U.S. patent application number 14/140264 was filed with the patent office on 2014-07-31 for systems, methods and apparatus for management of a closed loop production system for use in the production of a formulation-based product.
This patent application is currently assigned to DIGITAL SITE SYSTEMS, INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is DIGITAL SITE SYSTEMS, INC.. Invention is credited to Farrokh F. RADJY.
Application Number | 20140214627 14/140264 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51224014 |
Filed Date | 2014-07-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140214627 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
RADJY; Farrokh F. |
July 31, 2014 |
SYSTEMS, METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MANAGEMENT OF A CLOSED LOOP
PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF A FORMULATION-BASED
PRODUCT
Abstract
An order relating to a formulation-based product is received,
wherein fulfilling the order requires production of the
formulation-based product at a first location, transport of the
formulation-based product in a vehicle to a second location
different from the first location, and performance of an activity
with respect to the formulation-based product at the second
location. First information relating to a first change made to the
formulation-based product at the first location is received, from
the first location, prior to transport of the formulation-based
product. Second information relating to a second change made to the
formulation-based product during transport of the formulation-based
product is received during transport of the formulation-based
product. Third information relating to the activity performed with
respect to the formulation-based product at the second location is
received from the second location.
Inventors: |
RADJY; Farrokh F.;
(Pittsburgh, PA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DIGITAL SITE SYSTEMS, INC. |
Pittsburgh |
PA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
DIGITAL SITE SYSTEMS, INC.
Pittsburgh
PA
|
Family ID: |
51224014 |
Appl. No.: |
14/140264 |
Filed: |
December 24, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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PCT/US2013/022523 |
Jan 22, 2013 |
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14140264 |
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PCT/US2013/041661 |
May 17, 2013 |
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PCT/US2013/022523 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
705/26.81 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06Q 30/0635 20130101;
G06Q 30/0637 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
705/26.81 |
International
Class: |
G06Q 30/06 20060101
G06Q030/06 |
Claims
1. A method of managing a production system, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, an order relating to a formulation-based
product, wherein fulfilling the order requires production of the
formulation-based product at a first location, transport of the
formulation-based product in a vehicle to a second location
different from the first location, and performance of an activity
with respect to the formulation-based product at the second
location; receiving, by the processor, from the first location,
prior to transport of the formulation-based product, first
information relating to a first change made to the
formulation-based product at the first location; receiving, by the
processor, during transport of the formulation-based product,
second information relating to a second change made to the
formulation-based product during transport of the formulation-based
product; and receiving, by the processor, from the second location,
third information relating to the activity performed with respect
to the formulation-based product at the second location.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation-based product is
produced based on a formulation specifying a plurality of
components and a respective quantity for each respective
component.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first location comprises a
production facility capable of producing the formulation-based
product.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first change comprises a
substitution of a selected component specified in the formulation
by a second component.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the first change comprises a
change in a quantity of a component specified in the
formulation.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the vehicle comprises one of a
truck, an automobile, a train, an airplane, and a ship.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the formulation-based product is
a concrete mixture.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the vehicle comprises a concrete
mixer truck.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second change comprises one
of an addition of water to the concrete mixture and an addition of
a selected chemical to the concrete mixture.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second location comprises a
construction site.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the activity comprises one of a
delivery of the concrete mixture to the construction site and a
laying down of the concrete mixture at the construction site.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising: displaying, on a
display screen, a selected one of the first information, second
information, and third information, and an analysis of an impact of
the selected information on a cost of the product.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation-based product is
one of a chemical compound, a petroleum-based product, a
pharmaceutical drug, and a food product.
14. A product management system comprising: a master database
module having stored therein mixtures, components used to make the
mixtures, amounts of each of the components in the mixtures, and a
first cost associated with each of the components; an input module
in communication with the master database module and transmitting
the mixtures, the components, amounts of each of the components in
the mixtures, and the first cost to the master database module; a
sales module in communication with the master database module, the
sales module receiving displays of the mixtures, the components,
amounts of each of the components in the mixtures, and the first
costs and transmitting orders of the mixtures to the master
database module from a user; a production module in communication
with a master database module and associated with a production
facility, the production module receiving orders for the mixtures,
the production facility making the mixtures and the production
module transmitting changes made to the mixtures during making of
the mixtures to the master database module; and a transport module
in communication with the master database module and associated
with a transport vehicle, the transport module transmitting to the
master database module changes made to the mixture during
transport; and an alert module in communication with the master
database module and receiving alerts of unacceptable changes to the
mixture.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the input module transmits
acceptable tolerances of the mixture to the master database module,
the master database module stores the acceptable tolerances, the
master database module generates unacceptable change alerts based
on a comparison of the acceptable tolerances to the changes.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the input module transmits
performance characteristics of the mixture to the database module,
the master database module stores the performance characteristics,
and the sales module receives from the master database module the
performance characteristics and displays the performance
characteristics.
17. The system of claim 14, wherein the input module transmits to
the master database module second costs associated with mixing the
components to make the mixture and third costs associated with
transporting the mixture to the site, the master database module
stores the second and third costs, and the sales module receives
from the master data base module and displays the second and third
costs.
18. The system of claim 14, further comprising a purchasing module
in communication with the master database module and associated
with a raw material supply facility, the purchasing module
receiving orders for components to be used to make the mixture from
the master database module and transmitting to the master database
module actual costs of components purchased and characteristics of
components purchased, the master database module storing the actual
costs and characteristics of the components purchased and comparing
the actual costs and characteristics of the components purchased to
the theoretical costs and characteristics of the components in the
mixture and transmitting an alert to the alert module if the actual
costs or actual characteristics exceed acceptable tolerances for
the theoretical costs or characteristics of the components.
19. A production management system comprising: a master database
module having stored therein a mixture formulation associated with
a mixture, components used to make the mixture formulation, and
amounts of each of the components in the mixture formulation; a
production module associated with a production facility located in
a locality, the production module being in communication with the
master database module, the production module being configured to
manage aspects of production of the mixture; a localization module
configured to: identify a local factor relating to use of a
selected component of the mixture formulation in the locality; and
generate a localized version of the mixture formulation based on
the local factor; wherein the master database module receives an
order for the mixture; wherein the master database module provides
the localized version of the mixture formulation to the production
module in response to the order; wherein the production module
causes the mixture to be produced at the production facility based
on the localized version of the mixture formulation.
20. The production management system of claim 19, further
comprising: a sales module configured to: present a plurality of
mixtures to a customer; receive the order from the customer; and
transmit the order to the master database module.
21. The production management system of claim 20, further
comprising: a transport module configured to monitor one or more
parameters during transport of the mixture from the production
facility to a delivery site; and transmit to the master database
module an alert relating to the one or more parameters.
22. The production management system of claim 19, wherein the
production module informs the master database module of changes
made to the mixture formulation during production of the
mixture.
23. The production management system of claim 19, wherein the local
factor comprises one of a local cost factor, a local product
availability factor, and a local market preference factor.
24. The production management system of claim 19, wherein the
product is one of a concrete mixture, a chemical compound, a
petroleum-based product, a pharmaceutical drug, and a food
product.
25. A method of producing a formulation-based product, the method
comprising: storing a formulation of a product, the formulation
comprising a plurality of components and respective quantities;
identifying a plurality of production facilities capable of
producing the product, each production facility associated with a
respective locality; and for each respective one of the plurality
of production facilities: identifying a factor that is associated
with the corresponding locality and relates to a particular one of
the plurality of components; and modifying the formulation, based
on the factor, to generate a localized version of the formulation
for use at the respective production facility.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising: storing the
localized version of the formulation in association with the
formulation.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein modifying the formulation
further comprises modifying a quantity associated with the
particular one of the plurality of components.
28. The method of claim 25, wherein modifying the formulation
further comprises adding a second component to the formulation.
29. The method of claim 25, further comprising: selecting a second
plurality of production facilities from among the plurality of
production facilities; and for each of the second plurality of
production facilities: transmitting, to a system associated with
the respective production facility, a respective localized version
of the formulation associated with the respective production
facility.
30. The method of claim 25, wherein the factor comprises one of a
local cost factor, a local product availability factor, and a local
market preference factor.
31. The method of claim 25, wherein the product is one of a
concrete mixture, a chemical compound, a petroleum-based product, a
pharmaceutical drug, and a food product.
32. A method of managing production and delivery of a formula-based
product, the method comprising: receiving, by a processor, from a
sales module operating on a first device different from the
processor, an order for a mixture selected from among the plurality
of mixtures, the order being associated with a purchase of the
mixture by a customer; providing, by the processor, to a production
module operating on a second device located at a production
facility capable of producing the mixture, a mixture formulation
defining a plurality of components and respective quantities
required to produce the selected mixture; receiving, by the
processor, from the production module, prior to production of the
mixture, first information identifying a modification made to the
mixture formulation; receiving, from the production module, prior
to delivery of the mixture, second information indicating an actual
quantity of the mixture produced; receiving, from a transport
module operating on a third device located on a vehicle
transporting the mixture produced from the production facility to a
delivery site, third information identifying a change made to the
mixture produced during transport of the mixture; receiving, from a
site module operating on a fourth device associated with the
delivery site, fourth information relating to delivery of the
mixture produced; receiving, from the site module, fifth
information relating to a performance of the mixture after delivery
of the mixture; and transmitting an alert when one of the first
information, the second information, the third information, the
fourth information, and the fifth information does not satisfy a
respective predetermined criterion.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the modification made to the
mixture formulation comprises a replacement of a selected component
of the mixture by an equivalent component.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the third information relates
to one of an addition of water to the mixture during transport and
of an addition of water to the mixture during transport.
35. The method of claim 34, further comprising: receiving, from the
transport module, sixth information relating to one of a
temperature detected during transport of the mixture, a length of
travel of the mixture during transport.
36. The method of claim 32, wherein the fifth information comprises
one of a measurement of an actual heat of hydration taken from a
fresh state through a hardening process, a strength characteristic
of the concrete mixture after it is hardened.
Description
[0001] This application is a Continuation-in-Part of
PCT/US2013/022523, filed Jan. 22, 2013, which claims priority from
U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/589,640, filed Jan. 23, 2012,
and a Continuation-in-Part of PCT/US2013/041661, filed May 17,
2013, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No.
61/648,682, filed May 18, 2012, the contents of each of which are
incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This specification relates generally to systems and methods
for managing a production system, and more particularly to systems
and methods for managing a production system for a
formulation-based product.
BACKGROUND
[0003] In many industries, consumers order a product based on a
specification, and subsequent to their order, the product is
manufactured based on a formulation that specifies a plurality of
components and a particular method, procedure, or recipe to be
followed. Once the product is made, it is shipped by the producer
to the consumer. In such industries where an order is placed prior
to manufacturing, orders are based on expected characteristics and
costs of the product. When the product is made at a later date, it
is important that the product be made and delivered according to
the expected characteristics and costs.
[0004] In practice, however, changes often occur during the
manufacturing and shipping process due to a variety of factors,
such as an unavailability of components, a failure to include the
correct quantity of a component specified in the recipe, or the
addition of a component that is not listed in the formulation. Such
changes may occur due to human error, either accidental or
deliberate, or due to malfunction of a device involved in the
production system, or due to unforeseen events. Furthermore, a
component specified in the formulation may be incorrectly batched,
or knowingly or unknowingly replaced with assumed equivalent
components because the raw materials are not available, or for
other reasons. One well known example is the use of either sucrose
or high fructose corn syrup in soft drinks. Typically, during
production of a soft drink, one of these two sweeteners is selected
and used depending upon the cost and availability of the sweetener
at the time when the soft drink product is manufactured.
[0005] Similar practices are used in the ready mix concrete
industry. A given mixture of concrete, defined by a particular
formulation (specifying types of components and quantities
thereof), may be produced differently at different production
facilities and/or at different times, depending a variety of
factors. For example, the types and quantities of cement and
Pozzolanic cementitious materials, chemicals, different types of
aggregates used often varies between batches, due to human error,
or for reasons which may be specific to the time and location of
production. Some components may not be available in all parts of
the world, a component may be incorrectly batched, components may
be replaced deliberately or accidentally, etc. Furthermore, in the
ready mix concrete industry, it is common for changes in the mixed
composition to occur during transport of the product. For example,
water and/or chemicals may be added due to weather, or due to the
length of time spent in transit to the site where the ready mix
concrete is poured. Changes to a mixture may also occur during the
batching process. For example, an incorrect amount of a critical
component such as water or cementitious may be added. Similarly, an
incorrect amount of fly ash or other pozzolans, such as slag, may
be used to make the cementitious portion.
[0006] Due to the reasons set forth above, a customer often
receives a product which differs from the product ordered. The
quality of the product may not meet expectations. Furthermore, any
change made to a product may impact the producer's cost and
profits.
[0007] In addition, in many industries, various activities
important to a producer's business, such as sales, purchasing of
raw materials, production, and transport, are conducted
independently of one another. The disjointed nature of the sales,
purchasing of raw materials, production, and transport creates an
additional hindrance to the producer's, and the customer's, ability
to control the quality and cost of the final product.
[0008] Accordingly, there is a need for improved production
management systems that provide, to producers and to customers,
greater control over various aspects of the production system used
to produce a product, and thereby provide greater control over
quality and costs.
SUMMARY
[0009] In accordance with an embodiment, a production management
system is provided. The production management system is used in the
production of a product made from a formulation specifying a
mixture of individual components, where the customer orders the
product prior to its manufacture. System and methods described
herein allow a user to manage costs, and the quality of the
product, from the point of order, through the production process,
transport of the product, and delivery of the product to the
customer. In one embodiment, a master database module communicates
with the sales, purchasing, manufacturing and shipping systems to
monitor and control costs and quality of the product at various
stages in the sales, production, and delivery cycles.
[0010] In one embodiment, systems used for sales, purchasing of raw
materials, manufacturing of the product, and shipping of a product
are tied together to allow for the management and control of cost
and quality of the product. Systems and methods described herein
allow for different ownership of different data while allowing
others to use the data so as to perform their function. Thus, a
user may own the mixture data but allow the manufacturer to use the
mixture data in order to make the product. Such ownership is
accomplished by having a single gateway to add data to the system
and by using a single master database.
[0011] By using a single master database which stores all of the
data relating to the mixture, the components to make the mixture,
the method to make the mixture, specifics about the products to
include its costs, methods of shipment as well as costs associated
with each one of these items, quality and costs are managed during
production.
[0012] Furthermore, changes made at any point during the
manufacturing process are transmitted to the master database so
that a record is maintained on the product. This allows real time
costs and real time quality control of the product. Thus,
variations are minimized between budget goals and operations, both
theoretically and actually.
[0013] In addition, alerts may be issued when the actual values
vary from the theoretical values. Thus, if one component is
replaced with an equivalent, the master database is notified and an
alert may be generated if the replacement component is not within
specified tolerances. Alternatively, if one or more components are
batched in the manufacturing process in amounts exceeding specified
tolerances as compared to the target, theoretical amounts for each
component, then an alert may be issued.
[0014] By tying together the systems used for sales, purchasing of
components and raw materials, maintaining formulations of mixtures,
production of the mixtures and products and the shipping of the
products, through a master database, improved management of quality
and costs may be achieved.
[0015] Actual and theoretical data may be captured and stored in
the master database. Comparisons between theoretical and actual
values are made and alerts are generated when the actual falls
outside the tolerances set by the theoretical. Such alerts are done
in real time because each of the separate units used for
purchasing, manufacturing and transport provide feedback to the
master database.
[0016] Accordingly, in one embodiment, a method of managing a
production system is provided. An order relating to a
formulation-based product is received, wherein fulfilling the order
requires production of the formulation-based product at a first
location, transport of the formulation-based product in a vehicle
to a second location different from the first location, and
performance of an activity with respect to the formulation-based
product at the second location. The order may be received by a
processor such as a master database module linked to a network, for
example. First information relating to a first change made to the
formulation-based product at the first location is received, from
the first location, prior to transport of the formulation-based
product. Second information relating to a second change made to the
formulation-based product during transport of the formulation-based
product is received during transport of the formulation-based
product. Third information relating to the activity performed with
respect to the formulation-based product at the second location is
received from the second location.
[0017] In one embodiment, the formulation-based product is produced
based on a formulation specifying a plurality of components and a
respective quantity for each respective component. The formulation
may also specify a method of manufacturing the product.
[0018] In another embodiment, the first location comprises a
production facility capable of producing the formulation-based
product.
[0019] The first change may comprise a substitution of a selected
component specified in the formulation by a second component.
Alternatively, the first change may comprise a change in a quantity
of a component specified in the formulation.
[0020] In another embodiment, the vehicle comprises a truck, an
automobile, a train, an airplane, or a ship.
[0021] In another embodiment, the formulation-based product is a
concrete mixture, and the vehicle comprises a concrete mixer truck.
The second change comprises one of an addition of water to the
concrete mixture and an addition of a selected chemical to the
concrete mixture. The second location may comprise a construction
site, for example. The activity may comprise, for example, delivery
of the concrete mixture to the construction site and/or laying down
of the concrete mixture at the construction site.
[0022] In other embodiments, the formulation-based product may be
any type of product that is manufactured based on a formulation.
For example, the formulation-based product may be a chemical
compound or other type of chemical-based product, a petroleum-based
product, a food product, a pharmaceutical drug, etc. Systems,
apparatus and methods described herein may be used in the
production of these and other formulation-based products.
[0023] In accordance with another embodiment, a production
management system comprises the components set forth below: [0024]
a master data module having stored therein mixtures, components
used to make the mixtures, amounts of each of the components in the
mixtures and a first cost associated with each of the components;
[0025] an input module in communication with the master database
module and transmitting the mixtures, the components, amounts of
each of the components in the mixtures, and first cost to the
master database module; [0026] a sales module in communication with
the master database module, the sales module receiving displays of
the mixtures, the components, amounts of each of the components in
the mixtures, and the first costs, and the sales module
transmitting orders of the mixtures to the master database module
from a user of the sales module; [0027] a production module in
communication with the master database module and associated with a
production facility, the production module receiving orders for
the, mixtures, the production facility makes the mixtures and the
production module transmitting changes made to the mixture during
making of the mixture to the master database module; [0028] a
transport module in communication with the master database module
and associated with a transport vehicle, the transport vehicle
receiving the mixture from the production facility and transporting
the mixture to a site, and the transport module transmitting
changes made to the mixture during transport of the mixture to the
site to the master database module; and [0029] an alert module in
communication with a master database module and receiving alerts of
unacceptable changes to the mixture from the master database module
and forwarding the same to the user.
[0030] In one embodiment, the input module transmits acceptable
tolerances of the mixtures to the master database module and the
master database module stores the acceptable tolerances, and the
master database module generates the unacceptable change alerts
based on a comparison of acceptable tolerances and the changes.
[0031] The input module may transmit performance characteristics of
the mixture to the master database module. The master database
module stores the performance characteristics, and the sales module
receives from the master database module the performance
characteristics and displays the performance characteristics to the
sales module.
[0032] The input module may transmit to the master database module,
second costs associated with mixing the components to make the
mixture and third costs associated with transporting the mixture to
the site. The master-database module stores the second and third
costs and the sales module receives from the master database module
and displays the second and third costs.
[0033] The system may also include a purchasing module in
communication with the master database module and associated with a
raw materials supply facility. The purchasing module receives
orders for the raw materials used to make the mixture from the
master database module and transmit to the master database module
actual costs of the components purchased. The master database
module compares the actual costs of components purchased to a
theoretical cost of components and transmits an alert to the alert
module if the actual costs of the component exceed an acceptable
tolerance for the theoretical costs of the components. Purchased
raw materials are sent to the production facility.
[0034] In accordance with another embodiment, a production
management system is provided. The system comprises a master
database module having stored therein a mixture formulation
associated with a mixture, components used to make the mixture
formulation, and amounts of each of the components in the mixture
formulation, and a production module associated with a production
facility located in a locality, the production module being in
communication with the master database module, the production
module being configured to manage aspects of production of the
mixture. The system also includes a localization module configured
to identify a local factor relating to use of a selected component
of the mixture formulation in the locality, and generate a
localized version of the mixture formulation based on the local
factor. The master database module receives an order for the
mixture. The master database module provides the localized version
of the mixture formulation to the production module in response to
the order. The production module causes the mixture to be produced
at the production facility based on the localized version of the
mixture formulation.
[0035] The system may also include a sales module configured to
present a plurality of mixtures to a customer, receive the order
from the customer, and transmit the order to the master database
module.
[0036] In one embodiment, the system further comprises a transport
module configured to monitor one or more parameters during
transport of the mixture from the production facility to a delivery
site, and to transmit to the master database module an alert
relating to the one or more parameters.
[0037] In another embodiment, the production module informs the
master database module of changes made to the mixture formulation
during production of the mixture.
[0038] In accordance with another embodiment, a method of producing
a formulation-based product is provided. A formulation of a
product, comprising a plurality of components and respective
quantities, is stored, for example, in a database. A plurality of
production facilities capable of producing the product are
identified, each production facility being associated with a
respective locality. For each respective one of the plurality of
production facilities, a series of steps is performed, including
identifying a factor that is associated with the corresponding
locality and relates to a particular one of the plurality of
components, and modifying the formulation, based on the factor, to
generate a localized version of the formulation for use at the
respective production facility.
[0039] In one embodiment, the localized version of the formulation
is stored in association with the formulation. Modifying the
formulation may further comprise modifying a quantity associated
with the particular one of the plurality of components. Modifying
the formulation may also comprises adding a second component to the
formulation.
[0040] In another embodiment, a second plurality of production
facilities is selected from among the plurality of production
facilities. For each of the second plurality of production
facilities, a respective localized version of the formulation
associated with the respective production facility is transmitted
to a system associated with the respective production facility.
[0041] In another embodiment, the factor comprises one of a local
cost factor, a local product availability factor, and a local
market preference factor.
[0042] In accordance with another embodiment, a method of managing
production and delivery of a formula-based product is provided. An
order for a mixture selected from among the plurality of mixtures,
the order being associated with a purchase of the mixture by a
customer, is received, by a processor, from a sales module
operating on a first device different from the processor. A mixture
formulation defining a plurality of components and respective
quantities required to produce the selected mixture is provided, by
the processor, to a production module operating on a second device
located at a production facility capable of producing the mixture.
First information identifying a modification made to the mixture
formulation is received, by the processor, from the production
module, prior to production of the mixture. Second information
indicating an actual quantity of the mixture produced is received,
from the production module, prior to delivery of the mixture. Third
information identifying a change made to the mixture produced
during transport of the mixture is received, from a transport
module operating on a third device located on a vehicle
transporting the mixture produced from the production facility to a
delivery site. Fourth information relating to delivery of the
mixture produced is received, from a site module operating on a
fourth device associated with the delivery site. Fifth information
relating to a performance of the mixture after delivery of the
mixture is received from the site module. An alert is transmitted
when one of the first information, the second information, the
third information, the fourth information, and the fifth
information does not satisfy a respective predetermined
criterion.
[0043] In one embodiment, the modification made to the mixture
formulation comprises a replacement of a selected component of the
mixture by an equivalent component.
[0044] In another embodiment, the third information relates to one
of an addition of water to the mixture during transport and of an
addition of water to the mixture during transport.
[0045] In another embodiment, sixth information relating to one of
a temperature detected during transport of the mixture, a length of
travel of the mixture during transport is received from the
transport module.
[0046] In another embodiment, the fifth information comprises one
of a measurement of an actual heat of hydration taken from a fresh
state through a hardening process, a strength characteristic of the
concrete mixture after it is hardened.
[0047] These and other advantages of the present disclosure will be
apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reference to the
following Detailed Description and the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0048] FIG. 1A illustrates a product management system in
accordance with an embodiment;
[0049] FIG. 1B shows an exemplary menu that may be presented to a
customer in accordance with an embodiment;
[0050] FIG. 1C is a flowchart of a method of management a
production system in accordance with an embodiment;
[0051] FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method of producing a mixture in
accordance with an embodiment;
[0052] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method of handling an order
received from a production facility in accordance with an
embodiment;
[0053] FIG. 4 illustrates a method of responding to an alert when a
production facility replaces an ingredient with a known equivalent,
in accordance with an embodiment;
[0054] FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method of responding to an alert
indicating a difference between a batched quantity and a specified
quantity in accordance with an embodiment;
[0055] FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method of managing
transport-related data in accordance with an embodiment;
[0056] FIG. 7A shows a production management system in accordance
with another embodiment;
[0057] FIG. 7B shows a production management system in accordance
with another embodiment;
[0058] FIG. 7C shows a production management system in accordance
with another embodiment;
[0059] FIG. 8 illustrates a system for the management of localized
versions of a mixture formulation in accordance with an
embodiment;
[0060] FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method of generating localized
versions of a mixture formulation in accordance with an
embodiment;
[0061] FIG. 10 shows a mixture formulation and several localized
versions of the mixture formulation in accordance with an
embodiment;
[0062] FIGS. 11A-11B illustrate a system for synchronizing versions
of a mixture formulation in accordance with an embodiment;
[0063] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method of synchronizing a
localized version of a mixture formulation with a master version of
the mixture formulation in accordance with an embodiment;
[0064] FIGS. 13A-13B comprise a flowchart of a method of managing a
closed-loop production system in accordance with an embodiment;
[0065] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary web page that displays
information relating to purchase, production and delivery of a
mixture in accordance with an embodiment; and
[0066] FIG. 15 is a high-level block diagram of an exemplary
computer that may be used to implement certain embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0067] In accordance with embodiments described herein, systems and
methods of managing a closed-loop production management system used
for production and delivery of a formulation-based product are
provided. Systems, apparatus and methods described herein are
applicable to a number of industries, including, without
limitation, the food manufacturing industry, the paint industry,
the fertilizer industry, the chemicals industry, the oil refining
industry, the pharmaceuticals industry, agricultural chemical
industry and the ready mix concrete industry.
[0068] In accordance with an embodiment, a method of managing a
closed loop production system is provided. An order relating to a
formulation-based product is received, wherein fulfilling the order
requires production of the formulation-based product at a first
location, transport of the formulation-based product in a vehicle
to a second location different from the first location, and
performance of an activity with respect to the formulation-based
product at the second location. First information relating to a
first change made to the formulation-based product at the first
location is received, from the first location, prior to transport
of the formulation-based product. Second information relating to a
second change made to the formulation-based product during
transport of the formulation-based product is received during
transport of the formulation-based product. Third information
relating to the activity performed with respect to the
formulation-based product at the second location is received from
the second location. The first, second, and third information are
stored in a data structure, and may be displayed with an analysis
of the impact of selected information on the cost of the
product.
[0069] In one illustrative embodiment, systems, apparatus and
methods described herein are employed in a closed-loop production
management system used for production and delivery of a ready mix
concrete product. A processor receives, in real time, an order
relating to a sale of a concrete mixture associated with a mixture
formulation, first information identifying a modification made to
the mixture formulation prior to production of the concrete
mixture, second information indicating an actual quantity of the
concrete mixture produced, third information identifying a change
made to the concrete mixture produced during transport of the
mixture, fourth information relating to delivery of the mixture
produced, and fifth information relating to performance of the
mixture after delivery. The first information, second information,
third information, fourth information and fifth information are
stored in a data structure, such as a database, for example. An
alert is transmitted when one of the first information, the second
information, the third information, and the fourth information does
not satisfy a respective predetermined criterion.
[0070] In one embodiment, the processor operates within a product
management system comprising a plurality of modules operating at
independent locations associated with various stages of the
ordering, production, transport and delivery of the product.
[0071] In accordance with an embodiment, the product is a
formulation-based product. In one embodiment, the product is a
formulation-based concrete product. In other embodiments, the
formulation-based product may be any type of product that is
manufactured based on a formulation. For example, the
formulation-based product may be a chemical compound or other type
of chemical-based product, a petroleum-based product, a food
product, a pharmaceutical drug, etc. Systems, apparatus and methods
described herein may be used in the production of these and other
formulation-based products.
[0072] FIG. 1A illustrates a production management system in
accordance with an embodiment. Product management system 10
includes a master database module 11, an input module 12, a sales
module 13, a production module 14, a transport module 15, a site
module 16, an alert module 17 and a purchasing module 18.
[0073] Master database module 11 may be implemented using a server
computer equipped with a processor, a memory and/or storage, a
screen and a keyboard, for example. Modules 12-18 may be
implemented by suitable computers or other processing devices with
screens for displaying and keep displaying data and keyboards for
inputting data to the module.
[0074] Master database module 11 maintains one or more product
formulations associated with respective products. In the
illustrative embodiment, formulations are stored in a database;
however, in other embodiments, formulations may be stored in
another type of data structure. Master database module 11 also
stores other data related to various aspects of production
management system 10. For example, master database module may store
information concerning acceptable tolerances for various
components, mixtures, production processes, etc., that may be used
in system 10 to produce various products. Stored tolerance
information may include tolerances regarding technical/physical
aspects of components and processes, and may also include
tolerances related to costs. Master database module 11 may also
store cost data for various components and processes that may be
used in system 10.
[0075] Each module 12-16 and 18 transmits data to master database
module 11 by communication lines 21-26, respectively. Master
database module 11 transmits data to modules 13, 14, 17 and 18 by
communication lines 31-34, respectively. Each communication line
21-26 and 31-34 may comprise a direct communication link such as a
telephone line, or may be a communication link established via a
network such as the Internet, or another type of network such as a
wireless network, a wide area network, a local area network, an
Ethernet network, etc.
[0076] Alert module 17 transmits alerts to customers by
communication line 35 to site module 16.
[0077] Master database module 11 stores data inputted from modules
12-16 and 18. Master database module 11 stores data in a memory or
storage using a suitable data structure such as a database. In
other embodiments, other data structures may be used. In some
embodiments, master database module 11 may store data remotely, for
example, in a cloud-based storage network.
[0078] Input module 12 transmits to master database module 11 by
communication line 21 data for storage in the form of mixture
formulations associated with respective mixtures, procedures for
making the mixtures, individual ingredients or components used to
make the mixture, specifics about the components, the theoretical
costs for each component, the costs associated with mixing the
components so as to make the product or mixture, the theoretical
characteristics of the product, acceptable tolerances for
variations in the components used to make the product, the time for
making and delivering the product to the site and costs associated
shipping the product.
[0079] The terms "product" and "mixture" are used interchangeably
herein.
[0080] Data transmitted by input module 12 to master database
module 11 and stored in master database module 11 may be historical
in nature. Such historical data may be used by the sales personal
through sales module 13 to make sales of the product.
[0081] In one embodiment, sales module 13 receives product data by
communication line 31 from master database module 11 relating to
various products or mixtures that are managed by system 10, the
components that make up those products/mixtures, the theoretical
costs associates with the components, making the mixture and
delivery of the mixture, times for delivery of the mixture and
theoretical characteristics and performance specifications of the
product.
[0082] Sales module 13 may present all or a portion of the product
data to a customer in the form of a menu of options. FIG. 1B shows
an exemplary menu 55 that may be presented to a customer in
accordance with an embodiment. Menu 55 comprises a list of mixtures
available for purchase, including Mixture A (61), Mixture B (62),
Mixture C (63), etc. Each mixture shown in FIG. 1B represents a
product offered for sale. For example, each mixture may be a
respective concrete mixture that may be purchased by a customer.
Menu 55 is illustrative only; in other embodiments, a menu may
display other information not shown in FIG. 1B. For example, a menu
may display the components used in each respective mixture, the
price of each mixture, etc.
[0083] From the menu, the customer may choose one or more products
to purchase. For example, a customer may purchase Mixture A (61) by
selecting a Purchase button (71). When the customer selects a
mixture (by pressing Purchase button (71), for example), sales
module 13 generates an order for the selected mixture and transmits
the order by communication line 22 to master database module 11.
The order may specify the mixture selected by the customer, the
components to be used to make the selected mixture, a specified
quantity to be produced, the delivery site, the delivery date for
the product, etc. An order may include other types of
information.
[0084] In accordance with an embodiment, the customer may input a
specialty product into system 10. Such input may be accomplished
through input module 12.
[0085] Customer orders are transmitted to master database module
11. Master database module 11 uses an integrated database system to
manage information relating to the orders, as well as the
production, transport, and delivery of the ordered products. FIG.
1C is a flowchart of a method of managing a production system in
accordance with an embodiment. At step 81, an order relating to a
formulation-based product is received, wherein fulfilling the order
requires production of the formulation-based product at a first
location, transport of the formulation-based product in a vehicle
to a second location different from the first location, and
performance of an activity with respect to the formulation-based
product at the second location. As described above, the customer's
order is transmitted to master database module 11. Master database
module receives the order from sales module 13, and stores the
order.
[0086] Based on the order inputted to master database module 11,
master database module 11 places a production order for production
of the product to production module 14 by communication line 32.
Production module 14 is located at a production facility capable of
manufacturing the purchased product in accordance with the
order.
[0087] In the illustrative embodiment, the product is a
formulation-based product. Thus, the product may be produced based
on a formulation defining a plurality of components and respective
quantities for each of the components. The formulation may also
specify a method, or recipe, for manufacturing the product. The
production order provided to the production module 14 may include
the mixture or product to be made, the components to be used to
make the mixture or product, the specifics about the individual
components, the method to make the mixture and the delivery dates.
The product is produced at the production facility and placed in a
vehicle for transport to a delivery site specified in the
order.
[0088] At step 83, first information relating to a first change
made to the formulation-based product at the first location is
received from the first location, prior to transport of the
formulation-based product. If any changes are made to the product
at the production facility, production module 14 transmits
information relating to such changes to master database module 11.
For example, a particular component specified in the formulation
may be replaced by an equivalent component. In another example, a
quantity of a selected component specified in the formulation may
be altered. Master database module 11 receives and stores such
information.
[0089] At step 85, second information relating to a second change
made to the formulation-based product during transport of the
formulation-based product is received during transport of the
formulation-based product. If any changes are made to the product
during transport of the product, transport module 15 transmits
information relating to such changes to master database module 11.
Master database module 11 receives and stores such information.
[0090] Upon arrival at the specified delivery site, the product is
delivered. At step 87, third information relating to the activity
performed with respect to the formulation-based product at the
second location is received from the second location. For example,
site module 16 may transmit to master database module 11
information indicating the time of delivery, or information
relating to the performance of the product after delivery.
[0091] In the illustrative embodiment, information transmitted
among module 11-19, and to a producer or customer, may be
transmitted in the form of an alert. An alert may be any suitable
form of communication. For example, an alert may be transmitted as
an electronic communication, such as an email, a text message, etc.
Alternatively, an alert may be transmitted as an automated voice
message, or in another form.
[0092] In one embodiment, information is transmitted to master
database module 11 in real time. For example, strict rules may be
applied requiring that any information concerning changes to a
product that is obtained by any module (including production module
14, purchase module 18, transport module 15, site module 16, etc.)
be transmitted to master database module 11 within a predetermined
number of milliseconds.
[0093] Various embodiments are discussed in further detail
below.
[0094] As described above, in some embodiments, the product is made
at a production facility in accordance with a predetermined
formulation. Production module 14 operates at the production
facility and has stored data as to the specifics of the individual
components or raw ingredients on hand at the facility. FIG. 2 is a
flowchart of a method of producing a mixture in accordance with an
embodiment. At step 210, an order to make a product/mixture from
specified components is received. Referring to block 220, if the
exact components or ingredients are in stock, the production
facility proceeds to make the mixture/product (step 230). If the
production facility does not have on hand the exact components
needed to make the mixture/product, then the method proceeds to
step 260 and determines whether an equivalent component is in
stock. If an equivalent component is in stock, the method proceeds
to step 270. At step 270, production module 14 makes the product
using the equivalent component and alerts master database module 11
of the change. Such a replacement may change the cost of the raw
materials and/or the characteristics of the mixture/product which
is finally made.
[0095] Returning to block 260, if there is no equivalent component
in stock, the production module 14 may send an order by
communication line 32 to master database module 11 (step 240) for
the specified component (or for the equivalent component). When the
order is received, production module 14 makes the product (step
250).
[0096] In another embodiment, production module 14 alerts master
database module 11 if the method of manufacture specified in a
mixture formulation is modified. For example, a step of the method
may be changed or eliminated, or a new step may be added. Master
database module stores information related to the change. Master
database module 11 may also determine if the change is within
acceptable tolerances and alert the customer if it is not within
acceptable tolerances. For example, master database module 11 may
compare the modified method to stored tolerance information to
determine if the modified method is acceptable.
[0097] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method of handling an order
received from a production facility in accordance with an
embodiment. At step 310, an order is received from production
module 14, by master database module 11. At step 320, master
database module 11 places an order by communication line 34 to
purchase module 18 to purchase the needed components or raw
materials. Purchase module 18 transmits by communication line 26
the specifics of the components that it has purchased and the
estimated delivery date to the production facility as well as the
costs associated with the component. Purchase module 18 is
associated with a raw material/component supply facility. At step
340, master database module 11 receives the specifics on the
components actually purchased by purchase module 18.
[0098] Referring to block 350, if the components purchased (by
purchase module 18) are the same as the order placed, the method
proceeds to step 380, and the product is shipped to the production
facility. If the components purchased (by purchase module 18)
differ from those specified in the order, the method proceeds to
block 360. Master database module 11 compares the components
purchased, either those replaced by the production facility or
those purchased by the purchase module 18, to stored tolerance
information (which may include tolerances regarding
physical/technical aspects of a component and/or cost tolerances).
Referring to block 360, if the replacement components fall within
acceptable tolerances both for performance characteristics and
cost, then production is continued and, at step 370, the order is
shipped to the production facility. If the cost or characteristics
of the raw ingredients fall outside acceptable tolerances, then the
method proceeds to step 390. At step 390, master database 11
transmits an alert by communication line 33 to alert module 17 and
the components are shipped to the production facility. Alert module
17 receives the alert from master database module 11 and, in
response, transmits by communication lines 35 an alert to the
customer. As shown in FIG. 1, the alert from alert module 17 is
transmitted by communication lines 35 to site module 16.
[0099] FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method of responding to an alert
in accordance with an embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 4 illustrates
a method of responding to an alert when a production facility
replaces an exact ingredient with a known equivalent, in accordance
with an embodiment. At step 410, an alert indicating an equivalent
replacement is received by master database module 11 from
production module 14. Referring to block 420, a determination is
made by master database module 11 whether the equivalent component
is within acceptable tolerances. If the equivalent component is
within acceptable tolerances, the method proceeds to step 430 and
the product is made. Master database module 11 instructs production
module 14 to proceed with manufacturing the mixture. If the
equivalent component is not within acceptable tolerances, the
method proceeds to step 440. At step 440, and an alert is
transmitted and the product is made. For example, an alert may be
transmitted by master database module 11 or by alert module 17 to
the customer.
[0100] At step 450, the variances of actual versus theoretical cost
and performance factors are stored at master database module
11.
[0101] As described above, production module 14 receives
instructions from master database module 11, prior to production of
a mixture, specifying the recipe and components required for
producing the mixture. However, from time to time the batched
amounts of each component (i.e., the amount of each component in
the batch actually produced) differs from the amounts specified in
the recipe received from master database module 11 due to
statistical or control factors.
[0102] When quantity variances are outside the specified
tolerances, alerts are transmitted and the actual amounts produced,
and cost variances from target costs, are provided to master
database module 11. FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method of responding
to an alert indicating a difference between a batched quantity and
a specified recipe quantity in accordance with an embodiment. At
step 510, an alert is received indicating a difference between a
batched quantity and a specified recipe quantity. The alert
typically indicates variances of actual versus theoretical cost and
performance factors. Referring to block 520, if the differences are
within acceptable tolerances, the method proceeds to step 530 and
the product is delivered. If the differences are not within
acceptable tolerances, the method proceeds to step 540. At step
540, an alert is transmitted and the product is delivered. An alert
may be transmitted to the customer, for example. At step 550, the
variances of actual versus theoretical cost and performance factors
are stored at master database module 11. In other embodiments,
variances are not stored.
[0103] After production of the mixture, the production facility
uses one or more transport vehicles to transport the
product/mixture from the production facility to the customer's
site. Such transport vehicles may include trucks, automobiles,
trains, airplanes, ships, etc. Each transport vehicle is equipped
with a transport module such as transport module 15. Transport
module 15 transmits by communication line 24 to master database 11
information concerning the transport of the product/mixture. The
information concerning the transport can include changes which are
made to the mixture during transport (e.g., addition of water or
other chemicals), the length of travel, temperatures during
transport, or other events that occur during transport. For
example, in the ready mix concrete industry it is common for a
truck transporting the mixture from the production facility to a
delivery site to add water and/or chemicals during the transport
process. Information indicating such addition of chemicals or water
is transmitted to master database module 11 by communication line
24. Furthermore, in the ready mix concrete industry, measuring and
recording the temperature of the concrete during transport is
advantageous for several reasons: (a) such data can be used to
determine a maturity value per ASTM c1074; (b) such data, in
combination with reference heat of hydration data may be used to
determine degree of hydration attained during transport; (c) the
data, in combination with reference strength and heat of hydration
data may be used to determine pre-placement strength loss due to
pre-hydration prior to discharge of the concrete at project
site.
[0104] The transport-related information is transmitted by
transport module 15 to master database module 11. For example, such
information may be transmitted in the form of an alert. The
information is analyzed by master database module 11 to determine
whether the changes that are made are within acceptable tolerances.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method of managing transport-related
data in accordance with an embodiment.
[0105] At step 610, information indicating changes to a mixture
during transport is received from a transport module. For example,
master database module 11 may receive an alert from transport
module 15 indicating that changes occurred to a mixture during
transport of the mixture. Referring to block 620, a determination
is made whether the changes are within acceptable tolerances. If
the changes are within acceptable tolerances, the method proceeds
to step 630. At step 630, the product/mixture is delivered to the
customer's site. If the changes are not within acceptable
tolerances, the method proceeds to step 640. At step 640, an alert
is transmitted to the customer and the product/mixture is
delivered. Alerts to the customer may be issued by alert module 17,
or by master database module 11. At step 650, the information
concerning changes occurring during transport is saved at master
database module 11. In other embodiments, information concerning
changes is not stored.
[0106] In the illustrative embodiment, the customer's site or
location is equipped with site module 16, which transmits to master
database module 11, by communication line 25, information about the
mixture of product that is delivered to the site. Such information
may include, for example, information indicating the actual
performance of the product/mixture as delivered. Master database
module 11 stores the actual performance data. Master database
module 11 may provide to the customer a report concerning various
aspects of the actual product delivered.
[0107] Site module 16 may also receive alerts from alert module 17
by communication line 35.
[0108] In the illustrative embodiment, alert module 17 is a module
separate from master database module 11. However, in other
embodiments, the functions of alert module 17 may be performed by
master database module 11.
[0109] Alert module 17 may also transmit final reports concerning
the products to site module 16, thereby enabling the seller and the
customer a way of managing the product. Feedback provided
throughout the production process, as illustrated above,
advantageously allows the customer and the manufacturer to manage
costs and quality of the products.
[0110] The alert functions described above facilitate the process
of managing production and costs. In response to any alert, the
customer or the manufacturer has the ability to make a decision not
to continue the production or delivery of the product because the
product has fallen outside of acceptable tolerances.
[0111] While the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 1A includes only
one production module, one transport module, one site module, one
alert module, one purchase module, one input module, and one sales
module, in other embodiments, a system may include a plurality of
production modules, a plurality of transport modules, a plurality
of site modules, a plurality of alert modules, a plurality of
purchase modules, a plurality of input modules, and/or a plurality
of sales modules. For example, in an illustrative embodiment,
suppose that a system used by a company in the ready mix concrete
industry includes a master database module 11 residing and
operating on a server computer located in Pittsburgh, Pa. The
company's sales force may be located in Los Angeles, Calif., where
the sales module 13 resides and operates (on a computer). Suppose
that a sale is made in Los Angeles, and the purchase order
specifies a site in San Francisco, Calif. Thus, master database
module 11 may output an order to a production module 14 which is
located at a ready mix production facility in the vicinity of San
Francisco, Calif. Suppose further that a single production facility
in the vicinity of San Francisco cannot handle the volume of the
concrete that is needed for the job site in San Francisco. In such
a case, master database module 11 may output to a plurality of
production facilities, each having a production module 14, the
necessary orders for fulfillment. Thus, the system includes a
plurality of production modules, one in each of the various
production facilities. The production facilities produce the
specified mixture and transport the ready mix concrete in a
plurality of trucks to the customer site in San Francisco. Each
truck has a transport module associated therewith. Suppose that one
or more of the production modules does not have the specific
components that were specified in the purchase order for the
concrete. Thus, adjustments may be made at the production facility
to the concrete mixes, and information concerning such adjustments
are transmitted back to the master data base module 11. Such
adjustment information may be processed in accordance with the
steps illustrated in FIGS. 3 and/or 4.
[0112] During the transport of the ready mix concrete from the
various production facilities, the transport modules 15 in each of
the trucks transmit to the master database module 11 any changes
made to the mixture. The master database module 11 may then perform
the method described FIG. 6. In a similar manner, master database
module 11 is informed of any changes occurring during production
and, as a result, master database module 11 may perform the method
described in FIG. 5.
[0113] Finally, the concrete is delivered to the customer site in
San Francisco and information concerning the delivered concrete may
be transmitted to the master database module 11. The site module 16
may also be used to provide the master database module 11 with
information relating to one or more of the following: measurements
of the actual heat of hydration taken from the fresh state through
the hardening process, strength characteristics of the concrete
after it is hardened, etc. Advantageously, the feedback provided in
this manner to master database module 11 from the various modules
enables the customer of the concrete in Los Angeles to monitor, on
a real time basis, the concrete poured at the customer's
construction site in San Francisco, without having to physically be
in San Francisco.
[0114] Furthermore, the customer in Los Angeles may monitor, on a
real time basis, costs associated with the concrete which is
delivered to the site in San Francisco.
[0115] Furthermore, the ready mix concrete producer may associate,
in real time, variances in one or more parameters relating to the
concrete's performance from specified expectations, and correlate
such variances to actual batched versus the expected specified
recipe. These capabilities advantageously allow the maintenance of
consistent, low standard deviation production batching from a
mixture recipe baseline, and production of concrete that has a
consistent strength performance with a low standard deviation.
[0116] Changes in materials may impact a producer's cost of
materials (COM). An increase in COM can in turn impact the
producer's profitability. In many instances, any increase (in
percentage terms) in the COM results in a much greater impact on
profitability (in percentage terms). For example, it has been
observed that, using ACI 318 statistical quality criteria, it can
be demonstrated that each 1% cement or water variance from the mix
design theoretical recipe value can result in a cost impact of
around $0.2 to $0.4 per cubic yard. Since such variances can
typically range from 2% to 10%, the cost impact may range from $0.4
to $10 per cubic yard annually. This cost impact is a very large
percentage of the average profit of a producer in the ready mix
concrete industry, which is on the order of $1/cubic yard.
[0117] Advantageously, the integrated production management system
and method described herein enables a producer to manage the
overall production system for ready mix concrete, and allows
greater control over changes that may impact the producer's costs
(and profits). The integrated production management system and
method described herein also provides a customer increased control
over the customer's construction site.
[0118] For convenience, several examples relating to the ready mix
concrete industry are described below.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION & MANUFACTURING/PRODUCTION EXAMPLES
Examples are Provided for Three Different Market Segments
[0119] A. Ready Mix Concrete
[0120] B. Contractors
[0121] C. State Authorities
Closed Loop Solutions (CLS) Overview
[0122] Set forth below is a discussion of a closed loop solution
(CLS) in accordance with an embodiment. Each operation has a set of
theoretical goals and obtained physical or actual results.
Practically all operational IT architectures include a collection
of disparate information systems that need to work together. CLS is
an information technology solution that enforces: Data Integrity
across linked or associated disparate information systems (Ready
Mix Example: Mix costs & formulae to have data integrity or be
the same across mix management, sales, dispatch, batch panels, and
business systems) Closed Loop Data Integrity, meaning that the
operations' goals and its actual physical results match within
tolerances (concrete batch & mix BOMs (Bill of Materials)
closely match)
Four Types of CLS for Different Market Segments
[0123] I. Ready Mix Producers: Closed Loop Integration (CLI):
[0124] 1) CLI has been implemented as a CLS application for many
Ready Mix Producers in the US and Canada. [0125] 2) CLI
applications are real-time, two-way interfaces with production
systems [0126] 3) One of the main purposes of CLI is to enforce
data integrity between batches in trucks and parent mix designs;
CLI closes the loop between the mix management and production
cycles.
II. Ready Mix Producers: Closed Loop Sales Management (CLSM):
[0126] [0127] 1) CLSM is a CLS application for Ready Mix Producers
in the US and Internationally. [0128] 2) One of the main purposes
of Closed Loop Sales Management is a project-based workflow for the
industry sales process, tracking actual versus target
profitability, This application closes the loop between actual and
target profitability factors. One benefit is maximization of
profitability.
III. Contractors: Closed Loop Quality & Cost:
[0128] [0129] 1) The solution for the Contractor market segment is
similar to the Closed Loop Quality application, except that it also
includes concrete delivered cost management [0130] 2) One of the
main purposes of Closed Loop Quality & Cost is a real time
enforcement of placed concrete obtained specs and performance to
the applicable project specs, plus monitoring placed versus
as-purchased cost--This application closes the loop between both
the delivered versus specified project concrete performance and
cost.
IV. State Authorities: Closed Loop Quality:
[0130] [0131] 1) This solution is intended for the Authorities
market segment as a modification of the CLI production driven Ready
Mix application [0132] 2) One of the main purposes of Closed Loop
Quality is a real time enforcement of placed concrete obtained
specs and performance to the applicable project specs. This
application closes the loop between the delivered versus specified
project concrete performance.
[0133] Set forth below are several application examples.
[A] Ready Mix Concrete Producers--CLS Type: Closed Loop Integration
for Real Time, Production Level, Consolidated Mix Management
[0134] I. Ready Mix Needs Include: [0135] 1) Consolidate critical
mix, cost, and quality data in a single database [0136] 2) Minimize
quality issues [0137] 3) Utilize materials efficiently [0138] 4)
Real time information visibility--customized by user profile
II. Ready Mix Economics & its Management:
[0138] [0139] 1) 50% to 70% of cost of business (COB) is cost of
materials (COM) [0140] 2) A 1% increase in COM can translate to
more than a 10% profitability drop [0141] 3) Thus, production level
materials management is important to profitability. Table 1 shows
the relationship between COM and profitability.
TABLE-US-00001 [0141] TABLE 1 Item per Cyd Net Profit % 5.0% Price
$85.00 Cost of Business (COB) $80.75 Net Profit $4.25 Cost of
materials (COM) as % of 55.0% COB COM $44.41 1% increase in COM
$0.44 Change in COB $0.44 Change in Net profit ($0.44) % change in
net profits per % COM -10.5%
III. To meet quality, materials utilization, and information
visibility needs: [0142] 1) Optimize mixes to performance and cost
goals in a consolidated database using mix optimization tools.
[0143] 2) Implement closed loop integration (CLI) for the
production level management of optimized mixes; may use alerts
application for alert notification of out-of-tolerance batches.
[0144] 3) Use CLI to ship concrete to mix baselines for
implementing production level, real time cost and quality
management. The CLI system in effect uses mixes as a budgetary tool
for both quality and cost control.
[B] Contractors--CLS Type: Closed Loop Cost & Quality
Table 2 Illustrates Advantages of Real Time, Consolidated Costs and
Quality Management.
TABLE-US-00002 [0145] TABLE 2 ##STR00001##
[0146] I. Contractor Concrete Related Needs: [0147] 1) Consolidate
aspects of concrete related data across all projects in a single
database. [0148] 2) Ensure obtained quality meets specifications in
order to minimize quality issues and avoid project delays [0149] 3)
Track & match up contracted volume & cost versus actual
delivered volumes & costs [0150] 4) Real time information
visibility--customized by user profile
II. Basic Contractor Economics:
[0150] [0151] 1) Concrete cost and quality related schedule delay
can amount to around 16% in profit loss. [0152] 2) Thus, production
level concrete quality and cost management are important to
contractor profitability
III. Closed Loop Solution to Meet Quality, Cost Management, and
Information Visibility Needs:
[0152] [0153] 1) Implement Closed Loop Cost & Quality (CLCQ)
for the real time management of obtained versus a) specified
performance and recipe factors, b) Actual versus budgeted cost and
volume factors; use an alert system for alert reporting &
notification of out-of-tolerance monitored variables. [0154] 2) For
each project, consolidate quality & engineering team, tests,
concrete deliveries & poured volumes, cost, project mix designs
and specs, project documents, in a single unified database; do this
across all of the contractor's projects in one or more
countries--makes possible sharing and learning cross project
experience [0155] 3) Use CLCQ to maintain quality, enforce meeting
specs in real time, enforce budgetary cost & volume goals, and
create real time, production level visibility including alerting
reports.
Contractor Concrete Economics
[0155] [0156] 1. 10% to 20% of a project cost is concrete cost; in
some regions/countries this number may be close to 20% [0157] 2.
Since contractor margin is on the order of 1% to 5%, a 1% change in
concrete cost may result on average in about a 8% profitability
drop [0158] 3. Additionally, it is import to avoid schedule
slippage due to quality issues: [0159] 1. Each delay day may
represent roughly 0.2% to 1% of total project cost--assume 0.2%
[0160] 2. Each delay day due to concrete quality for a $100 mil
project may cost $200,000, or roughly an 8% drop in profitability
[0161] 4. Concrete cost and quality schedule delay may total to
around 16% in profit loss. [0162] 5. Thus, production level quality
and cost management are important to contractor profitability, and
the related cost factors can be managed by a closed loop production
system
[C] State Authorities--CLS Type: Closed Loop Quality
For Real Time, Consolidated Concrete Quality Management
[0162] [0163] I. State Authority Key Concrete Related Needs: [0164]
1) Consolidate all aspects of concrete related data across all
projects in a single database including mix specifications and
designs, batch data, and test data, as well as the required QC/QA
plan [0165] 2) Make possible data access, input, and sharing cross
projects, and by project-based entities [0166] 3) Ensure obtained
quality and performance meet specifications in order to minimize
quality issues and avoid project delays [0167] 4) Track & match
up contracted costs & volumes versus actual values [0168] 5)
Real time information visibility--customized by project & user
profile
II. State Authority Economics--Costs of Poor Quality and Reduced
Longevity:
[0168] [0169] 1) Assume: $100 mil structure; 30,000 m3 concrete
@$100/m3 delivered [0170] 2) Concrete quality related schedule
delay costs may amount to $70,000/delay day [0171] 3) Poor quality
future repair costs may amount to $120,000 per 1% increase in
strength CV [0172] 4) If the building service life is reduced by
one year due to poor quality, then a revenue loss of around $1.25
mil. may result [0173] 5) Thus, production level, real time quality
and cost management is important to the owner economics [0174] 6)
These significant cost factors may be managed by the closed loop
system
III. To Meet Quality, Cost Management, and Information Visibility
Needs:
[0174] [0175] 1) For each project, consolidate concrete production
volumes, project mix designs and specifications, and tests in a
single database. Also, include the QA/QC plan [0176] 2) Make
possible data access, input, and sharing across projects. Restrict
access by project and user profile. Include: State officials,
Engineers/Architects, Contractors, Test Labs, and Ready Mix
Producers [0177] 3) Implement Closed Loop Quality (CLQ) for the
real time management of obtained versus specified performance and
recipe factors; use an alert system for alert notification of
out-of-tolerance batches. Reconcile tests against QC/QA plan.
[0178] 4) Create real time, production level visibility including
alerting reports.
State Authority Concrete Economics
Assume a $100 Mil Structure Requiring 30,000 m3 Concrete @ an
Average of $100/m3 Delivered.
[0178] [0179] 1. Suppose that: [0180] 1) The owner wishes to
amortize the $100 mil cost during a 10-year period, which amounts
to a monthly rate of $833,333, and wishes to lease the building for
the same amount [0181] 2) The owner takes a 30 year mortgage @5%
interest amounting to a monthly payment of $535 k. [0182] 3) This
leaves a monthly cash flow of around $300 k, or $3.6 mil/yr [0183]
2. Poor Quality Cost Factors include: [0184] 1) Each delay day may
result in an opportunity cost of roughly $70,000, or around 2% of
annual cash flow [0185] 2) If poor quality goes unnoticed, and is
repaired at a later date, each 1% increase in the 28-day strength
coefficient of variation from its ACI 318 design base may result in
future repair costs of $120 k, or around 7% of the annual cash flow
[0186] 3) If poor quality goes unnoticed, and is not treated, each
one year reduction in the service life may amount to $3.6 in lost
revenues. Annualized over the first 10 years, this changes the
monthly cash flow to around a loss of ($60,000) [0187] 3. Concrete
poor quality costs without a reduction in the service life can
amount to around 9% of cash flow; with service life reduction, the
cash flow can turn negative. [0188] 4. Thus, production level
quality management is important to the owner economics, and the
related cost factors can be managed by the closed loop system
[0189] In accordance with another embodiment, a mixture formulation
is maintained by master database module 11. Localized versions of
the mixture formulation intended for use at respective production
facilities are generated, stored, and provided to the respective
production facilities, as necessary. At a respective production
facility, the mixture is produced based on the localized version of
the mixture formulation.
[0190] FIG. 7A shows a production management system 700 in
accordance with another embodiment. Similar to product management
system 10 of FIG. 1A, product management system 700 includes a
master database module 11, an input module 12, a sales module 13, a
production module 14, a transport module 15, a site module 16, an
alert module 17, and a purchase module 18.
[0191] A localization module 19 resides and operates in master
database module 11. For example, master database module 11 and
localization module 19 may comprise software that resides and
operates on a computer.
[0192] Localization module 19 generates one or more localized
versions of a mixture formulation for use at respective production
facilities where a mixture may be produced. Localization module 19
may, for example, access a mixture formulation maintained at master
database module 11, analyze one or more local parameters pertaining
to a selected production facility, and generate a modified version
of the mixture formulation for use at the selected production
facility. Localization module 19 may generate localized versions of
a particular mixture formulation for one production facility or for
a plurality of production facilities. For example, master database
module 11 may generate localized versions of a mixture formulation
for every production facility owned or managed by a producer.
Likewise, localization module 19 may generate localized versions of
selected mixture formulations maintained by master database module
11, or may generate localized versions for all mixture formulations
maintained by master database module 11.
[0193] FIG. 7B shows a production management system 702 in
accordance with another embodiment. Similar to product management
system 10 of FIG. 1A, product management system 702 includes a
master database module 11, an input module 12, a sales module 13, a
production module 14, a transport module 15, a site module 16, an
alert module 17, and a purchase module 18. In the embodiment of
FIG. 7B, localization module 19 is separate from master database
module 11 and is connected to master database module 11 by a link
41. For example, master database module 11 may reside and operate
on a first computer and localization module 19 may reside and
operate on a second computer remote from master database module 11.
For example, localization module 19 may reside and operate on a
second computer located at a production facility. Localization
module 19 may communicate with master database module 11 via a
network such as the Internet, or via another type of network, or
may communicate via a direct communication link.
[0194] FIG. 7C shows a production management system 703 in
accordance with another embodiment. Product management system 703
includes a master database module 11, an input module 12, a sales
module 13, a production module 14, a transport module 15, a site
module 16, an alert module 17, a purchase module 18, and a
localization module 19. Modules 11-19 are connected to a network
775. Modules 11-19 communicate with each other via network 775. For
example, various modules may transmit information to master
database 11 via network 775.
[0195] Network 775 may comprise the Internet, for example. In other
embodiments, network 775 may comprise one or more of a number of
different types of networks, such as, for example, an intranet, a
local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless
network, a Fibre Channel-based storage area network (SAN), or
Ethernet. Other networks may be used. Alternatively, network 775
may comprise a combination of different types of networks.
[0196] FIG. 8 illustrates a system for the management of localized
versions of a mixture formulation in accordance with an embodiment.
In the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 8, master database module 11
comprises localization module 19, a mixture database 801 and a
local factors database 802. A mixture formulation 810 associated
with a particular mixture is maintained in mixture database 801.
While only one mixture formulation is shown in FIG. 8, it is to be
understood that more than one mixture formulation (each associated
with a respective mixture) may be stored by master database module
11.
[0197] Master database module 11 is linked to several production
facilities, as shown in FIG. 8. In the illustrative embodiment,
master database module 11 is in communication with Production
Facility A (841), located in Locality A, Production Facility B
(842) located in Locality B, and Production Facility C (843),
located in Locality C. While three production facilities (and three
localities) are shown in FIG. 8, in other embodiments more or fewer
than three production facilities (and more or fewer than three
localities) may be used.
[0198] In the embodiment of FIG. 8, local factors database 802
stores local factor data relating to various production facilities,
including, for example, local availability information, local cost
information, local market condition information, etc. Localization
module 19 may obtain local factor data based on the information in
local factors database 802.
[0199] In the illustrative embodiment, localization module 19
accesses mixture formulation 810 and generates a localized version
for Production Facility A (841), shown in FIG. 8 as Mixture
Formulation A (810-A). Localization module 19 generates a localized
version for Production Facility B (842), shown in FIG. 8 as Mixture
Formulation B (810-B). Localization module 19 also generates a
localized version for Production Facility C (843), shown in FIG. 8
as Mixture Formulation C (810-C). Mixture Formulation A (810-A),
Mixture Formulation B (810-B), and Mixture Formulation C (810-C)
are stored at master database module 11.
[0200] In order to generate a localized version of a mixture
formulation for a particular production facility, localization
module 19 accesses local factors database 802 and analyzes one or
more local factors pertaining to the particular production
facility. For example, localization module 19 may analyze one or
more local availability factors representing local availability of
components in the mixture formulation, one or more local market
condition factors representing characteristics of the local market,
one or more local cost factors representing the cost of obtaining
various components in the local market, etc.
[0201] Localization module 19 may modify a mixture formulation
based on a local factor. For example, if a local market factor
indicates a strong preference for a product having a particular
feature (or a strong bias against a certain feature), localization
module 19 may alter the mixture formulation based on such local
market conditions. If a particular component is not available in a
local market, localization module 19 may alter the mixture
formulation by substituting an equivalent component that is locally
available. Similarly, if a particular component is prohibitively
expensive in a particular locality, localization module 19 may
reduce the amount of such component in the mixture formulation
and/or replace the component with a substitute, equivalent
component.
[0202] It is to be understood that FIG. 8 is illustrative. In other
embodiments, master database module 11 may include components
different from those shown in FIG. 8. Mixtures and local factors
may be stored in a different manner than that shown in FIG. 8.
[0203] FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method of generating localized
versions of a mixture formulation in accordance with an embodiment.
The method presented in FIG. 9 is discussed with reference to FIG.
10. FIG. 10 shows mixture formulation 810 and several corresponding
localized versions of the mixture formulation in accordance with an
embodiment.
[0204] At step 910, a formulation of a product is stored, the
formulation specifying a plurality of components and respective
quantities. As discussed above, mixture formulation 810 is stored
at master database module 11. Referring to FIG. 10, mixture
formulation 810 specifies the following components and quantities:
C-1, Q-1; C-2, Q-2; C-3, Q-3; C-4, Q-4; and C-5, Q-5. Thus, for
example, mixture formulation 810 requires quantity Q-1 of component
C-1, quantity Q-2 of component C-2, etc. Mixture formulation 810
may also specify other information, including a method to be used
to manufacture the mixture.
[0205] At step 920, a plurality of production facilities capable of
producing the product are identified, each production facility
being associated with a respective locality. In the illustrative
embodiment, localization module 19 identifies Production Facility A
(841) in Locality A, Production Facility B (842) in Locality B, and
Production Facility C (843) in Locality C.
[0206] Referring to block 930, for each respective one of the
identified production facilities, a series of steps is performed.
At step 940, a local factor that is specific to the corresponding
locality and that relates to a particular one of the plurality of
components is identified. Localization module 19 first accesses
local factors database 802 and examines local factors relating to
Locality A and Production Facility A (841). Suppose, for example,
that localization module 19 determines that in Locality A,
component C-1 is not readily available.
[0207] At step 950, the formulation is modified, based on the local
factor, to generate a localized version of the formulation for use
at the respective production facility. In the illustrative
embodiment of FIG. 10, localization module 19 substitutes an
equivalent component SUB-1 for component C-1 to generate a
localized version 810-A of mixture 810. Localized version 810-A is
intended for use at Production Facility A (841).
[0208] At step 960, the localized version of the formulation is
stored in association with the formulation. In the illustrative
embodiment, localized version 810-A is stored at master database
module 11 in association with mixture formulation 810.
[0209] Referring to FIG. 9, the routine may return to step 930 and
repeat steps 930, 940, 950, and 960 for another production
facility, as necessary. Suppose, for example that localization
module 19 determines that in Locality B (associated with Production
Facility B (842)), local purchasers prefer a product with less of
component C-2. Localization module 19 thus reduces the quantity of
component C-2 in the respective localized version 810-B of mixture
810, as shown in FIG. 10. In particular, the amount of component
C-2 in localized version 810-B is (0.5)*(Q-2). Localized version
810-B is intended for use at Production Facility B (842). Localized
version 810-B is stored at master database module 11 in association
with mixture formulation 810, as shown in FIG. 8.
[0210] Suppose that localization module 19 also determines that in
Locality C (associated with Production Facility C (843)), local
purchasers prefer a product with an additional component C-6.
Localization module 19 further determines that component C-6 is an
equivalent of component C-5, but is of lower quality. To
accommodate local market conditions, localization module 19 reduces
the quantity of component C-5 to (0.7)*(C-5) and also adds a
quantity Q-6 of component C-6 to generate a localized version 810-C
of mixture 810, as shown in FIG. 10. Localized version 810-C is
intended for use at Production Facility C (843). Localized version
810-C is stored at master database module 11 in association with
mixture formulation 810, as shown in FIG. 8.
[0211] Master database module 11 may subsequently transmit one or
more of the localized versions 810-A, 810-B, 810-C to Production
Facilities A, B, and/or C, as necessary. For example, suppose that
an order is received for Mixture Formulation 810. Suppose further
that Production Facility A and Production Facility B are selected
to produce the mixture. Master database module 11 accordingly
transmits the localized version Mixture Formulation A (810-A) to
Production Facility A (841). Mixture Formulation A (810-A) is
stored at Production Module 14. Master database module 11 also
transmits the localized version Mixture Formulation B (810-B) to
Production Facility B (842). Mixture Formulation B (810-B) is
stored at a respective production module (not shown) operating at
Production Facility B (842).
[0212] The mixture is then produced at each designated production
facility based on the respective localized version of the mixture
formulation. In the illustrative embodiment, the mixture is
produced at Production Facility A (841) in accordance with the
localized version Mixture Formulation A (810-A)). The mixture is
produced at Production Facility B (842) in accordance with the
localized version Mixture Formulation B (810-B).
[0213] In accordance with another embodiment, master database
module 11 from time to time updates the master version of a mixture
formulation (stored at master database module 11). Master database
module 11 also monitors versions of the mixture formulation
maintained at various production facilities. If it is determined
that a version of the mixture formulation stored at a particular
production facility is not the same as the master version of the
mixture formulation, an alert is issued and the local version is
synchronized with the master version. For purposes of the
discussion set forth below, any version of a mixture formulation
that is stored at master database module 11 may be considered a
"master version" of the mixture formulation.
[0214] In an illustrative embodiment, suppose that master database
module 11 updates Mixture Formulation 810. This may occur for any
of a variety of reasons. For example, the cost of one of the
components in Mixture Formulation 810 may increase substantially,
and the particular component may be replaced by an equivalent
component. Referring to FIG. 11A, the updated formulation is stored
at master database module 11 as Updated Mixture Formulation
810U.
[0215] Master database module 11 also generates localized versions
of the updated mixture formulation. Thus, for example, master
database module 11 generates an updated localized version of
Mixture Formulation 810U for Production Facility 841 (in Locality
A). The updated localized version of is stored at master database
module 11 as Updated Mixture Formulation A (810U-A), as shown in
FIG. 11A.
[0216] Master database module 11 identifies one or more production
facilities that store a localized version of Mixture Formulation
810, and notifies each such production module that Mixture
Formulation 810 has been updated. If a production module does not
have the correct updated version of the mixture formulation, the
localized version must be synchronized with the updated master
version stored at master database module 11. FIG. 12 is a flowchart
of a method of synchronizing a localized version of a mixture
formulation with a master version of the mixture formulation in
accordance with an embodiment.
[0217] In the illustrative embodiment, certain aspects of
production at Production Facility A (841) are managed by production
module 14. For example, production module 14 may operate on a
computer or other processing device located on the premises of
Production Facility A (841).
[0218] At step 1210, a determination is made that a mixture
formulation stored at a particular production facility is different
from the mixture formulation stored by the master database module.
For example, master database module may communicate to production
module 14 (operating at Production Facility A (841)) that Mixture
Formulation A (810-A) has been updated. Production module 14
determines that its current localized version of the mixture
formulation is not the same as Updated Mixture Formulation A
(810U-A).
[0219] At step 1220, an alert is transmitted indicating that the
version of the mixture formulation stored at the particular
production facility is different from the mixture formulation
stored by master database module 11. Accordingly, production module
14 transmits an alert to master database module 11 indicating that
its local version of the mixture formulation is not the same as the
updated version stored at master database module 11.
[0220] At step 1230, the version of the mixture formulation stored
at the particular production facility is synchronized with the
mixture formulation stored at the master database module 11. In
response to the alert, master database module 11 provides
production module 14 with a copy of Updated Mixture Formulation A
(810U-A). Production module 14 stores Updated Mixture Formulation A
(810U-A), as shown in FIG. 11B.
[0221] Various methods and system described above may be used in an
integrated closed-loop production system to manage a production
system. In accordance with an embodiment, a method of managing a
closed-loop production system is provided. Master database module
11 provides to sales module 13 descriptions, prices, and other
information relating to a plurality of available mixtures, enabling
sales module 13 to offer several options to potential customers.
Specifically, master database module 11 provides information
relating to a plurality of concrete mixtures. Sales module 13 may
present the information to a customer in the form of a menu, as
discussed above with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0222] Suppose now that a customer considers the available mixtures
and selects one of the plurality of concrete mixtures. Suppose
further that the customer submits an order for the selected
mixture, specifying parameters such as quantity, date and place of
delivery, etc. For illustrative purposes, suppose that the customer
selects the mixture associated with mixture formulation 810 (shown
in FIG. 8) and specifies a delivery site located in or near
Locality A (also shown in FIG. 8). Master database module 11
utilizes a closed-loop production system such as that illustrated
in FIG. 1A to manage the sale, production and delivery of the
selected mixture to the customer.
[0223] FIGS. 13A-13B comprise a flowchart of a method of managing a
closed-loop production system in accordance with an embodiment. At
step 1310, an order for a mixture selected from among the plurality
of mixtures is received, by a processor, from a sales module
operating on a first device different from the processor, the order
being associated with a purchase of the mixture by a customer. In
the illustrative embodiment, sales module 13 transmits the order
for the selected concrete mixture to master database module 11. The
order specifies the selected mixture and other information
including quantity, date and place of delivery, etc. Master
database module 11 receives the order for the selected concrete
mixture from sales module 13.
[0224] At step 1310, a mixture formulation defining a plurality of
components and respective quantities required to produce the
selected mixture is provided, by the processor, to a production
module operating on a second device located at a production
facility capable of producing the mixture. Accordingly, master
database module 11 identifies one or more production facilities
capable of producing the selected mixture. Production facilities
may be selected based on a variety of factors. For example, master
database module 11 may select one or more production facilities
that are located near the delivery site specified in the order. In
the illustrative embodiment, master database module 11 selects
Production Facility A (841) due to the fact that the customer's
delivery site is located in or near Locality A. It is to be
understood that more than one production facility may be selected
and used to produce a mixture to meet a particular order.
[0225] Master database module 11 transmits Mixture formulation A
(810-A) (or any updated version thereof) to Production Facility A
(841). Production module 14 manages and monitors the production
process. In the illustrative embodiment, production module 14
determines that a particular component of mixture formulation A
(810-A) is currently unavailable and replaces the component with a
known equivalent. Production module 14 accordingly transmits an
alert to master database module 11 indicating that the component
has been replaced. An alert may then be provided to the customer,
as well. Production of the selected mixture proceeds. In one
embodiment, the alert may be transmitted in real time (e.g., within
a specified time period after production module 14 receives the
information).
[0226] At step 1315, first information identifying a modification
made to the mixture formulation is received, by the processor, from
the production module, prior to production of the mixture. Master
database module 11 receives the alert from production module
14.
[0227] At step 1320, an alert is transmitted if the first
information does not meet a first predetermined criterion. If the
modification does not meet specified requirements, master database
module 11 transmits an alert to the customer. In one embodiment,
the alert is transmitted in real time.
[0228] In the illustrative embodiment, a quantity of the mixture
actually produced at Production Facility A (841) differs from the
quantity specified in the order. Production module 14 transmits an
alert to master database module 11 and to alert module 17
indicating that the quantity actually produced differs from the
quantity ordered. The alert may be transmitted in real time. At
step 1325, second information indicating an actual quantity of the
mixture produced is received, from the production module, prior to
delivery of the mixture. Master database module 11 receives the
alert and stores the information specifying the actual quantity
produced.
[0229] At step 1330, an alert is transmitted if the second
information does not meet a second predetermined criterion. If the
quantity of concrete mixture actually produced does not meet
specified requirements, master database module 11 transmits an
alert to the customer. In one embodiment, the alert is transmitted
in real time.
[0230] In another embodiment, production module 14 may inform
master database module 11 if the method of manufacture specified in
the mixture formulation is changed. For example, a step of the
method may be modified or eliminated, or a new step may be
added.
[0231] The method now proceeds to step 1335 of FIG. 13B.
[0232] The mixture is now placed on a transport vehicle, such as a
truck, and transported to the delivery site specified in the order.
The vehicle includes transport module 15, which may be a software
application operating on a processing device, for example. The
vehicle may have one or more sensors to obtain data such as
temperature of the mixture, water content of the mixture, etc.
During transport, transport module 15 monitors the condition of the
mixture and detects changes made to the mixture.
[0233] At step 1335, third information identifying a change made to
the mixture produced during transport of the mixture is received,
from a transport module operating on a third device located on a
vehicle transporting the mixture produced from the production
facility to a delivery site. In the illustrative embodiment, the
driver of the truck makes a change to the mixture during transport
to the delivery site. For example, the driver may add additional
water to the mixture while the mixture is in the truck. Transport
module 15 transmits an alert to master database module 11 and to
alert module 17 indicating the change that was made. In one
embodiment, the alert is transmitted in real time.
[0234] At step 1340, an alert is transmitted if the third
information does not meet a third predetermined criterion. If the
third information is not within pre-established tolerances, an
alert is issued to the customer. In one embodiment, the alert is
transmitted in real time.
[0235] In the illustrative embodiment, the mixture is delivered to
the customer's construction site. At the customer's site, site
module 16 monitors delivery of the mixture and performance of the
mixture after delivery. At step 1345, fourth information relating
to delivery of the mixture produced is received, from a site module
operating on a fourth device associated with the delivery site.
When the mixture is delivered to the specified delivery site, site
module 16 transmits an alert to master database module indicating
that the mixture has been delivered. In one embodiment, the alert
is transmitted in real time.
[0236] At step 1350, an alert is transmitted if it is determined
that the fourth information does not meet a fourth predetermined
criterion. For example, if the delivery of the mixture occurs
outside of a specified delivery time frame (e.g., if the delivery
is late), master database module 11 (or alert module 17) may
transmit an alert to the customer. In one embodiment, the alert is
transmitted in real time.
[0237] The site module 16 may also monitor certain performance
parameters of the mixture after it is delivered and used. At step
1355, fifth information relating to a performance of the mixture is
received, from the site module. After the mixture is used (e.g.,
when the concrete mixture is laid), site module 16 may transmit to
master database module 11 information including performance data.
In one embodiment, the information is transmitted in real time.
[0238] At step 1360, an alert is transmitted if it is determined
that the fifth information does not meet a fifth predetermined
criterion. Thus, if the performance data does not meet specified
requirements, master database module 11 (or alert module 17)
transmits an alert to the customer. In one embodiment, the alert is
transmitted in real time.
[0239] As described above, alerts are issued at various stages of
the production process to inform master database module 11 of
events and problems that occur during production, transport, and
delivery of the mixture. Master database module 11 (or alert module
17) may then alert the customer if a parameter does not meet
specified requirements.
[0240] Master database module 11 may collect information from
various modules involved in the production of a mixture, in real
time, and provide the information to the customer, in real time.
For example, when master database module 11 receives from a
respective module information pertaining to the production of a
mixture, master database module 11 may transmit an alert to the
customer in the form of an email, or in another format.
[0241] In one embodiment, master database module 11 maintains a web
page associated with a customer's order and allow the producer
(and/or the customer) to access the web page. Information received
from various modules involved in the production of the mixture may
be presented on the web page. In addition, information relating to
cost analysis may be presented on the web page. For example, an
analysis of the impact of a modification to the mixture
formulation, a change to the mixture during production or
transport, a delay in delivery, or any other event, on the cost of
materials (COM) and/or on the producer's profitability may be
provided on the web page.
[0242] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary web page that may be maintained
in accordance with an embodiment. For example, access to the web
page may be provided to a producer to enable the producer to manage
the production system and to control costs and profitability. Web
page 1400 includes a customer ID field 1411 showing the customer's
name or other identifier, a mixture purchased field 1412 showing
the mixture that the customer purchased, a quantity field 1413
showing the quantity of the mixture ordered, and a delivery
location field 1414 showing the delivery location specified by the
customer.
[0243] Web page 1400 also includes a Production-Related Events
field 1420 that lists events that occur during production of the
mixture. Master database module 11 may display in field 1420
information received from various modules during production of the
mixture, including information indicating modifications made to the
mixture formulation prior to production, changes made to the
mixture during transport of the mixture, information related to
delivery, etc. In the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 14, field
1420 includes a first listing 1421 indicating that component C-5 of
the mixture formulation was replaced by an equivalent component
EQU-1 at Production Facility A (prior to production). Field 1420
also includes a second listing 1422 indicating that delivery of the
mixture was completed on 04-19-XXXX.
[0244] Web page 1400 also includes a Cost Impact Table 1431 showing
the expected impact of certain events on cost and profitability.
Table 1431 includes an event column 1441, a cost impact column
1442, and a profitability impact column 1443. Master database
module 11 accesses stored information concerning the costs of
various components and calculates the expected impact of one or
more selected events on the producer's costs. In the illustrative
embodiment, row 1451 indicates that the replacement of C-5 by EQU-1
is expected to increase the cost of the mixture by +2.1%, and
reduces the producer's profit by 6.5%.
[0245] In various embodiments, the method steps described herein,
including the method steps described in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12,
and/or 13A-13B, may be performed in an order different from the
particular order described or shown. In other embodiments, other
steps may be provided, or steps may be eliminated, from the
described methods.
[0246] Systems, apparatus, and methods described herein may be
implemented using digital circuitry, or using one or more computers
using well-known computer processors, memory units, storage
devices, computer software, and other components. Typically, a
computer includes a processor for executing instructions and one or
more memories for storing instructions and data. A computer may
also include, or be coupled to, one or more mass storage devices,
such as one or more magnetic disks, internal hard disks and
removable disks, magneto-optical disks, optical disks, etc.
[0247] Systems, apparatus, and methods described herein may be
implemented using computers operating in a client-server
relationship. Typically, in such a system, the client computers are
located remotely from the server computer and interact via a
network. The client-server relationship may be defined and
controlled by computer programs running on the respective client
and server computers.
[0248] Systems, apparatus, and methods described herein may be used
within a network-based cloud computing system. In such a
network-based cloud computing system, a server or another processor
that is connected to a network communicates with one or more client
computers via a network. A client computer may communicate with the
server via a network browser application residing and operating on
the client computer, for example. A client computer may store data
on the server and access the data via the network. A client
computer may transmit requests for data, or requests for online
services, to the server via the network. The server may perform
requested services and provide data to the client computer(s). The
server may also transmit data adapted to cause a client computer to
perform a specified function, e.g., to perform a calculation, to
display specified data on a screen, etc.
[0249] Systems, apparatus, and methods described herein may be
implemented using a computer program product tangibly embodied in
an information carrier, e.g., in a non-transitory machine-readable
storage device, for execution by a programmable processor; and the
method steps described herein, including one or more of the steps
of FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and/or 13A-13B, may be implemented
using one or more computer programs that are executable by such a
processor. A computer program is a set of computer program
instructions that can be used, directly or indirectly, in a
computer to perform a certain activity or bring about a certain
result. A computer program can be written in any form of
programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages,
and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone
program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit
suitable for use in a computing environment.
[0250] A high-level block diagram of an exemplary computer that may
be used to implement systems, apparatus and methods described
herein is illustrated in FIG. 15. Computer 1500 includes a
processor 1501 operatively coupled to a data storage device 1502
and a memory 1503. Processor 1501 controls the overall operation of
computer 1500 by executing computer program instructions that
define such operations. The computer program instructions may be
stored in data storage device 1502, or other computer readable
medium, and loaded into memory 1503 when execution of the computer
program instructions is desired. Thus, the method steps of FIGS. 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and/or 13A-13B can be defined by the computer
program instructions stored in memory 1503 and/or data storage
device 1502 and controlled by the processor 1501 executing the
computer program instructions. For example, the computer program
instructions can be implemented as computer executable code
programmed by one skilled in the art to perform an algorithm
defined by the method steps of FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and/or
13A-13B. Accordingly, by executing the computer program
instructions, the processor 1501 executes an algorithm defined by
the method steps of FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and/or 13A-13B.
Computer 1500 also includes one or more network interfaces 1504 for
communicating with other devices via a network. Computer 1500 also
includes one or more input/output devices 1505 that enable user
interaction with computer 1500 (e.g., display, keyboard, mouse,
speakers, buttons, etc.).
[0251] Processor 1501 may include both general and special purpose
microprocessors, and may be the sole processor or one of multiple
processors of computer 1500. Processor 1501 may include one or more
central processing units (CPUs), for example. Processor 1501, data
storage device 1502, and/or memory 1503 may include, be
supplemented by, or incorporated in, one or more
application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and/or one or more
field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
[0252] Data storage device 1502 and memory 1503 each include a
tangible non-transitory computer readable storage medium. Data
storage device 1502, and memory 1503, may each include high-speed
random access memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM),
static random access memory (SRAM), double data rate synchronous
dynamic random access memory (DDR RAM), or other random access
solid state memory devices, and may include non-volatile memory,
such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices such as internal
hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical disk storage
devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices,
semiconductor memory devices, such as erasable programmable
read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable
read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM),
digital versatile disc read-only memory (DVD-ROM) disks, or other
non-volatile solid state storage devices.
[0253] Input/output devices 1505 may include peripherals, such as a
printer, scanner, display screen, etc. For example, input/output
devices 1505 may include a display device such as a cathode ray
tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor for displaying
information to the user, a keyboard, and a pointing device such as
a mouse or a trackball by which the user can provide input to
computer 1500.
[0254] Any or all of the systems and apparatus discussed herein,
including master database module 11, input module 12, sales module
13, production module 14, transport module 15, site module 16,
alert module 17, purchase module 18, and localization module 19,
and components thereof, including mixture database 801 and local
factors database 802, may be implemented using a computer such as
computer 1500.
[0255] One skilled in the art will recognize that an implementation
of an actual computer or computer system may have other structures
and may contain other components as well, and that FIG. 15 is a
high level representation of some of the components of such a
computer for illustrative purposes.
[0256] The foregoing Detailed Description is to be understood as
being in every respect illustrative and exemplary, but not
restrictive, and the scope of the invention disclosed herein is not
to be determined from the Detailed Description, but rather from the
claims as interpreted according to the full breadth permitted by
the patent laws. It is to be understood that the embodiments shown
and described herein are only illustrative of the principles of the
present invention and that various modifications may be implemented
by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and
spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art could implement
various other feature combinations without departing from the scope
and spirit of the invention.
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