U.S. patent application number 14/134490 was filed with the patent office on 2014-07-31 for organic light emitting diode.
The applicant listed for this patent is Samsung Display Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Sung-Jun Bae, Byung-Hoon Chun, Ja-Hyun Im, Seong-Jong Kang, Kwan-Hee Lee.
Application Number | 20140209874 14/134490 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51221938 |
Filed Date | 2014-07-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140209874 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chun; Byung-Hoon ; et
al. |
July 31, 2014 |
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
Abstract
Provided is an organic light emitting diode that is highly
efficient and has a long lifespan. The organic light emitting diode
includes a carbazole-based compound for improving light emission
efficiency. In certain embodiments an electron transport layer can
include an anthraces-based compound. The organic light emitting
diode may be included in a flat display diode including a thin film
transistor (TFT).
Inventors: |
Chun; Byung-Hoon;
(Yongin-City, KR) ; Im; Ja-Hyun; (Yongin-City,
KR) ; Bae; Sung-Jun; (Yongin-City, KR) ; Kang;
Seong-Jong; (Yongin-City, KR) ; Lee; Kwan-Hee;
(Yongin-City, KR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Samsung Display Co., Ltd. |
Yongin-City |
|
KR |
|
|
Family ID: |
51221938 |
Appl. No.: |
14/134490 |
Filed: |
December 19, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
257/40 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01L 27/3211 20130101;
H01L 51/0061 20130101; H01L 51/5072 20130101; H01L 51/0055
20130101; H01L 51/5056 20130101; H01L 51/0072 20130101; H01L
51/0058 20130101; H01L 51/0059 20130101; H01L 51/006 20130101; H01L
51/0067 20130101; H01L 51/0069 20130101; H01L 51/0052 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
257/40 |
International
Class: |
H01L 51/50 20060101
H01L051/50; H01L 27/32 20060101 H01L027/32; H01L 51/00 20060101
H01L051/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 30, 2013 |
KR |
10-2013-0010715 |
Claims
1. An organic light emitting diode comprising a substrate
comprising: a first subpixel, a second subpixel, and a third
subpixel; a plurality of first electrodes disposed in the first
subpixel, the second subpixel, and the third subpixel; a second
electrodes disposed opposite to the first electrodes; an emission
layer disposed between the first electrodes and the second
electrode and comprising a first emission layer, a second emission
layer and a third emission layer; the first emission layer is
disposed between the first electrode in the first subpixel and the
second electrode and emits a first colored light; the second
emission layer is disposed between the first electrode in the
second subpixel and the second electrode and emits a second colored
light; the third emission layer is disposed between the first
electrode in the third subpixel and the second electrode and emits
a third colored light; a hole transport layer disposed between the
first electrode and the emission layer; an electron transport layer
disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode; and a
layer for improving third colored light efficiency disposed between
the third emission layer and the hole transport layer; wherein, the
first colored light is a red light, the second colored light is a
green light, and the third colored light is a blue light, wherein
the layer for improving third colored light efficiency comprises a
carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 below; wherein,
the electron transport layer comprises an electron transport
material represented by one of Formulas 10A, 10B, 10C, and 20A:
##STR00070## wherein, in Formula 1, L.sub.50 is a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group or a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group; y is an integer
of 1 to 5; R.sub.50 and R.sub.51 are each independently, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60aryl group, or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group;
R.sub.60 to R.sub.67 are each independently, a hydrogen atom, a
deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a
nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,
a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; in
Formulae 10A to 10C, Ar.sub.41 and Ar.sub.42 are each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl
group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl
group; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each independently, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group or a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group; a and b are
each independently, 0, 1 or 2; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted benzothiazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
benzopyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
imidazopyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted quinazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted pyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted chrysenyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group or a substituted or
unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each
independently, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.20
aryl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.20
aryl group, each of which can be substituted with at least one of a
deuterium atom, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, a
nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, or a phosphoric acid group or a salt
thereof; and wherein, in Formula 20A, T.sub.1 to T.sub.3 are each
independently, an N or a C(R.sub.100), wherein R.sub.100 is a
hydrogen atom; a deuterium atom; --F; --Cl; --Br; --I; --CN; a
hydroxyl group; --NO.sub.2; an amino group; an amidino group; a
hydrazine group; a hydrazone; a carboxyl group or a salt thereof; a
sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a
salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60
alkoxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60
alkoxy group; each of which can be substituted with at least one of
a deuterium atom, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, a
nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, or a phosphoric acid group or a salt
thereof; Ar.sub.201 to Ar.sub.203 are each independently, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group;
p, q and r are each independently, 0, 1 or 2; Ar.sub.211 to
Ar.sub.213 are each independently, a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.2-C.sub.60heteroaryl group.
2. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the layer
for improving third colored light efficiency is disposed only in
the third subpixel.
3. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the layer
for improving third colored light efficiency is a common layer
disposed on all of the first subpixel, the second subpixel, and the
third subpixel.
4. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the hole
transport layer contacts the layer for improving third colored
light efficiency and the layer for improving third colored light
efficiency contacts the third emission layer.
5. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the hole
transport layer comprises at least one hole transporting material
represented by Formula 300 and a second hole transporting material
represented by Formula 301: ##STR00071## wherein, in Formulae 300
and 301, Ar.sub.101 and Ar.sub.102 are each independently, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group; xa and
xb are each independently an integer of 0 to 5; R.sub.101 to
R.sub.108, R.sub.111 to R.sub.119 and R.sub.121 to R.sub.124 are
each independently, a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen
atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino
group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl
group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a
phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, or a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; and R.sub.109 is a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group
or a pyridyl group; each of which can be substituted with at least
one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano
group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine
group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic
acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt
thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl
group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy
group.
6. The organic light emitting diode of claim 5, wherein in
Ar.sub.101 and Ar.sub.102 are each independently, a phenylene
group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene
group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene, acenaphthylene group,
a fluolenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenyl group,
an anthrylene group, a fluorantenylene group, a triphenylenylene
group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a
naphthasenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group or
a pentacenylene group; each of which can be substituted with at
least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a
cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a
hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a
sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a
salt thereof, C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkinyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60
alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a
C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10
heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl
group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy
group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroaryl group.
7. The organic light emitting diode of claim 5, wherein in Formula
300, xa is 1 and xb is 0.
8. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein in Formula
1, L.sub.50 is a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an
indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a
heptalenylene, acenaphthylene group, a fluolenylene group, a
phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthrylene group, a
fluorantenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene
group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthasenylene group, a
picenylene group, a perylenylene group and a pentacenylene group;
each of which can be substituted with at least one of a deuterium
atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro
group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,
a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a
C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkinyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a
C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl
group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a
C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl
group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60
arylthio group or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group.
9. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein, in Formula
1, R.sub.50 and R.sub.51 are each independently a phenyl group, a
naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a pyridyl group; each of which
can be substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen
atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino
group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl
group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a
phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl
group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, phenyl group, a naphthyl
group, an anthryl group or a pyridinyl group.
10. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein R.sub.60
to R.sub.67 are each independently, a hydrogen atom, a deuterium
atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro
group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,
a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a pyridyl
group; and wherein the phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group
and pyridinyl group can be substituted with at least one of a
deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a
nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,
a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group or a pyridinyl
group.
11. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the
carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by
one of Formulae 1A to 1N: ##STR00072## ##STR00073## ##STR00074##
##STR00075## wherein, in Formula 1A to 1N, Q50 to Q53 and R.sub.60
to R.sub.67 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a
deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a
nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,
a C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an
anthryl group, a biphenyl group or a pyridyl group.
12. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the
carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 is Compound 1
below: ##STR00076##
13. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the hole
transport layer further comprises a p-dopant.
14. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the
electron transport material comprises an anthracene compound
represented by any one of Formulae 10A(1) to 10A(12), 10B(1) to
10B(12) or 10C(1) to 10C(6): ##STR00077## ##STR00078## ##STR00079##
##STR00080## ##STR00081## ##STR00082## ##STR00083## ##STR00084##
##STR00085## ##STR00086## wherein, L.sub.1, L.sub.2, a, b, R.sub.1
to R.sub.4 of Formula 10A(1) to 10A(12), 10B(1) to 10B(12) and
10C(1) to 10C(6) are the same as in claim 1.
15. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the
electron transport material comprises a compound represented by
Formula 20A, wherein in Formula 20A, T.sub.1 to T.sub.3 are all N;
T.sub.1 is C(R.sub.100), T.sub.2 and T.sub.3 are N; and T.sub.1 to
T.sub.3 are all C(R.sub.100).
16. The organic light emitting diode of claim 15, wherein, in
Formula 20A, Ar.sub.201 to Ar.sub.203 are each independently a
phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthrylene group, a
pyrenylene group, a fluolenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a
pyrazinylene group and a pyrimidinyl group; each of which can be
substituted with at least one of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,
an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl
group, a pyrazinyl group or a pyrimidinyl group.
17. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the
electron transport material comprises one of Compounds 200 to 210
and Compounds 600 to 605 below: ##STR00087## ##STR00088##
##STR00089## ##STR00090## ##STR00091## ##STR00092##
18. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the
carbazole-based compound is represented by one of Formulae 1A to
1N, the electron transport material comprises one of Compounds 200
to 210 and Compounds 600 to 605: ##STR00093## ##STR00094##
##STR00095## ##STR00096## wherein, in Formula 1A to 1N, Q.sub.50 to
Q.sub.53 and R.sub.60 to R.sub.67 are each independently a hydrogen
atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano
group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine
group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic
acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt
thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl
group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group or a pyridyl group
##STR00097## ##STR00098## ##STR00099## ##STR00100## ##STR00101##
##STR00102##
19. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the
electron transport layer further comprises a lithium complex.
20. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the
electron transport layer further comprises a lithium quinolate.
Description
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0001] This application makes reference to, incorporates the same
herein, and claims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119
from an application for ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE, earlier filed
in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Jan. 30, 2013 and
there duly assigned Serial No. 10-2013-0010715.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] One or more embodiments of the present invention relates to
an organic light emitting diode and a method of preparing the
same.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are
self-emitting diodes, have advantages such as wide viewing angles,
excellent contrast, quick response, high brightness, excellent
driving voltage properties, and can provide multicolored
images.
[0006] A typical OLED has a structure including a substrate, and an
anode, a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), an
electron transport layer (ETL), and a cathode which are
sequentially stacked on the substrate. In this regard, the HTL, the
EML, and the ETL are organic thin films formed of organic
compounds.
[0007] An operating principle of an OLED having the above-described
structure is referred to herein.
[0008] When a voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode,
holes injected from the anode move to the EML via the HTL, and
electrons injected from the cathode move to the EML via the ETL.
The holes and electrons recombine in the EML to generate excitons.
When the excitons drop from an excited state to a ground state,
light is emitted.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] One or more embodiments include a high-performance organic
light emitting diode having a long lifespan.
[0010] One or more embodiments include an organic light emitting
diode including a substrate including a first subpixel, a second
subpixel, and a third subpixel;
[0011] a plurality of first electrodes separately formed in the
first subpixel, the second subpixel, and the third subpixel;
[0012] a second electrode disposed opposite to the first
electrode;
[0013] an emission layer disposed between the first electrodes and
the second electrode and comprising a first emission layer disposed
between the first electrode in the first subpixel and the second
electrode and emitting a first colored light, a second emission
layer disposed between the first electrode in the second subpixel
and the second electrode and emitting a second colored light, and a
third emission layer disposed between the first electrode in the
third subpixel and the second electrode and emitting a third
colored light;
[0014] a hole transport layer disposed between the first electrode
and the emission layer;
[0015] an electron transport layer disposed between the emission
layer and the second electrode; and
[0016] a layer for improving third colored light efficiency
disposed between the third emission layer and the hole transport
layer;
[0017] wherein, the first colored light is a red light, the second
colored light is a green light, and the third colored light is a
blue light,
[0018] wherein the layer for improving third colored light
efficiency includes a carbazole-based compound represented by
Formula 1 below;
[0019] wherein, the electron transport layer includes an electron
transport material represented by one of Formulas 10A, 10B, 10C,
and 20A:
##STR00001##
[0020] wherein, in Formula 1,
[0021] L.sub.50 may be a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group;
[0022] y may be an integer of 1 to 5;
[0023] R.sub.50 and R.sub.51 may be each independently, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group;
[0024] R.sub.60 to R.sub.67 may be each independently, a hydrogen
atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano
group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine
group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic
acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt
thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cycloalkyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group;
[0025] in Formulae 10A to 10C,
[0026] Ar.sub.41 and Ar.sub.42 may be each independently, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group;
[0027] L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 may be each independently, a substituted
or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group or a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group;
[0028] a and b may be each independently, 0, 1 or 2;
[0029] R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be each independently, a substituted
or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted benzoxazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
benzothiazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
benzopyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
imidazopyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted quinazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted pyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted chrysenyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group or a substituted or
unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group;
[0030] R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be each independently, a
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl group;
and
[0031] C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and C.sub.2-C.sub.20 aryl
group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, --F,
--Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino
group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl
group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof,
and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;
[0032] and in Formula 20A,
[0033] T.sub.1 to T.sub.3 may be each independently, N or
C(R.sub.100), wherein R.sub.100 is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium
atom, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, --NO.sub.2, an
amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a
carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt
thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a
C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group;
and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy
group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, --F,
--Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino
group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl
group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof,
and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;
[0034] Ar.sub.201 to Ar.sub.203 may be each independently, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene
group;
[0035] p, q and r may be each independently, 0, 1 or 2;
[0036] Ar.sub.211 to Ar.sub.213 may be each independently, a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group.
[0037] The organic light emitting diode may have high-performance
and a long lifespan.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] A more complete appreciation of the invention, and many of
the attendant advantages thereof, will be readily apparent as the
same becomes better understood by reference to the following
detailed description when considered in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings in which like reference symbols indicate the
same or similar components, wherein:
[0039] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an organic light emitting
diode according to an embodiment;
[0040] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an organic light emitting
diode according to another embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0041] As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all
combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Expressions such as "at least one of," when preceding a list of
elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the
individual elements of the list.
[0042] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an organic light emitting
diode according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, a structure and a
method of manufacturing the organic light emitting diode according
to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with
reference to FIG. 1.
[0043] A substrate 101 of an organic light emitting diode 100 of
FIG. 1 includes a first subpixel, a second subpixel, and a third
subpixel.
[0044] A plurality of first electrodes 103 are disposed as separate
patterns in the first subpixel, the second subpixel, and the third
subpixel. A hole transport layer 107 as a common layer is formed on
the first electrodes 103.
[0045] An emission layer including a first emission layer 113-1, a
second emission layer 113-2, and a third emission layer 113-3 is
formed on the hole transport layer 107. The first emission layer
113-1 emitting a first light is patterned to be formed in the first
subpixel, the second emission layer 113-2 emitting a second light
is patterned to be formed in the second subpixel, and the third
emission layer 113-3 emitting a third colored light is patterned to
be formed in the third subpixel.
[0046] A first auxiliary layer 114-1 patterned to be formed only in
the first subpixel is disposed between the first emission layer
113-1 and the hole transport layer 107, a second auxiliary layer
114-2 patterned to be formed only in the second subpixel is
disposed between the second emission layer 113-2 and the hole
transport layer 107, and a layer for improving third colored light
efficiency 114-3 patterned to be formed only in the third subpixel
is disposed between the third emission layer 113-3 and the hole
transport layer 107.
[0047] On the emission layer, an electron transport layer 115, an
electron injecting layer 117, and the second electrode 119, each
being a common layer are formed sequentially.
[0048] The term "common layer" as used herein refers to a layer
that is not a separate pattern for each of the first subpixel, the
second subpixel, and the third subpixel, but rather is formed over
all of the first subpixel, the second subpixel, the third
subpixel.
[0049] The first colored light, the second colored light, and the
third colored light may be, for example, a red colored light, a
green colored light, and a blue colored light, respectively.
Accordingly, the organic light emitting diode may emit a full color
spectrum. The first colored light, the second colored light, and
the third colored light may be in any of a variety of colors, and
are not limited to the red light, the green light, and the blue
light, provided that a mixed light thereof may be a white
light.
[0050] As the substrate 101, a substrate generally used in the
organic light emitting diode may be used such as a glass substrate
or a transparent plastic substrate having excellent mechanical
strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface finish,
handleability, and waterproofness may be used.
[0051] A plurality of the first electrodes 103 are disposed as
separate patterns in the first subpixel, the second subpixel, and
the third subpixel, which are formed on the substrate 101. The
first electrode 103 may be a reflective electrode, a transmissive
electrode, or a semi-transmissive electrode.
[0052] The first electrode 103 may be formed by providing a first
electrode material on the substrate 101 by deposition or
sputtering. When the first electrode 103 is an anode, a first
electrode material having a high work function may be selected for
easy hole injection into the first emission layer 113-1, the second
emission layer 113-2, and a hole transport-third emission layer
110.
[0053] The first electrode 103 may include at least one metal
selected from among magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium
(Al--Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg--In), magnesium-silver
(Mg--Ag), and the like to form a reflective electrode. Also, the
first electrode 103 may further include indium tin oxide (ITO),
indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO.sub.2), zinc oxide (ZnO),
and the like.
[0054] Pixel defining layers 105 are formed on edges of the
plurality of the first electrodes 103. The pixel defining layers
105 define pixel domains and may include various known organic
insulating materials (for example, silicon-based materials),
inorganic insulating materials, or organic/inorganic composite
insulating materials.
[0055] The hole transport layer 107 is formed as common layers on
the plurality of the first electrodes 103.
[0056] The hole transport layer 107 may be formed on the plurality
of the first electrodes 103 by using vacuum deposition, spin
coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodget (LB) technique, inkjet printing,
laser printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or the
like.
[0057] When the hole transport layer 107 is formed using vacuum
deposition, vacuum deposition conditions may vary according to the
material that is used to form the target hole transport layer 107,
and the desired structure and thermal properties of the hole
transport layer 107. For example, vacuum deposition may be
performed at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to about
500.degree. C., a pressure of about 10.sup.-8 torr to about
10.sup.-3 torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 .ANG./sec to
about 100 .ANG./sec. However, the conditions are not limited
thereto.
[0058] When the hole transport layer 107 is formed by using spin
coating, coating conditions may vary according to the compound that
is used to form the target hole transport layer 107, and the
desired structure and thermal properties of the hole transport
layer 107. For example, the coating rate may be about 2000 rpm to
about 5000 rpm, and a temperature at which heat treatment is
performed to remove a solvent after coating may be about 80.degree.
C. to about 200.degree. C. However, the conditions are not limited
thereto.
[0059] Non-limiting examples of the material that may be used to
form the transport layer 107 are
N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis-[4-(phenyl-m-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4'-di-
amine (DNTPD), a phthalocyanine compound such as copper
phthalocyanine, m-MTDATA
[4,4',4''-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine], Pani/DBSA
(Polyaniline/Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), PEDOT/PSS
(Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(4-styrenesulfonate),
Pani/CSA (Polyaniline/Camphor sulfonic acid), and PANI/PSS
(Polyaniline)/Poly(4-styrenesulfonate), but are not limited
thereto.
##STR00002##
[0060] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer 107 may
include at least one of a first hole transporting material
represented by Formula 300 and a second hole transporting material
represented by Formula 301:
##STR00003##
[0061] In Formula 300, Ar.sub.101 and Ar.sub.102 may be each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60
arylene group.
[0062] For example, Ar.sub.101 and Ar.sub.102 may be each
independently,
[0063] a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene
group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene
group, acenaphthylene group, a fluolenylene group, a phenalenylene
group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthrylene group, a
fluorantenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene
group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthasenylene group, a
picenylene group, a perylenylene group and a pentacenylene group;
and
[0064] a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene
group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene,
acenaphthylene group, a fluolenylene group, a phenalenylene group,
a phenanthrenyl group, an anthrylene group, a fluorantenylene
group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a
chrysenylenylene group, a naphthasenylene group, a picenylene
group, a perylenylene group and a pentacenylene group, substituted
with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl
group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino
group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt
thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid
group or a salt thereof, C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a
C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkinyl group, a
C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group,
a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10
heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl
group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy
group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroaryl group.
[0065] In Formula 300, xa and xb may be each independently an
integer of 0 to 5, or 0, 1 or 2. For example, xa may be 1 and xb
may be 0, but are not limited thereto.
[0066] In Formulae 300 and 301, R.sub.101 to R.sub.108, R.sub.111
to R.sub.119 and R.sub.121 to R.sub.124 may be each independently,
a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl
group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino
group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt
thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid
group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.3-C.sub.60 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group.
[0067] For example, R.sub.101 to R.sub.108, R.sub.111 to R.sub.119
and R.sub.121 to R.sub.124 may be each independently,
[0068] a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a
hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, and an amino group,
an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group
or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a
phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl
group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group,
a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and the like) and a
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group (for example, a methoxy group, an
ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, and
the like);
[0069] a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy
group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen
atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino
group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl
group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof
and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;
[0070] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
fluorenyl group and a pyrenyl group; and
[0071] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
fluorenyl group and a pyrenyl group, substituted with at least one
of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano
group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine
group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic
acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt
thereof, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.10
alkoxy group, but are not limited thereto.
[0072] In Formula 300, R.sub.109 may be,
[0073] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, biphenyl
group and a pyridyl group; and
[0074] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
biphenyl group and a pyridyl group, substituted with at least one
of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano
group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine
group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic
acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt
thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl
group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy
group.
[0075] In some embodiments, the first hole transport material
represented by Formula 300 may be represented as Formula 300A, but
is not limited thereto:
##STR00004##
[0076] In Formula 300A, detailed descriptions of R.sub.101,
R.sub.111, R.sub.111 and R.sub.109 have already been given
above.
[0077] For example, the hole transport layer 107 may include at
least one of Compounds 301 to Compound 320 but are not limited
thereto:
##STR00005## ##STR00006## ##STR00007## ##STR00008## ##STR00009##
##STR00010## ##STR00011##
[0078] The thicknesses of the hole transport layer 107 may be from
about 100 .ANG. to about 10000 .ANG., and in some embodiments, may
be from about 100 .ANG. to about 1500 .ANG.. When the thickness of
the hole injection layer 107 is within these ranges, an organic
light emitting diode without a substantial increase in driving
voltage may be manufactured.
[0079] The first auxiliary layer 114-1 and the first emission layer
113-1 are formed on the hole transport layer 107 in the first
subpixel, the second auxiliary layer 114-2 and the second emission
layer 113-2 are formed on the hole transport layer 107 in the
second subpixel, and the layer for improving third colored light
efficiency 114-3 and the third emission layer 113-3 are formed on
the hole transport layer 107 in the third subpixel.
[0080] The layer for improving third colored light efficiency 114-3
includes a carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1:
##STR00012##
[0081] In Formula 1, L.sub.50 is a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group.
[0082] For example, L.sub.50 may be
[0083] a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene
group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene,
acenaphthylene group, a fluolenylene group, a phenalenylene group,
a phenanthrenyl group, an anthrylene group, a fluorantenylene
group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a
chrysenylenylene group, a naphthasenylene group, a picenylene
group, a perylenylene group and a pentacenylene group; and
[0084] a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene
group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene,
acenaphthylene group, a fluolenylene group, a phenalenylene group,
a phenanthrenyl group, an anthrylene group, a fluorantenylene
group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a
chrysenylenylene group, a naphthasenylene group, a picenylene
group, a perylenylene group and a pentacenylene group, substituted
with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl
group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino
group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt
thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid
group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60alkyl group, a
C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkinyl group, a
C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group,
a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10
heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl
group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, arylthio group, a
C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group
and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group.
[0085] In greater detail, L.sub.50 may be
[0086] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group and a fluolenylene
group; and
[0087] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group and a fluolenylene
group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen
atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino
group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl
group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a
phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl
group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl
group, an anthryl group and a pyridinyl group, but are not limited
thereto.
[0088] In Formula 1, y may be an integer of 1 to 5. For example, in
Formula 1 when y is at least 2, y number of L.sub.50 may be the
same or different.
[0089] In Formula 1, R.sub.50 and R.sub.51 may be each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl
group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroaryl group.
[0090] For example, R.sub.50 and R.sub.51 may be each
independently,
[0091] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a
pyridyl group; and
[0092] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a
pyridyl group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a
halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an
amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a
carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt
thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a pyridinyl
group, but are not limited thereto.
[0093] In Formula 1, R.sub.60 to R.sub.67 may be each
independently, a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a
hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an
amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or
a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a
phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, or a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group.
[0094] For example, R.sub.60 to R.sub.67 may be each
independently,
[0095] a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a
hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an
amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or
a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a
phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl
group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl
group, an anthryl group and a pyridyl group; and
[0096] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a
pyridyl group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a
halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an
amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a
carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt
thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a pyridinyl
group, but are not limited thereto.
[0097] In greater detail, R.sub.60 to R.sub.67 may be each
independently at least one of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a
halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an
amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a
carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt
thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a pyridyl
group, but are not limited thereto.
[0098] The carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 may be
represented as one of Formulae 1A to 1N, but is not limited
thereto:
##STR00013## ##STR00014## ##STR00015## ##STR00016##
[0099] In Formulae 1A to 1N, Q.sub.50 to Q.sub.53 and R.sub.60 to
R.sub.67 may be each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a
deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a
nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a
hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid
group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,
a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,
an anthryl group and a pyridyl group.
[0100] The carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 may be
Compound 1 below, but is not limited thereto:
##STR00017##
[0101] As the layer for improving third colored light efficiency
114-3 includes the carbazole-based compound represented by Formula
1, light emitting efficiency of the third color from the third
emission layer 113-3 of the third subpixel may improve. Without
being limited by a specific theory, the carbazole-based compound
may prevent a polaron from extinguishing an exciton by increasing
an injection barrier from the hole transport layer 107 to the third
emission layer 113-3. Accordingly, light emitting efficiency of the
organic light emitting diode may increase.
[0102] The first emission layer 113-1, the second emission layer
113-2 and the third emission layer 113-3 may include a host and a
dopant.
[0103] Non-limiting examples of the known host are Alq.sub.3, CBP
(4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl),
9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), TCTA,
1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene (TPBI),
3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), E3,
distyrylarylene (DSA), dmCBP (see Formulas below), and Compounds
501 to 509 below, but are not limited thereto.
##STR00018## ##STR00019## ##STR00020## ##STR00021##
[0104] In other embodiments, an anthracene-based compound
represented by Formula 400 may be used as the host:
##STR00022##
[0105] In Formula 400, Ar.sub.111 and Ar.sub.112 may be each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60
arylene group; Ar.sub.113 to Ar.sub.116 may be each independently,
a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group or a
substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group; g, h, i
and j may be each independently an integer of 0 to 4.
[0106] For example, in Formula 400, Ar.sub.111 and Ar.sub.112 may
be each independently selected from a phenylene group, a
naphthylene group, a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a
pyrenylene group; and a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a
phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a pyrenylene group,
substituted with at least one of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group
and anthryl group, but are not limited thereto.
[0107] In Formula 400, g, h, i and j may be each independently, 0,
1 or 2.
[0108] In Formula 400, Ar.sub.113 to Ar.sub.116 may be each
independently,
[0109] a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group substituted with at least one
of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group and an anthryl group;
[0110] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group and a fluorenyl group; a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group,
a phenanthrenyl group and a fluorenyl group, substituted with at
least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a
cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a
hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a
sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a
salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkinyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60
alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group and a fluorenyl group; and
##STR00023##
but are not limited thereto.
[0111] For example, the anthracene-based compound represented by
Formula 400 may be one of Compounds below, but is not limited
thereto:
##STR00024## ##STR00025## ##STR00026## ##STR00027## ##STR00028##
##STR00029## ##STR00030##
[0112] In other embodiments, an anthracene-based compound
represented by Formula 401 may be used as the host:
##STR00031##
[0113] In Formula 401, detailed descriptions of Ar.sub.122 to
Ar.sub.125 have already been given above in the description of
Ar.sub.113 of Formula 400.
[0114] In Formula 401, Ar.sub.126 and Ar.sub.127 may be each
independently, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group (for example, a
methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group).
[0115] In Formula 401, k and l may be each independently an integer
of 0 to 4. For example, k and l may be 0, 1 or 2.
[0116] For example, the anthracene-based compound represented by
Formula 401 may be one of Compounds below, but is not limited
thereto:
##STR00032## ##STR00033##
[0117] Compounds below may be used as a blue dopant of the third
emission layer (113-3), but is not limited thereto.
##STR00034## ##STR00035##
[0118] Compounds below may be used as a red dopant of the first
emission layer (113-1), but is not limited thereto.
##STR00036## ##STR00037## ##STR00038##
[0119] Compounds below may be used as a green dopant of the second
emission layer (113-2), but is not limited thereto.
##STR00039##
[0120] The first auxiliary layer 114-1 is patterned in the first
subpixel, and is disposed between the first emission layer 113-1
and the hole transport layer 107. The second auxiliary layer is
patterned in the second subpixel, and is disposed between the
second emission layer 113-2 and the hole transport layer 107.
[0121] The first auxiliary layer 114-1 and the second auxiliary
layer 114-2 may provide a resonance pathway for maximally
efficiently extracting the first light emitted from the first
emission layer 113-1 and the second light emitted from the second
emission layer 113-2 to outside of the organic light emitting diode
100 by constructive interference. The first auxiliary layer 114-1
and the second auxiliary layer 114-2 may include a material
included in the hole transport layer 107, but are not limited
thereto. The first auxiliary layer 114-1 and the second auxiliary
layer 114-2 may be each independently a single layer, or a
multi-layer, each layer including a different material, but are not
limited thereto.
[0122] The methods of forming the first auxiliary layer 114-1, the
first emission layer 113-1, the second auxiliary layer 114-2, the
second emission layer 113-2, and the layer for improving third
colored light efficiency 114-3, and the third emission layer have
already been described above in relation to the method of forming
the hole transport layer 107.
[0123] The first auxiliary layer 114-1 and the first emission layer
113-1 may be simultaneously formed by using thermal imaging (for
example, LITI (Laser Induced Thermal Imaging)), the second
auxiliary layer 114-2 and the second emission layer 113-2 are
simultaneously formed by using thermal imaging, and the layer for
improving third colored light efficiency 114-3 and the third
emission layer 113-3 are formed simultaneously by using thermal
imaging, but are not limited thereto.
[0124] At least one of the hole transport layer 107, the first
auxiliary layer 114-1, the second auxiliary layer 114-2 and the
layer for improving third colored light efficiency 114-3 may
further include a charge-generating material for improving
conductivity and the like. For example, the hole transport layer
107 may further include the charge-generating material.
[0125] The charge-generating material may be, for example, a
p-dopant. The hole transport layer 107 may further include the
p-dopant.
[0126] The p-dopant may be one of quinone derivatives, metal
oxides, and compounds with a cyano group, but are not limited
thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant are quinone
derivatives such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ),
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ),
and the like; metal oxides such as tungsten oxide, molybdenum
oxide, and the like; and cyano-containing compounds such as
Compound 700 below, but are not limited thereto.
##STR00040##
[0127] When at least one of the hole transport layer 107, the first
auxiliary layer 114-1, the second auxiliary layer 114-2, and the
layer for improving third colored light efficiency 114-3 further
includes the charge-generating material, the charge-generating
material may be homogeneously dispersed or inhomogeneously
distributed in the hole transport layer 107, the first auxiliary
layer 114-1, the second auxiliary layer 114-2 and/or the layer for
improving the third colored light 114-3.
[0128] The electron transport layer 115 may include an electron
transport material represented by Formula 10A, 10B, 10C, and
20A:
##STR00041##
[0129] In Formulas 10A to 10C, Ar.sub.41 and Ar.sub.42 may be each
independently a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl
group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60heteroaryl
group.
[0130] For example, Ar.sub.41 and Ar.sub.42 may be each
independently,
[0131] a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroaryl group; and
[0132] a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroaryl group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium
atom, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group,
an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a
carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt
thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a
C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a
C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkinyl group, a
C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl
group.
[0133] For example, Ar.sub.41 and Ar.sub.42 may be each
independently,
[0134] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl
group and a pyrimidinyl group; and
[0135] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl
group and a pyrimidinyl group, substituted with at least one of a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group,
a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group and a
pyrimidinyl group.
[0136] Ar.sub.41 and Ar.sub.42 may be the same, but are not limited
thereto.
[0137] In Formulae 10A to 10C, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 may be each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60
arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroarylene group.
[0138] For example, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 may be each
independently
[0139] a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroarylene group; and
[0140] a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroarylene group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium
atom, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group,
an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a
carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt
thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a
C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a
C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkinyl group, a
C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl
group.
[0141] For example, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 may be each
independently,
[0142] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthrylene group,
a pyrenylene group, a fluolenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a
pyrazinylene group and a pyrimidinyl group; and
[0143] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthrylene group,
a pyrenylene group, a fluolenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a
pyrazinylene group and a pyrimidinyl group, substituted with at
least one of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl
group and a pyrimidinyl group.
[0144] In Formulae 10A to 10C, a and b may be each independently,
0, 1 or 2. For example, in Formulae 10A to 10C, a and b may be each
independently 0 or 1.
[0145] In Formulae 10A to 10C, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted benzothiazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
benzopyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
imidazopyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted quinazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted pyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted chrysenyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group or a substituted or
unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group.
[0146] For example, in Formulae 10A to 10C, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may
be, each independently,
[0147] a benzimidazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a
benzothiazolyl group, a benzopyrimidinyl group, an imidazopyridinyl
group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinazolyl
group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group,
a fluorenyl group and a phenanthrenyl group; and
[0148] a benzimidazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a
benzothiazolyl group, a benzopyrimidinyl group, an imidazopyridinyl
group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinazolyl
group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a
phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group,
a fluorenyl group and a phenanthrenyl group, substituted with at
least one of a deuterium atom, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a
hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a
hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a
sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a
salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60
alkoxy group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
alkinyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroaryl group.
[0149] In Formula 10C, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be each
independently,
[0150] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl
group; and
[0151] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 aryl
group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, --F,
--Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino
group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl
group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof
and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof. For example, R.sub.3
and R.sub.4 may be each independently, a methyl group, an ethyl
group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl
group, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, but are not limited
thereto.
[0152] For example, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be each independently,
at least one of Formulae 11(1) to 11(24), but are not limited
thereto:
##STR00042## ##STR00043## ##STR00044## ##STR00045##
[0153] In Formulae 11(1) to 11(24),
[0154] R.sub.10 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60
alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl
group;
[0155] Z.sub.40 is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, --F, --Cl,
--Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, --NO.sub.2, an amino group, an
amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or
a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a
phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl
group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl
group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; and
[0156] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy
group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroaryl group, substituted with at least one of a deuterium
atom, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group,
an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a
carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt
thereof and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;
[0157] c is an integer of 1 to 5.
[0158] For example, R.sub.10 is
[0159] a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl
group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl
group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
fluorenyl group and a phenanthrenyl group; and
[0160] a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl
group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl
group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
fluorenyl group and a phenanthrenyl group, substituted with at
least one of a deuterium atom, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, a
hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a
hydrazine group, a hydrazone, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a
sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof and a phosphoric acid group
or a salt thereof.
[0161] The electron transport material may be an anthracene-based
compound represented by Formulae 10A(1) to 10A(12), 10B(1) to
10B(12), and 10C(1) to 10C(6), but is not limited thereto:
##STR00046## ##STR00047## ##STR00048## ##STR00049## ##STR00050##
##STR00051## ##STR00052## ##STR00053## ##STR00054##
##STR00055##
[0162] Descriptions of L.sub.1, L.sub.2, a, b and R.sub.1 to
R.sub.4 of Formulae 10A(1) to 10A(12), 10B(1) to 10B(12) and 10C(1)
to 10C(6) have already been given above.
[0163] In some embodiments, the electron transport material may
include an anthracene-based compound represented by Formulae 10A(1)
to 10A(6), 10B(1) to 10B(6) and 10C(1) to 10C(6), and R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 of Formulae 10A(1) to 10A(6), 10B(1) to 10B(6) and 10C(1)
to 10C(6) may be each independently, a substituted or unsubstituted
benzimidazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazolyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazolyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrimidinyl group, a substituted
or unsubstituted imidazopyridinyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted quinolinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
isoquinolinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazolyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, or a substituted or
unsubstituted pyrazinyl group (for example, one of Formulae 11(1)
to 11(22)).
[0164] In other embodiments, the electron transport material
includes an anthracene-based compound represented by one of
Formulae 10A(1) to 10A(6), 10B(1) to 10B(6) and 10C(1) to 10C(6),
and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 of Formulae 10A(1) to 10A(6), 10B(1) to
10B(6) and 10C(1) to 10C(6) may be each independently, a
substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted benzoxazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted
benzothiazolyl group (for example, one of Formulae 11(1) to
11(3)).
[0165] In other embodiments, the electron transport material may
include an anthracene-based compound represented by one of Formulae
10A(7) to 10A(12) and 10B(7) to 10B(12), and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 of
Formulae 10A(7) to 10A(12) and 10B(7) to 10B(12) may be each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a
substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group (for example, Formula
11(23) or 11(24)), but are not limited thereto.
[0166] The electron transport material may be one of Compounds 200
to 210, but is not limited thereto:
##STR00056## ##STR00057## ##STR00058## ##STR00059##
[0167] In Formula 20A, T.sub.1 to T.sub.3 may all be N; T.sub.1 may
be C(R.sub.100), T.sub.2 and T.sub.3 may be N; T.sub.1 to T.sub.3
may all be C(R.sub.100), but are not limited thereto.
[0168] In Formula 20A, Ar.sub.201 to Ar.sub.203 may be each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60
arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60
heteroarylene group.
[0169] Ar.sub.201 to Ar.sub.203 may be each independently,
[0170] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthrylene group,
a pyrenylene group, a fluolenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a
pyrazinylene group and a pyrimidinyl group; and
[0171] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthrylene group,
a pyrenylene group, a fluolenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a
pyrazinylene group and a pyrimidinyl group, substituted with at
least one of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a
pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl
group, and a pyrimidinyl group, but are not limited thereto.
[0172] In Formula 20A, p, q and r may be each independently, 0, 1
or 2. For example, in Formula 20A, p, q and r may be each
independently, 0 or 1, but are not limited thereto.
[0173] In Formula 20A, Ar.sub.211 to Ar.sub.213 may be each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl
group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl
group.
[0174] For example, Ar.sub.211 to Ar.sub.213 may be each
independently, a substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted benzothiazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
benzopyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
imidazopyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl
group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted quinazolyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted pyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group,
a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or
unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted
pyrenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted chrysenyl group, a
substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, or a substituted or
unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group.
[0175] In some embodiments, Ar.sub.211 to Ar.sub.213 may be each
independently one of Formula 11(1) to 11(26), but are not limited
thereto:
##STR00060## ##STR00061## ##STR00062##
[0176] Descriptions of R.sub.10, Z.sub.40 and c of Formula 11(1) to
11(26) have already been given above.
[0177] For example, at least one of Ar.sub.211 to Ar.sub.213 of
Formula 20A may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl
group.
[0178] In some embodiments, the electron transport material may
include a compound represented by at least one of Formula 20A(1) to
20A(3), but is not limited thereto:
##STR00063##
[0179] Descriptions of Ar.sub.202, Ar.sub.203, q, r, Ar.sub.212 and
Ar.sub.213 of Formulae 20A(1) to 20A(3) are as follows.
[0180] In some embodiments, the electron transport material may be
one of Compounds 600 to 605 below, but is not limited thereto:
##STR00064## ##STR00065##
[0181] In some embodiments, the electron transport layer may
further include a metal-containing material, in addition to any
known electron-transporting organic compound.
[0182] The metal-containing material may include a lithium
(L.sub.1) complex. Non-limiting examples of the L.sub.1 complex are
lithium quinolate (LiQ) and Compound 203 below:
##STR00066##
[0183] A thickness of the electron transport layer may be from
about 300 .ANG. to about 500 .ANG., and in some embodiments, may be
from about 300 .ANG. to about 400 .ANG.. When the thickness of the
electron transport layer is within these ranges, the electron
transport layer may have a satisfactory electron transporting
ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
[0184] In other embodiments, an electron injecting layer 117 that
is a material for easily injecting electrons from the second
electrode 119 may be laminated on the electron transport layer 115,
and any material may be used for the electron injecting layer
117.
[0185] Any known material may be used for forming the electron
injecting layer 117, such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li.sub.2O, BaO, and
the like. The vacuum deposition conditions may vary according to
the compound. However, in general, a range of conditions almost
identical to those for forming the hole transport layer 107 may be
selected.
[0186] The thickness of the electron injecting layer 117 may be
from about 1 .ANG. to about 100 .ANG., and in some embodiments, may
be from about 3 .ANG. to about 90 .ANG.. When the thickness of the
electron injecting layer 117 is within these ranges, satisfactory
electron injecting capabilities may be obtained without a
substantial increase in driving voltage.
[0187] The second electrode 119 is formed on the electron injecting
layer 117. The second electrode 119 may be a cathode that is an
electron injecting electrode. In this regard, the second electrode
119 may be formed of lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al
group, aluminum (Al group-lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium
(Mg)-indium (In), magnesium (Mg)-silver (Ag), and the like, and may
be formed as a thin film to obtain a transmission electrode. In
some embodiments, to manufacture a top-emission light-emitting
diode, the transmission electrode may be formed of indium tin oxide
(ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO).
[0188] The first electrode 103 and the second electrode 119 may be
selected such that the organic light emitting diode 110 may have a
resonance structure. For example, when the first electrode 103 is a
reflective electrode and the second electrode 119 is a
semi-transmissive electrode, the organic light emitting diode 100
may become a bottom emission diode having a resonance
structure.
[0189] For example, when the first electrode 103 is a reflective
electrode and the second electrode 119 is a semi-transmissive
electrode, the organic light emitting diode 100 may satisfy
Equations 1, 2, and 3 such that the first colored light, the second
colored light, and the third colored light may resonate between the
first electrode 103 that is a reflective electrode and the second
electrode 119 that is the semi-transmissive electrode:
.lamda. 1 2 n 1 m 1 - .lamda. 1 10 .ltoreq. L 1 .ltoreq. .lamda. 1
2 n 1 m 1 + .lamda. 1 10 Equation 1 .lamda. 2 2 n 2 m 2 - .lamda. 2
10 .ltoreq. L 2 .ltoreq. .lamda. 2 2 n 2 m 2 + .lamda. 2 10
Equation 2 .lamda. 3 2 n 3 m 3 - .lamda. 3 10 .ltoreq. L 3 .ltoreq.
.lamda. 3 2 n 3 m 3 + .lamda. 3 10 Equation 3 ##EQU00001##
[0190] wherein, in Equations 1 to 3,
[0191] L.sub.1 is a distance between the first electrode and the
second electrode of the first subpixel;
[0192] L.sub.2 is a distance between the first electrode and the
second electrode of the second subpixel;
[0193] L.sub.3 is a distance between the first electrode and the
second electrode of the third subpixel;
[0194] .lamda..sub.1, .lamda..sub.2 and .lamda..sub.3 are
wavelengths of the first colored light, the second colored light,
and the third colored light, respectively;
[0195] n.sub.1 is a refractive index of layers between the first
electrode and the second electrode of the first subpixel;
[0196] n.sub.2 is a refractive index of layers between the first
electrode and the second electrode of the second subpixel;
[0197] n.sub.3 is a refractive index of layers between the first
electrode and the second electrode of the third subpixel; and
[0198] m.sub.1, m.sub.2 and m.sub.3 may be each independently, a
natural number.
[0199] When the organic light emitting diode 100 satisfies the
equations 1, 2, and 3, the first colored light, the second colored
light, and the third colored light may be extracted to outside of
the organic light emitting diode 100 through the second electrode
119 by constructive interference with a resonance between the first
electrode 103 and the second electrode 119. Accordingly, efficiency
of the organic light emitting diode 100 may improve.
[0200] m.sub.1, m.sub.2 and m.sub.3 of the Equations 1, 2 and 3 may
be 1.
[0201] In Equations 1, 2 and 3, when m.sub.1, m.sub.2 and m.sub.3
are 1, a distance (D.sub.1) between the first electrode of the
first subpixel and the first emission layer 113-1 may be about 400
.ANG. to about 1000 .ANG., and in some embodiments, about 500 .ANG.
to about 900 .ANG., a distance (D.sub.2) between the first
electrode 103 of the second subpixel and the second emission layer
113-2 may be about 300 .ANG. to about 900 .ANG., and in some
embodiments, may be about 400 .ANG. to about 800 .ANG., and a
distance (D.sub.3) between the first electrode 103 of the third
subpixel and the third emission layer 113-3 may be about 200 .ANG.
to about 800 .ANG., and in some embodiments, about 300 .ANG. to
about 700 .ANG., but are not limited thereto.
[0202] In some embodiments, in the Equations 1, 2 and 3, m.sub.1,
m.sub.2 and m.sub.3 may be 2.
[0203] In the Equations 1, 2 and 3, when m.sub.1, m.sub.2 and
m.sub.3 are 2, a distance (D.sub.1) between the first electrode of
the first subpixel and the first emission layer 113-1 may be about
1600 .ANG. to about 2300 .ANG., for example, about 1700 .ANG. to
about 2100 .ANG., a distance (D.sub.2) between the first electrode
103 of the second subpixel and the second emission layer 113-2 may
be about 1300 .ANG. to about 2000 .ANG., for example, about 1400
.ANG. to about 1900 .ANG., and a distance (D.sub.3) between the
first electrode 103 of the third subpixel and the third emission
layer 113-3 may be about 900 .ANG. to about 1800 .ANG., for
example, about 1000 .ANG. to about 1600 .ANG..
[0204] When D.sub.1, D.sub.2 and D.sub.3 satisfy the above ranges,
optimal constructive interference may occur during resonance of
each colored light. Furthermore, the organic light emitting diode
emits light when excitons are irradiated. Irradiation of the
exciton may be regarded as an electric dipole radiation. A weak
microcavity phenomenon occurs when a damping rate of a dipole
changes due to an effect of an image dipole induced by a strong
reflective body when the electric dipole radiation is located from
the strong reflective body at a shorter distance than a wavelength
of light to be emitted from the electric dipole radiation and a
phenomenon of a change in the strength of irradiation. When the
ranges of D.sub.1, D.sub.2 and D.sub.3 are satisfied, efficiency of
the first colored light, the second colored light and the third
colored light may increase due to the microcavity.
[0205] D.sub.1, D.sub.2 and D.sub.3 may have a relationship of
D.sub.1>D.sub.2=D.sub.3.
[0206] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an organic light emitting
diode according to another embodiment.
[0207] A substrate 201 of the organic light emitting diode 200 of
FIG. 2 includes a first subpixel, a second subpixel, and a third
subpixel.
[0208] A plurality of first electrodes 203 are disposed as separate
patterns in the first subpixel, the second subpixel and the third
subpixel, respectively. The hole transport layer 207 is disposed as
a common layer on the plurality of first electrodes 203.
[0209] An emission layer including an emission layer 213-1, a
second emission layer 213-2, and a third emission layer 213-1 is
formed on the hole transport layer 207.
[0210] The emission layer including the first emission layer 213-1,
the second emission layer 213-2 and the third emission layer 213-3
on the hole transport layer 207. The first emission layer 213-1
emitting the first colored light is patterned to be formed in the
first subpixel, the second emission layer 213-2 emitting the second
colored light is patterned to be formed in the second subpixel, and
the third emission layer 213-3 emitting the third colored light is
patterned to be formed in the third subpixel.
[0211] A first auxiliary layer 214-1 patterned to be formed only in
the first subpixel is disposed between the first emission layer
213-1 and the hole transport layer 207, and a second auxiliary
layer 214-2 patterned to be formed only in the second subpixel is
disposed between the second emission layer 213-2 and the hole
transport layer 207. A layer for improving third colored light
efficiency is formed on the hole transport layer 207.
[0212] On the emission layer, an electron transport layer 215, an
electron injecting layer 217, and a second electrode 219, each
being a common layer are disposed sequentially.
[0213] The layer for improving third colored light efficiency 114-3
of the organic light emitting diode 100 of FIG. 1 is patterned to
be formed only in the third subpixel, but the layer for improving
third colored light efficiency 214-3 of the organic light emitting
diode 100 of FIG. 2 is formed as a common layer.
[0214] Descriptions of the substrate 201, the first electrode 203,
the pixel defining layer 205, the hole transport layer 207, the
first auxiliary layer 214-1, the first emission layer 213-1, the
second auxiliary layer 214-2, the second emission layer 213-2, the
third emission layer 213-3, the electron transport layer 215, the
electron injecting layer 217, and the second electrode 219,
D.sub.1, D.sub.2, D.sub.3, L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.3 of the
organic light emitting diode 200 of FIG. 2 have already been given
above in the descriptions of the substrate 101, the first electrode
103, the pixel defining layer 105, the hole transport layer 107,
the first auxiliary layer 114-1, the first emission layer 113-1,
the second auxiliary layer 114-2, the second emission layer 113-2,
the third emission layer 113-3, the electron transport layer 215,
the electron injecting layer 117, and the second electrode 119,
D.sub.1, D.sub.2, D.sub.3, L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.3.
[0215] The layer for improving third colored light efficiency 214-3
of the organic light emitting diode 200 of FIG. 2 is a common layer
formed on all of the first subpixel, the second subpixel, and the
third subpixel. The layer for improving third colored light
efficiency 214-3 may include a carbazole-based compound represented
by Formula 1. A description of Formula 1 has already been given
above.
[0216] The organic light emitting diode 100 and 200 simultaneously
includes the layer for improving third colored light efficiency
114-3 and 214-3 including a carbazole-based compound represented by
Formula 1 and the electron transport layer 115 and 215 including an
electron transport material represented by one of Formulas 10A,
10B, 10C, and 20 A. Accordingly, light emitting efficiency and
lifespan of the third colored light being emitted from the third
emission layer 113-1 and 213-1 may improve.
[0217] The organic light emitting diode has been described with
reference to the organic light emitting diode 100 of FIG. 1 and the
organic light emitting diode 200 of FIG. 2, but the present
invention is not limited thereto. For example, the electron
transport layer 117 and 217 may be omitted as necessary and the
hole transport layer may be further added between the hole
transport layer 107 and 207 and the first electrode 103 and
203.
[0218] The organic light emitting diode 100 and 200 may be included
in a flat display diode including a thin film transistor (TFT). The
TFT may include a gate electrode, and source and drain electrodes,
and a gate barrier and active layer and one of the source and drain
electrodes may electrically contact the first electrode of the
organic light emitting diode. The active layer may include silicon,
amorphous silicon, organic semiconductor, oxide semiconductor and
the like, but are not limited thereto.
[0219] Hereinafter, the organic light emitting diode, according to
an embodiment of the present invention, will be described in
greater detail with reference to Examples.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
[0220] As an anode, an ITO glass substrate (50.times.50.times.0.7
mm, 15 .OMEGA./cm.sup.2, 1200 .ANG., available from
SAMSUNG-Corning) for an OLED was ultrasonically washed for 5
minutes using distilled water and then using isopropanol, followed
by UV ozone cleaning for about 30 minutes and the glass substrate
was deposited on a vacuum deposition device.
[0221] A hole transport layer having a thickness of 1150 .ANG. was
formed by vacuum depositing an NPB and a Compound 700 on the ITO,
and depositing Compound 1 on the hole transport layer to form a
layer for improving blue light efficiency having a thickness of 50
.ANG..
[0222] On the layer for improving the blue light efficiency,
9,10-di-naphthalene-2-yl-anthracene (AND, host) and DPAVBi (dopant)
were vacuum co-deposited in a weight ratio of 98:2 to form a blue
light emission layer having a thickness of 300 .ANG..
[0223] Thereafter, Compound 200 and lithium quinolate were vacuum
deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer
having a thickness of 360 .ANG., LiF was deposited on the electron
transport layer to form an electron injecting layer having a
thickness of 10 .ANG., and Al was deposited on the electron
injecting layer to form a second electrode (cathode) having a
thickness of 3000 .ANG., to manufacture an organic light emitting
diode.
Comparative Example 1
[0224] An organic light emitting diode was manufactured in the same
manner as in Example 1, except that Alq.sub.3, instead of Compound
200 and Liq, was used to form the electron transport layer.
Comparative Example 2
[0225] An organic light emitting diode was manufactured in the same
manner as in Example 1, except that a layer for improving blue
light was not formed and a thickness of the hole transport layer
was changed to a thickness of 1200 .ANG..
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparative Example Comparative Example
Example 1 1 2 Cathode Al Al Al Electron injecting LiF LiF LiF layer
(15.ANG.) (15.ANG.) (15.ANG.) electron transport Compound 200:Liq
Alq.sub.3 Compound 200:Liq layer (360.ANG.) (360.ANG.) (360.ANG.)
Blue light emission ADN:DPAVBi ADN:DPAVBi ADN:DPAVBi layer
(200.ANG.) (200.ANG.) (200.ANG.) layer for improving Compound 1
Compound 1 -- blue light efficiency (50.ANG.) (50.ANG.) hole
transport layer NPB:Compound 700 NPB:Compound 700 NPB:Compound 700
(1150.ANG.) (1150.ANG.) (1200.ANG.) Anode ITO ITO ITO ##STR00067##
##STR00068## ##STR00069##
Evaluation Example 1
[0226] Driving voltage, efficiency, color coordinates and luminance
of the organic light emitting diode of Example 1, Comparative
Example 1 and 2 were evaluated using an IVL measuring diode
(PhotoResearch PR650, Keithley 238). The results are shown in Table
2 below.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Driving voltage Luminance (V) (cd/A) CIE_x
CIE_y Example 1 4.2 5.0 0.141 0.048 Comparative 4.5 5.0 0.141 0.050
Example 1 Comparative 4.2 4.23 0.141 0.050 Example 2
[0227] According to Table 2, an organic light emitting diode of
Example 1 has a comparatively lower driving voltage than an organic
light emitting diode of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and higher
luminance and excellent color purities.
[0228] While the present invention has been particularly shown and
described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will
be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various
changes in form and details may be made therein without departing
from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by
the following claims.
* * * * *