U.S. patent application number 14/228978 was filed with the patent office on 2014-07-31 for process for the preparation of alpha-acyloxy beta-formamido amides.
This patent application is currently assigned to Vereniging voor Christelijk hoger onderwijs, wetenschappelijk onderzoek en patientenzorg. The applicant listed for this patent is Romano ORRU, Marloes POLAK, Eelco RUIJTER, Nicholas TURNER, Anass ZNABET. Invention is credited to Romano ORRU, Marloes POLAK, Eelco RUIJTER, Nicholas TURNER, Anass ZNABET.
Application Number | 20140213788 14/228978 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43088069 |
Filed Date | 2014-07-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140213788 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
RUIJTER; Eelco ; et
al. |
July 31, 2014 |
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALPHA-ACYLOXY BETA-FORMAMIDO
AMIDES
Abstract
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation
of a compound of the general Formula (I), comprising: a) reacting a
compound of the general Formula (II) with a compound of the Formula
III R.sup.2COOH and a compound of the general Formula IV R.sup.3NC
under such conditions that compound I is formed, wherein R.sup.1
represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or tricyclic, or heterocyclic
structure, and R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or
tricyclic, or heterocyclic structure, and R.sup.3 represents a
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl structure.
In further aspect the subject invention relates to the use of the
the obtained products as intermediates for various peptidomimetics,
and preferably as a building block in a convergent synthesis of
prolyl dipeptide structures. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
RUIJTER; Eelco; (Woerden,
NL) ; ORRU; Romano; (Haarlem, NL) ; ZNABET;
Anass; (Amsterdam, NL) ; POLAK; Marloes;
(Voorhout, NL) ; TURNER; Nicholas; (Manchester
Greater Manchester, GB) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
RUIJTER; Eelco
ORRU; Romano
ZNABET; Anass
POLAK; Marloes
TURNER; Nicholas |
Woerden
Haarlem
Amsterdam
Voorhout
Manchester Greater Manchester |
|
NL
NL
NL
NL
GB |
|
|
Assignee: |
Vereniging voor Christelijk hoger
onderwijs, wetenschappelijk onderzoek en patientenzorg
Amsterdam
NL
|
Family ID: |
43088069 |
Appl. No.: |
14/228978 |
Filed: |
March 28, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13581173 |
Sep 13, 2012 |
8686145 |
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PCT/EP2010/063657 |
Sep 16, 2010 |
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14228978 |
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61307873 |
Feb 25, 2010 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
544/405 ;
548/452; 558/302; 560/238; 560/251 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 241/24 20130101;
C07D 209/52 20130101; C07D 209/58 20130101; C07C 2601/02 20170501;
C07D 403/06 20130101; C07C 237/14 20130101; C07C 291/10 20130101;
C07D 209/94 20130101; A61P 31/12 20180101; C07D 403/12 20130101;
C07C 231/06 20130101; C07C 2601/04 20170501 |
Class at
Publication: |
544/405 ;
560/251; 560/238; 558/302; 548/452 |
International
Class: |
C07C 291/10 20060101
C07C291/10; C07D 209/52 20060101 C07D209/52; C07D 403/12 20060101
C07D403/12; C07C 237/14 20060101 C07C237/14; C07C 231/06 20060101
C07C231/06 |
Claims
1-23. (canceled)
24. A compound of formula VI: ##STR00031## wherein R.sup.1
represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or tri-cyclic, or heterocyclic
group, R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or
tri-cyclic, or heterocyclic group, and R.sup.3 represents a
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group, or a
reversibly attached protective group.
25. The compound according to claim 24 having a structure of
formula VII: ##STR00032##
26. The compound according to claim 24 having a structure of
formula VIII: ##STR00033## wherein R.sup.1 represents a lower
carboxylic acid group, and R.sup.2 represents a substituted or
unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group, or a protective
group that can be reversibly removed.
27. A process for preparing a compound of formula VI of claim 24,
comprising: a) reacting a compound of formula II: ##STR00034## with
a compound of formula III: R.sup.2--COON (III), and a compound of
formula IV: R.sup.3--NC (IV) under such conditions that a compound
of formula I is formed, ##STR00035## b) isolating the compound of
formula I from the reaction mixture, and c) subjecting the compound
of formula I obtained in b) to dehydrating conditions to obtain a
compound of formula VI.
28. The process according to claim 27, wherein c) is performed by
treatment of the formamido compound (I) with phosgene, diphosgene
(trichloromethyl chloroformate), triphosgene
[bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate], and/or POCl.sub.3.
29. The process according to claim 28, wherein c) is performed in
the presence of a base, preferably a tertiary amine base such as
triethylamine or N-methylmorpholine.
30. The process according to claim 27, wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl
group, such as n-propyl, or an alkylcycloalkyl group, preferably
--CH.sub.2-cyclopropyl or --CH.sub.2-cyclobutyl.
31. The process according to claim 27, wherein R.sup.2 represents
hydrogen, a straight chain alkyl, a branched chain alkyl, a
cycloalkyl, an alkylene-cycloalkyl, an aryl or alkylene aryl.
32. The process according to claim 27, wherein, R.sup.3 is a
cycloalkyl or hydrogen, or a protective group as usually employed
to reversably protect primary amines.
33. The process according to claim 27, wherein, R.sup.1, R.sup.2
and R.sup.3 are chosen such that the compound of formula VI has a
structure according to formula VII: ##STR00036##
34. The process according to claim 27, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 are chosen such that the compound of formula VI has a
structure according to formula VIII: ##STR00037## wherein R.sup.1
represents a lower carboxylic acid group, preferably acetate, and
R.sup.2 represents reversibly attached protective group.
35. The process according to claim 27, comprising reacting the
compound of formula VI with a compound of formula IX: ##STR00038##
or the respective diastereomers, and a compound of formula X:
R.sup.7--COON (X), under conditions that a compound of formula XI
is formed, to obtain a compound of formula XI or its respective
diastereomers: ##STR00039## wherein R.sup.4 represents each
independently, or jointly a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or
tricyclic, or heterocyclic structure, and R.sup.5 represents each
independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or
tri-cyclic, or heterocyclic structure, R.sup.6 represents a
structure derived from a compound of formula I, and R.sup.7
represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or
alkynyl, or an aromatic or non-aromatic aromatic or non-aromatic,
mono-, di- or tri-cyclic, or heterocyclic structure.
36. The process according to claim 35, wherein in the case of
R.sup.5 being different from hydrogen, the diastereomers of formula
IX include compounds of formulae IXa and IXb, respectively:
##STR00040## resulting predominantly in the compounds of formulae
XIa and XIb, respectively: ##STR00041##
37. The process according to claim 36, wherein both substituents
R.sup.5 represent hydrogen, and both substituents R.sup.4 jointly
form a substituted or unsubstituted 3-, 4-, 5- , 6-, 7- or
8-membered ring structure.
38. The process according to claim 37, wherein R.sup.4 is chosen
such that the compound of formula I has the structure according to
formula XII: ##STR00042## according to formula XIII: ##STR00043##
or according to formula XIV: ##STR00044##
39. The process according to claim 35, wherein R.sup.7 represents a
structure according to formula XV: ##STR00045## wherein R.sup.a and
R.sup.b each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen
atom, a lower alkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a
lower alkyl group substituted by halogen, a cycloalkyl group, an
aryl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower thioalkyl group, a
cycloalkyloxy group, an aralkyloxy group or an alkanoyl group; a
hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a formyl group, an amino group which
may be protected or substituted, a cycloalkyloxy, aralkyloxy,
alkanoyl, ureido or mono-, di- or tricyclic heterocyclic group, all
of which groups may optionally be substituted.
40. The process according to claim 39, wherein a compound of
formula XII ##STR00046## is reacted with a compound of formula XVI:
##STR00047## and a compound of formula VII to obtain a compound of
formula XVII: ##STR00048##
41. The process according to claim 40, further comprising isolating
a compound of formula XVII from the reaction mixture.
42. The process according to claim 40, further comprising
subjecting the compound of formula XVII to a saponification
reaction to remove the acetate from the secondary alcohol at the
.alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-amino acid structure.
43. The process according to claim 42, wherein the saponification
is carried out by contacting the compound of formula XVII with an
alkaline metal carbonate, preferably K.sub.2CO.sub.3 in a suitable
solvent, to obtain a saponified secondary alcohol product.
44. The process according to claim 42, subjecting the compound of
formula XVIIa comprising the secondary alcohol to a selective
oxidation to a ketone to form a compound of formula XVIII.
##STR00049##
45. The compound of formula XVII or XXI: ##STR00050## wherein
R.sup.1 is acetate, and R.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted
alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group, or a protective group that can be
reversibly removed.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to .alpha.-acyloxy
.beta.-formamido amides, methods for their preparation, and their
use as intermediate for the preparation of isocyanide building
block for the preparation of prolyl peptide inhibitors of
disease-associated targets.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] .alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-aminocarboxylic acid and amide
derivatives are found in a variety of natural products and
pharmaceutically active substances.
[0003] Subunits incorporating the
.alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-aminocarboxylic acid motif have been termed
"norstatine" derivatives, and serve as key intermediates for the
synthesis of the general class of P1-.alpha.-ketocarboxylic
transition-state inhibitors of serine or cysteine proteases. Such
inhibitors are finding increasing applications in medicine for the
treatment of a diverse array of disease states including
thrombosis, cancer, and osteoporosis.
[0004] Towards this end, .alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-aminocarboxylic
acid, ester and amide derivatives serve an important role as the
most common precursors for the preparation of these
.alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-aminocarboxylic acid -incorporating drug
candidates.
[0005] Electrophilic .alpha.-dicarbonyl compounds are regarded as
interesting and highly reactive functional arrays which are capable
of undergoing a myriad of transformations.
[0006] Such chemical properties can be exploited in novel and
therapeutically useful ways by strategically incorporating these
reactive .alpha.-ketocarboxylic moieties into a peptidic or
peptidomimetic matrix.
[0007] Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) such as the Passerini and
Ugi reactions offer the ability to rapidly and efficiently generate
collections of structurally and functionally diverse organic
compounds. The Passerini reaction is a chemical reaction involving
isocyanides, aldehydes or ketones, and carboxylic acids to form
.alpha.-acyloxy amides. Compounds that are available through the
Passerini reaction may form highly valuable building blocks in the
convergent synthesis of compounds with medicinal effects, such as
for instance the prolyl dipeptide inhibitors Telaprevir or
Boceprevir.
[0008] WO2007/0022450 discloses for instance the preparation of a
cyclopropylamide by the coupling of Cb-norvalinal with cyclopropyl
isocyanide in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The obtained
compound is then deprotected, and the aminoalcohol then employed in
a synthesis of Telaprevir. However, the disclosed synthesis is
cumbersome, and only allows for a limited yield and variation of
the building blocks involved.
[0009] Accordingly, the access to such compound through a more
selective and higher yielding route would be highly desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The subject invention now provides for a synthesis of
.alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-aminocarboxylic acid derivatives such as to
.alpha.-acyloxy .beta.-formamido amides that advantageously can be
employed in multicomponent reactions (MCRs), such as Passerini and
Ugi reactions, which allow convergent syntheses with high atom and
step efficiency in good yield.
[0011] Accordingly, the present invention relates to a process for
the preparation of a compound of the general formula I
##STR00002##
comprising: [0012] a) reacting a compound of the general formula
II:
##STR00003##
[0012] with a compound of the formula III:
R.sup.2--COOH (III),
and a compound of the general formula IV
R.sup.3NC --(IV)
wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or
unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic or non-aromatic,
monocyclic, polycyclic or alkylcycloalkyl or a heterocyclic
structure; R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or
tricyclic, or heterocyclic structure; and R.sup.3 represents a
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl structure,
or a protective group that can reversible be removed.
[0013] In a first aspect, the present invention provides novel
methods for the synthesis of .alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-amino acid and
amide derivatives according to formula I and intermediates thereto.
These derivatives may be advantageously be employed as
intermediates for synthesis of peptidyl .alpha.-ketoamides and
.alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-amino carboxylic acid derivatives which are
useful as inhibitors of certain proteases, including serine and
cysteine proteases.
[0014] The process preferably involves reacting an N-terminally
protected amino aldehyde with an isonitrile and a carboxylic acid
to give an amino .alpha.-acyloxy carboxamide. The acyl group may
then be removed to give the derivative, or may advantageously
remain in position. Alternatively, the protecting group may removed
and an acyl shift may advantageously take place. The reaction is
performed under such conditions that compound I is formed.
[0015] The process according to present invention provides an
improved synthetic route to intermediates for the end target
compounds, with economy of synthesis, namely fewer synthetic steps,
improved yields, less consumption of reagents and fewer side
products than are obtained following conventional synthetic
routes.
[0016] In the process according to the invention, R.sup.1
preferably represents a hydrogen, a straight chain alkyl, a
branched chain alkyl, a cycloalkyl, an alkylene-cycloalkyl
preferably --CH.sub.2-cyclopropyl or --CH.sub.2-cyclobutyl, an
aryl, alkylene-aryl, SO.sub.2-alkyl, SO.sub.2-aryl,
alkylene-SO.sub.2-aryl, -alkylene-SO.sub.2-alkyl, heterocyclyl or
alkylene-heterocyclyl; CH.sub.2CO--X--H, --CH.sub.2CO--X-straight
chain alkyl, --CH.sub.2CO--X-branched chain alkyl,
--CH.sub.2CO--X-cycloalkyl, --CH.sub.2CO--X-alkylene-cycloalkyl,
--CH.sub.2CO--X-aryl, --CH.sub.2CO--X-alkylene-aryl,
--CH.sub.2CO--X-heterocyclyl, --CH.sub.2CO--X-alkylene-heterocyclyl
or --CH.sub.2CO-aryl; wherein X represents O, S or NH.
[0017] R.sup.2 preferably represents hydrogen, a straight chain
alkyl, a branched chain alkyl, a cycloalkyl, an
alkylene-cycloalkyl, an aryl, and/or alkylene-aryl.
[0018] R.sup.3 preferably represents a straight chain alkyl, a
branched chain alkyl, a cycloalkyl, an alkylene-cycloalkyl, an
aryl, and/or alkylene-aryl.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the subject invention, R.sup.1
represents an alkyl group such as ethyl or preferably n-propyl, or
an alkylcycloalkyl group, such as cyclobutylmethyl. More preferably
R.sup.2 preferably is a lower carboxylic acid group, preferably an
acetate group, and R.sup.3 preferably is a cyclopropyl group.
[0020] The process according to the present invention further
advantageously comprises a step b) of isolating the obtained
compound I from the reaction mixture.
[0021] This may be done by any suitable method known to a skilled
person, such as extraction, chromatographic separation,
distillation, crystallization or otherwise suitable process or
combinations thereof.
[0022] Alternatively, the compound remains in the reaction mixture,
and the isocyanide compound is added to the mixture.
[0023] Preferably, the aldehyde compound according to formula II is
derived from a substituted 2-amino-1-ethanol according to general
formula V:
##STR00004##
[0024] Preferably, the alcohol is enantiomerically substantially
pure, since this allows accessing a large number of different
stereoisomeric compounds from substituted alcohols, thus from
relatively simple building blocks.
[0025] Compound II may advantageously be prepared from an
substituted 2-amino-1-ethanol according to general formula V by A)
N-formylation, and B) by a selective oxidation of the primary
alcohol of the obtained N-formylatcd amino alcohol intermediate to
an aldehyde.
[0026] Steps (A) and (B) may be performed by any suitable method
known to a person skilled in the art.
[0027] Preferably, step (B) includes a Dess-Martin oxidation of the
alcohol to an aldehyde.
[0028] The oxidation is advantageously performed by employing a
Dess-Martin oxidation. In this way, the stereogenic centre and
various substituents R.sup.1 can be introduced from often
commercially or synthetically readily available 2-aminoethanols. A
so-called Dess-Martin oxidation employs the Dess-Martin Periodinane
(DMP), a hypervalent iodine compound for the selective and very
mild oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, as disclosed
for instance in Y. Yip, F. Victor, J. Lamar, R. Johnson, Q. M.
Wang, J. I. Glass, N. Yumibe, M. Wakulchik, J. Munroe, S.-H Chen,
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2004, 14, 5007-5011.
[0029] The oxidation preferably may be performed in
dichloromethane, chloroform of THF at room temperature, and is
usually complete within 0.5-2 hours. Products are easily separated
from the iodine-containing by-products after basic work-up.
[0030] Preferably, the Dess-Martin oxidation according to the
invention is performed in the presence of compound IV, in such a
way that the aldehyde II that is formed during the Dess-Martin
oxidation immediately reacts in a Passerini reaction with the
acetic acid that is formed as a by-product of the Dess-Martin
oxidation as carboxylic acid III and isocyanide IV. This has the
tremendous benefit that the atomic efficiency of the reaction is
increased, since the Dess-Martin Periodinane (DMP) also provides a
reactant for the second stage of the reaction, i.e., the Passerini
three-component reaction. In addition, the combination of two
reaction steps in one pot is advantageous in terms of both time and
resources, since among other benefits less solvent and manpower are
required due to the single workup stage, and since less separation
steps by chromatography are required. Accordingly, compound II is
advantageously not isolated after step B), but the isocyanide
component IV is added to the reaction mixture after the oxidation
is complete. In this case, the lower carboxylic acid, preferably
acetic acid released from the Dess-Martin Periodinane acts as
component III, thereby resulting in a carbon efficient process with
minimal handling and isolation issues. Moreover, the aldehyde
compounds obtained can directly be converted with high selectivity
to compound (I) as defined herein above, which is usually more
stable than the aldehyde component, thereby increasing the overall
yield. Accordingly the present invention also relates to a process
including combining the Dess-Martin oxidation in one pot with the
Passerini reaction to afford .alpha.-acyloxy-.beta.-formamido
amides (I) directly.
[0031] The process according to the present invention further
advantageously comprises a step c) of subjecting compound I to
dehydrating conditions to obtain an isocyanide compound according
to general formula VI:
##STR00005## [0032] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as
defined herein above.
[0033] This may advantageously be achieved for instance by
treatment of the formamido compound (I) with phosgene,
diphosgene(trichloromethylchloroformate), triphosgene
[bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate], and/or POCl.sub.3. The reaction
step (c) usually performed in the presence of a base, typically a
tertiary amine base such as triethylamine or
N-methylmorpholine.
[0034] Preferably, therefore, R.sup.2 is a lower carboxylic acid,
more preferably acetate.
[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the subject process, R.sup.1 is
preferably is an alkyl group, such as n-propyul, or an
alkylcycloalkyl group, preferably --CH.sub.2-cyclopropyl or
--CH.sub.2-cyclobutyl.
[0036] In a further preferred embodiment of the subject process,
R.sup.3 is a cycloalkyl or hydrogen, or a protective group as
usually employed to reversably protect primary amines.
[0037] In yet a further preferred embodiment of the subject
process, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are chosen such that the
compound according to formula VI has a structure according to
general formula VII:
##STR00006##
[0038] In yet a further preferred embodiment of the subject
process, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are chosen such that the
compound according to formula VI has a structure according to
general formula VIII:
##STR00007##
[0039] wherein R.sup.1 represents a lower carboxylic acid group,
preferably acetate, and R.sup.2 represents reversibly attached
protective group.
[0040] The isocyanide compound VI can advantageously be employed in
reaction processes such as Ugi or related multicomponent reactions
that make use of isocyanide compounds in the convergent synthesis
of complex structures, such a prolyl dipeptide structures.
[0041] Accordingly, the subject process further advantageously
comprises reacting the compound according to formula IV with a
compound having the general formula IX:
##STR00008##
or the respective diastereomers, and a compound of the general
formula X:
R.sup.7--COOH(X),
to obtain a compound according to general formula XI or its
respective diastereomers
##STR00009##
wherein R.sup.4 represents each independently, or jointly a
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic or
non-aromatic, mono-, di- or tricyclic, or heterocyclic structure,
and [0042] R.sup.5 represents represents each independently a
hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or tricyclic, or
heterocyclic structure, [0043] R.sup.6 represents the structure
derived from compound I wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are
defined herein above, and [0044] R.sup.7 represents a substituted
or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, or an aromatic or
non-aromatic aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or tricyclic, or
heterocyclic structure, and R.sup.7 represents a substituted or
unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, or an aromatic or
non-aromatic aromatic or non-aromatic, mono-, di- or tricyclic, or
heterocyclic structure, under conditions that compound XI is
formed.
[0045] In the case of R.sup.5 being different from hydrogen, the
diastereomers of compound IX referred to above include the
following compounds of general formula IXa and IXb,
respectively:
##STR00010##
resulting predominantly in the compounds of general formula XIa and
XIb, respectively:
##STR00011##
The (3R,7S)-diastereomers, i.e. the diastereomers having the
opposite configuration of the substituents R.sup.4 can also be
employed, yielding the equivalent (3R,7S)-configured proline
derivatives XI.
[0046] Preferably, both substituents R.sup.5 represent hydrogen,
and both substituents R.sup.4 jointly form a substituted or
unsubstituted 3-, 4-, 5- , 6-, 7- or 8 membered ring structure.
More preferably, R.sup.4 is chosen such that the compound according
to formula I has the structure according to formula XII:
##STR00012##
according to formula XIII:
##STR00013##
or according to formula XIV:
##STR00014##
[0047] Preferably, R.sup.7 represents a structure according to
general formula XV:
##STR00015##
wherein R.sup.a and R.sup.b each independently represents a
hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group comprising from
1 to 4 carbon atoms, a lower alkyl group substituted by halogen, a
cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower
thioalkyl group, a cycloalkyloxy group, an aralkyloxy group or an
alkanoyl group; a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a formyl group, an
amino group which may be protected or substituted, a cycloalkyloxy,
aralkyloxy, alkanoyl, ureido or mono-, di- or tricyclic
heterocyclic group, all of which groups may optionally be
substituted. In a preferred embodiment of the subject process, the
compound according to formula XII
##STR00016##
is reacted with a compound according to general formula XVI:
##STR00017##
and a compound according to general formula VII as defined herein
above to obtain a compound according to formula XVII:
##STR00018##
[0048] After the reaction, compound XVII may advantageously be
isolated from the reaction mixture.
[0049] The subject process further preferably comprises subjecting
the compound according to formula XVII to a saponification reaction
to remove the acetate from the secondary alcohol at the
.alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-amino acid structure. The saponification
preferably is carried out by contacting the compound according to
formula XVII with an alkaline metal carbonate, preferably
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 in a suitable solvent, to obtain a saponified
alcohol product according to formula XVII a (not depicted here).
The subject invention also relates to compounds XVII and XVIIa.
[0050] The released intermediate compound XVIIa comprising the
secondary alcohol is then subjected to a selective oxidation to a
ketone to form compound XVIII,
##STR00019##
[0051] This compound, which is also known as Telaprevir, could be
prepared in higher yields than any previously disclosed processes
according to the process of the present invention.
[0052] In a further preferred embodiment of the subject process, a
compound according to general formula XVIII above is reacted with
an acid compound according to general formula XIX:
##STR00020##
[0053] and an isocyanate compound according to the present
invention according to general formula XXI:
##STR00021##
[0054] This reaction will result in compound XXI,
##STR00022##
which may advantageously be saponified to a secondary alcohol and
subsequently oxidized to a ketone, thereby yielding, after removal
under suitable conditions of the R.sup.2 group, a compound
according to formula XXIII:
##STR00023##
also known as Boceprevir.
[0055] The process according to the present invention
advantageously permits to selectively produce the two diastereomers
according to the general formula XXIIa:
##STR00024##
and according to the general formula XXIIb, respectively,
##STR00025##
[0056] The subject invention therefore also relates to a process
wherein XIIa or XIIb are selectively prepared, and to the thus
obtained compounds XXIa or XXIII, as well as to compounds XIIa or
XIIb.
[0057] Suitable solvents for the subject reaction are polar protic
and aprotic organic solvents, including methanol, ethanol,
2-propanol and other alcohol solvent, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane,
acetonitrile, and/or mixtures of these solvents with water or less
polar organic solvents, such as dichloromethane or chloroform.
[0058] The saponification or removal of the ester group through
hydrolysis may be performed by any suitable method known to a
skilled person. Preferably, it is carried out by contacting the
obtained reaction product according to formula I with an alkaline
metal carbonate, more preferably K.sub.2CO.sub.3 in a suitable
solvent, to obtain a saponified alcohol product. The saponified
alcohol product may then advantageously be oxidised selectively at
the secondary alcohol function, preferably without affecting the
other structures on the compound, to yield a ketone compound.
[0059] The selective oxidation is preferably carried out by
contacting the saponified alcohol product with a suitable oxidant
in a suitable solvent. Suitable solvents include dichloromethane,
THF, ethyl acetate, DMSO. Suitable oxidants include hypervalent
iodine reagents such as IBX, Dess-Martin periodinane, etc., or a
combination of TEMPO and PhI(OAc).sub.2 or related reagents.
[0060] The present invention further advantageously also relates to
all novel intermediates obtainable by the subject process, more
preferably to compounds XIV and XIX prior to saponification, to the
compounds having the saponified secondary alcohols, and to all
novel intermediates and building blocks.
Experimental Part
EXAMPLE 1
Synthesis of (S)-2-formamidopentanal (1)
##STR00026##
[0061] Compound (1) and its dimeric form
[0062] Dess-Martin periodinane (5.514 g, 13 mmol) was added to a
solution of (S)-2-formamido-1-pentanol (1.31 g, 10 mmol) in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 ml) at room temperature.
[0063] The white suspension was stirred for 2 days and subsequently
35 ml MeOH was added and stirred for 30 minutes. The resulting
suspension was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated in
vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel flash
chromatography (cHex:EtOAc=1:4) to give compound 1 (1.08 g, 8.29
mmol, 83%) as a white solid. NMR analysis indicates that compound 1
is in equilibrium with its cyclic dimmer, which was found to form a
mixture of diastereomers.
[0064] [.alpha.].sub.D.sup.200=+37.6 (c=0.745, CHCl.sub.3); .sup.1H
NMR assigned to the monomer (250.13 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta.=8.22
(s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.10 (in, 1H), 5.31 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 4H),
0.95 (m, 3H); .sup.13C NMR assigned to the monomer (100.61 MHz,
CDCl3): 198.8 (CH), 161.7 (CH), 57.4 (CH), 30.8 (CH.sub.2), 18.4
(CH.sub.2), 13.7 (CH.sub.3); .sup.1HNMR assigned to the dimer
(400.13 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.22 (s, 2H), 5.26 (m, 2H), 3.72 (m, 2H)
1.52 (m, 8H), 0.95 (m, 6H;) .sup.13C NMR (100.61 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
assigned to the dimer: 161.7 (CH), 89.8 (CH), 63.1 (CH), 30.8
(CH2), 18.4 (CH2), 13.7 (CH3); IR (neat): v.sub.max (cm.sup.-1):
3325 (s), 2959 (s), 1649 (s), 1530 (s), 1381 (m), 1123 (w); HRMS
(ESI, 4500 V): m/z calc. for C.sub.6H.sub.12NO.sub.2.sup.+
([M+H].sup.30 ) 130.0863, found 130.0858.
EXAMPLE 2
Synthesis from Compound 1 as Obtained in Example 1
##STR00027##
[0065] (3S)-2-acetoxy-N-cyclopropyl-3-formamidohexanoyl amide
(3).
[0066] Aldehyde compound 1 (0.892 g, 6.91 mmol) was added to a
solution of cyclopropyl isocyanide (0.410 g, 6.12 mmol) in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (110 ml) and stirred for 5 minutes at room
temperature. Acetic acid (0.711 ml, 0.747 g, 12.44 mmol) was added
and the yellow reaction mixture was stirred for 3 days at room
temperature. The reaction mixture was washed twice with 100 ml
saturated Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, followed by drying with
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentration in vacuo. The crude was purified
by silica gel flash chromatography (5% MeOH in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, 1%
triethylamine). (3S)-2-acetoxy-N-cyclopropyl-3-formamidohexanoyl
amide (0.99 g, 3.87 mmol, 56%) was obtained as a white solid as a
78:22 mixture of diastereomers.
EXAMPLE 3
In Situ-Preparation of
(38)-2-acetoxy-N-cyclopropyl-3-formamido-hexanoyl amide (3) without
Isolation of the Compound Obtained in Example 1
[0067] Dess-Martin periodinane (5.66 g, 12.3 mmol) was added to a
solution of (S)-N-(1hydroxypentan-2-yl)formamide (1.15 g, 8.8 mmol)
in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (12 ml) at room temperature. The white
suspension was stirred for 60 minutes and subsequently cyclopropyl
isocyanide (0.74 g, 10.0 mmol) was added and stirred for 48 hours.
The resulting suspension was filtrated and washed twice with 10 ml
saturated Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, followed by drying with
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentration in vacuo. The crude product was
purified by silica gel flash chromatography (5% MeOH in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, 1% triethylamine) to give compound 3 (1.34 g,
5.22 mmol, 60%) as a pale yellow solid as a 78:22 mixture of
diastereomers.
[0068] .sup.1H NMR (130.degree. C., 400.13 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6):
.delta.=8.03 (s, 1H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 7.30 (m, 1H), 4.89 (d, J=4.4,
1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.17(s, 3H), 1.27-1.47 (m, 4H),
0.89 (t, J=7.2, 3H), 0.63 (m, 2H), 0.48 (m, 2H); .sup.13C NMR
(125.78 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta.=169.8 (C), 168.5 (C), 160.6
(CH), 74.4 (CH), 47.5 (CH), 22.2 (CH), 18.4 (CH.sub.3), 13.6
(CH.sub.3), 5.7 (CH.sub.2); IR (neat): v.sub.max (cm.sup.-1) 3283
(s), 2961 (w), 1744 (m), 1661 (s), 1530 (s), 1238 (s); HRMS (ESI,
4500 V): m/z calcd. for C.sub.12H.sub.20N.sub.2O.sub.4Na.sup.+
([M+Na].sup.+) 279.1315, found 279.1325.
EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of (3S)-2-acetoxy-N-cyclopropyl-3-isocyano-hexanoyl
amide (4)
##STR00028##
[0069] (3S)-2-acetoxy-N-cyclopropyl-3-isocyano-hexanoyl amide
(4)
[0070] N-methylmorpholine (0.57 ml, 0.562 g, 5.56 mmol) was added
to a solution of
(S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-3-formamido-1-oxohexan-2-yl acetate (0.713
g, 2.78 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (40 ml) at room temperature. The
reaction mixture was cooled to -78.degree. C. and triphosgene
(0.289 g, 0.97 mmol) was quickly added and stirred for 5 minutes at
this temperature. The resulting yellow solution was warmed up to
-30.degree. C. and was stirred for another 3 h. Subsequently, the
reaction was quenched with water and extracted twice with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (40 ml). The organic layers were collected, dried
with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product
was purified by silica gel flash chromatography (2% MeOH in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) to give 4 (0.578 g, 2.42 mmol, 87%) as a white
solid.
[0071] .sup.1H NMR (250.13 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta.=6.28 (s, 1H),
5.25 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.2 (m, 1H), 2.74 (m, 1H), 2.24 (s, 3H),
1.55 (m, 4H), 0.96 (m, 3H), 0.84 (m, 2H), 0.60 (m, 2H); .sup.13C
NMR (62.90 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta.=169.7 (C), 168.3 (C), 74.4
(CH), 47.5 (CH), 22.0 (CH), 20.6 (CH.sub.3), 18.5 (CH.sub.2), 13.5
(CH.sub.3), 5.5 (CH.sub.2); IR (neat): v.sub.max (cm.sup.-1): 3267
(s), 2959 (m), 1745 (m), 1643 (s), 1512 (m), 1221 (s); HRMS (ESI,
4500 V): m/z calcd. for
C.sub.12H.sub.18N.sub.2O.sub.3Na.sup.+([M+Na].sup.+) 261.1210,
found 261.1214.
EXAMPLE 5
##STR00029##
[0073] General Structure of the compound obtained in Example 5.
[0074] The Isocyanide obtained in Example 4 (0.549 g, 2.3 mmol) was
dropwise added to a solution of (3S, &R)
3-azabicyclo-[3,3,0]oct-2-ene imine (0.252 g, 2.3 mmol) and
(S)-24((S)-2-cyclohexyl-2-(pyrazine-2-carboxamido)acetamido)-3,3-dimethyl-
butanoic acid (0.602 g, 1.60 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (5 ml) at
room temperature. This yellow solution was stirred for 72 hours and
afterwards diluted with 5 ml CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The reaction mixture
was washed twice with saturated Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution (10 ml)
and twice with saturated NH.sub.4Cl. The organic layers were
collected, dried with MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated in vacuo. The
crude product was purified by silica gel flash chromatography (5%
MeOH in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) to give 5 (0.876 g, 1.21 mmol, 76%) as a
mixture of diastereomers.
[0075] .sup.1H NMR (500.23 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta.=9.50 (s, 1H),
8.75 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=9.0, 1H), 6.84 (d,
J=9.0, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.20 (d, J=3.0, 1H), 4.74 (d, J=9.5, 1H),
4.58 (t, J=7.5, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 3.37 (d, J=6.0, 1H), 2.82 (m,
1H), 2.69 (m, 1H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.26 (s, 2H), 0.97 (s, 9H), 0.86
(m, 3H), 0.84-2.00 (m, 21H), 0.76 (m, 2H), 0.51 (in, 2H); .sup.13C
NMR (125.78 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta.=170.5 (C), 169.3 (C), 162.9
(C), 147.4 (CH), 144.6 (CH), 144.2 (C), 142.8 (CH), 74.4 (CH), 66.6
(CH), 58.3 (CH), 56.6 (CH), 54.5 (CH.sub.2), 44.9 (CH), 43.0 (CH),
41.3 (CH), 35.5 (C), 26.4 (CH.sub.3), 20.8 (CH.sub.3), 19.1
(CH.sub.2), 13.8 (CH.sub.3), 6.6 (CH.sub.2); v.sub.max (cm.sup.-1):
3306 (m), 2928 (m), 2931 (m), 1743 (w), 1655 (s), 1520 (m), 1219
(m); HRMS (ESI, 4500 V): m/z calcd. for
C.sub.38H.sub.57N.sub.7O.sub.7Na.sup.+ ([M+Na].sup.+) 746.4212,
found 746.4107.
EXAMPLE 6
##STR00030##
[0076] Telaprevir (Example 6)
[0077] 250 .mu.l of saturated K.sub.2CO.sub.3 was added to a
solution of the compound obtained in Example 5 (0.514 g, 0.75 mmol)
in MeOH (20 ml) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was
stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature resulting in a pale
yellow suspension. After full conversion (as judged by TLC
analysis), the reaction mixture was washed with 20 ml brine, the
aqueous layer was washed again with 10 ml CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2
(2.times.). The organic layers were collected, dried with
MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated in vacuo, to yield a pale yellow solid.
The yellow solid was dissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 ml) and
Dess-Martin periodinane (0.650 g, 1.532 mmol) was added at room
temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight before
adding saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution (10 ml) and saturated
Na.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.3 solution (10 ml). This mixture was stirred
for 10 minutes, separated and the aqueous layers were washed with
EtOAc (2.times.10 ml). The organic layers were collected, dried
with MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product
as an 83:13:4 mixture of diastereomers. After silica gel flash
chromatography (1% MeOH in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2), 5 (0.412 mg, 0.61
mmol, 80%) was obtained as a white solid. .sup.1H NMR (500.23 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta.=9.19 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.91 (d, J=24.5 Hz,
1H), 8.76 (dd, J=1.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.71 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (d,
J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.94
(in, 1H), 4.68 (dd, J=6.5, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H),
4.27 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (dd, J=8.0, 10 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (m, 1H),
3.64 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.87 (t, 3H), 0.84-1.40 (m,
23H), 0.65 (m, 2H), 0.56 (m, 2H); .sup.13C NMR (125.78 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3): .delta.=197.0 (C), 171.8 (C), 170.4 (C), 169.0 (C),
162.1 (C), 161.9 (C), 147.9 (CH), 144.0 (C), 143.4 (CH), 56.4 (CH),
56.3 (CH), 54.2 (CH), 53.4 (CH), 42.3 (CH), 41.3 (CH), 32.1 (CH),
31.8 (CH), 31.6 (CH), 29.1 (CH), 28.0 (CH), 26.4 (CH.sub.3);
V.sub.max (cm.sup.-1): 3302 (m), 2928 (m), 2858 (w), 1658 (s), 1620
(s), 1561 (s), 1442 (m); HRMS (ESI, 4500 V): m/z calcd. for
C.sub.36H.sub.53N.sub.7O.sub.6Na.sup.+ ([M+Na].sup.+) 702.3950,
found 702.3941.
* * * * *