U.S. patent application number 14/053560 was filed with the patent office on 2014-04-17 for modular stormwater storage system.
This patent application is currently assigned to KriStar Enterprises, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is KriStar Enterprises, Inc.. Invention is credited to Douglas Paul Allard.
Application Number | 20140105684 14/053560 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 50475445 |
Filed Date | 2014-04-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140105684 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Allard; Douglas Paul |
April 17, 2014 |
Modular Stormwater Storage System
Abstract
The invention provides modular units, associated component
parts, and assemblies of the modular units and component parts,
including storage and filtration systems, that are useful for
making and using underground water management systems.
Inventors: |
Allard; Douglas Paul; (Santa
Rosa, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
KriStar Enterprises, Inc. |
Santa Rosa |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
KriStar Enterprises, Inc.
Santa Rosa
CA
|
Family ID: |
50475445 |
Appl. No.: |
14/053560 |
Filed: |
October 14, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61714178 |
Oct 15, 2012 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
405/52 ;
405/124 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02B 11/00 20130101;
E01F 5/005 20130101; E03F 1/005 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
405/52 ;
405/124 |
International
Class: |
E01F 5/00 20060101
E01F005/00; E02B 11/00 20060101 E02B011/00 |
Claims
1. A modular unit for use in underground water management systems
comprising: (a) a top slab; (b) four walls descending substantially
orthogonally from the top slab, wherein at least one wall comprises
at least one rounded side opening; and (c) a bottom slab adjoining
the four walls and comprising a rounded bottom opening; wherein the
top slab, four walls, and bottom slab comprise a single continuous
surface.
2. The modular unit of claim 1, wherein each of two opposing walls
comprises a rounded side opening and the rounded side openings on
opposing walls are aligned to form a channel for fluid flow.
3. The modular unit of claim 2, wherein each of two opposing walls
comprises a plurality of rounded side openings and the rounded side
openings on opposing walls are correspondingly aligned to form a
plurality of channels for fluid flow.
4. The modular unit of claim 1, wherein each of two adjacent walls
comprises at least one rounded opening.
5. The modular unit of claim 1, wherein at least one wall comprises
a plurality of rounded side openings.
6. The modular unit of claim 5, further comprising an interior wall
descending substantially orthogonally from the top slab, wherein
the interior wall comprises an interior opening in the modular
unit.
7. The modular unit of claim 5, further comprising an interior wall
extending substantially orthogonally from the bottom slab, wherein
the interior wall comprises an interior opening in the modular
unit.
8. The modular unit of claim 1, wherein the bottom-most edge of the
rounded side opening is disposed above the top-most edge of the
bottom slab.
9. The modular unit of claim 1, further comprising a solid shell,
wherein said solid shell comprises a single surface that is
impermeable to water, and wherein the solid shell covers a hollow
core.
10. A monolithic, arched module component for use in an underground
water management system comprising: (a) a substantially
hexahedronal structure comprising four side surfaces, a top
surface, and a bottom surface, wherein adjoining side and top
surfaces form top corners in the arched module component; and (b) a
pair of corner pillars extending from adjacent top corners of the
arched module component, wherein the corner pillars at least
partially define one or more curved openings along a side
surface.
11. The monolithic, arched module component of claim 10, further
comprising curved openings along each of two opposite side
surfaces, wherein the curved openings on opposite side surfaces are
aligned to form a passage for storm water flow.
12. The monolithic, arched module component of claim 11, further
comprising a plurality of curved openings along each of two
opposite side surfaces, wherein the curved openings on opposite
side surfaces are correspondingly aligned to form a plurality of
passages for storm water flow.
13. The monolithic, arched module component of claim 10, further
comprising curved openings along adjacent side surfaces.
14. The monolithic, arched module component of claim 10, further
comprising a plurality of curved openings along a side surface.
15. The monolithic, arched module component of claim 14, further
comprising an interior surface descending substantially
orthogonally from the top surface, wherein the interior surface
comprises an interior opening in the arched module component.
16. The monolithic, arched module component of claim 14, further
comprising an interior surface extending substantially orthogonally
from the bottom surface, wherein the interior surface comprises an
interior opening in the arched module component.
17. The monolithic, arched module component of claim 10, wherein
the bottom-most edge of the curved opening along a side surface is
disposed above the top-most edge of the bottom surface.
18. The monolithic, arched module component of claim 10, further
comprising a solid shell, wherein said solid shell comprises a
single surface that is impermeable to water, and wherein the solid
shell covers a substantially hollow core.
19. The monolithic, arched module component of claim 10, wherein
the bottom surface comprises a substantially circular opening.
20. An underground water management system comprising an assembly
of modular units, wherein each modular unit comprises a
substantially hexahedronal one-piece structure comprising: one or
more curved openings in one or more sides and a substantially
hollow, interior volume, and further wherein at least one side of
each of said modular units abuts at least one side of an adjacent
modular unit such that the openings in the sides of the adjacent
units substantially align, thereby forming a passage between
adjacent units.
21. The underground water management system of claim 20, wherein
the assembly is surrounded by an impermeable liner.
22. The underground water management system of claim 20, wherein
the assembly is surrounded by a permeable liner.
23. The underground water management system of claim 20, further
comprising an inlet pipe passing through an outer side of the
system.
24. The underground water management system of claim 23, further
comprising an outlet pipe passing through an outer side of the
system.
25. A method for underground storage of storm water comprising the
steps of: (a) passing fluid through one or more openings of a
monolithic, arched module component comprising: a top slab; four
walls descending substantially orthogonally from the top slab,
wherein at least one wall comprises at least one rounded side
opening; a bottom slab adjoining the four walls; and a hollow core;
(b) storing fluid within the hollow core, and (c) releasing fluid
through one or more rounded side openings of the monolithic, arched
module component.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein each of two opposing walls
comprises a rounded side opening and the rounded side openings on
opposing walls are aligned to form a channel for fluid flow.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein each of two opposing walls
comprises a plurality of rounded side openings and the rounded side
openings on opposing walls are correspondingly aligned to form a
plurality of channels for fluid flow.
28. The method of claim 25, wherein each of two adjacent walls
comprises at least one rounded side opening.
29. The method of claim 25, wherein at least one wall comprises a
plurality of rounded side openings.
30. The method of claim 25, further comprising an interior wall
descending substantially orthogonally from the top slab, wherein
the interior wall comprises an interior opening in the modular
unit.
31. The method of claim 25, further comprising an interior wall
extending substantially orthogonally from the bottom slab, wherein
the interior wall comprises an interior opening in the modular
unit.
32. The method of claim 25, wherein the bottom-most edge of the
rounded side opening is disposed above the top-most edge of the
bottom slab.
33. The method of claim 25, wherein the bottom slab comprises a
rounded opening.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/714,178 filed on Oct. 15, 2012, the subject
matter of which is herein incorporated by reference in its
entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to modular units, component parts, and
assemblies of the modular units and component parts that are useful
for making and using underground water storage systems.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Nearly any new development of land must incorporate a system
for managing water runoff from the developed land. Current
regulatory schemes typically require developers to install
underground water detention and/or retention systems that
effectively maintain a flow of water into and off of the developed
land that mimics the natural (i.e., pre-development) flow from the
land.
[0004] Such systems typically are installed under large concrete or
asphalt surfaces and often must be capable of bearing highly
variable weight loads (e.g., a parking lot). Ideally, such systems
should maximize water storage capacity while occupying as small a
"footprint" as possible in order to minimize land usage. Such
systems should be adaptable to a variety of different storage needs
and landscape features, including shallow or deep burial depths,
and they should be relatively easy to construct and handle during
site construction. The design also should allow enhanced access for
maintenance through the life of the system.
[0005] In addition, many regulatory schemes require controlling not
only water runoff, but also water quality, such as levels of
pollutants. Typically, developed land accumulates pollutants that
can contaminate water runoff, particularly after storms. Ideally,
underground water management systems should process (e.g., using
filtration systems) water flow from the developed land prior to
releasing it. Such processing systems should be incorporated into
the underground water retention/detention system in order to
minimize land usage and construction costs (such as costs for
materials and piping), but they also should be accessible for
intermittent cleaning, repair, and/or other maintenance.
[0006] Accordingly, there exists a need for an underground water
storage system for storm water detention and/or retention that
provides strength, structural integrity, increased water storage
capacity, and integrated chambers for fluid processing and ease of
construction, installation and use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a
monolithic arched module component for use in an underground water
management system comprising four substantially rectangular side
surfaces; a substantially rectangular top surface; and two or more
corner pillars extending from adjacent corners of the component,
wherein the two corner pillars at least partially define one or
more curved openings along at least one of the four side surfaces.
In some embodiments, an interior surface extends downward from a
portion of the rectangular top surface, wherein the interior
surface defines an interior opening in the arched module
component.
[0008] In some embodiments, the arched module component comprises a
solid shell, wherein said solid shell comprises a single surface
that is impermeable to water, wherein the solid shell covers a
hollow core. In some embodiments, the arched module component
comprises a cube.
[0009] In one embodiment, the invention provides a monolithic,
modular unit for use in underground water management systems
comprising a structure having six faces (i.e., corresponding to the
six substantially rectangular "sides" or "faces" of a cuboid) with
a substantially round opening in one or more face and an interior
volume. In some embodiments, a wall or a partial wall extends from
a portion of the top face. In some embodiments, the modular unit
comprises a solid shell that is impermeable to water. In some
embodiments, the modular unit comprises an open bottom. In other
embodiments, the bottom of the arched module unit comprises one or
more round openings that can be in a range of shapes (e.g.,
circular, generally round, rectangular). In yet other embodiments,
the bottom portion of the arched module unit comprises a
substantially rectangular slab.
[0010] In one embodiment, the invention provides an underground
water management system comprising an assembly of modular units,
wherein each modular unit comprises a one-piece structure having a
curved opening on at least one side and a substantially hollow,
interior volume, wherein at least one side of each of said modular
units abuts at least one side of an adjacent modular unit such that
the openings in the sides of the adjacent units substantially
align, thereby forming a passage between adjacent units. At least
one of the modular units further comprises at least two chambers
within the unit. In some embodiments, the assembly is surrounded by
an impermeable liner (e.g., PVC, HDPE) to function as a storage or
detention system. In other embodiments, the assembly is surrounded
by a woven or non-woven geotextile liner to function as a water
infiltration or retention system. In one embodiment, the system
comprises an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. In another embodiment,
the system comprises a riser and a maintenance cover along a top
face of a modular unit.
[0011] In one embodiment, the invention provides an underground
water management system comprising a plurality of separate zones
having different water flow, retention, and/or detention
characteristics, wherein said system comprises an assembly of
modular units placed adjacent to each other, vertically and/or
laterally, wherein said units comprise a structure having one or
more curved openings in each side surface, a substantially hollow
interior, and a solid shell impermeable to water, and wherein the
water flows through at least one opening of one of said plurality
of modular units is restricted. In one embodiment, the system of
the present invention further comprises a filtration device located
at the interface of two different zones. In one embodiment, the
system comprises an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, wherein the
inlet pipe is coupled to one zone, and the outlet pipe is coupled
to a different zone.
[0012] In another embodiment, the invention provides an underground
water management system comprising an assembly of modular units,
wherein at least one modular unit comprises an optionally removable
filtration system comprising a filter basket or a media filter
cartridge. In other embodiments, the system comprises a plurality
of filtration devices located within the assembly.
[0013] In another embodiment, the invention provides a method for
underground storage of storm water comprising the steps of: passing
fluid through one or more openings of a monolithic, arched module
component comprising four sides, a substantially rectangular top
face, a hollow core, and at least two corner pillars extending from
adjacent corners of the component, wherein two corner pillars at
least partially define one or more curved openings along at least
one of the four sides; storing fluid within the hollow core; and
releasing fluid through one or more openings of the monolithic,
arched module component.
[0014] In other embodiments, the invention provides a variety of
component pieces useful for assembling the arched module components
into modular units and the modular units into assemblies that can
be used as underground water management systems. Among the various
additional components are stacking couplers, lateral couplers,
various solid and grated cover panels adapted for the top, bottom,
and side face openings of the modular units, and various filtration
devices, including filter baskets and media filters that can be
removably installed in the openings of modular units.
[0015] In various embodiments of the present invention, materials
useful for construction of the arched module components, modular
units, and assemblies constructed therefrom include but are not
limited to: concrete, polypropylene, high density polyethylene,
low-density polyethylene, or any other materials that can be molded
or cast including but not limited to rubber and aluminum. In some
embodiments, the arched module components, modular units, and
assemblies constructed therefrom comprise hollow core
construction.
[0016] In some embodiments, it is contemplated that the dimensions
of the modular units can vary within a range dependent on one or
more design factors including but not limited to: desired water
volume capacity, desired weight of each modular unit, desired
load-bearing tolerance for assembly, desired amount of water flow
to be managed, size and structure of overall assembly in which the
unit is used, and/or the desired access space for inspection and
maintenance purposes.
[0017] In various embodiments, it is contemplated that the
dimensions and/or structural configuration of underground water
management systems constructed using assemblies of modular units
can vary dependent on one or more design factors including but not
limited to: desired overall size of the assembly, desired
load-bearing tolerance for assembly, desired amount of water flow
to be managed, number and location of inlet and outlet pipes,
number and location of pre-treatment zones and filtration systems,
and/or the desired access space for inspection and maintenance
purposes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Embodiments of the present invention may be described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an angled side view of one
embodiment of an arched module component of the present invention
having a solid shell, hollow core construction with two openings
located along each of two opposite exterior sides, an opening
located along an interior partition, and one opening located along
each of the remaining exterior sides.
[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates schematically an angled side view of one
embodiment of the arched module component having a substantially
cubic shape, a solid shell, hollow core construction, and one
opening located on each of the sides.
[0021] FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate schematically in angled side
view, internal arched module components of the present invention
having openings on all four sidewalls and one or more openings
along the bottom floor.
[0022] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate schematically in angled side
view, corner arched module components. Each module component
includes two adjacent closed sidewalls and one or more openings
along the bottom floor.
[0023] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate schematically in angled side view
boundary, arched module components. Each module component includes
one closed sidewall and one or more openings along the bottom
floor.
[0024] FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate schematically in angled side
view, parallel arched module components, with each module component
having two substantially parallel closed sidewalls and one or more
openings along the bottom floor.
[0025] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate schematically in angled side
view, end cap arched module components, with each module component
having an open sidewall and one or more openings along the bottom
floor.
[0026] FIG. 8 illustrates schematically a partially exploded,
angled side view of an underground water management system with
multiple arched module components arranged in rows and columns.
[0027] FIG. 9 illustrates schematically a top plan view of an
underground water management system with multiple arched module
components arranged in rows and columns.
[0028] FIG. 10 illustrates schematically a side cut-away view of an
underground water management system with adjacent module
components.
[0029] FIG. 11 illustrates schematically a partially exploded,
angled side view of an underground water management system with a
single row of arched module components.
[0030] FIG. 12 illustrates schematically a partially exploded,
angled side view of another embodiment of an underground water
management system with a single row of arched module
components.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0031] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising,"
"includes," "including," "has," "having" or any other variation
thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For
example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a
list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements
but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to
such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless
expressly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive or
and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is
satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B
is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is
true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
[0032] Also, use of the "a" or "an" are employed to describe
elements and components of the invention. This is done merely for
convenience and to give a general sense of the invention. This
description should be read to include one or at least one and the
singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is
meant otherwise.
[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although
methods and similar or equivalent to those described herein can be
used in the practice or testing of the present invention, suitable
methods and materials are described herein. All publications,
patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein
are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of
conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will
control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are
illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
[0034] In the following description, numerous specific details are
provided, such as the identification of various system components,
to provide an understanding of embodiments of the invention. One
skilled in the art will recognize, however, that embodiments of the
invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific
details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In
still other instances, well-known structures, materials, or
operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring
aspects of various embodiments of the invention.
[0035] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment"
or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or
characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is
included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus,
the appearance of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an
embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not
necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the
particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined
in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
I. Overview
[0036] The present invention provides a modular underground system
for water management applications. A wide range of underground
water management applications may be addressed using the systems
described herein. These include but are not limited to all water
retention/detention applications typically addressed with
underground caverns, chambers, cisterns, etc. and typically made
using simple piping, pre-cast concrete type assemblies. Particular
applications include underground storm water retention and/or
detention, rainwater harvesting, and other water runoff related
issues.
[0037] The water management systems of the present invention have a
structure comprising an assembly of modular units. The modular unit
is a six-sided structure bounded by six substantially rectangular
faces with one or more arched openings along one or more side
faces, such that passages for water flow extend through the
structure. As described herein, each modular unit has one or more
side face openings that define passages (i.e., virtual pipes)
through the structure. Each modular unit comprises a substantially
hollow interior volume that is capable of water storage.
[0038] In one embodiment, each modular unit may also have an
interior surface formed, for example, from pillars, a wall, or
partial wall extending from a portion of the top or bottom face of
the modular unit. The interior surface can be solid, or it can
include one or more openings or "weirs," over which fluid may flow
through the unit. The presence of the interior surface creates
separate chambers for segregated flows within a modular unit. It
also provides increased strength and enhances the load carrying
capacity of the modular unit.
[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the modular unit is constructed
as a single, monolithic unit that can be used with other modular
units in an underground water management system. The module can
require no further assembly (e.g., be made from pre-cast concrete).
This single-piece modular unit simplifies the construction of
multiple modules for larger assemblies of modular units and reduces
the changes of breakage during handling.
[0040] In some embodiments, the modular unit comprises a
substantially cuboid structure with a hollow interior volume and
comprises an exterior solid shell (i.e., exterior layer, slab, or
"skin") that is impermeable to water. In some embodiments, the
modular unit comprises a solid shell covering a hollow core
structure (i.e., a substantially empty volume under the shell). In
some embodiments, the core of the modular unit under the shell can
include additional internal structural supports (e.g., supporting
panels, framework pieces, or beams), which provide increased load
bearing strength to the modular unit. These internal structures may
be integral to the modular unit structure, or optionally separate
pieces that fasten to (e.g., snap-in) the underside of the solid
shell.
[0041] Additionally, in some embodiments, the invention provides
optional solid, perforated, or grated cover panels (i.e., "plugs")
for openings on the sides of the modular unit, thereby allowing
each modular unit to be separately modified for a particular water
retention/detention function.
[0042] The structure of the modular units greatly facilitates
fabrication of underground systems. Both simple (e.g., adjoining
modular units) and highly complex systems (e.g., with outlet flow
control, water filtration systems, and other features) can be built
using the same modular units. The hollow structure of the modular
units further facilitates assembly by minimizing weight (e.g.,
particularly with the hollow core structure) while maximizing water
flow and storage volume. Additionally, the arched openings of the
modular unit provide sufficient loading bearing strength and
structural integrity for a wide range of underground water
management applications.
[0043] The substantially cuboid structure of the modular unit
comprises one or more openings along the side faces, a
substantially hollow interior volume, and one or more passages for
water flow within the unit. Optionally, one or more openings along
a top face of a modular unit provides enhanced access for
inspection and maintenance of underground assemblies, e.g., for
clean-out of debris following a storm. Further, the modular unit of
the present invention can be customized in its water flow
characteristics with the use of the standard set of coverings that
fit over the openings.
II. The Modular Unit
[0044] A. Arched Module Component
[0045] 1. General Structure
[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an angled side view of one
embodiment of the arched module component 100 having a rectangular
cuboid shape with four side faces and top and bottom faces. In this
embodiment, two opposite side faces are each shorter in width than
each of the other two opposite side faces. Opposite side faces form
lateral faces on the shorter sides and longitudinal faces on the
longer sides. The arched module component has a solid shell, hollow
core construction with six substantially curved side openings
defined by pillars or sidewalls extending from the top (upward
facing) surface. The corner pillars define an opening 101 along a
lateral face of the component, as well as another opening along the
opposite lateral face of the component. Two additional pillars
extend downward from a central portion of the top surface to define
an additional interior opening 102 in the center of the module
component. These corner and center pillars also define curved,
substantially oval shaped openings 103, 104 along a longitudinal
face, as well as another set of corresponding openings along the
opposite longitudinal face. Although shown here with sharp corners
and/or edges, the arched module component can also include rounded
corners and/or rounded edges. Standard design options (e.g., the
use of structurally stronger or weaker materials) may be selected
that allow for a decrease or increase in the relative dimension of
the opening diameter to the length of the sides. In a preferred
embodiment, the top surface of the component can include one or
more lift eyes 105 to facilitate transport and installation.
[0047] The alignment of openings in the arched module component
defines passages. The passage can be left unobstructed allowing
water and/or air to flow through (i.e., function as a
"weep-holes"). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the four
openings, two aligned on each of the longitudinal faces, form
channels for water flow, while the three lateral openings, two on
each lateral face and one in the interior of the module component,
form another channel for water flow. The use of a minimal number of
openings in the arched module component provides the advantage of
minimizing surfaces that debris flowing through the modular
component can become snagged or otherwise caught resulting in
obstructions.
[0048] The center pillars, located in the interior of the module,
provide structural support and enhance the load carrying capacity
of the module component. In another embodiment, an interior wall or
an interior partial wall (or panel) extends from a center portion
of the top or bottom face to form separate chambers within a unit.
The interior wall can be a solid slab that creates a hydraulic
seal, preventing water flow into a portion of the modular
component. Alternatively, the interior wall can include one or more
openings that allow fluid flow therethrough. In one embodiment, the
wall can be solid and include a circular opening that can be fitted
with an underground pipe that allows for fluid flow out of the
chamber. Sediments settle from water flowing through the chamber,
and the filtered flow enters openings in the pipe and exits the
chamber. In another embodiment, the interior wall includes one or
more weirs cast into the wall that allows for sedimentation, flow
control, and/or energy dissipation. In these and other embodiments,
the interior wall can create a separate inlet bay within the module
and segregate flows for pre-treatment using available filtration
systems known in the art or other processing.
[0049] In another embodiment, one or more of the openings is
optionally plugged (with e.g., rubber plugs) to prevent water
and/or air flow. Alternatively, the openings can be optionally
screened to prevent large particle or sediment passage. The bottom
of the module can be open to allow water flow, as shown in FIG. 1.
Alternatively, the bottom of the module can be closed to obstruct
water flow (not shown).
[0050] The dimensions of the arched module component and the sizes
of the openings may vary to accommodate different design
considerations, such as different widths, lengths, and heights
(outside and inside dimensions), desired weights for each modular
unit, and water storage volumes. The ordinary artisan will also
recognize that the absolute dimension of the opening can be
selected to accept industry standard pipe connections/fittings
(e.g., rubber boots). In this embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
openings are shown as substantially rounded. However, any of a
multitude of complementary shapes allowing fluid flow through the
module and well known to the ordinary artisan could be used. Such
fittings can offer flexible and watertight connections between
modular components and piping for controlling water flow into and
out of an assembly of modular components.
[0051] As shown in FIG. 1, in one embodiment the arched module
component structure comprises a shell and a hollow core. In a
preferred embodiment, the shell comprises a single, solid layer
impermeable to water. Typically, the shell and hollow core
construction is made of pre-cast concrete. In some embodiments, the
hollow core of the arched module can include internal structures
providing additional structural strength. For example, it can
include a vertical panel extending from the inside of each corner
to the internal side of the opening. Such a vertical panel would be
integrated into the hollow core structure and add structural
integrity by linking the outer rectagular wall to the inner
openings in the top and bottom faces of the arched module.
[0052] Another embodiment of the present invention, a "half cube"
arched module component, is shown in FIG. 2. The arched module
component 200 is substantially cuboidal in shape. It has a solid
shell, hollow core construction with four substantially curved
openings formed by four corner pillars extending downward from the
top (upward facing) surface. The corner pillars define openings,
one on each of the four side faces. In a preferred embodiment, the
top surface can include one or more lift eyes 201 to facilitate
transport and installation. These examples are provided for
illustration purposes, and additional openings or fewer openings
can be included in sides of a given arched module component.
[0053] The alignment of openings on sides of the arched module
component defines passages to allow for fluid flow. In the
embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a pair of openings, one on each
opposing side face, forms a channel for water flow, while the
remaining two opposite side openings form another channel for water
flow.
[0054] 2. Exemplary Configurations
[0055] The side faces of the arched module components described
above can be designed with difference combinations of open,
partially open, or closed sidewalls that allow for fluid flow into
and through the module, so as to accommodate the needs of a
particular site or system. Arched module components with one or
more sidewall openings can be used together in different
configurations to form underground stormwater management systems
that either allow or impede the flow of fluid though that portion
of the system.
[0056] For example, the arched module component of the present
invention can be in the form of "internal modules." The internal
modules can be used in one or more interior portions of a
stormwater management system in which arched module components are
placed in multiple rows. Referring to FIG. 3A, one or more openings
301 are formed on a bottom slab 302. The holes may be provided in
the bottom slab for retention and infiltration systems. A top slab
303 defines an upper boundary of the module. Each of the sidewalls
is open and has one or more holes defining channels for fluid flow.
A short or lateral sidewall 304 includes a side opening above the
bottom slab, and the opposite short or lateral sidewall also
includes a corresponding side opening above the bottom slab. In one
embodiment, the bottom-most edge of a side opening can be in
contact with the top surface of the bottom slab. In other
embodiments, the bottom-most edge of a side opening can be located
above the top of the bottom slab. The portion of the sidewall below
the side opening may thus impede fluid flow along that portion of
the module. A long or longitudinal sidewall 305 includes two
openings, while the opposite long or longitudinal sidewall also
includes two corresponding openings. Openings in opposite lateral
sidewalls form a lateral channel, while openings in opposite
longitudinal sidewalls form longitudinal channels. In the half-cube
embodiment shown in FIG. 3B, the internal module similarly includes
two open sidewalls. The bottom slab includes an opening 306,
preferably for retention or infiltration systems.
[0057] An assembly may also include "corner modules" that can be
placed along a corner of the perimeter in a multiple row system. A
corner module includes two adjacent sidewalls with flow orifices,
as well as two adjacent sidewalls without flow orifices. For
example, in the arched module component shown in FIG. 4A, lateral
sidewall 401 and the adjacent longitudinal sidewall 402 are closed.
The remaining sidewalls (and bottom slab) include openings that
permit fluid flow in the module. Similarly, in the half-cube module
component shown in FIG. 4B, adjacent sidewalls 403 and 404 are
closed, while the remaining sidewalls (and bottom slab) include
openings, one on each side, that permit fluid flow in the
module.
[0058] "Boundary modules" include a sidewall without flow orifices
and three sidewalls, each with at least one flow orifice. The
sidewall without flow orifices can be positioned along a perimeter
of an assembly of modular units so that stormwater does not flow
out of the assembly at that portion of the perimeter. For example,
in the arched module component shown in FIG. 5A, lateral sidewall
501 is closed. The remaining sidewalls (and bottom slab) include
substantially rounded openings that permit flow through the module.
In another embodiment, a longitudinal sidewall, e.g., 502, may be
closed so that stormwater does not flow through that sidewall,
while the remaining sidewalls of the boundary module each include
openings. In the half-cube module component shown in FIG. 5B, one
sidewall 503 is closed, while the remaining sidewalls (and bottom
slab) include openings.
[0059] "Parallel modules" can be placed side-by-side in single row
assemblies. A parallel module includes sidewalls with one or more
flow orifices on opposite ends, through which fluid can flow from
or to adjacent modules. The remaining two sidewalls do not have
flow orifices. Referring to the exemplary module in FIG. 6A,
longitudinal sidewall 601 and the opposite longitudinal sidewall
are closed, while the lateral sidewalls and interior wall include
openings that form a channel for fluid flow. In this example,
parallel modules can be used together to each other by positioning
an open lateral sidewall of each module next to an open lateral
sidewall of another module. It may be appreciated that parallel
modules can also be used together by placing open longitudinal
sidewalls next to each other. In this design, lateral sidewall 602
and the opposite lateral sidewall would be closed, while the
longitudinal sidewalls would be open. In the half-cube module
component shown in FIG. 6B, sidewall 603 and the opposite sidewall
are closed, while the remaining sidewalls (and bottom slab) include
openings.
[0060] In addition, "end cap modules" may be used at one or more
ends of a single row assemblies. In this arched module component,
fluid may flow through one or more flow orifices in one sidewall
into or out of the component, and fluid does not pass through the
remaining sidewalls. Referring to FIG. 7A, one of the four
sidewalls--lateral sidewall 701--includes an opening. In an
alternate embodiment, a longitudinal sidewall 702 (shown as closed
in the figure) includes an opening. In the half-cube module
component shown in FIG. 7B, sidewall 703 includes an opening
through which fluid may pass, while the remaining sidewalls (e.g.,
704) are closed to contain fluid within the assembly at the
location of the sidewall.
[0061] B. Assembly of Modular Unit from Arched Module
Components
[0062] FIGS. 8 through 10 illustrate schematically an embodiment of
a modular unit 800 assembled using the arched module components
with "half-cube" arched module components 801 along one perimeter
side; internal modules with two longitudinal openings 802 in the
interior; and corner modules 803 and boundary modules placed along
the three remaining perimeter sides.
[0063] In this example, the arched module components of hollow core
construction with two openings on each longitudinal side are
arranged in a repeating, side-by-side configuration in the interior
of the unit. The longitudinal openings of one module component are
aligned with longitudinal openings of an adjacent module component
to form a continuous internal void area for water storage.
Similarly, the lateral openings of one module component are aligned
with corresponding lateral openings of an adjacent module component
to form a continuous internal void area for water storage between
the inlet pipe 901 and outlet pipe 902.
[0064] In addition, the arched module components with a single
opening along a longitudinal side and a lateral side are placed
along a perimeter side of the unit. End unit components with one or
more substantially solid side faces (without openings) are placed
along the remaining perimeter sides. In this example, the arched
module components used in the interior of the unit are identical
and placed in a repeating pattern, as are the half-cube 903 and end
unit 904 arched module components located along a perimeter. It is
contemplated, however, that in some embodiments arched module
components can be used which are not identical or placed in
different configurations. For example, there can be embodiments
where the arched modules differ in the position, size, or shape of
the openings. The shape and overall dimensions of the arched
modules may also differ within a unit.
[0065] One or more riser and cast iron inspection or maintenance
covers 804, 805 can be incorporated along the top surface of the
unit. The riser and inspection or maintenance cover can optionally
be placed along a finished surface to enable access to the unit. An
inlet pipe 806 can be placed through a side of the unit to allow
fluid flow into the unit. An outlet pipe 807 can be placed through
a side of the unit to allow fluid to exit.
[0066] The floor of the unit (and the arched module components that
make up the unit) can be constructed of a solid material,
impermeable to fluid flow, without flow openings. This "closed
floor" configuration can be used for detention (storage) systems.
In another embodiment, the unit, including the arched module
components, can have an "open floor" for retention (infiltration)
systems.
[0067] Typically, when installed underground, the assembly can be
surrounded by a liner. In some embodiments, to allow for storm
water detention (storage), the liner will be impermeable to water
(e.g., PVC plastic), and inflow and outflow from the assembly will
be only through inlet and outlet pipes. In a preferred embodiment,
the exterior of joints and/or seams is sealed with butyl mastic
tape. In other embodiments, to allow for storm water retention
(infiltration) the surrounding liner will be semi-permeable,
allowing water to seep out of the assembly but keeping out coarse
dirt. For example, the system or a portion of the system can be
encased in permeable filter fabric. In yet embodiments, to allow
for rain water harvesting, the system can be encased in
non-permeable liner. In some embodiments, the bottom face openings
of the modular units in the "floor" of unit will include grated
cover panels that allow water to percolate into the underlying
ground.
[0068] It is contemplated that in some embodiments, variations in
relative length of the exterior dimensions of the modular unit may
be implemented due to various design options available to the
ordinary artisan. Generally, the dimensions of the modular units
can vary within a range dependent on one or more design factors
including but not limited to: desired water volume capacity,
desired weight of each modular unit, desired load-bearing tolerance
for each unit, desired amount of water flow to be managed, size and
structure of overall assembly in which unit is used, and/or the
desired access space for inspection and maintenance purposes.
[0069] In addition, in a further embodiment, the arched module
components may be stacked in a vertical configuration. In this
embodiment, in the arched module components and modular units
depicted, the one or more openings are not limited to being in the
side faces of structure, but they can also be formed through the
structure along an axis parallel to the corner pillars (along top
or bottom faces). The openings allow for some water flow through
the modular unit and assemblies of vertically stacked modular units
constructed therefrom. Additionally, the openings allow for the
release of air which can become trapped particularly in hollow core
embodiments of the modular unit.
[0070] Referring to FIG. 11, arched module components can be placed
side-by-side in a single row. In this example, an arched module
component with at least one lateral opening 1102 is placed at an
inlet, while a half cube module component with at least one lateral
opening 1101 is placed at an outlet. Channels are formed through
openings 1103 along the lateral sides of each module, and the
openings are aligned to permit fluid flow through the channels. The
longitudinal sides 1104 are closed. In another example, shown in
FIG. 12, modules may be placed adjacent to each other along
longitudinal sides. Here, internal modules with two longitudinal
openings 1201 are positioned on the inside of the assembly, between
the inlet 1202 and outlet 1203 pipes. Each of the longitudinal
sides 1204 is open, while the lateral sides 1205 are closed.
[0071] C. Materials Used for Modular Unit Construction
[0072] The ordinary artisan can recognize that other materials
commonly used in applications involving underground
retention/detention of water can be employed in the present
invention. In a preferred embodiment, arched modular components are
constructed using pre-cast concrete, as a one-piece design that
provides structural integrity and integral foundation. The arched
modular components can be constructed, for example, to support H
and HS-20 leading conditions, as defined by the Manual for
Condition Evaluation of Bridges, American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). In a preferred
embodiment, the arched module is typically of solid-body
construction due to the greater ease of pre-casting such a
structure. But generally any material that can be molded or cast
might be used to fabricate an arched module component, including
but not limited to polypropylene, high density polyethylene (HDPE),
low-density polyethylene (LDPE), rubber, and aluminum.
[0073] FIGS. 1 through 7 depict embodiments of hollow core
construction. Hollow core construction greatly reduces weight
thereby facilitating storage, transport and assembly of the arched
modules. In another embodiment, the material used for the hollow
core arched module component is injection-molded polymer. In one
embodiment, the polymer selected is a polypropylene, including but
not limited to recycled polypropylene. The ordinary artisan will
recognize that any polymer capable of injection molding could be
used to construct an arched module of the present invention.
Similarly, the ordinary artisan will recognize that a variety of
design selections can be made for the polymer material used to
construct an arched module of the general structure depicted in
FIGS. 1 through 7.
[0074] D. Solid Shell Construction
[0075] In one embodiment, the modular component comprises a solid
shell surface that is impermeable to water. With this solid shell
surface the water flow through the modular component is limited to
the flow orifices in each face of the structure. For example, in
the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, assuming the solid shell surface is
impermeable to water, flow into or out of the substantially
interior volume of the modular unit is restricted to one of the six
openings located along the longitudinal and lateral sides. In
addition, by fitting cover panels, grates, or plug embodiments over
any of these six openings (or in the interior opening), water flow
can be further restricted and/or directed as described.
[0076] Because the solid shell surface limits water flow to those
passages created by the openings of the structure, it is possible
to customize the water flow characteristics of an individual
modular unit or a group of units that are part of a larger
assembly. For example, a row of four modular units in a larger
assembly can be isolated (e.g., by plugging the top, bottom, and
two side-face openings), thereby providing a passage or a "virtual
pipe" for directed water flow horizontally down the row.
[0077] Similarly, the solid shell construction facilitates
isolating a group of modular units inside a water management system
made up of a larger assembly of units. For example, to create a
separate zone to pre-treat water before it enters a
retention/detention zone of the assembly, a group of modular units
can be isolated and fitted with filtration systems that filter the
water passing through them.
[0078] The ability of the solid shell construction to allow
customization of the water flow characteristics of one or a group
of modular units also allows for isolated flow control zones in a
larger assembly. For example, the outlet water flow rate from an
isolated group of modular units can be controlled by fitting the
openings of the units with grated or perforated cover panels.
[0079] Alternatively, an isolated outlet flow control zone can be
created by sleeving a perforated outlet pipe through the openings
of a row of laterally coupled modular units. The perforated outlet
pipe provides a controlled rate of water drainage from the adjacent
separate retention zone of the assembly.
[0080] E. Water Permeable Surfaces
[0081] It is also contemplated that in some embodiments the modular
unit can be constructed of materials having a surface with multiple
small holes or pores. For example, the hollow core structure
embodiment of FIG. 1 with a substantially solid surface (except for
the weep-holes) could be modified by drilling numerous small holes
through surface exterior into the interior hollows.
[0082] It is also contemplated that in applications where the
ability to isolate and internally channel water is not necessary
and/or coarse debris obstructions are not of concern, a modular
unit structure may be used with multiple openings in each face.
Thus, in one embodiment, it is contemplated that modular units in
an assembly are constructed of materials having a perforated,
web-like or lattice structure, rather than a solid shell.
[0083] In an alternative embodiment, it is contemplated that
modular units having solid shell construction impermeable to water
are combined in a single assembly with modular units (or other
water retention/detention structures) having web-like or lattice
type structure that allow water flow in all directions.
[0084] F. Modular Unit Inner Volume and Water Retention/Detention
Capacity
[0085] An arched modular component has a relatively compact yet
strong structure with a hollow interior volume that allows
significant water storage. In one embodiment, the "half cube"
arched modular component is a substantially cuboidal structure, and
the interior volume of the modular unit is substantially spherical.
The radius defining the spherical volume extends from the center of
the modular unit to the center of the plane defined by a face of
the cube (i.e., at the center of an opening in a face). The
interior volume of the modular unit can be defined in relation to
the total volume defined by the outer dimensions of the
substantially cubic modular unit. The ability to utilize higher
relative percentage interior volumes will depend on design option
selections, for example the use of a material capable of
maintaining sufficient structural integrity despite a lower
relative volume.
[0086] In addition to the interior volume, the hollow core
embodiment of the modular component provides volume for the storage
of water throughout the hollow body spaces in the structure. The
total available volume will depend on the hollow core structure
design selected. In this respect, sufficient structure integrity
can be provided by certain materials and structure design choices,
even higher hollow-space volumes may be provided in the modular
unit.
[0087] The designs of the modular unit embodiments depicted in
FIGS. 1 and 7 are scalable. The ordinary artisan will recognize
that the absolute dimensions can be varied based on the range of
design options available, e.g., materials, water management
applications, excavation sites, etc. For example, smaller modular
unit dimensions may be selected for residential water management
applications where less underground water retention/detention
volume is needed or available. Alternatively, larger modular unit
dimensions may be desired for larger industrial applications,
particularly where solid body construction modular units are used
(e.g., pre-cast concrete embodiments). Such solid body units
require larger exterior dimensions in order to create a sufficient
interior volume for water storage.
[0088] In one embodiment (discussed for illustration purposes), the
modular unit is a substantially cuboid hollow core structure with
two openings along a longitudinal side, as depicted in FIG. 1. The
unit is constructed of pre-cast concrete with outside dimensions of
about 6.00 feet in width, 12.00 feet in length, and 3.33 feet (or
40.00 inches) in height. The inside dimensions are about 5.00 feet
in width, 11.00 feet in length, and 2.00 feet (or 24.00 inches) in
height. The weight is about 19,750 lbs (or 9.88 tons). In this
structural embodiment of the modular unit, the storage volume is
about 110 cubic feet (or 821 US gallons).
[0089] In another embodiment, the modular unit is a substantially
cubic hollow core, "half cube" structure with one opening along a
side (as depicted in FIG. 2). The unit is constructed of pre-cast
concrete with outside dimensions of about 6.00 feet in width, 6.00
feet in length, and 3.33 feet (or 40.00 inches) in height. The
inside dimensions are about 5.00 feet in width, 5.00 feet in
length, and 2.00 feet (or 24.00 inches) in height. The weight is
about 9,500 lbs (or 4.75 tons). In this structural embodiment of
the modular unit, the storage volume is about 50 cubic feet (or 374
US gallons). The storage volume of a unit may vary depending on the
system layout, however, and module configuration.
[0090] It is believed that these dimensions for a hollow core,
concrete module component provide a compromise of structural
integrity, convenient weight for ease of assembly, large interior
volume for water storage, and large openings for ease of
maintenance access. It is important to note, however, that he sizes
and storage volumes are provided for illustrative purposes only.
The sizes and corresponding storage volume of a given arched module
units of the present invention can vary depending on the system
layout and module configuration.
[0091] G. Cover Panels, Grates, and Risers for Openings
[0092] The ordinary artisan will recognize that the top, bottom,
and/or side face openings of each modular unit (alone or as part of
a larger assembly) can be fitted with (or easily adapted for
fitting with) any cover panel, plug, plate, grate, fitting, or
valve system, well-known in the art of water management
systems.
[0093] In one embodiment, a top cover panel comprises a removable
circular piece thereby providing an access port. For example, the
top face of an arched modular component can include a circular
center opening with a flange capable of supporting a removable
cover, such as a man-hole type port. The cover panel can retain an
outer groove and inner circular edge that fit the exterior and
interior edges of the top (or bottom) face of a modular unit.
Typically, the access opening will allow access to the assembly of
modular units for cleaning and maintenance.
[0094] Typically, impermeable solid panels would be selected for
top cover panels where it is desired to allow water in-flow via
underground pipe connections into side face openings on the
exterior of an assembly. Grated top cover panels would be selected
where percolation of water through the whole top surface of a
modular unit assembly is desired, thereby allowing restricted water
flow out of the top face opening of the modular units while
preventing passage of large floatables.
[0095] In some embodiments, a riser module that fits the top face
of a modular component can be used as an adapter to adjust the
height of the cover panel. Such a riser module can comprise a
rectangular frame-like structure or a cylindrical structure,
adapted to fit a stacking coupler on the top modular unit of a
stack.
III. Filtration Systems
[0096] As described above, the arched modular units of the present
invention facilitates the incorporation of a range of filtration
devices into underground water management systems made using
assemblies of the components. The ordinary artisan will recognize
that the top, bottom, or side face openings of the modular units,
which align to provide passages for the flow of water through
underground assemblies, can also be adapted to accept standard
filtration devices known in the art. The use of solid shell
construction permits the isolation of individual and/or groups of
modular units thereby permitting water flow to be directed through
filtration systems installed in one or more units. Furthermore, the
modular unit is well-adapted to facilitate access to and
maintenance of incorporated filtration devices due to its
relatively large interior volume and the availability of openings
in each face of the structure. The ability to maintain and/or
replace filtration devices in an underground water management
system with relative ease provides a great advantage in the use of
such systems.
[0097] Additionally, when installed in a modular unit (e.g., as
part of the water inlet module), the incorporated filtration system
provides filtration capacity within the modular underground water
management system. Thus, the ability to incorporate filtration
systems can reduce space demands, reduce construction costs, and
simplify maintenance procedures.
[0098] In one embodiment, the arched modular component can be used
with one or more "media filter" cartridges containing filtering
media designed to capture very fine sediments (typically less than
about 100 .mu.m), nutrients, metals, oils and grease, organics and
bacteria. The media used in the media filter can be customized to
target specific pollutants and/or meet site specific pollutant
removal criteria. The ordinary artisan will recognize that a wide
range of media are available and can be used in the media filter
applications of the present invention. As one example, water flow
can enter the filtering media through the radially positioned inlet
screen of a "radial media filter cartridge design" that is
substantially cylindrical in shape. The treated water exits at the
center of the bottom through an outlet port. There can be an
optional bypass port at the top of the cartridge to accommodate
high flow situations. In an underground system using such media
filter cartridges, the arched module component unit can include an
"inlet bay" comprising an inlet chamber and an adjacent "treatment
chamber" comprising a radial media filter installed in its bottom
face opening. The sides facing the interior of the assembly can be
closed, thereby isolating the inlet water so that it must pass
through the filters. Thus, this inlet bay defines a separate zone
with different water flow and filtration characteristics than the
interior of the rest of the assembly in which some or other units
can be left open. The embodiment can be modified to create an
additional inlet "sump" module beneath the inlet chamber to better
capture coarse debris and sediment and prevent clogging of the
radial media filters.
[0099] In another embodiment, the arched modular component can be
used with a "filter basket" (also referred to herein as a "basket
filter") that captures coarse debris and gross pollutants, (e.g.,
coarse sediment, trash and oils). In one embodiment, the filter
basket is a drop-in style filter that is removable, such as the
FloGard+PLUS.RTM. multipurpose catch basin insert designed to
capture sediment, debris, trash and oils/grease from low (first
flush) flows (KriStar Enterprises, Inc.; Santa Rosa, Calif.). The
removable filter basket can fit in the bottom face opening of a
chamber in a modular component. The three other side face openings
of this modular component are fitted with grated (or perforated)
cover panels, thereby channeling the flow through the basket
filter. In one embodiment, the filtration device is positioned at
the inlet of the assembly, thereby forming an "inlet bay" for the
whole retention/detention system. In alternative embodiments, a
filter basket may be fit in subsequent modules of an assembly, for
example, just before an outlet pipe. In other embodiments of the
water management system, multiple filter baskets may be installed
in an assembly of modular units. For example, one may install a
series of two or more filter baskets with increasingly fine levels
of filtration. Thus, coarse debris and trash would be captured by
the first filter basket (e.g., a chain or metal screen type filter)
and finer sediment and/or oil would be captured by the second
filter basket (e.g., a geotextile liner material filter and/or
optional media pouches). Clip-in filter pouches containing
hydrocarbon capturing media, e.g., Fossil Rock.TM. media pouches
(KriStar Enterprises, Inc.; Santa Rosa, Calif.) can also be
included in the filter basket.
IV. Underground Water Management Systems
[0100] A. Excavation and Installation
[0101] Typical underground water management applications begin by
creating an excavation to a desired dimension, e.g., based on the
water storage requirements for the project and/or the available
"footprint" on the site. The modular nature of the present
invention provides a variety of design options for systems.
Generally, it is contemplated that the dimensions and/or structural
configuration of underground water management systems constructed
using assemblies of modular units can vary dependent on one or more
design factors including but not limited to: desired overall size
of the assembly, desired load-bearing tolerance for assembly,
desired amount of water flow to be managed, number and location of
inlet and outlet pipes, number and location of pre-treatment zones
and filtration systems, and/or the desired access space for
inspection and maintenance purposes.
[0102] For example, a single layer of connected modular units may
be installed where a wider surface area is available but depth of
excavation is limited. The modular units may be placed side by side
and optionally wrapped with a cloth liner or joint tape to seal
joints of the modules. Multiple layers (vertical stacks) or
connected modular units may also be used for deeper spaces.
Further, due to their higher interior volume, the assemblies of
connected modular unit stacks can be designed with surface ports
(e.g., manholes) that provide access for maintenance and/or
cleaning (e.g., changing filters).
[0103] In some embodiments, the modular units are assembled into
customized shapes combining single layers, with stacks, and other
multi-modular unit assemblies as necessary to fit the available
excavation site.
[0104] Depending on the water management application (e.g., storm
water retention or detention), either a filter cloth or plastic
(e.g., PVC) liner is placed beneath and around the assembly of
modular units, thereby forming a semi-permeable or completely water
impermeable envelope around the entire system. Typically, prior to
sealing an assembly in a liner, plugs (solid or grated), may be
placed in the modular unit openings where desired around the
assembly.
[0105] As described above, appropriate inlet and/or outlet pipes
may be fit to the top, bottom, or side face openings on the
exterior of the modular units. Because openings are available
everywhere on the assembly of the modular units, piping into and
out is not limited to any specific side of the assembly. In one
embodiment, cuts are made in the liner to allow the pipes
access.
[0106] After installation of the modular unit assembly and
appropriate piping in an excavation, backfill material can be
placed around and over the system. To enhance the load carrying
capacity of the installed system, geo-grid or other suitable solid
stabilization material may be installed on the top or bottom sides
of the system.
[0107] B. Water Retention/Detention System with Multiple Inlet
Ports
[0108] Underground water management systems based on assemblies of
modular units of the present invention provide the ability to
accept water flow for filtration, retention/and or detention into a
single assembly from a plurality of different sources (and
directions). Generally, filtration systems (e.g., filter basket or
media filter) may be located in any modular unit around the
exterior sides (i.e., the "walls") of the assembly. This ability to
locate the filtration system(s) in close proximity to each of
several inlet pipes eliminates the need to construct multiple (or
one central) pre-treatment device outside the boundaries of the
assembly. This greatly reduces the cost and difficulties of piping
and construction.
[0109] C. System with Separate Zone for Media Filtration
[0110] The ability to create separate zones and control the water
flow characteristics within an assembly of modular units provides a
distinct advantage over underground water management systems
wherein water flow inside the system is unrestricted. Such systems
typically comprise a lattice or web-like structure (e.g., "stacked
milk-crate-like" assemblies) through which water flows freely in
all directions and generally can only function as
retention/detention reservoirs or chambers. It may be possible to
install plastic liners to act as boundaries within such systems,
but generally, internal installation of such a plastic liner is
cumbersome, can interfere with the structural connections (thereby
weakening the structure) and is overall very limited in the types
of customized internal zones it can be used to make.
[0111] The arched module components can be constructed with one or
more internal walls, dividers, or pillars located in the interior
of a component to segregate fluid flows. The use of such structures
isolates areas within the arched module component, thereby allowing
the creation of different water treatment zones within a single
assembly. In one embodiment, the arched module components may be
used with media filtration modules and components in a chamber to
eliminate the need for separate pretreatment systems. The
integration of this chamber within the module also reduces or
eliminates the need for additional piping for pretreatment. The use
of such a system provides the ability to create separate zones and
control the water flow characteristics within an assembly of
modular units, and it provides a distinct advantage over
underground water management systems wherein water flow inside the
system is unrestricted.
[0112] The above disclosure is sufficient to enable one of ordinary
skill in the art to practice the invention, and provides the best
mode of practicing the invention presently contemplated by the
inventor. While there is provided herein a full and complete
disclosure of specific embodiments of this invention, it is not
desired to limit the invention to the exact construction,
dimensional relationships, and operation shown and described.
Various modifications, alternative constructions, design options,
changes and equivalents will readily occur to those skilled in the
art and may be employed, as suitable, without departing from the
true spirit and scope of the invention. Such changes might involve
alternative materials, components, structural arrangements, sizes,
shapes, forms, functions, operational features or the like.
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