U.S. patent application number 14/124121 was filed with the patent office on 2014-06-12 for ski with tri-dimensional ski surface.
This patent application is currently assigned to HiTurn AS. The applicant listed for this patent is Jorgen Karlsen. Invention is credited to Jorgen Karlsen.
Application Number | 20140159344 14/124121 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44628209 |
Filed Date | 2014-06-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140159344 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Karlsen; Jorgen |
June 12, 2014 |
SKI WITH TRI-DIMENSIONAL SKI SURFACE
Abstract
A ski for mounting a binding on the ski's surface approximately
in the middle of the ski or slightly behind the middle, where the
ski is provided with inwardly curved edge portions, the ski having
greater width at the transition to the front tip than in the
middle, and the ski has an upwardly curved front tip. The ski
combines features from skis with a very special and characteristic
three-dimensional geometry in the actual sliding surface, and a
special design of the tip (possibly also in a rear tip where this
is relevant), where the tip's secondary sole surfaces (3, 4) are
twisted upwards relative to a central reference surface (1, 2),
with the result that the ski's tip succeeds in pressing more snow
under the ski when running in loose snow and slush, and the
invention thereby provides a ski which both glides better in loose
snow as well as retaining all the favourable dynamic properties
which exist in the described three-dimensional design of the actual
sliding surface on the ski.
Inventors: |
Karlsen; Jorgen; (Hovik,
NO) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Karlsen; Jorgen |
Hovik |
|
NO |
|
|
Assignee: |
HiTurn AS
Raufoss
NO
|
Family ID: |
44628209 |
Appl. No.: |
14/124121 |
Filed: |
June 7, 2011 |
PCT Filed: |
June 7, 2011 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/NO2011/000163 |
371 Date: |
February 26, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
280/609 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63C 5/0405 20130101;
A63C 5/0428 20130101; A63C 5/044 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
280/609 |
International
Class: |
A63C 5/04 20060101
A63C005/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 6, 2011 |
NO |
20110814 |
Claims
1. A ski for mounting a binding on the ski's surface approximately
in the middle of the ski or slightly behind the middle, where the
ski is provided with inwardly curved edge portions, the ski having
greater width at the transition to the front tip than in the
middle, with an upwardly curved front tip, and possibly a full tip
or a rather more modest tip or no tip at the rear end, where the
ski has a three-dimensional sliding surface divided into a primary
sole surface and secondary sole surfaces which from the bindings
towards the transition to the tip have a substantially increasing
uplift measured in steel edges relative to the plane defined by the
primary sole surface when it is pressed down against the ground,
i.e. when the ski is lying flat and without camber in the
longitudinal direction, and then this geometry in the sliding
surface is combined with a design of the tip, wherein the tip
comprises a primary sole surface and secondary sole surfaces-which
secondary sole surfaces, when viewed in cross section, provide
steel edges with further accelerated raising relative to the
primary sole surface from the transition between the sliding
surface and the tip and further forward in the tip up to a cross
section B.
2. A ski according to claim 1, wherein the sliding surface of the
ski has a three-dimensional sliding surface which is tripartite in
some portions, with a right secondary sole surface, a central
primary sole surface and a left secondary sole surface towards the
transition to the tip, where there are secondary sole surfaces in
the sliding surface over a length, which together, at both ends of
the ski, forms at least 10% of the sliding surface's total length,
and the part with raised secondary sole surfaces in front of the
binding preferably forms at least 10% of the total length of the
sliding surface.
3. A ski according to claim 1, wherein the steel edges, when viewed
in cross section, create an increasing uplift relative to the
central sole surface from the transition between the secondary
sliding surface and the tip's secondary sole surface to the cross
section B located in front of D, where the uplift in cross section
B, measured in mm, is at least 15% greater than in transition,
preferably at least 30% and most preferred at least 50%.
4. A ski according to claim 1, wherein the steel edges, when viewed
in cross section, create an increasing uplift relative to the
central sole surface from the transition between central sliding
surface and the tip's central sole surface to a cross section B
located in front of the transition, where the uplift in cross
section B, measured in mm, is greater than in the transition,
preferably at least 10% and most preferred at least 20%.
5. A ski according to claim 1, wherein the tip's secondary sole
surfaces, when viewed in cross section, create an increasing angle
with primary sole surface from the transition between the sliding
surface and tip and at any rate several cm outwards in the tip,
with the result that the angle increases at least 1 degree and
preferably at least 2 degrees from the transition to the tip, until
maximum angle is achieved further forward in the tip.
6. A ski according to claim 1, wherein the tip's secondary sole
surfaces start further in towards the ski's bindings than the
transition between the central primary sole surface and the tip's
primary sole surface does, with the result that the accelerated
upward raising in the steel edge already starts a few cm earlier
than the upward raising to the tip from the central primary sole
surface in transition, so that this transition to accelerated
raising of the secondary sole surfaces starts at D.
7. A ski according to claim 1, wherein the further from the
transition the transition is located in the direction of
transition, the more the accelerated raising in the steel edge
increase from transition to cross section B relative to the
increase from the transition to the transition, when cross section
B is located in front of transition.
8. A ski according to claim 1, wherein some of the transitions
between the different areas on the ski are not perpendicular to the
ski's longitudinal direction, nor are they located symmetrically
about the longitudinal axis.
9. A ski according to claim 1, wherein the ski is symmetrical about
a longitudinal axis.
10. A ski according to claim 1, wherein the ski is asymmetrical
about a longitudinal axis.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a ski, where the ski is
designed to have a binding mounted approximately in the middle of
the ski, when viewed in the ski's longitudinal direction, or
slightly behind the middle. The ski is provided with inwardly
curved steel edges (edge portions), the ski having a greater width
at the transition to the tip than under the binding. The ski has
upwardly curved tips at the front and the rear, where the tips may
well be approximately of the same size, but the rear tip is often
more modest, or merely a slight upward curve of the sole with a
truncated end at the back, which is also referred to here as the
rear tip.
[0002] These days a ski is normally designed with a flat sole
surface between the front and rear tips of the ski, but skis are
also known with a split sole surface. The ski according to the
present invention is based on a three-dimensional geometry of the
ski's sliding surface, as is disclosed in international patent
application WO 95/21662, amongst others. The ski described in this
patent application is provided with a sole where the sliding
surface in the sole is not flat, but in principle divided into
three sliding surfaces over the ski's longitudinal direction, where
this design has been shown to give the skis advantageous dynamic
properties. In principle, these skis have an increasing angle
between a central sliding surface in the ski's sole, here called
the primary sole surface, and lateral sliding surfaces arranged on
each side of the primary sole surface, here called secondary sole
surfaces, where the secondary sole surfaces extend along the ski's
steel edges up to the transition to the tip. The geometry is
characterised by an increase in the angle between the different
sole surfaces towards the transition to the tip, and possibly
towards the rear tip. However, all of the known versions of skis
with this geometry in the sliding surface have phased out the angle
between the primary or central sole surface and the lateral sole
surfaces from the transition to the ski's tip and forward in this
tip, and the same backwards in the rear tip to the extent that the
ski has a substantial rear tip with this functionality.
[0003] Testing of new prototypes of skis has demonstrated that in
loose snow and other soft, loose surfaces it is advantageous to
have the tripartite sliding surface, but particularly advantageous
if the angular difference between the different sole surfaces not
only continues into the tip, but the angle between the extension of
the different sole surfaces in the tip increases substantially over
a length of the tip. As indicated above, however, the known design
of a ski with a tripartite sliding surface will phase out the
angular difference between the central sliding surface (the primary
sole surface) and the lateral sliding surfaces or the secondary
sole surfaces on each side approximately from the transition to the
tip and further forward in the tip. If on the other hand the angle
between the central sliding surface or the primary sole surface and
the lateral sliding surfaces or the secondary sole surfaces on each
side is increased forward in the tip, possibly doing the same
backwards in the rear tip, where this is relevant, great benefits
were achieved in loose snow in our tests. The increase in the angle
starts approximately in the transition between the flat sliding
surface of the sole and the tip, but it may also start a few cm
further in towards the middle of the ski (i.e. in towards the
bindings), or slightly further out in the tip. The increase in
angle is generally accelerated approximately from the transition to
the tip and a few cm forwards. With this type of functionality the
aim is to achieve a tip which during turning is even better at
pressing snow under the ski, thereby giving the ski better glide
over a loose surface. The positive effect is achieved when the ski
is run on its edge on a loose surface, when the tip lies several
degrees flatter on the snow on a ski according to the present
invention than for example the existing skis with a tripartite
sliding surface according to WO 95/21662. This means that during
turning the tip with accelerated twisting of the tip's secondary
sole surfaces presses more snow under the ski than corresponding
skis with a tripartite sole in the sliding surface and phase-out of
the difference between the sole surfaces in the tip.
[0004] When the ski glides better on the snow during turning, this
makes it go faster. This is a general effect of the present
invention. However, the greatest benefits are during freestyle
skiing down difficult mountain sides. After landing from a
difficult jump, the skier must have skis that quickly come up out
of the snow, while at the same time being able to initiate a turn,
since the skier often has to manoeuvre himself away from dangerous
obstacles right in front of him. The design of the tip in
combination with the tripartite sliding surface together provide
the best maneuverability in such a situation.
[0005] There are special types of snow where accelerated twisting
of the lateral sole surfaces in the tip is particularly
advantageous. This is during freestyle skiing in deep snow when a
thin, non-bearing crust layer has formed on the snow. In this
situation normal skis have an unfortunate tendency to cut down into
the crust, thereby causing braking and "quivering" in the ski. By
means of the new design of the ski according to the present
invention, i.e. the new type of tip combined with a dynamic
three-dimensional sliding surface, however, the sole surfaces will
lie slightly flatter against the snow during turning, thereby
providing better lift and avoiding many of the problems experienced
by ordinary, flat skis in conditions of this kind.
DEFINITIONS
[0006] The primary sole surface 1 is the central sliding surface
which forms a part of the ski's total sliding surface. When the ski
(apart from the tip) is pressed completely flat against the surface
so that the longitudinal camber is not shown, this is the part of
the ski which touches the surface. If the transition (the angle)
between the primary sole surface and the secondary sole surfaces 3
is diffuse because the transition, when viewed in cross section, is
gradual via a slight rounding of the different sole surfaces, in
such cases portions which in cross section are located up to 0.5 mm
above the ground when the longitudinal camber is depressed are also
defined as belonging to the primary sole surface, while portions
which without longitudinal camber are located more than 0.5 mm
above the surface belong to the sliding surface's secondary sole
surfaces, when viewed in cross section. Here the lines J, K, L, M
in the figures mark the transition between the sole surfaces
according to this definition.
[0007] The tip's primary sole surface 2 is the extension of the
central sliding surface forwards in the tip, where this sole
surface here follows the upward curve in the tip, and possibly
correspondingly in the rear tip. To the extent that the tip
essentially consists of a left and a right secondary sliding
surface, the "keel" between the left and right secondary surfaces
will define the tip's primary sole surface.
[0008] The secondary sole surfaces 3 are located in the sliding
surface between the primary sole surface 1 and steel edges 5
arranged in the ski's longitudinal direction. When the ski (apart
from the tip) is pressed completely flat against the surface so
that the ski's camber in the longitudinal direction is not shown,
the secondary sole surfaces 3 are twisted substantially upwards
relative to the primary sole surface towards the transition between
the primary sole surface and the secondary sole surfaces and the
tip or tips provided in the ski, thereby ensuring that the steel
edges in the lateral sliding surfaces or the secondary sole
surfaces are essentially raised higher over the surface towards the
transition to the tip.
[0009] The tip's secondary sole surfaces 4 are located between the
tip's first sole surface and the steel edges. We see a cross
sectional view of the uplift of the steel edges relative to the
tip's primary sole surface from the transition (C, D) to the tip
and a few centimeters forward, and possibly correspondingly from
the transition (W, X) to the rear tip and a few cm backwards if
this is relevant.
[0010] The ski's edges are called steel edges 5 here since
iron/steel is the most commonly used material for edges. In
principle, however, any material whatever can be used which is hard
enough to give the desired functionality in the lateral edge
defining the sole.
[0011] The surface 6 is always shown flat and represents the ground
or the snow.
[0012] The following alphabetic designations are employed: [0013]
A. At the front of the tip [0014] B. Cross section approximately in
the centre of the tip [0015] C. The transition between the primary
sole surface 1 and the tip's primary sole surface 2 [0016] D.
Transition between the secondary sole surfaces 3 and the tip's
secondary sole surfaces 4 [0017] E. Cross section between D and F
[0018] F. The secondary sole surfaces 3 start here. This start does
not need to be the same on the right and left sides of the ski, but
is illustrated symmetrically here. [0019] G. The ski's narrowest
point [0020] j. Transition line between primary sole surface 1, 2
and secondary sole surface 3, 4 on the left side in front viewed
from below [0021] k. Transition line between primary sole surface
1, 2 and secondary sole surface 3, 4 on the left side in front
[0022] l. Transition line between primary sole surface 1, 2 and
secondary sole surface 3, 4 on the left side behind viewed from
below [0023] m. Transition line between primary sole surface 1, 2
and secondary sole surface 3, 4 on the right side at the rear
[0024] U. The secondary sole surfaces 3 start here if geometry with
split raised secondary sliding surfaces is employed on the rear
part. [0025] V. Cross section between U and W [0026] W. Transition
between the secondary sole surfaces 3 and the tip's secondary sole
surfaces 4 [0027] X. The transition between the primary sole
surface 1 and the rear tip's primary sole surface 2 [0028] Y. Cross
section approximately in the middle of the tip [0029] Z. The
rearmost part of the ski.
[0030] The invention consists in a ski which basically has a
tripartite sole in the sliding surface (three-dimensional
geometry). Thus the ski has a substantially flat central sliding
surface, the primary sole surface 1, which is located approximately
halfway between the steel edges 5, and then there are two lateral
sliding surfaces, the secondary sole surfaces 3, between the
primary sole surface and the steel edges 5 on each side thereof,
where these secondary sole surfaces form a substantially increasing
angle with the primary sole surface 1 when starting directly below
the bindings and moving towards each of the ends and the
transitions (C) and (X). In the figures the secondary sliding
surfaces start at F, and a cautious increase can be seen in the
uplift in the steel edges from the cross section in F to E and on
to D. From the cross section in D the uplift in the steel edges
increases more rapidly up to the cross section in B. Whether the
uplift increases or decreases from B and onwards is more a matter
of choice or taste. From B towards A the tip is so far above the
snow that it no longer is of such great practical importance.
[0031] The ski with the tripartite sliding surface may well be
completely flat from steel edge to steel edge in the middle where
the bindings are located, but at any rate over more than 10% of the
ski's sliding surface, when viewed in the longitudinal direction,
the ski should be provided with secondary sliding surfaces, and
preferably over at least 15%. At the transition (D) to the tip, the
angle between the primary sole surface 1 and the secondary sole
surfaces 3 has increased to at least 1 degree, preferably to at
least 2 degrees, and most preferred to more than 3 degrees at the
transition (D) between sliding surface and tip for the secondary
sole surfaces. The uplift in the steel edge 5 relative to the
primary sole surface 1 depends on the relative angle between the
primary sole surface 1 and the secondary sole surface 3 as well as
the width of the ski and the width of the secondary sole surfaces.
Thus, for example, a 3 degree angle between the sole surfaces in
cross section may correspond to anything from 1 mm to over 4 mm
uplift in the steel edge.
[0032] The angle between the tip's secondary lateral surfaces 4 and
the tip's primary sole surface 1 increases preferably by at least 1
degree, preferably by at least 2 degrees from D to B. Thereafter it
is optional whether this angle is permitted to return to zero from
B right up to the front of the tip, or whether the angle is
maintained or increased all the way forward. This degree of freedom
is due to the fact that the foremost part of the tip is of
relatively little importance.
[0033] Particularly if the sole surfaces are slightly rounded in
cross section, instead of angles between the respective sole
surfaces, the uplift may be viewed measured in mm for the steel
edge 5 relative to the tip's primary sole surface 2, but here too
the uplift varies with the width of the tip's secondary sole
surfaces, with the result that the same angle can give substantial
differences in mm uplift where 5 degrees uplift in the steel edge 5
in the tip can give anything from 1.5 mm to 7 mm uplift relative to
the tip's primary sole surface 2 in the tip. The uplift in the
steel edge 5 relative to the tip's primary sole surface 2 will
increase by more than 0.5 mm from the transition (D) between
sliding surface and tip until the uplift in the steel edge 5
relative to the tip's primary sole surface 2 has reached its
maximum. The uplift preferably increases by at least 1 mm, and
preferably more than 1.5 mm. Thereafter it is optional whether the
uplift is permitted to return to zero right up to the front of the
tip, or whether the uplift is maintained or increased all the way
forward.
[0034] In the area round the transition (C, D) to the tip (and
possibly (W, X) to the rear tip), therefore, an increase in the
uplift in the steel edges begins to be allowed, and the uplift
normally increases more rapidly outwards in the tip than it did
along the ordinary sliding surfaces 1, 3. This results in an
increase in the uplift in the steel edges forwards from C to B in
the tip, viewed in a section across the tip. When the tip narrows,
however, this uplift will generally decline. If connected steel
edges 5 are employed in the tip and they are without a break, it is
necessary for the steel edges to be continuous so that the uplift
measured in mm reaches zero at the front of the tip.
[0035] The invention's special functionality for the tip is of
great importance for the front tip, and it is therefore most
important to also employ this functionality in the rear tip when
the ski is designed for landing and skiing backwards from time to
time.
[0036] On this basis, therefore, it is an object of the present
invention to provide a ski with improved dynamic. This is achieved
with a ski which is characterised by the features which will be
apparent in the patent claims.
[0037] From WO 95/21662 a pair of Alpine skis is known with a flat
sliding surface and lateral sliding surfaces, where the sole's edge
is provided with an approximately continuous concave inward curve
in the steel edge along the ski between a first transition line
which defines the transition from a tip portion to a sliding
portion and a second transition line which defines the transition
from sliding portion to a rear portion. The lower lateral edge (the
steel edge) describes an approximately continuous curve between the
transition lines to the tips. The sole on both sides of the first
sliding surface comprises additional sliding surfaces extending
upwards from the edge of the first sliding surface to the lower
lateral edges on the ski with an upward curve. The upward curve in
the lower lateral edge of the additional sliding surfaces increases
substantially with the ski's increasing width in the direction of
the two transition lines towards the tips.
[0038] An Alpine ski as described in WO 95/21662 has proved to be
very well-suited to Alpine events and the angled sliding surfaces,
which with only a relatively slight edging of the ski can be
pressed into contact with the surface, provide improved turning
technique and surface grip.
[0039] The ski according to the present invention differs from
known ski designs in the proposition, amongst other things, that
the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4 which constitute the dynamic
difference, are located precisely in the tips outside the ski's
ordinary sliding surfaces 1, 3 (the primary sole surface and the
secondary sole surfaces). WO 95/21662 describes a solution for a
dynamically optimal geometry in the sliding surface, while here we
are looking at an optimal sliding surface of this kind combined
with an optimal design of the tip.
[0040] The invention will now be described in greater detail by
means of embodiments which are illustrated in the drawings. All the
figures depict skis according to the present invention specially
designed for improving lift during turning in combination with a
dynamic geometry in the sliding surface. In each figure the ski or
details thereof is shown from various sides:
[0041] FIG. 1 i) The ski viewed from the underside shows the sole
of the ski with dotted lines illustrating where there are smooth
transitions between various portions [0042] ii) The ski viewed from
the side. The uplift in the steel edge is slightly exaggerated in
order to illustrate the point [0043] iii) Cross section of the ski,
slightly enlarged relative to i) [0044] iv) On some skis the angle
between the tip's sole surfaces is continued right up to the tip,
and then the ski is viewed from in front in order to illustrate
this variant.
[0045] FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the ski according
to FIG. 1.
[0046] FIG. 3 illustrates a further embodiment of the ski according
to FIG. 1, and
[0047] FIGS. 4 to 8 illustrate further details and/or embodiments
of the ski according to FIG. 1.
[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates a ski according to the present invention
where the ski is provided with relatively wide secondary lateral
surfaces 3 with a gradually increasing upward curve in steel edge 5
up towards a transition D to a tip of the ski. The tip's central
sole surface 2 is curved upwards from a transition C. An angle
between primary sole surface 1, 2 (sole surface in ski and tip) and
the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4 increases from the transition
to the transition D and forwards in the tip to a cross section B
between the cross sections C and A. The increase in the angle
between the primary sole surface 1, 2 and the secondary sole
surfaces 3, 4 typically occurs more rapidly from the transitions D
to B than from the transitions F to D viewed per unit of length.
This causes the uplift of the steel edge 5 measured in mm to also
increase more rapidly from the transitions D to B than from the
transitions F to D. From the transition B and forwards the angle
between the primary sole surface 1, 2 and the secondary sole
surfaces 3, 4 is phased out until it is zero at the front of the
tip. This ski is partly twin tip and has a slightly more modest
rear tip than front tip, and here a tripartite sliding surface is
illustrated on the ski's rear part without any special
functionality being implemented in the rear tip.
[0049] FIG. 2 illustrates approximately the same geometry of the
ski as illustrated FIG. 1, but here the areas with secondary sole
surfaces 3, 4 are of a slightly narrower design. The most important
difference is that extra functionality is introduced with
increasing uplift in the rear tip all the way back to the steel
edge 5. In the sliding surface the ski has secondary sole surfaces
3 with a gradually increasing upward curve in the steel edge 5 up
to the transition C, D to the tip. The tip's primary sole surface 2
is curved upwardly from the transition C. As shown here, the extra
uplift of the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4 starts in the same
cross section C, D as the tip begins to curve upwards. The angle
between the tip's primary sole surface 2 and the tip's secondary
sole surfaces 4 increases from the transition to the transition C,
D and forwards in the tip to a transition B approximately halfway
to a point A. From the transition B and forwards, the angle between
the sole surfaces 2, 4 is kept constant, with the result that
viewed from in front iv) the tip appears with two small angles,
which is illustrated in a somewhat exaggerated way here. The same
applies to the rear tip. The uplift of the steel edge 5 viewed in
cross section relative to the sole surfaces 1, 2 measured in mm
increases more rapidly from transition D to B than from transition
F to D. From transition B and forwards the uplift measured in mm
approaches zero even though the angle between the sole surfaces 2,
4 is kept constant.
[0050] FIG. 3 illustrates a further embodiment of a ski according
to the present invention, where the ski is depicted with a
truncated rear tip. The uplift in the steel edge 5 starts in
transition F and increases cautiously up to transition D, from
where the uplift is accelerated up to transition B. From transition
B and forwards an angle (break) is maintained between the tip's
primary sole surface 2 and the tip's secondary sole surfaces 4, but
here the secondary sole surfaces 4 round the tip are continued
right up to point A, thereby preventing any breaks in the steel
edge 5 at any point in the tip. Left lateral sliding surface
(secondary sole surface) 3 is wider than right lateral sliding
surface (secondary sole surface) 3 viewed from below, in order to
illustrate a possible asymmetrical solution. This asymmetry is also
included in the tips. The accelerated uplift of the lateral sole
surface already begins here in transition D, even though the tip in
the central area begins in transition C. The uplift measured in mm
in the steel edges 5 relative to the primary sole surface 1, 2
increases more rapidly from transition D to B than from transition
F to D. On the ski's rear part the sliding surface is also divided
into three, but since there is only a small, blunt rear tip, the
increase in the uplift is terminated in the transition W, X to the
rear tip, and from there, for example, a constant angle is
maintained between the rear tip's sole surfaces 2, 4 all the way to
transition Z.
[0051] FIG. 4 illustrates a so-called twin tip ski. A version is
shown where the tip's primary sole surface 2 is reduced to a kind
of keel forwards in the tip. The front and rear have been given a
slightly different design in order to illustrate different
variants, and there is no functional reason for one variant being
at the front and the other at the rear. The uplift in the steel
edges 5 is viewed in cross section relative to this primary sole
surface or "keel" 2. The uplift measured in mm in the steel edges 5
relative to the lines j, k (m, l) increases more rapidly from the
transition D (W) to B (Y) than from transition F (U) to D (W).
[0052] FIG. 5 i) illustrates a twin tip ski, where this twin tip
ski has a primary sole surface 1 defined by the flat portion under
the bindings and the portion of the ski touching the surface when
the ski is pressed against the surface, thereby causing the camber
to be pressed flat and the whole primary sole surface 1 to touch
the ground. iii) Here the transition between primary sole surface 1
and the second sole surfaces 3 is diffuse (not so clear), since the
transition between the sole surfaces 1, 3 is slow via a slight
rounding, when viewed in cross section. In cases of diffuse
transitions, portions which in cross section are located up to 0.5
mm over the ground when the longitudinal camber is depressed are
also defined as belonging to or part of the primary sole surface 1,
while portions located more than 0.5 mm over the surface belong to
or are a part of the sliding surface's secondary sole surfaces 3.
The lines j, k, l, m here mark the transition between the sole
surfaces according to this definition. The slight curvature viewed
in cross section in the primary sole surface 1 continues into the
tip's primary sole surface 2. The dynamic in the ski is improved if
the portions nearest the steel edges 5 are as flat as possible, so
here a cross section of the lateral sole surfaces 3, 4 is
illustrated as straight the last 2-4 cm nearest the steel edges 5,
but a slight curvature does not provide such a great difference
dynamically. The uplift measured in mm in the steel edges 5 is
measured relative to the middle of the primary sole surface 1 if it
is slightly curved. The uplift in the steel edges increases more
rapidly from transition D to B than from transition F to D per unit
of length. In order to better illustrate the curvature in the
surfaces, the angles in the cross sections are exaggerated in the
order of 2-4 times what we consider to be optimal from the dynamic
point of view. Here too differences are shown at the front and rear
of the ski in order to illustrate different design variants.
[0053] FIG. 6 illustrates a typical ski with a truncated rear tip,
and a possible design of the sliding surface where there are only
secondary sole surfaces on the ski's front portion. The uplift in
the steel edges increases more rapidly from transition D to B than
from transition F to D per unit of length.
[0054] FIG. 7 illustrates a twin tip ski with special raised edges
in the middle in order to be able to slide sideways on rails and
boxes (not shown) without catching the steel edges 5 so easily in
rough patches in the rail or box. The uplift in the steel edges 5
in the middle is considered to be an extra functionality which has
no bearing on the invention. According to the present invention the
ski is provided with a tripartite sliding surface at the front and
also the rear. The tip's primary sole surface 2 is reduced
successively forwards from transition D, thereby splitting the
front part of the tip's sole surface into two parts in the right
and left secondary sole surface 4 towards the point A. In order to
illustrate possibilities for variation, a slightly different
version of the ski's rear part is shown.
[0055] FIG. 8 i) illustrates a ski where the flat sliding surface
is divided into a right and left secondary sole surface 3 without
retaining any flat sliding surface (primary sole surface) 1 between
them, with the result that the flat sliding surface (primary sole
surface) 1 is composed of a keel. From transition C, D the upward
curve in the steel edge 5 is further increased relative to the
keel. Here we have chosen to continue the angular increase between
the secondary lateral surfaces right up to the point A. iv). This
is seen in a characteristic break in the middle of the tip when
viewed from in front.
[0056] Every variant which is illustrated on a sufficiently large
tip can be used on all types of ski, whether it be a ski of the
twin tip type, twin tip with a small rear tip or a ski with an
ordinary tip and truncated rear tip.
[0057] In the sliding surface the secondary sole surfaces 3 will
substantially twist upwards relative to the primary sole surface 1
and this twisting will increase at the transition D and some
distance forwards in the tip to transition B.
[0058] Five tables are now set up illustrating skis of different
lengths according to the present invention, and with examples of
the uplift in the steel edges 5 relative to primary sole surface 1,
2, when viewed in cross section. Uplift and geometry are
deliberately varied in order to illustrate different possibilities
within the scope of the invention.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 One possible example of a directional ski
1650 mm long according to invention Total width Total width Length
Length Sidecut at C (mm) at G (mm) C-G (mm) G-X (mm) radius. 114.0
65 780 720 12429 Width of Width of Uplift of Calculated Angle
Distance the primary each of the steel edge(5) Steps of between
primary from Total width sole (1, 2) secondary(3, 4) relative
primary steel edge and the tip of the ski surface sole surfaces
sole(1, 2) uplift Cross secondary sole (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm) section (degrees) 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 A 30 85 28 28 1.00 -1.00
2.02 60 103 34 34 2.50 -1.50 4.18 90 111 37 37 3.50 -1.00 B 5.43
120 114 38 38 2.50 1.00 C 3.77 150 110 37 37 1.90 0.60 D 2.97 180
107 36 36 1.73 0.18 2.78 210 103 34 34 1.56 0.17 2.59 240 100 33 33
1.39 0.16 2.40 270 97 32 32 1.24 0.16 2.20 300 94 31 31 1.09 0.15
1.99 330 91 30 30 0.95 0.14 E 1.79 360 88 29 29 0.81 0.13 1.58 390
86 29 29 0.69 0.13 1.37 420 84 28 28 0.57 0.12 1.17 450 81 27 27
0.45 0.11 0.96 480 79 26 26 0.35 0.11 0.76 510 77 26 26 0.25 0.10
0.56 540 75 25 25 0.16 0.09 0.37 570 74 25 25 0.08 0.08 0.18 600 72
72 0 0 0.08 F 630 71 71 0 0 660 70 70 0 0 If each part 690 69 69 0
0 of the cross 720 68 68 0 0 section of 750 67 67 0 0 the ski's
sole 780 66 66 0 0 were totally 810 66 66 0 0 straight, then 840 65
65 0 0 the angle 870 65 65 0 0 between 900 65 65 0 0 G the primary
930 65 65 0 0 sole (1, 2) 960 65 65 0 0 and the 990 66 66 0 0
secondary 1020 66 66 0 0 sole (3, 4) 1050 67 67 0 0 would 1080 68
68 0 0 have these 1110 69 69 0 0 theoretical 1140 70 70 0 0 figures
1170 71 71 0 0 1200 72 72 0 0 U 1230 74 25 25 0.08 -0.08 0.18 1260
75 25 25 0.16 -0.08 0.37 1290 77 26 26 0.25 -0.09 0.56 1320 79 26
26 0.35 -0.10 0.76 1350 81 27 27 0.45 -0.11 0.96 1380 84 28 28 0.57
-0.11 1.17 1410 86 29 29 0.69 -0.12 1.37 1440 88 29 29 0.81 -0.13 V
1.58 1470 91 30 30 0.95 -0.13 1.79 1500 94 31 31 1.09 -0.14 1.99
1530 97 32 32 1.24 -0.15 2.20 1560 100 33 33 1.39 -0.16 2.40 1590
103 34 34 1.56 -0.16 2.59 1620 107 36 36 1.73 -0.17 X 2.78 1650 100
33 33 1.90 -0.17 Z 3.27 This ski has normal uplift from F to D, and
then the uplift increases from D to B as described by the invention
This ski has no special uplift at rear tip, it carries the uplift
backwards with no substantial increase from X to Z
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 One possible example of a twin tip ski 1710
mm long according to invention Total width Total width Length
Length Sidecut at C (mm) at G (mm) C-G (mm) G-X (mm) radius. 110.0
77 750 690 17054 Width of Width of Uplift of Calculated Angle
Distance the primary each of the steel edge(5) Steps of between
primary from Total width sole (1, 2) secondary(3, 4) relative
primary steel edge and the tip of the ski surface sole surfaces
sole(1, 2) uplift Cross secondary sole (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm) section (degrees) 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 A 30 85.0 5 40.0 2.00
-2.00 2.87 60 100.0 10 45.0 4.00 -2.00 5.10 90 107.0 15 46.0 5.00
-1.00 B 6.24 120 110.0 20 45.0 4.80 0.20 6.13 150 110.0 25 42.5
3.80 1.00 C 5.13 180 107.4 30 38.7 2.90 0.90 4.30 210 104.9 35 35.0
2.28 0.62 D 3.75 240 102.6 35 33.8 2.09 0.19 3.56 270 100.3 35 32.6
1.91 0.18 3.36 300 98.1 35 31.6 1.74 0.17 3.16 330 96.1 35 30.5
1.57 0.16 2.96 360 94.1 35 29.6 1.42 0.16 2.75 390 92.3 35 28.6
1.27 0.15 2.54 420 90.5 35 27.8 1.13 0.14 2.34 450 88.9 35 26.9
1.00 0.13 E 2.13 480 87.3 35 26.2 0.88 0.12 1.92 510 85.9 35 25.5
0.76 0.11 1.72 540 84.6 35 24.8 0.66 0.11 1.52 570 83.4 35 24.2
0.56 0.10 If each part 600 82.3 35 23.6 0.47 0.09 of the cross 630
81.3 35 23.1 0.39 0.08 section of 660 80.4 35 22.7 0.32 0.07 the
ski's sole 690 79.6 35 22.3 0.26 0.06 were totally 720 78.9 35 21.9
0.20 0.05 straight, then 750 78.3 35 21.7 0.16 0.05 the angle 780
77.8 35 21.4 0.12 0.04 between 810 77.5 35 21.2 0.09 0.03 the
primary 840 77.2 35 21.1 0.07 0.02 sole (1, 2) 870 77.1 35 21.0
0.05 0.01 and the 900 77.0 35 21.0 0.05 0.00 F, G, U secondary 930
77.1 35 21.0 0.05 0.00 sole (3, 4) 960 77.2 35 21.1 0.07 -0.01
would 990 77.5 35 21.2 0.09 -0.02 have these 1020 77.8 35 21.4 0.12
-0.03 theoretical 1050 78.3 35 21.7 0.16 -0.04 figures 1080 78.9 35
21.9 0.20 -0.05 0.53 1110 79.6 35 22.3 0.26 -0.05 0.66 1140 80.4 35
22.7 0.32 -0.06 0.81 1170 81.3 35 23.1 0.39 -0.07 0.97 1200 82.3 35
23.6 0.47 -0.08 1.15 1230 83.4 35 24.2 0.56 -0.09 1.33 1260 84.6 35
24.8 0.66 -0.10 1.52 1290 85.9 35 25.5 0.76 -0.11 V 1.72 1320 87.3
35 26.2 0.88 -0.11 1.92 1350 88.9 35 26.9 1.00 -0.12 2.13 1380 90.5
35 27.8 1.13 -0.13 2.34 1410 92.3 35 28.6 1.27 -0.14 2.54 1440 94.1
35 29.6 1.42 -0.15 2.75 1470 96.1 35 30.5 1.57 -0.16 2.96 1500 98.1
35 31.6 1.74 -0.16 3.16 1530 100.3 30 35.1 1.91 -0.17 W 3.12 1560
102.6 25 38.8 2.80 -0.89 4.14 1590 104.9 20 42.5 3.50 -0.70 X 4.73
1620 105.0 15 45.0 4.00 -0.50 Y 5.10 1650 100.0 10 45.0 3.00 1.00
3.82 1680 80.0 5 37.5 1.50 1.50 2.29 1710 0.0 0 0.0 0.00 1.50 Z
This ski has uplifted steeledges along the entire sole, from G, F,
U to D and W, and then the uplift increases from I and from W to Y
as described by the invention
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 One possible example of a twin tip ski 1740
mm long according to invention Total width Total width Length
Length Sidecut at C (mm) at G (mm) C-G (mm) G-X (mm) radius. 115.0
85 720 720 17288 Width of Width of Uplift of Calculated Angle
Distance the primary each of the steel edge(5) Steps of between
primary from Total width sole (1, 2) secondary(3, 4) relative
primary steel edge and the tip of the ski surface sole surfaces
sole(1, 2) uplift Cross secondary sole (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm) section (degrees) 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 A 30 85.0 3 41.0 2.00
-2.00 2.80 60 100.0 6 47.0 4.00 -2.00 4.88 90 108.0 9 49.5 4.50
-0.50 B 5.22 120 113.0 12 50.5 4.20 0.30 4.77 150 115.0 15 50.0
3.70 0.50 C 4.25 180 112.6 18 47.3 3.20 0.50 3.88 210 110.2 21 44.6
2.80 0.40 D 3.60 240 108.0 24 42.0 2.49 0.31 3.40 270 105.8 27 39.4
2.19 0.30 3.18 300 103.8 30 36.9 1.90 0.28 2.96 330 101.9 33 34.4
1.63 0.27 2.72 360 100.0 36 32.0 1.38 0.26 E 2.47 390 98.3 39 29.7
1.14 0.24 2.20 420 96.7 42 27.4 0.91 0.23 1.91 450 95.2 45 25.1
0.70 0.21 1.60 480 93.8 48 22.9 0.50 0.20 1.26 510 92.5 51 20.7
0.32 0.18 0.88 540 91.3 54 18.6 0.15 0.17 0.47 570 90.2 90 0.0 0.00
0.15 F 0.00 600 89.2 89 0.0 0.00 0.00 630 88.3 88 0.0 0.00 If each
part 660 87.6 88 0.0 0.00 of the cross 690 86.9 87 0.0 0.00 section
of 720 86.3 86 0.0 0.00 the ski's sole 750 85.8 86 0.0 0.00 were
totally 780 85.5 85 0.0 0.00 straight, then 810 85.2 85 0.0 0.00
the angle 840 85.1 85 0.0 0.00 between 870 85.0 85 0.0 0.00 G the
primary 900 85.1 85 0.0 0.00 sole (1, 2) 930 85.2 85 0.0 0.00 and
the 960 85.5 85 0.0 0.00 secondary 990 85.8 86 0.0 0.00 sole (3, 4)
1020 86.3 86 0.0 0.00 would 1050 86.9 87 0.0 0.00 have these 1080
87.6 88 0.0 0.00 theoretical 1110 88.3 88 0.0 0.00 figures 1140
89.2 89 0.0 0.00 1170 90.2 90 0.0 0.00 0.00 U 0 1200 91.3 54 18.6
0.15 -0.15 0.47 1230 92.5 51 20.7 0.32 -0.17 0.88 1260 93.8 48 22.9
0.50 -0.18 1.26 1290 95.2 45 25.1 0.70 -0.20 1.60 1320 96.7 42 27.4
0.91 -0.21 1.91 1350 98.3 39 29.7 1.14 -0.23 2.20 1380 100.0 36
32.0 1.38 -0.24 V 2.47 1410 101.9 33 34.4 1.63 -0.26 2.72 1440
103.8 30 36.9 1.90 -0.27 2.96 1470 105.8 27 39.4 2.19 -0.28 3.18
1500 108.0 24 42.0 2.49 -0.30 3.40 1530 110.2 21 44.6 2.80 -0.31 W
3.60 1560 112.6 18 47.3 3.20 -0.40 3.88 1590 115.0 15 50.0 3.70
-0.50 X 4.25 1620 113.0 12 50.5 4.20 -0.50 Y 4.77 1650 108.0 9 49.5
4.50 -0.30 5.22 1680 100.0 6 47.0 4.00 0.50 4.88 1710 85.0 3 41.0
2.00 2.00 2.80 1740 0.0 0 0.0 0.00 2.00 Z This ski has normal
uplift from F to D, and then the uplift increases from D to B as
described by the invention This ski has normal uplift from U to W,
and then the uplift increases from W to Y as described by the
invention
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 One possible example of a ski 1800 mm long
with a smaller rear tip according to invention Total width Total
width Length Length Sidecut at C (mm) at G (mm) C-G (mm) G-X (mm)
radius. 140.0 86 990 750 18164 Width of Width of Uplift of
Calculated Angle Distance the primary each of the steel edge(5)
Steps of between primary from Total width sole (1, 2) secondary(3,
4) relative primary steel edge and the tip of the ski surface sole
surfaces sole(1, 2) uplift Cross secondary sole (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm) section (degrees) 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 A 30 100.0 0 50.0
3.00 -3.00 60 122.0 0 61.0 5.00 -2.00 4.70 90 132.0 10 61.0 7.00
-2.00 6.59 120 137.0 20 58.5 7.50 -0.50 B 7.37 150 140.0 30 55.0
6.80 0.70 C 7.11 180 136.8 34 51.3 5.50 1.30 6.16 210 133.6 33 50.1
4.20 1.30 D 4.81 240 130.6 33 49.0 3.30 0.90 3.86 270 127.7 32 47.9
2.50 0.80 2.99 300 124.9 31 46.8 1.80 0.70 E 2.20 330 122.1 31 45.8
1.20 0.60 1.50 360 119.5 30 44.8 0.70 0.50 0.90 390 117.0 29 43.9
0.30 0.40 0.39 420 114.6 115 0.0 0 0.30 F 450 112.2 112 0.0 0 480
110.0 110 0.0 0 If each part 510 107.9 108 0.0 0 of the cross 540
105.8 106 0.0 0 section of 570 103.9 104 0.0 0 the ski's sole 600
102.1 102 0.0 0 were totally 630 100.3 100 0.0 0 straight, then 660
98.7 99 0.0 0 the angle 690 97.2 97 0.0 0 between 720 95.7 96 0.0 0
the primary 750 94.4 94 0.0 0 sole (1, 2) 780 93.1 93 0.0 0 and the
810 92.0 92 0.0 0 secondary 840 91.0 91 0.0 0 sole (3, 4) 870 90.0
90 0.0 0 would 900 89.2 89 0.0 0 have these 930 88.4 88 0.0 0
theoretical 960 87.8 88 0.0 0 figures 990 87.2 87 0.0 0 1020 86.8
87 0.0 0 1050 86.4 86 0.0 0 1080 86.2 86 0.0 0 1110 86.0 86 0.0 0
1140 86.0 86 0.0 0 1170 86.0 86 0.0 0 1200 86.2 86 0.0 0 1230 86.4
86 0.0 0 1260 86.8 87 0.0 0 1290 87.2 87 0.0 0 1320 87.8 88 0.0 0
1350 88.4 88 0.0 0 1380 89.2 89 0.0 0 1410 90.0 90 0.0 0 1440 91.0
91 0.0 0 1470 92.0 92 0.0 0 1500 93.1 93 0.0 0 1530 94.4 94 0.0 0
1560 95.7 96 0.0 0 1590 97.2 97 0.0 0 1620 98.7 99 0.0 0 1650 100.3
100 0.0 0 1680 102.1 102 0.0 0 1710 103.9 104 0.0 0 1740 105.8 106
0.0 0 X 1770 95.0 95 0.0 0 1800 0.0 0 0.0 0 Z The ski has normal
uplift from F to D, and then the uplift accelerates from D to C as
described by the invention, and the uplift reaches the maximum
uplift in B. This ski has no uplifted secondary soles at the rear
end.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 One possible example of a directional twin
tip ski 1850 mm long according to invention Total width Total width
Length Length Sidecut at C (mm) at G (mm) C-G (mm) G-X (mm) radius.
150.0 122 810 720 23439 Width of Width of Uplift of Calculated
Angle Distance the primary each of the steel edge(5) Steps of
between primary from Total width sole (1, 2) secondary(3, 4)
relative primary steel edge Cross and the tip of the ski surface
sole surfaces sole(1, 2) uplift section secondary sole (mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) section (degrees) 0 0.00 0.00 A 30 100.0 0 50.0
1.00 -1.00 1.15 60 125.0 0 62.5 3.00 -2.00 2.75 90 137.0 0 68.5
5.00 -2.00 4.19 120 144.0 0 72.0 6.00 -1.00 B 4.78 150 148.0 0 74.0
5.50 0.50 4.26 180 150.0 15 67.5 4.50 1.00 C 3.82 210 148.0 30 59.0
3.50 1.00 D 3.41 240 146.0 45 50.5 3.19 0.31 3.62 270 144.1 45 49.6
2.89 0.30 3.34 300 142.3 45 48.7 2.60 0.29 3.07 330 140.6 45 47.8
2.32 0.28 2.79 360 138.9 45 47.0 2.06 0.26 2.51 390 137.4 45 46.2
1.81 0.25 E 2.24 420 135.9 45 45.4 1.57 0.24 1.98 450 134.4 45 44.7
1.34 0.23 1.72 480 133.1 45 44.0 1.13 0.22 1.47 510 131.8 45 43.4
0.92 0.20 1.22 540 130.6 45 42.8 0.73 0.19 0.98 570 129.5 45 42.3
0.55 0.18 0.75 600 128.5 45 41.7 0.39 0.17 0.53 630 127.5 45 41.3
0.23 0.15 0.33 660 126.6 45 40.8 0.09 0.14 F 0.13 690 125.8 126 0.0
0 720 125.1 125 0.0 0 If each part 750 124.5 124 0.0 0 of the cross
780 123.9 124 0.0 0 section of 810 123.4 123 0.0 0 the ski's sole
840 123.0 123 0.0 0 were totally 870 122.6 123 0.0 0 straight, then
900 122.3 122 0.0 0 the angle 930 122.2 122 0.0 0 between 960 122.0
122 0.0 0 the primary 990 122.0 122 0.0 0 sole (1, 2) 1020 122.0
122 0.0 0 and the 1050 122.2 122 0.0 0 secondary 1080 122.3 122 0.0
0 sole (3, 4) 1110 122.6 123 0.0 0 would 1140 123.0 123 0.0 0 have
these 1170 123.4 123 0.0 0 theoretical 1200 123.9 124 0.0 0 figures
1230 124.5 124 0.0 0 1260 125.1 125 0.0 0 1290 125.8 126 0.0 0 U
1320 126.6 40 43.3 0.09 -0.09 0.12 1350 127.5 40 43.8 0.23 -0.14
0.31 1380 128.5 40 44.2 0.39 -0.15 0.50 1410 129.5 40 44.8 0.55
-0.17 0.71 1440 130.6 40 45.3 0.73 -0.18 0.93 1470 131.8 40 45.9
0.92 -0.19 1.15 1500 133.1 40 46.5 1.13 -0.20 V 1.39 1530 134.4 40
47.2 1.34 -0.22 1.63 1560 135.9 40 47.9 1.57 -0.23 1.88 1590 137.4
40 48.7 1.81 -0.24 2.13 1620 138.9 40 49.5 2.06 -0.25 2.39 1650
140.6 40 50.3 2.32 -0.26 2.65 1680 142.3 40 51.2 2.60 -0.28 2.92
1710 144.1 40 52.1 2.89 -0.29 W, X 3.18 1740 142.0 40 51.0 4.00
-1.11 Y 4.50 1770 138.0 40 49.0 4.00 0.00 4.68 1800 130.0 40 45.0
2.50 1.50 3.19 1830 110.0 40 35.0 1.00 1.50 1.64 1860 0.0 0.0 0.00
1.00 Z This ski has normal uplift from F to D, and then the uplift
increases from D to B as described by the invention This ski has
normal uplift from U to W, and then the uplift increases from W to
Y as described by the invention
[0059] It should be apparent from the above that despite choice and
combination of special features which are partly known from already
known skis, many modifications are possible. The invention is based
on the combination of selected features in such a manner that a
result is produced with a unique and improved functionality for the
ski, where the described three-dimensional geometry for the sliding
surface is accelerated into the tip, thereby retaining the
three-dimensional geometry's general positive functionality, while
adding the tip functionality particularly for use in loose snow and
slush.
* * * * *