U.S. patent application number 14/172450 was filed with the patent office on 2014-08-07 for combustion chamber pressure gauge.
The applicant listed for this patent is BorgWarner BERU Systems GmbH. Invention is credited to Michael Hau ner, Christian Pottiez.
Application Number | 20140216145 14/172450 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51205980 |
Filed Date | 2014-08-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140216145 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hau ner; Michael ; et
al. |
August 7, 2014 |
COMBUSTION CHAMBER PRESSURE GAUGE
Abstract
A combustion chamber pressure gauge for an internal combustion
engine, comprising a housing tube, a plunger, which is movable in
an axial direction in the housing tube under the effect of
combustion chamber pressure against a restoring force, and
comprising a seal, which is disposed between the plunger and the
housing tube, and comprising a sensor for detecting an axial
displacement of the plunger. The sensor is decoupled from thermally
induced expansions or contractions of the housing tube, in that the
sensor is attached to a carrier, which is suspended in the housing
tube, and the plunger is movable relative to the carrier under the
effect of combustion chamber pressure.
Inventors: |
Hau ner; Michael;
(Benningen, DE) ; Pottiez; Christian; (Eppingen,
DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
BorgWarner BERU Systems GmbH |
Ludwigsburg |
|
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
51205980 |
Appl. No.: |
14/172450 |
Filed: |
February 4, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
73/114.19 ;
73/114.18 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01M 15/08 20130101;
F02D 35/023 20130101; F02P 19/028 20130101; G01L 23/02
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
73/114.19 ;
73/114.18 |
International
Class: |
G01M 15/08 20060101
G01M015/08 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 6, 2013 |
DE |
10 2013 101 177.2 |
Claims
1. A combustion chamber pressure gauge for an internal combustion
engine, comprising: a housing tube; a plunger, which is movable in
an axial direction in the housing tube under the effect of
combustion chamber pressure against a restoring force; a seal,
which is disposed between the plunger and the housing tube; and a
sensor for detecting an axial displacement of the plunger, wherein
the sensor is decoupled from expansions or contractions of the
housing tube in that the sensor is attached to a carrier, which is
suspended in the housing tube, and in that the plunger is movable
relative to the carrier under the effect of combustion chamber
pressure.
2. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 1,
wherein the plunger is a glow pencil and the combustion chamber
pressure gauge is a glow plug.
3. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier comprises first and second end sections,
wherein the first end section is attached to the housing tube and
is fixed relative to the housing tube, and the second end section
is movable relative to the housing tube.
4. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier is a sleeve.
5. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 1,
wherein the housing tube comprises an external thread, wherein the
carrier is fastened to the housing tube only between a first end of
the housing tube and the external thread.
6. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 5,
wherein the external thread is located between the sensor and the
first end of the housing tube relative to the axial direction.
7. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier protrudes from the housing tube and the sensor
is located outside the housing tube.
8. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 1,
wherein the housing tube comprises an end piece, which is attached
to a housing tube main part, and the carrier is attached at the
joint of the end piece and of the housing tube main part on the
housing tube.
9. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 8,
wherein the joint is a weld seam, which connects the carrier, the
end piece, and the housing tube main part.
10. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier is attached to the housing tube only via an
annular section.
11. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier and the housing tube are coupled via at least
one radial projection, which transfers rotational motion of the
carrier to the housing tube, and a stop surface, which the radial
projection abuts.
12. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier and the housing tube form a keyed joint.
13. A combustion chamber pressure gauge for an internal combustion
engine, comprising: a housing tube; a carrier suspended in the
housing tube; a plunger movable axially with respect to the housing
tube and to the carrier under the effect of combustion chamber
pressure; a seal disposed between the plunger and the housing tube;
and the carrier carrying a sensor configured to detect axial
displacement of the plunger, wherein the carrier has a section
adjacent the sensor that is free from connection to the housing
tube and is movable relative to the housing tube, whereby transfer
of thermal contractions and expansions from the housing tube to the
sensor are reduced.
14. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 13,
wherein the carrier comprises first and second end sections,
wherein the first end section is attached to the housing tube and
is fixed relative to the housing tube, the second end section
comprising the section adjacent the sensor that is free from
connection to the housing tube.
15. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 13,
wherein the housing tube comprises an external thread, wherein the
carrier is fastened to the housing tube only between a first end of
the housing tube and the external thread.
16. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 15,
wherein the external thread is located in an axial direction
between the sensor and an end of the housing tube.
17. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 13,
wherein the carrier and the housing tube are coupled via at least
one radial projection, which transfers rotational motion of the
carrier to the housing tube, and a stop surface, which the radial
projection abuts.
18. A combustion chamber pressure gauge for an internal combustion
engine, comprising: a housing tube; a carrier suspended in the
housing tube, the carrier having a first section affixed to the
housing tube and a second section that is free from connection to
the housing tube, the second section of the carrier and the housing
tube being movable relative to one another when the housing tube
expands or contracts; a plunger movable axially with respect to the
housing tube and to the carrier under the effect of combustion
chamber pressure; a seal disposed between the plunger and the
housing tube; and the second section of the carrier carrying a
sensor configured to detect axial displacement of the plunger,
whereby transfer of thermal contractions and expansions from the
housing tube to the sensor are reduced.
19. The combustion chamber according to claim 18, wherein the first
and section sections are end sections of the carrier.
20. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 18,
wherein the housing tube comprises an external thread, wherein the
carrier is fastened to the housing tube only between a first end of
the housing tube and the external thread.
21. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 20,
wherein the external thread is located in an axial direction
between the sensor and an end of the housing tube.
22. The combustion chamber pressure gauge according to claim 18,
wherein the first section of the carrier is affixed to the housing
tube via at least one radial projection, which transfers rotational
motion of the carrier to the housing tube, and a stop surface,
which the radial projection abuts.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to DE 10 2013 101 177.2,
filed Feb. 6, 2013, the entire disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The invention relates to a combustion chamber pressure gauge
for measuring the pressure in a combustion chamber of an internal
combustion engine. Pressure gauges of this type are generally known
from DE 10 2010 037 476 A1. In such combustion chamber pressure
gauges, a plunger is displaced against a restoring force under the
effect of combustion chamber pressure. The axial displacement of
the plunger, as the measure of the combustion chamber pressure, is
detected by means of a sensor.
SUMMARY
[0003] This disclosure teaches a way to measure combustion chamber
pressure in the engine of a motor vehicle with greater
precision.
[0004] A pressure gauge according to this disclosure can be
designed as a glow plug, in that the axially movable plunger is a
glow element. This is not required, however. In diesel engines, a
separate glow plug can also be provided in addition to a pressure
sensor, and a glow plug is not required for gasoline engines.
[0005] Within the scope of this disclosure it has been recognized
that a thermal expansion or contraction of the housing tube in
known combustion chamber pressure gauges causes the sensor to move
relative to a plunger. Similar relative movements of the sensor
relative to the plunger can also be caused by a compression of the
housing tube as a result of torque applied upon screwing into an
engine block. Such movements are difficult to distinguish from a
pressure-induced displacement of the plunger and therefore result
in a corruption of the measurement signal.
[0006] In a combustion chamber pressure gauge according to this
disclosure, the sensor is attached to a carrier, which is suspended
in a housing tube and is thereby decoupled from thermally induced
expansions or contractions of the housing tube. The suspension of
the sensor mechanically decouples or disconnects the sensor from
the housing tube. The carrier makes it possible for the sensor to
move relative to a section of the housing tube adjacent to the
sensor. An expansion or contraction of the housing tube can
therefore be compensated for by a movement of the sensor relative
to the section of the housing tube adjacent thereto, thereby
reducing or even completely preventing a corruption of the
measurement signal.
[0007] A seal is also preferably attached to the carrier. The seal
prevents combustion chamber gases from escaping from the combustion
chamber of the engine and encloses the plunger. Movements of
housing sections relative to one another that are associated with
an expansion or contraction of the housing tube are therefore not
transferred, and are transferred only very slightly to the sensor
or the seal. In a combustion chamber pressure gauge according to
this disclosure, the distance of the sensor relative to the seal is
therefore independent--to the greatest possible extent--of the
temperature of the housing tube and the installation preload. In
the case of a combustion chamber pressure gauge according to this
disclosure, the axial displacement of the plunger relative to the
sensor therefore results in a much more precise determination of
the combustion chamber pressure.
[0008] According to an advantageous refinement of this disclosure,
the carrier has a longitudinal design, and is designed as a strap
or sleeve, for example. Due to the suspension, the carrier is
attached to the housing tube only at a small portion of the length
of the carrier. Therefore, it is also only this portion of the
carrier that is affixed relative to the housing tube, for example
an end section. All the remaining sections of the carrier can move
relative to the housing when the housing expands or contracts. A
longitudinal carrier therefore decouples the distance between the
sensor and the seal from thermally induced expansions or
contractions of the housing tube in a particularly effective
manner.
[0009] According to a further advantageous refinement of this
disclosure, the carrier is attached to the housing only via an
annular section. The length of this annular section in the axial
direction is preferably less than the maximum diameter thereof. The
shorter the section of the carrier is that is attached to the
housing tube and is therefore affixed relative thereto, the better
the decoupling of the sensor from thermally induced expansions or
contractions of the housing tube. The carrier can be attached to
the housing tube by means of a single weld seam, for example. A
plurality of attachment points, e.g., weld seams or weld points,
can also be disposed next to one another in the axial direction in
the annual section, however. The length of the section via which
the carrier is attached to the housing tube is then defined by the
axial distance between the two attachment points located furthest
from one another.
[0010] According to a further advantageous refinement of this
disclosure, the housing tube comprises an external thread, wherein
the carrier is attached to the housing tube only between a first
end of the housing tube and the external thread. The carrier is
fixed relative to the housing tube only where the carrier is
attached to the housing tube. If the carrier is attached to the
housing tube only between a first end of the housing tube and the
external thread, then the carrier is only attached there relative
to the housing tube. If the carrier also extends between the second
end of the housing tube and the external thread, then the carrier
is movable there relative to the housing tube. The first end can be
the end on the combustion-chamber side, for example, that is, the
end from which, in the case of a glow plug, the plunger designed as
the glow element protrudes. It is also possible, however, for the
carrier to be attached to the housing tube only between the thread
and the end that is remote from the combustion chamber.
[0011] According to a further advantageous refinement of this
disclosure, the carrier and the housing tube are coupled via at
least one radial projection, which transfers rotational motion of
the carrier to the housing, and a stop surface, which the radial
projection abuts. A radial projection and a stop surface working
together therewith can form a keyed joint and do not limit the
axial mobility of the carrier relative to the housing tube, but
make it possible to transfer a torque from the carrier to the
housing tube. Such a keyed joint can be combined with a weld. In
this manner, the attachment of the carrier to the housing tube,
e.g., a welded joint, can be relieved of the torques occurring upon
screwing into the engine block. The radial projection and the stop
surface can be designed as a splined shaft connection, a toothed
shaft connection, a multitooth connection, or a feather key
connection, for example. The radial projection might be part of the
housing tube or part of the carrier. It is also possible that both
the housing tube and the carrier have a radial projection and a
stop surface.
[0012] Particularly good decoupling can be achieved when the
external thread is located between the sensor and the first end of
the housing tube with respect to the axial direction.
[0013] The sensor can be disposed in the housing tube or can be
located outside the housing tube, for example in that the carrier
protrudes from the housing tube.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Further details and advantages of these teachings are
explained using embodiments, with reference to the attached
drawings. Components that are identical and correspond to one
another are labelled therein using identical reference characters.
In the drawings:
[0015] FIG. 1 shows a schematic depiction of a conventional
combustion chamber pressure gauge;
[0016] FIG. 2 shows a schematic depiction of a combustion chamber
pressure gauge according to this disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 3 shows an illustrative embodiment of a combustion
chamber pressure gauge in the form of a glow plug;
[0018] FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of FIG. 1;
[0019] FIG. 5 shows a further detailed view of FIG. 1;
[0020] FIG. 6 shows a further illustrative embodiment of a
combustion chamber pressure gauge in the form of a glow plug;
[0021] FIG. 7 shows a detailed view of FIG. 6;
[0022] FIG. 8 shows a further detailed view of FIG. 6; and
[0023] FIGS. 9A-9F schematically depict various connections between
the carrier and the housing tube.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The embodiments described below are not intended to be
exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed
in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are
chosen and described so that others skilled in the art may
appreciate and understand the principles and practices of this
disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a combustion chamber
pressure gauge according to the prior art. The combustion chamber
pressure gauge has a housing tube 5 from which a plunger 1
protrudes. The plunger 1 is attached to the housing tube 5 via a
seal 4, for example a diaphragm or a bellows. When the plunger 1
moves in the longitudinal direction, the seal 4 and, possibly,
further components generate a restoring force. The strength of a
combustion chamber pressure acting on the plunger 1 determines the
extent to which the plunger 1 is pressed into the housing tube 5.
The axial displacement of the plunger 1 is detected by a sensor 2
and the combustion chamber pressure is thereby measured.
[0026] The combustion chamber pressure gauge is screwed into an
engine block by means of an external thread of the housing tube 5.
The preload generated thereby induces a compression of the tube
housing 5 and, therefore, a movement of the sensor 2 relative to
the plunger 1 and the seal 4. A movement of the sensor 2 relative
to the plunger 1 and the seal 4 can also be induced by a thermally
induced expansion or contraction of the housing tube. Such
movements of the sensor 2 relative to the plunger 1 are
substantially slower than displacements caused by changes in the
combustion pressure and, therefore, can be distinguished from the
actual useful signal and can be compensated for electronically. The
digital signal preparation required therefor is complex, however.
In addition, aliasing effects and time delays, which limit the
measurement accuracy, also occur in this case.
[0027] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a combustion chamber
pressure gauge according to this disclosure. In such a combustion
chamber pressure gauge, the sensor 2 is attached to a carrier 3,
which is suspended in the housing tube 5. One end of the carrier 3
is attached on the housing tube 5 and is therefore fixed thereto.
The other end of the carrier 3, on which the sensor 2 is disposed,
is movable relative to the housing tube 5. The sensor 2 is
therefore movable relative to the section of the housing tube 5
located closest to the sensor and is therefore decoupled from
mechanically or thermally induced expansions or contractions of the
housing tube 5. An expansion or compression of the housing tube 5
therefore has no effect or only a negligibly minor effect on the
position of the sensor 2 relative to the plunger 1. The combustion
chamber pressure can therefore be determined with improved
precision on the basis of the axial position of the plunger 1,
which is measured with the sensor 2.
[0028] FIG. 3 shows an illustrative embodiment of a combustion
chamber pressure gauge for an internal combustion engine, wherein
this combustion chamber pressure gauge is designed as a glow plug.
The plunger 1, which protrudes from the housing tube 5, is
therefore designed as a glow element. FIG. 2 shows a detailed view
of the end of the housing tube 5, on the combustion-chamber side,
having the protruding plunger 1 and the seal 4 surrounding the
plunger 1, wherein this seal can be a metallic diaphragm or a
bellows. FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the end of the housing
tube 5 that is remote from the combustion chamber.
[0029] The strength of the combustion chamber pressure determines
the extent to which the plunger 1 is pressed into the housing tube
5 against a restoring force, which is generated by the seal 4 and,
possibly, further components. The axial displacement of the plunger
1 and, therefore, the position of the plunger 1, which is dependent
on the combustion chamber pressure, are therefore determined by a
sensor 2. The sensor 2 is attached to a carrier 3, which is
suspended on the housing tube 5, and is therefore decoupled from a
thermally induced expansion or contraction of the housing tube
5.
[0030] The longitudinal carrier 3 can be a sleeve or a strap, for
example. The carrier 3 is preferably attached to the housing tube 5
only between the external thread of the housing tube 5 and the end
of the housing tube 5 on the combustion-chamber side, for example
only by means of the end section thereof depicted in FIG. 2.
[0031] The section of the carrier 3 attached to the housing tube 5
can be annular, and may have a length in the axial direction that
is smaller than the maximum diameter of this section. The carrier 3
can be attached to the housing tube 5 by welding, for example. The
section of the carrier 3 attached to the housing tube 5 is then
defined by the width of the weld seam or the axial distance from a
first weld seam to the last weld seam as viewed in the axial
direction.
[0032] If the housing tube 5 is compressed when screwed into an
engine block, the sensor 2 can move relative to the end of the
housing tube 5 remote from the combustion chamber, due to the
suspension. The sensor 2 is therefore decoupled from mechanically
or thermally induced expansions and contractions of the housing
tube 5.
[0033] In order to lower the load on the attachment of the carrier
3 on the housing tube 5 upon screwing-in, the carrier 3 and the
housing tube 5 form a keyed joint. The carrier 3 and the housing
tube 5 are provided with a key and key seat. For example the
carrier 3 and the housing tube 5 can be engaged with one another
via a feather key or some other sunk key connection, a splined
shaft connection, or a multitooth connection. In this manner, a
welded joint or any other type of connection between the carrier 3
and the housing tube 5 can be relieved of torque without limiting
the axial mobility of the carrier 3 relative to the housing tube 5.
A single radial projection on the carrier 3 or the housing tube 5,
can act as a key which works together with a stop surface acting as
a key seat. Thereby a toothed connection of the carrier 3 to the
housing tube 5 can be made. FIGS. 9A-9F show various connections
between the carrier 3 and housing tube 5 in which the housing tube
5 and/or carrier 3 includes one or more projections 11 that act as
a key which engages a stop surface of the other of the housing tube
and carrier. One of the skill in the art would readily recognize
other connection variants contemplated by these teachings.
[0034] The sensor 2 can be disposed in the housing tube 5 or
outside of the housing tube 5. In the illustrative embodiment
shown, the carrier 3 protrudes via one end section from the housing
tube 5. This end section carries the sensor 2, for example a
piezoelectric sensor or a measurement diaphragm having strain
gauges. The end of the housing tube 5 remote from the combustion
chamber can be sealed with a seal 6 made of plastic. The carrier 3
can slide in the axial direction relative to this seal 6. The
sealing element can also be designed such that this sealing element
can transfer torque when screwed in and released.
[0035] The sensor 2 can be designed as a sensor unit that contains,
in addition to a sensor diaphragm 10, a plug-in connector having a
contact for connecting the sensor 2 and, in the case of a glow
plug, a glow current connection 8.
[0036] The housing tube 5 can be formed of a plurality of parts
joined together. One end piece 7 can be attached to a housing tube
main part, for example, as shown in FIG. 2.
[0037] A further illustrative embodiment of a combustion chamber
pressure gauge is shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, in the form of a glow
plug. In contrast to the illustrative embodiment of FIGS. 3 to 5,
the housing tube 5 of this combustion chamber pressure gauge is
designed as one piece.
[0038] The seal 4, for example a metallic diaphragm or a metallic
bellows, is attached at one side to the plunger 1, for example via
soldering or welding, and is attached at the other side to the
carrier 3, for example via soldering or welding. The carrier 3, for
example a strap or a sleeve, is slid, together with the plunger 1
and the seal 4, into the housing tube 5 upon assembly. In the end
position that is reached, one end section of the carrier 3 bears
against the inside of the housing tube 5. The carrier 3 can
comprise a cover or a bulge for this purpose, for example, as shown
in FIG. 7. This end section of the carrier 3 can then be welded or
soldered to the housing tube 5. In order to simplify this, the
housing tube 5 can comprise a groove on the outer side thereof,
wherein, in the region of this groove, the housing tube 5 is heated
by means of a laser beam, for example, for welding or
soldering.
[0039] While exemplary embodiments have been disclosed hereinabove,
the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.
Instead, this application is intended to cover any variations,
uses, or adaptations of this disclosure using its general
principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such
departures from the present disclosure as come within known or
customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and
which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0040] 1 plunger [0041] 2 sensor [0042] 3 carrier [0043] 4 seal
[0044] 5 housing tube [0045] 6 seal [0046] 7 end piece [0047] 8
glow current connection [0048] 10 sensor diaphragm [0049] 11
projection
* * * * *