U.S. patent application number 14/046040 was filed with the patent office on 2014-08-07 for skin tanning and light therapy incorporating light emitting diodes.
The applicant listed for this patent is Peter D. Fiset. Invention is credited to Peter D. Fiset.
Application Number | 20140222120 14/046040 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 33457438 |
Filed Date | 2014-08-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140222120 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Fiset; Peter D. |
August 7, 2014 |
SKIN TANNING AND LIGHT THERAPY INCORPORATING LIGHT EMITTING
DIODES
Abstract
The invention relates to a skin tanning chamber, the improvement
comprising at least one light emitting diode emitting a UVA light,
such as a UVA LED that emits essentially only UVA. Additionally,
multiple LEDs of varying types with various characteristic
wavelengths are controlled independently to produce an arbitrary
light pattern in an arbitrary sequence over time. The chamber can
be rigid or flexible. It can be a bed, booth or incorporated into a
flexible form, such as a garment or cloth. In one embodiment, the
chamber further comprises at least one LED emitting a UVC light,
whereby the UVC light sanitizes the chamber surface. Preferably the
LED emitting the UVA light is under independent control from the
LED emitting UVC light.
Inventors: |
Fiset; Peter D.;
(Loudenville, NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Fiset; Peter D. |
Loudenville |
NY |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
33457438 |
Appl. No.: |
14/046040 |
Filed: |
October 4, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13188499 |
Jul 22, 2011 |
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14046040 |
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12338989 |
Dec 18, 2008 |
7994489 |
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13188499 |
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11732667 |
Apr 4, 2007 |
7476888 |
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12338989 |
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11044614 |
Jan 27, 2005 |
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11732667 |
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10714824 |
Nov 17, 2003 |
6861658 |
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11044614 |
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60473237 |
May 24, 2003 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
607/91 ;
607/94 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61N 2005/007 20130101;
A61N 2005/0652 20130101; A61N 2005/0653 20130101; A61N 2005/0661
20130101; A61N 2005/005 20130101; A61N 2005/0645 20130101; A61N
5/0614 20130101; A61N 5/0616 20130101; A61N 2005/0629 20130101;
A61N 2005/0615 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
607/91 ;
607/94 |
International
Class: |
A61N 5/06 20060101
A61N005/06 |
Claims
1. A method for tanning comprising subjecting a subject to a skin
tanning chamber, the improvement comprising at least one light
emitting diode emitting a UVA light, wherein the light emitting
diode (LED) emits essentially only UVA light, and wherein the LED
is incorporated into a flexible form.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the chamber is a bed or
booth.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the LED is incorporated into a
garment or cloth.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising at least one LED
emitting a UVB and/or a UVC light.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the LED emitting the UVA light is
under independent control from the LED emitting UVC light.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the improvement comprising a
plurality of LEDs emitting UVA light.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising controlling the
electric current to each LED to maintain a constant total radiant
flux over the life time of each LED.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising controlling the LEDs
to allow radiation to selected portions of the skin.
9. The method of claim 6, further comprising controlling the period
of exposure.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising storing records of
use.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the LED is incorporated into a
form which is adapted to fit into a standard fluorescent bulb
fixture.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the form further comprises an
internal power converter.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the LEDs are ventilated.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the LEDs are ventilated by a
fan directing air longitudinally across the LEDs.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the LEDs are disposed within a
transparent tube characterized by one or more perforations which
provide for air flow out of the tube.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the tube is characterized by a
closed end and an open end, wherein the air is directed through the
open end and out the perforations.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the density of perforations on
the distal end of the tube, with respect to the open end, is
greater than the density of perforations on the proximal end.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the perforations on the distal
end of the tube, with respect to the open end, are larger than the
perforations on the proximal end.
19. The method of claim 16, comprising a bed and a circuit board
characterized by an array of UVA LEDs.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the circuit board is selected
from the group consisting of (a) rigid, (b) curved and (c)
flexible.
21. A method for tanning comprising subjecting a subject to a skin
tanning chamber skin tanning chamber, the improvement comprising at
least one light emitting diode emitting a UVA light, wherein the
light emitting diode (LED) emits essentially only UVA light, and
wherein the LED is incorporated into a rigid form.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the chamber is a bed or
booth.
23. The method of claim 21, further comprising at least one LED
emitting a UVB and/or a UVC light.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the LED emitting the UVA light
is under independent control from the LED emitting UVC light.
25. The method of claim 21, the improvement comprising a plurality
of LEDs emitting UVA light.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising controlling the
electric current to each LED to maintain a constant total radiant
flux over the life time of each LED.
27. The method of claim 26, further comprising controlling the LEDs
to allow radiation to selected portions of the skin.
28. The method of claim 26, further comprising controlling the
period of exposure.
29. The method of claim 28, further comprising storing records of
use.
30. The method of claim 21, wherein the LED is incorporated into a
form which is adapted to fit into a standard fluorescent bulb
fixture.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the form further comprises an
internal power converter.
32. The method of claim 21, wherein the LEDs are ventilated.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the LEDs are ventilated by a
fan directing air longitudinally across the LEDs.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the LEDs are disposed within a
transparent tube characterized by one or more perforations which
provide for air flow out of the tube.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the tube is characterized by a
closed end and an open end, wherein the air is directed through the
open end and out the perforations.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein the density of perforations on
the distal end of the tube, with respect to the open end, is
greater than the density of perforations on the proximal end.
37. The method of claim 35, wherein the perforations on the distal
end of the tube, with respect to the open end, are larger than the
perforations on the proximal end.
38. The method of claim 35, comprising a bed and a circuit board
characterized by an array of UVA LEDs.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the circuit board is selected
from the group consisting of (a) rigid, (b) curved and (c)
flexible.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 13/188,499, filed Jul. 22, 2011, which is a continuation of
U.S. application Ser. No. 12/338,989, filed Dec. 18, 2008, now U.S.
Pat. No. 7,994,489, issued Aug. 9, 2011 which is a continuation of
U.S. application Ser. No. 11/732,667, filed Apr. 4, 2007, now U.S.
Pat. No. 7,476,888, issued Jan. 13, 2009, which is a continuation
of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/044,614, filed Jan. 27, 2005, now
abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.
10/714,824, filed Nov. 17, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,861,658,
issued Mar. 1, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/473,237, filed on May 24, 2003. The entire
teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The most common method of skin tanning involves the process
of exposing skin to ultra-violet light. Health research has shown
that both the condition of under-exposure to ultra-violet light and
the condition of over-exposure to ultra-violet light causes a
variety of health problems. Health research has also shown that
specific ranges of wavelengths of ultra-violet light are
responsible for producing health benefits. Moderate exposure to
specific wavelengths of ultra-violet light produces the greatest
benefits with the least amount of health risk. Certain methods and
devices are useful at controlling the quantity and quality of
ultra-violet light exposure in the effort to produce the greatest
health benefits with the least amount of health risks. Ultra-violet
light quality depends primarily on the ranges of wavelength of
ultra-violet light; where the highest ultra-violet light quality is
the ultra-violet light that produces the greatest net health
benefits.
[0003] The sun is a primary source of ultra-violet light for
tanning. The quantity of light exposure to the sun is simple to
control. The quality of ultra-violet light exposure by the sun is
not simple to control. Lamps that provide alternative sources of
ultra-violet light allow for tanning services that do not rely on
the sun. These tanning services are available and are administered
in a controlled environment such as in personal care service
salons. The industry providing controlled exposure to artificial
ultra-violet light is generally referred to as the "indoor-tanning"
industry. Indoor-tanning does not implement systems that are
directly dependent on the sun as the source of ultra-violet
radiation. The quality of the indoor-tanning ultra-violet light has
become important in differentiating services available within the
same indoor-tanning salon and between competing tanning salons.
[0004] Light with wavelengths in the ultra-violet range is often
referred to as UV light or UV. UVA, UVB and UVC describe three
separate non-overlapping but adjacent ranges of light fully
encompassing the UV light range. The range of light referred to as
UVA generally has the longest set of wavelengths within the UV
range and includes wavelengths between 290 and 400. UVA-1, as that
termed is used herein, is between 340 and 400; UVA-2 is between 315
and 340; and UVA-3 is between 290 and 315. The range of light
referred to as UVC generally has the shortest set of wavelengths
within the UV range and includes wavelengths between 160 and 260.
The range of light referred to as UVB includes wavelengths between
260 and 290.
[0005] The use of the terms UVA, UVB and UVC allow the various
properties of UV light to be categorized in general ways. UVA has
the best capability of tanning skin. UVB does not produce a tan in
the third layer of skin. UVC light does not produce a tan but can
sterilize some biological agents such as certain bacteria. Under
certain conditions UVB will tan the second layer of skin. The
second layer of skin when tanned with UVB has a shedding period of
5 to 8 days. Skin tanned with UVA only has the third layer of skin
tanned which results in a normal shedding cycle of 28 days.
[0006] A light therapy is a method of applying a specific set of
wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation in specific states and
under specific conditions to produce a change in a bodily function.
Tanning is a light therapy whereby the biological change is the
production of melanin within the cells of the skin. Indoor-tanning
is a light therapy utilizing the exposure of moderate amounts of UV
over a reasonable amount of time to skin from UV sources other than
the sun.
[0007] Under normal conditions the outer layer of skin, also known
as the first layer, is composed of dead cells. Normally, dead cells
will not produce melanin upon exposure to moderate amounts of UV.
The layer under the first layer of skin is referred to as the
second layer of skin, and is composed of active cells that may be
functioning in some biological manner and will produce melanin upon
exposure to UVB light. UVB skin tanning has, what some tanners
consider, an additional negative effect, UVB tanning will thicken
the second layer of skin and as a result increases the visibility
of skin lines and wrinkles UVB tanning creates a shedding cycle of
5 to 7 days which is undesirable when a UVA tan has a shedding
cycle of 28 days. When UVB is combined with UVA the shedding cycle
of the UVA tanned layer is accelerated since the second layer is
shed more quickly and the third layer becomes the second layer as a
result and is shed within another 5 to 7 days.
[0008] Under normal conditions the layer of skin that will produce
melanin (melanogenesis) when exposed to UVA-3 or UVB light is
referred to as the third layer of skin and more specifically the
melanocytes within the skin. The Vitamin-D production is believed
to be caused by exposure to UVA-3 or UVB light. However, UVB light
can also degrade Vitamin-D. Since UVA-3 does not degrade Vitamin-D,
UVA-3 is preferred over UVB for Vitamin-D production and
melanogenesis. The selective elimination of UVB and selective
production of UVA-1, UVA-2 and UVA-3 can be a benefit of the
present invention. Melanogenesis is important for tanners who
desire a darker tan than that which is obtained from UVA-1 or UVA-2
exposure alone. UVA-1 and UVA-2 converts melanin into the dark
pigment melatonin. The Tanning Industry Association promotes a
skin-type classification based on the amount of melanin present in
the skin before additional melanin has been created by
melanogenesis. These types include type I (little), II (low), III
(moderate), IV (high) and V (black). In exceptional conditions such
as albinism, the third layer of skin is not capable of producing
melanin. For the purposes of this application, albino skin is
considered an exception to the norm and will not be referred to as
a third layer of skin but as an albino third layer of skin.
[0009] It is common knowledge that all wavelengths of UV over long
exposure periods damage the skin in various ways. Therefore, it is
desirable to limit the exposure of UV radiation to skin.
Alternatively, some UV exposure is generally considered necessary
in order to maintain good health in other bodily functions, such as
the generation of vitamin-D. Vitamin-D is useful in the absorption
of calcium in the body. Therefore, it has been recommended by
various health organizations studying the phenomena that moderate
exposure to UV light has a net health benefit, whereas
over-exposure or under-exposure of UV results in a net health
deficit. The art of indoor-tanning to remain useful should provide
for ever increasing controllability of the application of the light
therapy. As a light therapy tanning should be applied with specific
goals and procedures to maximize the benefits of the therapy.
[0010] For people desiring a tan, the main benefits of UV exposure
is the production of tanned skin. Tanners enjoy positive
psychological and perceived positive social benefits resulting from
having tanned skin. In order to limit the total amount of UV
radiation tanners are exposed to while maintaining a tan, it is
desirable to reduce as much as possible the exposure to UV light
outside the UVA wavelength range. UVB and UVC wavelength ranges of
radiation are by definition not capable of tanning skin with a 28
day shedding cycle and therefore reasonable efforts should be made
to eliminate UVB and UVC from the source of light tanners are
exposed to.
[0011] Indoor-tanning methods generate UV light from converting
electrical energy to light within devices such as UV fluorescent
bulbs and high pressure quartz metal-halide bulbs, which are two
specific types of light bulb technologies. UV light bulbs currently
in use have properties of high voltage, high temperature, and low
electrical energy to UV conversion efficiencies of approximately
seventeen percent.
[0012] Within the fluorescent light bulb category there are a
variety of types that differ mainly in the percentage of UV light
produced in the UVA, UVB and UVC wavelength ranges. For tanners
concerned with overexposure to UV light the more desirable
fluorescent bulbs have a higher percentage of light in the UVA
wavelength range. Tanners concerned with overexposure prefer and
tend to pay a premium for tanning services that have the least
amount of UVB and UVC.
[0013] Depending on weather conditions, typically 88% of the UV
radiation from the sun is UVA, in this case an artificial source
with more than 88% of the UV radiation is UVA is considered a less
harmful tanning method than sun-tanning. Common fluorescent tanning
bulbs and associated services have UV composed between 92.0% UVA to
97.5% UVA. Currently, high pressure quartz metal-halide bulbs have
in general 98.5% UVA and are considered to be the least harmful
artificial tanning bulbs currently used in indoor-tanning
salons.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The invention relates to a skin tanning chamber, the
improvement comprising at least one light emitting diode emitting a
UVA light, such as a UVA LED that emits essentially only UVA.
Additionally, multiple LEDs of varying types with various
characteristic wavelengths are controlled independently to produce
an arbitrary light pattern in an arbitrary sequence over time. The
chamber can be rigid or flexible. It can be a bed, booth or
incorporated into a flexible form, such as a garment or cloth. In
one embodiment, the chamber further comprises at least one LED
emitting a UVC light, whereby the UVC light sanitizes the chamber
surface. Preferably the LED emitting the UVA light is under
independent control from the LED emitting UVC light.
[0015] The skin tanning chamber preferably comprises a plurality of
LEDs emitting UVA light, optionally, further comprising a means for
controlling the electric current to each LED to maintain a
calibration for a consistent radiant flux over the life time of
each LED; a means for controlling the LEDs to allow radiation to
selected portions of the skin; a means for controlling the period
of exposure; a means for selecting and controlling wavelengths
emitted, a means to vary radiant flux and wavelengths according to
a program responsive to combinations of feedforward and feedback
sensors, and a means for storing records of use.
[0016] In another embodiment, the LED is incorporated into a form
which is adapted to fit into a standard fluorescent bulb fixture
and can have an internal or an external power converter to permit
the use of a UVA LED in a conventional fluorescent tube-based
device with cooling means, air flow means and temperature control
means.
[0017] The skin tanning chamber preferably is configured to permit
ventilation of the LEDs, such as by a fan which blows a gas, such
as air, longitudinally or laterally across the LEDs. In one
embodiment, the LEDs are disposed within a transparent or
translucent, preferably acrylic, tube characterized by one or more
perforations which provide for air flow out of the tube. The tube
can be characterized by a closed end and an open end, wherein the
air is directed through the open end and out the perforations. The
density of perforations on the distal end of the tube, with respect
to the open end, can be greater than the density of perforations on
the proximal end and/or they can be larger than the perforations on
the proximal end. This results in improved performance and longer
life for the LEDs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of
the invention will be apparent from the following more particular
description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference
characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views.
The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being
placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
[0019] FIG. 1 shows an electrical schematic diagram for powering
the LEDs in the series connected LEDs (47) in the low voltage LED
array (22) and metallic pins (10, 12) and external LED compatible
power supply (20) responding to control from optional external
light output feedback sensor (174) and house power connector (36).
This embodiment utilizes a resistor (46) to limit the current to
the series connected LEDs (47). The series connected LEDs (47) have
multiple LEDs or a single LED depending on the voltage supplied and
number LEDs per controlled power lines (49). If the design goals of
further embodiments of the present invention requires a
controllable power line for each LED then a single LED in the
series connected LEDs (47) and LED (5) are identical. There is a
tradeoff between providing control to each LED and the cost
associated with the control circuits. Additionally, there is a
tradeoff between cost of power supply and the failure of a single
LED in an open failure mode to block the delivery of current to
multiple LEDs in the series connected LEDs (47). LED compatible
power supplies (20) designed for supplying current to individual
LEDs is more expensive because the voltage conversion is wider and
the current output is higher. The total current output from LED
compatible power supply (20) is reduced by a factor calculated as
the number of power lines (49) divided by the total number of LEDs
in the further embodiment of invention (22). Therefore, depending
upon the application and allowable failure modes, LEDs may have an
arbitrary number of LEDs in series depending on the trade-off and
application requirements. Also shown is a variable power supply
which charges capacitors (45) in a selective manner.
[0020] FIG. 2 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a LED power
control circuit that utilizes a current control (48), and an
optional capacitor (45). Current control (48) supplies current
series connected LEDs (47) via controlled power line (49) power
control line (50). Current control (48) may optionally vary the
current delivered to series connected LEDs (47) over time as the
encapsulation UV transmittance varies in order to calibrate the
LEDs for a given usage history.
[0021] FIG. 3 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a LED power
control circuit that utilizes a current control (48), and a
capacitor (45), where current control (48) is attached to a single
LED (5) connected to controlled power line (49) power control line
(50).
[0022] FIG. 4 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a LED power
control circuit that utilizes said current controls (48), and an
optional said capacitors (45). Said current controls (48) supplies
current to said series connected LEDs (47) via said controlled
power lines (49) responsive to said power control lines (50) and
said external light output feedback sensor (174). The method of
calibrating each separate said current controls by selectively
turning on one said current control at a given time in order to
measure the light output from the said series connected LEDs and
calibrate each set of said series connected LEDs (47) separately.
Current control (48) may optionally vary the current delivered to
series connected LEDs (47) over time as the encapsulation UV
transmittance varies. Also shown are permanently mounted connector
(184) and portable connector (185) which allows said external light
output feedback sensor (174) to be moved around within the tanning
chamber and removed from the tanning chamber.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0023] The present invention incorporates the use of light emitting
diodes, commonly referred to as LEDs, into an indoor-tanning device
that optionally includes other sources of therapeutic
electromagnetic radiation. UVA LEDs are preferred. Particularly
preferred UVA LEDs include those that emit at least about 90% UVA
wavelengths, preferably at least about 95% or more UVA wavelengths.
In one embodiment, the LED emits essentially only (e.g., at least
about 99.99%) UVA. This high percentage of UVA light output is an
improvement over previous lamp technologies previously available in
indoor-tanning salons. The various LED manufacturers of the
preferred LEDs are Cree Inc. (USA), Nichia (Japan), Toyoda Gosei
(Japan), Crystal IS (USA-Aluminum Nitride AN substrate) with Palo
Alto Research Center (USA).
[0024] For providing general purpose light therapy it is desirable
to include LEDs that have wavelengths in addition to UVA to provide
for services other than or in addition to tanning. Therefore in
light therapy other than tanning a mix of various wavelength LEDs
may be incorporated in combinations that suit a particular therapy
requirement. A light therapy device composed of UVA LEDs and other
LEDs and other types of light bulbs is desirable to provide a
variety of desired therapeutic effects. When the desired effect is
tanning skin then a portion of the LEDs are of the UVA LED variety.
In general, UVA LEDs are used in combination with other light
sources to produce a combination light therapy in a selectable and
controllable manner. Light therapy devices with multiple and varied
types of lamps include selectable power supplies that control how
and when the various lamps are powered. Indoor-tanning devices with
selectively controllable UVA LEDs have the advantage of providing
selectable tanning areas and reduced power when tanning is not
required at various points within the tanning chamber.
[0025] There are many advantages of LEDs over light bulbs. LEDs are
more efficient at converting electrical energy into directed light
than many other UV light bulb types. LEDs do not require surfaces
operating at high temperatures and can be safer. LEDs do not
require high voltages or high currents to operate and, for this
reason, LEDs are safer and require less structure to protect the
people in proximity to the light source. Additionally, LEDs can be
smaller than light bulbs. As discrete components LEDs may be
fabricated as arrays in a wide variety of shapes and form factors,
including a fluorescent bulb form factor, an industry standard
light bulb, or an industry standard spot light bulb.
[0026] In a fluorescent bulb form factor the UVA LED arrays can
contain an internal power conversion or external power conversion
(or a combination of internal and external power conversion) and
directly replace a UV fluorescent bulb in currently installed
tanning devices currently made for indoor-tanning devices. Current
indoor-tanning devices for the prone body position are commonly
referred to as tanning beds. Current indoor-tanning devices for
upright body positions are commonly referred to as tanning booths.
Collectively, tanning booths and tanning beds are referred to as
tanning chambers.
[0027] In a further embodiment of the invention, UVA LEDs are
incorporated into articles of clothing, and into cloth, and into
flexible forms, and into rigid forms that allow for home tanning
systems and for personal tanning systems such as tanning jackets,
tanning pants, tanning suits, tanning bags or sacs, tanning
blankets and tanning rooms.
[0028] Personal tanning systems can be shared by different people
at different times. If a personal tanning system is shared, it is
desirable to have a set of removable UVA-translucent garment or
liner capable of being washed. A personal tanning system that is
cleaned in an efficient manner between uses is desirable. A
personal tanning system with the ability to be cleaned is desirable
whether shared or un-shared.
[0029] UV light has surface sterilization effects and therefore a
personal tanning system will to some degree be self-cleaning with
regard to certain undesirable bacteria such as mold and mildew.
Additionally, UVB and UVC light sources may be incorporated into a
personal tanning device to produce a higher degree of sterilization
when operated in a special cleaning mode without the presence of
tanners.
[0030] In ideal conditions, UV LED semiconductor chips have a
lifetime on the order of 100,000 hours. Encapsulated LEDs have an
epoxy or plastic encapsulation. The encapsulated UV LEDs have an
effective lifetime of 10,000 hours due to degradation of the
encapsulation material from UV exposure. The chips within the
encapsulation continue to operate past the 10,000 hours but the UV
degraded encapsulation material does not allow as much UV light to
escape. In order to maintain a calibrated constant total radiant
flux per tanning session over the life of the encapsulated UV LED
based tanning device, then either, the corrective action of
increasing the electric current supplied to the LEDs, or the
corrective action of increasing the total number of powered LEDs in
the tanning device, or a combination of the corrective actions must
be taken as the encapsulation material degrades. The wavelength of
the UVA does not change significantly over the life of a UVA
LED.
[0031] When used in 5 to 20 minute power cycles common in tanning
chambers, fluorescent light bulbs begin to noticeably degrade
within 100 hours of use and have a total lifetime on the order of
1000 hours or less, and are very often replaced after 400 total
hours of operation creating significant maintenance expenses.
Therefore, there is a greatly reduced amount of maintenance
required with the LED based tanning systems as opposed to
fluorescent bulb tanning systems. The UVA LED has a consistent
wavelength over the life of the LED, whereas the wavelength varies
for fluorescent bulbs over the life of the fluorescent bulb. The
average wavelength of the fluorescent bulb in the UVA range
decreases and drifts into the UVB range which is considered by some
tanners as a negative effect over the life of the fluorescent bulb.
Independent of UVA LED mounting method, whether encapsulated in UV
sensitive material (epoxy resin) or encapsulated in UV insensitive
materials (metal or plastic housing with quartz lens), the UVA LEDs
have a longer useful life than fluorescent bulbs.
[0032] As previously stated, UVA LEDs may be used in combination
with other UV producing light sources. LEDs incorporated into light
therapy devices, including tanning devices, are not limited to the
UVA type only. Other wavelengths LEDs are incorporated into the
device in order to provide other types of light therapy. In
addition to providing additional light therapy effects, other
wavelength LEDs may provide visible light in an otherwise dark
chamber.
[0033] In any UV light exposure application it is recommended for
people being exposed to use UV opaque protective eye-wear and it is
recommended for people being exposed to shut the eyelids as much as
possible in order to minimize exposure of the retina to UV. It is
important to maintain strict observation of the requirement for UV
opaque protective eye-wear during operation of tanning equipment.
Therefore, in one embodiment, special control circuits can be
incorporated to prevent powering the UV light sources when UV
opaque UV opaque protective eye-wear in absent. In addition,
training in use of tanning equipment is highly recommended.
[0034] This present invention is a reliable tanning device
incorporating combinations of sensors and communication equipment
into the tanning device to determine if the tanner has UV opaque
protective eye-wear present and worn correctly before allowing the
tanning system to start emitting UV radiation. This reliable
personal tanning device incorporates special safety features that
identify people and do not allow for over-exposure of any user to
UV light over a given time frame. This reliable personal tanning
device interfaces to a computer terminal with associated software
logic and with associated input and output control ports, to
provide information such as length of tan for a each unique user
and to provide historical records of user specific tanning
activities and accounting details.
[0035] In one embodiment, the LED device is contained in a tube,
such as an acrylic tube, in the form factor of an industry standard
fluorescent bulb with an internal power converter, an optional
internal cooling system, and an optional temperature sensor. In yet
another embodiment, the form is equipped with an internal light
output feedback sensor to control the power to the cooling system
or other fan. Alternatively, an external LED compatible power
supply in the form factor for a high voltage fluorescent bulb
ballast power supply can be used with the LED device in the
fluorescent bulb form factor with house-power volt connector. This
form factor allows for direct replacement of industry standard
fluorescent power ballast when the industry standard fluorescent
bulbs are replaced with LED fluorescent bulb form factors which do
not contain internal power converters. The invention, manufactured
in a standard fluorescent form factor, allows direct replacement
with minimal modification to bulb fixtures already deployed in
tanning chambers.
[0036] An external LED compatible power supply used with a low
voltage LED array can be connected to a house-power connector. A
low voltage LED array does not need an active internal high voltage
power converter and thus has a lower cooling requirement but can
still have an optional fan and optional temperature sensor and
temperature controller.
[0037] In one embodiment, the device is equipped with optional
adjustable rotating electrical connectors, friction plate, and
fastener, allowing for setting arbitrary direction of the LEDs and
circuit board. The device can also be equipped with a porous
end-cap that allows for ventilation, such as passive or active
ventilation. The porous end cap permits air flow when used, for
example, with a fan. The industry standard electrical connection is
composed of metallic pins and insulators, commonly referred to as
Bi-Pin, RD2 and lead wires.
[0038] Flexible electrical connectors are a preferred embodiment,
employing coiled wire but could also be composed of a track and
slider connector for maintaining electrical connection while
allowing for rotation of the end-cap with respect to the circuit
board. The rotating components allows for adjustable directional
alignment of light without having to rotate the connector on the
fixture. In this embodiment, the LED device can advantageously
replace one or more fluorescent bulbs in a typical fluorescent bulb
based tanning chamber.
[0039] The UVA LED based florescent UV bulb replacement apparatus
can come in a number of embodiments. In one embodiment, it
incorporates an external heat sink for cooling of the components.
The built-in power supply conditions house-power or high voltage or
high frequency power into power suitable for driving LED circuits.
A typical UVA LED fluorescent replacement lamp is composed of
thousands of UVA LEDs arrayed on a single fluorescent form factor
circuit board. Heat sinks can be integrated into the UVA LED
fluorescent replacement lamp. Combinations of heat sinks and fans
can be integrated into said present invention. The form factor of
the UVA LED fluorescent replacement lamp is similar to that of the
florescent bulbs they replace but are not necessarily identical.
UVA LED replacement lamps in a fluorescent bulb form factor may
replace multiple fluorescent bulbs with a single set of connectors.
The UV LED replacement fluorescent bulb set apparatus with a single
or multiple sets of rotating electrical connectors can also be
used. Optional modular components can create an arbitrary length of
fluorescent bulb replacement utilizing special sockets, linking
them end to end. Provisions for two-way control signals to
selectively control individual or sub-sets of LEDs within the LED
array can be contained within the connectors. Alternatively, the
power lines can be modulated with two way time or frequency
multiplexed coded signals in such a manner as to provide signal
information to and from an LED power controller in proximity to the
LEDs for the purpose of selectively controlling power to
individuals or sub-sets of the LEDs.
[0040] The form can contain an array of a plurality of LEDs on a
circuit board. The circuit board and LED array can be on one, two
or more sides. The board can be flat, curved, angled (such as an
obtuse or acute angle with one or two sides of the angle presented
with an array). In yet another embodiment, the circuit board LED
array is on one or more sides of a multiple angled circuit board,
such as an open or closed angled circuit board. Where the board is
curved, the curve can be concave, convex, or curvilinear, open or
closed (such as a cylinder) with an array presented on one or both
sides. In yet another embodiment, the circuit board can be flat (or
other configuration), but the LED leads bent to allow direction
orientation of LED, distinct from the board. In yet another
embodiment, the circuit board is flexible, permitting bending,
folding and/or formation to a desired contour. In yet another
embodiment, the circuit board and LED array on all points of a
curved three-dimensional circuit board.
[0041] The invention can be formed in a foldable LED array with
multiple flat circuit boards which can be moved relative to each
other. This array can be opened and placed on a surface such as a
desk or table and can be folded and stored when not in use. A UV
opaque safety shroud with an optional door and proximity safety
switch encompassing foldable LED array can also be used.
[0042] The array of LEDs and circuit board can be made using a chip
on board manufacturing process whereby there is no plastic
encapsulation for the LED but another form of hermetic sealed cap
made of a material with better UV resistant and UV transmittance
properties than industry standard LED encapsulation. Industry
standard LED encapsulation is typically UV sensitive and reduces
the useful life of a UV LED where the LED encapsulation material
degrades under UV light conditions over time and thus has a lower
UV transmittance over use. Portions of the hermetic seal cap (25)
may be composed of glass or quartz or other UV transparent
material. Bonding wire can be used to mount the LED chips onto the
circuit board. Chip on board mounting increases the lifetime of the
UVA LED device because of the elimination of UV degradable
encapsulating material.
[0043] UVA LED package can be mounted on the surface of the circuit
board. The UVA LED package can optionally contain a focused lens
typically found in 5 millimeter and 3 millimeter footprints on a
circuit board. The hermetically sealed TO-66 package with UVA LED
in a metal package with a UV transparent glass or quartz lens on a
circuit board can be used. A glass or quartz lens transparent to
UVA is preferred over other UV immune UV transparent material
including plastic that is not degraded by UVA light.
[0044] In yet another embodiment, various UVA LED fluorescent bulb
replacement lamp building block units referred to as UVA blocks,
with integrated power and controller and the integrated cooling
mechanisms can be used. Cooling can be implemented with fans or
heat exchangers or active cooling means or combinations of these
components. Cooling can occur across or through the array. Building
blocks may be square or round and may be stacked to build a
complete tanning device, referred to as stacked block device.
[0045] In an example, a person with UV opaque protective eye-wear
can be exposed to a tanning light and light therapy or a
combination thereof in the presence of multiple types of light
sources which includes a UVA LED array alone or in combination with
the prior art UV light sources such as high pressure and low
pressure fluorescent bulb within a tanning chamber. The chamber can
optionally possess one or more UV opaque walls, a UV opaque tanning
chamber door, a ventilation system, a cooling system, a safety
switch connected to shut-off controller and/or system controller, a
controller communication device, a high voltage ballast (for use
with first embodiment of invention or fluorescent bulb and with low
voltage LED power supply), and/or an external light output feedback
sensor, for use with alternate low voltage embodiment of the
present invention and calibration requirements.
[0046] Again, the chamber can be a booth or bed and can be enclosed
or open. The chamber can be composed of a variety of materials
including UV opaque film or UV opaque solid walls to control the
exposure direction of the light. The LEDs can be directed to expose
light within the chamber and can be on the same or on independent
controls. In general, the internal surface of the chamber walls
will be UV reflective while the external surface and the wall
itself will be UV opaque.
[0047] For example, height dependent chambers with light saving
feature sections of controllable UVA LEDs can selectively be turned
off where the person in the tanning chamber does not require all of
the controllable light sources (including UVA LEDs) turned on
because of height, or because of the desire to tan (or not tan)
specific parts of the body. For example, LEDs can be arranged and
selectively powered to avoid tanning pre-cancer sites or moles. A
LED controller may be present in the chamber (or outside the
chamber) to adjust the height, pattern, brightness and other
features of the tanning system. The controller has a manual
controller input, an automatic height sensor input, or both. The
controller can adjust brightness and duration of exposure based on
the temperature of the devices with optional temperature sensor
input. The controller can vary the pattern accordingly and indicate
to the tanner the best direction to stand and in what position the
extremities should be in order to have the best solution for
obtaining the desired results if, for example, the chamber does not
have a full 360 degrees of tanning. Alternatively, the height
controller may be an external component to facilitate a full 360
degree of controllable UVA LED array. Additionally, one may include
a master controller and master-slave communication device and
slave-slave communication device. Tanning patterns may be recorded
and used again to control or initiate a subsequent tanning
session.
[0048] It is noted that personal slippers can improve health
conditions on the surface of the device when shared, by reducing
germ contamination between individuals. The personal slippers can
be UV translucent or UV opaque depending on choice of person
tanning.
[0049] Preferably, the person can be equipped with radio
identification, UV opaque protective eye-wear (with an optional
safety feature to indicate that the eyewear is worn) and user
interface. The user communication and safety control system can be
accessible from the inside and/or outside of the chamber containing
receiver for UV opaque protective eye-wear with an identification
device used to indicate the presence of the UV opaque protective
eye wear within the chamber. The identification device may be
wireless or a wired communication device.
[0050] FIG. 1 shows an electrical schematic diagram for powering
the LEDs in the series connected LEDs (47) in the low voltage LED
array (22) and metallic pins (10, 12) and external LED compatible
power supply (20) responding to control from optional external
light output feedback sensor (174) and house power connector (36).
This embodiment utilizes a resistor (46) to limit the current to
the series connected LEDs (47). The series connected LEDs (47) have
multiple LEDs or a single LED depending on the voltage supplied and
number LEDs per controlled power lines (49). If the design goals of
further embodiments of the present invention requires a
controllable power line for each LED then a single LED in the
series connected LEDs (47) and LED (5) are identical. There is a
tradeoff between providing control to each LED and the cost
associated with the control circuits. Additionally, there is a
tradeoff between cost of power supply and the failure of a single
LED in an open failure mode to block the delivery of current to
multiple LEDs in the series connected LEDs (47). LED compatible
power supplies (20) designed for supplying current to individual
LEDs is more expensive because the voltage conversion is wider and
the current output is higher. The total current output from LED
compatible power supply (20) is reduced by a factor calculated as
the number of power lines (49) divided by the total number of LEDs
in the further embodiment of invention (22). Therefore, depending
upon the application and allowable failure modes, LEDs may have an
arbitrary number of LEDs in series depending on the trade-off and
application requirements. Also shown is a variable power supply
which charges capacitors (45) in a selective manner.
[0051] FIG. 2 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a LED power
control circuit that utilizes a current control (48), and an
optional capacitor (45). Current control (48) supplies current
series connected LEDs (47) via controlled power line (49) power
control line (50). Current control (48) may optionally vary the
current delivered to series connected LEDs (47) over time as the
encapsulation UV transmittance varies. Current control (48) may
optionally vary the current delivered to series connected LEDs (47)
over time to provide specific tanning patterns according to
achieving arbitrary light therapy specific results.
[0052] FIG. 3 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a LED power
control circuit that utilizes a current control (48), and a
capacitor (45), where current control (48) is attached to a single
LED (5) connected to controlled power line (49) power control line
(50).
[0053] FIG. 4 shows an electrical schematic diagram of a LED power
control circuit that utilizes said current controls (48), and an
optional said capacitors (45). Said current controls (48) supplies
current to said series connected LEDs (47) via said controlled
power lines (49) responsive to said power control lines (50) and
said external light output feedback sensor (174). The method of
calibrating each separate said current controls by selectively
turning on one said current control at a given time in order to
measure the light output from the said series connected LEDs and
calibrate each set of said series connected LEDs (47) separately.
Current control (48) may optionally vary the current delivered to
series connected LEDs (47) over time as the encapsulation UV
transmittance varies. Also shown are optional permanently mounted
connector (184) and portable connector (185) which allows said
external light output feedback sensor (174) to be moved around
within the tanning chamber and removed from the tanning chamber.
The light output sensor may also be fixed inside the chamber or
mounted to a translating and rotating mechanism to scan the chamber
in a mechanical and automated manner.
[0054] The form factors for incorporating the LEDs can be
optionally contoured to fit or conform to the body or body part of
the individual user. For example, the form is a face tanning system
incorporating LEDs and circuit board. The face tanning system is in
the form of a face mask (optionally extending to the neck area or
below), with optional ports for the eyes, nose and/or mouth and can
incorporate one or more optional fans at the edge(s) of the mask
for ventilation and cooling purposes, optional audio speakers for
listening to music or environmental sounds with either stereo or
quadraphonic audio input and/or microphone for verbal
communications with optional telephonic capabilities, microphone
input for further communications capability. Additionally, the mask
can be characterized by an external LED compatible power supply
with optional timer control, power switch, house power connector
and/or external battery connector, an optional programming keypad
for entering user codes and lockout features, key-lock, proximity
switch to control the safety feature of closed to operate UV opaque
shield with hinge attached to UV opaque face shield. A circuit
board which has multiple current controls controlled by signals
from control lines, and has connections to power lines, connections
to UVA LEDs and connections to power source and current return
drain on pins. In this embodiment, the pins can be flexible.
[0055] In another embodiment, the form encompasses the full head
and neck tanning system. Again, as above, additional components can
include audio speakers, external LED compatible power supply and
house power connector. LEDs may be selectively powered to provide
specific areas of tanning and may be turned off around the hair,
which does not require exposure to UVA.
[0056] In yet another embodiment, a full or partial body tanning
apparel can be made. Apparel can avoid golfer's tan by allowing
full body exposure to the light while still providing privacy where
the outer layer of the apparel is opaque. The apparel can be made
of material that contains a UV blocking or reflecting component
positioned to keep the UV light in the apparel. The apparel can be
lined with a removable layer or a first inner layer can be a layer
in between the outer and inner layer that contains the UVA LEDs and
circuit board and the circuitry and cooling and controlling
components. A UV translucent inner layer comes in contact with the
client. For sanitary reasons the inner layer is preferably used
exclusively by a single client and/or can be washed. This inner
fabric will be completely or partially transparent to UV light. The
inner fabric will also be able to diffuse the UV light in a manner
that will allow the client to receive a consistent tan over the
surface of the body. Controls selectively control the UVA LEDs to
be energized in a desired pattern. This desired pattern may be
saved and recalled automatically through the registration and
control system connected to controlled power lines and a control
line. A UV opaque zipper or other fastener can be used to get into
the full body tanning apparel and limit the amount of UV radiation
emitted. This embodiment of the invention will allow tanning slowly
over a period of time preferably while sleeping. Slow tanning may
be less stressful on the skin. Tanning apparel and sleeping bags
may be used to slow down the tanning process, reduce the required
light flux and can tan in a comfortable environment. Cooling
systems can also be controlled by control system through control
wires. External LED compatible power supplies and house power
connectors can be incorporated into the device.
[0057] The apparel can have a layer of partially or fully UV opaque
material, inside the inner layer of the full body tanning apparel
next to the body covering parts of the client that require no UV
exposure. Alternatively, the client can attach a patch to the skin
to protect it from UV exposure. The use of partially or fully UV
opaque filters results in a controlled tanning pattern without the
need for granular control of the UVA LEDs.
[0058] Of course, multiple connections and controllers over various
parts of the full body tanning apparel can be used rather than a
single controller or connector, whether the chamber is made of
fabric, is flexible or rigid.
[0059] Modular selective tanning devices allow selectable patterns
for tanning. Selective tanning is useful for eliminating or
blending an uneven tan, such as a golfers tan, where parts of the
body are over tanned and the goal is to obtain a less drastic
change in skin color over a given area. Modular and selective
tanning is also useful in medical cases such as a person with a
medical skin condition that requires a prescribed light therapy as
directed by a physician or other medical person or medical
therapist.
[0060] Modular tanning apparel can be used as well. In this
embodiment, the module connectors are connected to a common
controller at the tanning apparel edge. An alternate design uses
external connectors. Multiple two-dimensional components connected
into three-dimensional assemblies are useful building block
components for modular tanning apparel. Modular and selective
tanning is useful in medical cases such as a person with a medical
skin condition that requires a prescribed light therapy as directed
by a physician or other medical person or medical therapist.
[0061] Various shapes of modular tanning apparels can be readily
envisioned, including, for example, a torso, leg, foot, arm, pants
and shirt. The shapes can be inter-connectable pieces of tanning
apparel to build a complete or partial modular tanning suit.
Arbitrary numbers of connector, arbitrary types of connectors,
arbitrary shapes of components, and arbitrary materials of
components, and arbitrary orientations of connectors allow for
arbitrary tanning devices to be constructed.
[0062] A curved three-dimensional modular fabric component for
completing power and control signal connections between tanning
apparel components, with two sides having male style connector
power pins and male style communications connector and two sides
with female style hollow power connectors and female style
communications connector. Alternatively, a curved three-dimensional
modular fabric component with one, two or three sets of male
connectors which would represent an end component or corner of the
fabric can be made. Not shown is the curved three-dimensional
modular fabric component with one, two or three sets of female
connector which would represent an end component in the fabric.
[0063] Two-dimensional components used to build three-dimensional
assemblies connections from one segment of clothing to another for
power and control signals can be designed to keep electromagnetic
interference to a minimum.
[0064] A three-dimensional modular fabric component, such as a
rectangular component, for completing power and control signal
connections between tanning apparel components, with two sides
having male style connector power pins and male style
communications connectors and two sides with female style hollow
power connectors and female style communications connectors can be
conveniently used. One or more of each component can be used. Not
shown is one side with quartz or other UV translucent material to
allow UV light to reach the skin. Arbitrary numbers of connector,
arbitrary types of connectors, arbitrary shapes of components, and
arbitrary materials of components, and arbitrary orientations of
connectors allow for arbitrary tanning devices to be
constructed.
[0065] Alternatively, a mechanical translating tanning system that
has a spatial translating LED loop (or loops) that encircle(s) the
tanner has the advantage of requiring fewer bulbs to tan the same
area of skin over a longer period of time. This embodiment has a
reduced cost because fewer UVA LEDs are required to produce the
desired tan. Either the system (or loop) moves longitudinally with
respect to the client, or the client may moves parallel with the
axis of the loop, or both. The movement may be manual or it may be
power assisted in a manual or automatic control manner. This system
can accommodate a standing tanner or a prone tanner. The loop(s)
can be mounted on a wall or ceiling-mounted track, for example, via
a hinge to allow clients to enter and exit the chamber. The UV
translucent bed may be acrylic. Translating LED loops may be
comprised of combinations of controllable UVA LEDs to be
selectively powered depending on position and area requiring
tan.
[0066] Various wavelength LEDs can be used in combination and
selectable and controlled for use in skin tanning and other light
therapies as a multi-wavelength light bulb. For example, the UVA
can be used in combination with yellow, orange, green, blue, red,
violet, IR, fluorescent, and/or UVC, as modular or fixed designs,
in combination or separate. Bulbs capable of producing various
wavelengths can be combined in arbitrary patterns to produce
arbitrary light therapy devices. Further, the wavelength produced
by any one LED can be varied. LEDs are produced by Cree, Inc.
(Durham, N.C.), Nichia America Corp. (Mountville, Pa.) and Toyoda
Gosei Ltd. (Japan).
[0067] The system can be used in conjunction with a payment system
associated with, for example, a rental of tanning chamber,
commercial sales and rental store and of the tanning systems as in
indoor-tanning salons. Battery backup power supplies can be
provided for operation of tanning equipment and control systems
during momentary power outages. A computer based control and
communications system for operating the tanning salon and
associated controllable tanning equipment and personal services and
communicating with other associated tanning salons and home offices
via communications lines or via wireless communication system can
be incorporated.
[0068] The use of multiple LEDs of various wavelength within a
tanning chamber can also be used. Specifically useful for tanning
are near-UV-blue LED, blue LED, blue-green LED, multi-bright LED,
solid state laser light emitting device that radiates light capable
of tanning or capable of providing light therapy of some benefit.
Also envisioned is solid state nano-structure UV-laser chip for use
in controlled multi-directional area specific tanning device
optionally associated with camera for feed-forward control for
determining exposure avoidance area and feedback control of
specific light exposure areas. Alternatively, one may use tanning
area specific mechanical translation device with laser chip based
focused light source. Another embodiment includes focused light
source utilizing LEDs on circuit board and translucent lens,
optional translucent lens, and translucent lens to create a tightly
focused light source which can be selectively powered depending on
specific areas of skin to expose to light and in particular UVA
light. Another embodiment includes focused light source utilizing
any light source lens and translucent lens, optional UV translucent
lens, and UV translucent lens to create a tightly focused UVA light
source which can be selectively controlled by light controller
depending on specific areas of skin to expose to light and in
particular UVA light. Light controller may be a blocking type
shutter or a deflecting mirror to effectively modulate the light
emitting from focused light source.
[0069] In yet another embodiment, the wavelength of the LED can be
controlled. For a given junction electric current and junction
temperature, UVA LEDs generally emit photons around a peak
wavelength in a narrow (approximately 10 nm) bell curve range of
wavelengths. Differing LED types have differing peak wavelengths.
UVA LEDs allow fine control for generating wavelengths. That is,
the use of a plurality of the same or distinct LEDs can be used,
optionally, in combination with multiple distinct operating
conditions to independently control the emitted wavelengths. For
example, a set of LEDs of a single LED type can be controlled with
different junction currents and power duty cycles among the
individual LEDs within the set of LEDs of a single LED type in
order to broaden the spectral density of UV wavelengths emitted by
the set as a whole. In addition, multiple sets of LEDs of differing
types can be used to broaden the spectral density of UV wavelengths
to a greater extent than is possible with a set of LEDs of a single
type. The purpose of the manipulation of the LEDs is to be able to
tailor the UV wavelength for a specific individual tanning session
or specific light therapy requirements.
[0070] LEDs as a UV light source provide the capability of
controlling the wavelengths produced. LEDs of varying types produce
light at various wavelengths. By selectively controlling specific
LEDs types within the light therapy device sequences of light can
be applied at predetermined or arbitrary patterns with varying
wavelengths. Examples of LED types include but are not limited to
Cree (405-395 nm), Nichia (375), Toyoda Gosei, Marubeni America
Corporation (364-380 nm), Crystal IS in collaboration with Palo
Alto Research Center (355-365 nm). Additional LEDs that can be used
in this device include organic light emitting devices.
[0071] Another method for controlling wavelength is based on
varying the electrical current and/or junction temperature to the
LEDs.
[0072] A single LED type at a given current and temperature will
generally produce photons that have a wavelength distribution
resembling a bell curve. Therefore, controlled current pulsing in
combination of varying the duty-cycle of the LEDs power will
control current and temperature conditions of the LED and results
in wavelength shifts that will have additional light therapy
benefits.
[0073] Generally for a given UVA LED type, the shorter wavelengths
within the band of producible wavelengths results from the lower
junction currents.
[0074] An additional means to control the peak wavelength is
varying the LED ambient cooling mechanism (e.g. fans,
thermoelectric cooler, peltier effect cooling device, and
compressor based air conditioners). A UVA LED assembly control
system, comprising an analog or digital computer, a suitable
algorithm, wavelength sensors, light intensity sensors, skin
proximity sensors, and user interface for programming desired
results, can be used to calculate the required variations to the
current controllers and the duty cycle controllers and the ambient
temperature controllers in order to produce a specific peak
wavelength from a given set of UVA LEDs. The time of exposure for
any given light therapy application may vary depending on the
wavelength required and can be determined a-priori or in real time
through such a control system.
[0075] LED type detecting sensors can be used to detect the types
of LED that are present within the chamber. The use of such sensors
may reduce the hazard of programming the control system for the
wrong set of UV LED types. The detector can be mechanical in action
with specific LED assemblies having specific cutouts for indicating
type. The detector can be an RF ID system or other non-mechanical
identification system. The detector can send various standardized
controlled signals and power to the LED array to determine the
capabilities of the LED assembly for use in the programming the
control system.
[0076] A history of the use of the LED assembly can be stored on
the LED assembly and read from the LED assembly in order to improve
the effectiveness of the control system. Historical information can
include one or more of the following: number of sessions, session
type, duty cycles, electric current levels, power duty cycles,
ambient temperatures, LED patterns and other LED type specific
information. Information can also be stored in a remote location
and a serialized coded key device (e.g. a memory chip, ROM, battery
backed RAM, or optical memory) will provide the control system with
a means of look-up for prior history of the LED assembly. The
history of use of a particular LED assembly can be used in the
control systems to calculate wavelength and exposure times for a
desired light therapy session.
[0077] Additional sensors can be incorporated to further refine the
control of the light therapy quality. For example, additional
sensors could detect presence of particulate matter in the air
which could affect wavelength and intensity levels.
[0078] A person in the upright or a person in the prone position
can be exposed to a directionally controllable focused light source
controlled either by controllable mirrors or controlled by tanning
area specific mechanical translation device of focused light source
or controlled by a combination of both methods to effectively tan
only the desired areas. This allows blemished problem skin or
pre-cancerous skin problem to remain unexposed to the focus light.
In this manner a tan is blended into the skin whose surrounding
skin becomes tanned as desired without damaging the problem
skin.
[0079] Light emitting fabric can be rolled up to store and
un-rolled to operate. A detection means for determining the state
of the fabric, roll or un-rolled, for safe operation, referred to
as roll-state-detector can be connected to external UV compatible
power source to control application of power to flexible power
pins. In the rolled up state the fabric LEDs are off. In the
un-rolled state, the fabric is powered up or shut off manually when
un-rolled. Additional components include a multipurpose personal
health device with display and power and communications connectors
capable of performing multiple functions that may include but is
not limited to detecting skin type, detecting person
identification, detecting vitamin D production, and detecting other
personal chemistry affected by light therapy and tanning light
radiation.
[0080] One embodiment of a benefits communications means for
advertising the advantages of the invention via print, or
electronic, or audio means or any combination thereof in order to
increase user awareness of the benefits of the present invention
and all of its various embodiments which may include but is not
limited to low voltage operation, low power operation, arbitrary
patterns of area tanning, flexible or rigid form factors, no
mercury, lighter and easier to move, lower safety costs, multiple
form factors, clothing, tanning apparel and tunable wavelength
given selectable multiple LEDs with various wavelengths.
[0081] Non-conducting housing for electrical connectors connecting
power and control circuits between multiple modular LED replacement
fluorescent bulb components and rotating power connectors can be
used. External light output feedback sensor can be used to increase
safety.
[0082] While this invention has been particularly shown and
described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will
be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in
form and details may be made therein without departing from the
scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
* * * * *