U.S. patent application number 14/052203 was filed with the patent office on 2014-05-22 for chemical method and composition for promoting adhesion and preventing road cracking.
This patent application is currently assigned to Midwest Industrial Supply, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is Midwest Industrial Supply, Inc.. Invention is credited to Cheryl L. Detloff, Robert W. Vitale.
Application Number | 20140140767 14/052203 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 50728085 |
Filed Date | 2014-05-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140140767 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Vitale; Robert W. ; et
al. |
May 22, 2014 |
Chemical Method and Composition for Promoting Adhesion and
Preventing Road Cracking
Abstract
A method for increased adhesion and prevention of pavement
cracking by subsurface application of a composition comprising a
synthetic fluid or base oil, a pour point depressant, a binder, and
various combinations thereof.
Inventors: |
Vitale; Robert W.; (Canton,
OH) ; Detloff; Cheryl L.; (Canton, OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Midwest Industrial Supply, Inc. |
Canton |
OH |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Midwest Industrial Supply,
Inc.
Canton
OH
|
Family ID: |
50728085 |
Appl. No.: |
14/052203 |
Filed: |
October 11, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
13680518 |
Nov 19, 2012 |
|
|
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14052203 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
404/75 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01C 7/00 20130101; C09K
3/22 20130101; E01C 11/005 20130101; C09K 17/22 20130101; C09K
17/20 20130101; E01C 3/003 20130101; E01C 19/46 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
404/75 |
International
Class: |
E01C 3/00 20060101
E01C003/00; E01C 11/00 20060101 E01C011/00 |
Claims
1. A method for increased adhesion and prevention of pavement
cracking by subsurface application of a composition, the method
comprising the steps of: applying the composition as a road
pavement base, the composition comprising: a synthetic fluid; and,
a binder, wherein after curing, the portion of the pavement in
contact with the composition maintains flexibility.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the synthetic fluid is synthetic
isoalkane, and the synthetic isoalkane is about 50% to about 99.9%
by weight of a mixture of the synthetic isoalkane and the
binder.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the binder is chosen from the
group comprising a carboxylic acid, an ester, and a thermoplastic
polyolefin.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further
comprises: a pour point depressant, wherein the pour point
depressant is chosen from the group comprising acrylic, acrylic
copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl acetate olefin
copolymers, alkyl esters of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers,
alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, polyalkylacrylates,
alkyl phenols, alpha olefin copolymers, polymethylacrylate, and
polyalkylmethacrylate.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the synthetic fluid meets EPA
standards for offshore drilling.
6. A method for increased adhesion and prevention of pavement
cracking by subsurface application of a composition, the method
comprising the steps of: applying the composition as a road
pavement base, the composition comprising: a synthetic fluid; and,
a pour point depressant, wherein after curing, the portion of the
pavement in contact with the composition maintains flexibility.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the synthetic fluid is synthetic
isoalkane and the synthetic isoalkane is about 80% to about 95% by
weight of a mixture of the synthetic isoalkane and pour point
depressant.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the pour point depressant is
chosen from the group comprising acrylic, acrylic copolymers,
ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl acetate olefin copolymers,
alkyl esters of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, alkyl esters
of unsaturated carboxylic acids, polyalkylacrylates, alkyl phenols,
alpha olefin copolymers, polymethylacrylate, and
polyalkylmethacrylate.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the composition further
comprises: a binder, wherein the binder is chosen from the group
comprising a carboxylic acid, an ester, and a thermoplastic
polyolefin.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the composition further
comprises an emulsifier.
11. The method of claim 6, wherein the synthetic fluid meets EPA
standards for offshore drilling.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the composition further
comprises a second binder, wherein the second binder is chosen from
the group comprising a carboxylic acid, an ester, and a
thermoplastic polyolefin.
13. A multi-layer driving surface, the driving surface comprising:
a base layer, wherein the base layer comprises: a synthetic fluid;
and, a binder; and, a road surface, wherein the road surface
contains no plasticizers or superplasticizers.
14. The driving surface of claim 13, wherein the road surface
contains no reinforcing fibers.
15. The driving surface of claim 13, wherein the road surface
contains no crack resistant coatings.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the synthetic fluid is
synthetic isoalkane, and the synthetic isoalkane is about 50% to
about 99.9% by weight of a mixture of the synthetic isoalkane and
the binder.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the binder is chosen from the
group comprising a carboxylic acid, an ester, and a thermoplastic
polyolefin.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein the composition further
comprises: a pour point depressant, wherein the pour point
depressant is chosen from the group comprising acrylic, acrylic
copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl acetate olefin
copolymers, alkyl esters of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers,
alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, polyalkylacrylates,
alkyl phenols, alpha olefin copolymers, polymethylacrylate, and
polyalkylmethacrylate.
19. The method of claim 13, wherein the synthetic fluid meets EPA
standards for offshore drilling.
Description
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.
13/680,518, filed on Nov. 19, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S.
Ser. No. 13/185,821, filed on Jul. 19, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No.
8,313,668, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/696,550,
filed Jan. 29, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,048,333, which claims
priority to a provisional patent application filed Jan. 29, 2009,
entitled CHEMICAL METHOD FOR SOIL IMPROVEMENT IN COLD REGIONS,
having Ser. No. 61/148,216, and to a provisional patent application
filed Jan. 25, 2010, entitled A CHEMICAL METHOD FOR SOIL
IMPROVEMENT, having Ser. No. 61/297,843, all of which are hereby
incorporated by reference.
I. BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Technical Field
[0003] This invention relates to a method of promoting adhesion and
prevention against pavement cracking utilizing synthetic fluids and
other non-synthetic base oils and various combinations of
polyolefins, carboxylic acids, pour point depressants, and
esters.
[0004] 2. Background
[0005] Billions of dollars are spent annually in the U.S. for
required maintenance of paved roadways. These repairs are often
necessitated by pavement cracking or deterioration. Pavement
distress, such as holes and cracks, represent a significant
engineering and economic concern. Surface tension from traffic,
expansion and contraction of the pavement as temperatures increase
and decrease, drying out of the surrounding earth and other
environmental factors decrease the strength of the pavement and
contribute to the occurrence of cracking Furthermore, once cracked,
water can infiltrate the cracks causing further deterioration of
the pavement.
[0006] Damaged paved surfaces are commonly repaired by overlaying a
new surface layer of pavement. However, many times, after repeated
resurfacing, new cracks form directly over the old cracks in what
is known as reflective cracking In such cases, complete resurfacing
may be necessary, which is extremely costly. As a result, many
pavement reinforcement methods and materials have been tried to
reduce the incidence of cracking.
[0007] In order to reduce the incidence of pavement cracking,
plasticizers, commonly phthalate esters of straight-chain and
branched alkyl alcohols, or superplasticizers, such as sodium
gluconate naphthalene formaldehyde and other sulphonic groups, have
traditionally been added to asphalt and concrete mixtures to
decrease the water content and increase the fluidity of pavement
suspensions. However, one disadvantage of the use of such
plasticizers and superplasticizers in solution is that too high a
degree of ductility results in rutting in the surface of the
pavement. In addition, many phthalate plasticizers have notable
toxicity and negative ecological effects. A further disadvantage in
using plasticizers in this manner is that the nature and amount of
plasticizer needed can vary widely depending on geographic
location, traffic density, and temperature conditions.
[0008] To prevent rutting in the pavement surface, reinforcing
fibers have been added to pavement suspensions to increase strength
and durability. Addition of such reinforcing fibers may result in
negative effects by decreasing the workability of the pavement
composition. Such workability issues require unnecessary cost
additives.
[0009] Still further, crack resistant coatings have been applied to
pavement surfaces. However, these coatings, while increasing the
resistance to high vertical and horizontal movements and high shear
stresses on the surface, still cracking occurs when pavement
hardens from aging to the point that it cannot relieve the
expansion and contraction stress caused by changes in temperature.
Furthermore, surface coatings do not protect against deterioration
caused by sublayer ground moisture.
[0010] Thus, although there have been many attempts to provide a
pavement with increased resistance to cracking, there is need for a
product which provides subsurface waterproofing, is environmentally
friendly and acts as a plasticizer to increase the ductility of
pavement without affecting the composition of the pavement
suspension, allowing the pavement enough flexibility to handle
stress induced by surface tension, temperature changes and other
environmental factors while maintaining its strength and
durability.
II. SUMMARY
[0011] Accordingly, one of the main objectives and advantages of
our invention is improved plasticity in cured pavement. In
addition, our invention provides additional benefits over
traditional methods used to prevent pavement cracking It remains
active over long periods of time resulting in delayed pavement
hardening, is insoluble in water resisting wet conditions and
contains no electrolytes thus inhibits corrosion. Furthermore, the
chemical agents used are formulated from safe aliphatic and cyclic
organic compositions.
[0012] The present invention relates to a heterogeneous mixture
produced by blending aliphatic or cyclic organic compositions with
carboxylic acids of chemical structure R--COOH and applied in a
manner to promote adhesion to the underlying base of the pavement.
The aliphatic and cyclic compositions act as plasticizers and
carriers for the carboxylic acids. When applied, the plasticized
carboxylic acid provides a durable, reworkable binder that
associates with the surface particles on the base of the pavement,
after the pavement has been applied to the base. The chemical agent
is manufactured and applied using conventional mixing and applied
using conventional construction equipment.
[0013] The present invention also encompasses a heterogeneous
mixture produced by blending aliphatic or cyclic organic
compositions with polyolefins of chemical structure CnH2n or
R--C2nH3n, applied as base in a manner to promote adhesion to the
underlying base of the pavement. The aliphatic and cyclic
compositions act as plasticizers and carriers for the polyolefin to
adhere to the surface of the base of the pavement. The plasticized
polyolefin provides a durable, reworkable binder that associates
with the surface particles on the base of the pavement. The
chemical agent is manufactured and applied using conventional
mixing and applied using conventional construction equipment.
[0014] The present invention also incorporates a pour point
depressant.
[0015] Still further objects and advantages will become apparent
from a consideration of the ensuing description.
III. DEFINITIONS
[0016] Adhesion--the tendency of certain dissimilar molecules to
cling together due to attractive forces.
[0017] Agglomeration--the process of particle size enlargement in
which small, fine particles (such as dusts or powders) are gathered
into larger masses, clusters, pellets, or briquettes for use as end
products or in secondary processing steps.
[0018] Binder--additives to the material being agglomerated that
produce bonding strength in the final product.
[0019] Bonding--the forces of cohesion between particles, as in
agglomerate bonding or bonding strength.
[0020] Carboxylic Acid--an organic acids characterized by the
presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula --C(.dbd.O)OH,
usually written --COOH or --CO.sub.2H. Carboxylic acids are
Bronsted-Lowry acids--they are proton donors.
[0021] Clustering--loose bonding of particles by pendular and
funicular bridges in the presence of moisture.
[0022] Cohesion--the intermolecular attraction between
like-molecules.
[0023] Hydrocracking--the elimination of aromatics and polar
compounds achieved by chemically reacting the feedstock with
hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst, at high temperatures and
pressures.
[0024] Hydroisomerization--The isomerization of alkane hydrocarbons
via an intermediate alkene.
[0025] Lipophilic Fluid--a fluid having an affinity for, tending to
combine with, or capable of dissolving in lipids.
[0026] Olefin--an unsaturated chemical compound containing at least
one carbon-to-carbon double bond (also called an alkene with the
general formula C.sub.nH.sub.2n).
[0027] Polyolefin--a polymer produced from a simple olefin as a
monomer.
[0028] Pour Point Depressant--Pour point depressants (also known as
PPDs) are polymers that are designed to control wax crystal
formation in lubricants resulting in lower pour point and improved
low temperature flow performance.
[0029] Road Surface--durable surface material (asphalt, concrete,
or composite of asphalt and concrete) laid down on an area intended
to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road or
walkway.
[0030] Synthetic isoalkane--A synthetic alkane with a branched
chain whose next-to-last carbon atom is bonded to a single methyl
group.
[0031] Viscosity Index Improver--a chemical component that
increases the viscosity index (a measure for the change of
kinematic viscosity with temperature).
IV. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] At least one embodiment of the invention is set forth in the
following description and is particularly and distinctly pointed
out and set forth in the appended claims.
[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention utilizes a
composition for promoting adhesion to pavement surface particles
and preventing pavement cracking The liquid agent is comprised of a
synthetic fluid in combination with a pour point depressant in
colder temperatures. By "synthetic" it is meant a substance, pure
or a mixture, which has undergone at least one major chemical
transformation (reaction) in its manufacture or processing. A
simple physical separation, purification, or transformation (i.e.
freezing or boiling) does not constitute a major chemical reaction.
In one embodiment, the pour point depressant is chosen from
acrylic, acrylic copolymer, polymethacrylate, ethylene vinyl
acetate copolymers, vinyl acetate olefin copolymers, alkyl esters
of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, alkyl esters of unsaturated
carboxylic acids, polyalkylacrylates, alkyl phenols, alpha olefin
copolymers, and polyakyl methacrylate. Adhesion of the synthetic
fluid and pour point depressant with the surface particles of
pavement will increase the pavement bearing strength while
maintaining a degree of flexibility. The improvements in pavement
plasticity can be achieved in cold weather environments at
temperatures well below the freezing point of water. Typically, in
warmer climates this soil improvement is accomplished by the use of
water. This invention has the benefit over traditional methods by
virtue of its ability to disperse among and adhere to surface
particles of the pavement base rather than mixed throughout. It
also remains in situ, gaining strength due to the water proofing
ability, protection against freeze thaw, frost heave, and pavement
adhesion characteristics of the chemical composition. In one
embodiment of the invention, the synthetic fluid is about 98% to
about 99.9% by weight (including, but not limited to, 98.0, 98.1,
98.2, 98.3, 98.4, 98.5, 98.6, 98.7, 98.8, 98.9, 99.0, 99.1, 99.2,
99.3, 99.4, 99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, and 99.9) and the pour point
depressant is about 0.01% to about 2% by weight (including, but not
limited to, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09,
0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20,
0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.30, 0.31,
0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.40, 0.41, 0.42,
0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49, 0.50, 0.51, 0.52, 0.53,
0.54, 0.55, 0.56, 0.57, 0.58, 0.59, 0.60, 0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64,
0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.70, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75,
0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.80, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86,
0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97,
0.98, 0.99, 1.00, 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.04, 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.08,
1.09, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19,
1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.30,
1.31, 1.32, 1.33, 1.34, 1.35, 1.36, 1.37, 1.38, 1.39, 1.40, 1.41,
1.42, 1.43, 1.44, 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, 1.51, 1.50, 1.52,
1.53, 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59, 1.60, 1.61, 1.62, 1.63,
1.64, 1.65, 1.66, 1.67, 1.68, 1.69, 1.70, 1.71, 1.72, 1.73, 1.74,
1.75, 1.76, 1.77, 1.78, 1.79, 1.80, 1.81, 1.82, 1.83, 1.84, 1.85,
1.86, 1.87, 1.88, 1.89, 1.90, 1.91, 1.92, 1.93, 1.94, 1.95, 1.96,
1.97, 1.98, 1.99, and 2.00). In another embodiment, the synthetic
fluid is between about 80% to about 95% by weight (including, but
not limited to, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,
93, 94, and 95), the pour point depressant is between about 0.1% to
about 0.9% by weight (including, but not limited to, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,
0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9), and a polyolefin is between
about 5% to about 20% by weight (including, but not limited to, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20. In one
embodiment, the composition is a paraffin-based, hydrophobic,
liquid material that can be applied at temperatures down to at
least -40.degree. F. (-40.degree. C.). The composition binds
surface particles of pavement, making it water repellant while
enabling increased plasticity. The composition is continuously
active, therefore facilitating long-term strength and durability of
pavement.
[0034] In another embodiment, the present invention utilizes a
composition for promoting adhesion to pavement surface particles
and preventing pavement cracking The pavement improvement agent is
comprised of a synthetic fluid that meets EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency) standards for offshore drilling, in combination
with a pour point depressant for use in colder regions. In this
embodiment the synthetic fluid is defined as a fluid that meets the
EPA standards for offshore drilling, including the static sheer
requirement, the sediment requirement, the polyaromatic hydrocarbon
requirement, and the toxicity requirement. In one embodiment, the
pour point depressant is chosen from acrylic, acrylic copolymer,
polymethacrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl acetate
olefin copolymers, alkyl esters of styrene-maleic anhydride
copolymers, alky esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids,
polyalkylacrylates, alkyl phenols, alpha olefin copolymers, and
polyakyl methacrylate. Adhesion of the synthetic fluid and pour
point depressant with the surface particles of pavement will
increase the pavement bearing strength while maintaining a degree
of flexibility. The improvements in pavement plasticity can be
achieved in cold weather environments at temperatures well below
the freezing point of water. Typically, in warmer climates this
soil improvement is accomplished by the use of water. This
invention has the benefit over traditional methods by virtue of its
ability to disperse among and adhere to surface particles of the
pavement base rather than mixed throughout. It also remains in
situ, gaining strength due to the water proofing ability,
protection against freeze thaw, frost heave, and pavement adhesion
characteristics of the chemical composition. In one embodiment of
the invention, the synthetic fluid is about 98% to about 99.9% by
weight (including, but not limited to, 98.0, 98.1, 98.2, 98.3,
98.4, 98.5, 98.6, 98.7, 98.8, 98.9, 99.0, 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, 99.4,
99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, and 99.9) and the pour point depressant is
about 0.01% to about 2% by weight (including, but not limited to,
0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11,
0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.21, 0.22,
0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.30, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33,
0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.40, 0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.44,
0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49, 0.50, 0.51, 0.52, 0.53, 0.54, 0.55,
0.56, 0.57, 0.58, 0.59, 0.60, 0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66,
0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.70, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77,
0.78, 0.79, 0.80, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88,
0.89, 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99,
1.00, 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.04, 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.08, 1.09, 1.10,
1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21,
1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.30, 1.31, 1.32,
1.33, 1.34, 1.35, 1.36, 1.37, 1.38, 1.39, 1.40, 1.41, 1.42, 1.43,
1.44, 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, 1.51, 1.50, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54,
1.55, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59, 1.60, 1.61, 1.62, 1.63, 1.64, 1.65,
1.66, 1.67, 1.68, 1.69, 1.70, 1.71, 1.72, 1.73, 1.74, 1.75, 1.76,
1.77, 1.78, 1.79, 1.80, 1.81, 1.82, 1.83, 1.84, 1.85, 1.86, 1.87,
1.88, 1.89, 1.90, 1.91, 1.92, 1.93, 1.94, 1.95, 1.96, 1.97, 1.98,
1.99, and 2.00). In another embodiment, the synthetic fluid is
between about 80% to about 95% by weight (including, but not
limited to, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93,
94, and 95), the pour point depressant is between about 0.1% to
about 0.9% by weight (including, but not limited to, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,
0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9), and a polyolefin is between
about 5% to about 20% by weight (including, but not limited to, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20. In one
embodiment, the application of the soil improvement composition
does not require any water. The composition is a paraffin-based,
hydrophobic, liquid material that can be applied at temperatures
down to at least -40.degree. F. (--40.degree. C.). The composition
binds surface particles of pavement, making it water repellant
while enabling increased plasticity. The composition is
continuously active, therefore facilitating long-term strength and
durability of pavement.
[0035] In another embodiment, the composition is a synthetic fluid,
which in one embodiment is severely hydrotreated synthetic
isoalkane and binder, which in one embodiment is polyolefin. The
synthetic fluid can be between about 50% to about 95% by weight
(which includes, but is not limited to 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
91, 92, 93, 94, and 95) in this embodiment and the binder can be
between about 5% and about 50% by weight (which includes, but is
not limited to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, and
50).
[0036] In another embodiment, synthetic fluid is combined with a
pour point depressant and a thermoplastic polyolefin compound
including: polyisobutylene, polyethylene, polypropylene,
polybutenes, polyisoprene, and their copolymers. In another
embodiment, the synthetic fluid can be combined with the
polyisobutylene without the pour point depressant. It is also to be
understood that a binder can be added to any of the embodiments as
well. In yet another embodiment, synthetic fluid is combined with
pitch rosin blend. Pitch rosin operates as a binder. In all of the
above embodiments, the synthetic fluid can be synthetic isoalkane,
having an unsaturated hydrocarbon content of less that 1%, a
saturate percentage of greater than 99% (although it is to be
understood that the saturate percentage can also be 90, 91, 92, 93,
94, 95, 96, 97, 98, or 99%), is either a synthetic or
semi-synthetic hydrocarbon, is either a hydrotreated synthetic
isoalkane, a hydrocracked synthetic isoalkane, or a hydroisomerized
synthetic isoalkane, has a viscosity of at least about 19
centistokes@68.degree. F., a flame point greater than about
266.degree. F., and has a flash point of about 350.degree. F. The
synthetic fluid combined with polyisobutylene helps give even
distribution of the load.
[0037] In another embodiment, the composition is a base oil, which
in one embodiment is severely hydrotreated synthetic isoalkane and
binder, which in one embodiment is polyolefin. The base oil can be
between about 50% to about 95% by weight (which includes, but is
not limited to 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62,
63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,
80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, and 95)
in this embodiment and the binder can be between about 5% and about
50% by weight (which includes, but is not limited to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, and 50).
[0038] In another embodiment, base oil is combined with a pour
point depressant and a thermoplastic polyolefin compound including:
polyisobutylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutenes,
polyisoprene, and their copolymers. In another embodiment, the base
oil can be combined with the polyisobutylene without the pour point
depressant. It is also to be understood that a binder can be added
to any of the embodiments as well. In yet another embodiment, base
oil is combined with pitch. In all of the above embodiments, the
base oil can be synthetic isoalkane, having an unsaturated
hydrocarbon content of less than 1%, a saturate percentage of
greater than 99% (although it is to be understood that the saturate
percentage can also be 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, or 99%),
is either a synthetic or semi-synthetic hydrocarbon, is either a
hydrotreated synthetic isoalkane, a hydrocracked synthetic
isoalkane, or a hydroisomerized synthetic isoalkane, has a
viscosity of at least about 19 centistokes@68.degree. F.
(20.degree. C.), a flame point greater than about 266.degree. F.
(130.degree. C.), and has a flash point of about 350.degree. F.
(177.degree. C.). The base oil combined with polyisobutylene helps
give even distribution of the load.
[0039] There are five specific categories of base oils. These
categories define the type of base stock the oil is formulated
from. The categories are as follows. Note that the base oil group
category is followed by the manufacturing method (in bold print)
and then a description of the oil characteristics for each
category.
[0040] Group I--Solvent Freezing: Group I base oils are the least
refined of all the groups. They are usually a mix of different
hydrocarbon chains with little or no uniformity. While some
automotive oils on the market use Group I stocks, they are
generally used in less demanding applications.
[0041] Group II--Hydro processing and Refining: Group II base oils
are common in mineral based motor oils currently available on the
market. They have fair to good performance in lubricating
properties such as volatility, oxidative stability and flash/fire
points. They have only fair performance in areas such as pour
point, cold crank viscosity and extreme pressure wear.
[0042] Group III--Hydro processing and Refining: Group III base
oils are subjected to the highest level of mineral oil refining of
the base oil groups. Although they are not chemically engineered,
they offer good performance in a wide range of attributes as well
as good molecular uniformity and stability. They are commonly mixed
with additives and marketed as synthetic or semi-synthetic
products. Group III base oils have become more common in America in
the last decade.
[0043] Group IV--Chemical Reactions: Group IV base oils are
chemically engineered synthetic base stocks. Polyalphaolefins
(PAOs) are a common example of a synthetic base stock. Synthetics,
when combined with additives, offer excellent performance over a
wide range of lubricating properties. They have very stable
chemical compositions and highly uniform molecular chains. Group IV
base oils are becoming more common in synthetic and synthetic-blend
products for automotive and industrial applications.
[0044] Group V--As Indicated: Group V base oils are used primarily
in the creation of oil additives. Esters and polyolesters are both
common Group V base oils used in the formulation of oil additives.
Group V oils are generally not used as base oils themselves, but
add beneficial properties to other base oils.
[0045] In some embodiments, the invention consists of aliphatic and
cyclic organic compositions utilized as plasticizers and carriers
that are blended with materials composed primarily of carboxylic
acids and applied in a manner to produce improved levels of
pavement durability through adhesion to the pavement subsurface and
increasing the subsurface plasticity while increasing the pavement
strength.
[0046] A novel and unexpected result occurs when carboxylic acids
are blended with aliphatic or cyclic organic plasticizers and
carriers. These blends are processed into either heterogeneous
mixtures or emulsions that applied to soil, aggregate, or mineral
provide high levels of long lasting dust control and stabilization.
The invention exhibits tremendous moisture resistance,
reworkability, working life, while being noncorrosive and
nonhazardous.
[0047] Aliphatic organic compositions refers to saturated and
unsaturated hydrocarbons derived from petroleum, coal, or synthetic
manufacturing including paraffins or alkanes, olefins, alkenes, and
alkadienes. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids,
and carbohydrates. The invention, in some embodiments, is comprised
of 0% to 95% by weight (which includes, but is not limited to 0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71,
72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88,
89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, and 95) of these compositions.
[0048] Cyclic organic compositions refer to alicyclic hydrocarbons,
cycloparaffins, cycloolefins, cycloacetylenes, aromatic
hydrocarbons, heterocyclics, and any combinations of aliphatic and
cyclic structures such as terpenes, amino acids, proteins and
nucleic acids. The invention, in some embodiments, is comprised of
0% to 95% by weight (which includes, but is not limited to 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71,
72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88,
89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, and 95) of these compositions.
[0049] Carboxylic acid refers to any substance whose major
constituents are saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and their
esters derived from animal or vegetable fat or oil; and vegetable
derived resins or rosin acids, all represented chemically R--COOH.
The invention is comprised 5% to 70% by weight (which includes, but
is not limited to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68,
69, and 70) of these substances.
[0050] Plasticizer refers to organic compositions added to
carboxylic acids to facilitate processing and increase the
flexibility and durability of the final product.
[0051] Carrier refers to any organic compositions in which
carboxylic acids are miscible in and serve as a vehicle to aid in
the dispersion and adhesion of plasticized carboxylic acids onto
the sub-surface particles of the pavement.
[0052] Heterogeneous mixtures refer to mixtures or solutions
comprised of two or more substances, whether or not they are
uniformly dispersed.
[0053] Emulsions refer to mixtures of two or more immiscible
liquids held in suspension by small percentages of emulsifiers.
Emulsifiers can be protein or carbohydrate polymers or long-chained
alcohols and fatty acids. The emulsions can either be oil-in-water
or water-in-oil continuous phase mixtures.
[0054] The invention is manufactured using conventional
manufacturing equipment. Conventional mixers, emulsifiers, or
colloid mills are utilized to blend these components into stable
heterogeneous mixers or emulsions.
[0055] Application of the chemical agent is also accomplished by
the use of conventional spray equipment. The agent is gravity fed
or pumped through hoses, spray nozzles, or fixed sprayers and
evenly applied to the soil or material to be treated.
Motor-graders, asphalt grinders, mixers, pug mills, compactors,
rollers, and other conventional construction equipment may be
utilized to blend, set grade, and compact stabilized base if
desired.
[0056] Once applied and pavement is overlayed on top of the
composition, the liquid adheres to the pavement surface where two
mechanisms contribute to the effect of increased pavement
durability. The first is adhesion of molecules to the subsurface
particles of pavement. The adhesion of the molecules contributes to
dispersement of the pavement particles, increasing the pavement's
subsurface plasticity, allowing the pavement increased flexibility
to withstand expansion and contraction due to temperature
changes.
[0057] The second mechanism is produced by the plasticized higher
polymeric carboxylic acids which act as binders, in the embodiments
in which binders are incorporated. The fatty acids and resins bind
particles into a tightly cohesive base when subjected to compactive
forces. The plasticized fatty acids and resins remain active even
through severe wet weather and mechanical disturbances from heavy
vehicles and high volume traffic. Our invention displays a unique
and unexpected ability to be recompacted into a tightly cohesive
base when disturbed, dramatically extending the working life of the
chemical agents. In embodiments using synthetic isoalkane, the
isoalkane can provide both cohesive and adhesive effects. In
embodiments with esters, the ester can provide both cohesive and
adhesive effects.
[0058] In some of the embodiments, the composition consists of
aliphatic and cyclic organic compositions utilized as plasticizers
and carriers that are blended with materials composed primarily of
thermoplastic polyolefin compositions and applied in a manner to
produce improved pavement durability.
[0059] A novel and unexpected result occurs when polyolefin
compositions are blended with aliphatic or cyclic organic
plasticizers and carriers. These blends are processed into either
heterogeneous mixtures or emulsions that when applied beneath
pavement suspensions and emulsions provides for adhesion of the
mixture with subsurface pavement particles, increasing the
plasticity of the pavement, while supplying base strength, and thus
increased pavement durability. The invention exhibits tremendous
moisture resistance, reworkability, working life, while being
noncorrosive and nonhazardous.
[0060] Thermoplastic polyolefin composition refers to any substance
derived from olefins with chemical structure C.sub.nH2n or
R--C.sub.2nH.sub.3n, including polyethylene, polypropylene,
polybutenes, polyisobutylenes, polyisoprene, and their copolymers.
The invention, in some embodiments, is comprised of 2% to 90% by
weight (which includes, but is not limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76,
77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, and 90) of
these substances.
[0061] In a separate embodiment from the previous definition of
"synthetic," the definition of "synthetic" includes the fluid
meeting the EPA static sheen requirement, the sediment requirement,
the polyaromatic hydrocarbon requirement, and the toxicity
requirements.
[0062] In one embodiment, wherein the synthetic fluid is a
synthetic isoalkane, the synthetic isoalkane acts as a plasticizer,
and the synthetic isoalkane is the only plasticizer. It is to be
understood that this is merely one embodiment of the invention,
however. In another embodiment of the invention, which can be
combined with other embodiments, the composition is essentially
devoid of hydrocarbons. In one embodiment, the synthetic isoalkane
has a saturate percentage greater than 99%.
[0063] In another embodiment, the composition consists essentially
of a synthetic fluid and a pour point depressant. In another
embodiment the composition consists essentially of a synthetic
fluid and a binder. In another embodiment the composition consists
essentially of a base oil and polyisobutylene.
[0064] Although the description above contains much specificity,
these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the
invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the
presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Various other
embodiments and ramifications are possible within its scope. For
example, several different types of substances rich in polyolefins
are available as drop-in replacements to those tested, as well as
numerous aliphatic and cyclic organic compositions.
[0065] The foregoing detailed description is given primarily for
clearness of understanding and no unnecessary limitations are to be
understood therefrom, for modification will become obvious to those
skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure and may be made
upon departing from the spirit of the invention and scope of the
appended claims. Accordingly, this invention is not intended to be
limited by the specific exemplifications presented hereinabove.
Rather, what is intended to be covered is within the spirit and
scope of the appended claims.
[0066] The invention has been described with reference to several
embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to
others upon a reading and understanding of the specification. It is
intended by applicant to include all such modifications and
alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended
claims or the equivalents thereof.
[0067] Having thus described the invention, it is now claimed:
* * * * *