U.S. patent application number 14/102867 was filed with the patent office on 2014-06-26 for post-treated molybdenum imide additive composition, methods of making same and lubricating oil compositions containing same..
This patent application is currently assigned to Chevron Oronite Company LLC.. The applicant listed for this patent is Gaurav Bhalla, Kenneth Dale Nelson, William Raymond Ruhe, JR., Man Hon Tsang. Invention is credited to Gaurav Bhalla, Kenneth Dale Nelson, William Raymond Ruhe, JR., Man Hon Tsang.
Application Number | 20140179573 14/102867 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 50975294 |
Filed Date | 2014-06-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140179573 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Tsang; Man Hon ; et
al. |
June 26, 2014 |
POST-TREATED MOLYBDENUM IMIDE ADDITIVE COMPOSITION, METHODS OF
MAKING SAME AND LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAME.
Abstract
The invention is directed to an embodiment of the present
invention is directed to an oil soluble additive composition
prepared by a process comprising: reacting, (a) a molybdenum
component; (b) an imide derived from the reaction product of a
hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component and a polyamine wherein
said reaction product is prepared by first charging a polyamine to
a reaction vessel and then charging a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid
component to the reaction vessel, wherein the charge mole ratio of
the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component to the polyamine is
from about 1:1 to about 1:0.5; and (c) a post-treating agent,
thereby producing a post-treated moblydated succinimide additive
composition.
Inventors: |
Tsang; Man Hon; (Richmond,
CA) ; Bhalla; Gaurav; (Hercules, CA) ; Nelson;
Kenneth Dale; (Napa, CA) ; Ruhe, JR.; William
Raymond; (Benicia, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Tsang; Man Hon
Bhalla; Gaurav
Nelson; Kenneth Dale
Ruhe, JR.; William Raymond |
Richmond
Hercules
Napa
Benicia |
CA
CA
CA
CA |
US
US
US
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Chevron Oronite Company
LLC.
|
Family ID: |
50975294 |
Appl. No.: |
14/102867 |
Filed: |
December 11, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61740668 |
Dec 21, 2012 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/287 ;
548/402 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2010/12 20130101;
C10N 2030/70 20200501; C10N 2060/06 20130101; C10M 2215/08
20130101; C10N 2030/06 20130101; C10N 2070/02 20200501; C10M
2215/28 20130101; C10N 2030/54 20200501; C10M 159/18 20130101; C10N
2040/25 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/287 ;
548/402 |
International
Class: |
C10M 133/44 20060101
C10M133/44 |
Claims
1. An oil soluble additive composition prepared by a process
comprising: reacting, (a) a molybdenum component; (b) an imide
derived from the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic
acid component and a polyamine wherein said reaction product is
prepared by first charging a polyamine to a reaction vessel and
then charging a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component to the
reaction vessel, wherein the charge mole ratio of the hydrocarbyl
dicarboxylic acid component to the polyamine is from about 1:1 to
about 1:0.5; and (c) a post-treating agent, thereby producing a
post-treated moblydated succinimide additive composition.
2. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 1, wherein the
molybdenum component is selected from the group consisting of
molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium
molybdate, metal molybdates, MoOCl.sub.4, MoO.sub.2Br.sub.2,
Mo.sub.2O.sub.3C.sub.16, molybdenum trioxide, and mixtures
thereof.
3. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 2, wherein the
molybdenum component is a molybdenum trioxide.
4. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 1, the hydrocarbyl
dicarboxylic acid component is a dicarboxylic acid, salt of a
dicarboxylic acid, anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid, ester of a
dicarboxylic acid ester, or mixtures thereof.
5. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 1, wherein the
charge mole ratio of the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component to
the polyamine component is from about 1:1 to about 1:0.7.
6. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 4, wherein the
wherein the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component is an alkyl or
alkenyl succinic anhydride.
7. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 5, wherein the
charge mole ratio of the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component to
the polyamine is from about 1:1 to about 1:0.9.
8. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 1, wherein the
polyamine is a polyalkylenepolyamine of the general formula
H.sub.2N(--R--NH).sub.n--H and wherein R is an alkylene group of
2-3 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from 1 to 11.
9. The oil soluble composition of claim 8, wherein the polyamine is
tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), diethylenetriamine (DETA),
ethylenediamine (EDA), or mixtures thereof.
10. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 1 wherein the
post-treating agent is a cyclic carbonate.
11. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 10 wherein the
cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate or glycerine carbonate.
12. A lubricating oil composition comprising: a. an oil of
lubricating viscosity; and b. the reaction product of i. a
molybdenum component; ii. an imide derived from the reaction
product of a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component and a
polyamine component wherein said imide comprises the reaction
product prepared by first charging a polyamine to a reaction vessel
and then charging a dicarboxylic acid component to the reaction
vessel, wherein the charge mole ratio of the hydrocarbyl
dicarboxylic acid component to the polyamine component is from
about 1:1 to about 1:0.5; and iii. a post-treating agent, thereby
producing a post-treated moblydated succinimide additive
composition.
13. The lubricating oil composition of claim 12, wherein the charge
mole ratio of the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component to the
polyamine component is from 1:1 to about 1:0.7.
14. The lubricating oil composition of claim 12, wherein the
molybdenum content of the lubricating oil composition is between
about 50 ppm and 5000 ppm.
15. The lubricating oil composition of claim 12, wherein the oil
soluble additive composition content is between 0.05 to 15% by
weight.
16. The lubricating oil composition of claim 12, wherein the charge
mole ratio of the hydrocarbyl dicarboxlic acid component to the
polyamine component is from about 1:1 to 1:0.9.
17. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 12, wherein the
post-treating agent is a cyclic carbonate.
18. The lubricating oil composition of claim 17, wherein the cyclic
carbonate is ethylene carbonate or glycerine carbonate.
19. A process for preparing an oil soluble additive composition
which comprises reacting: (a) a molybdenum component; (b) an imide
derived from the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl dicarboyxlic
acid component and a polyamine wherein said reaction product is
prepared by first charging a polyamine to a reaction vessel and
then charging a dicarboxylic acid component to the reaction vessel,
wherein the charge mole ratio of the dicarboxylic acid component to
the polyamine component is from about 1:1 to about 1:0.5; and (c) a
post-treating agent, thereby producing a post-treated moblydated
succinimide additive composition.
20. The process of claim 19, wherein the charge mole ratio of the
hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component to the polyamine component
is from about 1:1 to about 1:0.7.
21. The process of claim 19, wherein the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic
acid component is a dicarboxylic acid, salt of a dicarboxylic acid,
anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid, ester of a dicarboxylic acid
ester, or mixtures thereof.
22. The process of claim 21, wherein the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic
acid component is an alkyl or alkenyl succinic anydride.
23. The process of claim 19, wherein said reaction of said
molybdenum component and said imide is in the presence of a polar
promoter.
24. The process of claim 23, wherein the polar promoter is selected
from the group consisting of 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol,
diethylene glycol, butyl cellosolve, propylene glycol,
1,4-butyleneglycol, methyl carbitol, ethanolamine, ammonium
hydroxide, alkyl ammonium hydroxide, metal hydroxide,
N-methyl-diethanol-amine, dimethyl formamide, N-methyl acetamide,
dimethyl acetamide, methanol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide,
hexamethyl phosphoramide, tetrahydrofuran, water, inorganic acid,
and mixtures thereof.
25. The process of claim 24, wherein the polar promoter is
water.
26. The process of claim 19, wherein the molybdenum component is
selected from the group consisting of molybdic acid, ammonium
molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, metal molybdates,
MoOCl.sub.4, MoO.sub.2Br.sub.2, Mo.sub.2O.sub.3C.sub.16, molybdenum
trioxide, and mixtures thereof.
27. The process of claim 26, wherein the molybdenum component is
molybdenum trioxide.
28. The process of claim 19, wherein the polyamine component
comprises a polyalkylenepolyamine represented by the general
formula H.sub.2N(--R--NH).sub.n--H and wherein R is an alkylene
group of 2-3 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from 1 to 11.
29. The process of claim 28, wherein the polyamine component is
tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), diethylenetriamine (DETA),
ethylenediamine (EDA), or mixtures thereof.
30. The oil soluble additive composition of claim 19, wherein the
post-treating agent is a cyclic carbonate.
31. The process of claim 19, wherein the cyclic carbonate is
ethylene carbonate or glycerine carbonate.
Description
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/740,668 which was filed on Dec. 21, 2012.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to new lubricating oil additives and
lubricating oil compositions. More specifically, it relates to new
lubricating oil compositions containing a friction reducing
component comprising the post-treated salt of a molybdenum oxide,
sulfide, or oxysulfide and an alkenyl succinimide.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Molybdenum disulfide has long been known as a desirable
additive for use in lubricating oil compositions. Molybdenum
disulfide is ordinarily finely ground and then dispersed in the
lubricating oil composition to impart friction modifying and
antiwear properties. However, one of the major detriments to using
finely ground molybdenum disulfide is its lack of solubility.
[0004] As an alternative to using finely ground molybdenum
disulfide as a friction modifier, a number of other approaches
involving various salts of molybdenum compounds have been employed.
Molybdenum dithiocarbamates (MoDTC) and molybdenum dithiophosphates
(MoDTP) are well known in the art to impart friction modifying
properties. Representative compositions of MoDTC are described in
Larson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,419,589, which teaches molybdenum
(VI) dioxide dialkyldithiocarbamates; Farmer et al., U.S. Pat. No.
3,509,051, which teaches sulfurized oxymolybdenum dithiocarbamates;
and Sakurai et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,098,705, which teaches sulfur
containing molybdenum dihydrocarbyl dithiocarbamate
compositions.
[0005] Representative compounds of MoDTP are the compositions
described in Rowan et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,494,866, such as
oxymolybdenum diisopropylphosphorodithioate.
[0006] Another method of incorporating molybdenum compounds in oil
is to prepare a colloidal complex of molybdenum disulfide or
oxysulfides dispersed using known dispersants. Known dispersants
include basic nitrogen containing compounds including succinimides,
carboxylic acid amides, phosphonoamides, thiophosphonoamides,
Mannich bases, and hydrocarbonpolyamines.
[0007] King et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,263,152; King et al., U.S. Pat.
No. 4,261,843; and King et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,195 teach
molybdenum compounds used as anti-oxidant and anti-wear additives
comprising an acidic molybdenum compound and a basic nitrogen
compound which acts as a dispersant.
[0008] DeVries et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,194 discloses a sulfur
containing additive comprising the reaction product of ammonium
tetrathiomolybdate and a basic nitrogen compound for use as an
anti-oxidant, anti-wear agent, and friction modifier.
[0009] Udding et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,468,891 describes
antifriction additives for lubricating oils comprising a
molybdenum-containing complex prepared by reacting an alkaline
earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid, an amine and a source of
cationic molybdenum, wherein the ratio of the number of equivalents
of acid groups to the number of moles of molybdenum (eq:mol) is in
the range from 1:10 to 10:1, and the ratio of the number of
equivalents of acid groups to the number of moles of amine (eq:mol)
is in the range from 20:1 to 1:10.
[0010] Ruhe, Jr. et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,962,896 describes
antioxidant additives for lubricating oils comprising low color
molybdenum compounds and polyamide dispersants including molybdenum
oxysulfide polyamides.
[0011] Gatto et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,174,842 discloses a
lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil, an
oil-soluble molybdenum compound substantially free of reactive
sulfur, an oil-soluble diarylamine and a calcium phenate as an
anti-wear and anti-oxidant additive.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] An embodiment of the present invention is directed to an oil
soluble additive composition prepared by a process comprising:
reacting, (a) a molybdenum component; (b) an imide derived from the
reaction product of a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component and a
polyamine wherein said reaction product is prepared by first
charging a polyamine to a reaction vessel and then charging a
hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component to the reaction vessel,
wherein the charge mole ratio of the the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic
acid component to the polyamine is from about 1:1 to about 1:0.5;
and (c) a post-treating agent, thereby producing a post-treated
moblydated succinimide additive composition.
[0013] An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a
lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) an oil of lubricating
viscosity; and (b) the reaction product of (i) a molybdenum
component; (ii) an imide derived from the reaction product of a
hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component and a polyamine component
wherein said imide comprises the reaction product prepared by first
charging a polyamine to a reaction vessel and then charging a
dicarboxylic acid component to the reaction vessel, wherein the
charge mole ratio of the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component to
the polyamine component is from about 1:1 to about 1:0.5; and (iii)
a post-treating agent, thereby producing a post-treated moblydated
succinimide additive composition.
[0014] An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a
process for preparing an oil soluble additive composition which
comprises reacting: (a) a molybdenum component; (b) an imide
derived from the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl dicarboyxlic
acid component and a polyamine wherein said reaction product is
prepared by first charging a polyamine to a reaction vessel and
then charging a dicarboxylic acid component to the reaction vessel,
wherein the charge mole ratio of the dicarboxylic acid component to
the polyamine component is from about 1:1 to about 1:0.5; and (c) a
post-treating agent, thereby producing a post-treated moblydated
succinimide additive composition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof and are herein
described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the
description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit
the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the
contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents,
and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the
invention as defined by the appended claims.
DEFINITIONS
[0016] The following terms will be used throughout the
specification and will have the following meanings unless otherwise
indicated.
[0017] The term "amide" or "polyamide" refers to the reaction
product of a carboxylic acid, carboxylate, anhydride of a
carboxylic acid, or ester of a carboxylic acid and a polyamine.
[0018] The term "carrier fluid" refers to a liquid that readily
solubilizes an oil soluble additive, thereby providing an additive
concentrate that is readily soluble in lubricant base oil
stocks.
[0019] The term "dicarboxylic acid component" refers to
dicarboxylic acids, salts of dicarboyxlic acid, anhydrides of
dicarboxylic acids, and the esters of dicarboxylic acids.
[0020] The term "fatty acid" refers to a carboxylic acid component
derived from or contained in an animal or vegetable fat or oil
comprising an alkyl chain of from 4 to 22 carbon atoms with a
terminal carboxyl group.
[0021] The term "imide" or "polyimide" refers to the reaction
product of a dicarboxylic acid, carboxylate, anhydride of a
dicarboxylic acid, or ester of a dicarboxylic acid and a
polyamine.
[0022] The terms "molybdenum oxide," "molybdenum sulfide," and
"molybdenum oxysulfide" refer to compounds of the general formula
MoO.sub.xS.sub.y wherein x.gtoreq.0, y.gtoreq.0, and
12.gtoreq.(x+y).gtoreq.2.
[0023] The term "polyamines" refers to organic compounds containing
more than one basic nitrogen. The organic portion of the compound
may contain aliphatic, cyclic, or aromatic carbon atoms.
[0024] The term "polyalkyleneamines" or "polyalkylenepolyamines"
refers to compounds represented by the general formula
H.sub.2N(--R--NH).sub.n--H
wherein R is an alkylene group of preferably 2-3 carbon atoms and n
is an integer of from about 1 to 11. Branching may occur on the
internal nitrogen atom(s). Also, the structure may contain cyclic
nitrogen-containing structures. The cyclic structures typically
occur between the nitrogen atoms of consecutive repeating units.
The following are examples of such structures:
##STR00001##
[0025] The term "polar promoter" refers to compounds that
facilitate the reaction between non-polar organic compounds and
polar or insoluble organic or inorganic reactants.
[0026] The present invention is directed to an oil soluble
lubricating oil additive. The additive is prepared by reacting a
molybdenum component and an imide component thereby producing a
molybdated imide which is reacted with a post-treating agent. It
has been further discovered that controlling the addition sequence
of reactants results in an improved product that has a higher TBN
and molybdenum content.
Molybdenum Component
[0027] The molybdenum component used to prepare the oil soluble
additive composition of the present invention is a molybdenum
containing compound which is a molybdenum oxide, sulfide, or
oxysulfide having the general formula of MoO.sub.xS.sub.y wherein
x.gtoreq.0, y.gtoreq.0 and 12.gtoreq.(x+y).gtoreq.2. The molybdenum
component useful in the preparation of the oil-soluble additive
composition of the invention may be derived from molybdenum
compounds including, but not limited to, molybdenum hexacarbonyl,
molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium
molybdate, other alkali metal molybdates, alkaline earth metal
molybdates, MoOCl.sub.4, MoO.sub.2Br.sub.2, and
Mo.sub.2O.sub.3Cl.sub.6. Other molybdenum components include
molybdenum trioxide, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, and molybdenum
disulfide. Preferred molybdenum components are molybdenum trioxide
and those components derived from molybdic acid and ammonium
molybdate. A more preferred molybdenum component is molybdenum
trioxide.
Imide Component
[0028] Amides and imides used in the preparation of the oil soluble
additive composition of the present invention are the reaction
product of a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component and a
polyamine component. The hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component is
the reaction product of a dicarboxylic acid component and a
hydrocarbyl component.
[0029] The dicarboxylic acid components are substituted (i.e.,
hydrocarbyl) acylating agents, preferably dicarboxylic acids or
anhydrides of the dicarboxylic acid components, more preferably
anhydrides of succinic acid components.
[0030] The hydrocarbyl component may have a molecular weight of up
to 5000 daltons. Preferably, the molecular weight of the
hydrocarbyl component is from about 110 to about 5000. More
preferred, the molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl component is
from about 110 to 2300. Most preferred, the molecular weight of the
hydrocarbyl component is from about 110 to about 1300. In one
embodiment, the molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl component is
from about 180 to about 5000. More preferred, the molecular weight
of the hydrocarbyl component is from about 200 to about 5000. The
hydrocarbyl component generally contains an average number of
carbon atoms from about 8 to about 400, preferably from about 12 to
about 93, more preferably from about 16 to about 72.
[0031] Preferably, the hydrocarbyl component is an alkyl group or
an alkenyl group. The alkenyl group may be derived from one or more
of the olefins.
[0032] Examples of the olefins are derived from polymers of
ethylene, propylene, butylene and iso-butylene include butene,
isobutene, 1-octene, octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene,
1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene,
1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene,
1-henicosene, 1-docosene, 1-tetracosene, etc. Commercially
available alpha-olefin fractions that can be used include the
C.sub.15-18 alpha-olefins, C.sub.12-16 alpha-olefins, C.sub.14-16
alpha-olefins, C.sub.14-18 alpha-olefins, C.sub.16-18
alpha-olefins, C.sub.16-20 alpha-olefins, C.sub.22-28
alpha-olefins, etc. The C.sub.16 and C.sub.16-18 alpha-olefins and
polyisobutene are particularly preferred.
[0033] The succinic acylating agents are prepared by reacting the
above-described olefins or isomerized olefins with unsaturated
dicarboxylic acids such as fumaric acids or maleic acid or
anhydrides of the dicarboxylic acids at a temperature of about
160.degree. C. to about 240.degree. C., preferably about
185.degree. C. to about 210.degree. C. Free radical inhibitors
(e.g., t-butyl catechol) may be used to reduce or prevent the
formation of polymeric byproducts. The procedures for preparing the
acylating agents are well known to those skilled in the art and
have been described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 3,412,111; and Ben
et al, "The Ene Reaction of Maleic Anhydride With Alkenes", J. C.
S. Perkin II (1977), pages 535-537. These references are
incorporated by reference for their disclosure of procedures for
making the above acylating agents.
[0034] The hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agents are
available commercially and may be purchased from Dixie Chemical
Company, Inc., Pasadena, Tex. or from Chevron Oronite Company LLC,
Houston, Tex.
[0035] In the reaction of the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid
component and the amine component to form an imide, the charge mole
ratio of the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component to amine
component is about 1:1 to 1:0.5. Preferably from about 1:1 to
1:0.7. More preferred about 1:0.9.
[0036] In one embodiment, the imide is derived from 1) an aliphatic
dicarboxylic acid component having from about 8 and 400 carbons and
2) a polyamine component having from about 2 and 10 nitrogen atoms.
In a preferred embodiment the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid component
is a hydrocarbyl, such as hexadecenyl, succinic anhydride and the
polyamine component is selected from the group consisting of
tetraethylenepentamine, diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine, and
mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment the hydrocarbyl
dicarboxylic acid component is polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride
(PIBSA) and the polyamine component is selected from the group
consisting of tetraethylenepentamine, diethylenetriamine,
ethylenediamine and mixtures thereof.
[0037] The hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid component and polyamine
component described herein below can be reacted to form imides
prior to or during reaction with the molybdenum component. Imide
compositions useful in the invention include those disclosed in
U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,076,275; 6,962,896; 6,156,850 and 5,821,205 and
the like, the disclosures of which is hereby incorporated by
reference. These compositions are ordinarily prepared by reacting a
dicarboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid salt, dicarboxylic acid
anhydride, or dicarboxylic acid ester having at least 8 to about
400 carbon atoms and, if desired, having pendant aliphatic groups
to render the molecule oil soluble, with a polyamine, such as an
ethylene diamine, to give an imide. Preferred are those imides
prepared from (1) an aliphatic dicarboxylic anhydride, such as
succninc anhydride and (2) an ethylene polyamine, such as
tetraethylenepentamine, diethylenetriamine, ethylene diamine or
mixtures thereof. Preferably, the imides useful in this invention
will have at least two basic nitrogens.
Polyamine Component
[0038] The polyamine component used in the preparation of the oil
soluble additive composition of the present invention includes
aromatic, cyclic, and aliphatic (linear and branched) polyamines
and mixtures thereof. Examples of aromatic polyamines include, but
are not limited to, phenylenediamine, 2,2'-diaminodiphenylmethane,
2,4- and 2,6-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diamino-p-xylene, multi-nuclear
and condensed aromatic polyamines such as naphthylene-1,4-diamine,
benzidine, 2,2'-dichloro-4,4'-diphenyl diamine and
4,4'-diaminoazobenzene. In another embodiment the polyamine
component comprises polyamines of from about 5 to 32 ring members
and having from about 2 to 8 amine nitrogen atoms. Such polyamine
compounds include such compounds as N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine,
3-aminopyrrolidine, N-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine, and the like.
[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the polyamine component used in
the preparation of this invention are polyalkylenepolyamines and
can be represented by the general formula
H.sub.2N(--R--NH).sub.n--H
wherein R is an alkylene group of preferably 2-3 carbon atoms and n
is an integer of from 1 to 11.
[0040] Specific examples of polyalkylenepolyamines include, but are
not limited to, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine,
tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine,
hexaethyleneheptamine, heptaethyleneoctamine, octaethylenenonamine,
nonaethylenedecamine, decaethyleneundecamine,
undecaethylenedodecamine, dipropylenetriamine,
tripropylenetetramine, tetrapropylenepentamine,
pentapropylenehexamine, hexapropyleneheptamine,
heptapropyleneoctamine, octapropylenenonamine,
nonapropylenedecamine, decapropyleneundecamine,
undecapropylenedodecamine, di(trimethylene)triamine,
tri(trimethylene)tetramine, tetra(trimethylene)pentamine,
penta(triethylene)hexamine, hexa(trimethylene)heptamine,
hepta(trimethylene)octamine, octa(trimethylene)nonamine,
nona(trimethylene)decamine, deca(trimethylene)undecamine and
undeca(trimethylene)dodecamine
Post-Treating Agent
[0041] In one embodiment, a post-treating agent is employed to
post-treat the product of the reaction of the molybdenum component
and the hydrocarbyl succinimide. Typical post-treating agents are
cyclic carbonates and epoxides. Examples of post-treating agents
are disclosed in Wollenberg et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,132,
Wollenberg et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,746,446; Wollenberg et al., U.S.
Pat. No. 4,713,188 and the like as well as other post-treatment
processes each of which are incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety. Examples of other post-treating agents are disclosed in
LeSeur et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,373,111 and Efner, U.S. Pat. No.
4,737,160 and the like as well other post-treatment processes each
of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In
one embodiment, the post-treating agent may be ethylene carbonate
or glycerine carbonate.
Method for Making the Oil Soluble Composition of the Present
Invention
[0042] In an embodiment of the presently claimed invention, the
preparation of this invention may be carried out by reacting a
dicarboxylic acid component, such as alkenyl succinic anhydride,
with a polyamine component under reaction conditions thereby
producing a reaction product that includes an imide component, such
as succinimide. The imide reaction product may also contain amide
components. The polyamine component is first charged to a reaction
vessel. After the polyamine has been charged, a dicarboxylic acid
component, such as alkenyl succinic anhydride, is charged to the
reaction vessel. A post-treating agent is then added to the
reaction mixture under reaction conditions thereby resulting in a
post-treated imide reaction product. The post-treated imide
reaction product is then reacted with a source of molybdenum,
optionally employing a polar promoter, thereby resulting in a
molybdated post-treated imide product.
[0043] In one embodiment, a polyamine component is charged to a
reaction vessel. After the polyamine has been charged, a
dicarboxylic acid component, such as alkenyl succinic anhydride, is
charged to the reaction vessel under reaction conditions thereby
producing a reaction product that includes an imide component, such
as succinimide. The imide reaction product may also contain amide
components. A source of molybdenum is reacted with the imide
product, optionally employing a polar promoter, to form a
molybdated imide product. Following removal of any polar promoter,
the molybdated imide product is then reacted with a post-treating
agent thereby resulting in a molybdated post-treated imide
product.
[0044] The reaction is ordinarily carried out at atmospheric
pressure; however, higher or lower pressures may be used, if
desired, using methods that are well-known to those skilled in the
art. A diluent may be used to enable the reaction mixture to be
efficiently stirred. Typical diluents are lubricating oil and
liquid compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. If the
mixture is sufficiently fluid to permit satisfactory mixing, no
diluent is necessary. A diluent which does not react with the
molybdenum component is desirable.
[0045] As mentioned hereinabove, optionally, a polar promoter may
be employed in the preparation of the present invention. The polar
promoter facilitates the interaction between the molybdenum
component and the basic nitrogen of the polyamine or amide
component. A wide variety of such promoters may be used. Typical
promoters are 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol,
butyl cellosolve, propylene glycol, 1,4-butyleneglycol, methyl
carbitol, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, N-methyl-diethanol-amine,
dimethyl formamide, N-methyl acetamide, dimethyl acetamide,
ammonium hydroxides, tetra-alkyl ammonium hydroxides, alkali metal
hydroxides, methanol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide,
hexamethyl phosphoramide, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid, inorganic
acids, and water. Preferred are water and ethylene glycol.
Particularly preferred is water.
[0046] While ordinarily the polar promoter is separately added to
the reaction mixture, it may also be present, particularly in the
case of water, as a component of non-anhydrous starting materials
or as waters of hydration in the molybdenum component, such as
(NH.sub.4).sub.6Mo.sub.7O.sub.24.4H.sub.2O. Water may also be added
as ammonium hydroxide.
[0047] A general method for preparing the oil soluble additive
compositions of this invention comprises reacting (1) a molybdenum
component and (2) an imide of a dicarboxylic acid and a polyamine
in which the dicarboxylic acid and polyamine have a charge mole
ratio (CMR) of between about 2:1 to 1:1. Optionally, (3) a polar
promoter or (4) a diluent, to form a salt or (5) both a polar
promoter and a diluent may be added. The diluent is used, if
necessary, to provide a suitable viscosity to facilitate mixing and
handling. Typical diluents are lubricating oil and liquid compounds
containing only carbon and hydrogen. Optionally, ammonium hydroxide
may also be added to the reaction mixture to provide a solution of
ammonium molybdate. The molybdenum component, imide, polar
promoter, if used, and diluent, if used, are charged to a reactor
and heated at a temperature less than or equal to about 200.degree.
C., preferably from about 70.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. The
temperature is maintained at a temperature less than or equal to
about 200.degree. C., preferably at about 70.degree. C. to about
90.degree. C., until the molybdenum component is sufficiently
reacted. The reaction time for this step is typically in the range
of from about 1 to about 30 hours and preferably from about 1 to
about 10 hours.
[0048] Typically excess water and any volatile diluents are removed
from the reaction mixture. Removal methods include, but are not
limited to, vacuum distillation or nitrogen stripping while
maintaining the temperature of the reactor at a temperature less
than or equal to about 200.degree. C., preferably between about
70.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. The removal of water and
volatile diluents is ordinarily carried out under reduced pressure.
The pressure may be reduced incrementally to avoid problems with
foaming After the desired pressure is reached, the stripping step
is typically carried out for a period of about 0.5 to about 5 hours
and preferably from about 0.5 to about 2 hours.
[0049] In the reaction mixture the ratio of molybdenum atoms to
basic nitrogen atoms provided by the imide can range from about
0.01 to 4.0 atoms of molybdenum per basic nitrogen atom. Usually
the reaction mixture is charged from 0.01 to 2.00 atoms of
molybdenum per basic nitrogen atom provided by the amide.
Preferably from 0.4 to 1.0, and most preferably from 0.4 to 0.7,
atoms of molybdenum per atom of basic nitrogen is added to the
reaction mixture.
[0050] The polar promoter, which is preferably water, is ordinarily
present in the ratio of 0.1 to 50 moles of water per mol of
molybdenum. Preferably from 0.5 to 25 and most preferably 1.0 to 15
moles of the promoter is present per mole of molybdenum.
[0051] The charge mole ratio of the dicarboxylic acid component to
polyamine is critical and can range from about 1:1 to 1:0.5. In one
embodiment the charge mole ratio is from about 1:1 to 1:0.7. In
another embodiment the preferred charge mole ratio is about 1:0.9.
The imide formed from the reaction of the hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic
acid component and the polyamine may occur prior to, during, or
after the introduction of the molybdenum component to the reaction
mixture.
[0052] The reaction mixture (i.e., the reaction of the molybdenum
component, the imide component and the optional steps described
hereinabove) be further reacted with a post-treating agents
including, but not limited to, cyclic carbonates (i.e., ethylene
carbonate), acrylic acid and glycerine carbonate.
Additive Concentrates
[0053] In many instances, it may be advantageous to form
concentrates of the oil soluble additive composition of the present
invention within a carrier fluid. These additive concentrates
provide a convenient method of handling, transporting, and
ultimately blending into lubricant base oils to provide a finished
lubricant. Generally, the oil soluble additive concentrates of the
invention are not useable or suitable as finished lubricants on
their own. Rather, the oil soluble additive concentrates are
blended with lubricant base oil stocks to provide a finished
lubricant. It is desired that the carrier fluid readily solubilizes
the oil soluble additive of the invention and provides an oil
additive concentrate that is readily soluble in the lubricant base
oil stocks. In addition, it is desired that the carrier fluid not
introduce any undesirable characteristics, including, for example,
high volatility, high viscosity, and impurities such as
heteroatoms, to the lubricant base oil stocks and thus, ultimately
to the finished lubricant. The present invention therefore further
provides an oil soluble additive concentrate composition comprising
an inert carrier fluid and from 2.0% to 90% by weight, based on the
total concentrate, of an oil soluble additive composition according
to the invention. The inert carrier fluid may be a lubricating
oil.
[0054] These concentrates usually contain from about 2.0% to about
90% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of the oil soluble
additive composition of this invention and may contain, in
addition, one or more other additives known in the art and
described below. The remainder of the concentrate is the
substantially inert carrier fluid.
Lubricating Oil Compositions
[0055] In one embodiment of the invention, the oil soluble additive
composition of the present invention can be mixed with a base oil
of lubricating viscosity to form a lubricating oil composition. The
lubricating oil composition comprises a major amount of a base oil
of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of the oil soluble
additive composition of the present invention described above.
[0056] The lubricating oil which may be used in this invention
includes a wide variety of hydrocarbon oils, such as naphthenic
bases, paraffin bases and mixed base oils as well as synthetic oils
such as esters and the like. The lubricating oils which may be used
in this invention also include oils from biomass such as plant and
animal derived oils. The lubricating oils may be used individually
or in combination and generally have viscosity which ranges from 7
to 3,300 cSt and usually from 20 to 2000 cSt at 40.degree. C. Thus,
the base oil can be a refined paraffin type base oil, a refined
naphthenic base oil, or a synthetic hydrocarbon or non-hydrocarbon
oil of lubricating viscosity. The base oil can also be a mixture of
mineral and synthetic oils. Mineral oils for use as the base oil in
this invention include, for example, paraffinic, naphthenic and
other oils that are ordinarily used in lubricating oil
compositions. Synthetic oils include, for example, both hydrocarbon
synthetic oils and synthetic esters and mixtures thereof having the
desired viscosity. Hydrocarbon synthetic oils may include, for
example, oils prepared from the polymerization of ethylene, i.e.,
polyalphaolefin or PAO, or from hydrocarbon synthesis procedures
using carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases such as in a
Fisher-Tropsch process. Useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils include
liquid polymers of alpha olefins having the proper viscosity.
Likewise, alkyl benzenes of proper viscosity, such as didodecyl
benzene, can be used. Useful synthetic esters include the esters of
monocarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids, as well as
mono-hydroxy alkanols and polyols. Typical examples are didodecyl
adipate, pentaerythritol tetracaproate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate,
dilaurylsebacate, and the like. Complex esters prepared from
mixtures of mono and dicarboxylic acids and mono and dihydroxy
alkanols can also be used. Blends of mineral oils with synthetic
oils are also useful.
[0057] The lubricating oil compositions containing the oil soluble
additives of this invention can be prepared by admixing, by
conventional techniques, the appropriate amount of the oil soluble
additives of the invention with a lubricating oil. The selection of
the particular base oil depends on the contemplated application of
the lubricant and the presence of other additives. Generally, the
amount of the oil soluble additive of the invention in the
lubricating oil composition of the invention will vary from 0.05 to
15% by weight and preferably from 0.2 to 1% by weight, based on the
total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment,
the molybdenum content of the lubricating oil composition will be
between about 50 parts per million (ppm) and 5000 ppm, preferably
between about 90 ppm to 1500 ppm. In another embodiment the
molybdenum content of the lubricating oil composition will be
between about 500 ppm and 700 ppm.
Additional Additives
[0058] If desired, other additives may be included in the
lubricating oil and lubricating oil concentrate compositions of
this invention. These additives include antioxidants or oxidation
inhibitors, dispersants, rust inhibitors, anticorrosion agents and
so forth. Also, anti-foam agents, stabilizers, anti-stain agents,
anti-chatter agents, dropping point improvers, anti-squawk agents,
extreme pressure agents, odor control agents and the like may be
included.
[0059] The following additive components are examples of some of
the components that can be favorably employed in the lubricating
oil compositions of the present invention. These examples of
additional additives are provided to illustrate the present
invention, but they are not intended to limit it:
Metal Detergents
[0060] Detergents which may be employed in the present invention
include alkyl or alkenyl aromatic sulfonates, calcium phenate,
borated sulfonates, sulfurized or unsulfurized metal salts of
multi-hydroxy alkyl or alkenyl aromatic compounds, alkyl or alkenyl
hydroxy aromatic sulfonates, sulfurized or unsulfurized alkyl or
alkenyl naphthenates, metal salts of alkanoic acids, metal salts of
an alkyl or alkenyl multiacid, and chemical and physical mixtures
thereof.
Anti-Wear Agents
[0061] As their name implies, these agents reduce wear of moving
metallic parts. Examples of such agents include, but are not
limited to, zinc dithiophosphates, carbarmates, esters, and
molybdenum complexes.
Rust Inhibitors (Anti-Rust Agents)
[0062] Anti-rust agents reduce corrosion on materials normally
subject to corrosion. Examples of anti-rust agents include, but are
not limited to, nonionic polyoxyethylene surface active agents such
as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene higher alcohol
ether, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl
phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene
oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monostearate, polyoxyethylene
sorbitol mono-oleate, and polyethylene glycol mono-oleate. Other
compounds useful as anti-rust agents include, but are not limited
to, stearic acid and other fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, metal
soaps, fatty acid amine salts, metal salts of heavy sulfonic acid,
partial carboxylic acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, and phosphoric
ester.
Demulsifiers
[0063] Demulsifiers are used to aid the separation of an emulsion.
Examples of demulsifiers include, but are not limited to, block
copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol,
polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polyesteramides, ethoxylated
alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins, polyvinylalcohol derivatives and
cationic or anionic polyelectrolytes. Mixtures of different types
of polymers may also be used.
Friction Modifiers
[0064] Additional friction modifiers may be added to the
lubricating oil of the present invention. Examples of friction
modifiers include, but are not limited to, fatty alcohols, fatty
acids, amines, ethoxylated amines, borated esters, other esters,
phosphates, phosphites and phosphonates.
Multifunctional Additives
[0065] Additives with multiple properties such as anti-oxidant and
anti-wear properties may also be added to the lubricating oil of
the present invention. Examples of multi-functional additives
include, but are not limited to, sulfurized oxymolybdenum
dithiocarbamate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum organo
phosphorodithioate, oxymolybdenum monoglyceride, oxymolybdenum
diethylate amide, amine-molybdenum complexes, and sulfur-containing
molybdenum complexes.
Viscosity Index Improvers
[0066] Viscosity index improvers, also known as viscosity
modifiers, comprise a class of additives that improve the
viscosity-temperature characteristics of the lubricating oil,
making the oil's viscosity more stable as its temperature changes.
Viscosity index improvers may include functionalized viscosity
index improvers, such as dispersant viscosity index improvers, that
may provide an additional benefit. Viscosity index improvers may be
added to the lubricating oil composition of the present invention.
Examples of viscosity index improvers include, but are not limited
to, polymethacrylate type polymers, ethylene-propylene copolymers,
styrene-isoprene copolymers, alkaline earth metal salts of
phosphosulfurized polyisobutylene, hydrated styrene-isoprene
copolymers, polyisobutylene, and dispersant type viscosity index
improvers.
Pour Point Depressants
[0067] Pour point depressants are polymers that are designed to
control wax crystal formation in lubricating oils resulting in
lower pour point and improved low temperature flow performance.
Examples of pour point depressants include, but are not limited to,
polymethyl methacrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers,
polyethylene polymers, and alkylated polystyrenes.
Foam Inhibitors
[0068] Foam inhibitors are used to reduce the foaming tendencies of
the lubricating oil. Examples of foam inhibitors include, but are
not limited to, alkyl methacrylate polymers, alkylacrylate
copolymers, and polymeric organosiloxanes such as dimethylsiloxane
polymers.
Metal Deactivators
[0069] Metal deactivators create a film on metal surfaces to
prevent the metal from causing the oil to be oxidized. Examples of
metal deactivators include, but are not limited to, disalicylidene
propylenediamine, triazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives,
bis-imidazole ethers, and mercaptobenzimidazoles.
Dispersants
[0070] Dispersants diffuse sludge, carbon, soot, oxidation
products, and other deposit precursors to prevent them from
coagulating resulting in reduced deposit formation, less oil
oxidation, and less viscosity increase. Examples of dispersants
include, but are not limited to, alkenyl succinimides, alkenyl
succinimides modified with other organic compounds, alkenyl
succinimides modified by post-treatment with ethylene carbonate or
boric acid, polyamide ashless dispersants and the like or mixtures
of such dispersants.
Anti-Oxidants
[0071] Anti-oxidants reduce the tendency of mineral oils to
deteriorate by inhibiting the formation of oxidation products such
as sludge and varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces. Examples
of anti-oxidants useful in the present invention include, but are
not limited to, phenol type (phenolic) oxidation inhibitors, such
as 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol),
4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol),
4,4'-bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol),
2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol),
4,4'-butylidene-bis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol),
4,4'-isopropylidene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol),
2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol),
2,2'-isobutylidene-bis(4,6-dimethylphenol),
2,2'-5-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol),
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol,
2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol,
2,6-di-tert-1-dimethylamino-p-cresol,
2,6-di-tert-4-(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol),
4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol),
2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol),
bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-10-butylbenzyl)-sulfide, and
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl). Diphenylamine-type
oxidation inhibitors include, but are not limited to, alkylated
diphenylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, and
alkylated-alpha-naphthylamine Other types of oxidation inhibitors
include metal dithiocarbamate (e.g., zinc dithiocarbamate), and
methylenebis(dibutyldithiocarbamate).
Applications
[0072] Lubricating oil compositions containing the oil soluble
additive compositions disclosed herein are effective as either
fluid and grease compositions for modifying the friction properties
of the lubricating oil which may, when used as a crankcase
lubricant, lead to improved mileage for the vehicle being
lubricated with a lubricating oil of this invention.
[0073] The lubricating oil compositions of this invention may be
used in marine cylinder lubricants as in crosshead diesel engines,
crankcase lubricants as in automobiles and railroads, lubricants
for heavy machinery such as steel mills and the like, or as greases
for bearings and the like. Whether the lubricant is fluid or solid
will ordinarily depend on whether a thickening agent is present.
Typical thickening agents include polyurea acetates, lithium
stearate and the like.
Additional Applications
[0074] The oil soluble additive compositions of the invention can
be envisioned as hydrotreating catalyst precursors in addition to
their use as lubricating oil additives. The oil soluble additive
compositions of the invention can act as a catalyst precursor and
can be contacted with hydrocarbons and decomposed, in the presence
of hydrogen and sulfur or sulfur-bearing compounds to form an
active catalyst for hydrotreating a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock.
The oil soluble additive compositions of the invention can be
heated to the decomposition temperature and decomposed in the
presence of hydrogen a hydrocarbon, and sulfur or sulfur-bearing
compounds, e.g., at "on-oil" conditions, to form the active
catalyst species for hydrotreating.
[0075] The nature of the hydrocarbon is not critical, and can
generally include any hydrocarbon compound, acyclic or cyclic,
saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or inertly substituted. The
preferred hydrocarbons are those which are liquid at ordinary
temperatures, exemplary of which are such straight chain saturated
acyclic hydrocarbons as octane, tridecane, eicosane, nonacosane, or
the like; straight chain unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbons as
2-hexene, 1,4-hexadiene, and the like; branched chain saturated
acyclic hydrocarbons as 3-methylpentane, neopentane, isohexane,
2,7,8-triethyldecane, and the like; branched chain unsaturated
acyclic hydrocarbons such as 3,4-dipropyl-1,3-hexadiene-5-yne,
5,5-dimethyl-1-hexene, and the like; cyclic hydrocarbons, saturated
or unsaturated, such as cyclohexane, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, and the
like; and including such aromatics as cumene, mesitylene, styrene,
toluene, o-xylene, or the like. The more preferred hydrocarbons are
those derived from petroleum, including especially admixtures of
petroleum hydrocarbons characterized as virgin naphthas, cracked
naphthas, Fischer-Tropsch naphtha, light cycle oil, medium cycle
oil, heavy cycle oil, and the like, typically those containing from
about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 5 to about
20 carbon atoms and boiling within a range of from about 30.degree.
C. to about 450.degree. C., preferably from about 150.degree. C. to
about 300.degree. C. In decomposing the oil soluble additive
compositions of the invention to form a hydrotreating catalyst, a
packed bed containing the oil soluble additive compositions of the
invention is contacted in a hydrogen atmosphere with both the
hydrocarbon and sulfur or sulfur-bearing compound and heated at
conditions which decompose said oil soluble additive compositions
of the invention.
[0076] The sulfur or sulfur-bearing compound is characterized as an
organo-sulfur or hydrocarbyl-sulfur compound, which contains one or
more carbon-sulfur bonds within the total molecule, and generally
includes acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted
or inertly substituted compounds. Exemplary of acyclic compounds of
this character are ethyl sulfide, n-butyl sulfide, n-hexylthiol,
diethylsulfone, allyl isothiocyanate, dimethyl disulfide,
ethylmethylsulfone, ethylmethylsulfoxide, and the like; cyclic
compounds of such character are methylthiophenol,
dimethylthiophene, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid,
5-formamido-benzothiazole, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid,
dibenzylthiophene, and the like. The sulfur must be present in at
least an amount sufficient to provide the desired stoichiometry
required for the catalyst, and preferably is employed in excess of
this amount. Suitably, both the hydrocarbon and sulfur for the
reaction can be supplied by the use of a sulfur-containing
hydrocarbon compound, e.g., a heterocyclic sulfur compound, or
compounds. Exemplary of heterocyclic sulfur compounds suitable for
such purpose are thiophene, dibenzothiophene, tetraphenylthiophene,
tetramethyldibenzothiophene, tetrahydrodibenzothiophene,
thianthrene, tetramethylthianthrene, and the like. The hydrogen
required for forming the catalysts of this invention may be pure
hydrogen, an admixture of gases rich in hydrogen or a compound
which will generate in situ hydrogen, e.g., a hydrogen-generating
gas such as carbon monoxide mixtures with water, or a hydrogen
donor solvent.
[0077] The following examples are presented to illustrate specific
embodiments of this invention and are not to be construed in any
way as limiting the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLES
Comparative Example
[0078] To a 1000 mL 5-neck round bottom flask equipped with a
mechanical stirrer, dean stark trap, reflux condenser, heat mantle,
thermocouple, temperature controller, addition funnel and nitrogen
inlet was added 200.09 g of octadecenyl succinic anhydride (ODSA)
and 100 g of a 100 neutral oil. To the stirred mixture 53.3 g of
diethylene triamine (DETA) was added, dropwise, starting at
85.degree. C. During the addition the temperature increased
exothermically to 110.degree. C. The temperature was increased to
160.degree. C. and was maintained overnight with removal of water
to form a succinimide reaction product with a TBN of 119 mgKOH/g.
The succinimide product was heated to 165.degree. C. in the same
reactor and 63.4 g of molten ethylene carbonate (EC) was added. The
reaction was maintained at 165.degree. C. overnight to form an EC
treated succinimide product with a TBN of 49 mgKOH/g.
[0079] 130.15 g of the EC treated succinimide product was added to
a 500 mL 4-neck round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical
stirrer, dean stark trap, reflux condenser, heat mantle,
thermocouple, temperature controller, addition funnel and nitrogen
inlet. The succinimide was dissolved in xylene at 65.degree. C.
then 7.3 g of molybdenum trioxide, 4.9 g of deionized water, and a
drop of defoamer were added. The reactants were stirred at
90.degree. C. for 3 hours, then xylenes and water were removed en
vacuo at 120.degree. C. After filtration through diatomaceous earth
in xylene and removal of solvent, a molybdated product with 3%
molybdenum content was obtained.
Example 1
[0080] To a 5 L 3 neck round bottom reactor flask equipped with a
mechanical stirrer, dean stark trap, reflux condenser, heat mantle,
thermocouple, temperature controller, addition funnel and nitrogen
inlet was added 504.5 grams of diethylene triamine (DETA). The DETA
was heated to 80.degree. C. and 1901.5 grams of octadecylsuccinic
anhydride (ODSA) was added to the round bottom flask via the
addition funnel. The temperature increased exothermically to
120.degree. C. during the addition of ODSA and was then increased
to 160-165.degree. C. and held for several hours to remove water.
The succinimide formed had a TBN of 174 mgKOH/g.
[0081] The succinimide was treated with ethylene carbonate (EC) in
the same manner as the comparative example to form an EC treated
succinimide product with a TBN of 58.4 mgKOH/g.
[0082] The EC treated succinimide was treated with molybdenum
trioxide in the same manner as the comparative example to form a
molybdated product with 4.55% molybdenum content.
[0083] The improved reaction process advantageously results in
intermediate reaction products with higher TBN and a final product
with a greater molybdenum content.
[0084] Examples 2-5 were prepared according to the process in
Example 1. The succinimide was post-treated with ethylene carbonate
or acrylic acid. When acrylic acid is the post-treating agent, then
the post-treating temperature was about 70-110.degree. C.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Post- Dicarboxylic acid component: Example
treatment polyamine CMR % Mo 2 EC 0.5 4.54 3 EC 1 5.36 4 AA 0.5
sediment 5 AA 1 4.27
* * * * *