U.S. patent application number 14/169981 was filed with the patent office on 2014-05-29 for systems and methods for duplicating keys.
This patent application is currently assigned to KeyMe, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is KeyMe, Inc.. Invention is credited to Kristopher Borer, Jayeon Kim, Gregory Marsh, Paige Pruitt, Zachary Salzbank.
Application Number | 20140148941 14/169981 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48694824 |
Filed Date | 2014-05-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140148941 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Marsh; Gregory ; et
al. |
May 29, 2014 |
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DUPLICATING KEYS
Abstract
Systems and methods for duplicating keys are provided. In some
embodiments, a system for creating keys is provided, the system
comprising: a kiosk comprising: a key scanner capturing geometric
information of a key; and a hardware processor that: receives
security information; automatically determines a key type and bit
heights of the key and causes these, along with first identifying
information based on the first security information, to be stored
at a remote storage device; receives second security information
corresponding to second identifying information; verifies the
second security information and, in response, identifies stored
geometric information about one or more keys that can be made,
wherein the stored geometric information includes geometric
information corresponding to the second security information; and a
key shaping device that creates a third key using the second
geometric information.
Inventors: |
Marsh; Gregory; (Granite
Bay, CA) ; Borer; Kristopher; (New York, NY) ;
Salzbank; Zachary; (Port Washington, NY) ; Kim;
Jayeon; (Bayside, NY) ; Pruitt; Paige; (Half
Moon Bay, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
KeyMe, Inc. |
Long Island City |
NY |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
KeyMe, Inc.
Long Island City
NY
|
Family ID: |
48694824 |
Appl. No.: |
14/169981 |
Filed: |
January 31, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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13734032 |
Jan 4, 2013 |
8682468 |
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14169981 |
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61582990 |
Jan 4, 2012 |
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61602456 |
Feb 23, 2012 |
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61656832 |
Jun 7, 2012 |
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61683794 |
Aug 16, 2012 |
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61691396 |
Aug 21, 2012 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
700/186 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06K 9/00 20130101; G05B
2219/49004 20130101; G05B 19/0426 20130101; G06K 9/2054 20130101;
B23C 2235/41 20130101; B29C 64/386 20170801; B33Y 50/02 20141201;
B23C 3/35 20130101; G06Q 20/18 20130101; B23C 2235/12 20130101;
B33Y 80/00 20141201; G05B 15/02 20130101; B33Y 50/00 20141201 |
Class at
Publication: |
700/186 |
International
Class: |
G05B 19/042 20060101
G05B019/042 |
Claims
1. A system for creating keys, the system comprising: a kiosk
comprising: a key scanner that captures first geometric information
about a first key; and a hardware processor that: receives first
security information specified by a first particular user and
identifying the first particular user; automatically determines a
key type of the first key from a plurality of known key types based
on the captured geometric information about the first key;
automatically determines bit heights of the first key based on the
captured geometric information about the first key; causes the
first geometric information, including the key type of the first
key and the bit heights of the first key, and first identifying
information based on the first security information to be stored at
a remote storage device; receives second security information,
wherein the second security information corresponds to second
identifying information associated with a second particular user,
but not the first identifying information; verifies that the second
security information corresponds to the second identifying
information; identifies stored geometric information about one or
more keys that can be made in response to verifying that the second
security information corresponds to the second identifying
information, wherein the stored geometric information includes
second geometric information, including the key type of a second
key and the bit heights of the second key, but does not include the
first geometric information; and receives the second geometric
information from the remote storage device based on the
verification that the second security information corresponds to
the second identifying information; and a key shaping device that
creates a third key using the second geometric information,
including the key type of the second key and the bit heights of the
second key.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the remote storage device is a
server.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the remote storage device is a
portable electronic device.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the kiosk further comprises an
input device, and wherein the hardware processor also: indicates to
the user an identity of the one or more keys for which geometric
information is stored in the stored geometric information using a
display coupled to the hardware processor upon verifying the second
security information; and receives an identification from the input
device of a key to create from the displayed identity
information.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the input device comprises at
least one of the following: a biometric sensor, a keypad, a
keyboard, a touchscreen, an image sensor, and a near-field
communication receiver.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the first security
information and the second security information comprises at least
one of the following: a username, a password, biometric information
of the user, a barcode, a Quick Response code, a radio signal
encoded with account information, and a light signal encoded with
account information.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the third key is created from a
key blank stored in one of a plurality of magazines that are each
configured to hold a plurality of key blanks
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of magazines are
arranged on a rotating carousel.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the key shaping device comprises:
a computer numerical control device; and a shaping tool.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the key shaping device comprises
an additive manufacturing device, and wherein the third key is
created from material used by the additive manufacturing
device.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein a material used to create the
third key includes at least one of the following: key blanks,
plastic, and stock material.
12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a movement device
that moves material used to create the third key from a key
material storage area to the first key shaping device.
13. A system for creating keys, the system comprising: a computing
device comprising: a storage device; and a first hardware processor
that: receives first geometric information about a first key from a
first source, wherein the first geometric information includes a
first key type of the first key and first bit heights of the first
key determined based on geometric information about the first key
captured at the first source; receives first identifying
information identifying a first particular user based on first
security information specified by the first particular user in
connection with the first geometric information; causes the first
geometric information and the first identifying information to be
stored at the storage device; receives second geometric information
about a second key from a second source, wherein the second
geometric information includes a second key type of the second key
and second bit heights of the second key determined based on
geometric information about the second key captured at the second
source; receives second identifying information identifying a
second particular user based on second security information
specified by the second particular user in connection with the
second geometric information; and causes the second geometric
information and the second identifying information to be stored at
the storage device; and a kiosk, which does not correspond to the
first source and which does not correspond to the second source,
comprising: a communication network interface; a second hardware
processor that: receives third security information, wherein the
third security information corresponds to the first identifying
information but not the second identifying information; verifies
that the third security information corresponds to the first
identifying information; identifies stored geometric information
about one or more keys that can be made in response to verifying
that the third security information corresponds to the first
security information, wherein the stored geometric information
includes the first geometric information but does not include the
second geometric information; and receives the first geometric
information from the storage device using the first communication
network interface based on the verification that the third security
information corresponds to the first security information; and a
key shaping device that creates a third key based on the first
geometric information, including the first key type and the first
bit heights.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the communication network
interface includes a wireless network interface.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the first key type and the
first bit heights are determined using machine learning techniques
to recognize features of the first key based on the geometric
information about the first key captured at the first source.
16. A method for creating keys, the method comprising: receiving,
at a kiosk, first security information specified by a first
particular user and identifying the first particular user;
capturing, using a key scanner of the kiosk, first geometric
information about a first key; and automatically determining a key
type of the first key from a plurality of known key types based on
the captured geometric information about the first key;
automatically determining bit heights of the first key based on the
captured geometric information about the first key; causing the
first geometric information, including the key type of the first
key and the bit heights of the first key, and first identifying
information based on the first security information to be stored at
a remote storage device; receiving second security information,
wherein the second security information corresponds to second
identifying information associated with a second particular user,
but not the first identifying information; verifying that the
second security information corresponds to the second identifying
information; identifying stored geometric information about one or
more keys that can be made in response to verifying that the second
security information corresponds to the second identifying
information, wherein the stored geometric information includes
second geometric information, including the key type of a second
key and the bit heights of the second key, but does not include the
first geometric information; and receiving the second geometric
information from the remote storage device based on the
verification that the second security information corresponds to
the second identifying information; and creating a third key using
the second geometric information, including the key type of the
second key and the bit heights of the second key.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the remote storage device is a
server.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the remote storage device is a
portable electronic device.
19. The method of claim 16, further comprising: indicating to the
user an identity of the one or more keys for which geometric
information is stored in the stored geometric information using a
display coupled to the hardware processor upon verifying the second
security information; and receiving, from an input device coupled
to a hardware processor of the kiosk, an identification of a key to
create from the displayed identity information.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the input device comprises at
least one of the following: a biometric sensor, a keypad, a
keyboard, a touchscreen, an image sensor, and a near-field
communication receiver.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein each of the first security
information and the second security information comprises at least
one of the following: a username, a password, biometric information
of the user, a barcode, a Quick Response code, a radio signal
encoded with account information, and a light signal encoded with
account information.
22. The method of claim 16, wherein the third key is created from a
key blank stored in one of a plurality of magazines that are each
configured to hold a plurality of key blanks
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the plurality of magazines are
arranged on a rotating carousel.
24. The method of claim 16, wherein the third key is created using
a key shaping device comprising: a computer numerical control
device; and a shaping tool.
25. The method of claim 16, wherein the third key is created using
an additive manufacturing device, and wherein the third key is
created from material used by the additive manufacturing
device.
26. The method of claim 16, wherein a material used to create the
third key includes at least one of the following: key blanks,
plastic, and stock material.
27. The method of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises
moving material used to create the third key from a key material
storage area to a key shaping device.
28. A method for creating keys, the method comprising: receiving,
using a first hardware processor, first geometric information about
a first key from a first source, wherein the first geometric
information includes a first key type of the first key and first
bit heights of the first key determined based on geometric
information about the first key captured at the first source;
receiving, using the first hardware processor, first identifying
information identifying a first particular user based on first
security information specified by the first particular user in
connection with the first geometric information; causing, using the
first hardware processor, the first geometric information and the
first identifying information to be stored in a storage device
coupled to the first hardware processor; receiving, using the first
hardware processor, second geometric information about a second key
from a second source, wherein the second geometric information
includes a second key type of the second key and second bit heights
of the second key determined based on geometric information about
the second key captured at the second source; receiving, using the
first hardware processor, second identifying information
identifying a second particular user based on second security
information specified by the second particular user in connection
with the second geometric information; causing, using the first
hardware processor, the second geometric information and the second
identifying information to be stored in the storage device coupled
to the first hardware processor; receiving, using a second hardware
processor, third security information, wherein the third security
information corresponds to the first identifying information but
not the second identifying information; verifying, using the second
hardware processor, that the third security information corresponds
to the first identifying information; identifying, using the second
hardware processor, stored geometric information about one or more
keys that can be made in response to verifying that the third
security information corresponds to the first security information,
wherein the stored geometric information includes the first
geometric information but does not include the second geometric
information; receiving, using a communication network interface
coupled to the second hardware processor, the first geometric
information from the storage device based on the verification that
the third security information corresponds to the first security
information; and creating a third key based on the first geometric
information, including the first key type and the first bit
heights, received by the second hardware processor.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the communication network
interface includes a wireless network interface.
30. The method of claim 28, wherein the first key type and the
first bit heights are determined using machine learning techniques
to recognize features of the first key based on the geometric
information about the first key based on the first geometric
information.
Description
cross-reference to related applications
[0001] This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.120
of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/734,032, filed Jan. 4, 2013,
which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
61/691,396, filed Aug. 21, 2012, U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/683,794, filed Aug. 16, 2012, U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 61/656,832, filed Jun. 7, 2012, U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 61/602,456, filed Feb. 23, 2012,
and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/582,990, filed Jan.
4, 2012. Each of the above-referenced patent applications is hereby
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The disclosed subject matter relates to systems and methods
for duplicating keys.
BACKGROUND
[0003] A lock and key are used as one way of limiting access to
places (e.g. homes, places of business, storage, etc.) and other
types of property (e.g., vehicles, etc.) to a person in possession
of a key that can operate the lock. A problem arises when a person
who would normally be authorized to enter or use the property
protected by the lock does not have physical access to the
appropriate key. For example, if a user locks themselves out of
their home with the key inside, they cannot gain access to the home
because they do not have access to the key. As another example, if
a user loses a key to a safe, the user cannot access property that
may be inside the safe. One way that users solve the problem is by
calling a skilled locksmith that is able to open the lock without a
key and/or is able to create a new key for the lock without using
an existing key as a template. However, skilled locksmiths are
expensive and may not be readily available when the user is in
need. Another way that users solve the problem is by hiding a copy
of an important key in a place that is not secure, such as under a
doormat or in a fake rock placed somewhere accessible by the user.
This presents a security risk as a person other than the user can
use the hidden key to gain access to the lock.
[0004] Therefore, there is a need for mechanisms for duplicating
keys that do not require the services of a skilled locksmith and
are secure, among other things.
SUMMARY
[0005] In accordance with various embodiments of the disclosed
subject matter, systems and methods for duplicating keys are
provided.
[0006] In accordance with some embodiments, systems for creating
keys are provided, the systems comprising: at least one hardware
processor that: receives security information from a user; and
receives geometric information about a first key associated with
the security information from a storage device; and a key shaping
device that creates a second key using the geometric
information.
[0007] In some embodiments, systems for creating keys are provided,
the systems comprising: a key receiver that receives a first key; a
key scanner that captures geometric information about the first
key; a hardware processor that determines a key type and bitting
pattern of the first key based on the geometric information; and a
key shaping device that creates a second key based on the key type
and bitting pattern determined by the processor.
[0008] In some embodiments, methods for creating keys are provided,
the methods comprising: receiving security information from a user;
receiving geometric information about a first key associated with
the security information from a storage device; and creating a
second key using the geometric information.
[0009] In some embodiments, methods for creating keys are provided,
the methods comprising: receiving a first key; scanning geometric
information about the first key; determining a key type and bitting
pattern of the first key based on the geometric information; and
creating a second key based on the key type and bitting pattern
determined by the processor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The above and other objects and advantages of the invention
will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed
description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout,
and in which:
[0011] FIG. 1 shows an illustrative example of a schematic diagram
of a system for duplicating keys in accordance with some
embodiments of the disclosed subject matter;
[0012] FIG. 2 shows an illustrative example of a perspective view
of a kiosk for duplicating keys in accordance with some embodiments
of the disclosed subject matter;
[0013] FIG. 3 shows an illustrative example of a process for
duplicating keys in accordance with some embodiments of the
disclosed subject matter;
[0014] FIG. 4A shows an illustrative example of a scanning
arrangement for capturing geometric information about a key in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject
matter;
[0015] FIG. 4B shows an illustrative example of a mechanisms for
holding a key in a particular position while geometric information
about the key is captured in accordance with some embodiments of
the disclosed subject matter;
[0016] FIG. 5 shows an illustrative example of geometric
information about a key captured from a side view of the key in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject
matter;
[0017] FIG. 6 shows an illustrative example of geometric
information about a key captured from an end view of the key in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject
matter;
[0018] FIG. 7 shows an illustrative example of a physical scanning
arrangement for capturing geometric information about a key in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject
matter;
[0019] FIG. 8 shows an example illustrating the concept of
returning a key bite pattern to factory specifications when making
a duplicate key in accordance with some embodiments of the
disclosed subject matter;
[0020] FIG. 9A shows an illustrative example of a rotating carousel
of magazines for use in a key duplicating system in accordance with
some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter;
[0021] FIG. 9B shows an illustrative example of a rotating carousel
of magazines installed in a system for duplicating keys in
accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject
matter;
[0022] FIG. 10 shows an illustrative example of a kiosk with
horizontally installed magazines in accordance with some
embodiments of the disclosed subject matter;
[0023] FIG. 11A shows an illustrative example of a kiosk with
vertically installed magazines and a funnel and alignment mechanism
in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject
matter;
[0024] FIG. 11B shows an illustrative example of a perspective view
of a kiosk with multiple rows of vertically installed magazines and
a funnel and alignment mechanism in accordance with some
embodiments of the disclosed subject matter; and
[0025] FIG. 12 shows an illustrative example of different key types
arranged in one magazine in accordance with some embodiments of the
disclosed subject matter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In accordance with various embodiments, systems and methods
for duplicating keys are provided.
[0027] In some embodiments, these systems and methods allow a user
to create a copy of a key. For example, a user can create a copy of
a key if the key has been lost, if the user wishes to make a copy
for a friend, or for any other suitable reason. In order to do so,
in some embodiments, these systems and methods can detect a bitting
pattern and a blank type of a user's key. This bitting pattern,
blank type, and any other suitable information can then be stored
in any suitable storage mechanism. At a suitable subsequent point
in time (such as when the user has lost the key), these systems and
methods can generate a duplicate of the key without the presence of
the original key. This can be accomplished by retrieving the stored
information from storage, selecting a blank key corresponding to
the blank type, cutting the blank key according to the bitting
pattern, and dispensing the key to the user. Any suitable security
mechanisms can be included in these systems and methods to prevent
unauthorized key duplication.
[0028] One of the uses of such systems and methods can be to
provide a user with a way of creating a duplicate key when the
original is not available, for instance during a lockout situation.
Another use of these systems and methods can allow a user to obtain
a duplicate key in a self-service fashion without assistance from,
for example, a skilled locksmith or an employee at a hardware store
that duplicates keys. Additionally, the systems and methods can be
used to verify user identification through biometric scanning to
provide a secure method for duplicating sensitive keys (e.g., a
home key, a vehicle key, etc.).
[0029] Turning to FIG. 1, an example of hardware 100 that can be
used in some embodiments is illustrated. As shown, hardware 100 can
include a display 102, one or more input device(s) 104, one or more
key detector(s) 106, storage 108, a hardware processor 110, a
communication network interface 112, a key movement mechanism 114,
a key cutting and cleaning mechanism 116, and/or any other suitable
components.
[0030] This hardware can be arranged in any suitable manner in some
embodiments. For example, this hardware can be arranged in a kiosk,
such as kiosk 200 of FIG. 2, in some embodiments.
[0031] In some embodiments, a subset of the hardware shown in FIG.
1 can be implemented in a scan-only kiosk that can be used to save
a key template but not to create a key copy. For example, such a
kiosk can omit mechanisms 114, 116, and 118 in some
embodiments.
[0032] Display 102 can be any suitable display, such as an LCD
display, a cathode ray tube display, an electronic paper display,
etc. Input device(s) 104 can include any suitable input devices,
such as a keypad, a keyboard, a fingerprint reader, an eye scanner
(e.g., a retina or iris scanner), a touchpad, a credit card
scanner, a smart card reader, a near field communication device, an
RFID scanner, a touch sensor, a camera, a Quick Response code (QR
code) reader, a barcode reader, etc. In some embodiments, display
102 and an input device 104 can be combined as a touch sensitive
display (or touchscreen device).
[0033] Key detector 106 can be any suitable mechanism for detecting
the bitting pattern and/or the blank type of a key. For example,
the key detector can be any suitable device that detects the
bitting pattern and/or blank type of a key using any suitable
technology such as optical technologies, mechanical technologies,
electrical technologies, and/or any other technology, as described
further below. More generally, key detector 106 can detect
geometric information about a key. For example, key detector 106
can detect the dimensions of a key (e.g., length, width, height,
profile, shoulder shape, etc.) and features of the key. Examples of
features of the key can include, but are not limited to, a bitting
pattern, protuberances, dimples, voids, grooves, a milling profile,
a milling pattern of the key from one or more side views, a milling
pattern of the key from a front view (e.g., looking from the tip of
the key toward the head of the key), etc.
[0034] In some embodiments, key detector 106 can detect the
presence of an instruction to not duplicate the key. For example,
such an instruction can be printed or engraved on a key by words,
such as, "do not duplicate." As another example, such an
instruction can be embedded in the key as an RFID chip, or the
like. As another example, such an instruction can be indicated by
the presence of a physical indication to not copy the key. For
instance, a notch can be cut in the top of the key, or material can
added to a portion of the key that is not inserted into a lock. In
such embodiments, the presence of an instruction to not duplicate
the key can cause the mechanisms described herein to inhibit
scanning and/or duplication of the key as described herein.
[0035] Storage 108 can be any suitable storage. For example,
storage 108 can be random access memory (RAM), electrically
erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, disk
memory, network storage, a database, any other suitable storage, or
any suitable combination thereof.
[0036] Hardware processor 110 can be any suitable processing
hardware. For example, hardware processor 110 can be a
microprocessor, a microcontroller, dedicated logic, a field
programmable gate array, a general purpose computer, a special
purpose computer, a client, a server, and/or any other suitable
processing hardware.
[0037] Communication network interface 112 can be any suitable
interface facilitating communications on a communication network.
For example, communication network interface can be a wired network
interface (such as an Ethernet network interface card (NIC), a USB
interface, a cable television network interface, a telephone
network interface, etc.), a wireless network interface (such as an
IEEE 802.11x interface, a Bluetooth interface, a mobile telephone
interface, a wireless data network interface, a satellite
communications interface, etc.), an optical interface, and/or any
other suitable interface.
[0038] Key movement mechanism 114 can be any suitable mechanism for
moving a key from a key blank storage area 118 to key cutting and
cleaning mechanism 116. For example, key movement mechanism 114 can
include a key blank holding mechanism connected to one or more
belts and/or stabilizer bars in which the position and operation of
the gripper is controllable by hardware processor 110 and/or any
other suitable mechanism. As another example, key movement
mechanism 114 can be a robotic arm that is controllable by hardware
processor 110 and/or any other suitable mechanism. Additionally or
alternatively, as described in more detail below in connection with
FIG. 11, key movement mechanism 114 can include a funnel and/or
alignment mechanism that receives a key blank from a stack and
positions the key blank to be moved to key cutting and cleaning
mechanism 116.
[0039] In some embodiments, key blank storage 118 can house an
inventory of any suitable number of types of key blanks (sometimes
referred to herein as "blanks") In some embodiments, keys of each
blank type (e.g., key blanks with different milling patterns, key
blanks of different sizes, etc.) can be stored in stacks within the
storage area. Each stack can include any suitable number of blanks
Inventory levels of blanks can be monitored (locally or remotely)
to keep track of how many key blanks are remaining in each stack.
In some embodiments, each stack can have one or more sensors which
can be used to determine how many blanks remain in the stack. In
some embodiments, in response to sensing that the number of blanks
in a stack (or the number of blanks of a certain type) has fallen
below a threshold, a technician can be alerted and dispatched to
add blanks. The technician can be alerted using any suitable
communication method. For example, an email, a text message or a
voice message can be sent to the technician. As another example, a
message can be sent to the technician using a specialized
application that includes software for managing inventory levels of
key blanks
[0040] In some embodiments, blanks can be removed from a stack as
needed by key movement mechanism 114. For example, the magazines
holding stacks of inventoried key blanks can be aligned vertically,
in some embodiments. This can allow for key blanks to be fed to the
bottom of the magazine by gravity as key blanks are removed by key
movement mechanism 114. If the stacks are aligned vertically, the
blank on the bottom of each stack can be removable by key movement
mechanism 114. In an alternative example, if the stacks are aligned
vertically, the blank at the top of each stack can be removable by
key movement mechanism 114. In yet another example, key movement
mechanism 114 can remove a blank from an arbitrary position in each
stack. In some embodiments, stacks can be arranged in any suitable
orientation, such as horizontally.
[0041] In some embodiments, a magazine can hold the stacks of
inventories blanks. These magazines can be, for example, a storage
and feeding device for holding a stack of inventory blanks The
magazines for holding the stacks of inventory can be made from any
suitable material, such as: steel, aluminum, plastic, rubber,
carbon fiber, etc. The magazines can be shaped to facilitate
selection and removal of key blanks from the stack of blanks by key
movement mechanism 114. In some embodiments, the magazines can be
replaceable in a housing that houses hardware 100 to facilitate
placement of blanks for use by allowing multiple keys to be placed
at the same time. For example, if a technician is alerted that an
inventory of a particular type of blank is below a threshold, the
technician can refill the inventory of the particular type of
blank.
[0042] In some embodiments, the magazines holding stacks of
inventoried key blanks can be placed on a rotating carousel. An
illustrative example is shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b. Such an
embodiment can allow for a greater number of magazines, and
correspondingly unique key types, within a given kiosk volume
compared with a mounted set of static magazines. Alternatively, key
movement mechanism 114 can rotate to reach surrounding magazines to
achieve a similar result of accommodating a large number of
magazines inside the small interior of a kiosk, in some
embodiments.
[0043] In some cases in which the kiosk height is greater than its
width, for example, magazines can be aligned horizontally so that
the number of magazines which can be accommodated is increased in
some embodiments. This can allow for more types of keys to be
stocked, for example, in a kiosk having a limited footprint. An
illustrative example is in FIG. 10. In some embodiments, a passive
push mechanism (e.g., a spring or springs) or active push mechanism
(e.g., a screw mechanism, a conveyer, etc.) can apply pressure to
the horizontally stacked key blanks and the blanks can be
retrievable by key movement mechanism 114 at one or both sides of
each stack.
[0044] In some embodiments, key blanks can be dispensed from the
magazines (using any suitable mechanism) into a funnel and
alignment mechanism where they can be properly oriented and then
retrieved by key movement mechanism 114. It should be noted that
the funnel and alignment mechanisms along with mechanisms for
dispensing blanks from the magazines can be thought of as part of
key movement mechanism 114, in some embodiments. An illustrative
example is shown in FIG. 11A. Such a method can allow for
significant freedom in the placement of magazines within the kiosk,
so that a large number of magazines can be accommodated. For
example, magazines can be arranged in a two dimensional array. FIG.
11B shows an illustrative example of a perspective view of kiosk
200 in which the vertical magazines can be arranged in rows from
one side of kiosk 200 to the other and in rows from the front of
kiosk 200 toward the back of kiosk 200. Alternatively, the
magazines can be arranged in any suitable configuration that allows
blanks stored in the magazines to be dispensed into the funnel and
alignment mechanism included in key movement mechanism 114 to be
oriented and then retrieved by a key gripping and moving mechanisms
that is included in key movement mechanism 114.
[0045] In some embodiments, each magazine can contain an inventory
of multiple key types so that the number of magazines does not
restrict the number of key types which can be accommodated in a
kiosk. An illustrative example is shown in FIG. 12. In this
embodiment, a key type detection method (e.g., optical imaging),
can be used to identify the location of a given blank type within a
magazine. Key movement mechanism 114 can then retrieve a required
key blank type from an appropriate location within the
magazine.
[0046] Key cutting and cleaning mechanism 116 can be any suitable
mechanism for cutting and cleaning a key. For example, key cutting
and cleaning mechanism 116 can include a key blank holding
mechanism, a cutting tool, a deburring tool, a scrap metal guard
and debris container, and/or any other suitable key cutting and/or
key cleaning device. In some embodiments, various parts described
herein can be part of a computer numerical control (CNC) machine
used to create a duplicate key. For example, mechanisms 114 and 116
combined can together be part of a CNC machine that can be
precisely controlled. For example, such a CNC machine can have a
key blank holding mechanism attached one or more belts and/or
stabilizing bars that can receive a blank key from key storage area
118. The key blank holding mechanism of the CNC machine can then be
moved with the blank key to a cutting blade of the cutting tool
under the control of the hardware processor and cause the key to be
cut according to specifications. After a key is cut, the CNC
machine can then move the blank key to the deburring tool to be
cleaned of burrs that can result from the cutting process. After
deburring is complete, the holding mechanism can release the new
key into a key dispensing chute where it can be retrieved by the
user.
[0047] As another example, mechanism 116 can include a CNC machine
having a robotic arm that can be precisely controlled. A key blank
holding mechanism can be attached to the end of such a robotic arm
that can be used to retrieve a key from key movement mechanism 114
(e.g., the funnel and alignment mechanism described above). The
robotic arm of the CNC machine can then move the blank key to a
cutting blade of the cutting tool under the control of the hardware
processor and cause the key to be cut according to specifications.
After a key is cut, the CNC machine can then move the blank key to
the deburring tool to be cleaned of burrs that can result from the
cutting process. After deburring is complete, the holding mechanism
can release the new key into a key dispensing chute where it can be
retrieved by the user.
[0048] A scrap metal guard and debris container can include one or
more flaps surrounding the cutting blade. These flaps can contain
and direct scrap metal generated during the cutting process to the
scrap metal container. This container can be located below the
cutting tool. The container can be easily accessible to facilitate
convenient removal of scrap metal during routine maintenance.
[0049] In some embodiments, a key can be replicated by an additive
manufacturing process such as three-dimensional printing, whereby a
new key is fabricated by laying successive layers of an inventoried
material to the desired specifications. Such a technique can allow
for the duplication of a large number of different key types and
can negate the need for inventoried blank keys.
[0050] In some embodiments, keys can be replicated from a sheet,
bar or coil of metal (generally referred to herein as "stock"). For
example material to create a new key can be removed from the stock
as needed. Any suitable technique can be used for removing a
required amount of material from the stock to create a new key. For
example, a required amount of material can be removed from the
stock by stamping. As another example, a required amount to
material can cut from the stock using any suitable technique (e.g.,
cut with a blade, milled, cut with a laser, cut with a plasma tool,
a water jet cutting tool, etc.). The material removed from the
stock can then be shaped into a new key using any suitable
techniques. For example, the CNC machine described above can be
used to shape a new key from material removed from the stock. Such
a technique can allow for the duplication of a large number of
different key types and can negate the need for inventoried blank
keys.
[0051] In some embodiments, keys can be replicated from a material
such as hard plastic (e.g., thermoplastics or thermosetting
polymers, such as, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene,
polyvinyl chloride, and polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., polyvinyl
chloride (PVC), or any other suitable plastic). In such an
embodiment, a block (or blocks) of such a plastic can be stored to
be used to replicate keys. A required amount of material for
replicating a key can be removed from the block as required and can
be shaped into an appropriate shape for replicating a particular
key. Such a technique can allow for the duplication of a large
number of different key types and can negate the need for
inventoried blank keys. In other embodiments, key blanks can be
made of plastic rather than metal. Using plastic rather than metal
to replicate keys can allow for keys to be replicated that can be
easily and safely disposed of by a user after the key has fulfilled
a particular purpose. For example, if the user gets locked out of
their home, the user can create a replica key from plastic and
retrieve the original key. The user can then dispose of the plastic
replica key (e.g., by cutting up or shredding the key) so that
there are not multiple unused copies of the key for the user to
keep track of. Using plastic can also allow for keys to be more
easily created as shaping plastic is generally easier than shaping
metal.
[0052] Any suitable material can be used for replicating keys using
the mechanisms described herein.
[0053] In some embodiments, a user can supply an appropriate key
blank for replicating a particular key. In such an embodiment, a
user can determine a type of key blank required for replicating a
particular key and obtain that type of key blank to use in
replicating the key. For example, the user can look up the type of
key blank using a computer application, mobile application, or web
platform. In some cases a user can buy a blank of the required type
at a retail location (e.g., a hardware store), or blanks can be
available at a location where the kiosk for replicating keys is
located where the user can select a key blank herself or acquire
the appropriate blank from an attendant (e.g., a clerk). When the
user has acquired the appropriate blank type, the user can supply
the blank to the mechanism for replicating the key. In such an
embodiment, the mechanism can verify that the blank supplied by the
user is the correct type of blank for the particular key to be
replicated. This can be done by capturing one or more images of the
blank, or by using any other suitable technique for determining the
properties of the blank, such as the techniques for determining the
properties of a key described herein. Such a technique can allow
for the duplication of a large number of different key types and
can negate the need for inventoried blank keys.
[0054] Turning to FIG. 3, an example of a process 300 that can be
used to control the creation of keys by hardware, such as hardware
100 of FIG. 1, is illustrated in accordance with some embodiments.
This process can be executed in hardware processor 110.
[0055] As shown, after process 300 begins at 302, the process can
receive a user input of an action to be taken. For example, in some
embodiments, this action can be to immediately create a duplicate
of a key, to save a template of a key, or to recreate a key from a
template. Any other actions can additionally or alternatively be
taken in some embodiments. This user input can be received in any
suitable manner. For example, in some embodiments, this user input
can be specified by the user pressing a button on a touch screen
interface, by a user inserting a key in to a key detector, by a
user swiping a finger on a fingerprint reader or scanning an eye
with a retina scanner, and/or by the user taking any other suitable
action.
[0056] If the user selects to immediately duplicate a key, then
process 300 can branch at 306 to 308 where payment information can
be received. Any suitable mechanism for receiving payment
information can be used. For example, in some embodiments, credit
card information can be entered via user input device(s) 104. As
another example, in some embodiments, an electronic device (such as
a mobile phone) can be brought into proximity or tapped against a
user input device 104. As yet another example, payment information
can be received as an electronic message received via communication
network interface 112. As still another example, input device(s)
104 can scan an image presented by the user that contains payment
information such as an account number, etc. In such an example, the
payment information can be encoded in the image so that it is
difficult or impossible for a human to discern the payment
information with the naked eye.
[0057] Next, at 310, process 300 can scan a key presented by the
user. Any suitable approach to scanning a key can be used in some
embodiments. For example, a key can be scanned as described below
in connection with FIGS. 4-7. This key scanning can detect the key
bitting pattern and/or the key blank type in some embodiments.
[0058] Then, at 312, process 300 can replicate the scanned key.
This replication can be performed in any suitable manner. For
example, in some embodiments, the key can be replicated by the
hardware processor 110: (a) controlling the key movement mechanism
114 to retrieve an appropriate key blank from a key repository and
move the key to the key cutting and cleaning mechanism 116; and (b)
controlling the key cutting and cleaning mechanism 116 to cut the
key according to the detected bitting pattern and then clean the
key to remove burrs, etc.
[0059] Finally, at 314, the process can cause the key to be
dispensed to a user. For example, the hardware processor can
control the key cutting and cleaning mechanism 116 to drop the key
in the key dispensing chute.
[0060] If the user selects to save a key template, then process 300
can branch at 306 to 316 where user information can be received.
Any suitable user information can be received, and this information
can be received in any suitable manner, in some embodiments. For
example, in some embodiments, a user name, a key name, a user
physical address, a user phone number, a user credit card number, a
user identification number (e.g., social security number, driver's
license number, passport number, etc.), a user name, a user email
address, and/or any other suitable user information can be received
using one or more user input device(s) 104. In some embodiments,
receiving user information can be omitted from process 300.
[0061] At 318, process 300 can then receive security information.
Any suitable security information can be received and this
information can be received in any suitable manner, in some
embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, a user password, a
user spoken word, a user fingerprint scan, a user retina or iris
scan a face image, a DNA sample, a palm print, a hand geometry
measurement and/or any other suitable security information can be
received using one or more user input device(s) 104. In some
embodiments, receiving security information can be omitted from
process 300.
[0062] Next, at 320, process 300 can scan a user's key. Any
suitable approach to scanning a key can be used in some
embodiments. For example, a key can be scanned as described below
in connection with FIGS. 4-7. This key scanning can detect the key
bitting pattern and/or the key blank type in some embodiments.
[0063] Finally, at 322, the information received at 316, 318,
and/or 320 can be stored. This information can be stored in any
suitable manner and at any suitable location. For example, in some
embodiments, this information can be stored in storage 108. As
another example, in some embodiments, this information can be
transmitted via communication network interface 112 to a remote
storage device. As yet another example, in some embodiments, some
information can be stored locally and some information can be
stored remotely. In some embodiments, any suitable security
procedures can be performed in connection with storing the
information. For example, in some embodiments, the information can
be encrypted prior to being stored. The information stored at 322
can then later be accessible by the same hardware and/or any other
suitable hardware. For example, if a first kiosk is used to save a
key template, a second kiosk can be configured to recreate a key
from that template in some embodiments. Such a second kiosk can be
nearby or remote from the first kiosk.
[0064] In some embodiments, a user can have the option to save key
information after immediately creating a duplicate key. In such a
case, if a user elects to save the key information, similarly to
what is described above in connection with 316, 318, and 322, the
user can be prompted to enter user information and/or security
information and that information, along with the bitting pattern
and key blank type information, can be stored. If a user does not
choose to save key information after immediate duplication, or if
the option to do so is not presented to the user, the key
information can be deleted to protect the security of the user.
[0065] In some embodiments, information on a key type and bitting
information of a key provided by the user can be sent to the user
in addition to, or instead of, being stored in storage device 108.
For example, the information can be sent to the user by e-mail,
text message, mail, or any other suitable manner of sending the
information. This can allow for a user to have access to the
information on the type of key and bitting information without
relying on storage 108. In a case where the information is not
stored in storage 108, this can allow a user that is especially
concerned with privacy to know that information required to create
a replica of the key is not stored with personal information of the
user.
[0066] In some embodiments, when a key is scanned at 320, an
anonymous entry can be created corresponding to the key and the
entry can be assigned an index number. The index number, bitting
information, key type information, and/or information entered by a
user (e.g., a password, a pin number, etc.) can be used to create a
unique number that corresponds to the key. The user can then use
the unique number to obtain a replica of the key, or give the
unique number to another user so that the second user can obtain a
replica of the key. This can allow for a user that is especially
concerned with privacy to know that information required to create
a replica of the key is not stored with personal information of the
user, because the entry corresponding to the key is anonymous.
[0067] In some embodiments, a user can have the option to
immediately create a duplicate key after saving a key template. In
such a case, if a user elects to create a duplicate key, similarly
to what is described above in connection with 308, 312, and 314,
the user can be prompted to enter payment information and the key
can be replicated and dispensed.
[0068] If the user selects to recreate a key from a template (e.g.,
because the user has lost his or her key), then process 300 can
branch at 306 to 324 where user and security information can be
received. Any suitable user information and/or any suitable
security information can be received, and this information can be
received in any suitable manner, in some embodiments. For example,
this information can be received to securely identify the user
and/or the key. More particularly, this information can include a
user name and a password, a fingerprint scan, a face image capture,
a credit card swipe, a key name for a previously stored key
template, any other suitable information, or any suitable
combination thereof. As an even more particular example, the user
can be prompted to select a key from the list of those that were
previously stored. Such a list can include descriptive names
entered during a key template storage process, key images, etc.
[0069] Next, at 326, payment information can be received. Any
suitable mechanism for receiving payment information can be used.
For example, in some embodiments, credit card information can be
entered via user input device(s) 104. As another example, in some
embodiments, an electronic device (such as a mobile phone) can be
brought into proximity or tapped against a user input device 104.
As yet another example, payment information can be received as an
electronic message received via communication network interface
112.
[0070] Then, at 328, process 300 can replicate the desired key.
This replication can be performed in any suitable manner. For
example, in some embodiments, they key can be replicated by the
hardware processor 110: (a) controlling the key movement mechanism
114 to retrieve an appropriate key blank from a key repository and
move the key to the key cutting and cleaning mechanism 116; and (b)
controlling the key cutting and cleaning mechanism 116 to cut the
key according to the stored bitting pattern and then clean the key
to remove burrs, etc.
[0071] In some embodiments, the bitting pattern from the originally
scanned key can be compared to a database of known bitting
specifications for keys and locks. From this comparison, an
inference can be made as to the factory specifications of the
bitting of the to-be-copied key. When a duplicate is created, it
can be cut to these factory specifications instead of merely
replicating the original key's bitting profile. This allows for
correction of flaws in the original key resulting from
wear-and-tear, previous duplications, or other ca uses. An example
of this is shown in FIG. 8. In doing so, a duplicated key can be
more accurate than a previous copy. Additionally or alternatively,
a user can identify the type of lock that the key is for by
entering a make and/or model of the lock. The make and/or model of
the lock can be compared to a database to determine factory
specifications corresponding to the lock type and key identified by
the user, and the duplicate can be replicated using the original
bitting profile as described above.
[0072] In addition to correcting for imperfections in a key's
bitting depths during a duplication, other imperfections in a
previous key can also be corrected. For example, the bitting
platform length, the platform spacing, the platform offset,
localized deformations, and/or bitting angles can be corrected in
some embodiments. In some embodiments keys at custom, non-factory
specifications can additionally be produced.
[0073] Finally, at 330, the process can cause the key to be
dispensed to a user. For example, the hardware processor can
control the key cutting and cleaning mechanism 116 to drop the key
in the key dispensing chute.
[0074] In some embodiments, a subset of what is shown in process
300 can be used. For example, when hardware 100 is implemented as a
scan-only kiosk, only steps 316, 318, 320, and 322 can be performed
by a corresponding process.
[0075] It should be understood that some of the above steps of the
flow diagram of FIG. 3 can be executed or performed in an order or
sequence other than the order and sequence shown and described in
the figure. Also, some of the above steps of the flow diagram of
FIG. 3 can be executed or performed substantially simultaneously
where appropriate or in parallel to reduce latency and processing
times.
[0076] Referring to FIGS. 4-7, key scanning in accordance with some
embodiments is further described.
[0077] As shown in FIG. 4A, in order to be scanned, a key 402 can
be inserted by a user into a slot 404. The key scanning slot can be
able to accommodate a variety of blank types with varying lengths,
widths, and shapes. The key scanning slot can properly position the
key to ensure the scanning process is successful. The key scanning
slot can be positioned at a downward angle so that the key gravity
will assist the user in ensuring that the key is inserted fully.
The key scanning slot can allow a user to maintain contact with the
handle of the key at all times in some embodiments. The key
scanning slot can permit the key to remain attached to a keychain
(or key ring, or any other key retention device) during key
scanning.
[0078] As shown in FIG. 4B, key 402 can be fixed in position
between a mobile surface 410 and a fixed surface 412 while key 402
is being scanned in accordance with some embodiments. In such an
embodiment, the force from mobile surface 410 applied to the teeth
of key 402 can fix key 402 in place against fixed surface 412. This
can allow for keys to be scanned to be aligned in the same position
each time a key is inserted and ensure that there is no movement of
the key when geometric information about the key is being
scanned.
[0079] Once in the slot, one or more imaging devices 406 and 408
can be used to optically detect a bitting pattern and a key blank
type of the key in some embodiments. For example, as shown in FIG.
5, an imaging device 406 can be used to capture an image 502 of key
402. As another example, as shown in FIG. 6, an imaging device 408
can be used to capture an image 602 of key 402. Using these two
images, parameters unique to each key can be detected in order to
correctly determine both the bitting pattern and key blank type of
the key.
[0080] In order to do so, in some embodiments, a thresholding
algorithm, such as Otsu's Method (described, for example, in N.
Otsu, "A thresholding selection method from gray level histogram",
IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 9 (1), 62-66, January
1979, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety), can first be used to pre-process the images and remove
any spectral noise data. Then, once pre-processing of both images
has been accomplished, a corner detection algorithm, such as
Harris' Method (described, for example, in C. Harris and M. J.
Stephens. "A combined corner and edge detector", Alvey Vision
Conference, pages 147-152, 1988, which is hereby incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety), can be used to detect reference
points 504 and 604 in images 502 and 602, respectively.
[0081] As shown in FIG. 6, point 604 can be the left-most, lower
corner of the key. From this point, width variations in the z-axis
of the key can be measured over regular increments along the
y-axis. These width variations can be compared to known key blank
data to determine a key blank type (or milling type). This data can
be used to select the appropriate blank type during the key
replication.
[0082] As shown in FIG. 5, point 504 can be the tip of the key end.
From this point, height variations in the y-axis of the key can be
measured over regular increments along the x-axis. These height
variations can be used to determine the bitting pattern of the key
and to cut the key during the key replication.
[0083] Machine learning algorithms can also be employed to improve
the accuracy and capabilities of the machine vision software.
[0084] In some embodiments, a laser-based mechanism, for detecting
a milling type and a bitting pattern of a key can be used. Such a
laser-based mechanism can be used to scan a key and detect the
outline of the key from each of the perspectives illustrated in
FIGS. 5 and 6.
[0085] As described above, additionally or alternatively to
detecting the bitting pattern and the blank type optically, a
mechanical mechanism can be used to detect one or more of these
features of a key. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a bitting
detection finger 702 can be used to detect the bitting of a key.
More particularly, for instance, the movement of the finger can be
detected by suitable electromechanical sensors as key 402 is
entered into slot 404. As another more particular example, the
finger can be moved automatically along the key after the key has
been inserted into the slot and the bitting pattern detected based
on up and down movements of the finger as detected by a suitable
electromechanical sensor.
[0086] In some embodiments, rather than detecting key blank type
(or milling type) as described above, a dedicated key slot for each
key type available can be used. In such a case, upon entering a key
into a key slot, the key blank type can be determined simply from
the fact that the key fits into the slot.
[0087] In some embodiments, a tray can be provided where a user can
place a key to be scanned. Such a tray can be provided in lieu of
or in addition to slot 404. Such a tray can allow for irregularly
shaped keys (e.g., tubular keys, four sided keys, Zeiss keys,
skeleton keys, etc.) that may not fit into slot 404 to be scanned
by the kiosk using any suitable technique, such as the techniques
described herein.
[0088] In some embodiments, a key to be replicated can be held in
front of a particular location on a kiosk where the key can be
scanned. This can allow for irregularly shaped keys (e.g., tubular
keys, four sided keys, Zeiss keys, skeleton keys, etc.) that may
not fit into slot 404 to be scanned by the kiosk using any suitable
technique, such as the techniques described herein.
[0089] In some embodiments, any other suitable mechanisms for
detecting bitting patterns and/or key blank type can be used in
some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, key bitting can
be detected by: many small mechanical pins which are pushed by key
bitting and the pin positions get detected by suitable
electromechanical sensors; one or more LED and/or photodiode arrays
which detect obstruction created by the key bitting; micro air flow
detectors which detect obstructions caused by bitting; heat sensors
which detect obstructions caused by bitting; ultrasonic distance
sensors; etc.
[0090] In some embodiments, in addition to a key being scanned
using one or more key detector(s) 106 as described above, a key can
be scanned using any other suitable device(s). For example, in some
embodiments, a key can be scanned using any optical detector,
scanner, camera, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, etc. In
such embodiments, for example, a user can be able to photograph a
key and supply one or more corresponding images to hardware
processor 110 (or any other suitable hardware processor) so that
the hardware processor can process the image(s) to detect the key's
bitting pattern and/or key blank type. In some embodiments, the
image(s) can contain reference objects, such as a quarter, in order
to determine the size of the key.
[0091] In some embodiments, users can scan a key on their
smartphone or tablet computer. Furthermore, in some embodiments, an
application can be downloaded to assist users in capturing quality
images of their key. From a mobile application or website platform,
users can also request a duplicate of their scanned key be sent via
mail to an address of their choosing, in some embodiments.
[0092] In some embodiments, a user can also authorize others to
access their key information using the mobile application or
website platform. Authorized recipients can use the digital key
information to request a physical copy via mail order, create a
physical copy at a kiosk, or make a physical copy with any suitable
key duplication hardware. For example, in some embodiments, when a
user is locked out, that person can retrieve his/her key type and
bitting code information from the mobile application or website
platform, enabling any operator of a suitable key duplication
machine to create a copy without the physical presence of the
original.
[0093] In some embodiments, a user can retrieve his/her key type
and bitting code information from the mobile application or website
platform, and order a duplicate key to be delivered to the user
based on location information provided to the mobile application or
website platform. For example, the location information can be
provided using a mobile phone equipped with a Global Positioning
System (GPS) receiver. As another example, a user can specify
coordinates where the duplicate key is to be delivered. As yet
another example, a user can specify an address where the duplicate
key is to be delivered. The order for the duplicate key ordered by
the user can be received by a key duplicating service. The key
duplicating service can then use the key type and bitting
information to create a duplicate key and can deliver the duplicate
key to the user at the specified location. Additionally, the user
can use the application or website platform to pay for the
duplication and delivery of the duplicate key to their
location.
[0094] In some embodiments, any suitable computer readable media
can be used for storing instructions for performing the processes
described herein. For example, in some embodiments, computer
readable media can be transitory or non-transitory. For example,
non-transitory computer readable media can include media such as
magnetic media (such as hard disks, floppy disks, etc.), optical
media (such as compact discs, digital video discs, BLU-RAY discs,
etc.), semiconductor media (such as flash memory, electrically
programmable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable
programmable read only memory (EEPROM), etc.), any suitable media
that is not fleeting or devoid of any semblance of permanence
during transmission, and/or any suitable tangible media. As another
example, transitory computer readable media can include signals on
networks, in wires, conductors, optical fibers, circuits, any
suitable media that is fleeting and devoid, of any semblance of
permanence during transmission, and/or any suitable intangible
media.
[0095] Although the invention has been described and illustrated in
the foregoing illustrative embodiments, it is understood that the
present disclosure has been made only by way of example, and that
numerous changes in the details of implementation of the invention
can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention, which is limited only by the claims that follow.
Features of the disclosed embodiments can be combined and
rearranged in various ways.
* * * * *