U.S. patent application number 14/106620 was filed with the patent office on 2014-06-26 for method and system for identifying people who are likely to have a successful relationship.
This patent application is currently assigned to eHarmony, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is eHarmony, Inc.. Invention is credited to J. Galen Buckwalter, Steven R. Carter, Gregory T. Forgatch, Thomas D. Parsons, Neil Clark Warren.
Application Number | 20140180942 14/106620 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32230625 |
Filed Date | 2014-06-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140180942 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Buckwalter; J. Galen ; et
al. |
June 26, 2014 |
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING PEOPLE WHO ARE LIKELY TO HAVE A
SUCCESSFUL RELATIONSHIP
Abstract
The functions and operations of a matching service are
disclosed. This includes approximating the satisfaction that a user
of the matching service has in the relationships that the user
forms with others and identifying candidates for a relationship
with the user based on the approximated satisfaction. This also
includes approximating the satisfaction that the user will have in
a relationship with a particular candidate. The matching service
also identifies two parties for a relationship. The matching
service makes available a plurality of communication levels at
which the parties can communicate. Each communication level allows
the parties to exchange information in a different format. The
parties are permitted to exchange information at one of the
communication levels.
Inventors: |
Buckwalter; J. Galen;
(Pasadena, CA) ; Carter; Steven R.; (Pasadena,
CA) ; Forgatch; Gregory T.; (San Marino, CA) ;
Parsons; Thomas D.; (Pasadena, CA) ; Warren; Neil
Clark; (Pasadena, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
eHarmony, Inc. |
Santa Monica |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
eHarmony, Inc.
Santa Monica
CA
|
Family ID: |
32230625 |
Appl. No.: |
14/106620 |
Filed: |
December 13, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12287705 |
Oct 10, 2008 |
8635167 |
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14106620 |
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10779106 |
Feb 13, 2004 |
7454357 |
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12287705 |
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09636010 |
Aug 10, 2000 |
6735568 |
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10779106 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
705/319 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L 67/22 20130101;
G06Q 50/01 20130101; G06Q 10/00 20130101; G06Q 30/02 20130101; G06Q
30/0281 20130101; H04L 67/141 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
705/319 |
International
Class: |
G06Q 50/00 20060101
G06Q050/00; G06Q 10/00 20060101 G06Q010/00 |
Claims
1-16. (canceled)
17. A system of operating an online matching service, comprising: a
processor configured to: execute a satisfaction approximator to
approximate a relationship satisfaction that a user of the online
matching service has in the relationships that the user forms with
others; and execute a candidate identifier to identify a plurality
of candidates for a relationship with the user based on the
approximated relationship satisfaction, wherein the satisfaction
approximator approximates a coupling satisfaction that the user
will have in a relationship with each of the plurality of
candidates to generate a coupling satisfaction predictor, from
empirical data, based on a plurality of factors corresponding to a
like number of functions of one or more variables relevant to the
relationship satisfaction; and a memory coupled to the processor
and configured to provide the processor with instructions.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the satisfaction approximator
approximates the relationship satisfaction that a user of the
online matching service has in the relationships that the user
forms with others by generating an approximate individual
satisfaction index for the user.
19. The system of claim 17, wherein the satisfaction approximator
approximates the relationship satisfaction that a user of the
online matching service has in the relationships that the user
forms with others by generating an individual satisfaction
estimator.
20. The system of claim 17, wherein the satisfaction approximator
approximates the relationship satisfaction that a user of the
online matching service has in the relationships that the user
forms with others by generating an individual satisfaction
estimator, and wherein the individual satisfaction estimator
includes a relationship between an individual satisfaction index
and one or more questions answered by the user.
21. The system of claim 17, wherein the satisfaction approximator
approximates the relationship satisfaction that a user of the
online matching service has in the relationships that the user
forms with others by generating an individual satisfaction
estimator, and wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a survey from the user, the user having provided answers to
a plurality of inquiries in the survey, at least a portion of the
answers being associated with a number; and compare answers
provided by the user to an individual satisfaction estimator.
22. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further
configured to: execute a classifier to classify the user based on
the approximated relationship satisfaction that the user has in the
relationships that person forms with others; and execute a selector
to identify the candidates such that the candidates fall within a
common class with the user.
23. The system of claim 17, wherein the satisfaction approximator
approximates the coupling satisfaction that the user will have in a
relationship by generating an approximate couple satisfaction index
for the user and a particular candidate.
24. The system of claim 17, wherein the satisfaction approximator
approximates the coupling satisfaction that the user will have in a
relationship by generating a couple satisfaction estimator, and
wherein the couple satisfaction estimator includes a relationship
between an individual satisfaction index and one or more questions
answered by the user.
25. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further
configured to: receive a survey from the user, the user having
provided answers to a plurality of inquiries in the survey, at
least a portion of the answers being associated with a number;
select a candidate to be matched with the user, the candidate
having provided answers to a second survey, at least a portion of
the answers provided by the candidate being associated with a
number; and compare at least a portion of the answers provided by
the user and at least a portion of the answers provided by the
selected candidate to a couple satisfaction estimator.
26. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further
configured to: execute a neural network to process information
provided by the user and determine the plurality of candidates
based on the approximated relationship satisfaction and the
approximated coupling satisfaction for each of the plurality of
candidates.
27. A computer program product for operating an online matching
service, the computer program product being embodied in a tangible
computer readable storage medium and comprising computer
instructions for: approximating a relationship satisfaction that a
user of the online matching service has in relationships that the
user forms with others; identifying a plurality of candidates for a
relationship with the user based on the approximated relationship
satisfaction; and approximating a coupling satisfaction that the
user will have in a relationship with each of the plurality of
candidates to generate a coupling satisfaction predictor, from
empirical data, based on a plurality of factors corresponding to a
like number of functions of one or more variables relevant to the
relationship satisfaction.
28. The computer program product recited in claim 27, wherein
approximating the relationship satisfaction that a user of the
online matching service has in the relationships that the user
forms with others includes generating an approximate individual
satisfaction index for the user.
29. The computer program product recited in claim 27, wherein
approximating the relationship satisfaction that a user of the
online matching service has in the relationships that the user
forms with others includes generating an individual satisfaction
estimator, and wherein the individual satisfaction estimator
includes a relationship between an individual satisfaction index
and one or more questions answered by the user.
30. The computer program product recited in claim 27, wherein
approximating the relationship satisfaction that a user of the
online matching service has in the relationships that the user
forms with others includes generating an individual satisfaction
estimator, further comprising computer instructions for: receiving
a survey from the user, the user having provided answers to a
plurality of inquiries in the survey, at least a portion of the
answers being associated with a number; and comparing answers
provided by the user to an individual satisfaction estimator.
31. The computer program product recited in claim 27, further
comprising computer instructions for: classifying the user based on
the approximated relationship satisfaction that the user has in the
relationships that person forms with others; and identifying the
candidates such that the candidates fall within the same class as
the user.
32. The computer program product recited in claim 27, wherein
approximating the coupling satisfaction that the user will have in
a relationship includes generating an approximate couple
satisfaction index for the user and a particular candidate.
33. The computer program product recited in claim 27, wherein
approximating the coupling satisfaction that the user will have in
a relationship includes generating a couple satisfaction
estimator.
34. The computer program product recited in claim 27, wherein the
couple satisfaction estimator includes a relationship between an
individual satisfaction index and one or more questions answered by
the user.
35. The computer program product recited in claim 27, further
comprising computer instructions for: receiving a survey from the
user, the user having provided answers to a plurality of inquiries
in the survey, at least a portion of the answers being associated
with a number; selecting a candidate to be matched with the user,
the candidate having provided answers to a second survey, at least
a portion of the answers provided by the candidate being associated
with a number; and comparing at least a portion of the answers
provided by the user and at least a portion of the answers provided
by the selected candidate to a couple satisfaction estimator.
36. The computer program product recited in claim 27, further
comprising computer instructions for: processing information
provided by the user using a neural network; and receiving from the
neural network the plurality of candidates based on the
approximated relationship satisfaction and the approximated
coupling satisfaction for each of the plurality of candidates.
37. A system of operating an online matching service, comprising: a
processor configured to: execute a satisfaction approximator to
approximate a relationship satisfaction that a user of the online
matching service has in the relationships that the user forms with
others; execute a candidate identifier to identify a plurality of
candidates for a relationship with the user based on the
approximated relationship satisfaction, wherein the satisfaction
approximator approximates a coupling satisfaction that the user
will have in a relationship with each of the plurality of
candidates to generate a coupling satisfaction predictor, from
empirical data, based on a plurality of factors corresponding to a
like number of functions of one or more variables relevant to the
relationship satisfaction; and execute a communication platform,
wherein the communication platform is configured to: receive a
request by the user to communicate with a selected candidate at a
requested communication level; determine whether the selected
candidate is interested in communicating with the user; and
facilitate communication between the user and the selected
candidate at the requested communication level if it is determined
that the selected candidate agreed to communicate with the user at
the requested communication level; and a memory coupled to the
processor and configured to provide the processor with
instructions.
Description
RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
[0001] This patent application is a continuation of the U.S. patent
application entitled "Method and System for Identifying People Who
are Likely to Have a Successful Relationship," Ser. No. ______
filed on Aug. 10, 2000, and is incorporated by reference
herein.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The invention relates generally to operation of a matching
service. Specifically, the invention relates to identifying and
providing communication between people who are likely to have a
successful relationship.
[0004] 2. Background of the Invention
[0005] A matching service attempts to identify and bring together
two or more people that the matching service believes may have a
successful relationship. Many matching services identify matches by
techniques that find people with common personalities, interests
and/or beliefs. However, these matching techniques often do not
account for the large number of variables that can determine
whether a relationship is successful. Research has shown that the
success of human relationships depends on complex interactions
between a large number of variables including, but not limited to,
personality, socioeconomic status, religion, appearance, ethnic
background, energy level, education, interests and appearance. The
large number of variables involved in determining relationship
success has made predicting the success of a relationship to be
very unreliable. Accordingly, matching services are unable to
reliably predict relationship success and their clients are often
disappointed with the results of their matches. As a result, there
is a need for a method of matching people that accounts for the
complexity of the relationships between the variables that
determine relationship success.
[0006] After identifying candidates for a match, many matching
services allow the candidates to communicate by telephone or by
e-mail. Many people are not comfortable communicating with a new
person in such an immediately open format. As a result, many people
would be comfortable with a more gradual and less personal
introduction to new people. Accordingly, there is a need for
providing communication between matched candidates that is
comfortable to the candidates.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The invention relates to the functions and operation of a
matching service. The invention, embodied as a method, includes
approximating the satisfaction that a user of the matching service
has in the relationships that the user forms with others, and
identifying candidates for a relationship with the user based on
the approximated satisfaction. The method also includes
approximating the satisfaction that the user will have in a
relationship with a particular candidate.
[0008] The method can also include classifying the user based on
the approximated satisfaction that the user will have in the
relationships that user forms with others. Candidates for matching
with the user are identified based on the classification of the
user. The satisfaction that the user is likely to have in a
relationship with each of the identified candidates is determined
in order to identify the one or more candidates with whom the user
is most likely to have a successful relationship.
[0009] Another method for operating a matching service according to
this invention includes receiving a plurality of surveys completed
by different users. Each survey includes a plurality of inquiries
into matters that are relevant to formation of relationships with
other people. At least a portion of the inquiries have answers that
are associated with a number. The method also includes using
answers which the individuals provide to the inquiries in a factor
analysis to identify a plurality of factors. These factors are used
to generate an individual satisfaction estimator.
[0010] In one embodiment, the invention also includes identifying
the factors that most highly predict satisfaction in a
relationship.
[0011] Still another embodiment of the invention includes inputting
into a neural network information provided by a user of the
matching service and receiving from the neural network a list of
one or more candidates that the neural network has determined will
be successful in a relationship with the individual.
[0012] Yet another embodiment of the invention includes identifying
two parties for a relationship and providing a plurality of
communication levels. Each communication level allows the parties
to exchange information in a different format. The invention also
includes allowing the parties to exchange information at one of the
communication levels.
[0013] One example of a communication level allows the parties to
exchange answer to one or more closed-ended questions written by
the matching service. Another example of a communication level
allows exchange of open-ended questions written by the matching
service. Yet another example of a communication level allows
exchange of items selected from a list created by the matching
service.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates a system for matching a user of a
matching service with one or more candidates selected from among a
pool of candidates.
[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a survey that is answered
by numerous individuals.
[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure and contents of an
empirical database generated from the answers to the survey
illustrated in FIG. 2.
[0017] FIG. 4 is an example of a correlation matrix that shows the
degrees of correlation between entries in the empirical
database.
[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates factors as a function of the answers to
one or more inquiries on a survey.
[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates the structure and contents of a factor
value database that lists the value of the factors for particular
people.
[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates a linear regression performed on
individual satisfaction index data plotted versus the value of a
particular factor for the men listed in the factor value
database.
[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a couple database which
lists the difference in the value of particular factors between the
members of a couple.
[0022] FIG. 9 illustrates an individual satisfaction index plotted
versus the value of the differential factor labeled
.DELTA.F.sub.1
[0023] FIG. 10 illustrates the invention embodied as a method of
operating a matching service.
[0024] FIG. 11 illustrates the invention embodied as a method of
preparing empirical data in preparation for matching a user with
one or more candidates.
[0025] FIG. 12 illustrates the invention embodied as a method for
using the prepared empirical data to match a user of the matching
service with one or more candidates.
[0026] FIG. 13 illustrates the invention embodied as a method of
providing communication between the user of the service and the one
or more candidates.
[0027] FIG. 14 illustrates a supervised backpropogated neural
network.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The invention relates to the functions and operation of a
matching service. The matching service employs empirical data to
identify and select one or more candidates for a relationship with
a user of the service. When the user and one of the selected
candidates wish to communicate, the matching service allows them to
communicate at a plurality of communication levels. Each of the
communication levels allows the parties to exchange information in
a different format. Examples of exchanging information at different
communication levels include exchanging answers to open-ended
questions provided by the matching service, exchanging items
selected from a list provided by the matching service, exchanging
answers to open-ended questions provided by the matching service
and exchanging questions and answers written by the user and/or the
candidate.
[0029] In one embodiment of the invention there is no sequence
assigned to the communication levels and the parties agree on which
communication level they will communicate. As a result, people who
are uncomfortable meeting someone in a very open format can choose
a communication level with a more closed format such as one for
exchanging closed-ended-questions.
[0030] In another embodiment of the invention, the matching service
requires that the parties advance through a particular sequence or
hierarchy of communication levels. The matching service can
sequence the communication levels to ensure a slow introduction of
the two parties. Additionally, the subject matter of the
communications can be controlled to limit the exchange of more
personal information to later communication levels. The service
starts the parties, the user and the candidate, communicating at a
particular communication level. In one embodiment, the matching
service controls when the parties advance from one communication
level to another. In another embodiment, the parties are able to
select when they will advance from one communication level to the
next level.
[0031] The matching service can facilitate each exchange of
information by receiving a portion of the communication from one
party and then forwarding the communication to the other party. The
matching service can modify the communication so the identity of
the sending party is concealed. As a result, the communication
between the parties remains anonymous.
[0032] The identification and selection of particular candidates
for a relationship with a user is based on empirical data about
people and the satisfaction these people have in their
relationships. The matching service prepares the empirical data for
use in matching people. The data preparation can include generation
of an individual satisfaction estimator and a couple satisfaction
estimator.
[0033] The individual satisfaction estimator and a couple
satisfaction estimator are used to match people. A user of the
matching service completes a survey to provide data to the matching
service. The user's data is compared to an individual satisfaction
estimator to approximate the satisfaction the user has in his/her
relationships with others. Candidates for matching with the user
are identified based on the results. For instance, the candidates
have results which are similar to the user to reduce matches
between people who are likely to have conflicting
relationships.
[0034] One of the identified candidates is then selected. Data for
the user and data for the selected candidate is compared to
approximate the satisfaction that the user would have in a
relationship with the candidate. This is repeated for each of the
identified candidates. The results are studied to identify the
candidate and user combinations that would result in the most
satisfaction. The user and the identified candidates are then given
the option of communicating with one another.
[0035] As described above, the approximate individual satisfaction
index and the couple satisfaction index are generated from
empirical data. The empirical data is generated from surveys
completed by different individuals. Each survey includes a
plurality of inquiries into matters which are relevant to each
individual in forming relationships with other people. The
inquiries can have numerical answers. These answers are used in a
factor analysis to identify factors that are each a function of one
or more correlated inquiries. These factors are used in the
generation of the individual satisfaction estimator and the couple
satisfaction estimator. Because the factors are a function of
several inquiries, the use of the factors reduces the number of
variables considered when generating the approximate individual
satisfaction index and the couple satisfaction index. However, the
complexity of the relationships between the variables (question
answers) is retained in the results because each of the variables
are taken into consideration when generating the factors.
[0036] In one embodiment of the invention, a matching service uses
the methods taught in this specification to train a neural network.
Training the neural network allows the matching service to take
advantage of a neural network's ability to resolve problems in the
presence of noisy and complex data. Additionally, the matching
service can take advantage of the neural network to learn to
improve the quality of the matching results.
[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system 10 for matching
people who are interested in establishing a relationship with other
people. The system 10 includes a network 12 providing communication
between a matching service 14 and one or more remote units 16. The
matching service 14 can include one or more processing units for
communicating with the remote units 16. The processing units
include electronics for performing the methods and functions
described in this application. In one embodiment, the processing
units include a neural network. Suitable remote units 16 include,
but are not limited to, desktop personal computer, workstation,
telephone, cellular telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA),
laptop, or any other device capable of interfacing with a
communications network. Suitable networks 12 for communication
between the server and the remote units 16 include, but are not
limited to, the Internet, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual
private network (VPN) and non-TCP/IP based networks 12.
[0038] A user of a remote unit 16 and the matching service 14 can
communicate as shown by the arrow labeled A. Examples of
communications include exchange of electronic mail, web pages and
answers to inquiries on web pages. The user of the remote unit 16
can also communicate with the user of another remote unit 16 as
indicated by the arrow labeled B. The matching service provides the
communication by receiving the communication from one user and
providing the communication to another user. The matching service
14 can modify the communication from one user to another user. For
instance, the matching service 14 can change the user's real name
on an e-mail to a username so the sending user's identity is
protected. The username can be assigned by the matching service 14
when the user signs up for the service or can be selected by the
user when the user signs up for the matching service 14. One user
can also communicate directly with another user as shown by the
arrow labeled C. This direct communication can occur after the
users exchange e-mail addresses or phone numbers during a
communication through the matching service 14. Alternatively, one
user can request that the matching service 14 provide another user
with his/her direct communication information, i.e. e-mail address.
The methods described in the present invention can be performed
using only the communications illustrated by the arrows labeled A,
B and C. However, other forms of communication can be used
including normal mail services, phone calls and directly visiting
the matching service.
[0039] The matching service 14 employs a data preparation stage, a
matching stage and a communications stage. During the data
preparation stage, empirical data is manipulated in preparation for
the matching stage. The empirical data is used to match one or more
candidates with a user in the matching stage. At the communication
stage, communication is achieved between the user and one or more
of the users. The communication can occur in one or more
communication stages which are selected by the user and the
candidate.
[0040] The matching service 14 employs empirical data during the
data preparation stage. The empirical data is generated from
answers to surveys such as the survey 20 illustrated in FIG. 2. The
survey 20 asks a series of inquiries 22 that can be numerically
answered. For instance, the inquiry "Do you like to go camping" is
followed by a series of numbers arranged in a scale. The user
provides an answer somewhere along the scale based on their
preference for the activity. For instance, a "1" can indicate that
the user enjoys camping while a "5" indicates that the user does
not enjoy camping. Because the answer to each question varies from
user to user, each inquiry and the associated answers are often
referred to as variables.
[0041] Surveys 20 can be completed for the purpose of generating
enough data for the matching service to make reliable matches. For
instance, a large number of persons can be enlisted to fill out the
surveys 20. These answers can then be used to construct an
empirical database that can be used in the method of matching
persons. However, these people who fill out these surveys need not
become candidates for the service to match with others. As will
become more apparent from the following discussion, the empirical
database preferably should include data from both members of
existing couples or previously existing couples. As a result,
people selected to fill out surveys for the purpose of building an
empirical database may be couples and may even be married.
[0042] The survey 20 can also be completed by means of a remote
unit 16 with access to the matching service 14. The survey can be
made available to the user in the form of one or more web pages
after the user has registered for use of the matching service.
After submitting the completed survey to the matching service, the
user can request a list of potentially matching candidates from the
matching service. The user can also request to become a candidate
for matches with other users. In either case, the survey answers
provided by the user are stored in the empirical database.
[0043] The survey and/or the registration process can also request
that the user submit preliminary information. Preliminary
information is information that is provided to a user and a
candidate to help them determine whether they would like to
initiate communication with the other party. The information which
is provided can be entirely up to the user although the matching
service can make suggestions about information which has been
successful at eliciting responses. The preliminary information can
include the user's appearance, interests, height, weight, location,
age, picture, religion, business, etc. The user can also have the
option of writing a short blurb about himself/herself.
[0044] The survey and/or the registration process can also request
information to define people that would be candidates for the user.
For instance, whether the user is seeking individuals of a specific
religious group, ethnic background or sexual orientation.
[0045] The survey 20 need not be constant and can change with time.
For instance, as the matching service 14 finds that certain
inquiries 22 are less effective at revealing relationship
satisfaction, these, inquiries 22 can be dropped from the survey
20. Additionally, the matching service can add new questions to the
survey to find out whether the new questions add incite into
relationship satisfaction.
[0046] As described above, the answers to the survey 20 are used to
generate an empirical database. FIG. 3 is an example of an
empirical database 24. The empirical database 24 includes a column
of identifier fields 26 that each identify a person who filled out
the survey 20. Example identifiers include a person's name or other
symbol associated with a particular person. The empirical database
24 also includes a plurality of variable columns 28. Each variable
column 28 is marked by a particular letter that is associated with
one of the inquiries 22 discussed above. Each field in a variable
column 28 indicates a particular person's answer to a inquiry in
the survey 20. Fields in the empirical database 24 can also be
empty as results when certain inquiries 22 are dropped or added to
the survey 20. Empty fields can also result when a user chooses not
to answer one or more of the inquiries 22.
[0047] A correlation matrix 30 is constructed from the empirical
database 24 in order to illustrate the degree of correlation
between the variables of the empirical database 24. An example of a
correlation matrix 30 is illustrated in FIG. 4. Each field of the
correlation matrix 30 shows the degree of correlation between two
of the variables. The degree of correlation can vary from negative
one to positive one. A value of one indicates a high degree of
correlation between the two variables. As a result, the correlation
between variable A and itself is 1. The correlation matrix 30 is
constructed from the empirical database 24. A suitable program for
generating the correlation matrix 30 is STATISTICA from Statsoft,
Inc. of Tulsa Okla. The variables used to construct the correlation
matrix 30 are selected from the variables in the empirical database
24 by the matching service 14. As a result, variables that are less
relevant to the satisfaction of a couple can be removed from the
correlation matrix 30.
[0048] The correlation matrix 30 is examined to identify
combinations of correlated variables that are commonly called
factors. The factors are identified in a statistical process known
as factor analysis. Factor analysis is a method of combining
multiple variables into a single factor in order to reduce the
total number of variables that must be considered. Hence, each
factor is a function of one or more variables as illustrated in
FIG. 5. For instance, the factors can be a weighted linear
combination of two or more variables. The factor analysis is
preferably performed to identify the minimum number of factors
which are need to account for the maximum percentage of the total
variance present in the original set of variables. A suitable
factor analysis includes, but is not limited to, a principle
component analysis with an eigenvalues greater than or equal to 1
criteria and a rotational procedure that is the biquartimax
solution.
[0049] The factors are then used to generate a factor value
database 32 such as the database illustrated in FIG. 6. The factor
value database 32 can include a column of identifier fields 26 and
several columns of factor fields 34. Each field in a column of
factor fields 34 lists the value of a factor for a particular
person. The people listed in the factor Value database can include
different people than the empirical database. For instance, as data
in the empirical database becomes outdated it can be dropped from
the factor value database.
[0050] The factor value database 32 also includes a column of
individual satisfaction index fields 36. The individual
satisfaction index indicates the level of satisfaction that a
particular person who is a part of a couple has in that
relationship. A suitable individual satisfaction index is the
Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). The DAS is a validated tool for
assessing the level of satisfaction of a married person in that
person's marriage. The DAS for a particular person can be generated
from answers to inquiries 22 that are included in the survey 20
discussed with respect to FIG. 1. Because the DAS can be determined
for existing couples, the DAS is a useful individual satisfaction
index for developing the data needed by the matching service 14
prior to the time the matching service has enough users to generate
statistics concerning the quality of matches that were made by the
matching service. Other individual satisfaction indexes can be
generated for use with the present invention.
[0051] An individual satisfaction index can be generated from
couples that are matched by the matching service 14. For instance,
each matched couple could be sent surveys 20 at various times after
the match in order to determine each person's level of satisfaction
with the coupling. The answers to these surveys 20 could then be
used to determine an individual satisfaction index. A coupling
index based on results of matching services 14 matches provides
feedback concerning match results. Updating the methods of the
present invention with this feedback allows the matching service to
"learn" by taking into account the results of previous matches when
making future matches. Other coupling indexes can also be
constructed for use with the methods of the present invention.
[0052] Individual satisfaction indexes determined by different
methods can be scaled so they can be compared. Accordingly, an
individual satisfaction index generated from matching results can
be compared with a DAS. Accordingly, the matching service 14 can
convert a DAS based individual satisfaction index to an individual
satisfaction index derived from matching results.
[0053] The factor value database 32 is used to approximate
relationships between the individual satisfaction index and one or
more of the factors. This relationship is called an individual
satisfaction estimator because the relationship can be used to
approximate an individual satisfaction index for an individual as
will be described in more detail below.
[0054] An individual satisfaction estimator can be determined for
each match group. A match group is a group of persons who may have
different factors influence their satisfaction in a relationship.
For instance, suitable match groups may include straight men,
straight women, gay men and gay women. A relationship for a
particular match group is generated using only data for members of
the particular match group.
[0055] A suitable method for approximating a relationship between
the individual satisfaction index and one or more of the factors
includes, but is not limited to, performing a multiple linear
regression and correlation analysis on the individual satisfaction
indexes versus the factor data. Software for performing the
multiple linear regression and correlation analysis is available
from STATISTICA from Statsoft, Inc. of Tulsa Okla. The linear
regression is preferably a step-wise linear regression.
[0056] Multiple linear regression and correlation analysis is a
preferred method for approximating the relationship because the
differential factors that are minimally correlated to the couple
satisfaction index can be removed from the relationship.
Accordingly, the number of factors included in the relationship are
reduced. The factors included in the relationship are called
selected satisfaction factors below.
[0057] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of generating a relationship
between the individual satisfaction index and one of the factors.
For the purposes of illustration, the example is highly simplified
to include a single factor. The individual satisfaction indexes for
men are plotted versus the value of a factor labeled F.sub.1. The
results of a step-wise linear regression performed on the plotted
data is illustrated. These results are the approximated
relationship between the individual satisfaction index and the
factor value.
[0058] Equation 1 is an example of an individual satisfaction
estimator generated using a multiple linear regression and
correlation analysis. Each of the selected satisfaction factors is
assigned a weight according to the degree of correlation between
the value of the factor and the individual satisfaction index. The
higher the degree of correlation associated with a particular
factor, the higher the weight assigned to that factor. The selected
satisfaction factors are combined as shown in Equation 1 where C is
the approximated individual satisfaction index, F.sub.i is a
selected satisfaction factor i and w.sub.i is the weight assigned
to
C=.SIGMA.w.sub.iF.sub.i Equation 1
[0059] As described above, the individual satisfaction estimator
can be used to determine an approximate individual satisfaction
index for an individual. The approximate individual satisfaction
index is determined by comparing the individual's survey answers to
the individual satisfaction estimator. For instance, the
individual's answers can be used to calculate each of the selected
satisfaction factors in Equation 1. Each of the calculated factors
is substituted into Equation 1 along with the appropriate weights
to determine the approximated individual satisfaction index, C. As
described above, the individual satisfaction index is an indication
of how satisfied an individual is in a relationship. Accordingly,
the approximated individual satisfaction index, C, that is
determined for a person provides an indication of how satisfied
that person will be in the relationships that person forms with
others.
[0060] The approximate individual satisfaction index can be used to
classify individuals. For instance, individuals may be placed in an
unlikely men classification, an unlikely women classification, an
average men classification, an average woman classification, a good
men classification or a good woman classification. The unlikely
classification may indicate that the user is unlikely to be happy
in any relationship. The average classification indicates that the
user has an average chance of forming satisfactory relationships
and the good classification indicates that the user has an above
average chance of forming satisfactory relationships. The classes
can be broken down further to include personal information such as
sexual orientation. The user can be placed in a particular
classification based on whether his individual satisfaction index
falls within a particular range associated with the classification.
For instance, a man with low individual satisfaction indexes can be
placed in the unlikely men classification and a woman with a high
individual satisfaction index can be placed in a good woman
classification. The matching service may choose not to provide
service to people who fall within particular classifications. For
instance, the matching service may choose not to match people who
fall within the unlikely classification.
[0061] A couple database 40 can also be generated from the factor
value database 32. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a couple
database 40. The couple database 40 includes a column of couple
identifier fields 42, a column of male individual satisfaction
index fields 44A, a column of female individual satisfaction index
fields 44B and several columns of differential factor fields. The
fields in the column of male satisfaction indexes list the
individual satisfaction index for the male of each couple and the
fields in the column of female satisfaction indexes list the
individual satisfaction index for the female of each couple.
Although these column descriptions assume the couples include a
male and female method, the couple database can be easily adapted
to include couples of a single sex. The fields in the columns of
differential factor fields list the difference between the value of
a factor for the couple. For instance, the fields in the column of
differential factor fields 46 labeled .DELTA.F.sub.1 can the list
difference between the value of F.sub.1 for the female of a couple
and the value of F.sub.1 for the male of the couple.
[0062] The couple database 40 can be used to approximate
relationships between the individual satisfaction index and one or
more of the differential factors. This relationship is called a
couple satisfaction estimator because it can be used to approximate
the satisfaction that a person would have in a relationship with a
particular person. A couple satisfaction estimator can be
determined for each class that people are placed into based on
their individual satisfaction index or their approximate individual
satisfaction index. A couple satisfaction estimator for a
particular class is generated using only data for members of the
class. The matching service may have a class for people that the
matching service does not wish to match. Because people falling
within this class will not be matched, a couple satisfaction
estimator does not need to be generated for this class.
[0063] A suitable method for approximating a relationship between
the individual satisfaction index and the one or more of the
differential factors includes, but is not limited to, performing a
multiple linear regression and correlation analysis on the
individual satisfaction index versus the differential factor data.
Software for performing the multiple linear regression and
correlation analysis is available from STATISTICA from Statsoft,
Inc. of Tulsa Okla. The linear regression is preferably a step-wise
linear regression.
[0064] Multiple linear regression and correlation analysis is a
preferred method for approximating the relationship because the
differential factors that are minimally correlated to the couple
satisfaction index can be removed from the relationship.
Accordingly, the number of differential factors included in the
relationship can be reduced. The factors included in the
relationship are called selected differential factors below.
[0065] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of generating a relationship
between the individual satisfaction index and one of the
differential factors. For the purposes of illustration, the example
is highly simplified to include a single differential factor. The
individual satisfaction indexes for men in the average
classification are plotted versus the value of a differential
factor labeled .DELTA.F.sub.1. The results of a step-wise linear
regression performed on the plotted data is illustrated. These
results are the approximated relationship between the individual
satisfaction index and the differential factor value for men in the
average class.
[0066] Equation 2 is an example of a couple satisfaction estimator
generated using a multiple linear regression and correlation
analysis. Each of the selected differential factors is assigned a
weight according to the degree of correlation between the value of
the differential factor and the individual satisfaction index. The
higher the degree of correlation associated with a particular
differential factor, the higher the weight assigned to that
differential factor. The selected differential factors are combined
as shown in Equation 2 where CI is the approximate couple
satisfaction index, F.sub.i is a selected satisfaction factor i and
w.sub.i is the weight assigned to F.sub.i.
CI=.SIGMA.w.sub.i.DELTA.F.sub.i Equation 2
[0067] As described above, the couple satisfaction estimator can be
used to determine an approximate couple satisfaction index for a
couple. The approximate couple satisfaction index is determined by
comparing the couple's survey answers to the couple satisfaction
estimator. For instance, the couple's answers can be used to
calculate each of the selected differential factors in Equation 2.
Each of these differential factors is substituted into Equation 2
along with the appropriate weights to determine the approximate
couple satisfaction index, CI. The approximate couple satisfaction
index is an approximate value of the satisfaction index that a
particular person would have in a relationship with another
person.
[0068] During the matching stage, the matching system 10 matches a
user operating a remote unit 16 with one or more candidates. The
user fills out a survey 20 at the remote unit 16. In one
embodiment, the survey 20 includes only the variables needed to
calculate each of the selected factors and the selected
differential factors. In another embodiment, the survey 20 includes
the variables needed to calculate each of the factors identified
during the factor analysis. In yet another embodiment, the survey
20 includes more variables than are needed to calculate the factors
identified during the factor analysis.
[0069] The matching service 14 receives the survey 20 filled out by
the user and the user's match group is identified. The individual
satisfaction estimator associated with the identified match group
is identified. The user's answers to the inquiries 22 are compared
to the identified individual satisfaction estimator to determine an
approximate individual satisfaction index for the user.
[0070] The user is then placed in a class based on the user's
approximate individual satisfaction index. As described above,
users may be placed in an unlikely men or women classification, an
average men or women classification or a good men or women
classification.
[0071] The matching service 14 then selects candidates to be
matched with the user. The selected candidates fall within either
the same or similar class as the user. Alternatively, the
candidates fall within a class that is similar to the user but
includes members of the opposite sex. For instance, if the user is
heterosexual and fits within the good men classification, the
candidates fall within the good women classification.
[0072] The matching service identifies the couple satisfaction
estimator associated with the user's classification and one of the
identified candidates is selected. The user's answers to the
inquiries 22 and the selected candidate's answers to the questions
are compared to the identified couple satisfaction estimator to
determine an approximate couple satisfaction index for the user and
the selected candidate. As discussed above, the approximate couple
satisfaction index approximates the satisfaction that the user will
have in a relationship with the selected candidate. An approximate
couple satisfaction index is generated for each identified
candidate.
[0073] The matching service uses the approximate couple
satisfaction index to identify potential matches for the user. For
instance, the matching service can select candidates who result in
a couple satisfaction index over a particular threshold as
potential matches. Alternatively, some pre-determined number of
candidates resulting in the highest couple satisfaction indexes are
identified as potential match candidates.
[0074] Additionally, the matching service can use a criteria based
on determining a couple satisfaction index for both and a couple
satisfaction index for the candidate for each user and candidate
combination. For instance, for each combination of a user and a
candidate, the matching service can identify the couple
satisfaction predictor associated with the class of the user and
the couple satisfaction predictor associate with the class of the
candidate. The survey answers for the user and the candidate can be
compared to the couple satisfaction predictor associated with the
class of the user to generate an approximate couple satisfaction
index for the user. The survey answers for the user and the
candidate can also be compared to the couple satisfaction predictor
associated with the class of the candidate to generate an
approximate couple satisfaction index for the candidate.
Accordingly, the matching service will have approximated the user's
satisfaction in a relationship with a candidate and the candidate's
satisfaction in a relationship with a user. The matching service
can combine these results to select the matches for the user. For
instance, the approximate couple satisfaction index for the
candidate and the user can be added together and the candidates
that provide the highest total will be selected as a potential
match. Other combinations of the approximate couple satisfaction
index for the candidate and the user can be used to select the
potential matches. For instance, the approximate couple
satisfaction index for the candidate and the user can be averaged
and the difference between the approximate couple satisfaction
index for the candidate and the user can also be determined. The
candidates that yield the high averages and low differences can be
selected as the potential matches.
[0075] During the communication stage, the matching service 14
provides preliminary information for each of the potential match
candidates to the user. The matching service 14 can also provide
the user with several communication levels from which to choose.
Alternatively, the matching service can arrange the communication
levels in a particular sequence and require that the user and the
candidate being in a particular communication level.
[0076] Each of the communication levels allows the parties to
exchange information in a different format. Examples of exchanging
information at different communication levels include exchanging
answers to open-ended questions provided by the matching service,
exchanging items selected from a list provided by the matching
service, exchanging answers to open-ended questions provided by the
matching service and exchanging questions and answers written by
the user and/or the candidate.
[0077] The communication levels can be arranged in a preferred
communication level sequence. For instance, the communication
levels can be sequenced so a user and a candidate proceed through
the communication levels so they are able to exchange increasingly
personal information. Once the matching service has settled on a
particular sequence, the matching service may require that a user
and a candidate progress through the communication levels in
sequence. However, the matching service can provide the user and a
candidate with the option of choosing when to progress to the next
communication level.
[0078] One embodiment of the matching service 14 allows the user
and candidate to select which communication levels they use to
communicate. As a result, the user and candidate select the level
on which they are most comfortable communicating and can move
forward with forming a relationship by proceeding to a
communication level that allows for the exchange of more personal
information. Alternatively, a user and candidate can back off of a
relationship by proceeding to a communication level that allows for
a less personal exchange of information.
[0079] When the user and the candidate use the communication
service to exchange information they communicate the information to
the matching service 14 which then forwards the information to its
destination. The matching service 14 can perform this exchange by
forwarding an email from one user to another user. The matching
service 14 can replace each users email address with the user's
username before forwarding the e-mail. As a result, the address of
the sender remains confidential and is not available to the
ultimate recipient. Accordingly, information exchanged through the
matching service 14 is confidential. Additionally, the matching
service 14 can hold information that it receives from the user
until it has received a response from the candidate or vice versa.
As a result, one person can not get the information from another
person without making an even exchange.
[0080] The matching service 14 can facilitate an exchange of
closed-ended questions 22 by providing the user and the candidate
with a list of closed-ended questions 22. An example of a
closed-ended question includes the following.
If you were taken by your date to a party where you knew no one,
how would you respond?
[0081] a) Stay close to my date, letting he/she introduce me.
[0082] b) Find a spot at the back bar and relax alone.
[0083] c) Strike out on my own and make friends.
[0084] d) Ask if I could skip the event.
The user's answers are provided to the candidate and the
candidate's answers are provided to the user.
[0085] The matching service 14 can facilitate an exchange of lists
by providing both the user and the candidate with the same or
similar lists. The user and candidate can be directed to select
whatever they want from the list or to select a pre-determined
number of items from the list. For instance, the user and the
candidate can be directed to select 10 items from the following
list. The lists can be directed toward particular subjects
including, but not limited to, relationship issues, religious
issues, entertainment items, money and food. In one embodiment, the
user and/or the candidate can select the subject matter for the
list In another embodiment, the user and the candidate must agree
on the subject matter of the lists.
[0086] Examples of lists include, but are not limited to, a list of
"must haves" and/or a list of "can't stands." Examples of must
haves directed toward relationship issues include the
following.
[0087] I must feel deeply in love and attracted my partner.
[0088] I must have someone who is good at talking and
listening.
[0089] I must have someone who is sharp and will keep me on my
toes.
Examples of can't stands directed toward relationship issues
include the following.
[0090] I can't stand someone who is belittling or hateful to
people.
[0091] I can't stand someone who has a chip on their shoulder.
[0092] I can't stand someone who sees material items as a matter of
satisfaction.
The user's selections from the list are provided to the candidate
and the candidate's selections from the list are provided to the
user. Only the items selected from the list can be provided to the
other party or the entire list with the selected items marked can
be provided to the other party.
[0093] The matching service 14 can facilitate an exchange of one or
more open-ended questions 22 by providing both the user and the
candidate with the same or similar open inquiries 22. The
open-ended questions 22 can be directed toward particular subjects
including, but not limited to, relationship issues, religious
issues, entertainment items, money and food. In one embodiment, the
user and/or the candidate can select the subject matter for the
open-ended questions 22. In another embodiment, the user and the
candidate must agree on the subject matter of the open-ended
questions 22.
[0094] Examples of open-ended questions 22 directed toward
relationship issues include the following.
[0095] Besides love, what one trait have you noticed in couples
that have maintained a successful relationship for many years?
[0096] Looking back on your life of what are you most proud?
The user's answers are provided to the candidate and the
candidate's answers are provided to the user.
[0097] In another communication level, the matching service 14
facilitates an exchange of inquiries 22 written by the user and/or
by the candidate. As described above, the inquiries 22 are forded
between the parties through the matching service 14. Accordingly,
the matching service 14 can retain confidentiality by removing
personal information from an e-mail. For instance, the matching
service 14 can replace an e-mail address with a persons user name.
Although these inquiries 22 are written by the user and/or the
candidate, the matching service 14 can provide lists of examples
for guidance. For instance, the matching service 14 can provide a
list of inquiries 22 including the following inquiries 22.
[0098] What person in your life has been most inspirational and
why?
[0099] Tell me about your closest fiend. How long have you known
them; and what do like best about them?
The user's answers are provided to the candidate and the
candidate's answers are provided to the user.
[0100] Because this communication level allows communication
between the user and the candidate with the matching service 14
serving as an intermediary that preserves confidentiality, the user
and the candidate can use this communication stage to communicate
as would be done in direct e-mail communications. Hence, a user and
candidate in this communication stage need not stay exchanging
inquiries 22. For instance, the user and the candidate can exchange
their e-mail addresses, phone numbers and/or set up a time to meet
elsewhere.
[0101] In another communication level, the matching service 14
facilitates open communication between the user and/or by the
candidate. For instance, the user can request that the matching
service 14 make his/her contact information available to the
candidate and/or the candidate can request that the matching
service 14 make his/her contact information available to the user.
Suitable contact information includes, but is not limited to,
e-mail addresses, phone numbers and street addresses.
[0102] FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a method of operating a
matching system 10. The method begins at start block 200. At
process block 202, the matching service 14 prepares empirical data.
An example of a method for preparing the empirical data is
illustrated in FIG. 12. At process block 204, the matching service
14 uses the prepared empirical data to match a user of the matching
service 14 with one or more candidates selected from a pool of
candidates. An example of a method for matching the user with one
or more candidates is illustrated in FIG. 13. At process block 206,
the matching service 14 provides communication between the user and
the one or more selected candidates. FIG. 16 provides an example of
a method of providing communication between the user and the one or
more selected candidates. The method terminates at end block
208.
[0103] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a method of preparing
empirical data for matching a user with a candidate. The empirical
data can be prepared before each user is to be matched with a
candidate. Alternatively, the empirical data can be prepared
periodically. For instance, the prepared empirical data can be used
to match several users of the matching service 14 with candidates
and then the empirical data can be prepared again.
[0104] The method of preparing the empirical data begins at start
block 210. The method can be started in response to a user using a
remote unit 16 to access the matching service 14, completing a
survey 20 and requesting a list of potential matches.
Alternatively, the method can be started in response to particular
criteria such as passage of a particular amount of time or a
particular number of users having been matched. At process block
212 the empirical database 24 is updated. This database can be
updated to include information from a completed survey 20 submitted
by a user who is requesting a list of potential matches. Updating
the database can also include removal of information from the
database. For instance, outdated information can be extracted.
Additionally, information can be extracted in order or to convert
the database from use of a DAS to an individual satisfaction index
which is the result of matches resulting from the matching service
14. Other databases can be updated at this stage. For instance,
data for generating an individual satisfaction index for each
member of a couple that was matched by the matching service can be
incorporated into the databases. The resulting individual
satisfaction index can be listed in the factor value database.
[0105] At process block 214, the updated empirical database 24 is
used to generate an individual satisfaction estimator. At process
block 216, the updated empirical database 24 is used to generate a
couple satisfaction estimator. The method terminates at end block
218.
[0106] FIG. 12 illustrates a method of matching a user of the
system 10 with one or more candidates. The method starts at start
block 220 when a user completes a survey 20 and requests a list of
potentially matching candidates. At process block 222 the completed
survey 20 is received from the user. The user preferably employs a
remote unit 16 to transmit the survey 20 to the matching service 14
although the survey 20 can be mailed or completed in person at the
matching service 14.
[0107] At process block 224, the satisfaction that the user has in
relationships that the user forms with others is approximated. This
approximation can be made by determining an approximate individual
satisfaction index for the user. One method for determining the
approximate individual satisfaction index includes identifying the
match group to which the user belongs. The individual satisfaction
estimator associated with the identified match group is then
identified. The user's answers to at least a portion of the
inquiries 22 on the survey 20 are compared to the identified
individual satisfaction estimator. In one embodiment, comparing the
user's answers to the identified individual satisfaction estimator
includes calculating the value of the selected factors from the
answers that the user provided and then comparing the calculated
factors to the individual satisfaction estimator. At process block
226, the approximate individual satisfaction index is used to
classify the user.
[0108] At process block 228, the candidates that fall within the
classification of the user are identified. At process block 230,
the satisfaction that the user would have in a relationship with
each of the identified candidates is approximated. This
approximation can made by determining an approximate couple
satisfaction index for the user and a candidate. One method for
determining the approximate couple satisfaction index includes
comparing at least a portion of the answers provided by the user
and the candidate to the couple satisfaction estimator. In one
embodiment, comparing the answers provided by the user and the
candidate to the couple satisfaction estimator includes calculating
the selected differential factors from the answers provided by the
user and a candidate and comparing the selected differential
factors to the couple satisfaction estimator.
[0109] At process block 232, the approximated satisfaction that the
user would have in a relationship with each of the identified
candidates are used to select the candidates for a potential match
with the user. As described above, selecting the candidates can
also include approximating the satisfaction that each candidate
would have in a relationship with the user. The method then
terminates at end block 234.
[0110] FIG. 13 illustrates a method of providing communication
between the user and a candidate. As described above, one
embodiment of the invention includes allowing the user and a
candidate to select the communication level on which they will
communicate while another embodiment of the invention requires the
user and a candidate to progress through a sequence of
communication levels. FIG. 13 illustrates providing communication
between the user and a candidate when the matching service requires
that the user and candidate proceed through a sequence of
communication levels.
[0111] The method starts at start block 250. The user is notified
of the selected candidates at process block 252. The preliminary
information for each of the selected candidates is provided to the
user are process block 254. At determination block 256, a
determination is made whether the user wishes to communicate with
any of the selected candidates. When the determination is positive,
determination block 258 is accessed. At determination block 258, a
determination is made whether the candidate is interested in
communicating with the user. This determination can be made by
providing a candidate with the user's preliminary information. The
candidate can respond to the matching service 14 by indicating
whether he/she would like to communicate with the user.
[0112] When it is determined that the candidate would like to
communicate with the user at determination block 258, process block
262 is accessed. At process block 262, communication is provided
between the user and a candidate at the first communication level
of the sequence. As described above, providing communication can
include forwarding communication from one party to another and/or
forwarding questions, lists, data or other information from the
matching service 14 to the user and/or the candidate.
[0113] At determination block 264, a determination is made whether
the user and/or the candidate would like to proceed to another
communication level. The matching service 14 can make this
determination by transmitting a communication to one or both
parties asking whether they would like to try a new communication
level. One or both of the parties can be presented with this option
after proceeding to a certain point in the current communication
level. Alternatively, a communication being forwarded from one
party to another can be modified to include the option of
indicating a new communication level or the option can simply
accompany the communication from one party to the other. When
neither party indicates that they would like to communicate at the
next communication level, the determination is negative and the
method returns to process block 262.
[0114] When one or both parties indicate that they would like to
try the next communication level, the determination at
determination block 264 is positive and the method proceeds to
process block 266. At process block 266, communication is provided
between the user and a candidate at the next communication level of
the sequence. At determination block 270 a determination is made
whether the user and/or the candidate would like to proceed to
another communication level. The matching service 14 can make this
determination as described with respect to decision block 264. When
the determination is positive, the method returns to process block
268. When the determination is negative, the method proceeds to
process block 272 where the matching service continues to provide
communication at the current communication level.
[0115] When the determination at determination block 256 or
determination block 258 are negative, the method terminates at end
block 268. Additionally, either party can indicate to the matching
service 14 that they wish to terminate the communication at any
time. When a party indicates that they wish to terminate the
communication, the method ends at end block 270.
[0116] The methods described above with respect to the data
preparation stage and/or the matching stage can be used to train a
neural network. The neural network can be trained to receive data
from a user's survey and to output a list of potentially matching
candidates for that user. A suitable neural network includes, but
is not limited to, a principal component analysis (PCA) neural
network that includes a mixture of unsupervised and supervised. The
unsupervised segment of the network can perform the factor
analysis. A PCA neural network converges very rapidly and there are
usually fewer factors extracted than there are inputs, so the
unsupervised segment provides a means of data reduction.
[0117] A simplified example of a supervised backpropogated neural
network is illustrated in FIG. 14. The supervised backpropogated
neural network includes a plurality of input units 300 that are
each in communication with a hidden unit 302. Each hidden unit 302
is in communication with an output unit 304. Although a single
layer of hidden units 302 is illustrated, the backpropogated neural
network can include more than one layer of hidden units 302. The
supervised backpropogated neural network can be trained to randomly
determine parameter values and carry out input-to-output
transformations for identifying matching candidates for a user.
[0118] The PCA data is applied to train the backpropagated neural
network. In the supervised segment, the network performs the
(linear or nonlinear) classification of the factors using a back
propogation architecture that can randomly determine parameter
values and carry out input-to-output transformations for actual
problems. The correct final parameters are obtained by properly
modifying the parameters in accordance with the errors that the
network identifies in the process. The use of back propogation can
include a delta rule network in which the one or more layers of
hidden units 302 are added. The network topology can be constrained
to be feed forward. For instance, the connections can be allowed
from the input layer to the first hidden layer and from the first
hidden layer to any subsequent hidden layers and then to the output
layer. Multiple hidden layers can learn to recode the inputs to
achieve the best estimation of output units 304.
[0119] The neural network can also include a Kohonen neural network
so it can adapt in response to the inputs. The use of a Kohonen
neural network allows for self-organizational mapping and
competitive learning. In self-organizational mapping, the Kohonen
neural network allows for the projection of multidimensional points
onto two dimensional networks. In competitive learning, the Kohonen
neural network finds a pattern of relationships that is most
similar to the input pattern. This results in a Kohonen clustering
algorithm that takes a high dimensional input and clusters it but
retains some topological ordering of the output. This clustering
and dimensionality reduction is very useful as a further processing
stage in which further neural networking data processing can be
accomplished and the identification of match candidates
optimized.
[0120] Although the above description is largely directed toward
matching people in couples, the methods can be easily adapted to
include relationships with more than two people. Additionally, the
methods can be adapted to match people for purposes other than
romantic relationships. For instance, people who would be suitable
for a business relationship can also be identified. Further, the
methods need not be limited to people. For instance, the methods
can be adapted for the matching of business establishments.
[0121] Other embodiments, combinations and modifications of this
invention will occur readily to those of ordinary skill in the art
in view of these teachings. Therefore, this invention is to be
limited only by the following claims, which include all such
embodiments and modifications when viewed in conjunction with the
above specification and accompanying drawings.
* * * * *