U.S. patent application number 14/127166 was filed with the patent office on 2014-07-17 for equipment and methods for deploying line in a wellbore.
This patent application is currently assigned to SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION. The applicant listed for this patent is SERVICES PETROLIERS SCHLUMBERGER. Invention is credited to Pierre Vigneaux.
Application Number | 20140196893 14/127166 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46516784 |
Filed Date | 2014-07-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140196893 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Vigneaux; Pierre |
July 17, 2014 |
Equipment and Methods for Deploying Line in a Wellbore
Abstract
Many wellbore service operations involve placing a line in the
wellbore. The line may be used to transmit power to downhole tools,
convey signals from downhole-measurement instruments, or both. A
problem associated with such operations involves drag forces
experienced by the line as process fluids flow through the well,
particularly the interior of a tubular body such as casing. The
drag forces may cause the line to fail. Magnetizing the line solves
this problem. During deployment, the line will migrate and become
attached to the casing. Drag forces are significantly reduced
because the line is no longer surrounded by moving fluid.
Inventors: |
Vigneaux; Pierre; (Moisenay,
FR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SERVICES PETROLIERS SCHLUMBERGER |
Paris |
|
FR |
|
|
Assignee: |
SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY
CORPORATION
Sugar Land
TX
|
Family ID: |
46516784 |
Appl. No.: |
14/127166 |
Filed: |
July 20, 2012 |
PCT Filed: |
July 20, 2012 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2012/064295 |
371 Date: |
February 4, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
166/250.07 ;
166/241.5; 166/305.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B 47/12 20130101;
E21B 23/08 20130101; G02B 6/44 20130101; E21B 47/135 20200501; E21B
23/14 20130101; E21B 47/06 20130101; C09K 8/72 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
166/250.07 ;
166/241.5; 166/305.1 |
International
Class: |
E21B 23/14 20060101
E21B023/14; E21B 47/06 20060101 E21B047/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 21, 2011 |
EP |
11305952.1 |
Claims
1. A system for deploying a line in a subterranean wellbore,
comprising: (i) a tubular body; (ii) a device that travels through
the interior of the tubular body; (iii) a first apparatus for
dispensing line, comprising a first reel of line; (iv) a second
apparatus for dispensing line, comprising a second reel of line,
wherein the line wound around both the first and second apparatuses
is one continuous line, the line being a signal-conveyance medium
comprising at least one electrical conductor or at least one
optical fiber, or both; (v) a protective jacket surrounding the
line, comprising magnetizable particles; and (vi) means for
magnetizing the particles.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the magnetizable particles are
ferromagnetic.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the magnetizable particles
comprise chromium (IV) oxide, cobalt, dysprosium, ferrite,
gadolinium, gallium manganese arsenide, iron, magnetite,
neodymium-boron, nickel, permalloy, samarium-cobalt, suessite,
yttrium iron garnet, or combinations thereof.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the magnetizable-particle
concentration in the protective jacket is between about 5% and
about 66% by volume.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the protective
layer is between about 30 and about 75 micrometers.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising sensors distributed
along the length of the line.
7. A method for deploying a line in a subterranean well,
comprising: (i) selecting a continuous line, wherein the line
comprises: (a) a signal-conveyance medium comprising at least one
electrical conductor or at least one optical fiber, or both; and
(b) a protective jacket surrounding the conveyance medium,
comprising magnetizable particles; (ii) magnetizing the particles
in the protective layer; (iii) attaching the line to a device that
travels through a tubular body in the wellbore, and inserting both
inside the tubular body; (iv) pumping a process fluid into the
wellhead, releasing the device, and allowing the device to begin
traveling through the tubular body; and (v) continuing to pump
process fluid, allowing the line to extend and become magnetically
attached to the tubular body as the device travels through the
tubular body.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the magnetizable particles are
ferromagnetic.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the magnetizable particles
comprise chromium (IV) oxide, cobalt, dysprosium, ferrite,
gadolinium, gallium manganese arsenide, iron, magnetite,
neodymium-boron, nickel, permalloy, samarium-cobalt, suessite,
yttrium iron garnet, or combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the magnetizable-particle
concentration in the protective jacket is between about 5% and
about 66% by volume.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the thickness of the protective
layer is between about 30 and about 75 micrometers.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the device is a plug, dart,
ball, bomb, sonde or canister.
13. The method of claim 7, wherein the line comprises one or more
strands, each strand able to operate independently.
14. The method of claim 7, wherein the device contains one or more
instruments that measure one or more parameters in the group
consisting of temperature, pressure, distance, pH, density,
resistivity, conductivity, salinity, carbon dioxide concentration
and asphaltene concentration.
15. The method of claim 7, wherein the line delivers power to tools
that emit energy in the form of one or more types in the group
consisting of electricity, heat, acoustic waves, magnetic fields,
microwaves, gamma rays, x-rays and neutrons.
16. A method for performing measurements in a subterranean well,
comprising: (i) selecting a continuous line, wherein the line
comprises: (a) a signal-conveyance medium comprising at least one
electrical conductor or at least one optical fiber, or both; and
(b) a protective jacket surrounding the conveyance medium,
comprising magnetizable particles; (ii) magnetizing the particles
in the protective layer; (iii) attaching the line to a device that
travels through a tubular body in the wellbore, and inserting both
inside the tubular body; (iv) pumping a process fluid into the
wellhead, releasing the device, and allowing the device to begin
traveling through the tubular body; (v) continuing to pump process
fluid, allowing the line to extend and become magnetically attached
to the tubular body as the device travels through the tubular body;
(vi) measuring one or more parameters selected from the group
consisting of temperature, pressure, distance, pH, density,
resistivity, conductivity, salinity, carbon dioxide concentration
and asphaltene concentration; and (vii) transmitting the
measurements through the line.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the magnetizable particles are
ferromagnetic.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the device is a plug, dart,
ball, bomb, sonde or canister.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the device contains one or more
instruments that measure one or more parameters in the group
consisting of temperature, pressure, distance, pH, density,
resistivity, conductivity, salinity, carbon dioxide concentration
and asphaltene concentration.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the line delivers power to
tools that emit energy in the form of one or more types in the
group consisting of electricity, heat, acoustic waves, magnetic
fields, microwaves, gamma rays, x-rays and neutrons.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] The statements in this section merely provide background
information related to the present disclosure and may not
constitute prior art.
[0002] This disclosure is related in general to wellbore-telemetry
technology. In particular, this disclosure relates to improved
equipment and methods for deploying line in a wellbore.
[0003] In recent years, the deployment of fiber lines in
subterranean wellbores has become increasingly frequent. The most
common application is to install optical fiber as a conduit through
which various downhole measurements may be performed. Such
measurements include temperature, pressure, pH, density,
resistivity, conductivity, salinity, carbon dioxide concentration,
asphaltene concentration, etc. Today, optical-fiber technologies
may be employed throughout the lifetime of a well--drilling and
completion, stimulation, production surveillance and even after
abandonment.
[0004] Optical fiber may be deployed in several ways. For example,
the fiber line may be preinstalled in equipment and tools and
lowered into the well, it may be pumped downhole such that it
unfurls as it follows the fluid down the well, and it may be
lowered into the wellbore in the same manner as a wireline. It is
also desirable to perform some of the aforementioned measurements
during well cementing operations.
[0005] After a well is drilled, the conventional practice in the
oil and gas industry consists of lining the well with a metal
casing. An annular area is thus formed between the casing and the
subterranean formation. A cementing operation is then conducted
with the goal of filling the annular area with cement slurry. After
the cement sets, the combination of casing and set cement
strengthens the wellbore and provides hydraulic isolation between
producing zones through which the well penetrates.
[0006] A thorough discussion of the primary cementing process may
be found in the following publication: Piot B. and Cuvillier G.:
"Primary Cementing," in Nelson E. B. and Guillot D. (eds.): Well
Cementing--2.sup.nd Edition, Houston: Schlumberger (2006):
459-501.
[0007] Optical fiber line may be deployed during primary cementing
by attaching it to a wiper plug. A number of methods have been
described. One method involves a spool of fiber line, with one end
of the fiber connected to the wiper plug. The spool remains at the
top of the well, either inside or outside the wellhead. The spool
dispenses fiber line as the wiper plug travels through the casing
string. A second method attaches the fiber-line spool to the wiper
plug, with one end of the fiber attached to the wellhead. The spool
unfurls fiber as the plug travels through the casing string.
[0008] Both methods described above pose difficulties. If the fiber
line is fixed at the top of the well, fluids pumped into the well
at the wellhead may exert a drag force that can break the fiber.
The drag force may be exacerbated by the high velocity of fluids
falling in vacuum inside the casing due to a U-tubing effect. If
the fiber is fixed on the wiper plug and deployed from surface, it
may not have sufficient tensile strength to withstand high plug
velocities. These problems are magnified as the length of the
casing string increases.
[0009] Despite the valuable contributions from the art, it would
still be advantageous to be able to deploy fiber lines more
reliably.
SUMMARY
[0010] The present disclosure reveals improved materials and
methods for fiber deployment.
[0011] In an aspect, embodiments relate to systems that convey
signals.
[0012] In a further aspect, embodiments relate to systems for
deploying a line in a subterranean wellbore.
[0013] In yet a further aspect, embodiments relate to methods for
deploying lines in a subterranean wellbore.
[0014] In yet a further aspect, embodiments relate to methods for
performing measurements in a subterranean well.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] FIG. 1 is an illustration of embodiments of the disclosure,
wherein a magnetized line is dispensed from two independent
apparatuses.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The disclosure may pertain to the treatment of vertical
wells, but is equally applicable to wells of any orientation. The
disclosure may pertain to hydrocarbon production wells, but it is
to be understood that the disclosure may also be applicable to
wells for production of other fluids, such as water or carbon
dioxide or, for example, for geothermal wells, injection, or
storage wells. This disclosure may be applicable to offshore and
land wells. It should also be understood that throughout this
specification, when a concentration or amount range is described as
being useful, or suitable, or the like, it is intended that any and
every concentration or amount within the range, including the end
points, is to be considered as having been stated. Furthermore,
each numerical value should be read once as modified by the term
"about" (unless already expressly so modified) and then read again
as not to be so modified unless otherwise stated in context. For
example, "a range of from 1 to 10" is to be read as indicating each
and every possible number along the continuum between about 1 and
about 10. In other words, when a certain range is expressed, even
if only a few specific data points are explicitly identified or
referred to within the range, or even when no data points are
referred to within the range, it is to be understood that the
Applicant appreciates and understands that any and all data points
within the range are to be considered to have been specified, and
that the inventor has possession of the entire range and all points
within the range.
[0017] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the term
"line" is applicable to fiber, wire, rope and the like. In
addition, a line may comprise one or more strands of material.
[0018] During the course of many well-service operations, process
fluids are pumped into the wellbore, recovered from the wellbore,
or both. The well-service operations include, but are not limited
to, drilling, cementing, gravel packing, acidizing and hydraulic
fracturing. In the context of this disclosure, process fluids
include (but are not limited to) drilling fluids, cement slurries,
spacer fluids, chemical washes, completion fluids, acidizing
fluids, fracturing fluids, gravel-pack fluids and displacement
fluids.
[0019] Operators frequently install lines in the wellbore before,
during and after well-service operations. The lines may comprise
electrical conductors, optical fibers or both. The lines may be
used to provide electrical power to tools installed downhole,
convey signals to surface from measurement instruments installed
downhole, or both. The tools may deliver energy in the form of one
or more in the list comprising: electricity, heat, acoustic waves,
magnetic fields, microwaves, gamma rays, x-rays and neutrons. Some
instruments may also measure one or more wellbore parameters,
including (but not limited to) temperature, pressure, distance, pH,
density, resistivity, conductivity, salinity, carbon dioxide
concentration and asphaltene concentration. The measured
information may be transmitted as signals to surface via one or
more optical fibers. Such information allows operators to directly
monitor the progress of a well-service operation.
[0020] As stated earlier, fibers or lines installed inside a
tubular body in a subterranean well are subject to drag forces
exerted by fluids flowing through the tubular body. Such drag
forces can cause fiber or line breakage, severing the conduit by
which the operator provides power to downhole devices, monitors
downhole parameters or both. The drag forces may be minimized if
the fibers or lines become attached to the interior surface of the
tubular body. Under these circumstances, the drag force exerted by
the fluid will be countered by friction forces between the tubular
body and the line.
[0021] The Applicant has surprisingly discovered that, during
deployment, a magnetized line or fiber will become attached to the
interior surface of a tubular body, provided the tubular body
comprises a material that responds to a magnetic field. Most
tubular bodies installed in a subterranean well are made of carbon
steel--a highly magnetic material. The Applicant has also
discovered that a magnetizable line or fiber may be constructed by
incorporating magnetizable particles in the protective jacket
surrounding the line or fiber.
[0022] Embodiments relate to systems that convey signals. The
signals may be in the form of electrical impulses or light. The
system comprises a signal-conveyance medium. The medium is a line
comprising one or more electrical conductors such as a wire, one or
more optical fibers, or a combination of electrical conductors and
optical fibers. The electrical conductors and fibers may be in
separate strands that operate independently. The line may further
comprise sensors, preferably distributed along the length of the
line, and enabling one to monitor one or more measurement
parameters along the length of the tubular body.
[0023] The line is surrounded by a protective jacket embedded with
magnetizable particles. The particles preferably comprise one or
more ferromagnetic materials. Suitable ferromagnetic materials
include, but are not limited to, chromium (IV) oxide, cobalt,
dysprosium, ferrite, gadolinium, gallium manganese arsenide, iron,
magnetite, neodymium-boron, nickel, permalloy, samarium-cobalt,
suessite, yttrium iron garnet, or combinations thereof. Of these,
ferrite is most preferred. The particle size of the ferromagnetic
materials is preferably between 5 and 50 micrometers, and more
preferably between 10 and 20 micrometers. The
ferromagnetic-particle concentration in the protective jacket is
preferably between about 5% and 66% by volume, more preferably
between about 5% and 50% by volume and most preferably between
about 5% and 20% by volume. The thickness of the protective jacket
is preferably between about 30 to 75 micrometers, and more
preferably between about 40 to 50 micrometers.
[0024] Means for magnetizing the particles embedded in the
protective jacket may comprise a magnetic coil around which the
line is wrapped. When the line is deployed in the subterranean
well, it may exhibit a regular succession of positive and negative
poles.
[0025] Embodiments relate to systems for deploying a line in a
subterranean wellbore. The systems comprise a device that travels
down the tubular body inside the wellbore. The device may be, but
would not be limited to, a plug, a dart, a ball, a bomb, a sonde or
a canister. The systems further comprise an apparatus for
dispensing the line, the line comprising a signal-conveyance medium
surrounded by a protective jacket embedded with magnetizable
particles. The line may be dispensed from a spool. The line is
preferably continuous and connected to the device. The systems also
comprise means for magnetizing the particles.
[0026] The medium is a line comprising one or more electrical
conductors such as a wire, one or more optical fibers, or a
combination of electrical conductors and optical fibers. The
electrical conductors and fibers may be in separate strands that
operate independently.
[0027] The line is surrounded by a protective jacket embedded with
magnetizable particles. The particles preferably comprise one or
more ferromagnetic materials. Suitable ferromagnetic materials
include, but are not limited to, chromium (IV) oxide, cobalt,
dysprosium, ferrite, gadolinium, gallium manganese arsenide, iron,
magnetite, neodymium-boron, nickel, permalloy, samarium-cobalt,
suessite, yttrium iron garnet, or combinations thereof. Of these,
ferrite is most preferred. The particle size of the ferromagnetic
materials is preferably between 5 and 50 micrometers, and more
preferably between 10 and 20 micrometers. The
ferromagnetic-particle concentration in the protective jacket is
preferably between about 5% and 66% by volume, more preferably
between about 5% and 50% by volume and most preferably between
about 5% and 20% by volume. The thickness of the protective jacket
is preferably between about 30 to 75 micrometers, and more
preferably between about 40 to 50 micrometers.
[0028] Means for magnetizing the particles embedded in the
protective jacket may comprise a magnetic coil around which the
line is wrapped. When the line is deployed in the subterranean
well, it will exhibit a regular succession of positive and negative
poles.
[0029] In an embodiment, there are three principal elements. The
first element is the device that travels down a tubular body inside
the subterranean wellbore. In this embodiment, the first element is
presented as a wiper plug; however, those skilled in the art will
appreciate that other devices such as sondes, darts, balls,
canisters, bombs and the like would be equally appropriate. The
second element is a first apparatus for dispensing line, comprising
a first reel of line comprising the signal-conveyance medium. The
reel may further comprise the means for magnetizing the
particles--it may contain the aforementioned magnetic coil. The
line is attached to the wiper plug, and is able to be unwound from
the first reel of the first apparatus as the wiper plug travels
through the tubular body. The third element is a second apparatus
for dispensing line, comprising a second reel of line. The line
wound around both the first and second apparatuses is one
continuous line. The second apparatus is installed at a location
away from the device; however, line from the second reel may also
be unwound as the device travels through the tubular body. In this
way, stress on the line is minimized during deployment. Those
skilled in the art will recognize that the line may comprise a
bundle of individual strands, each strand having the ability to
operate independently. For example, one or more strands may
transmit measurement data, while other strands may transmit power
to operate tools located downhole.
[0030] FIG. 1 is an illustration of embodiments of the present
disclosure. The first element, in this case a wiper plug 1, is
installed in a tubular body 2. The second element, a first
apparatus 3 for dispensing line, is attached to the wiper plug 1.
The magnetizable line 4 is continuous between the first device 3
and the third element--the second apparatus 5 for dispensing line.
In this embodiment, the third element is fixed inside a wellhead 6.
As process fluid 7 is pumped into the wellhead, the wiper plug 1
and second element 3 travel through the tubular body 2, away from
the third element. Each dispensing device (3 and 5) may deploy line
4 simultaneously as the wiper plug 1 travels through the tubular
body; therefore, because the path of least resistance will be
followed, stress on the line during deployment is minimized. The
magnetized line 4 migrates and becomes attached to the tubular body
2.
[0031] Alternate embodiments may not feature two line-dispensing
apparatuses; instead, one apparatus may be fixed at the
surface--outside or inside the wellhead. Or, one apparatus may be
fixed on the wiper plug or other device.
[0032] Process fluid 7 may comprise (but not be limited to)
drilling fluid, cement slurry, spacer fluid, chemical wash,
completion fluid, acidizing fluid, fracturing fluid, gravel-pack
fluid and displacement fluid.
[0033] The wiper plug 1 may contain a chemical substance that may
be released at some point during its displacement through the
tubular body 2.
[0034] One or more instruments may be attached to the wiper plug 1,
the instruments measuring one or more parameters in the list
comprising: temperature, pressure, distance, pH, density,
resistivity, conductivity, salinity, carbon dioxide concentration
and asphaltene concentration.
[0035] The line 4 may deliver power to tools that emit energy in
the form of one or more types in the list comprising: electricity,
heat, acoustic waves, magnetic fields, microwaves, gamma rays,
x-rays and neutrons. The line 4 may also comprise one or more
strands, each strand able to operate independently. The line may
further comprise sensors, preferably distributed along the length
of the line, and enabling one to monitor one or more measurement
parameters along the tubular body.
[0036] Embodiments relate to methods for deploying a line in a
subterranean wellbore. A continuous line is selected, wherein the
line comprises a signal-conveyance medium and a protective jacket
surrounding the conveyance medium. The conveyance medium comprises
at least one electrical conductor, or at least one optical fiber,
or both. The electrical conductors and fibers may be in separate
strands that operate independently. Magnetizable particles are
embedded in the protective jacket. Prior to or during a
wellbore-service treatment, the particles are magnetized,
preferably in an alternating and regular positive-negative-positive
configuration.
[0037] The line is continuous, and is attached to a device that
travels through a tubular body in the wellbore. Both are inserted
into the tubular body. A process fluid is pumped into the wellhead,
the device is released and begins to travel through the tubular
body. As pumping continues, the line is dispensed into the wellbore
and becomes magnetically attached to the interior surface of the
tubular body.
[0038] The particles preferably comprise one or more ferromagnetic
materials. Suitable ferromagnetic materials include, but are not
limited to, chromium (IV) oxide, cobalt, dysprosium, ferrite,
gadolinium, gallium manganese arsenide, iron, magnetite,
neodymium-boron, nickel, permalloy, samarium-cobalt, suessite,
yttrium iron garnet, or combinations thereof. Of these, ferrite is
most preferred. The particle size of the ferromagnetic materials is
preferably between 5 and 50 micrometers, and more preferably
between 10 and 20 micrometers. The ferromagnetic-particle
concentration in the protective jacket is preferably between about
5% and 66% by volume, more preferably between about 5% and 50% by
volume and most preferably between about 5% and 20% by volume. The
thickness of the protective jacket is preferably between about 30
to 75 micrometers, and more preferably between about 40 to 50
micrometers.
[0039] Referring to FIG. 1, some embodiments comprise several
steps. A continuous magnetizable line 4 is selected. The line may
comprise one or more individual strands, each strand having the
ability to operate independently. A portion of the line is wound
around a first reel in a first apparatus 3 for dispensing line. The
other portion of the line is wound around a second reel in a second
apparatus 5 for dispensing line. The first apparatus 3 is attached
to a wiper plug 1 that travels through a tubular body 2, and the
combination is inserted into the tubular body 2 connected to a
wellhead 6. The second apparatus 5 is fixed inside the wellhead 6
such that the first apparatus 3 may travel away in the tubular body
2 when the wiper plug 1 is released. Process fluid 7 is pumped into
the wellhead 6, releasing the wiper plug 1 and forcing the wiper
plug to begin traveling through the tubular body 2. Continued
pumping of process fluid 7 allows the line 4 to unwind from the
first apparatus 3, the second apparatus 5 or both as the wiper plug
1 travels through the tubular body 2. Prior to or during
deployment, the line 4 is magnetized. Preferably, alternating and
regular positive-negative-positive poles exist along the line 4.
During deployment, the line migrates to the surface of the tubular
body. The line-deployment process is complete when the wiper plug 1
lands on float equipment at the end of the tubular body 2.
[0040] Alternate embodiments may not feature two line-dispensing
apparatuses; instead, one apparatus may be fixed at the
surface--outside or inside the wellhead. Or, one apparatus may be
fixed on the wiper plug or other device.
[0041] Process fluid 7 may comprise (but not be limited to)
drilling fluid, cement slurry, spacer fluid, chemical wash,
completion fluid, acidizing fluid, fracturing fluid, gravel-pack
fluid and displacement fluid.
[0042] The first element 1 may contain a chemical substance that
may be released at some point during its displacement through the
tubular body 2.
[0043] The first element 1 may contain one or more instruments that
measure one or more parameters in the list comprising: temperature,
pressure, distance, pH, density, resistivity, conductivity,
salinity, carbon dioxide concentration and asphaltene
concentration.
[0044] The line 4 may supply power to downhole devices that deliver
energy in the form of one or more in the list comprising:
electricity, heat, acoustic waves, magnetic fields, microwaves,
gamma rays, x-rays and neutrons. The line 4 may comprise one or
more strands, each strand able to operate independently. The line
may further comprise sensors, preferably distributed along the
length of the line, and enabling one to monitor one or more
measurement parameters along the tubular body.
[0045] Embodiments relate to methods for performing measurements in
a subterranean wellbore. A continuous line is selected, wherein the
line comprises a signal-conveyance medium and a protective jacket
surrounding the conveyance medium. The conveyance medium comprises
at least one electrical conductor, or at least one optical fiber,
or both. The electrical conductors and fibers may be in separate
strands that operate independently. Magnetizable particles are
embedded in the protective jacket. Prior to or during a
wellbore-service treatment, the particles are magnetized,
preferably in an alternating and regular positive-negative-positive
configuration. The line may further comprise sensors, preferably
distributed along the length of the line, and enabling one to
monitor one or more measurement parameters along the tubular body.
For example, one may measure the temperature of the tubular body
versus depth, and locate the top of the cement column in the
annulus.
[0046] The line is continuous, and is attached to a device that
travels through a tubular body in the wellbore. Both are inserted
into the tubular body. A process fluid is pumped into the wellhead,
the device is released and begins to travel through the tubular
body. As pumping continues, the line is dispensed into the wellbore
and becomes magnetically attached to the interior surface of the
tubular body.
[0047] During deployment or after the device has landed at the
bottom of the tubular body, measurements are performed. The
measurement parameters may include, but would not be limited to,
temperature, pressure, distance, pH, density, resistivity,
conductivity, salinity, carbon dioxide concentration and asphaltene
concentration. The measurements are then converted to one or more
signals that may be transmitted through the line to the
surface.
[0048] The particles preferably comprise one or more ferromagnetic
materials. Suitable ferromagnetic materials include, but are not
limited to, chromium (IV) oxide, cobalt, dysprosium, ferrite,
gadolinium, gallium manganese arsenide, iron, magnetite,
neodymium-boron, nickel, permalloy, samarium-cobalt, suessite,
yttrium iron garnet, or combinations thereof. Of these, ferrite is
most preferred. The particle size of the ferromagnetic materials is
preferably between 5 and 50 micrometers, and more preferably
between 10 and 20 micrometers. The ferromagnetic-particle
concentration in the protective jacket is preferably between about
5% and 66% by volume, more preferably between about 5% and 50% by
volume and most preferably between about 5% and 20% by volume. The
thickness of the protective jacket is preferably between about 30
to 75 micrometers, and more preferably between about 40 to 50
micrometers.
[0049] Process fluid may comprise (but not be limited to) drilling
fluid, cement slurry, spacer fluid, chemical wash, completion
fluid, acidizing fluid, fracturing fluid, gravel-pack fluid and
displacement fluid.
[0050] The device may contain a chemical substance that may be
released at some point during its displacement through the tubular
body.
[0051] The line may supply power to downhole tools that deliver
energy in the form of one or more in the list comprising:
electricity, heat, acoustic waves, magnetic fields, microwaves,
gamma rays, x-rays and neutrons.
[0052] The line may comprise one or more strands, each strand able
to operate independently.
[0053] The preceding description has been presented with reference
to presently preferred embodiments of the disclosure. Persons
skilled in the art and technology to which this disclosure pertains
will appreciate that alterations and changes in the described
structures and methods of operation can be practiced without
meaningfully departing from the principle, and scope of this
disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing description should not be
read as pertaining only to the precise structures described and
shown in the accompanying drawings, but rather should be read as
consistent with and as support for the following claims, which are
to have their fullest and fairest scope.
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