U.S. patent application number 13/018043 was filed with the patent office on 2014-04-10 for video distribution systems and methods for multiple users.
This patent application is currently assigned to CHANYU HOLDINGS, LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is J. Bradley Bridges, Larry B. Pearson. Invention is credited to J. Bradley Bridges, Larry B. Pearson.
Application Number | 20140101697 13/018043 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34550114 |
Filed Date | 2014-04-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140101697 |
Kind Code |
A9 |
Pearson; Larry B. ; et
al. |
April 10, 2014 |
VIDEO DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MULTIPLE USERS
Abstract
A video distribution system includes a local network interface
operable to modulate video data to frequency blocks for
communication via a local network. A first frequency block of the
frequency blocks is associated with a first user. The video
distribution system also includes a metrics engine operable to
track at least one metric associated with the first user based on
the video data modulated to the first frequency block.
Inventors: |
Pearson; Larry B.; (San
Antonio, TX) ; Bridges; J. Bradley; (San Antonio,
TX) |
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Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Pearson; Larry B.
Bridges; J. Bradley |
San Antonio
San Antonio |
TX
TX |
US
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
CHANYU HOLDINGS, LLC
Wilmington
DE
|
Prior
Publication: |
|
Document Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20110173656 A1 |
July 14, 2011 |
|
|
Family ID: |
34550114 |
Appl. No.: |
13/018043 |
Filed: |
January 31, 2011 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11932443 |
Oct 31, 2007 |
7908621 |
|
|
13018043 |
|
|
|
|
10696395 |
Oct 29, 2003 |
7310807 |
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11932443 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
725/37 ;
725/78 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04N 21/42204 20130101;
H04N 21/4126 20130101; H04N 7/147 20130101; H04N 21/4383 20130101;
H04N 21/4751 20130101; H04N 21/4753 20130101; H04N 7/106 20130101;
H04N 21/44222 20130101; H04N 21/43615 20130101; H04N 21/4782
20130101; H04N 21/43637 20130101; H04N 21/4122 20130101; H04N
21/4532 20130101; H04N 21/42692 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
725/37 ;
725/78 |
International
Class: |
H04N 7/18 20060101
H04N007/18; H04N 5/445 20110101 H04N005/445 |
Claims
1. A video distribution system, comprising: a local network
interface operable to modulate video data to frequency blocks for
communication via a local network, wherein a first frequency block
of the frequency blocks is associated with a first user; and a
metrics engine operable to track at least one metric associated
with the first user based on the video data modulated to the first
frequency block.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a graphical user
interface (GUI) engine operable to generate a display including
information regarding the at least one metric.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the GUI engine is operable to
send the display including the information regarding the at least
one metric associated with the first user via a second frequency
block that is associated with a second user.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a memory to store
media content, wherein the stored media content includes the video
data.
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a messaging module to
receive an electronic message addressed to a particular user and to
provide information related to the electronic message via the local
network interface.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the messaging module determines
the particular user to which the electronic message is addressed
and communicates the electronic message via a frequency block
associated with the particular user.
7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a memory including
data mapping a plurality of users to a plurality of assigned
frequency blocks.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising an administration
module to generate an administration interface and to send the
administration interface to a display device.
9. A method comprising: outputting a signal from a video
distribution system to a premises network, the signal comprising a
first video data stream modulated to a first frequency band
associated with a first user based on data that links a plurality
of users with associated carrier frequencies.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the data that links the
plurality of users with the associated carrier frequencies is
stored at a memory of the video distribution system.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising receiving user
authentication data, wherein the signal is output in response to
authenticating the first user based on the user authentication
data.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the first video data stream is
output based on media content stored at a memory of the video
distribution system.
13. The method of claim 9, further comprising: receiving a change
request; and modulating a second video data stream on the first
frequency band associated with the first user based on the change
request.
14. A video distribution system comprising: a memory configured to
store data linking a plurality of users with associated carrier
frequencies; and a first network interface operable to output a
signal for communication via a first network, the signal comprising
a first video data stream modulated to a first frequency band
associated with a first user based on the data linking the
plurality of users with the associated carrier frequencies.
15. The system of claim 14, further comprising a radio frequency
communication module to receive a control signal from a remote
control device, wherein in response to the control signal a second
video data stream is modulated to the first frequency band.
16. The system of claim 15, further comprising an access engine to
authenticate that a user of the remote control device is associated
with the first frequency band before modulating the second video
data stream to the first frequency band.
17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a memory including a
block list associated with the first user, wherein the block list
identifies content that the first user is prohibited to access, and
wherein the content associated with the second video data stream is
compared to the block list before the second video data stream is
modulated to the first frequency band.
18. The system of claim 14, further comprising a second network
interface operable to receive a plurality of video data streams
from a second network, the plurality of video data streams
including the first video data stream.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first network comprises a
local area network and the second network comprises a wide area
network.
20. The system of claim 14, further comprising a memory configured
to store parental control settings, wherein the parental control
settings include a limitation on expenses for access to the first
video data stream by the first user.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation of and claims
priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/696,395 (issued
as U.S. Pat. No. 7,310,807), filed Oct. 29, 2003, entitled "SYSTEM
AND METHOD FOR LOCAL VIDEO DISTRIBUTION," and U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/932,443, filed Oct. 31, 2007, entitled
"SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR LOCAL VIDEO DISTRIBUTION," each of which
is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to video content
communication, and more specifically to a system and method for
local video distribution.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Video distribution services like cable television services
and direct broadcast satellite (DBS) television services send a
signal representing several different channels to the premises of
their customers. In many cases, this incoming signal is digital and
represents literally hundreds of different channels. With so many
channels, a consumer may need to employ a device to "tune in" a
given channel. This may be especially true when some of the
channels represent so-called premium channels.
[0004] The "tuning-in" process typically involves parsing the
incoming signal to identify the portions that represent the desired
channel and then decoding those portions. Devices that perform the
parsing and decoding processes may include, among others, a
personal computer executing some video application or a set-top box
(STB). Conventionally, an STB or other tuning device is necessary
for television viewers or customers who wish to use an analog
television set to receive digital broadcasts.
[0005] In many cases, a video distribution service provider will
make an STB and a remote control for that STB available to the
customer. The typical STB will actually rest on top of the
television it supports. If a customer wants to receive the video
distribution service in more than one room of the house or on more
than one television, the customer will likely need to purchase or
secure additional STBs. As the number of televisions to be used
increases, the cost associated with receiving the service may
become too high. The amount of space taken up by multiple STBs may
become too large, and the number of additional remote controls
within the home may become too confusing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of
illustration, elements illustrated in the Figures have not
necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of
some of the elements are exaggerated relative to other elements.
Embodiments incorporating teachings of the present disclosure are
shown and described with respect to the drawings presented herein,
in which:
[0007] FIG. 1 presents a block diagram of a video distribution
system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure;
[0008] FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram for a technique that may be used
to implement teachings of the present disclosure;
[0009] FIG. 3 presents a simplified block diagram for a video
distribution system that incorporates teachings of the present
disclosure; and
[0010] FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram for a technique that may be used
to implement teachings of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0011] As mentioned above, FIG. 1 presents a block diagram of a
video distribution system 10 that incorporates teachings of the
present disclosure. As depicted, system 10 includes an integrated
tuning device 12, which may be an STB, a personal computer
executing a video application, or some other electronic device
capable of performing STB-like functions. As depicted, device 12
includes a network interface adapter 14 providing at least a
portion of a communication path interconnecting device 12 to a wide
area communication network, which may include a cable network, a
direct broadcast satellite (DBS) system, a telecommunication
network, and/or some other network capable of communicating
information to device 12.
[0012] In operation, adapter 14 may receive a multiplexed signal
representing several different video information streams. For
example, a cable service provider may send a signal to each
customer that represents hundreds of broadcast video channels and
several more broadcast audio channels. Satellite television
providers, like DBS providers, may provide even more channels. Many
of the distributed video channels may be "premium" channels, and a
service provider may charge additional monies for viewing a program
on one of these premium channels.
[0013] In some embodiments of device 12, adapter 14 may perform
front-end subsystem functions like signal reception, demodulation,
error correction, signal encoding, and/or other signal
manipulations. Many of these subsystem functions may be provider
specific. For example, a signal coming from a cable head end may
require front end processing that is substantially different than
the processing performed on a DBS signal.
[0014] Adapter 14 may output a processed signal to diplexer 16. As
depicted, device 12 may be capable of performing several high-end
functions. For example, in addition to performing some STB-like
functions, device 12 may also effectively function as a multimedia
desktop computer that runs a variety of advanced services such as
videoconferencing, home networking, Internet Protocol telephony,
Video on Demand (VoD), high-speed Internet Television, personal
video recording, and/or others. Diplexer 16 may facilitate some of
these services by distinguish between upstream and downstream
communication flow. In some embodiments, upstream traffic may be
carried in a defined frequency range that is different than the
defined frequency range of downstream traffic. As such, diplexer 16
may be able to separate upstream from downstream traffic by
reference to the frequency of the signals.
[0015] Diplexer 16 may output a downstream multiplexed signal to a
splitter 18, which may be passive in operation. In some
embodiments, splitter 18 may passively split a signal into
intermediate signals, which may be identical or nearly identical to
each other. As shown, splitter 18 may create three split streams 20
and one downstream data stream 21. Split streams 20 may feed three
separate output modules 22, 24, and 26. As shown, an output module,
like module 22, may include a decoder 28 and a modulator 30.
Because splitting a signal may degrade the noise figure (NF) of a
system, a low noise, high linearity amplifier 32 may be added to
device 12 upstream of splitter 18. In some embodiments, amplifier
32 may be low noise and high linearity so as not to compromise what
is downstream in the signal chain.
[0016] As shown, splitter 18 may also pass a data stream 21 to a
modem 34, which may be integral to or separate from device 12.
Modem 34 may be a cable modem supporting a DOCSIS standard, a
dial-up modem, a wireless modem, a satellite modem, and/or an xDSL
modem. In some embodiments, a tuner 36 may alter stream 21 and
output a signal in a form or modulation schema acceptable to modem
34. On the upstream side, an outgoing signal 38 may pass through
amplifier 40 and into diplexer 16 for delivery to a broader
network, like the Public Internet.
[0017] In some embodiments, module 22 and/or components of module
22 may be remote controllable. In practice, a remote control device
may communicate a request signal to decoder 28 requesting decoder
28 to find and decode a specific video information stream included
in the multiplexed signal. The remote control device may
communicate the request via a radio frequency (RF) signal, an
infrared signal, and/or via some other mechanism. In an embodiment
using RF signaling, the remote control may communicate with decoder
28 via wireless local area network (WLAN) module 42.
[0018] In some embodiments, module 42 may operate as a WLAN hub and
may support communication via a 900 MHz communication signal
similar to those employed by cordless telephones, an 802.11(x)
communication protocol, a Bluetooth communication protocol, or some
other WLAN communication technique. When operating as a WLAN hub,
module 42 may effectively allow device 12 to act as a wireless home
networking hub. As such, other electronic devices in the home, like
computer 44 and televisions 46, 48, and 50 may be able to enjoy
Internet access via device 12 and wireless link 52.
[0019] Device 12 may also include a combiner 54, which may output a
composite signal 56 for communication via a premise network 58.
Composite signal 56 may include various video information streams
modulated onto selected radio frequency (RF) bands. For example,
output from module 22 may be modulated on a carrier frequency
having an assigned frequency range of approximately 60 to 66 MHz.
Output from module 24 may be modulated on a carrier frequency
having an assigned frequency range of approximately 66 to 72 MHz,
and output from module 26 may be modulated on a carrier frequency
having an assigned frequency range of approximately 76 to 82 MHz.
The assigned frequency ranges may correspond to the 6 MHz slices of
the Very High Frequency (VHF) spectrum and the Ultra-High Frequency
(UHF) spectrum assigned by the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) to television channels.
[0020] The FCC established television channels 2 to 6 using 6 MHz
blocks of VHF frequencies between 54 and 88 MHz. Channels 7 to 13
use 6 MHz blocks of VHF between 174 and 216 MHz, and channels 14 to
69 use 6 MHz blocks of UHF frequencies between 470 MHz and 812 MHz.
In many applications, cable service providers use the frequencies
between 88 MHz and 174 MHz for 13 channels of programming and begin
channel 14 at 216 MHz. On cable-ready televisions, a user may
toggle between CATV reception and Antenna reception. This toggling
tells the television's tuner whether to tune around the restricted
blocks in the FCC broadcast plan or to tune "straight through". In
the CATV position, the tuner may start at 88 MHz.
[0021] As mentioned above, combiner 54 may output signal 56 with
information streams representing broadcast channel programs
modulated on carrier frequencies more commonly associated with
Antenna reception. In effect, a cable service provider's broadcast
channel 54, which may carry ESPN programming, may be modulated on a
carrier frequency assigned to channel 7 by the FCC. As such, a user
may be able to tune into the ESPN programming with a non-cable
ready television by tuning the television to channel 7.
[0022] As depicted, device 12 may also include a local memory 60,
which may store, among other things, recorded programming and a map
linking a plurality of users or family members with associated
carrier frequencies. The associated frequencies may be given
approximately 6 MHz slices of the radio frequency spectrum that are
more commonly associated with Antenna reception. A specific user
may input a command identifying a desired video stream like ESPN
programming. In some cases, the programming may be encoded in a
Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) format. As such, the desired
video stream may need to be decoded by decoder 28 before being
modulated on the carrier frequency associated with the specific
user. The modulated signal may be output to premise network 58, and
the user may be able to access the ESPN program by tuning any
premise network connected television like televisions 46, 48, and
50 to the appropriate carrier frequency. In some embodiments, a
given modulator, like modulator 30, may be fixed to output incoming
signals on a predefined carrier frequency.
[0023] In effect, when a given user "changes the channel", the user
causes device 12 to place a different program on the carrier
frequency assigned to that user. If, for example, a family of five
lives in a home with a coaxial cable-based premise network, the
family may connect five different televisions to various cable
outlets throughout the home. Each of the televisions may be set to
Antenna reception, and the family may assign channel 7 to Dad,
channel 8 to Mom, channel 9 to Child1, channel 10 to Child2, and
channel 11 to Child3. If Dad "changes the channel", device 12 may
recognize that Dad wants to watch a different show and may modulate
a video stream representing that show on channel 7's frequency. As
such, Dad may move to any of the five televisions and tune the
television to channel 7 to watch his show.
[0024] In an embodiment where device 12 "knows" which family member
is assigned to a given channel, device 12 may perform additional
tasks. For example, device 12 may present messaging information
addressed to a given user on that user's channel. In operation,
messaging engine 62 may initiate communication of message
information via premise network 58. Message information may
represent a message sent using several different services such as
electronic mail, mobile alerts, Instant Messaging, Short Messaging
Service, Enhanced Messaging Service, and Multi-media Messaging
Service.
[0025] Device 12 may also include enhanced parental control and
metric tracking features. A metric engine 64 may track a metric
associated with a specific user and/or a given information stream.
The metric may include, for example, a video stream content rating,
an amount of time associated with outputting the information
stream, a cost associated with viewing the information stream,
and/or an assigned programming channel for the first video
information stream.
[0026] In the family of five referenced above, Mom may not want
Child2 to watch shows having a "Teen" or above rating. Metric
engine 64 may recognize that Child2 (or someone acting as Child2)
is attempting to have a "Mature" program modulated onto channel
10--the channel assigned to Child2. Metric engine 64 may block the
attempt and cause channel 10 to blue screen. Similarly, Dad may
want to limit Child3 to two hours of television a week. Metric
engine 64 may track "on time" for channel 11--the channel assigned
to Child3. In another example, Mom and Dad may allow Child1 to
watch pay-per-view sports, but may want to limit the total
expenditure to twenty dollars a week. As such, metric engine 64 may
allow specific sports-related premium channels to be modulated onto
channel 9, but only until the cost for such pay-per-view streams
reaches twenty dollars.
[0027] With such advanced programmable features, device 12 may also
include a Web interface engine 66. Engine 66 may allow remote
web-based administration of device 12. Device 12 may also include
local administration features. As shown, graphical user interface
(GUI) engine 68 may be capable of initiating presentation of a GUI
on a television display communicatively coupled to premise network
58. The GUI may also be presented in connection with a Web browser
and a Web browsing session of a user.
[0028] An administrator, which may be Mom in the above-referenced
family, may be presented with an administration screen. The screen
may allow for simplified configuration of the features associated
with device 12. Additionally, the admin screen may allow Mom to
configure or administer a home network that includes device 12.
[0029] As mentioned above, FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram for a
technique 70 that may be used to implement teachings of the present
disclosure. Technique 70 may begin at step 72 when a signal
representing a plurality of programming and/or other information is
received from a broader network. In some embodiments, the received
signal may require some front-end operations, which may occur at
step 74. These operations may include signal reception,
demodulation, error correction, signal encoding, and/or other
signal manipulations. The type and amount of necessary front-end
operations may depend on the source of the received signal.
[0030] At step 76, a pre-processed signal may be passed along
directly or indirectly to a splitter. The splitter may, at step 78,
passively split the incoming signal into a plurality of similar
intermediate signals. The plurality of signals may leave the
splitter and move to a decoding element. The decoding element may
be able to parse through a given intermediate signal to find a
desired information stream included in the signal. The parsing
function may occur at step 80.
[0031] At step 82, the decoding element may decode the desired
information stream. The stream may have been encoded using an MPEG
standard, like MPEG2. Once decoded, a modulator may "place" the
decoded stream on a carrier frequency. The modulation may occur at
step 84. In embodiments like the one depicted in system 10 of FIG.
1, there may be multiple decoder/modulator pairs. Each of the
multiple modulators may have unique assigned carrier frequencies.
As such, the output signals of the multiple modulators may be
combined without fear of excessive interference. The signal
combination may occur at step 86, after which the combined signal
may be output to a premise network at step 88.
[0032] As depicted in technique 70, information associated with a
GUI element may be updated at step 90. In a given embodiment, a
system incorporating teachings of the present disclosure may be
capable of presenting a GUI element that indicates the programming
being distributed to the premise network. For example, an
individual may want to know what show is currently being modulated
on television channels 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. To access this
information, the individual may request display of the GUI element.
By updating GUI element information at step 90, technique 70 helps
ensure that the GUI element contains accurate information.
[0033] As depicted, technique 70 progress to stop at step 92 after
updating the GUI element information. As mentioned above, FIG. 3
presents a simplified block diagram for a video distribution system
94 that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure. System 94
may include an STB-capable device 96 that has several remote
controllable modules 98, 100, and 102. As depicted, modules 98,
100, and 102 may be configured to output a signal modulated to an
assigned frequency block. In operation, a signal may arrive at
device 96 directly or indirectly from a video service provider. For
example, a DBS signal may be captured by a local satellite dish and
fed to device 96 or a cable signal may arrive from a cable head-end
and be fed to device 96.
[0034] The arriving signal may contain a collection of information
streams representing various broadcast programs. The signal may
enter device 96 via interface 104. The signal or some embodiment of
the signal may then be passed to modules 98, 100, and 102. These
modules may be capable of finding information, within the
collection, that represents a specific broadcast program. The
modules may then decode this found information to create a decoded
version of what may have been a selected MPEG encoded video
stream.
[0035] Modules 98, 100, and 102 may be configured to output their
respective found signals to interface 106, which may transfer the
signals to a premise network element 108. The premise network
element may include a piece of coaxial cable, a wireless local area
network node, or some other element capable of communicating
information.
[0036] In operation, modules 98, 100, and 102 may have assigned
frequency blocks defining a carrier frequency on which the modules
should output their respective signals. In some embodiments, these
frequency blocks may correspond to portions of the Very High
Frequency and Ultra-High Frequency portions of the RF spectrum. In
some embodiments of system 94, a module like module 98 may be
addressable and may "listen" for remote control commands directing
its operation.
[0037] As such, system 94 may include a remote control 110 capable
of outputting individual commands to each of the modules. Remote
control 110 may come in several different embodiments. In one
embodiment, remote control 110 may be a wireless telephone that has
Bluetooth functionality such as a class 3 type communication
circuitry. In preferred embodiments, remote control 110 may
communicate with module 98 wirelessly using an RF signal 112.
[0038] In some embodiments, remote control 110 may have an access
engine 114. Access engine 114 may be able to authenticate the user
of remote control 110. For example, a user may want to tell module
98 to put a different broadcast channel on the carrier frequency
assigned to module 98. With reference to the family of five
descriptions above, Dad may want to change from ESPN to CNN. Remote
control 110 may ensure that the user seeking to change Dad's
channel actually is Dad. As such, access engine 114 may prompt Dad
to enter a username and password combination. Access engine 114 may
employ credential schemas other than or in addition to simple
username/password combinations. These schemas could be, for
example, device-based and/or biometric based.
[0039] In response to authentication by access engine 114, remote
control 110 may allow Dad to signal module 98 to output a different
program on channel 7, which may mean module 98 will now modulate
CNN to a carrier frequency having an approximate range of 174 to
180 MHz. As such, Dad may be able to tune television 116, which may
be a premise network connected television, to channel 7 and access
CNN programming.
[0040] As depicted in system 94, television 116 may be connected to
the premise network via wall plate 118. In preferred embodiments,
Dad could take television 116 or another display-capable device and
connect to the premise network via wall plate 120. Again, if Dad
tunes the display device to channel 7, Dad can enjoy CNN
programming.
[0041] As mentioned above in the Brief Description of the Drawings,
FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram for a technique 122 that may be used to
implement teachings of the present disclosure. At step 124, a
system like system 10 of FIG. 1 may allow an administrator to link
users to a given premise network channel. At step 126, one of the
users may indicate a desire to alter the programming available on
their assigned channel, and that user may be prompted to input
credentials. The credentials may be authenticated at step 128, and
the system may receive an authorized input selecting a different
video stream at step 130.
[0042] In an embodiment that allows broadcast channel blocking or
some other form of viewing control, a system executing technique
122 may compare the requested channel against a block list to
determine if the user is allowed to receive the selected channel.
This analysis may be performed at step 132. If the user is not
allowed to view the requested program or information, the user may
be notified, presented with a blue screen, and technique 122 may
progress to stop at step 144.
[0043] If the user is allowed to view the requested program or
information, technique 122 may progress to step 134, and the
appropriate stream may be identified. The stream may be decoded at
step 136 and modulated on to an appropriate carrier frequency at
step 138. The modulated stream may be output to a premise network
at step 140 and, in systems that include metric tracking
functionality; metric tracking may begin at step 142. Technique 122
may then progress to stop at step 144.
[0044] In various embodiments, the remote control may take forms
including wireless and cordless phones, personal digital assistants
with built in communications circuitries, universal remotes,
wireless telephones, cellular telephones, mobile telephones, and
other wireless devices.
[0045] The methods and systems described herein provide for an
adaptable implementation. Although certain embodiments have been
described using specific examples, it will be apparent to those
skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to these few
examples. Additionally, various types of wireless transceivers,
transmitters, receivers, and protocols are currently available
which could be suitable for use in employing the methods as taught
herein. Note also, that although certain illustrative embodiments
have been shown and described in detail herein, along with certain
variants thereof, many other varied embodiments may be constructed
by those skilled in the art.
[0046] The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any
element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to
occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a
critical, required, or essential feature or element of the present
invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not intended to be
limited to the specific form set forth herein, but on the contrary,
it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and
equivalents, as can be reasonably included within the spirit and
scope of the invention as provided by the claims below.
* * * * *