U.S. patent application number 14/185903 was filed with the patent office on 2014-06-19 for method and apparatus for selecting enhanced dedicated channel transport format combination in cell_fach state and idle mode.
This patent application is currently assigned to InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc.. Invention is credited to Christopher Cave, Paul Marinier, Diana Pani, Benoit Pelletier, Vincent Roy.
Application Number | 20140169206 14/185903 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40673880 |
Filed Date | 2014-06-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140169206 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Pelletier; Benoit ; et
al. |
June 19, 2014 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SELECTING ENHANCED DEDICATED CHANNEL
TRANSPORT FORMAT COMBINATION IN CELL_FACH STATE AND IDLE MODE
Abstract
A method and apparatus for selecting an enhanced dedicated
channel (E-DCH) transport format combination (E-TFC) in Cell_FACH
state and idle mode are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit
(WTRU) transmits a random access channel (RACH) preamble and
receives an index to an E-DCH resource in response to the RACH
preamble. The WTRU may estimate a power headroom based on the
maximum WTRU transmit power, power offset value, and the last
successfully transmitted RACH preamble transmit power. The WTRU
restricts an E-TFC based on the estimated power headroom, and
selects an E-TFC based on a set of supported E-TFCs. The WTRU then
generates, and transmits, a protocol data unit (PDU) based on the
selected E-TFC.
Inventors: |
Pelletier; Benoit; (Roxboro,
CA) ; Marinier; Paul; (Brossard, CA) ; Roy;
Vincent; (Longueuil, CA) ; Pani; Diana;
(Montreal, CA) ; Cave; Christopher;
(Dollard-des-Ormeaux, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc. |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
InterDigital Patent Holdings,
Inc.
Wilmington
DE
|
Family ID: |
40673880 |
Appl. No.: |
14/185903 |
Filed: |
February 20, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
13338435 |
Dec 28, 2011 |
8700087 |
|
|
14185903 |
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|
12408128 |
Mar 20, 2009 |
8107991 |
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13338435 |
|
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|
61038176 |
Mar 20, 2008 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
370/252 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W 56/00 20130101;
H04W 74/0833 20130101; H04W 52/146 20130101; H04W 24/00 20130101;
H04W 52/50 20130101; H04W 52/325 20130101; H04W 52/36 20130101;
H04W 72/02 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
370/252 |
International
Class: |
H04W 56/00 20060101
H04W056/00; H04W 52/50 20060101 H04W052/50; H04W 24/00 20060101
H04W024/00; H04W 74/08 20060101 H04W074/08 |
Claims
1. A method for performing an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH)
transmission, the method comprising: a wireless transmit/receive
unit (WTRU) estimating a power headroom based on at least a WTRU
maximum transmit power, a power offset value, and a transmit power
associated with a random access channel (RACH) preamble; the WTRU
performing an E-DCH transport format combination (E-TFC) selection
function based on the estimated power headroom; and the WTRU
performing the E-DCH transmission based on an E-TFC selected using
the E-TFC selection function.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the E-DCH transmission is
performed in a Cell_FACH state.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the E-DCH transmission is
performed in an idle mode.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the WTRU transmitting
the RACH preamble; and the WTRU receiving an index to an E-DCH
resource in response to the RACH preamble.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the WTRU estimates the power
headroom for a predetermined duration following reception of the
index.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the E-TFC selection function
comprises an E-TFC restriction to that is used to determine a set
of supported E-TFCs based on the estimated power headroom, and
wherein the E-TFC is selected from the set of supported E-TFCs.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the WTRU bases the E-TFC
restriction on the estimated power headroom for a duration of a
variable number of first dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH)
slots or of a variable number of first transmission time intervals
(TTIs).
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the E-TFC restriction is based on
a DPCCH power measurement.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the RACH preamble comprises a
last transmitted RACH preamble from the WTRU.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the WTRU receives the power
offset value from a network via system information.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the WTRU performing the E-DCH
transmission further comprises: the WTRU generating a protocol data
unit (PDU) based on the E-TFC; and the WTRU transmitting the
PDU.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the WTRU sending
scheduling information including the estimated power headroom to a
network.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the E-TFC selection function
comprises an initial E-TFC selection function performed prior to a
start of the E-DCH transmission.
14. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for performing an
enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) transmission, the WTRU
comprising: a controller configured to: estimate a power headroom
based on a WTRU maximum transmit power, a power offset value, and a
transmit power associated with a random access channel (RACH)
preamble, and perform at least one of an E-TFC selection or an
E-TFC selection function based on the estimated power headroom; and
a transmit/receive unit configured to perform the E-DCH
transmission based on an E-TFC selected using the E-TFC selection
function.
15. The WTRU of claim 14, wherein the E-DCH transmission is
performed in a Cell_FACH state.
16. The WTRU of claim 14, wherein the E-DCH transmission is
performed in an idle mode.
17. The WTRU of claim 14, wherein the transmit/receive unit is
further configured to: transmit the RACH preamble, and receive an
index to an E-DCH resource in response to the RACH preamble.
18. The WTRU of claim 17, wherein the controller is further
configured to estimate the power headroom for a predetermined
duration following reception of the index.
19. The WTRU of claim 14, wherein the E-TFC selection function
comprises an E-TFC restriction that is used to determine a set of
supported E-TFCs based on the estimated power headroom, and wherein
the processor is further configured to select the E-TFC from the
set of supported E-TFCs.
20. The WTRU of claim 19, wherein the controller is further
configured to base the E-TFC on the estimated power headroom for a
duration of a variable number of first dedicated physical control
channel (DPCCH) slots or of a variable number of first transmission
time intervals (TTIs).
21. The WTRU of claim 19, wherein the E-TFC restriction is based on
a DPCCH power measurement.
22. The WTRU of claim 14, wherein the RACH preamble comprises a
last transmitted RACH preamble from the WTRU.
23. The WTRU of claim 14, wherein the transmit/receive unit
receives the power offset value from a network via system
information.
24. The WTRU of claim 14, wherein the controller is further
configured to generate a protocol data unit (PDU) based on the
E-TFC, and wherein the transmit/receive unit is further configured
to transmit the PDU.
25. The WTRU of claim 14, wherein the transmit/receive unit is
further configured to send scheduling information including the
estimated power headroom to a network.
26. The WTRU of claim 14, wherein the E-TFC selection function
comprises an initial E-TFC selection function performed prior to a
start of the E-DCH transmission.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 13/338,435 filed Dec. 28, 2011; which is a continuation of U.S.
application Ser. No. 12/408,128 filed Mar. 20, 2009, now U.S. Pat.
No. 8,107,991; which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional
application No. 61/038,176 filed Mar. 20, 2008, which are
incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] This application is related to wireless communications.
BACKGROUND
[0003] It has recently been proposed, as part of third generation
partnership project (3GPP) Release 8 work item applicable to high
speed packet access (HSPA) systems, that wireless transmit/receive
units (WTRUs) are allowed to transmit on an enhanced dedicated
channel (E-DCH) in the CELL_FACH state or idle mode. The WTRUs are
allowed to tap E-DCH resources without transitioning to CELL_DCH
state, which is referred to as enhanced random access channel
(E-RACH) access or E-DCH in CELL_FACH or idle mode.
[0004] An E-RACH access is a combination of a random access channel
(RACH) preamble transmission phase and an E-DCH transmission phase.
FIG. 1 shows an E-RACH access procedure. The RACH preamble
transmission phase uses a subset of R99 RACH signatures that a Node
B has designated or broadcast for use in E-RACH. The reception of a
preamble by the Node B is acknowledged in an acquisition indication
channel (AICH), which also assigns a WTRU with an index for a
shared E-DCH resource to use. The shared E-DCH resources are
pre-designated by the Node B for use in an E-RACH access in
CELL_FACH state or idle mode. For all shared E-DCH resources, the
parameters are provided to the WTRU during initial setup or
broadcast to WTRUs in the cell by the Node B. Each E-DCH resource
is associated with an index which is transmitted as part of the
acknowledgement for the E-RACH access, or using some other
signaling mechanism. Once the WTRU receives the index value, all
configuration parameters related to the assigned shared E-DCH
resource are known and the WTRU may start transmitting after a
possible synchronization period.
[0005] In E-DCH (Release 6 and above), the WTRU selects the number
of information bits to transmit at every transmission time interval
(TTI) based on a set of pre-defined rules. Conceptually, this
procedure includes a number of steps. First, the WTRU determines
the amount of power it can use for data transmission. To this end,
the WTRU measures its power headroom, which is defined as the ratio
between the maximum transmission power and the power of the
dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH). The maximum
transmission power is a known parameter at the WTRU. It is either
determined by the WTRU category or signaled by the network. Thus,
whenever the WTRU has an estimate of the DPCCH power, the WTRU can
calculate the power headroom estimate. In this context power
headroom estimation and DPCCH power estimation have a direct
relationship. Since the DPCCH power is subjected to variations at
every radio slot in response to power control commands from the
network, the WTRU filters the DPCCH slot-wise power estimates over
a period of one TTI, (i.e., 3 radio slots for 2 ms TTI and 15 radio
slots for 10 ms TTI). In a second step, the WTRU uses this power
headroom to determine the set of transport format that can be used
for transmission, also referred to as the set of supported E-DCH
transport format combinations (E-TFCs). An E-TFC that is in the set
of supported E-TFCs is said to be in supported state. This step may
be referred to as E-TFC restriction. Finally, the WTRU determines
how many bits will be transmitted in the coming TTI from each MAC-d
flows (up to the maximum supported E-TFC) based on the serving
grant, non-scheduled grant, reference E-TFCs, hybrid automatic
repeat request (HARQ) profiles, multiplexing list, etc. This step
is referred to as E-TFC selection in the 3GPP specifications.
[0006] When the WTRU initiates E-DCH transmission in CELL_FACH
state or idle mode, the WTRU may not know the power headroom or may
not have a sufficiently accurate power headroom estimate to carry
out the E-TFC selection functions and protocol data unit (PDU)
creation procedures in time for the start of the E-DCH dedicated
physical data channel (E-DPDCH) transmission. Therefore, it would
be desirable to provide a method for power headroom estimation that
would allow the WTRU to perform E-TFC selection functions and PDU
creation procedures before that point. It is further desirable to
provide such an estimation method for reporting UE transmission
power headroom (UPH) measurements when the scheduling information
(SI) containing the UPH is transmitted before the measurement is
considered sufficiently reliable.
SUMMARY
[0007] A method and apparatus for selecting an E-TFC in Cell_FACH
state and idle mode are disclosed. A WTRU transmits an RACH
preamble and receives an index to an E-DCH resource in response to
the RACH preamble. The WTRU may estimate a power headroom based on
the maximum WTRU transmit power, a power offset value, and the last
transmitted RACH preamble transmit power. The WTRU restricts an
E-TFC based on the estimated power headroom, and selects an E-TFC
based on a set of supported E-TFCs. The WTRU then generates, and
transmits, a protocol data unit (PDU) based on the selected
E-TFC.
[0008] Alternatively, the WTRU may estimate the power headroom
based on the downlink measurement and uplink noise and interference
level. The downlink measurement may be common pilot channel (CPICH)
received signal code power (RSCP) measurement. Alternatively, the
WTRU may select an E-TFC from a minimum E-TFC set within a default
serving grant. Alternatively, the WTRU may select an E-TFC assuming
that all E-TFCs are available for first N E-DCH transmissions
independently of radio conditions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following
description, given by way of example in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings wherein:
[0010] FIG. 1 shows an E-RACH access procedure; and
[0011] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example WTRU in accordance
with one embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example WTRU in accordance
with one embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] When referred to hereafter, the terminology "WTRU" includes
but is not limited to a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a
fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a
personal digital assistant (PDA), a computer, or any other type of
user device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When
referred to hereafter, the terminology "base station" includes but
is not limited to a Node-B, a site controller, an access point
(AP), or any other type of interfacing device capable of operating
in a wireless environment. Together, E-TFC restriction and E-TFC
selection are referred to as E-TFC selection functions
hereinafter.
[0014] Embodiments disclosed herein are related to power headroom
estimation and to the selection of an E-TFC in the absence of the
initial WTRU power headroom information at the WTRU. The
embodiments are applicable to 3GPP HSPA wireless communication
systems and any other wireless communication systems
[0015] In accordance with a first embodiment, a WTRU is configured
to determine an estimate of the power headroom based on downlink
measurements and an uplink interference level. The uplink
interference level information may be signaled from a Node B, or
assumed by the WTRU. The WTRU may determine the estimate of the
WTRU power headroom as follows:
Power_Headroom=Max.sub.--WTRU.sub.--Tx_Power+CPICH.sub.--RSCP-Uplink_Noi-
se_plus_Interference+K. Equation (1)
where Max_WTRU_Tx_Power is the maximum transmission power of the
WTRU, CPICH_RSCP is the received signal code power (RSCP) of the
common pilot channel (CPICH) of the cell being accessed,
Uplink_Noise_plus_Interference is the sum of thermal noise and
interference at the base station antenna, and K is a pre-determined
constant whose value depends on factors that do not change
significantly in different situations, (e.g., required
signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of the DPCCH, margins, or the
like). CPICH_RSCP may be filtered at Layer 3 to reduce variations
due to fast fading. Uplink_Noise_plus_Interference value may be
pre-determined based on conservative estimates of the maximum noise
rise at the Node B, or may be signaled by the Node B over system
information.
[0016] Once the WTRU has determined the estimate of the power
headroom, the WTRU may execute the E-TFC selection functions
(including E-TFC restriction and E-TFC selection) based on the
power headroom estimate and optionally based on a default grant
signaled over system information. The E-TFC selected is then used
for PDU creation and transmission. Optionally, the first E-DCH
transmission uses this approach for E-TFC selection and the
following transmissions may use the normal power headroom estimate
for E-TFC selection functions.
[0017] The WTRU may estimate the power headroom in accordance with
the first embodiment either for the initial E-DCH transmission or
for one or combination of any of the following duration: [0018] (1)
The first N E-DCH transmissions; [0019] (2) The first M
transmission time intervals (TTIs) or any other pre-determined time
units, (e.g., radio slots, frames, etc.); [0020] (3) The first K
DPCCH slots or transmit power control (TPC) commands that are sent
to the Node B and/or received from the Node B; and [0021] (4) Until
the first real power headroom determination, (i.e., the headroom is
calculated from an actual DPCCH power measurement), and E-TFC
selection functions based on this power headroom measurement have
been completed. Once such an E-TFC has been selected, the WTRU may
resume normal E-TFC selection functions.
[0022] In accordance with a second embodiment, the WTRU is
configured to estimate the WTRU power headroom based on the
transmission power used for the RACH preamble and is configured to
perform E-TFC selection functions using the estimated power
headroom. FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an example process 200 of
estimating a power headroom and selecting an E-TFC in Cell_FACH
state and idle mode in accordance with the second embodiment. A
WTRU may receive a power offset value from a network (step 202).
The power offset value may be predetermined. The WTRU transmits a
RACH preamble while implementing a power ramp-up (step 204). The
WTRU estimates a power headroom based on a WTRU maximum transmit
power, the power offset value and a last transmitted RACH preamble
transmit power (step 206).
[0023] The power headroom may be calculated as follows:
Power
Headroom=Max.sub.--WTRU.sub.--Tx_Power-Preamble.sub.--Tx_Power-Off-
set; Equation (2)
where Preamble_Tx_Power is the transmit power of the last
successfully transmitted RACH preamble, and Offset is a power
offset that may be pre-determined or calculated based on a value
signaled over system information.
[0024] Once the WTRU has determined the estimate of the power
headroom, the WTRU may execute the E-TFC selection functions (E-TFC
restriction and E-TFC selection) based on the power headroom
estimate and optionally based on a default grant signaled over
system information (step 208). The E-TFC selected is then used for
PDU creation and transmission. Optionally, the first E-DCH
transmission uses this approach for E-TFC selection and the
following transmissions may use the normal power headroom estimate
for E-TFC selection functions.
[0025] When the WTRU receives an ACK on AICH, the E-DCH resource is
allocated and the WTRU uses the power headroom estimated based on
the transmission power of the corresponding RACH preamble for the
E-TFC selection functions. The E-TFC selected is then used for PDU
creation for the initial E-DCH transmission.
[0026] Alternatively, the WTRU may carry out power headroom
estimation every time a RACH preamble is transmitted during the
power ramp-up. The WTRU then uses the last value of the power
headroom to carry out the E-TFC selection functions and create the
PDU for the initial E-DCH transmission.
[0027] Alternatively, the WTRU may carry out power headroom
estimation and E-TFC restriction every time a RACH preamble is
transmitted during the power ramp-up. The WTRU then uses the last
set of supported E-TFC to carry out E-TFC selection and PDU
creation for E-DCH transmission.
[0028] Alternatively, the WTRU may carry out power headroom
estimation and E-TFC functions (including E-TFC restriction and
E-TFC selection) every time a RACH preamble is transmitted during
the power ramp-up. The WTRU then uses the E-TFC selected to create
the PDU for E-DCH transmission.
[0029] Alternatively, the WTRU may carry out power headroom
estimation, E-TFC functions (including E-TFC restriction and E-TFC
selection) and PDU creation every time a RACH preamble is
transmitted during the power ramp-up. The WTRU then uses the last
PDU created for the E-DCH transmission.
[0030] The WTRU may estimate the power headroom in accordance with
the second embodiment either for the initial E-DCH transmission or
for one or combination of any of the following duration: [0031] (1)
The first N E-DCH transmissions; [0032] (2) The first M
transmission time intervals (TTIs) or any other pre-determined time
units, (e.g., radio slots, frames, etc.); [0033] (3) The first K
DPCCH slots or transmit power control (TPC) commands that are sent
to the Node B and/or received from the Node B; and [0034] (4) Until
the first real power headroom determination, (e.g., after sending
the DPCCH), and E-TFC selection has been completed. Once an E-TFC
has been correctly selected the WTRU may continue with the selected
E-TFC.
[0035] The WTRU may also use the power headroom estimated in
accordance with the first or second embodiment to report the UE
power headroom (UPH) if an SI is triggered while the actual power
headroom is considered unreliable, (e.g., for the first or first
few E-DCH transmissions in CELL_FACH, or for a predetermined
duration).
[0036] In accordance with a third embodiment, a WTRU is configured
to select an E-TFC from a minimum E-TFC set. The minimum E-TFC set
is pre-configured or signaled by a network. The WTRU selects an
E-TFC from the minimum E-TFC set either for the initial E-DCH
transmission or for one or combination of any of the following
duration, independently of the power headroom: [0037] (1) The first
N E-DCH transmissions; [0038] (2) The first M TTIs or any other
pre-determined time units, (e.g., radio slots, frames, etc.);
[0039] (3) The first K DPCCH slots or TPC commands that are sent to
the Node B and/or received from the Node B; and [0040] (4) Until
the first real power headroom determination, (i.e., the headroom is
calculated from an actual DPCCH power measurement), and E-TFC
selection functions based on this power headroom measurement have
been completed. Once such an E-TFC has been selected, the WTRU may
resume normal E-TFC selection functions.
[0041] The minimum E-TFC set may be pre-determined or signaled over
system information. The WTRU may choose the minimum value from the
minimum E-TFC set. Alternatively, the WTRU may choose a higher
E-TFC value based on a power headroom estimated in accordance with
the embodiments described above and/or based on the amount of data
the WTRU has available for transmission. The value selected from
the minimum E-TFC set should not correspond to a higher grant than
the default grant provided in the system information block
(SIB).
[0042] A minimum E-TFC may be applied until the WTRU receives a new
absolute grant from the Node B over an E-DCH absolute grant channel
(E-AGCH) that is associated with the E-DCH resource, or until the
WTRU receives a relative grant over an E-DCH relative grant channel
(E-RGCH) indicating to increase its current serving grant.
Alternatively, the minimum E-TFC may be applied until collision
resolution is resolved. For common control channel (CCCH)
transmissions the minimum E-TFC may be applied for the duration of
the transmission.
[0043] In accordance with a fourth embodiment, a WTRU is configured
to assume that the power headroom does not limit the E-TFC in its
calculations for the initial E-TFC selection (or N first E-TFC
selections or N first TTIs), independent of the actual radio
conditions. In other words, the WTRU assumes that all E-TFCs within
the limit of the default grant are in the supported state, (i.e.,
there is no E-TFC restriction per say), in the calculation of the
E-TFC for the initial or N first E-TFC selections. The WTRU
continues normal operation, (i.e., E-TFC restriction is carried out
so that not all possible E-TFCs are in supported state), as soon as
a real determination of the power headroom is available.
[0044] The WTRU may select an E-TFC in accordance with the fourth
embodiment either for the initial E-DCH transmission or for one or
combination of any of the following duration: [0045] (1) The first
N E-DCH transmissions; [0046] (2) The first M TTIs or any other
pre-determined time units, (e.g., radio slots, frames, etc.);
[0047] (3) The first K DPCCH slots or TPC commands that are sent to
the Node B and/or received from the Node B; and [0048] (4) Until
the first real power headroom determination, (i.e., the headroom is
calculated from an actual DPCCH power measurement), and E-TFC
selection functions based on this power headroom measurement have
been completed. Once such an E-TFC has been selected, the WTRU may
resume normal E-TFC selection functions.
[0049] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example WTRU 300 in
accordance with one embodiment. The WTRU 300 includes a
transmit/receive unit 302, a controller 304, and a measurement unit
306. The transmit/receive unit 302 is configured to transmit a RACH
preamble, receive an index to an E-DCH resource in response to the
RACH preamble, and generate an E-DCH transmission using the
selected E-TFC. The controller 304 is configured to select an E-TFC
in accordance with any one of the embodiments disclosed above. The
controller 304 may select the E-TFC based on estimated power
headroom calculated based on a WTRU maximum transmit power,
downlink measurement generated by the measurement unit 306, and an
uplink noise and interference level. Alternatively, the controller
304 may select the E-TFC based on estimated power headroom
calculated based on the WTRU maximum transmit power, a power offset
value, and the last transmitted RACH preamble power. Alternatively,
the controller 304 may select an E-TFC from a minimum E-TFC set
within a default serving grant. Alternatively, the controller 304
may select an E-TFC assuming that all E-TFCs are available for
first N E-DCH transmissions independently of radio conditions
within a default grant.
[0050] Although features and elements are described above in
particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone
without the other features and elements or in various combinations
with or without other features and elements. The methods or flow
charts provided herein may be implemented in a computer program,
software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable storage
medium for execution by a general purpose computer or a processor.
Examples of computer-readable storage mediums include a read only
memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache
memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as
internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and
optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks
(DVDs).
[0051] Suitable processors include, by way of example, a general
purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional
processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a
DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific
Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and/or a state
machine.
[0052] A processor in association with software may be used to
implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a wireless
transmit receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), terminal, base
station, radio network controller (RNC), or any host computer. The
WTRU may be used in conjunction with modules, implemented in
hardware and/or software, such as a camera, a video camera module,
a videophone, a speakerphone, a vibration device, a speaker, a
microphone, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a
keyboard, a Bluetooth.TM.. module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio
unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, an organic
light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, a digital music player, a
media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser,
and/or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or Ultra Wide Band
(UWB) module.
* * * * *