U.S. patent application number 14/017014 was filed with the patent office on 2014-04-03 for il-18 receptor antigen binding proteins.
This patent application is currently assigned to AMGEN INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is AMGEN INC.. Invention is credited to DUNCAN COCHRANE, LOUISE CONROY, MAREK Z. KUBIN, JEFFREY T. MCGREW, JOHN E. SIMS, DIRK E. SMITH.
Application Number | 20140093915 14/017014 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40282148 |
Filed Date | 2014-04-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140093915 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SMITH; DIRK E. ; et
al. |
April 3, 2014 |
IL-18 RECEPTOR ANTIGEN BINDING PROTEINS
Abstract
Provided herein are IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins and
polynucleotides encoding the same. Expression vectors and host
cells comprising the same for production of the antigen binding
proteins are also provided. In addition, provided are compositions
and methods for diagnosing and treating diseases mediated by IL-18
receptor.
Inventors: |
SMITH; DIRK E.; (BAINBRIDGE
ISLAND, WA) ; SIMS; JOHN E.; (SEATTLE, WA) ;
MCGREW; JEFFREY T.; (WOODINVILLE, WA) ; KUBIN; MAREK
Z.; (BAINBRIDGE ISLAND, WA) ; COCHRANE; DUNCAN;
(CAMBRIDGE, GB) ; CONROY; LOUISE; (CAMBRIDGE,
GB) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
AMGEN INC. |
THOUSAND OAKS |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
AMGEN INC.
THOUSAND OAKS
CA
|
Family ID: |
40282148 |
Appl. No.: |
14/017014 |
Filed: |
September 3, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13589984 |
Aug 20, 2012 |
8540993 |
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14017014 |
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12670112 |
Aug 16, 2010 |
8257707 |
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PCT/US2008/071047 |
Jul 24, 2008 |
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13589984 |
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61073142 |
Jun 17, 2008 |
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60951692 |
Jul 24, 2007 |
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60951691 |
Jul 24, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
435/69.6 ;
435/320.1; 435/345; 536/23.53 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 21/04 20180101;
A61P 9/04 20180101; A61P 17/02 20180101; A61P 1/04 20180101; A61P
1/18 20180101; A61P 29/00 20180101; A61P 25/00 20180101; C07K
16/2866 20130101; A61P 1/00 20180101; A61P 37/02 20180101; A61P
11/00 20180101; A61P 37/00 20180101; A61P 11/06 20180101; A61P 9/02
20180101; A61P 9/10 20180101; A61P 3/10 20180101; A61P 43/00
20180101; A61P 9/00 20180101; A61P 1/16 20180101; A61P 17/06
20180101; A61P 37/08 20180101; C07K 2317/76 20130101; A61P 31/18
20180101; A61P 17/00 20180101; C07K 2317/92 20130101; A61P 19/02
20180101; A61P 37/06 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
435/69.6 ;
536/23.53; 435/320.1; 435/345 |
International
Class: |
C07K 16/28 20060101
C07K016/28 |
Claims
1-48. (canceled)
49. A nucleic acid encoding a antibody heavy chain variable region
of an antigen binding protein that binds the human IL-18 receptor,
wherein the antibody heavy chain variable region comprises (a) a
CDRH1 of SEQ ID NO: 104; (b) a CDRH2 of SEQ ID NO:105; and (c) a
CDRH3 of SEQ ID NO: 106.
50. The nucleic acid of claim 49, wherein the antibody heavy chain
variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in
SEQ ID NO:6.
51. The nucleic acid of claim 49, wherein an antibody heavy chain
comprises the antibody heavy chain variable region.
52. The nucleic acid of claim 51, wherein the antibody heavy chain
comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:73.
53. A nucleic acid encoding a antibody light chain variable region
of an antigen binding protein that binds the human IL-18 receptor,
wherein the antibody light chain variable region comprises (a) a
CDRL1 of SEQ ID NO: 173; (b) a CDRL2 of SEQ ID NO:174; and (c) a
CDRL3 of SEQ ID NO: 175.
54. The nucleic acid of claim 53, wherein the antibody light chain
variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in
SEQ ID NO:29.
55. The nucleic acid of claim 53, wherein an antibody light chain
comprises the antibody light chain variable region.
56. The nucleic acid of claim 55, wherein the antibody light chain
comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:75.
57. The nucleic acid of claim 49, further encoding an antibody
light chain variable region of an antigen binding protein that
binds the human IL-18 receptor, wherein the antibody light chain
variable region comprises (a) a CDRL1 of SEQ ID NO: 173; (b) a
CDRL2 of SEQ ID NO:174; and (c) a CDRL3 of SEQ ID NO: 175.
58. The nucleic acid of claim 50, further encoding an antibody
light chain variable region of an antigen binding protein that
binds the human IL-18 receptor, wherein the antibody light chain
variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in
SEQ ID NO:29.
59. The nucleic acid of claim 52, further encoding an antibody
light chain, wherein the antibody light chain comprises the amino
acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:75.
60. The nucleic acid of claim 50, wherein the nucleic acid
comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:40.
61. The nucleic acid of claim 60, wherein the nucleic acid
comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:74.
62. The nucleic acid of claim 54, wherein the nucleic acid
comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:63.
63. The nucleic acid of claim 62, wherein the nucleic acid
comprises the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:76.
64. An expression vector comprising a nucleic acid of claim 49
operably linked to one or more control sequences.
65. The expression vector of claim 64, further comprising a nucleic
acid of claim 53 operably linked to one or more control
sequences.
66. An expression vector comprising a nucleic acid of claim 53
operably linked to one or more control sequences.
67. A host cell for producing an antigen binding protein that binds
the human IL-18 receptor, wherein said host cell comprises: a) a
nucleic acid encoding a antibody heavy chain variable region of an
antigen binding protein that binds the human IL-18 receptor,
wherein the antibody heavy chain variable region comprises (a) a
CDRH1 of SEQ ID NO: 104; (b) a CDRH2 of SEQ ID NO:105; and (c) a
CDRH3 of SEQ ID NO: 106; and b) a nucleic acid encoding a antibody
light chain variable region of an antigen binding protein that
binds the human IL-18 receptor, wherein the antibody light chain
variable region comprises (a) a CDRL1 of SEQ ID NO: 173; (b) a
CDRL2 of SEQ ID NO:174; and (c) a CDRL3 of SEQ ID NO: 175.
68. The host cell of claim 67, wherein the antibody heavy chain
variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in
SEQ ID NO:6.
69. The host cell of claim 67, wherein an antibody heavy chain
comprises the antibody heavy chain variable region.
70. The host cell of claim 69, wherein the antibody heavy chain
comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:73.
71. The host cell of claim 67, wherein the antibody light chain
variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in
SEQ ID NO:29.
72. The host cell of claim 67, wherein an antibody light chain
comprises the antibody light chain variable region.
73. The host cell of claim 72, wherein the antibody light chain
comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:75.
74. The host cell of claim 68, wherein the antibody light chain
variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in
SEQ ID NO:29.
75. The host cell of claim 70, wherein the antibody light chain
comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:75.
76. The host cell of claim 67, wherein the nucleic acid encoding an
antibody heavy chain variable region comprises the nucleotide
sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:40.
77. The host cell of claim 70, wherein the nucleic acid encoding
the antibody heavy chain comprises the nucleotide sequence set
forth in SEQ ID NO:74.
78. The host cell of claim 67, wherein the nucleic acid encoding an
antibody light chain variable region comprises the nucleotide
sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:63.
79. The host cell of claim 73, wherein the nucleic acid encoding
the antibody light chain comprises the nucleotide sequence set
forth in SEQ ID NO:76.
80. The host cell of claim 67, wherein the host cell is a mammalian
cell.
81. The host cell of claim 80, wherein the mammalian cell is a
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell.
82. A process for preparing an antigen binding protein that binds
human IL-18 receptor, the process comprising: a) culturing a host
cell under suitable conditions to express the antigen binding
protein; and b) isolating the antigen binding protein from the
culture of step a), wherein said host cell comprises: i) a nucleic
acid encoding a antibody heavy chain variable region of an antigen
binding protein that binds the human IL-18 receptor, wherein the
antibody heavy chain variable region comprises (a) a CDRH1 of SEQ
ID NO: 104; (b) a CDRH2 of SEQ ID NO:105; and (c) a CDRH3 of SEQ ID
NO: 106; and ii) a nucleic acid encoding a antibody light chain
variable region of an antigen binding protein that binds the human
IL-18 receptor, wherein the antibody light chain variable region
comprises (a) a CDRL1 of SEQ ID NO: 173; (b) a CDRL2 of SEQ ID
NO:174; and (c) a CDRL3 of SEQ ID NO: 175.
Description
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 13/589,984, filed Aug. 20, 2012, now allowed, which is a
divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/670,112, now U.S.
Pat. No. 8,257,707, which is a National Stage application under 35
U.S.C. .sctn.371 of International Application No. PCT/US2008/071047
(which designated the United States), having an international
filing date of Jul. 24, 2008, which claims the priority benefit of
U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61,073,142, filed Jun.
17, 2008, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/951,692,
filed Jul. 24, 2007, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.
No. 60/951,691, filed Jul. 24, 2007 each of which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0002] The present application is being filed along with a Sequence
Listing in electronic format. The Sequence Listing is provided as a
file entitled A-961-US-PCD2_ST25.txt, created Aug. 20, 2013, which
is 138,000 bytes in size. The information in the electronic format
of the Sequence Listing is incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety.
I. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Provided herein are IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins
and polynucleotides encoding the same. Expression vectors and host
cells comprising the same for production of the antigen binding
proteins are also provided. In addition, provided are compositions
and methods for diagnosing and treating diseases mediated by IL-18
receptor.
II. BACKGROUND
[0004] IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1
family of ligands. Okamura et al., 1995, Nature 378:88-91. Also
referred to as IFN-.gamma.-inducing factor, IL-18 is a cytokine
that plays an important role in the TH1 response, primarily by its
ability to induce IFN-.gamma. production in T cells and natural
killer cells. IL-18 is related to the IL-1 family in both structure
and function. In terms of structure, IL-18 and IL-1.beta. share
significant primary amino acid sequences and are both folded as
.beta.-sheet polypeptides. In terms of function, IL-18 induces gene
expression and synthesis of IL-1, TNF, Fas ligand, and several
cytokines.
[0005] The activity of IL-18 is transduced through a signal
transducing pathway initiated by its forming of a IL-18 receptor
(IL-18R) complex. The IL-18R includes a binding chain termed
.alpha.-IL-18 receptor (.alpha.-IL-18R), a member of the IL-IR
family previously identified as the IL-1R-related protein
(IL-1Rrp), and a .beta.-IL-18 receptor (.beta.-IL-18R), also a
member of the IL-1R family and previously identified as AcPL; both
chains are required for signaling. Born et al., 1998, J. Biol.
Chem. 273:29445-50. The IL-18/IL-18R complex recruits
IL-1R-activating kinase and TNF receptor-associated factor-6, which
phosphorylates nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-inducing kinase
with subsequent activation of NFkappaB. IL-18 participates in both
innate and acquired immunity. Dinarello, 1999, J. Allergy Clin.
Immun. 103:11-24.
[0006] Increased levels of IL-18 and/or involvement of IL-18
mediated signals in pathogenesis have been demonstrated in a
variety of human disease states, including autoimmune diseases
(WO2004/002519; WO2005/063290; WO2004/034988; Mallat et al., 2002,
Circ. Res. 91:441-448), hepatic diseases (Finitto et al., 2004,
Liver 53:392-400; Tsutsui et al., 2000, Immunological Reviews
174:192-209; Ludwiczek et al., 2002, J. Clinical Immunology
22:331-337), pancreatic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases
(Gerdes et al, 2002, J. Exp. Med. 195:245-257; WO03/080104;
WO02/060479; WO01/85201; Raeburn et al., 2002, Am. J. Physiol.
Heart Circ. Physiol. 283:H650-H657). Accordingly, it is desirable
to generate new agents capable of modulating the IL-18/IL-18
receptor interaction.
III. SUMMARY
[0007] Provided herein are .alpha.- and .beta.-IL-18 receptor (also
referred to herein collectively as "IL-18 receptor" or "IL-18R")
antigen binding proteins and polynucleotides that encode them. The
IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins inhibit, interfere with, or
modulate at least one of the biological responses mediated by IL-18
and as such can be useful for ameliorating the effects of IL-18
mediated diseases or disorders. Also provided are expression
systems, including cell lines, for the production of .alpha.- and
.beta.-IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins and methods for
diagnosing and treating diseases associated with aberrant IL-18
activity.
[0008] In one embodiment, antigen binding proteins bind the
.alpha.- and .beta.-IL-18 receptor, and comprise (a) a scaffold
structure; and (b) at least one complementary determining region
(CDR), selected from the CDRH regions of any of SEQ ID NOs:89-139
or the CDRL regions of any of SEQ ID NOs:140-190. In this
embodiment, of particular use are antigen binding proteins with a
CDRH3 or CDRL3 region of SEQ ID NO:91, 94, 97, 100, 103, 106, 109,
112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130, 133, 136, 139 or SEQ ID NO:142,
145, 148, 151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 166, 169, 172, 175, 178, 181,
184, 187, 190, respectively. Additional embodiments utilize antigen
binding proteins with one CDR selected from the CDRH regions of any
of SEQ ID NOs:89-139 and a CDRL region of any of SEQ ID NOs:140-190
(e.g., the antigen binding protein has two CDR regions, one heavy
and one light; again, in a specific embodiment the antigen binding
proteins have both a CDRH3 and a CDRL3 region).
[0009] The antigen binding proteins can bind to an IL-18 receptor
.alpha.- or .beta.-chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:71, respectively.
[0010] Described herein are antigen binding proteins that comprise
a heavy chain amino acid sequence that comprises at least one CDR
selected from the group consisting of: (a) a CDRH1 of any of SEQ ID
NOs:89, 92, 95, 98, 101, 104, 107, 110, 113, 116, 119, 122, 125,
128, 131, 134, 137; (b) a CDRH2 of any of SEQ ID NOs:90, 93, 96,
99, 102, 105, 108, 111, 114, 117, 120, 123, 126, 129, 132, 135,
138; and (c) a CDRH3 of any of SEQ ID NOs:91, 94, 97, 100, 103,
106, 109, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130, 133, 136, 139; and/or
a light chain amino acid sequence that comprises at least one CDR
selected from the group consisting of: (a) a CDRL1 of any of SEQ ID
NOs:140, 143, 146, 149, 152, 155, 158, 161, 164, 167, 170, 173,
176, 179, 182, 185, 188; (b) a CDRL2 of any of SEQ ID NOs:141, 144,
147, 150, 153, 156, 159, 162, 165, 168, 171, 174, 177, 180, 183,
186, 189; and (c) a CDRL3 of any of SEQ ID NOs:142, 145, 148, 151,
154, 157, 160, 163, 166, 169, 172, 175, 178, 181, 184, 187,
190.
[0011] In certain aspects, the antigen binding protein comprises a
heavy chain amino acid sequence having a CDRH1, a CDRH2, and a
CDRH3 of any of SEQ ID NOs:89-139, and/or a light chain amino acid
sequence that comprises a CDRL1, a CDRL2, and a CDRL3 of any of SEQ
ID NOs:140-190. Preferred antigen binding proteins comprise a heavy
chain amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ
ID NOs:1-17 and/or a light chain amino acid sequence selected from
the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:18-34. Preferred CDRH3s include
those set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs:91, 94, 97, 100, 103, 106,
109, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130, 133, 136, 139. Preferred
CDRL3s include those set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs:142, 145, 148,
151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 166, 169, 172, 175, 178, 181, 184, 187,
190.
[0012] In certain aspects, the antigen binding protein comprises
one or more IgG heavy or light chains, including those of the
IgG1-, IgG2-IgG3- or IgG4-type. Preferred IgG heavy chains include,
but are not limited to, those set forth in SEQ ID NO:73, 77, 81,
and 85. Preferred IgG light chains include, but are not limited to,
those set forth in SEQ ID NO:75, 79, 83, and 87.
[0013] As described herein, antigen binding proteins that bind to
amino acid residues 250-253 and 267-271 of a three dimensional
structure formed by mature .alpha.-IL-18 receptor (SEQ ID NO:69)
are particularly useful in blocking the interaction of IL-18 with
IL-18 receptor.
[0014] An antigen binding protein can be a monoclonal antibody, a
human antibody, a recombinant antibody, a chimeric antibody, a
humanized antibody, a bispecific antibody, or a fragment thereof.
Antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, a minibody, a
domain antibody, a F(ab) fragment, a F(ab') fragment, a
F(ab').sub.2 fragment, a Fv fragment, a scFv fragment, a Fd
fragment, a diabody, or a single chain antibody molecule.
[0015] In other aspects, provided herein are isolated nucleic acids
encoding one or more IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins. Such
nucleic acids can be comprised within a vector and operably linked
to a control sequence. Also, provided herein are host cells
transformed with such isolated nucleic acids.
[0016] Additionally, provided herein are pharmaceutical
compositions comprising an IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein
and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Such pharmaceutical
compositions are useful in methods for preventing or treating a
condition associated with IL-18 receptor in a patient, which
comprise administering an effective amount thereof to the patient.
Diseases and conditions associated with IL-18 receptor include
inflammatory and autoimmmune diseases (such as psoriasis,
rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Still's
disease, ankylosing spondylitis, osteo arthritis, ulcerative
arthritis, coleliac disease, psoriatic arthritis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, particularly chronic severe
asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, Alzheimer
disease, lupus, allergic rhinitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic
purpura, transplantation, atopic dermatitis, type II diabetes,
Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis,
autoimmune hepatitis, HIV, atopic dermatitis, myasthenia gravis,
sarcoidosis), a hepatic disease (such as hepatitis), a pancreatic
disease (such as chronic pancreatitis or acute pancreatitis), and a
cardiovascular disease (such as acute heart attacks, atheromatous
plaque rupture, post-ischemic heart failure, reperfusion injury,
vascular inflammation, chronic heart failure, artherosclerosis,
cardiovascular complications of rheumatoid arthritis, and
atherogenesis).
[0017] Further provided herein are methods of inhibiting the
binding of IL-18 to IL-18 receptor comprising contacting an IL-18
receptor with an IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein. Upon
binding IL-18 receptor, the IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein
will prevent or block binding of the receptor to IL-18.
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 1I, 1J, 1K, 1L, 1M,
1N, 1O, 1P, and 1Q depict nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of
VH and VL variable domains of .alpha.- and .beta.-IL-18 receptor
antigen binding proteins.
[0019] FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and 2E show the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3
regions of various heavy and light chain variable regions of
antigen binding proteins. The amino acid sequences of the various
heavy and light chain regions are identified in SEQ ID NOs:1-34.
The sequences of the individual CDRs are identified in SEQ ID
NOs:89-190.
[0020] FIGS. 3A and 3B depict an alignment of the amino acid
sequences of heavy and light chain variable sequences of .alpha.-
and .beta.-IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins. The CDR1, CDR2
and CDR3 regions are highlighted in grey.
[0021] FIG. 4 depicts a chart showing various possible combinations
of heavy chain variable regions and light chain variable region
sequences. Shown are dimers of each one heavy and one light chain
variable region. As naturally occurring antibodies typically are
tetramers, an antibody may comprise a combination of two of the
depicted dimers.
[0022] FIG. 5 depicts the portions of the .alpha.-IL-18 receptor
amino acid sequences that form the epitope for a specific antigen
binding protein embodiment.
[0023] FIG. 6 depicts the complete AM.sub.H6 heavy chain nucleotide
and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOs:74 and 73, respectively). The
arrow indicates the cleavage site of the leader sequence.
[0024] FIG. 7 depicts the complete AM.sub.L12 light chain
nucleotide and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOs:76 and 75,
respectively). The arrow indicates the cleavage site of the leader
sequence.
[0025] FIG. 8 depicts the complete AM.sub.H4 heavy chain nucleotide
and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOs:78 and 77, respectively). The
arrow indicates the cleavage site of the leader sequence.
[0026] FIG. 9 depicts the complete AM.sub.L14 light chain
nucleotide and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOs:80 and 79,
respectively). The arrow indicates the cleavage site of the leader
sequence.
[0027] FIG. 10 depicts the complete AM.sub.H9 heavy chain
nucleotide and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOs:82 and 81,
respectively). The arrow indicates the cleavage site of the leader
sequence.
[0028] FIG. 11 depicts the complete AM.sub.L9 light chain
nucleotide and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOs:84 and 83,
respectively). The arrow indicates the cleavage site of the leader
sequence.
[0029] FIG. 12 depicts the complete AM.sub.H11 heavy chain
nucleotide and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOs:86 and 85,
respectively). The arrow indicates the cleavage site of the leader
sequence.
[0030] FIG. 13 depicts the complete AM.sub.L7 light chain
nucleotide and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOs:88 and 87,
respectively). The arrow indicates the cleavage site of the leader
sequence.
V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0031] The section headings used herein are for organizational
purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject
matter described.
[0032] Standard techniques may be used for recombinant DNA,
oligonucleotide synthesis, tissue culture and transformation,
protein purification etc. Enzymatic reactions and purification
techniques may be performed according to the manufacturer's
specifications or as commonly accomplished in the art or as
described herein. The following procedures and techniques may be
generally performed according to conventional methods well known in
the art and as described in various general and more specific
references that are cited and discussed throughout the
specification. See, e.g., Sambrook et al., 2001, Molecular Cloning:
A Laboratory Manual, 3.sup.rd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., which is incorporated herein by
reference for any purpose. Unless specific definitions are
provided, the nomenclature used in connection with, and the
laboratory procedures and techniques of, analytical chemistry,
organic chemistry, and medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry
described herein are those well known and commonly used in the art.
Standard techniques may be used for chemical synthesis, chemical
analyses, pharmaceutical preparation, formulation, and delivery and
treatment of patients.
[0033] A. General Overview
[0034] Provided herein are antigen binding proteins that bind an
.alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18 receptor; the amino acid sequence of the
human .alpha.- and .beta.-IL-18 receptor are depicted in SEQ ID
NOs:69 and 71, respectively. The antigen binding proteins of the
invention comprise a scaffold structure with one or more
complementarity-determining region (CDRs) as depicted in FIGS.
2A-2E, 3A and 3B, namely the CDRH1, CDRH2, CDRH3, CDRL1, CDRL2 and
CDRL3 portion of SEQ ID NOs:1-34 (see, also SEQ ID NOs:89-292,
depicting the amino acid sequences of the various CDRs). In certain
embodiments, the scaffold structure of the antigen binding proteins
is based on antibodies (including, but not limited to, monoclonal
antibodies, human antibodies, murine antibodies, chimeric
antibodies, humanized antibodies, bispecific antibodies), antibody
fragments (such as minibodies, domain antibodies, F(ab) fragments,
F(ab') fragments, F(ab).sub.2 fragments, F(ab').sub.2 fragments, Fv
fragments, scFv fragments, Fd fragments), synthetic antibodies
(sometimes referred to herein as "antibody mimetics"), antibody
fusions (sometimes referred to as "antibody conjugates"), including
Fc fusions. The various structures are further described and
defined hereinbelow.
[0035] .alpha.- and .beta.-IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins
are useful in treating conditions associated with IL-18 activity,
including TH1-driven autoimmune diseases (WO2004/002519;
WO2005/063290; WO2004/034988; Mallat et al., 2002, Circ. Res.
91:441-448), hepatic diseases (Finitto et al., 2004, Liver
53:392-400; Tsutsui et al., 2000, Immunological Reviews
174:192-209; Ludwiczek et al., 2002, J. Clinical Immunology
22:331-337), pancreatic diseases (Yoshida et al., 1998, Anticancer
Res. 18:333-5), and cardiovascular diseases (Gerdes et al, 2002, J.
Exp. Med. 195:245-257; WO03/080104; WO02/060479; WO01/85201;
Raeburn et al., 2002, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
283:H650-H657), as is further described below. Other uses for
antigen binding proteins include, for example, diagnosis of IL-18
associated diseases or conditions and screening assays to determine
the presence or absence of the .alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18 receptor.
Also provided are .alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18 receptor antigen binding
proteins, particularly antigen binding proteins that include at
least one complementarity determining region (CDR) including heavy
and/or light CDRs, as more fully described below, and combinations
thereof.
[0036] The antigen binding proteins of the invention interfere
with, block or modulate the interaction between IL-18 and the IL-18
receptor. In some embodiments, the antigen binding proteins
interrupt the IL-18 pathway, thereby decreasing at least one
biological activity of IL-18, including, but not limited to,
induction of IFN-.gamma. production, induction of killer cell
formation, and enhancement of cytotoxicity of killer cells. As
demonstrated in the Examples herein, antigen binding proteins that
reduce IL-18 induced production of IFN-.gamma. by KG cells include
those comprising AM.sub.H8 and AM.sub.L11, AM.sub.H9 and AM.sub.L9,
AM.sub.H10 and AM.sub.L8, AM.sub.H11 and AM.sub.L7, AM.sub.H15 and
AM.sub.L3, AM.sub.H13 and AM.sub.L4, AM.sub.H13 and AM.sub.L5,
AM.sub.H16 and AM.sub.L2, AM.sub.H2 and AM.sub.L16, AM.sub.H2 and
AM.sub.L17, AM.sub.H1 and AM.sub.L16, AM.sub.H1 and AM.sub.L17,
AM.sub.H4 and AM.sub.L14, AM.sub.H4 and AM.sub.L15, AM.sub.H3 and
AM.sub.L14, AM.sub.H3 and AM.sub.L15, AM.sub.H6 and AM.sub.L12,
AM.sub.H6 and AM.sub.L13, AM.sub.H5 and AM.sub.L12, and AM.sub.H5
and AM.sub.L13.
[0037] The antigen binding proteins of the invention thus may serve
to identify conditions related to IL-18 or IL-18 receptor induced
immune responses. In addition, the antigen binding proteins may be
utilized to regulate and/or suppress IL-18 or IL-18 receptor
mediated immune responses, as such having efficacy in the treatment
and prevention of various diseases caused by excessive immune
responses, e.g., inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, the .alpha.-
and .beta.-IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins of the present
invention can be used for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of
diseases or conditions associated with the IL-18 and IL-18 receptor
mediated signal transduction pathway.
[0038] B. IL-18 Receptor Antigen Binding Proteins
[0039] In one aspect, antigen binding proteins that bind an
.alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18 receptor are provided. By "antigen binding
protein" as used herein is meant a protein that specifically binds
a specified antigen. In specific embodiments, the antigen is a
human .alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18 receptor.
[0040] By "protein," as used herein, is meant at least two
covalently attached amino acids, which includes proteins,
polypeptides, oligopeptides and peptides. In some embodiments, the
two or more covalently attached amino acids are attached by a
peptide bond. The protein may be made up of naturally occurring
amino acids and peptide bonds, for example when the protein is made
recombinantly using expression systems and host cells, as outlined
below. Alternatively, the protein may include synthetic amino acids
(e.g., homophenylalanine, citrulline, ornithine, and norleucine),
or peptidomimetic structures, i.e., "peptide or protein analogs",
such as peptoids (see, Simon et al., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 89:9367, incorporated by reference herein), which can be
resistant to proteases or other physiological and/or storage
conditions. Such synthetic amino acids may be incorporated in
particular when the antigen binding protein is synthesized in vitro
by conventional methods well known in the art. In addition, any
combination of peptidomimetic, synthetic and naturally occurring
residues/structures can be used. "Amino acid" also includes imino
acid residues such as proline and hydroxyproline. The amino acid "R
group" or "side chain" may be in either the (L)- or the
(D)-configuration. In a specific embodiment, the amino acids are in
the (L)- or (D)-configuration.
[0041] In certain aspects, the invention provides recombinant
antigen binding proteins that bind an IL-18 receptor, in some
embodiments a human IL-18 receptor. In this context, a "recombinant
protein" is a protein made using recombinant techniques, i.e.,
through the expression of a recombinant nucleic acid as described
herein. Methods and techniques for the production of recombinant
proteins are well known in the art.
[0042] In some embodiments, the antigen binding proteins are
isolated proteins or substantially pure proteins. An "isolated"
protein is unaccompanied by at least some of the material with
which it is normally associated in its natural state, preferably
constituting at least about 5%, more preferably at least about 50%
by weight of the total protein in a given sample. A "substantially
pure" protein comprises at least about 75% by weight of the total
protein, with at least about 80% being preferred, and at least
about 90% being particularly preferred. The definition includes the
production of an antigen binding protein from one organism in a
different organism or host cell. Alternatively, the protein may be
made at a significantly higher concentration than is normally seen,
through the use of an inducible promoter or high expression
promoter, such that the protein is made at increased concentration
levels.
[0043] The antigen binding proteins can specifically bind to an
IL-18 receptor, preferably a human IL-18 receptor. "Specifically
binds" as used herein means the equilibrium dissociation constant
is at least 10.sup.-6 M, preferably 10.sup.-7 to 10.sup.-10 M, more
preferably <10.sup.-8 to <10.sup.-10 M, even more preferably
<10.sup.-9 to <10.sup.-10 M. In a specific embodiment, the
antigen binding protein binds to a human IL-18 receptor having the
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:69 or 71. An epitope in the
.alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18 receptor to which preferred antigen
binding proteins specifically bind is detailed below.
[0044] In embodiments where the antigen binding protein is used for
therapeutic applications, an important characteristic of an IL-18
receptor antigen binding protein is whether it can inhibit,
interfere with or modulate one or more biological activities of an
IL-18 receptor. In this case, an antigen binding protein binds
specifically and/or substantially inhibits binding of IL-18 to its
receptor when an excess of antibody reduces the quantity of IL-18
bound to IL-18 receptor, or vice versa, by at least about 20%, 40%,
60%, 80%, 85%, or more (for example by measuring binding in an in
vitro competitive binding assay). IL-18 receptor has many distinct
biological effects, which can be measured in many different assays
in different cell types. The ability of an IL-18 receptor antigen
binding protein to inhibit, interfere with, or modulate the
biological activity of IL-18 can be determined, for example, by
measuring the inhibition of IFN-.gamma. release in KG1 cells, as
described in Example 4 or using a similar assay in which the
ability of an antigen binding protein to inhibit IFN-.gamma.
release is measured.
[0045] Not every antigen binding protein that specifically binds to
an antigen can block antigen binding to its normal ligand and thus
inhibit or modulate the biological effects of the antigen. As is
known in the art, such an effect can depend on what portion of the
antigen the antigen binding protein binds to, and on both the
absolute and the relative concentrations of the antigen and the
antigen binding protein, in this case, an IL-18 receptor and the
IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein. To be considered capable of
inhibiting or modulating the biological activity of an IL-18
receptor as meant herein, an antigen binding protein may be able,
for example, to inhibit the release of IFN-.gamma. observed in the
presence of IL-18, as measured in the KG1 cell assay of Example 4
or a similar assay, by at least about 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 85%, 90%,
95%, 99%, or more when the IL-18 concentration is within a range,
for example, at about EC.sub.80 or EC.sub.90, where the effects of
an agent that inhibits its biological activity can be readily
apparent. An EC.sub.80, as meant herein, is the amount of IL-18
required for 80% of the maximal effect of IL-18 to be observed. If
the IL-18 concentration is well above EC.sub.90, effects of an
inhibiting agent may be less apparent due to the excess of IL-18.
The concentration of an antigen binding protein required to
inhibit, interfere with or modulate the biological activity of
IL-18 receptor can vary widely and may depend upon how tightly the
antibody binds to IL-18 receptor. For example, one molecule or less
of an antigen binding protein per molecule of IL-18 may be
sufficient to inhibit, interfere with or modulate biological
activity in the KG1 cell assay. In some embodiments, a ratio of
IL-18 receptor/antibody of about 1,000:1 to about 1:1,000,
including about 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 1:20, 1:40,
1:60, 1:100, 1:500, 1:1,000 or more may be required to inhibit,
interfere with or modulate the biological activity of IL-18
receptor when the IL-18 concentration is from about EC.sub.50 to
about EC.sub.90. Ratios of IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein
between these values are also possible.
[0046] As a general structure, the antigen binding proteins of the
invention comprise (a) a scaffold, and (b) one or a plurality of
CDRs, regions that are determinative to antigen binding specificity
and affinity. A "complementary determining region" or "CDR," as
used herein, refers to a binding protein region that constitutes
the major surface contact points for antigen binding. One or more
CDRs are embedded in the scaffold structure of the antigen binding
protein. The scaffold structure of the antigen binding proteins may
be the framework of an antibody, or fragment or variant thereof, or
may be completely synthetic in nature. The various scaffold
structures of antigen binding proteins are further described
hereinbelow.
[0047] 1. CDRs
[0048] An antigen binding protein may have six CDRs (as typically
does each "arm" of a naturally occurring antibody), for example one
heavy chain CDR1 ("CDRH1"), one heavy chain CDR2 ("CDRH2"), one
heavy chain CDR3 ("CDRH3"), one light chain CDR1 ("CDRL1"), one
light chain CDR2 ("CDRL2"), one light chain CDR3 ("CDRL3"). The
term "naturally occurring" as used throughout the specification in
connection with biological materials such as polypeptides, nucleic
acids, host cells, and the like, refers to materials which are
found in nature. In naturally occurring antibodies, a CDRH1
typically comprises about five (5) to about seven (7) amino acids,
CDRH2 typically comprises about sixteen (16) to about nineteen (19)
amino acids, and CDRH3 typically comprises about three (3) to about
twenty five (25) amino acids. CDRL1 typically comprises about ten
(10) to about seventeen (17) amino acids, CDRL2 typically comprises
about seven (7) amino acids, and CDRL3 typically comprises about
seven (7) to about ten (10) amino acids. Preferred CDRs are
depicted in FIGS. 2A-2E, 3A, and 3B.
[0049] The structure and properties of CDRs within a naturally
occurring antibody are described further in this Section
hereinbelow. Briefly, in a traditional antibody scaffold, the CDRs
are embedded within a framework in the heavy and light chain
variable region where they constitute the regions responsible for
antigen binding and recognition. A variable region comprises at
least three heavy or light chain CDRs, see, supra (Kabat et al.,
1991, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Public
Health Service N.I.H., Bethesda, Md.; see also Chothia and Lesk,
1987, J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917; Chothia et al., 1989, Nature 342:
877-883), within a framework region (designated framework regions
1-4, FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, by Kabat et al., 1991, supra; see also
Chothia and Lesk, 1987, supra). See, infra. The CDRs provided by
the present invention, however, may not only be used to define the
antigen binding domain of a traditional antibody structure, but may
be embedded in a variety of other scaffold structures, as described
herein.
[0050] In certain embodiments, one or more CDRs of an antigen
binding protein are each independently selected from the CDRH
regions of any of SEQ ID NOs:89-139 and the CDRL regions of any of
SEQ ID NOs:140-190. Thus, in one embodiment, the invention provides
an antigen binding protein that binds an .alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18
receptor, wherein said antigen binding protein comprises (a) a
scaffold structure (as described below); and (b) at least one CDR
selected from the CDRH regions of any of SEQ ID NOs:89-139 and the
CDRL regions of any of SEQ ID NOs:140-190. In this embodiment, of
particular use are antigen binding proteins with a CDRH3 or CDRL3
region. Additional embodiments utilize antigen binding proteins
with one CDR selected from the CDRH regions of any of SEQ ID
NOs:89-139 and a CDRL region of any of SEQ ID NOs:140-190 (e.g.,
the antigen binding protein has two CDR regions, one CDRH and one
CDHL, a specific embodiment are antigen binding proteins with both
a CDRH3 and a CDRL3 region).
[0051] As will be appreciated by those in the art, particularly
useful embodiments may contain one, two, three, four, five or six
of independently selected CDRs of SEQ ID NOs:89-190. However, as
will be appreciated by those in the art, specific embodiments
generally utilize combinations of CDRs that are non-repetitive,
e.g., antigen binding proteins are generally not made with two
CDRH2 regions, etc.
[0052] In some embodiments, antigen binding proteins are generated
that comprise a CDRH3 region and a CDRL3 region, particularly with
the CDRH3 region being selected from a CDRH3 region of any of SEQ
ID NOs:91, 94, 97, 100, 103, 106, 109, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124,
127, 130, 133, 136, 139 and the CDRL3 region being selected from a
CDRL3 region of any of SEQ ID NOs:142, 145, 148, 151, 154, 157,
160, 163, 166, 169, 172, 175, 178, 181, 184, 187, 190. Particular
combinations are depicted in FIG. 4.
[0053] In additional embodiments, antigen binding proteins are
utilized that comprise a CDRH1, a CDRH2, and a CDRH3 region
independently selected from SEQ ID NOs:89-139. In more specific
embodiments, of particular use may be antigen binding proteins of
this type that have all three CDRH regions selected from the same
variable region of any of SEQ ID NOs:1-17.
[0054] In further embodiments, antigen binding proteins are
utilized that comprise a CDRL1, a CDRL2, and a CDRL3 region
independently selected from SEQ ID NOs:140-190. In more specific
embodiments, of particular use are antigen binding proteins of this
type that have all three CDRL regions selected from the same
variable region of any of SEQ ID NOs:18-34.
[0055] In an additional embodiment, the antigen binding protein
comprises a CDRH1, CDRH2, and CDRH3 region independently selected
from SEQ ID NOs:89-139, again, in one embodiment with all three
regions selected from the same SEQ ID NO, and a CDRL1, CDRL2, and
CDRL3 region independently selected from SEQ ID NOs:140-190, again,
in one embodiment with all three regions selected from the same
variable region of any of SEQ ID NOs:1-34.
[0056] In yet another aspect of the invention provides for an
antigen binding protein that binds the .alpha.- or .beta. IL-18
receptor where the isolated antigen binding protein comprises a
heavy chain amino acid sequence that comprises a CDRH1, a CDRH2, or
a CDRH3, each selected from any of SEQ ID NOs:89-139, or a fragment
thereof, or a light chain amino acid sequence that comprises a
CDRL1, a CDRL2, or a CDRL3, each selected from any of SEQ ID
NOs:140-190, or a fragment thereof. A heavy or light chain variable
region "fragment," as used herein includes at least one CDR and at
least a portion of a framework region of an antibody framework of
SEQ ID NOs:1-34, said portion comprising at least one amino
acid.
[0057] In yet another aspect, the invention provides for an antigen
binding protein that binds an .alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18 receptor
where the isolated antigen binding protein comprises a heavy chain
amino acid sequence that comprises a CDRH1, a CDRH2, and a CDRH3,
each independently selected from any of SEQ ID NOs:89-139, or a
light chain amino acid sequence that comprises a CDRL1, a CDRL2,
and a CDRL3, each independently selected from any of SEQ ID
NOs:140-190. In a specific embodiment, the CDRs are from the same
contiguous heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs:1-17 or
from the same contiguous light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NOs:18-34.
[0058] A further aspect of the invention provides for an isolated
antigen binding protein that binds an .alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18
receptor where the isolated antigen binding protein comprises a
heavy chain amino acid sequence that comprises a CDRH1, a CDRH2,
and a CDRH3, each independently selected from any of SEQ ID
NOs:89-139, and a light chain amino acid sequence that comprises a
CDRL1, a CDRL2, and a CDRL3, each independently selected from any
of SEQ ID NOs:140-190. In a specific embodiment, the heavy chain
CDRs are from the same contiguous heavy chain amino acid sequence
of SEQ ID NO:1-17 and the light chain CDRs are from the same
contiguous light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18-34.
[0059] An additional aspect of the invention provides for an
isolated antigen binding protein that binds an .alpha.- or
.beta.-IL-18 receptor where the isolated antigen binding protein
comprises a heavy chain amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID
NOs:1-17, or a light chain amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID
NOs:18-34.
[0060] A further aspect of the invention provides for an isolated
antigen binding protein that binds an .alpha.- or .beta.-IL-18
receptor where the isolated antigen binding protein comprises a
heavy chain amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOs:1-17, and a
light chain amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOs:18-34. It is
noted that the any the heavy chain sequences of SEQ ID NOs:1-17 can
be mixed and matched with any of the light chain sequences of SEQ
ID NOs:18-34. The resulting possible combinations are depicted in
FIG. 4. Shown are dimers of a combination of each one heavy and one
light chain variable region. As most antibodies are tetramers, an
antigen binding protein of the invention may comprise any
combination of any two of the depicted dimers thus including both
hetero- and homo-tetramers, with homo-tetramers (e.g., two
identical dimers) being specific.
[0061] In again a further aspect the antigen binding protein of the
invention comprises any of the sequences depicted in SEQ ID
NOs:73-88.
[0062] TABLE 1 provides a brief description of the sequences as
they relate to their sequence identification numbers. The CDRs
within the variable regions of the invention are identified in
FIGS. 2A-2E, 3A and 3B.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Brief Description Of Sequence Listings
Sequence Identification Brief Description Number Amino acid
sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H1 SEQ ID
NO: 1 Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H2 SEQ ID NO: 2 Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy chain
variable region AM.sub.H3 SEQ ID NO: 3 Amino acid sequence encoding
the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H4 SEQ ID NO: 4 Amino acid
sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H5 SEQ ID
NO: 5 Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H6 SEQ ID NO: 6 Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy chain
variable region AM.sub.H7 SEQ ID NO: 7 Amino acid sequence encoding
the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H8 SEQ ID NO: 8 Amino acid
sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H9 SEQ ID
NO: 9 Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H10 SEQ ID NO: 10 Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy
chain variable region AM.sub.H11 SEQ ID NO: 11 Amino acid sequence
encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H12 SEQ ID NO: 12
Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H13 SEQ ID NO: 13 Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy
chain variable region AM.sub.H14 SEQ ID NO: 14 Amino acid sequence
encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H15 SEQ ID NO: 15
Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H16 SEQ ID NO: 16 Amino acid sequence encoding the heavy
chain variable region AM.sub.H17 SEQ ID NO: 17 Amino acid sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L1 SEQ ID NO: 18
Amino acid sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L2 SEQ ID NO: 19 Amino acid sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L3 SEQ ID NO: 20 Amino acid sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L4 SEQ ID NO: 21
Amino acid sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L5 SEQ ID NO: 22 Amino acid sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L6 SEQ ID NO: 23 Amino acid sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L7 SEQ ID NO: 24
Amino acid sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L8 SEQ ID NO: 25 Amino acid sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L9 SEQ ID NO: 26 Amino acid sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L10 SEQ ID NO: 27
Amino acid sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L11 SEQ ID NO: 28 Amino acid sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L12 SEQ ID NO: 29 Amino acid sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L13 SEQ ID NO: 30
Amino acid sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L14 SEQ ID NO: 31 Amino acid sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L15 SEQ ID NO: 32 Amino acid sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L16 SEQ ID NO: 33
Amino acid sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L17 SEQ ID NO: 34 Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy
chain variable region AM.sub.H1 SEQ ID NO: 35 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H2 SEQ ID NO: 36
Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H3 SEQ ID NO: 37 Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy
chain variable region AM.sub.H4 SEQ ID NO: 38 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H5 SEQ ID NO: 39
Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H6 SEQ ID NO: 40 Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy
chain variable region AM.sub.H7 SEQ ID NO: 41 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H8 SEQ ID NO: 42
Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H9 SEQ ID NO: 43 Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy
chain variable region AM.sub.H10 SEQ ID NO: 44 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H11 SEQ ID NO: 45
Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H12 SEQ ID NO: 46 Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy
chain variable region AM.sub.H13 SEQ ID NO: 47 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H14 SEQ ID NO: 48
Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H15 SEQ ID NO: 49 Nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy
chain variable region AM.sub.H16 SEQ ID NO: 50 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H17 SEQ ID NO: 51
Nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L1 SEQ ID NO: 52 Nucleotide sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L2 SEQ ID NO: 53 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L3 SEQ ID NO: 54
Nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L4 SEQ ID NO: 55 Nucleotide sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L5 SEQ ID NO: 56 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L6 SEQ ID NO: 57
Nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L7 SEQ ID NO: 58 Nucleotide sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L8 SEQ ID NO: 59 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L9 SEQ ID NO: 60
Nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L10 SEQ ID NO: 61 Nucleotide sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L11 SEQ ID NO: 62 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L12 SEQ ID NO: 63
Nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L13 SEQ ID NO: 64 Nucleotide sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L14 SEQ ID NO: 65 Nucleotide sequence
encoding the light chain variable region AM.sub.L15 SEQ ID NO: 66
Nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable region
AM.sub.L16 SEQ ID NO: 67 Nucleotide sequence encoding the light
chain variable region AM.sub.L17 SEQ ID NO: 68 Amino acid sequence
of human .alpha.-IL-18 receptor SEQ ID NO: 69 Nucleotide sequence
of human .alpha.-IL-18 receptor SEQ ID NO: 70 Amino acid sequence
of human .beta.-IL-18 receptor SEQ ID NO: 71 Nucleotide sequence of
human .beta.-IL-18 receptor SEQ ID NO: 72 Amino acid sequence of
complete heavy chain of AM.sub.H6 SEQ ID NO: 73 Nucleotide sequence
of complete heavy chain of AM.sub.H6 SEQ ID NO: 74 Amino acid
sequence of complete light chain of AM.sub.L12 SEQ ID NO: 75
Nucleotide sequence of complete light chain of AM.sub.L12 SEQ ID
NO: 76 Amino acid sequence of complete heavy chain of AM.sub.H4 SEQ
ID NO: 77 Nucleotide sequence of complete heavy chain of AM.sub.H4
SEQ ID NO: 78 Amino acid sequence of complete light chain of
AM.sub.L14 SEQ ID NO: 79 Nucleotide sequence of complete light
chain of AM.sub.L14 SEQ ID NO: 80 Amino acid sequence of complete
heavy chain of AM.sub.H9 SEQ ID NO: 81 Nucleotide sequence of
complete heavy chain of AM.sub.H9 SEQ ID NO: 82 Amino acid sequence
of complete light chain of AM.sub.L9 SEQ ID NO: 83 Nucleotide
sequence of complete light chain of AM.sub.L9 SEQ ID NO: 84 Amino
acid sequence of complete heavy chain of AM.sub.H11 SEQ ID NO: 85
Nucleotide sequence of complete heavy chain of AM.sub.H11 SEQ ID
NO: 86 Amino acid sequence of complete light chain of AM.sub.L7 SEQ
ID NO: 87 Nucleotide sequence of complete light chain of AM.sub.L7
SEQ ID NO: 88 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 89, 90, 91 heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H1 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 92, 93, 94 heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H2 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 95, 96, 97 heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H3 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 98, 99, 100 heavy chain variable region
AM.sub.H4 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 101, 102, 103 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H5 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 104, 105, 106 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H6 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 107, 108, 109 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H7 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 110, 111, 112 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H8 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 113, 114, 115 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H9 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 116, 117, 118 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H10 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 119, 120, 121 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H11 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 122, 123, 124 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H12 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 125, 126, 127 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H13 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 128, 129, 130 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H14 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 131, 132, 133 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H15 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 134, 135, 136 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H16 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 137, 138, 139 heavy chain variable
region AM.sub.H17 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 140, 141, 142 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L1 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 143, 144, 145 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L2 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 146, 147, 148 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L3 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 149, 150, 151 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L4 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 152, 153, 154 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L5 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 155, 156, 157 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L6 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 158, 159, 160 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L7 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 161, 162, 163 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L8 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 164, 165, 166 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L9 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 167, 168, 169 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L10 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 170, 171, 172 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L11 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID NO: 173, 174, 175 light chain variable
region AM.sub.L12 Amino acid sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3,
respectively, of SEQ ID
NO: 176, 177, 178 light chain variable region AM.sub.L13 Amino acid
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
179, 180, 181 light chain variable region AM.sub.L14 Amino acid
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
182, 183, 184 light chain variable region AM.sub.L15 Amino acid
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
185, 186, 187 light chain variable region AM.sub.L16 Amino acid
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
188, 189, 190 light chain variable region AM.sub.L17 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
191, 192, 193 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H1 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
194, 195, 196 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H2 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
197, 198, 199 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H3 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
200, 201, 202 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H4 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
203, 204, 205 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H5 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
206, 207, 208 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H6 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
209, 210, 211 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H7 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
212, 213, 214 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H8 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
215, 216, 217 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H9 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
218, 219, 220 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H10 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
221, 222, 223 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H11 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
224, 225, 226 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H12 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
227, 228, 229 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H13 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
230, 231, 232 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H14 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
233, 234, 235 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H15 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
236, 237, 238 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H16 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
239, 240, 241 heavy chain variable region AM.sub.H17 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
242, 243, 244 light chain variable region AM.sub.L1 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
245, 246, 247 light chain variable region AM.sub.L2 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
248, 249, 250 light chain variable region AM.sub.L3 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
251, 252, 253 light chain variable region AM.sub.L4 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
254, 255, 256 light chain variable region AM.sub.L5 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
257, 258, 259 light chain variable region AM.sub.L6 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
260, 261, 262 light chain variable region AM.sub.L7 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
263, 264, 265 light chain variable region AM.sub.L8 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
266, 267, 268 light chain variable region AM.sub.L9 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
269, 270, 271 light chain variable region AM.sub.L10 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
272, 273, 274 light chain variable region AM.sub.L11 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
275, 276, 277 light chain variable region AM.sub.L12 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
278, 279, 280 light chain variable region AM.sub.L13 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
281, 282, 283 light chain variable region AM.sub.L14 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
284, 285, 286 light chain variable region AM.sub.L15 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
287, 288, 289 light chain variable region AM.sub.L16 Nucleotide
sequence encoding CDR1, CDR 2, CDR 3, respectively, of SEQ ID NO:
290, 291, 292 light chain variable region AM.sub.L17
[0063] 2. Scaffolds
[0064] As noted herein, the antigen binding proteins can comprise a
scaffold structure into which the CDR(s) are grafted. The scaffold
structure may be based on antibodies (including, but not limited
to, monoclonal antibodies, human antibodies, murine antibodies,
chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, bispecific antibodies),
antibody fragments (such as minibodies, domain antibodies, F(ab)
fragments, F(ab') fragments, F(ab).sub.2 fragments, F(ab').sub.2
fragments, Fv fragments, scFv fragments, Fd fragments), synthetic
antibodies (sometimes referred to herein as "antibody mimetics"),
antibody fusions (sometimes referred to as "antibody conjugates"),
including Fc fusions. Some embodiments include the use of human
scaffold components. The invention as such at least encompasses any
of the below described scaffolds comprising one or several of the
CDRs as identified in SEQ ID NOs:89-190, preferably of SEQ ID
NOs:89-189, that can bind to and/or inhibit the biological activity
of IL-18 receptor. In some embodiments, the scaffold comprises one
or several heavy chain variable regions as identified in SEQ ID
NOs:1-17, and or one or several light chain variable regions as
identified in any of SEQ ID NOs:18-34. In some embodiments, the
scaffold comprises an IgG chain as identified in any of SEQ ID
NOs:77-88.
[0065] In one embodiment, the scaffold into which one or several
CDRs are grafted is an antibody. As used herein, the term
"antibody" refers to a multimeric protein having a traditional
antibody structure, comprising at least two, more typically four
polypeptide chains. An antibody binds specifically to an antigen
and may be able to inhibit or modulate the biological activity of
the antigen. In certain embodiments, antibodies are produced by
recombinant DNA techniques. In additional embodiments, antibodies
are produced by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of naturally
occurring antibodies.
[0066] Traditional antibody structural units typically comprise a
tetramer. Each tetramer is typically composed of two identical
pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one "light"
(typically having a molecular weight of about 25 kDa) and one
"heavy" chain (typically having a molecular weight of about 50-70
kDa). The amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable
region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily
responsible for antigen recognition. The carboxy-terminal portion
of each chain defines a constant region primarily responsible for
effector function. Human light chains are classified as kappa and
lambda light chains. Heavy chains are classified as mu, delta,
gamma, alpha, or epsilon, and define the antibody's isotype as IgM,
IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, respectively. IgG has several subclasses,
including, but not limited to IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. IgM has
subclasses, including, but not limited to, IgM1 and IgM2.
[0067] Within light and heavy chains, the variable and constant
regions are joined by a "J" region of about twelve (12) or more
amino acids, with the heavy chain also including a "D" region of
about ten (10) more amino acids. See, generally, Paul, W., ed.,
1989, Fundamental Immunology Ch. 7, 2nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. The
variable regions of each light/heavy chain pair form the antibody
binding site.
[0068] Some naturally occurring antibodies, for example found in
camels and llamas, are dimers consisting of two heavy chain and
include no light chains. Muldermans et al., 2001, J. Biotechnol.
74:277-302; Desmyter et al., 2001, J. Biol. Chem. 276:26285-26290.
Crystallographic studies of a camel antibody have revealed that the
CDR3 regions form a surface that interacts with the antigen and
thus is critical for antigen binding like in the more typical
tetrameric antibodies.
[0069] The variable regions of the heavy and light chains typically
exhibit the same general structure of relatively conserved
framework regions (FR) joined by three hypervariable regions, also
called complementarity determining regions or CDRs. The CDRs are
the hypervariable regions of an antibody (or antigen binding
protein, as outlined herein), which are responsible for antigen
recognition and binding. The CDRs from the two chains of each pair
are aligned by the framework regions, enabling binding to a
specific epitope. From N-terminal to C-terminal, both light and
heavy chains comprise the domains FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3
and FR4. The assignment of amino acids to each domain is in
accordance with the definitions of Kabat Sequences of Proteins of
Immunological Interest. Chothia et al., 1987, J. Mol. Biol.
196:901-917; Chothia et al., 1989, Nature 342:878-883.
[0070] CDRs constitute the major surface contact points for antigen
binding. See, e.g., Chothia and Lesk, 1987, J. Mol. Biol.
196:901-917. Further, CDR3 of the light chain and, especially, CDR3
of the heavy chain may constitute the most important determinants
in antigen binding within the light and heavy chain variable
regions. See, e.g., Chothia and Lesk, 1987, supra; Desiderio et
al., 2001, J. Mol. Biol. 310:603-615; Xu and Davis, 2000, Immunity
13:37-45; Desmyter et al., 2001, J. Biol. Chem. 276:26285-26290;
and Muyldermans, 2001, J. Biotechnol. 74:277-302. In some
antibodies, the heavy chain CDR3 appears to constitute the major
area of contact between the antigen and the antibody. Desmyter et
al., 2001, supra. In vitro selection schemes in which CDR3 alone is
varied can be used to vary the binding properties of an antibody.
Muyldermans, 2001, supra; Desiderio et al., 2001, supra.
[0071] Naturally occurring antibody chains typically include a
signal sequence, which directs the antibody chain into the cellular
pathway for protein secretion and which is not present in the
mature antibody. A polynucleotide encoding an antibody chain may
encode a naturally occurring signal sequence or a heterologous
signal sequence as described below.
[0072] In one embodiment, the antigen binding protein is a
monoclonal antibody, with from one (1) to six (6) of the depicted
CDRs of any of SEQ ID NOs:89-190, as outlined herein. The
antibodies of the invention may be of any type including IgM, IgG
(including IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4), IgD, IgA, or IgE antibody. In
specific embodiment, the antigen binding protein is an IgG type
antibody. In an even more specific embodiment, the antigen binding
protein is an IgG2 type antibody.
[0073] In some embodiments, for example when the antigen binding
protein is an antibody with complete heavy and light chains, the
CDRs are all from the same species, e.g., human. In some
embodiments, however, the scaffold components can be a mixture from
different species. As such, if the antigen binding protein is an
antibody, such antibody may be a chimeric antibody and/or a
humanized antibody. In general, both "chimeric antibodies" refer to
antibodies that combine regions from more than one species. For
example, "chimeric antibodies" traditionally comprise variable
region(s) from a mouse (or rat, in some cases) and the constant
region(s) from a human.
[0074] For example in embodiments wherein the antigen binding
protein contains less than six CDRs from the sequences outlined
above, additional CDRs may be either from other species (e.g.,
murine CDRs), or may be different human CDRs than those depicted in
the sequences. For example, human CDRH3 and CDRL3 regions from the
appropriate sequences identified herein may be used, with CDRH1,
CDRH2, CDRL1 and CDRL2 being optionally selected from alternate
species, or different human antibody sequences, or combinations
thereof. For example, the CDRs of the invention can replace the CDR
regions of commercially relevant chimeric or humanized
antibodies.
[0075] Specific embodiments of the invention utilize scaffold
components of the antigen binding proteins that are human
components.
[0076] "Humanized antibodies" generally refer to non-human
antibodies that have had the variable-domain framework regions
swapped for sequences found in human antibodies. Generally, in a
humanized antibody, the entire antibody, except the CDRs, is
encoded by a polynucleotide of human origin or is identical to such
an antibody except within its CDRs. The CDRs, some or all of which
are encoded by nucleic acids originating in a non-human organism,
are grafted into the beta-sheet framework of a human antibody
variable region to create an antibody, the specificity of which is
determined by the engrafted CDRs. The creation of such antibodies
is described in, e.g., WO 92/11018, Jones, 1986, Nature
321:522-525, Verhoeyen et al., 1988, Science 239:1534-1536.
Humanized antibodies can also be generated using mice with a
genetically engineered immune system. Roque et al., 2004,
Biotechnol. Prog. 20:639-654. In the present invention, the
identified CDRs are human, and thus both humanized and chimeric
antibodies in this context include some non-human CDRs; for
example, humanized antibodies may be generated that comprise the
CDRH3 and CDRL3 regions, with one or more of the other CDR regions
being of a different special origin.
[0077] In one embodiment, the IL-18 antigen binding protein is a
multispecific antibody, and notably a bispecific antibody, also
sometimes referred to as "diabodies". These are antibodies that
bind to two (or more) different antigens. Diabodies can be
manufactured in a variety of ways known in the art (Holliger and
Winter, 1993, Current Opinion Biotechnol. 4:446-449), e.g.,
prepared chemically or from hybrid hybridomas.
[0078] In one embodiment, the IL-18 antigen binding protein is a
fully human antibody, i.e., an antibody fully composed of human
components. In this embodiment, as outlined above, specific
structures comprise complete heavy and light chains depicted
comprising the CDR regions depicted in FIGS. 2A-2E, 3A and 3B.
Additional embodiments utilize one or more of the CDRs of the
invention, with the other CDRs, framework regions, J and D regions,
constant regions, etc., coming from other human antibodies. For
example, the CDRs of the invention can replace the CDRs of any
number of human antibodies, particularly commercially relevant
antibodies.
[0079] In one embodiment, the IL-18 antigen binding protein is an
antibody fragment, that is a fragment of any of the antibodies
outlined herein that retain binding specificity to an .alpha.- or
.beta.-IL-18 receptor.
[0080] Specific antibody fragments include, but are not limited to,
(i) the Fab fragment consisting of VL, VH, CL and CH1 domains, (ii)
the Fab' fragment consisting of VL, VH, CL and CH1 domains plus the
heavy chain hinge region; (ii) the Fd fragment consisting of the VH
and CH1 domains, (iii) the Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH
domains of a single antibody; (iv) the dAb fragment (Ward et al.,
1989, Nature 341:544-546) which consists of a single variable, (v)
isolated CDR regions, (vi) F(ab').sub.2 fragments, a bivalent
fragment comprising two linked Fab' fragments (vii) single chain Fv
molecules (scFv), wherein a VH domain and a VL domain are linked by
a peptide linker which allows the two domains to associate to form
an antigen binding site (Bird et al., 1988, Science 242:423-426,
Huston et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:5879-5883),
(viii) bispecific single chain Fv dimers (PCT/US92/09965) and (ix)
"diabodies" or "triabodies", multivalent or multispecific fragments
constructed by gene fusion (Tomlinson et. al., 2000, Methods
Enzymol. 326:461-479; WO94/13804; Holliger et al., 1993, Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:6444-6448). The antibody fragments may
be modified. For example, the molecules may be stabilized by the
incorporation of disulphide bridges linking the VH and VL domains
(Reiter et al., 1996, Nature Biotech. 14:1239-1245). Again, as
outlined herein, the non-CDR components of these fragments are
preferably human sequences.
[0081] In one embodiment, the IL-18 antigen binding protein is a
minibody. Minibodies are minimized antibody-like proteins
comprising a scFv joined to a CH3 domain. Hu et al., 1996, Cancer
Res. 56:3055-3061.
[0082] In one embodiment, the IL-18 antigen binding protein is a
domain antibody; see for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,516. Domain
antibodies (dAbs) are functional binding domains of antibodies,
corresponding to the variable regions of either the heavy (VH) or
light (VL) chains of human antibodies dABs have a molecular weight
of approximately 13 kDa, or less than one-tenth the size of a full
antibody. dABs are well expressed in a variety of hosts including
bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cell systems. In addition, dAbs are
highly stable and retain activity even after being subjected to
harsh conditions, such as freeze-drying or heat denaturation. See,
for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,291,158; 6,582,915; 6,593,081;
6,172,197; US Serial No. 2004/0110941; European Patent 0368684;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,696,245, WO04/058821, WO04/003019 and
WO03/002609.
[0083] In one embodiment, the IL-18 antigen binding protein is an
antibody fusion protein or an antibody fragment fusion, such as an
Fc fusion (sometimes collectively referred to herein as an
"antibody conjugate"). The conjugate partner can be proteinaceous
or non-proteinaceous; the latter generally being generated using
functional groups on the antigen binding protein (see the
discussion on covalent modifications of the antigen binding
proteins) and on the conjugate partner. For example linkers are
known in the art; for example, homo- or hetero-bifunctional linkers
as are well known (see, 1994 Pierce Chemical Company catalog,
technical section on cross-linkers, pages 155-200, incorporated
herein by reference).
[0084] Suitable conjugates include, but are not limited to, labels
as described below, drugs and cytotoxic agents including, but not
limited to, cytotoxic drugs (e.g., chemotherapeutic agents) or
toxins or active fragments of such toxins. Suitable toxins and
their corresponding fragments include diptheria A chain, exotoxin A
chain, ricin A chain, abrin A chain, curcin, crotin, phenomycin,
enomycin and the like. Cytotoxic agents also include radiochemicals
made by conjugating radioisotopes to antigen binding proteins, or
binding of a radionuclide to a chelating agent that has been
covalently attached to the antigen binding protein. Additional
embodiments utilize calicheamicin, auristatins, geldanamycin and
maytansine.
[0085] In one embodiment, the IL-18 antigen binding protein is an
antibody analog, sometimes referred to as "synthetic antibodies."
For example, a variety of recent work utilizes either alternative
protein scaffolds or artificial scaffolds with grafted CDRs. Such
scaffolds include, but are not limited to, mutations introduced to
stabilize the three-dimensional structure of the binding protein as
well as wholly synthetic scaffolds consisting for example of
biocompatible polymers. See, for example, Korndorfer et al., 2003,
Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, Volume 53, Issue
1:121-129. Roque et al., 2004, Biotechnol. Prog. 20:639-654. In
addition, peptide antibody mimetics ("PAMs") can be used, as well
as scaffolds based on antibody mimetics utilizing fibronection
components as a scaffold. Alternate scaffolds that may be used to
produce an IL-18 antigen binding protein are reviewed in Hey et
al., 2005, Trends Biotechnol. 23:514-22 and Binz et al., Nature
Biotechnology 23:1257-68 (both incorporated herein by reference in
their entirety).
[0086] 3. CDR Variants
[0087] Also included within the invention are variants of the
CDRH1, CDRH2, CDRH3, CDRL1, CDRL2 and CDRL3 amino acid sequences
depicted in SEQ ID NOs:89-190. Thus variant CDRs are included
within the definition of CDR as used herein. These variants fall
into one or more of three classes: substitutional, insertional or
deletional variants, with the former being specific.
[0088] As it is known in the art, a number of different programs
can be used to identify the degree of sequence identity or
similarity a protein or nucleic acid has to a known sequence.
[0089] For amino acid sequences, sequence identity and/or
similarity is determined by using standard techniques known in the
art, including, but not limited to, the local sequence identity
algorithm of Smith and Waterman, 1981, Adv. Appl. Math. 2:482, the
sequence identity alignment algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch,
1970, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443, the search for similarity method of
Pearson and Lipman, 1988, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:2444,
computerized implementations of these algorithms (GAP, BESTFIT,
FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package,
Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis.), the
Best Fit sequence program described by Devereux et al., 1984, Nucl.
Acid Res. 12:387-395, preferably using the default settings, or by
inspection. Preferably, percent identity is calculated by FastDB
based upon the following parameters: mismatch penalty of 1; gap
penalty of 1; gap size penalty of 0.33; and joining penalty of 30,
"Current Methods in Sequence Comparison and Analysis,"
Macromolecule Sequencing and Synthesis, Selected Methods and
Applications, pp 127-149 (1988), Alan R. Liss, Inc.
[0090] An example of a useful algorithm is PILEUP. PILEUP creates a
multiple sequence alignment from a group of related sequences using
progressive, pairwise alignments. It can also plot a tree showing
the clustering relationships used to create the alignment. PILEUP
uses a simplification of the progressive alignment method of Feng
& Doolittle, 1987, J. Mol. Evol. 35:351-360; the method is
similar to that described by Higgins and Sharp, 1989, CABIOS
5:151-153. Useful PILEUP parameters including a default gap weight
of 3.00, a default gap length weight of 0.10, and weighted end
gaps.
[0091] Another example of a useful algorithm is the BLAST
algorithm, described in: Altschul et al., 1990, J. Mol. Biol.
215:403-410; Altschul et al., 1997, Nucleic Acids Res.
25:3389-3402; and Karin et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
90:5873-5787. A particularly useful BLAST program is the WU-BLAST-2
program which was obtained from Altschul et al., 1996, Methods in
Enzymology 266:460-480. WU-BLAST-2 uses several search parameters,
most of which are set to the default values. The adjustable
parameters are set with the following values: overlap span=1,
overlap fraction=0.125, word threshold (T)=II. The HSP S and HSP S2
parameters are dynamic values and are established by the program
itself depending upon the composition of the particular sequence
and composition of the particular database against which the
sequence of interest is being searched; however, the values may be
adjusted to increase sensitivity.
[0092] An additional useful algorithm is gapped BLAST as reported
by Altschul et al., 1993, Nucl. Acids Res. 25:3389-3402. Gapped
BLAST uses BLOSUM-62 substitution scores; threshold T parameter set
to 9; the two-hit method to trigger ungapped extensions, charges
gap lengths of k a cost of 10+k; X.sub.u set to 16, and X.sub.g set
to 40 for database search stage and to 67 for the output stage of
the algorithms. Gapped alignments are triggered by a score
corresponding to about 22 bits.
[0093] Generally, the amino acid homology, similarity, or identity
between individual variant CDRs are at least 80% to the sequences
depicted herein, and more typically with preferably increasing
homologies or identities of at least 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%,
95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and almost 100%.
[0094] In a similar manner, "percent (%) nucleic acid sequence
identity" with respect to the nucleic acid sequence of the binding
proteins identified herein is defined as the percentage of
nucleotide residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with
the nucleotide residues in the coding sequence of the antigen
binding protein. A specific method utilizes the BLASTN module of
WU-BLAST-2 set to the default parameters, with overlap span and
overlap fraction set to 1 and 0.125, respectively.
[0095] Generally, the nucleic acid sequence homology, similarity,
or identity between the nucleotide sequences encoding individual
variant CDRs and the nucleotide sequences depicted herein are at
least 60%, and more typically with preferably increasing homologies
or identities of at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%,
93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and almost 100%.
[0096] Homology between nucleotide sequences is often defined by
their ability to hybridize to each other. The term "selectively
hybridize" referred to herein means to detectably and specifically
bind. Polynucleotides, oligonucleotides and fragments thereof in
accordance with the invention selectively hybridize to nucleic acid
strands under hybridization and wash conditions that minimize
appreciable amounts of detectable binding to nonspecific nucleic
acids. High stringency conditions can be used to achieve selective
hybridization conditions as known in the art and discussed
herein.
[0097] High stringency conditions are known in the art; see, for
example Sambrook et al., 2001, supra, and Short Protocols in
Molecular Biology, Second Edition, Ausubel et al. eds., John Wiley
& Sons, 1992, both of which are hereby incorporated by
reference. Stringent conditions are sequence-dependent and will be
different in different circumstances. Longer sequences hybridize
specifically at higher temperatures. An extensive guide to the
hybridization of nucleic acids is found in Tijssen, Techniques In
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology--Hybridization with Nucleic Acid
Probes, "Overview of principles of hybridization and the strategy
of nucleic acid assays" (1993).
[0098] Generally, stringent conditions are selected to be about
5-10.degree. C. lower than the thermal melting point (Tm) for the
specific sequence at a defined ionic strength and pH. The Tm is the
temperature (under defined ionic strength, pH and nucleic acid
concentration) at which 50% of the probes complementary to the
target hybridize to the target sequence at equilibrium (as the
target sequences are present in excess, at Tm, 50% of the probes
are occupied at equilibrium). Stringent conditions will be those in
which the salt concentration is less than about 1.0 M sodium ion,
typically about 0.01 to 1.0 M sodium Ion concentration (or other
salts) at pH 7.0 to 8.3 and the temperature is at least about
30.degree. C. for short probes (e.g., 10 to 50 nucleotides) and at
least about 60.degree. C. for long probes (e.g., greater than 50
nucleotides). Stringent conditions may also be achieved with the
addition of destabilizing agents such as formamide.
[0099] In another embodiment, less stringent hybridization
conditions are used; for example, moderate or low stringency
conditions may be used, as are known in the art; see, Sambrook et
al., 2001, supra; Ausubel et al., 1992, supra, and Tijssen, 1993,
supra.
[0100] The variants according to the invention are ordinarily
prepared by site specific mutagenesis of nucleotides in the DNA
encoding the antigen binding protein, using cassette or PCR
mutagenesis or other techniques well known in the art, to produce
DNA encoding the variant, and thereafter expressing the recombinant
DNA in cell culture as outlined herein. However, antigen binding
protein fragments comprising variant CDRs having up to about
100-150 residues may be prepared by in vitro synthesis using
established techniques. The variants typically exhibit the same
qualitative biological activity as the naturally occurring
analogue, e.g., binding to IL-18 receptor and inhibiting signaling,
although variants can also be selected which have modified
characteristics as will be more fully outlined below.
[0101] Thus, a "variant CDR" is one with the specified homology,
similarity, or identity to the parent CDR of the invention, and
shares biological function, including, but not limited to, at least
90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98% or 99% of the specificity
and/or activity of the parent CDR. For example, the variants
typically will bind to the same IL-18 receptor epitope outlined
below, with a similar inhibition of IL-18 receptor signaling.
[0102] While the site or region for introducing an amino acid
sequence variation is predetermined, the mutation per se need not
be predetermined. For example, in order to optimize the performance
of a mutation at a given site, random mutagenesis may be conducted
at the target codon or region and the expressed antigen binding
protein CDR variants screened for the optimal combination of
desired activity. Techniques for making substitution mutations at
predetermined sites in DNA having a known sequence are well known,
for example, M13 primer mutagenesis and PCR mutagenesis. Screening
of the mutants is done using assays of antigen binding protein
activities, such as IL-18 receptor binding.
[0103] Amino acid substitutions are typically of single residues;
insertions usually will be on the order of from about one (1) to
about twenty (20) amino acid residues, although considerably larger
insertions may be tolerated. Deletions range from about one (1) to
about twenty (20) amino acid residues, although in some cases
deletions may be much larger.
[0104] Substitutions, deletions, insertions or any combination
thereof may be used to arrive at a final derivative or variant.
Generally these changes are done on a few amino acids to minimize
the alteration of the molecule, particularly the immunogenicity and
specificity of the antigen binding protein. However, larger changes
may be tolerated in certain circumstances. When small alterations
in the characteristics of the CDR of the antigen binding protein
are desired, substitutions are generally made in accordance with
the following chart depicted as TABLE 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Original Residue Exemplary Substitutions Ala
Ser Arg Lys Asn Gln, His Asp Glu Cys Ser Gln Asn Glu Asp Gly Pro
His Asn, Gln Ile Leu, Val Leu Ile, Val Lys Arg, Gln, Glu Met Leu,
Ile Phe Met, Leu, Tyr Ser Thr Thr Ser Trp Tyr Tyr Trp, Phe Val Ile,
Leu
[0105] Substantial changes in function or immunological identity
are made by selecting substitutions that are less conservative than
those shown in TABLE 2. For example, substitutions may be made
which more significantly affect: the structure of the polypeptide
backbone in the area of the alteration, for example the
alpha-helical or beta-sheet structure; the charge or hydrophobicity
of the molecule at the target site; or the bulk of the side chain.
The substitutions which in general are expected to produce the
greatest changes in the polypeptide's properties are those in which
(a) a hydrophilic residue, e.g., seryl or threonyl, is substituted
for (or by) a hydrophobic residue, e.g., leucyl, isoleucyl,
phenylalanyl, valyl or alanyl; (b) a cysteine or proline is
substituted for (or by) any other residue; (c) a residue having an
electropositive side chain, e.g., lysyl, arginyl, or histidyl, is
substituted for (or by) an electronegative residue, e.g., glutamyl
or aspartyl; or (d) a residue having a bulky side chain, e.g.,
phenylalanine, is substituted for (or by) one not having a side
chain, e.g., glycine.
[0106] The variants typically exhibit the same qualitative
biological activity and will elicit the same immune response as the
naturally-occurring analogue, although variants also are selected
to modify the characteristics of the antigen binding protein
proteins as needed. Alternatively, the variant may be designed such
that the biological activity of the antigen binding protein is
altered. For example, glycosylation sites may be altered or removed
as discussed herein.
[0107] 4. VH And VL Variants
[0108] As outlined above, in some embodiments the invention
provides antigen binding proteins comprising, or consisting of, a
heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17 and/or a light chain variable
region of SEQ ID NO:18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, or 34, respectively, or fragments thereof as
defined above. Thus, in those embodiments, the antigen binding
protein comprises not only at least one CDR or variant thereof
depicted in SEQ ID NOs:1-34, but also at least part of a depicted
framework sequence. In addition, the invention encompasses variants
of such heavy chain variable sequences or light chain variable
sequences.
[0109] A "variant VH" or "variant heavy chain variable region," and
a "variant VL" or "variant light chain variable region" generally
shares an amino acid homology, similarity, or identity of at least
80% with those depicted herein, and more typically with preferably
increasing homologies or identities of at least 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%,
93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and almost 100%. The nucleic acid
sequence homology, similarity, or identity between the nucleotide
sequences encoding individual variant VHs and VLs and the nucleic
acid sequences depicted herein are at least 60% with those depicted
herein, and more typically with preferably increasing homologies or
identities of at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,
94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and almost 100%. In addition, a
"variant VH" or "variant heavy chain variable region," and a
"variant VL" or "variant light chain variable region" typically
shares the biological function, including, but not limited to, at
least 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98% or 99% of the specificity
and/or activity of the parent CDR. For example, the variants
typically will bind to the same IL-18 receptor epitopes outlined
below, with a similar inhibition of IL-18 receptor signaling.
[0110] Methods of generating variants, as well as methods of
determining sequence homology, similarity, and identitiy, are
outlined supra, see Section V.B.1.
[0111] In some embodiments, constant region variants may also be
included. Preferred constant region variants include those that
alter a biological function of the antibody containing the
variation. For example, the antibody may contain a variation that
alters the antibody's ability to activate complement or induce
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Such variants may
include those that result in an alteration of the glycosylation of
the antibody.
[0112] C. IL-18 Receptor and IL-18 Receptor Epitopes
[0113] By "IL-18 receptor" or "IL-18R" herein is meant the cell
surface receptor that binds to a ligand, including, but not limited
to, IL-18 and as a result initiates a signal transduction pathway
within the cell. The IL-18 receptor complex is made up of an IL-18
binding chain termed ".alpha.-IL-18 receptor" (.alpha.-IL-18R) or
"IL-18R.alpha. chain," and a signaling chain, termed .beta.-IL-18
receptor ".beta.-IL-18 receptor" (".beta.-IL-18R") or "IL-18R.beta.
chain." As used herein, the term "IL-18 receptor" collectively
refers to both the .alpha.- and the .beta.-IL-18 receptor.
[0114] The antigen binding proteins disclosed herein bind to the
IL-18R.alpha. chain, the human amino acid sequence of which is
depicted in SEQ ID NO:69 (its nucleic acid sequence is depicted in
SEQ ID NO:70), or the IL-18R.beta. chain, the human amino acid
sequence of which is depicted in SEQ ID NO:71 (its nucleic acid
sequence is depicted in SEQ ID NO:72). In a specific embodiment,
the IL-18 receptor is human, although in some cases, other species
may be used. In addition, as described below, IL-18 receptor
proteins may also include fragments.
[0115] As is described below, binding of antigen binding proteins
to specific epitopes is specific.
[0116] By "epitope", "antigenic determinant", and grammatical
equivalents herein are meant a region of an antigen, e.g., IL-18
receptor, which can be specifically bound by an antigen binding
protein. As the skilled artisan will appreciate, an epitope can be
linear or conformational. "Linear epitope" refers to an epitope
comprising a sequence of at least about five (5) and not more than
about twenty (20) amino acids connected in a linear fashion, which
amino acids, by themselves or as part of a larger sequence, bind to
an antigen binding protein of the invention. "Conformational
epitope" refers to an epitope whose three dimensional, secondary
and/or tertiary structure can be a substantial aspect of antibody
binding. Generally but not uniformly, amino acids that comprise a
conformational epitope do not comprise a linear sequence of a
protein's primary structure. Thus, a conformational epitope may be
shared by proteins having non-homologous linear amino acid
sequences. Without being bound by theory, a conformational epitope
can be shared because the tertiary structure recognized by an
antibody can be shared between two or more amino acid sequences. In
one embodiment, suitable IL-18 receptor epitopes include any which
are recognized by the antigen binding proteins of the present
invention.
[0117] The invention provides antigen binding proteins recognizing
and binding to a conformational epitope in the third Ig domain of
human IL-18R.alpha., in particular, the region defined by amino
acid residues 243-271, made up by amino acid residues 250-253
(i.e., residues MFGE) and amino acid residues 267-271 (i.e.,
residues MRIMT) of SEQ ID NO:69. The amino acid structure of this
epitope is depicted in FIG. 5. Antigen binding proteins that bind
to this epitope are particularly effective at blocking the
interaction of IL-18 with the IL-18R. Methods of determining the
binding epitope of an antigen binding protein are well known in the
art and one such method is described in Example 4 herein.
[0118] Example 4 demonstrates that certain human IL-18R antigen
binding proteins had significantly reduced ability to bind the
human IL-18R.alpha. when residues within the epitope defined by
amino acids 243-271, e.g., 250-253 or 267-271, were changed to the
corresponding mouse residues. Thus, provided herein are antigen
binding proteins that bind human IL-18R but such binding is reduced
when residues 250-253 of the human IL-18R.alpha. chain are
substituted with the corresponding mouse amino acids. Also provided
herein are antigen binding proteins that bind human IL-18R but such
binding is reduced when residues 267-271 of the human IL-18R.alpha.
chain are substituted with the corresponding mouse amino acids.
[0119] D. Covalent Modifications of Antigen Binding Protein
[0120] Covalent modifications of antigen binding proteins are
included within the scope of this invention, and are generally, but
not always, done post-translationally. For example, several types
of covalent modifications of the antigen binding protein are
introduced into the molecule by reacting specific amino acid
residues of the antigen binding protein with an organic
derivatizing agent that is capable of reacting with selected side
chains or the N- or C-terminal residues.
[0121] Cysteinyl residues most commonly are reacted with
.alpha.-haloacetates (and corresponding amines), such as
chloroacetic acid or chloroacetamide, to give carboxymethyl or
carboxyamidomethyl derivatives. Cysteinyl residues also are
derivatized by reaction with bromotrifluoroacetone,
.alpha.-bromo-.beta.-(5-imidozoyl)propionic acid, chloroacetyl
phosphate, N-alkylmaleimides, 3-nitro-2-pyridyl disulfide, methyl
2-pyridyl disulfide, p-chloromercuribenzoate,
2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol, or
chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole.
[0122] Histidyl residues are derivatized by reaction with
diethylpyrocarbonate at pH 5.5-7.0 because this agent is relatively
specific for the histidyl side chain. Para-bromophenacyl bromide
also is useful; the reaction is preferably performed in 0.1 M
sodium cacodylate at pH 6.0.
[0123] Lysinyl and amino terminal residues are reacted with
succinic or other carboxylic acid anhydrides. Derivatization with
these agents has the effect of reversing the charge of the lysinyl
residues. Other suitable reagents for derivatizing
alpha-amino-containing residues include imidoesters such as methyl
picolinimidate; pyridoxal phosphate; pyridoxal; chloroborohydride;
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; O-methylisourea; 2,4-pentanedione;
and transaminase-catalyzed reaction with glyoxylate.
[0124] Arginyl residues are modified by reaction with one or
several conventional reagents, among them phenylglyoxal,
2,3-butanedione, 1,2-cyclohexanedione, and ninhydrin.
Derivatization of arginine residues requires that the reaction be
performed in alkaline conditions because of the high pK.sub.a of
the guanidine functional group. Furthermore, these reagents may
react with the groups of lysine as well as the arginine
epsilon-amino group.
[0125] The specific modification of tyrosyl residues may be made,
with particular interest in introducing spectral labels into
tyrosyl residues by reaction with aromatic diazonium compounds or
tetranitromethane. Most commonly, N-acetylimidizole and
tetranitromethane are used to form O-acetyl tyrosyl species and
3-nitro derivatives, respectively. Tyrosyl residues are iodinated
using .sup.125I or .sup.131I to prepare labeled proteins for use in
radioimmunoassay, the chloramine T method described above being
suitable.
[0126] Carboxyl side groups (aspartyl or glutamyl) are selectively
modified by reaction with carbodiimides (R'--N.dbd.C.dbd.N--R'),
where R and R' are optionally different alkyl groups, such as
1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinyl-4-ethyl) carbodiimide or
1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl) carbodiimide. Furthermore,
aspartyl and glutamyl residues are converted to asparaginyl and
glutaminyl residues by reaction with ammonium ions.
[0127] Derivatization with bifunctional agents is useful for
crosslinking antigen binding proteins to a water-insoluble support
matrix or surface for use in a variety of methods. Commonly used
crosslinking agents include, e.g.,
1,1-bis(diazoacetyl)-2-phenylethane, glutaraldehyde,
N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, for example, esters with
4-azidosalicylic acid, homobifunctional imidoesters, including
disuccinimidyl esters such as
3,3'-dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate), and bifunctional maleimides
such as bis-N-maleimido-1,8-octane. Derivatizing agents such as
methyl-3-[(p-azidophenyl)dithio]propioimidate yield
photoactivatable intermediates that are capable of forming
crosslinks in the presence of light. Alternatively, reactive
water-insoluble matrices such as cyanogen bromide-activated
carbohydrates and the reactive substrates described in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 3,969,287; 3,691,016; 4,195,128; 4,247,642; 4,229,537; and
4,330,440 are employed for protein immobilization.
[0128] Glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues are frequently
deamidated to the corresponding glutamyl and aspartyl residues,
respectively. Alternatively, these residues are deamidated under
mildly acidic conditions. Either form of these residues falls
within the scope of this invention.
[0129] Other modifications include hydroxylation of proline and
lysine, phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of seryl or threonyl
residues, methylation of the .alpha.-amino groups of lysine,
arginine, and histidine side chains (T. E. Creighton, Proteins:
Structure and Molecular Properties, W. H. Freeman & Co., San
Francisco, pp. 79-86 [1983]), acetylation of the N-terminal amine,
and amidation of any C-terminal carboxyl group.
[0130] 1. Glycosylation
[0131] Another type of covalent modification of the antigen binding
protein included within the scope of this invention comprises
altering the glycosylation pattern of the protein. As is known in
the art, glycosylation patterns can depend on both the sequence of
the protein (e.g., the presence or absence of particular
glycosylation amino acid residues, discussed below), or the host
cell or organism in which the protein is produced. Particular
expression systems are discussed below.
[0132] Glycosylation of polypeptides is typically either N-linked
or O-linked. N-linked refers to the attachment of the carbohydrate
moiety to the side chain of an asparagine residue. The tri-peptide
sequences asparagine-X-serine and asparagine-X-threonine, where X
is any amino acid except proline, are the recognition sequences for
enzymatic attachment of the carbohydrate moiety to the asparagine
side chain. Thus, the presence of either of these tri-peptide
sequences in a polypeptide creates a potential glycosylation site.
O-linked glycosylation refers to the attachment of one of the
sugars N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, or xylose, to a
hydroxyamino acid, most commonly serine or threonine, although
5-hydroxyproline or 5-hydroxylysine may also be used.
[0133] Addition of glycosylation sites to the antigen binding
protein is conveniently accomplished by altering the amino acid
sequence such that it contains one or more of the above-described
tri-peptide sequences (for N-linked glycosylation sites). The
alteration may also be made by the addition of, or substitution by,
one or more serine or threonine residues to the starting sequence
(for O-linked glycosylation sites). For ease, the antigen binding
protein amino acid sequence is preferably altered through changes
at the DNA level, particularly by mutating the DNA encoding the
target polypeptide at preselected bases such that codons are
generated that will translate into the desired amino acids.
[0134] Another means of increasing the number of carbohydrate
moieties on the antigen binding protein is by chemical or enzymatic
coupling of glycosides to the protein. These procedures are
advantageous in that they do not require production of the protein
in a host cell that has glycosylation capabilities for N- and
O-linked glycosylation. Depending on the coupling mode used, the
sugar(s) may be attached to (a) arginine and histidine, (b) free
carboxyl groups, (c) free sulfhydryl groups such as those of
cysteine, (d) free hydroxyl groups such as those of serine,
threonine, or hydroxyproline, (e) aromatic residues such as those
of phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, or (f) the amide group
of glutamine. These methods are described in WO 87/05330 published
Sep. 11, 1987, and in Aplin and Wriston, 1981, CRC Crit. Rev.
Biochem., pp. 259-306.
[0135] Removal of carbohydrate moieties present on the starting
antigen binding protein may be accomplished chemically or
enzymatically. Chemical deglycosylation requires exposure of the
protein to the compound trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, or an
equivalent compound. This treatment results in the cleavage of most
or all sugars except the linking sugar (N-acetylglucosamine or
N-acetylgalactosamine), while leaving the polypeptide intact.
Chemical deglycosylation is described by Hakimuddin et al., 1987,
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 259:52 and by Edge et al., 1981, Anal.
Biochem. 118:131. Enzymatic cleavage of carbohydrate moieties on
polypeptides can be achieved by the use of a variety of endo- and
exo-glycosidases as described by Thotakura et al., 1987, Meth.
Enzymol. 138:350. Glycosylation at potential glycosylation sites
may be prevented by the use of the compound tunicamycin as
described by Duskin et al., 1982, J. Biol. Chem. 257:3105.
Tunicamycin blocks the formation of protein-N-glycoside
linkages.
[0136] 2. PEGylation
[0137] Another type of covalent modification of the antigen binding
protein comprises linking the antigen binding protein to various
nonproteinaceous polymers, including, but not limited to, various
polyols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or
polyoxyalkylenes, in the manner set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,640,835; 4,496,689; 4,301,144; 4,670,417; 4,791,192 or 4,179,337.
In addition, as is known in the art, amino acid substitutions may
be made in various positions within the antigen binding protein to
facilitate the addition of polymers such as PEG.
[0138] 3. Labels And Effector Groups
[0139] In some embodiments, the covalent modification of the
antigen binding proteins of the invention comprises the addition of
one or more labels.
[0140] The term "labeling group" means any detectable label.
Examples of suitable labelling groups include, but are not limited
to, the following: radioisotopes or radionuclides (e.g., .sup.3H,
.sup.14C, .sup.15N, .sup.35S, .sup.90Y, .sup.99Tc, .sup.111In,
.sup.125I, .sup.131I), fluorescent groups (e.g., FITC, rhodamine,
lanthanide phosphors), enzymatic groups (e.g., horseradish
peroxidase, .beta.-galactosidase, luciferase, alkaline
phosphatase), chemiluminescent groups, biotinyl groups, or
predetermined polypeptide epitopes recognized by a secondary
reporter (e.g., leucine zipper pair sequences, binding sites for
secondary antibodies, metal binding domains, epitope tags). In some
embodiments, the labelling group is coupled to the antigen binding
protein via spacer arms of various lengths to reduce potential
steric hindrance. Various methods for labelling proteins are known
in the art and may be used in performing the present invention.
[0141] The term "effector group" means any group coupled to an
antigen binding protein that acts as a cytotoxic agent. Examples
for suitable effector groups are radioisotopes or radionuclides
(e.g., .sup.3H, .sup.14C, .sup.15N, .sup.35S, .sup.90Y, .sup.99Tc,
.sup.111In, .sup.125I, .sup.131I). Other suitable groups include
toxins, therapeutic groups, or chemotherapeutic groups. Examples of
suitable groups include calicheamicin, auristatins, geldanamycin
and maytansine. In some embodiments, the effector group is coupled
to the antigen binding protein via spacer arms of various lengths
to reduce potential steric hindrance.
[0142] In general, labels fall into a variety of classes, depending
on the assay in which they are to be detected: a) isotopic labels,
which may be radioactive or heavy isotopes; b) magnetic labels
(e.g., magnetic particles); c) redox active moieties; d) optical
dyes; enzymatic groups (e.g. horseradish peroxidase,
.beta.-galactosidase, luciferase, alkaline phosphatase); e)
biotinylated groups; and f) predetermined polypeptide epitopes
recognized by a secondary reporter (e.g., leucine zipper pair
sequences, binding sites for secondary antibodies, metal binding
domains, epitope tags, etc.). In some embodiments, the labelling
group is coupled to the antigen binding protein via spacer arms of
various lengths to reduce potential steric hindrance. Various
methods for labelling proteins are known in the art and may be used
in performing the present invention.
[0143] Specific labels include optical dyes, including, but not
limited to, chromophores, phosphors and fluorophores, with the
latter being specific in many instances. Fluorophores can be either
"small molecule" fluores, or proteinaceous fluores.
[0144] By "fluorescent label" is meant any molecule that may be
detected via its inherent fluorescent properties. Suitable
fluorescent labels include, but are not limited to, fluorescein,
rhodamine, tetramethylrhodamine, eosin, erythrosin, coumarin,
methyl-coumarins, pyrene, Malacite green, stilbene, Lucifer Yellow,
Cascade BlueJ, Texas Red, IAEDANS, EDANS, BODIPY FL, LC Red 640, Cy
5, Cy 5.5, LC Red 705, Oregon green, the Alexa-Fluor dyes (Alexa
Fluor 350, Alexa Fluor 430, Alexa Fluor 488, Alexa Fluor 546, Alexa
Fluor 568, Alexa Fluor 594, Alexa Fluor 633, Alexa Fluor 660, Alexa
Fluor 680), Cascade Blue, Cascade Yellow and R-phycoerythrin (PE)
(Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.), FITC, Rhodamine, and Texas Red
(Pierce, Rockford, Ill.), Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7 (Amersham Life Science,
Pittsburgh, Pa.). Suitable optical dyes, including fluorophores,
are described in Molecular Probes Handbook by Richard P. Haugland,
hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
[0145] Suitable proteinaceous fluorescent labels also include, but
are not limited to, green fluorescent protein, including a Renilla,
Ptilosarcus, or Aequorea species of GFP (Chalfie et al., 1994,
Science 263:802-805), EGFP (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Genbank
Accession Number U55762), blue fluorescent protein (BFP, Quantum
Biotechnologies, Inc. 1801 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, 8th Floor,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1J9; Stauber, 1998, Biotechniques
24:462-471; Heim et al., 1996, Curr. Biol. 6:178-182), enhanced
yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP, Clontech Laboratories, Inc.),
luciferase (Ichiki et al., 1993, J. Immunol. 150:5408-5417), .beta.
galactosidase (Nolan et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
85:2603-2607) and Renilla (WO92/15673, WO95/07463, WO98/14605,
WO98/26277, WO99/49019, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,292,658, 5,418,155,
5683888, 5741668, 5777079, 5804387, 5874304, 5876995, 5925558). All
of the above-cited references are expressly incorporated herein by
reference.
[0146] E. Polynucleotides Encoding IL-18 Receptor Antigen Binding
Proteins
[0147] In certain aspects, the invention provides nucleic acid
molecules encoding the IgGs, variable regions and CDRs of SEQ ID
NOs:1-34, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89-190. In one
embodiment, the nucleic acids have the nucleotide sequence of any
of SEQ ID NOs:35-68, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, and
191-292.
[0148] As described herein, a variable region or CDR nucleic acid
encodes a variable region or CDR protein, respectively. By "nucleic
acid" herein is meant any nucleic acid, including both DNA and RNA.
Nucleic acids of the present invention are typically polynucleic
acids; that is, polymers of individual nucleotides that are
covalently joined by 3', 5' phosphodiester bonds.
[0149] Depending on its use, the nucleic acid may be double
stranded, single stranded, or contain portions of both double
stranded or single stranded sequence. As will be appreciated by
those in the art, the depiction of a single strand ("Watson") also
defines the sequence of the other strand ("Crick"); thus the
nucleic acid sequences depicted in SEQ ID NOs:35-68 also include
the complement of these sequences. By the term "recombinant nucleic
acid" herein is meant nucleic acid, originally formed in vitro, in
general, by the manipulation of nucleic acid by endonucleases, in a
form not normally found in nature. Thus an isolated antigen binding
protein nucleic acid, in a linear form, or an expression vector
formed in vitro by ligating DNA molecules that are not normally
joined, are both considered recombinant for the purposes of this
invention. It is understood that once a recombinant nucleic acid is
made and reintroduced into a host cell or organism, it will
replicate non-recombinantly, i.e., using the in vivo cellular
machinery of the host cell rather than in vitro manipulations;
however, such nucleic acids, once produced recombinantly, although
subsequently replicated non-recombinantly, are still considered
recombinant for the purposes of the invention.
[0150] As will be appreciated by those in the art, due to the
degeneracy of the genetic code, an extremely large number of
nucleic acids may be made, all of which encode the CDRs (and heavy
and light chains or other components of the antigen binding
protein) of the present invention. Thus, having identified a
particular amino acid sequence, such as SEQ ID NOs:1-34, those
skilled in the art could make any number of different nucleic
acids, by simply modifying the sequence of one or more codons in a
way which does not change the amino acid sequence of the encoded
protein.
[0151] F. Methods of Producing Antigen Binding Proteins
[0152] The present invention also provides expression systems and
constructs in the form of plasmids, expression vectors,
transcription or expression cassettes which comprise at least one
polynucleotide as above. In addition, the invention provides host
cells comprising such expression systems or constructs.
[0153] Typically, expression vectors used in any of the host cells
will contain sequences for plasmid maintenance and for cloning and
expression of exogenous nucleotide sequences. Such sequences,
collectively referred to as "flanking sequences" in certain
embodiments will typically include one or more of the following
nucleotide sequences: a promoter, one or more enhancer sequences,
an origin of replication, a transcriptional termination sequence, a
complete intron sequence containing a donor and acceptor splice
site, a sequence encoding a leader sequence for polypeptide
secretion, a ribosome binding site, a polyadenylation sequence, a
polylinker region for inserting the nucleic acid encoding the
polypeptide to be expressed, and a selectable marker element. Each
of these sequences is discussed below.
[0154] Optionally, the vector may contain a "tag"-encoding
sequence, i.e., an oligonucleotide molecule located at the 5' or 3'
end of the IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein coding sequence;
the oligonucleotide sequence encodes polyHis (such as hexaHis), or
another "tag" such as FLAG, HA (hemaglutinin influenza virus), or
myc, for which commercially available antibodies exist. This tag is
typically fused to the polypeptide upon expression of the
polypeptide, and can serve as a means for affinity purification or
detection of the IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein from the
host cell. Affinity purification can be accomplished, for example,
by column chromatography using antibodies against the tag as an
affinity matrix. Optionally, the tag can subsequently be removed
from the purified IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein by various
means such as using certain peptidases for cleavage.
[0155] Flanking sequences may be homologous (i.e., from the same
species and/or strain as the host cell), heterologous (i.e., from a
species other than the host cell species or strain), hybrid (i.e.,
a combination of flanking sequences from more than one source),
synthetic or native. As such, the source of a flanking sequence may
be any prokaryotic or eukaryotic organism, any vertebrate or
invertebrate organism, or any plant, provided that the flanking
sequence is functional in, and can be activated by, the host cell
machinery.
[0156] Flanking sequences useful in the vectors of this invention
may be obtained by any of several methods well known in the art.
Typically, flanking sequences useful herein will have been
previously identified by mapping and/or by restriction endonuclease
digestion and can thus be isolated from the proper tissue source
using the appropriate restriction endonucleases. In some cases, the
full nucleotide sequence of a flanking sequence may be known. Here,
the flanking sequence may be synthesized using the methods
described herein for nucleic acid synthesis or cloning.
[0157] Whether all or only a portion of the flanking sequence is
known, it may be obtained using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
and/or by screening a genomic library with a suitable probe such as
an oligonucleotide and/or flanking sequence fragment from the same
or another species. Where the flanking sequence is not known, a
fragment of DNA containing a flanking sequence may be isolated from
a larger piece of DNA that may contain, for example, a coding
sequence or even another gene or genes. Isolation may be
accomplished by restriction endonuclease digestion to produce the
proper DNA fragment followed by isolation using agarose gel
purification, Qiagen.RTM. column chromatography (Chatsworth,
Calif.), or other methods known to the skilled artisan. The
selection of suitable enzymes to accomplish this purpose will be
readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0158] An origin of replication is typically a part of those
prokaryotic expression vectors purchased commercially, and the
origin aids in the amplification of the vector in a host cell. If
the vector of choice does not contain an origin of replication
site, one may be chemically synthesized based on a known sequence,
and ligated into the vector. For example, the origin of replication
from the plasmid pBR322 (New England Biolabs, Beverly, Mass.) is
suitable for most gram-negative bacteria, and various viral origins
(e.g., SV40, polyoma, adenovirus, vesicular stomatitus virus (VSV),
or papillomaviruses such as HPV or BPV) are useful for cloning
vectors in mammalian cells. Generally, the origin of replication
component is not needed for mammalian expression vectors (for
example, the SV40 origin is often used only because it also
contains the virus early promoter).
[0159] A transcription termination sequence is typically located 3'
to the end of a polypeptide coding region and serves to terminate
transcription. Usually, a transcription termination sequence in
prokaryotic cells is a G-C rich fragment followed by a poly-T
sequence. While the sequence is easily cloned from a library or
even purchased commercially as part of a vector, it can also be
readily synthesized using methods for nucleic acid synthesis such
as those described herein.
[0160] A selectable marker gene encodes a protein necessary for the
survival and growth of a host cell grown in a selective culture
medium. Typical selection marker genes encode proteins that (a)
confer resistance to antibiotics or other toxins, e.g., ampicillin,
tetracycline, or kanamycin for prokaryotic host cells; (b)
complement auxotrophic deficiencies of the cell; or (c) supply
critical nutrients not available from complex or defined media.
Specific selectable markers are the kanamycin resistance gene, the
ampicillin resistance gene, and the tetracycline resistance gene.
Advantageously, a neomycin resistance gene may also be used for
selection in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic host cells.
[0161] Other selectable genes may be used to amplify the gene that
will be expressed. Amplification is the process wherein genes that
are required for production of a protein critical for growth or
cell survival are reiterated in tandem within the chromosomes of
successive generations of recombinant cells. Examples of suitable
selectable markers for mammalian cells include dihydrofolate
reductase (DHFR) and promoterless thyrnidine kinase genes.
Mammalian cell transformants are placed under selection pressure
wherein only the transformants are uniquely adapted to survive by
virtue of the selectable gene present in the vector. Selection
pressure is imposed by culturing the transformed cells under
conditions in which the concentration of selection agent in the
medium is successively increased, thereby leading to the
amplification of both the selectable gene and the DNA that encodes
another gene, such as an antigen binding protein antibody that
binds to IL-18 receptor polypeptide. As a result, increased
quantities of a polypeptide such as an IL-18 receptor antigen
binding protein are synthesized from the amplified DNA.
[0162] A ribosome-binding site is usually necessary for translation
initiation of rnRNA and is characterized by a Shine-Dalgarno
sequence (prokaryotes) or a Kozak sequence (eukaryotes). The
element is typically located 3' to the promoter and 5' to the
coding sequence of the polypeptide to be expressed.
[0163] In some cases, such as where glycosylation is desired in a
eukaryotic host cell expression system, one may manipulate the
various pre- or prosequences to improve glycosylation or yield. For
example, one may alter the peptidase cleavage site of a particular
signal peptide, or add prosequences, which also may affect
glycosylation. The final protein product may have, in the -1
position (relative to the first amino acid of the mature protein)
one or more additional amino acids incident to expression, which
may not have been totally removed. For example, the final protein
product may have one or two amino acid residues found in the
peptidase cleavage site, attached to the amino-terminus.
Alternatively, use of some enzyme cleavage sites may result in a
slightly truncated form of the desired polypeptide, if the enzyme
cuts at such area within the mature polypeptide.
[0164] Expression and cloning vectors of the invention will
typically contain a promoter that is recognized by the host
organism and operably linked to the molecule encoding the IL-18
receptor antigen binding protein. Promoters are untranscribed
sequences located upstream (i.e., 5') to the start codon of a
structural gene (generally within about 100 to 1000 bp) that
control transcription of the structural gene. Promoters are
conventionally grouped into one of two classes: inducible promoters
and constitutive promoters. Inducible promoters initiate increased
levels of transcription from DNA under their control in response to
some change in culture conditions, such as the presence or absence
of a nutrient or a change in temperature. Constitutive promoters,
on the other hand, uniformly transcribe gene to which they are
operably linked, that is, with little or no control over gene
expression. A large number of promoters, recognized by a variety of
potential host cells, are well known. A suitable promoter is
operably linked to the DNA encoding heavy chain or light chain
comprising an IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein of the
invention by removing the promoter from the source DNA by
restriction enzyme digestion and inserting the desired promoter
sequence into the vector.
[0165] Suitable promoters for use with yeast hosts are also well
known in the art. Yeast enhancers are advantageously used with
yeast promoters. Suitable promoters for use with mammalian host
cells are well known and include, but are not limited to, those
obtained from the genomes of viruses such as polyoma virus, fowlpox
virus, adenovirus (such as Adenovirus 2), bovine papilloma virus,
avian sarcoma virus, cytomegalovirus, retroviruses, hepatitis-B
virus and most preferably Simian Virus 40 (SV40). Other suitable
mammalian promoters include heterologous mammalian promoters, for
example, heat-shock promoters and the actin promoter.
[0166] Additional promoters which may be of interest include, but
are not limited to: SV40 early promoter (Benoist and Chambon, 1981,
Nature 290:304-310); CMV promoter (Thornsen et al., 1984, Proc.
Natl. Acad. U.S.A. 81:659-663); the promoter contained in the 3'
long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus (Yamamoto et al., 1980,
Cell 22:787-797); herpes thymidine kinase promoter (Wagner et al.,
1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:1444-1445); promoter and
regulatory sequences from the metallothionine gene Prinster et al.,
1982, Nature 296:39-42); and prokaryotic promoters such as the
beta-lactamase promoter (Villa-Kamaroff et al., 1978, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:3727-3731); or the tac promoter (DeBoer et
al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:21-25). Also of
interest are the following animal transcriptional control regions,
which exhibit tissue specificity and have been utilized in
transgenic animals: the elastase I gene control region that is
active in pancreatic acinar cells (Swift et al., 1984, Cell
38:639-646; Ornitz et al., 1986, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant.
50:399-409; MacDonald, 1987, Hepatology 7:425-515); the insulin
gene control region that is active in pancreatic beta cells
(Hanahan, 1985, Nature 315:115-122); the immunoglobulin gene
control region that is active in lymphoid cells (Grosschedl et al.,
1984, Cell 38:647-658; Adames et al., 1985, Nature 318:533-538;
Alexander et al., 1987, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1436-1444); the mouse
mammary tumor virus control region that is active in testicular,
breast, lymphoid and mast cells (Leder et al., 1986, Cell
45:485-495); the albumin gene control region that is active in
liver (Pinkert et al., 1987, Genes and Devel. 1:268-276); the
alpha-feto-protein gene control region that is active in liver
(Krumlauf et al., 1985, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1639-1648; Hammer et
al., 1987, Science 253:53-58); the alpha 1-antitrypsin gene control
region that is active in liver (Kelsey et al., 1987, Genes and
Devel. 1:161-171); the beta-globin gene control region that is
active in myeloid cells (Mogram et al., 1985, Nature 315:338-340;
Kollias et al., 1986, Cell 46:89-94); the myelin basic protein gene
control region that is active in oligodendrocyte cells in the brain
(Readhead et al., 1987, Cell 48:703-712); the myosin light chain-2
gene control region that is active in skeletal muscle (Sani, 1985,
Nature 314:283-286); and the gonadotropic releasing hormone gene
control region that is active in the hypothalamus (Mason et al.,
1986, Science 234:1372-1378).
[0167] An enhancer sequence may be inserted into the vector to
increase transcription of DNA encoding light chain or heavy chain
comprising an IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein of the
invention by higher eukaryotes. Enhancers are cis-acting elements
of DNA, usually about 10-300 bp in length, that act on the promoter
to increase transcription. Enhancers are relatively orientation and
position independent, having been found at positions both 5' and 3'
to the transcription unit. Several enhancer sequences available
from mammalian genes are known (e.g., globin, elastase, albumin,
alpha-feto-protein and insulin). Typically, however, an enhancer
from a virus is used. The SV40 enhancer, the cytomegalovirus early
promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer, and adenovirus enhancers
known in the art are exemplary enhancing elements for the
activation of eukaryotic promoters. While an enhancer may be
positioned in the vector either 5' or 3' to a coding sequence, it
is typically located at a site 5' from the promoter. A sequence
encoding an appropriate native or heterologous signal sequence
(leader sequence or signal peptide) can be incorporated into an
expression vector, to promote extracellular secretion of the
antibody. The choice of signal peptide or leader depends on the
type of host cells in which the antibody is to be produced, and a
heterologous signal sequence can replace the native signal
sequence. Examples of signal peptides that are functional in
mammalian host cells include the following: the signal sequence for
interleukin-7 (IL-7) described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,965,195; the
signal sequence for interleukin-2 receptor described in Cosman et
al., 1984, Nature 312:768; the interleukin-4 receptor signal
peptide described in EP Patent No. 0367 566; the type I
interleukin-1 receptor signal peptide described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,968,607; the type II interleukin-1 receptor signal peptide
described in EP Patent No. 0 460 846.
[0168] Expression vectors of the invention may be constructed from
a starting vector such as a commercially available vector. Such
vectors may or may not contain all of the desired flanking
sequences. Where one or more of the flanking sequences described
herein are not already present in the vector, they may be
individually obtained and ligated into the vector. Methods used for
obtaining each of the flanking sequences are well known to one
skilled in the art.
[0169] After the vector has been constructed and a nucleic acid
molecule encoding light chain, a heavy chain, or a light chain and
a heavy chain comprising an IL-18 receptor antigen binding sequence
has been inserted into the proper site of the vector, the completed
vector may be inserted into a suitable host cell for amplification
and/or polypeptide expression. The transformation of an expression
vector for an IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein into a
selected host cell may be accomplished by well known methods
including transfection, infection, calcium phosphate
co-precipitation, electroporation, microinjection, lipofection,
DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, or other known techniques. The
method selected will in part be a function of the type of host cell
to be used. These methods and other suitable methods are well known
to the skilled artisan, and are set forth, for example, in Sambrook
et al., 2001, supra.
[0170] A host cell, when cultured under appropriate conditions,
synthesizes an IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein that can
subsequently be collected from the culture medium (if the host cell
secretes it into the medium) or directly from the host cell
producing it (if it is not secreted). The selection of an
appropriate host cell will depend upon various factors, such as
desired expression levels, polypeptide modifications that are
desirable or necessary for activity (such as glycosylation or
phosphorylation) and ease of folding into a biologically active
molecule.
[0171] Mammalian cell lines available as hosts for expression are
well known in the art and include, but are not limited to,
immortalized cell lines available from the American Type Culture
Collection (ATCC), including but not limited to Chinese hamster
ovary (CHO) cells, HeLa cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells,
monkey kidney cells (COS), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
(e.g., Hep G2), and a number of other cell lines. In certain
embodiments, cell lines may be selected through determining which
cell lines have high expression levels and constitutively produce
antigen binding proteins with IL-18 receptor binding properties. In
another embodiment, a cell line from the B cell lineage that does
not make its own antibody but has a capacity to make and secrete a
heterologous antibody can be selected.
[0172] G. Use Of IL-18 Receptor Antigen Binding Proteins For
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Purposes
[0173] Antigen binding proteins of the invention are useful for
detecting IL-18 receptor in biological samples and identification
of cells or tissues that produce IL-18 receptor protein. Antigen
binding proteins of the invention that specifically bind to IL-18
receptor may be used in treatment of IL-18 receptor mediated
diseases in a patient in need thereof. For one, the IL-18 receptor
antigen binding proteins of the invention can be used in diagnostic
assays, e.g., binding assays to detect and/or quantify IL-18
receptor expressed in a tissue or cell. In addition, the IL-18
receptor antigen binding protein of the invention can be used to
inhibit IL-18 receptor from forming a complex with its ligand,
e.g., IL-18, thereby modulating the biological activity of IL-18
receptor in a cell or tissue. Antigen binding proteins that bind to
IL-18 receptor thus may modulate and/or block interaction with
other binding compounds and as such may have therapeutic use in
ameliorating IL-18 receptor mediated diseases. In specific
embodiments, IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins may block
IL-18 binding to its receptor, which may result in disruption of
the IL-18 receptor induced signal transduction cascade.
[0174] 1. Indications
[0175] Increased levels of IL-18 and/or involvement of IL-18
mediated signals in disease pathogenesis have been demonstrated in
a variety of conditions and diseases. The antigen binding proteins
of the present invention thus serve to regulate or suppress an
immune response and have efficacy in the treatment and prevention
of various diseases caused by an excessive immune response (see,
WO2004/002519; WO2005/063290; WO2004/034988; Mallat et al., 2002,
Circ. Res. 91:441-448). Accordingly, the IL-18 receptor antigen
binding proteins of the present invention can be used for the
diagnosis, prevention or treatment of diseases or conditions
associated with the IL-18.
[0176] A disease or condition associated with IL-18 means any
disease or condition whose onset in a patient is caused by or
prevented by the interaction of IL-18 with the IL-18 receptor. The
severity of the disease or condition can also be increased or
decreased by the interaction of IL-18 with the IL-18 receptor. For
example, IL-18 is associated with autoimmune diseases
(WO2004/002519; WO2005/063290; WO2004/034988; Mallat et al., 2002,
Circ. Res. 91:441-448), hepatic disease (Finitto et al., 2004,
Liver 53:392-400; Tsutsui et al., 2000, Immunological Reviews
174:192-209; Ludwiczek et al., 2002, J. Clinical Immunology
22:331-337), pancreatic disease and cardiovascular diseases (Gerdes
et al, 2002, J. Exp. Med. 195:245-257; WO03/080104; WO02/060479;
WO01/85201; Raeburn et al., 2002, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ.
Physiol. 283:H650-H657).
[0177] Examples of autoimmune diseases that are associated with
IL-18 include psoriasis, inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid
arthritis (WO2005/063290; Cannetti et al., 2003, J. Immunol.
171:1009-1015; Charles et al., 1999, J. Immunol. 163: 1521-1528;
Cunnane et al., 2000, Online J. Rheumatol. 27:58-63; Yoshimoto,
1998, J. Immunol. 161: 3400-3407), lupus (WO2005/063290), Type I
diabetes, Type II diabetes, Crohn's disease (Niederau, 1997, Online
NLM), inflammatory bowel disease (WO2004/002519), multiple
sclerosis, autoimmune hepatitis (Tsutsui et al., 2000, supra),
primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS), atopic dermatitis (Konishi et al., 2002, Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:11340-11345), myasthenia gravis, and
sarcoidosis.
[0178] In rheumatoid arthritis, elevated levels of mature IL-18
have been demonstrated in patient sera and synovial fluid. In some
studies, IL-18 levels were shown to correlate with disease activity
and response to disease modifying treatment. Extremely elevated
serum levels of IL-18 have consistently been measured in systemic
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and the closely related Adult-Onset
Still's Disease. WO2005/063290; Cannetti et al., 2003, J. Immunol.
171:1009-1015; Charles et al., 1999, J. Immunol. 163: 1521-1528;
Cunnane et al., 2000, Online J. Rheumatol. 27:58-63; Yoshimoto,
1998, J. Immunol. 161: 3400-3407.
[0179] Other forms of arthritis that are associated with IL-18
include for example ankylosing spondylitis, back pain, carpal
deposition syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos-Syndrome, gout, juvenile
arthritis, lupus erythematosus, myositis, osteogenesis imperfecta,
osteoporosis, polyartheritis; polymyositis, psoriatic arthritis,
Reiter's syndrome, scleroderma, arthritis with bowel disease,
Behcets's disease, children's arthritis, degenerative joint
disease, fibromyalgia, infectious arthritis, Lyme disease, Marfan
syndrome, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, Pagets Disease,
Polymyalgia rheumatica, pseudogout, reflex sympathetic dystrophy,
rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatism, Sjogren's syndrome, familial
adenomatous polyposis and the like. Dai et al., 2004, Arthritis
Rheum. 50:432-443; Kawashima et al., 2004, Online Arthritis Res.
Ther. 6:R39--R45; Myers et al., 2004, Rheumatology 43:272-276; Wei
et al., 2001, American Association Of Immunologists, pp.
517-521.
[0180] Elevated levels of IL-18 have also been found in patients
with Crohn's disease when compared with patients with ulcerative
colitis or non-inflammatory intestinal conditions. Both intestinal
epithelial cells and lamina propria mononuclear cells have been
identified as the source of increased IL-18 production in situ.
Crohn's disease lesions have been shown to be infiltrated with
IL-18R expressing cells. Niederau, 1997, Online NLM.
[0181] IL-18 has also been implicated as being associated with
ulcerative colitis and Coeliac Disease.
[0182] Central Nervous System (CNS) lesions, cerebrospinal fluid,
and sera from patients with Multiple Sclerosis have been shown to
contain increased levels of IL-18 message or protein. Within
lesions, microglia and macrophages are thought to be the source of
IL-18. IL-18 cannot be detected in control tissue biopsies from
individuals with non-inflammatory CNS diseases. Particularly high
levels of IL-18 has been found in the patient subset with
relapsing-remitting disease; and IL-18 levels have been found to
increase during relapses compared to periods of remission. Huang et
al., 2004, Mult. Scler. 10:482-7; Karni et al., 2002, J.
Neuroimmunol. 125:134-40; Losy et al., 2001, Acta Neurol. Scand.
104:171-3; Nicoletti et al., 2001, Neurology 57:342-4; Fassbender
et al., 1999, Neurology 53:1104-6.
[0183] In patients with psoriasis, serum levels of IL-18 were
reported to be increased, correlating with the extent of skin
lesions and PASI score. Overexpression of both IL-18 and IL-18R
mRNA has been demonstrated in lesional skin compared with
non-lesional or normal skin controls. Documented overexpression of
IFN-.gamma. and TNF-.alpha. in psoriatic skin is consistent with
biological activities exerted by IL-18. Arican et al., 2005,
Mediators Inflamm. 2005:273-9; Piskin et al., 2004, Exp. Dermatol.
13:764-72; Companjen et al., 2004 Eur. Cytokine Netw. 15:210-6;
Pietrzak et al., 2003, Acta Derm. Venereol. 83:262-5.
[0184] Various other autoimmune diseases have been associated with
increased levels of IL-18 either in diseased tissue or in the
serum. These include Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, atopic
dermatitis, myasthenia gravis, type I diabetes, and sarcoidosis.
IL-18 may also be involved in asthma, Alzheimer's Disease, allergic
rhinitis, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP),
transplantation and GvHD.
[0185] IL-18 has also been implicated in a liver or hepatic
diseases and in conditions associated with liver damage or injury.
Liver damage or injury may have diverse causes. It may be due to
viral or bacterial infections, alcohol abuse, immunological
disorders, or cancer, for example. Liver injury also includes
damages of the bile ducts, and damage to the liver in conditions
such as alcoholic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis,
primary biliary cirrhosis, and alcohol-related hepatic
necro-inflammation. Finitto et al., 2004, Liver 53:392-400; Tsutsui
et al., 2000, Immunological Reviews 174:192-209; Ludwiczek et al.,
2002, J. Clinical Immunology 22:331-337.
[0186] Hepatic diseases that are associated with IL-18 include
hepatitis C and hepatitis B. IL-18 has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of both autoimmune and infectious hepatitis. It is
thought to contribute to hepatocyte death via upregulation of
proapoptotic molecules, including FasL. It has been suggested that
the beneficial effect of interferon-alpha in hepatitis C may be
mediated through reduced levels of IL-18. In contrast, IL-18
administration had a beneficial effect in a transgenic model of
hepatitis B, improving viral clearance through increased NK and CTL
activity. Finitto et al., 2004, Liver 53:392-400; Tsutsui et al.,
2000, Immunological Reviews 174:192-209; Ludwiczek et al., 2002, J.
Clinical Immunology 22:331-337.
[0187] Apart from Hepatitis B and C virus, at least four other
viruses causing virus-associated hepatitis have been discovered so
far, called Hepatitis A, D, E and G-Virus.
[0188] IL-18 is also associated with cardiovascular disease,
including atheromatous plaque rupture, post-ischemic heart failure,
reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, chronic heart failure,
cardiovascular complications of rheumatoid arthritis and other
cardiovascular disorders. IL-18 is thought to markedly depress
cardiac output in the setting of sepsis or endotoxin shock. IL-18
is an important link between inflammatory processes and
atherogenesis, which is particularly relevant given the
accumulating evidence for large excess mortality from
cardiovascular causes in patients with chronic inflammatory
conditions, including RA and lupus. IL-18 levels have been shown to
be a strong independent predictor of death from cardiac events
(with better predictive power than CRP levels). Gerdes et al, 2002,
J. Exp. Med. 195:245-257; WO03/080104; WO02/060479; WO01/85201;
Raeburn et al., 2002, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
283:H650-H657.
[0189] IL-18 may also be associated with pulmonary diseases such
as, for example, Chronic Obstructed Pulmonary Disease (COPD),
chronic severe asthma and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
(ARDS).
[0190] 2. Diagnostic Methods
[0191] The antigen binding proteins of the invention can be used
for diagnostic purposes to detect, diagnose, or monitor diseases
and/or conditions associated with IL-18 or the IL-18 receptor. The
invention provides for the detection of the presence of the IL-18
receptor in a sample using classical immunohistological methods
known to those of skill in the art (e.g., Tijssen, 1993, Practice
and Theory of Enzyme Immunoassays, vol 15 (Eds R. H. Burdon and P.
H. van Knippenberg, Elsevier, Amsterdam); Zola, 1987, Monoclonal
Antibodies: A Manual of Techniques, pp. 147-158 (CRC Press, Inc.);
Jalkanen et al., 1985, J. Cell. Biol. 101:976-985; Jalkanen et al.,
1987, J. Cell Biol. 105:3087-3096). The detection of the IL-18
receptor can be performed in vivo or in vitro.
[0192] Diagnostic applications provided herein include use of the
antigen binding proteins to detect expression of the IL-18 receptor
and binding of the ligands to the IL-18 receptor. Examples of
methods useful in the detection of the presence of the IL-18
receptor include immunoassays, such as the enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the radioimmunoassay (RIA).
[0193] For diagnostic applications, the antigen binding protein
typically will be labeled with a detectable labeling group.
Suitable labeling groups include, but are not limited to, the
following: radioisotopes or radionuclides (e.g., .sup.3H, .sup.14C,
.sup.15N, .sup.35S, .sup.90Y, .sup.99Tc, .sup.111In, .sup.125I,
.sup.131I), fluorescent groups (e.g., FITC, rhodamine, lanthanide
phosphors), enzymatic groups (e.g., horseradish peroxidase,
.beta.-galactosidase, luciferase, alkaline phosphatase),
chemiluminescent groups, biotinyl groups, or predetermined
polypeptide epitopes recognized by a secondary reporter (e.g.,
leucine zipper pair sequences, binding sites for secondary
antibodies, metal binding domains, epitope tags). In some
embodiments, the labelling group is coupled to the antigen binding
protein via spacer arms of various lengths to reduce potential
steric hindrance. Various methods for labelling proteins are known
in the art and may be used in performing the present invention.
[0194] One aspect of the invention provides for identifying a cell
or cells that express the IL-18 receptor. In a specific embodiment,
the antigen binding protein is labeled with a labeling group and
the binding of the labeled antigen binding protein to the IL-18
receptor is detected. In a further specific embodiment, the binding
of the antigen binding protein to the IL-18 receptor detected in
vivo. In a further specific embodiment, the antigen binding
protein-IL-18 receptor is isolated and measured using techniques
known in the art. See, for example, Harlow and Lane, 1988,
Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, New York: Cold Spring Harbor (ed.
1991 and periodic supplements); John E. Coligan, ed., 1993, Current
Protocols In Immunology New York: John Wiley & Sons.
[0195] Another aspect of the invention provides for detecting the
presence of a test molecule that competes for binding to the IL-18
receptor with the antigen binding proteins of the invention. An
example of one such assay would involve detecting the amount of
free antigen binding protein in a solution containing an amount of
IL-18 receptor in the presence or absence of the test molecule. An
increase in the amount of free antigen binding protein (i.e., the
antigen binding protein not bound to the IL-18 receptor) would
indicate that the test molecule is capable of competing for IL-18
receptor binding with the antigen binding protein. In one
embodiment, the antigen binding protein is labeled with a labeling
group. Alternatively, the test molecule is labeled and the amount
of free test molecule is monitored in the presence and absence of
an antigen binding protein.
[0196] 3. Methods Of Treatment: Pharmaceutical Formulations, Routes
of Administration
[0197] In some embodiments, the invention provides pharmaceutical
compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one
or a plurality of the antigen binding proteins of the invention
together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier,
solubilizer, emulsifier, preservative, and/or adjuvant. In
addition, the invention provides methods of treating a patient by
administering such pharmaceutical composition. The term "patient"
includes human and animal subjects.
[0198] Preferably, acceptable formulation materials are nontoxic to
recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed. In specific
embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of IL-18 receptor antigen binding
proteins are provided.
[0199] In certain embodiments, acceptable formulation materials
preferably are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and
concentrations employed. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical
composition may contain formulation materials for modifying,
maintaining or preserving, for example, the pH, osmolarity,
viscosity, clarity, color, isotonicity, odor, sterility, stability,
rate of dissolution or release, adsorption or penetration of the
composition. In such embodiments, suitable formulation materials
include, but are not limited to, amino acids (such as glycine,
glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine); antimicrobials;
antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid, sodium sulfite or sodium
hydrogen-sulfite); buffers (such as borate, bicarbonate, Tris-HCl,
citrates, phosphates or other organic acids); bulking agents (such
as mannitol or glycine); chelating agents (such as ethylenediamine
tetraacetic acid (EDTA)); complexing agents (such as caffeine,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, beta-cyclodextrin or
hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin); fillers; monosaccharides;
disaccharides; and other carbohydrates (such as glucose, mannose or
dextrins); proteins (such as serum albumin, gelatin or
immunoglobulins); coloring, flavoring and diluting agents;
emulsifying agents; hydrophilic polymers (such as
polyvinylpyrrolidone); low molecular weight polypeptides;
salt-forming counterions (such as sodium); preservatives (such as
benzalkonium chloride, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, thimerosal,
phenethyl alcohol, methylparaben, propylparaben, chlorhexidine,
sorbic acid or hydrogen peroxide); solvents (such as glycerin,
propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol); sugar alcohols (such as
mannitol or sorbitol); suspending agents; surfactants or wetting
agents (such as pluronics, PEG, sorbitan esters, polysorbates such
as polysorbate 20, polysorbate, triton, tromethamine, lecithin,
cholesterol, tyloxapal); stability enhancing agents (such as
sucrose or sorbitol); tonicity enhancing agents (such as alkali
metal halides, preferably sodium or potassium chloride, mannitol
sorbitol); delivery vehicles; diluents; excipients and/or
pharmaceutical adjuvants. See, REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
18" Edition, (A. R. Genrmo, ed.), 1990, Mack Publishing
Company.
[0200] In certain embodiments, the optimal pharmaceutical
composition will be determined by one skilled in the art depending
upon, for example, the intended route of administration, delivery
format and desired dosage. See, for example, REMINGTON'S
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, supra. In certain embodiments, such
compositions may influence the physical state, stability, rate of
in vivo release and rate of in vivo clearance of the antigen
binding proteins of the invention. In certain embodiments, the
primary vehicle or carrier in a pharmaceutical composition may be
either aqueous or non-aqueous in nature. For example, a suitable
vehicle or carrier may be water for injection, physiological saline
solution or artificial cerebrospinal fluid, possibly supplemented
with other materials common in compositions for parenteral
administration. Neutral buffered saline or saline mixed with serum
albumin are further exemplary vehicles. In specific embodiments,
pharmaceutical compositions comprise Tris buffer of about pH
7.0-8.5, or acetate buffer of about pH 4.0-5.5, and may further
include sorbitol or a suitable substitute therefor. In certain
embodiments of the invention, IL-18 receptor antigen binding
protein compositions may be prepared for storage by mixing the
selected composition having the desired degree of purity with
optional formulation agents (REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
supra) in the form of a lyophilized cake or an aqueous solution.
Further, in certain embodiments, the IL-18 receptor antigen binding
protein product may be formulated as a lyophilizate using
appropriate excipients such as sucrose.
[0201] The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be
selected for parenteral delivery. Alternatively, the compositions
may be selected for inhalation or for delivery through the
digestive tract, such as orally. Preparation of such
pharmaceutically acceptable compositions is within the skill of the
art.
[0202] The formulation components are present preferably in
concentrations that are acceptable to the site of administration.
In certain embodiments, buffers are used to maintain the
composition at physiological pH or at a slightly lower pH,
typically within a pH range of from about 5 to about 8.
[0203] When parenteral administration is contemplated, the
therapeutic compositions for use in this invention may be provided
in the form of a pyrogen-free, parenterally acceptable aqueous
solution comprising the desired IL-18 receptor antigen binding
protein in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. A particularly
suitable vehicle for parenteral injection is sterile distilled
water in which the IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein is
formulated as a sterile, isotonic solution, properly preserved. In
certain embodiments, the preparation can involve the formulation of
the desired molecule with an agent, such as injectable
microspheres, bio-erodible particles, polymeric compounds (such as
polylactic acid or polyglycolic acid), beads or liposomes, that may
provide controlled or sustained release of the product which can be
delivered via depot injection. In certain embodiments, hyaluronic
acid may also be used, having the effect of promoting sustained
duration in the circulation. In certain embodiments, implantable
drug delivery devices may be used to introduce the desired antigen
binding protein.
[0204] Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be
formulated for inhalation. In these embodiments, IL-18 receptor
antigen binding proteins are advantageously formulated as a dry,
inhalable powder. In specific embodiments, IL-18 receptor antigen
binding protein inhalation solutions may also be formulated with a
propellant for aerosol delivery. In certain embodiments, solutions
may be nebulized. Pulmonary administration and formulation methods
therefore are further described in International Patent Application
No. PCT/US94/001875, which is incorporated by reference and
describes pulmonary delivery of chemically modified proteins. It is
also contemplated that formulations can be administered orally.
IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins that are administered in
this fashion can be formulated with or without carriers customarily
used in the compounding of solid dosage forms such as tablets and
capsules. In certain embodiments, a capsule may be designed to
release the active portion of the formulation at the point in the
gastrointestinal tract when bioavailability is maximized and
pre-systemic degradation is minimized. Additional agents can be
included to facilitate absorption of the IL-18 receptor antigen
binding protein. Diluents, flavorings, low melting point waxes,
vegetable oils, lubricants, suspending agents, tablet
disintegrating agents, and binders may also be employed.
[0205] A pharmaceutical composition of the invention is preferably
provided to comprise an effective quantity of one or a plurality of
IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins in a mixture with non-toxic
excipients that are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. By
dissolving the tablets in sterile water, or another appropriate
vehicle, solutions may be prepared in unit-dose form. Suitable
excipients include, but are not limited to, inert diluents, such as
calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, lactose, or
calcium phosphate; or binding agents, such as starch, gelatin, or
acacia; or lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic
acid, or talc.
[0206] Additional pharmaceutical compositions will be evident to
those skilled in the art, including formulations involving IL-18
receptor antigen binding proteins in sustained- or
controlled-delivery formulations. Techniques for formulating a
variety of other sustained- or controlled-delivery means, such as
liposome carriers, bio-erodible microparticles or porous beads and
depot injections, are also known to those skilled in the art. See,
for example, International Patent Application No. PCT/US93/00829,
which is incorporated by reference and describes controlled release
of porous polymeric microparticles for delivery of pharmaceutical
compositions. Sustained-release preparations may include
semipermeable polymer matrices in the form of shaped articles,
e.g., films, or microcapsules. Sustained release matrices may
include polyesters, hydrogels, polylactides (as disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,773,919 and European Patent Application Publication No.
EP 058481, each of which is incorporated by reference), copolymers
of L-glutamic acid and gamma ethyl-L-glutamate (Sidman et al.,
1983, Biopolymers 2:547-556), poly (2-hydroxyethyl-inethacrylate)
(Langer et al., 1981, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 15:167-277 and Langer,
1982, Chem. Tech. 12:98-105), ethylene vinyl acetate (Langer et
al., 1981, supra) or poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (European
Patent Application Publication No. EP 133,988). Sustained release
compositions may also include liposomes that can be prepared by any
of several methods known in the art. See, e.g., Eppstein et al.,
1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:3688-3692; European Patent
Application Publication Nos. EP 036,676; EP 088,046 and EP 143,949,
incorporated by reference.
[0207] Pharmaceutical compositions used for in vivo administration
are typically provided as sterile preparations. Sterilization can
be accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.
When the composition is lyophilized, sterilization using this
method may be conducted either prior to or following lyophilization
and reconstitution. Compositions for parenteral administration can
be stored in lyophilized form or in a solution. Parenteral
compositions generally are placed into a container having a sterile
access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial
having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle.
[0208] Once the pharmaceutical composition has been formulated, it
may be stored in sterile vials as a solution, suspension, gel,
emulsion, solid, crystal, or as a dehydrated or lyophilized powder.
Such formulations may be stored either in a ready-to-use form or in
a form (e.g., lyophilized) that is reconstituted prior to
administration. The invention also provides kits for producing a
single-dose administration unit. The kits of the invention may each
contain both a first container having a dried protein and a second
container having an aqueous formulation. In certain embodiments of
this invention, kits containing single and multi-chambered
pre-filled syringes (e.g., liquid syringes and lyosyringes) are
provided.
[0209] The therapeutically effective amount of an IL-18 receptor
antigen binding protein-containing pharmaceutical composition to be
employed will depend, for example, upon the therapeutic context and
objectives. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the
appropriate dosage levels for treatment will vary depending, in
part, upon the molecule delivered, the indication for which the
IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein is being used, the route of
administration, and the size (body weight, body surface or organ
size) and/or condition (the age and general health) of the patient.
In certain embodiments, the clinician may titer the dosage and
modify the route of administration to obtain the optimal
therapeutic effect. A typical dosage may range from about 0.1
.mu.g/kg to up to about 30 mg/kg or more, depending on the factors
mentioned above. In specific embodiments, the dosage may range from
0.1 .mu.g/kg up to about 30 mg/kg, optionally from 1 .mu.g/kg up to
about 30 mg/kg or from 10 .mu.g/kg up to about 5 mg/kg.
[0210] Dosing frequency will depend upon the pharmacokinetic
parameters of the particular IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein
in the formulation used. Typically, a clinician administers the
composition until a dosage is reached that achieves the desired
effect. The composition may therefore be administered as a single
dose, or as two or more doses (which may or may not contain the
same amount of the desired molecule) over time, or as a continuous
infusion via an implantation device or catheter. Further refinement
of the appropriate dosage is routinely made by those of ordinary
skill in the art and is within the ambit of tasks routinely
performed by them. Appropriate dosages may be ascertained through
use of appropriate dose-response data. In certain embodiments, the
antigen binding proteins of the invention can be administered to
patients throughout an extended time period. Chronic administration
of an antigen binding protein of the invention minimizes the
adverse immune or allergic response commonly associated with
antigen binding proteins that are not fully human, for example an
antibody raised against a human antigen in a non-human animal, for
example, a non-fully human antibody or non-human antibody produced
in a non-human species.
[0211] The route of administration of the pharmaceutical
composition is in accord with known methods, e.g., orally, through
injection by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracerebral
(intra-parenchymal), intracerebroventricular, intramuscular,
intra-ocular, intraarterial, intraportal, or intralesional routes;
by sustained release systems or by implantation devices. In certain
embodiments, the compositions may be administered by bolus
injection or continuously by infusion, or by implantation
device.
[0212] The composition also may be administered locally via
implantation of a membrane, sponge or another appropriate material
onto which the desired molecule has been absorbed or encapsulated.
In certain embodiments, where an implantation device is used, the
device may be implanted into any suitable tissue or organ, and
delivery of the desired molecule may be via diffusion,
timed-release bolus, or continuous administration.
[0213] It also may be desirable to use IL-18 receptor antigen
binding protein pharmaceutical compositions according to the
invention ex vivo. In such instances, cells, tissues or organs that
have been removed from the patient are exposed to IL-18 receptor
antigen binding protein pharmaceutical compositions after which the
cells, tissues and/or organs are subsequently implanted back into
the patient.
[0214] In particular, IL-18 receptor antigen binding proteins can
be delivered by implanting certain cells that have been genetically
engineered, using methods such as those described herein, to
express and secrete the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, such
cells may be animal or human cells, and may be autologous,
heterologous, or xenogeneic. In certain embodiments, the cells may
be immortalized. In other embodiments, in order to decrease the
chance of an immunological response, the cells may be encapsulated
to avoid infiltration of surrounding tissues. In further
embodiments, the encapsulation materials are typically
biocompatible, semi-permeable polymeric enclosures or membranes
that allow the release of the protein product(s) but prevent the
destruction of the cells by the patient's immune system or by other
detrimental factors from the surrounding tissues.
[0215] All references cited within the body of the instant
specification are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in
their entirety.
[0216] The following examples, including the experiments conducted
and the results achieved, are provided for illustrative purposes
only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
VI. EXAMPLES
A. Example 1
Production Of IgG2 And IgG4 Versions Of Anti-IL-18 Receptor
Antibodies Using pVE414N Transient Expression Constructs
[0217] The following example describes the generation of transient
expression constructs used to produce IgG2 and IgG4 versions of
various anti-IL18 receptor binding proteins, and experimental
approaches to test their binding characteristics and potency.
[0218] 1. Generation Of Constructs
[0219] Expression constructs for transient expression of IgG4
versions of AM.sub.H9/AM.sub.L9, AM.sub.H11/AM.sub.L7,
AM.sub.H3/AM.sub.L14, and AM.sub.H6/AM.sub.L12 were generated by
subcloning the polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs:74, 76, 78,
80, 82, 84, 86 and 88 into a transient expression vector. IgG2
versions of the same variable regions were generated by subcloning
the polynucleotide portions encoding the variable regions of those
IgGs into a separate transient expression vector.
[0220] 2. Transient Roller Bottle Tranfections
[0221] Eight roller bottle transfections into CosPKB cell line for
each of the antibodies were performed. The titers for the IgG2's
were as follows:
TABLE-US-00003 IgG2 Titer AM.sub.H9/AM.sub.L9 33.5
AM.sub.H11/AM.sub.L7 35.1 AM.sub.H3/AM.sub.L14 42.9
AM.sub.H6/AM.sub.L12 41.5
[0222] 3. Assays For Potency And Cross Reactivity Of Various
Antibodies
[0223] KG-1 IFN.gamma. Release Assay.
[0224] The various IgG constructs were tested to determine their
inhibitory activity in an in vitro Interferon-.gamma. (IFN.gamma.)
release assay. The IFN.gamma. release assay works on the principle
that human myelomonocytic KG-1 cells that express the endogenous
IL-18R release IFN.gamma. in response to IL-18.
[0225] Briefly, reagents such as affinity-purified scFv are
pre-incubated with KG-1 cells in a 96-well tissue culture plate.
IL-18 (+TNF.alpha.) is added to the cells to induce IFN.gamma.
release. TNF.alpha. is added with the IL-18 to increase the
IFN.gamma. response and therefore makes the assay more sensitive by
allowing a lower concentration of IL-18 to be used. This is at
least in part, likely due to TNF.alpha. induced upregulation of
IL-18R surface expression.
[0226] After a defined incubation period, the cell supernatants are
harvested and analyzed for IFN.gamma. content using ELISA. Test
compounds that inhibit IL-18R mediated signaling can be assessed in
this assay by showing a reduction in IFN.gamma. release.
[0227] KG-1 cells were obtained from the European Collection of
Cell Cultures (ECACC, 86111306). The cells were propagated in
supplemented Iscove's Dulbecco modified medium (IMDM), and were
maintained at 1-2.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml. Recombinant human IL-18
was obtained from Peprotech (200-18) and the recombinant human
TNF.alpha. was purchased from R&D Systems (210-TA). The amount
of IFN.gamma. released in response to 1 nM IL-18 (+1.1 nM
TNF.alpha.) was monitored in each experiment, and ranged from
approximately 250 to 4000 pg/ml.
[0228] The KG-1 assay was carried out in 96 flat bottom well cell
culture plates (Costar). Test solutions of antibody (in duplicate)
were used neat (or diluted to the required concentration in
Dulbecco's PBS) in a volume of 50 .mu.l. The antibodies were then
titrated in a 6-9 point 1/3 dilution series (using KG-1 medium),
followed by the addition of 50 .mu.l KG-1 cells with gentle mixing.
A "no antibody" control with only IL-18 and a "cells only" control
were always included. After incubation of the antibody/cell mixture
for 30-60 minutes at 37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2, 100 .mu.l of
IL-18+TNF.alpha. diluted in KG-1 medium was added with gentle
mixing. The final concentration of IMAC-purified scFv typically
ranged between 25-200 .mu.g/ml. Three reference inhibitors were
used in all assays. The first two were monoclonal antibodies
against the two different chains of the IL-18R, RP1
(R&Dsystems, MAB840) and AcPL (R&D Systems, MAB1181). These
antibodies were used as described above for scFv, except that the
final starting concentration for the dilution series was 10-20
.mu.g/ml. In addition, a recombinant IL-18BP/Fc chimera (R&D
Systems, 119-BP) was used to neutralize IL-18. In this case, 50
.mu.l of KG-1 medium was added to the cell culture plate, followed
by 50 .mu.l of cells and the cells were incubated as above for the
antibodies. In a separate 96 well "U" bottom cell culture plate,
the IL-18BP/Fc was titrated in a 6-9 point 1/2 dilution series
(using KG-1 medium) in a volume of 60 .mu.l/well. An equal volume
of IL-18+TNF.alpha. was added to the IL-18BP/Fc dilution series.
After incubation of the IL-18BP/Fc/IL-18 mixture for 30-60 minutes
at 37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2, 100 .mu.l/well was added to the
KG-1 cell plate with gentle mixing. The final starting
concentration of the IL-18BP/Fc for the dilution series was 1
mg/ml. The final concentration of the KG-1 cells was
1.5.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml (i.e. 3.times.10.sup.6/well) and IL-18
was used at a final concentration of 1 nM (+1.1 nM TNF.alpha.).
IL-18 was also titrated to determine the EC50 of the IFN.gamma.
response. The IL-18 was titrated in a 6-10 point 1/2 dilution
series (using KG-1 medium), with the TNF.alpha. held constant at
1.1 nM. In this case 50 ml of KG-1 medium was added to the cell
culture plate, followed by 50 ml of cells. The cell plate was
incubated for 30-60 minutes at 37.degree. C. with 5% CO.sub.2, then
100 ml of the titrated IL-18 was added with gentle mixing. The
final concentration of IL-18 started at 5 nM for the dilution
series. Typically, the EC.sub.50 for IL-18 (+TNF.alpha.) was in the
range of 0.5-1 nM, although minimum and maximum EC.sub.50 values of
down to 0.3 nM or up to 5 nM were occasionally seen.
[0229] The KG-1 cell plates were incubated at 37.degree. C. with 5%
CO.sub.2 overnight. The cell supernatants were harvested by removal
of 180 ml medium into a clean "U" bottom 96-well plate, which was
then sealed and centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes. 160 ml of
the cell free supernatant was then transferred to another clean "U"
bottom 96-well plate, and the clarified supernatants tested
immediately or frozen at -20.degree. C.
[0230] The amount of IFN.gamma. in the KG-1 cell supernatants was
determined by a standard sandwich ELISA based assay, using a
time-resolved fluorometric readout. FLUORONUNC flat bottom 96-well
plates (NUNC, 437958) were coated using 100 ml/well of the
IFN.gamma. specific monoclonal capture antibody (R&D Systems,
MAB2851) at 4 mg/ml and left at +4.degree. C. overnight. The plates
were rinsed with Dulbecco's PBS, then non-specific protein binding
was blocked by the addition of 200 ml/well of 3% milk powder in PBS
and incubation at RT (RT) for 1-2 hours. The recombinant human
IFN.gamma. standard (R&D Systems, 285-IF-100) was diluted to
16,000 pg/ml in reagent diluent (0.1% BSA, 0.05% Tween-20, 20 mM
Tris, 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.2-7.4), then titrated in a 12 point 1/2
dilution series. The blocking buffer was removed from the capture
antibody coated plates, and 100 ml/well of the IFN.gamma. standard
or clarified cell supernatants was added. Reagent diluent was added
for the "blank" control. After incubation for 1-2 hours at RT, the
plates were washed 3.times. with PBS containing 0.1% Tween-20. The
biotinylated anti-human IFN.gamma. polyclonal detection antibody
(R&D Systems, BAF285) was diluted to 100 ng/ml in reagent
diluent supplemented with 2% normal goat serum, and 100 ml/well was
added. After incubation for 1 hour at RT, the plates were washed
3.times. with PBS containing 0.1% Tween-20. Streptavidin-Europium
(Perkin-Elmer, 4001-0010) was diluted 1/1000 in DELFIA assay buffer
(Perkin-Elmer, 4002-0010), and 100 ml/well was added. After 30-60
minutes incubation at RT, the plates were washed 7.times. with
DELFIA wash buffer (Perkin-Elmer, 1244-114). DELFIA Enhancement
solution (Perkin-Elmer, 4001-0010) was added at 100 ml/well and the
plates were left for at least 10 min at RT. The resulting
fluorescent signal was measured using dissociation-enhanced
time-resolved fluorometryusing the Victor2 V plate reader
(PerkinElmer).
[0231] The average value for the ELISA "blank" control was
subtracted from the results for the IFN.gamma. standard, while the
average value for the "cells alone" control was subtracted for the
cell supernatant results. GraphPad PRISM (GraphPad Software, Inc.)
was used to calculate the IFN.gamma. standard curve using
non-linear regression (with a variable slope). The concentration of
IFN.gamma. in the cell supernatants was then determined by using an
"unknown X from Y" output for the IFN.gamma. standard curve. The
EC50 for IFN.gamma. release from KG-1 cells in response to IL-18
was calculated using non-linear regression (with a variable slope)
and constraining the top and bottom as necessary. Inhibition of
IFN.gamma. release from KG-1 cells by test compound was normalised
as a percentage of the average value of the "no antibody" IL-18
alone control, using the fluorescent counts data. The IC.sub.50
values for test compounds could then be calculated using non-linear
regression (with a variable slope), and constraining the bottom and
top to 0 and 100% respectively.
[0232] The IgG2 versions of antibodies AM.sub.H9/AM.sub.L9,
AM.sub.H11/AM.sub.L7, AM.sub.H3/AM.sub.L14, and
AM.sub.H6/AM.sub.L12 have at least equivalent potency as the
original IgG4 versions in an assay measuring their effect on the
IFN-.gamma. production by KG1 cells. Furthermore, the IgG2 versions
have at least equivalent potency as the original IgG4s in an assay
measuring INF-.gamma. production by human NK cells.
[0233] The IgG2 versions of the antibodies have equivalent potency
as the original IgG4s in an assay measuring their effect on IL-18
induced INF-.gamma. production by cynomolgus PBMC#010182 cells.
This confirms that the conversion to IgG2 did not affect the cyno
cross reactivity of the tested antibodies.
[0234] 4. Assays For Specificity
[0235] IgGs of various antibodies were analyzed for
cross-reactivity by ELISA against a panel of proteins.
[0236] Test antigens were coated onto Protein Immobiliser 96-well
plates (Exiqon, Prd#10203-111-60) at 1 pg/ml in PBS (Dulbecco's w/o
Ca and Mg, Invitrogen, Cat#14190-086) in duplicate, 50 .mu.l per
well, overnight at 4.degree. C.
[0237] Plates were washed three times with 300 .mu.l PBS-Tween
(0.1%) (PBS-T) and three times with 300 .mu.l PBS per well using a
96-well plate washer (BIO-TEK, ELX405UV). To the washed plates, 300
.mu.l of 3% Marvel PBS (MPBS) was added per well as a blocking
agent. Plates were blocked at room temperature (RT) for 1 hour.
[0238] Plates were washed three times with PBS-T and three times
with PBS as previously stated. Antibodies (huIgG.sub.4) were
diluted to 0.5 .mu.g/ml in 3% MPBS. 50 .mu.l of diluted huIgG.sub.4
were added per well. Plates were incubated at RT for 1 hour. Plates
were washed as previously stated.
[0239] Primary detection antibody (Monoclonal anti-human IgG4 clone
HP-6025 biotin conjugate, Sigma, Cat#B-3648) was diluted 1:15,000
in 3% MPBS and added to plates at 50 .mu.l per well. Incubation
with primary detection antibody was at RT for 1 hour. Plates were
washed previously stated.
[0240] Secondary detection antibody (ExtrAvidin peroxidase
conjugate, Sigma, Cat#E-2886), was diluted 1:1,000 in 3% MPBS and
added to plates at 50 .mu.l per well. Incubation with secondary
detection antibody was at RT for 30 minutes. Plates were washed
previously stated.
[0241] 50 .mu.l per well Tetramethyl-benzidine (TMB) (Liquid
substrate for ELISA, Sigma, Cat#T-0440) was added and incubated at
RT for 10 minutes. To stop the enzyme color reaction, 50 .mu.l 0.5
M H.sub.2SO.sub.4 per well was added.
[0242] Plates were read at 450 nm on a 96-well plate reader
(Victor.sup.2 V plate reader (PerkinElmer).
[0243] The specific anti-IL-18 receptor IgG4 antibodies were
positive against human and cynomolgus IL-18 receptor protein only.
There was no cross-reactivity with other species. An IgG2 version
of an above antibody had the same cross-reactivity properties,
i.e., it cross-reacted with cynomolgus IL-18 receptor only.
B. Example 2
Characterization of the Binding Affinity of an IL-18 Receptor
Antibody
[0244] This Example provides an exemplary method of determining the
binding affinity of an IL-18 receptor antigen binding protein to
cell surface-expressed human IL-18R.alpha.. An IL-18 receptor
antibody was iodinated using [.sup.125I]-Bolton-Hunter Reagent
(diiodinated; PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Inc., Boston, Mass.). One
millicurie of [.sup.125I]-Bolton-Hunter Reagent supplied in
anhydrous benzene was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen
stream. Five microliters of IL-18 receptor antibody (16 micrograms)
was diluted with an equal volume of borate buffered saline and then
added to the dried [.sup.125I]-Bolton-Hunter Reagent in its
original vial. After an overnight incubation at 4.degree. C., 10
microliters of PBS, 0.1% gelatin was added and the entire sample
transferred to an equilibrated 2 mL P6 column (BioRad; Hercules,
Calif.) where iodinated IL-18 receptor antibody was separated from
free .sup.125I by gel filtration with 0.1% gelatin as a carrier
protein. Fractions containing iodinated antibody were pooled,
diluted to a concentration of 100 nM in binding media (RPMI 1640
containing 2.5% bovine albumin, Fraction V, 20 mM Hepes, and 0.2%
sodium azide, pH 7.2), and stored at 4.degree. C. A specific
activity of 3.5.times.10.sup.15 cpm/mmol was calculated based on an
initial protein concentration of antibody by amino acid analysis,
and a recovery of 70% from a control experiment in which an aliquot
of iodiniated antibody was put through the iodination protocol with
omission of [.sup.125I]-Bolton-Hunter Reagent.
[0245] 1. Direct Equilibrium Binding
[0246] KG-1 cells were stimulated for 20 hours at 37.degree. C. in
5% CO.sub.2 in IMDM medium containing 20% fetal calf serum in the
presence of 20 ng/mL of human TNF.alpha.. The stimulated KG-1 cells
(5.times.10.sup.5 cells/150 microliters final) were washed twice
with PBS, and then incubated with a range of concentrations of
iodinated antibody. Nonspecific binding was measured at a single
concentration of iodinated antibody (.about.350 pM, in triplicate)
in the presence of a 1000-fold molar excess of unlabeled antibody,
and assumed to be a linear function of the concentration of
iodinated antibody present. All reagents were diluted in binding
media containing sodium azide (0.2%) to inhibit potential
internalization of iodinated antibody by the cells.
[0247] Cells were incubated in 96-well round-bottom microtiter
plates at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 on a miniorbital shaker. After
4 hours, two 60 microliter aliquots of each mixture were
transferred to chilled 400 microliter polyethylene centrifuge tubes
containing 200 microliters phthalate oil (1.5 parts
dibutylphthalate: 1 part dioctylphthalate) and spun for 1.5 minutes
in a 4.degree. C. tabletop microfuge (Sorvall, Asheville, N.C.) at
10,000 rpm to separate cell associated iodinated antibody from free
iodinated antibody. The oil tubes were cut, and each cell pellet
and supernatant was collected in individual 12.times.75 mm glass
tubes and loaded on a COBRA gamma counter (Packard Instrument
Company; Boston, Mass.) for cpm measurements. Cpm from duplicate
aliquots for each well were averaged for analysis. Data were fir to
a simple 1-site binding equation via nonlinear regression in Prism
version 3.03 (GraphPad Software, Inc; San Diego, Calif.).
[0248] The iodinated antibody bound to stimulated KG-1 cells at
37.degree. C. with a K.sub.D of 81 pM and .about.4700
sites/cell.
[0249] 2. Competition Assay
[0250] Stimulated and washed KG-1 cells (5.times.10.sup.5 cells/150
microliters final) were incubated with a single concentration of
iodinated antibody (15.6 pM) and varying concentrations of
unlabeled antibody in binding media. Nonspecific binding was
determined in the presence of a 1000-fold molar excess of unlabeled
antibody. Iodinated and unlabeled antibody were mixed just prior to
the addition of cells, i.e., there was no pre-incubation step.
[0251] Cells were incubated in 96-well round-bottom microtiter
plates at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 on a miniorbital shaker. After
4 hours, two 60 microliter aliquots of each mixture were
transferred to chilled 400 microliter polyethylene centrifuge tubes
containing 200 microliters phthalate oil (1.5 parts
dibutylphthalate: 1 part dioctylphthalate) and spun for 1.5 minutes
in a 4.degree. C. tabletop microfuge (Sorvall, Asheville, N.C.) at
10,000 rpm to separate cell associated iodinated antibody from free
iodinated antibody. The oil tubes were cut, and each cell pellet
and supernatant was collected in individual 12.times.75 mm glass
tubes and loaded on a COBRA gamma counter (Packard Instrument
Company; Boston, Mass.) for cpm measurements. Cpm from duplicate
aliquots for each well were averaged for analysis. Data were fit to
a single competitive inhibition equation via nonlinear regression
using the Kd value of 81 pM in Prism.
[0252] The K.sub.I of unlabeled antibody binding was 53 pM.
C. Example 3
Characterization of the Activity of Anti-IL-18 Receptor
Antibodies
[0253] A IFN.gamma. release assay was performed as described in
Example 1, Section 3 for various IgG constructs, as described
below.
[0254] 1. Comparison Of The Inhibition Of INF.gamma. Release By KG1
Cells With AM.sub.H2/AM.sub.L16, AM.sub.H2/AM.sub.L17,
AM.sub.H1/AM.sub.L16, and AM.sub.H1/AM.sub.L17 Constructs
[0255] Inhibition of INF-.gamma. release by KG1 cells when treated
with AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L antigen binding protein constructs
AM.sub.H2/AM.sub.L16, AM.sub.H2/AM.sub.L17, AM.sub.H1/AM.sub.L16,
and AM.sub.H1/AM.sub.L17 was compared with control treatment with
IL-18 binding protein (BP). The AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L antigen binding
proteins were significantly more efficacious at inhibiting
IFN.gamma. release, all demonstrating an ED.sub.50 between 6 and 10
pM compared to an ED.sub.50 for IL-18 BP of 520 pM.
[0256] 2. Comparison Of The Inhibition Of INF.gamma. Release By KG1
Cells with AM.sub.H4/AM.sub.L14, AM.sub.H4/AM.sub.L15,
AM.sub.H3/AM.sub.L14, and AM.sub.H3/AM.sub.L15 Constructs
[0257] Inhibition of INF-.gamma. release by KG1 cells when treated
with AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L antigen binding protein constructs
AM.sub.H4/AM.sub.L14, AM.sub.H4/AM.sub.L15, AM.sub.H3/AM.sub.L14,
and AM.sub.H3/AM.sub.L15 was compared with control treatment with
IL-18 binding protein (BP). The AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L antigen binding
proteins were significantly more efficacious at inhibiting
IFN.gamma. release, all demonstrating an ED.sub.50 between 3 and 7
pM compared to an ED.sub.50 for IL-18 BP of 520 pM.
[0258] 3. Comparison Of The Inhibition Of INF.gamma. Release By KG1
Cells With AM.sub.H6/AM.sub.L12, AM.sub.H6/AM.sub.L13,
AM.sub.H5/AM.sub.L12, and AM.sub.H5/AM.sub.L13 Constructs
[0259] Inhibition of INF-.gamma. release by KG1 cells when treated
with AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L antigen binding protein constructs
AM.sub.H6/AM.sub.L12, AM.sub.H6/AM.sub.L13, AM.sub.H5/AM.sub.L12,
and AM.sub.H5/AM.sub.L13 was compared with control treatment with
IL-18 binding protein (BP). The AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L antigen binding
proteins were significantly more efficacious at inhibiting
IFN.gamma. release, all demonstrating an ED.sub.50 between 2.9 and
11.3 pM compared to an ED.sub.50 for IL-18 BP of 520 pM.
[0260] 4. Inhibition Of INF.gamma. Release By KG1 Cells By
AM.sub.H8/AM.sub.L11, AM.sub.H9/AM.sub.L9, AM.sub.H10/AM.sub.L8,
and AM.sub.H11/AM.sub.L7 IgGs
[0261] Inhibition of INF-.gamma. release by KG1 cells with
AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L IgG antigen binding protein constructs comprising
combinations of AM.sub.H8/AM.sub.L11, AM.sub.H9/AM.sub.L19,
AM.sub.H10/AM.sub.L8, and AM.sub.H11/AM.sub.L7 IgGs was compared
with control treatment with IL-18 binding protein (BP). The
AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L antigen binding proteins were significantly more
efficacious at inhibiting IFN.gamma. release, all demonstrating an
ED.sub.50 between 3 and 45 pM compared to an ED.sub.50 for IL-18 BP
of 520 pM.
[0262] 5. Inhibition of INF.gamma. Release by KG1 Cells by
AM.sub.H15/AM.sub.L3, AM.sub.H13/AM.sub.L4, AM.sub.H13/AM.sub.L5,
and AM.sub.H16/AM.sub.L2 IgGs
[0263] Inhibition of INF-.gamma. release by KG1 cells with
AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L IgG antigen binding protein constructs comprising
combinations of AM.sub.H15/AM.sub.L3, AM.sub.H13/AM.sub.L4,
AM.sub.H13/AM.sub.L5, and AM.sub.H16/AM.sub.L2 IgGs was compared
with control treatment with IL-18 binding protein (BP). The
AM.sub.H/AM.sub.L antigen binding proteins were significantly more
efficacious at inhibiting IFN.gamma. release, all demonstrating an
ED.sub.50 between 17 and 320 pM compared to an ED.sub.50 for IL-18
BP of 520 pM.
D. Example 4
Identification of the Binding Epitope of the Described IL-18
Receptor Antibodies
[0264] Experiments were carried out to determine the amino acids
residues present in human IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) that are
important for binding to one or more of the IL-18 receptor binding
proteins. An exemplary antibody bound with high affinity to human
IL-18R but did not bind the mouse ortholog of IL-18R. Experiments
were directed towards examining the amino acids that differ between
human and mouse IL-18R. This was coupled with analysis of a three
dimensional computational model of the IL-18R to determine which of
those amino acids lie on the surface of the receptor and are
therefore more likely to interact with the antibody. Candidate
amino acids were examined for their contribution to antibody
recognition by using site-specific mutagenesis to change the
particular amino acids from the human sequence to mouse sequence
and then testing the mutant IL-18R molecules for binding to
antibody. The relative ability of antibody to bind the different
mutations was assessed using antibody dose-response curves and
subsequent determination of EC.sub.50 concentrations (the
concentration of antibody required for 50% of the maximal binding
signal).
[0265] A region on the surface of human IL-18R was identified that
is particularly important for antibody binding and thus contributes
to the epitope. This region contains amino acids 243-271 (shown in
bold in FIG. 5). When specific amino acids in this region were
mutated to mouse sequence, antibody binding was diminished (effects
on antibody binding reported in TABLE 3). Amino acids 250-253 (MFGE
mutant) and 267-271 (MRIMT mutation) had the most profound
influence on antibody binding however neither completely influenced
antibody binding alone (see, underlined amino acid residues). When
the receptor was mutated at all four of the specific sites tested,
antibody binding was virtually abolished. Binding of a control
anti-IL-18R receptor antibody was not significantly affected by the
mutations indicating that the overall structure of the receptor had
not been disrupted by the mutations. Amino acids 243-271 encode one
of the predicted IL-18 contact points and thus this epitope is
consistent with the antibody's ability to block IL-18 binding to
the receptor.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Results of Antibody Binding Assay with
IL-18R and Mutated IL-18R (the mouse amino acids corresponding to
each mutation is provided in parenthesis) Exemplary Ab Fold
decrease Control binding: in binding Ab binding: avg. EC50 ability
relative avg. EC50 (pM) to huIL18R (pM) huIL18R 15.7 +/- 9.0 0 7.9
+/- 4.7 EEDV mutation 25.3 +/- 11.9 1.6 6.7 +/- 4.4 (KDDL) MFGE
mutation 57.9 +/- 26.7 3.7 5.9 +/- 3.7 (SIRK) MRIMT mutation 177.5
+/- 58.9 11.3 8.5 +/- 5.1 (TTTWI) STGGT (NEEAI) 15.7 +/- 8.5 0 10.0
+/- 6.2 EEDV + MRIMT + 2615.1 2287.3 7.9 +/- 5.1 STGGT EEDV + MRIMT
+ too low to N/A 10.3 +/- 5.5 MFGE + STGGT measure Mouse IL18R does
not bind N/A N/A
[0266] Human IL18R was mutated to mouse IL18R sequence at the
indicated residues and recombinant mutated receptors with and
avidin tag were immobilized on biotin-coated beads. Immobilized
receptor was then used to determine relative antibody binding
ability in a soluble binding assay. Binding was also performed
using an anti-huIL-18R antibody that recognizes a distinct epitope
from the exemplary antibody. Binding experiments were all performed
at least two times. The average EC50 represents the concentration
of antibody required to achieve 50% of maximal binding.
Sequence CWU 1
1
2921122PRTHomo sapiens 1Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Gly Gly Val
Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Val Ile Ser Asn
Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Lys Gly Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Thr Gln Ser Leu Asp His Trp
100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
2122PRTHomo sapiens 2Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Val
Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Val Ile Ser Asn
Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Lys Gly Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Thr Gln Ser Leu Asp His Trp
100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
3122PRTHomo sapiens 3Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Gly Gly Val
Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Val Ile Ser Asn
Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Lys Gly Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Ser Gln Ser Leu Asp Gly Trp
100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
4122PRTHomo sapiens 4Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Val
Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Val Ile Ser Asn
Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Lys Gly Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Ser Gln Ser Leu Asp Gly Trp
100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
5122PRTHomo sapiens 5Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Gly Gly Val
Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Val Ile Ser Asn
Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Lys Gly Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Thr Ser Ala Leu Asn Leu Trp
100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
6122PRTHomo sapiens 6Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Val
Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Val Ile Ser Asn
Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Lys Gly Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Thr Ser Ala Leu Asn Leu Trp
100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
7117PRTHomo sapiens 7Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Val
Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Val Ile Ser Asn
Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Ile Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Lys Gly Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Phe Gly Glu Thr Val Asp Tyr Trp
100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr 115 8121PRTHomo sapiens 8Gln Val
Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15
Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Val Ser Gly Tyr Thr Leu Thr Glu Leu 20
25 30 Ser Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp
Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly Phe Asp Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr Ile His Ala
Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Glu Asp Thr Ser
Thr Asp Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu
Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Thr Asp Leu Met Val Trp
Gly Asp Phe Trp Ile Gln His Trp Gly 100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr Leu Val
Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120 9121PRTHomo sapiens 9Gln Val Gln Leu Val
Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys
Val Ser Cys Lys Val Ser Gly Tyr Thr Leu Thr Glu Leu 20 25 30 Ser
Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40
45 Gly Gly Phe Asp Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr Ile His Ala Gln Lys Phe
50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Glu Asp Thr Ser Thr Asp Thr
Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Thr Asp Leu Met Val Trp Gly Asp Phe
Trp Ile Gln His Trp Gly 100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser
Ser 115 120 10121PRTHomo sapiens 10Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly
Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys
Lys Val Ser Gly Tyr Thr Leu Thr Glu Leu 20 25 30 Ser Met His Trp
Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly
Phe Asp Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr Ile His Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60
Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Glu Asp Thr Ser Thr Asp Thr Ala Tyr 65
70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Thr Asp Leu Met Ala Trp Asp Tyr Pro Pro Ile
Gln His Trp Gly 100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115
120 11121PRTHomo sapiens 11Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu
Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Val
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Leu Thr Glu Leu 20 25 30 Ser Met His Trp Val Arg
Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly Phe Asp
Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr Ile His Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly
Arg Val Thr Met Thr Glu Asp Thr Ser Thr Asp Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80
Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85
90 95 Ala Thr Asp Leu Met Val Trp Asn Phe Pro Pro Ile Gln His Trp
Gly 100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
12116PRTHomo sapiens 12Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val
Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Val Ser
Gly Tyr Thr Leu Thr Glu Leu 20 25 30 Ser Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly Phe Asp Arg
Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr Ile His Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg
Val Thr Met Thr Glu Asp Thr Ser Thr Asp Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met
Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Thr Asp Leu Met Val Trp Gly Asp Phe Trp Ile Gln His Trp Gly
100 105 110 Lys Gly Thr Met 115 13118PRTHomo sapiens 13Glu Val Gln
Leu Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser
Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25
30 Ala Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val
35 40 45 Ser Ala Ile Ser Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp
Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys
Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp
Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ile Arg Gly Asp Tyr Arg
Thr Asp Ile Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110 Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser
115 14118PRTHomo sapiens 14Glu Val Gln Leu Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly
Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala
Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Met Ser Trp Val Arg
Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Ala Ile Ser
Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly
Arg Ser Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85
90 95 Ala Arg Ile Arg Gly Asp Tyr Arg Thr Asp Ile Trp Gly Arg Gly
Thr 100 105 110 Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 15118PRTHomo sapiens
15Glu Val Gln Leu Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Ala Gln Pro Gly Gly 1
5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu
Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Ala Ile Ser Gly Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr
Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg
Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Val Arg Gly
Asp Tyr Arg Thr Asp Ile Trp Gly Arg Gly Thr 100 105 110 Leu Val Thr
Val Ser Ser 115 16118PRTHomo sapiens 16Glu Val Gln Leu Leu Glu Ser
Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser
Cys Ala Ala Ser Arg Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Met Ser
Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser
Ala Ile Ser Gly Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55
60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Val Arg Gly Asp Tyr Arg Thr Asp Ile Trp
Gly Arg Gly Thr 100 105 110 Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115
17113PRTHomo sapiens 17Glu Val Gln Leu Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu
Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Arg Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Ala Ile Ser Gly
Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Arg Val Arg Gly Ile Tyr Gly Met Asp Val Trp Gly Arg Gly Thr
100 105 110 Leu 18103PRTHomo sapiens 18Gln Pro Val Leu Thr Gln Pro
Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr
Cys Ser Gly Asp Lys Leu Gly Asp Lys Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ser Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln
Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55
60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Arg
65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ala Trp Asp Ser Ser Thr
Ala Ser 85 90 95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys 100 19108PRTHomo
sapiens 19Gln Pro Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ser Pro
Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr Cys Ser Gly Asp Lys Leu Gly
Asp Lys Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ser
Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly
Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala
Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Arg 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp
Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ala Trp Asp His Ser Leu Gln His 85 90 95 Arg Phe
Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Val Thr Val Leu Gly 100
105 20108PRTHomo sapiens 20Gln Pro Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val
Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr Cys Ser Gly
Asp Lys Leu Gly Asp Lys Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Gln Thr Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Ser Asn
Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser
Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Arg 65 70 75 80
Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ala Trp Thr Ser Ala Leu Asn Ser 85
90 95 Gln Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Val Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105
21108PRTHomo sapiens 21Gln Pro Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser
Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr Cys Ser Gly Asp
Lys Leu Gly Asp Lys Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Ser Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly
Asp Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Arg 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ala Trp Thr His Ser Leu Ser Thr 85 90
95 Leu Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Val Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105
22108PRTHomo sapiens 22Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser
Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr Cys Ser Gly Asp
Lys Leu Gly Asp Lys Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Ser Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Met 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ala Trp Thr His Ser Leu Ser Thr 85 90
95 Leu Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105
23106PRTHomo sapiens 23Gln Ser Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Ala Ser
Gly Thr Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Arg
Asn Ser Asn Ile Gly Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Thr Val Thr Trp Tyr Gln Gln
Leu Pro Gly Thr Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu 35 40 45 Ile Tyr Ser Asn Ser
Gln Arg Pro Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser 50 55 60 Gly Ser Lys
Ser Gly Thr Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln 65 70 75 80 Ser
Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Ala Trp Asp Asp Ser Leu 85 90
95 Asn Gly Pro Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys 100 105 24111PRTHomo
sapiens 24Gln Ser Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Ala Ser Gly Thr Pro
Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Arg Asn Ser Asn
Ile Gly Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Thr Val Thr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Leu Pro Gly
Thr Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu 35 40 45 Ile Tyr Ser Asn Ser Gln Arg Pro
Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser 50 55 60 Gly Ser Lys Ser Gly Thr
Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln 65 70 75 80 Ser Glu Asp Glu
Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Val Val Trp Asp Asp Val Leu 85 90 95 Asn Gly
Pro Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105 110
25111PRTHomo sapiens 25Gln Ser Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Ala Ser
Gly Thr Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Arg
Asn Ser Asn Ile Gly Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Thr Val Thr Trp Tyr Gln Gln
Leu Pro Gly Thr Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu 35 40 45 Ile Tyr Ser Asn Ser
Gln Arg Pro Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser 50 55 60 Gly Ser Lys
Ser Gly Thr Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln 65 70 75 80 Ser
Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Val Val Trp Asp Asp Lys Leu 85 90
95 Asn Gly Pro Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100
105 110 26111PRTHomo sapiens 26Gln Ser Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser
Ala Ser Gly Thr Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Ser
Gly Arg Asn Ser Asn Ile Gly Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Thr Val Thr Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Leu Pro Gly Thr Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu 35 40 45 Ile Tyr Ser
Asn Ser Gln Arg Pro Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser 50 55 60 Gly
Ser Lys Ser Gly Thr Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln 65 70
75 80 Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Val Val Trp Asp Glu Ile
Leu 85 90 95 Asn Gly Pro Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val
Leu Gly 100 105 110 27103PRTHomo sapiens 27Ser Ser Glu Leu Thr Gln
Asp Pro Ala Val Ser Val Ala Leu Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Val Arg Ile
Thr Cys Gln Gly Asp Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp
Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Ser 35 40 45
Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50
55 60 Ser Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Gln Ala
Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Asn Ser Arg Asp Ser Ser
Asn His Val 85 90 95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys 100 28111PRTHomo
sapiens 28Gln Ser Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Ala Ser Gly Thr Pro
Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Arg Asn Ser Asn
Ile Gly Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Thr Val Thr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Leu Pro Gly
Thr Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu 35 40 45 Ile Tyr Ser Asn Ser Gln Arg Pro
Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser 50 55 60 Gly Ser Lys Ser Gly Thr
Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln 65 70 75 80 Ser Glu Asp Glu
Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Leu Val Trp Asp Asp Val Leu 85 90 95 Asn Gly
Pro Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105 110
29108PRTHomo sapiens 29Ser Ser Glu Leu Thr Gln Asp Pro Ala Val Ser
Val Ala Leu Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Val Arg Ile Thr Cys Gln Gly Asp
Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Ser 35 40 45 Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Ser Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Ser Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val 85 90
95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105
30108PRTHomo sapiens 30Ser Ser Glu Leu Thr Gln Asp Pro Ala Val Ser
Val Ala Leu Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Val Arg Val Thr Cys Gln Gly Asp
Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Ser 35 40 45 Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Ser Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Ser Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val 85 90
95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105
31108PRTHomo sapiens 31Ser Ser Glu Leu Thr Gln Asp Pro Ala Val Ser
Val Ala Leu Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Val Arg Ile Thr Cys Gln Gly Asp
Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Ser 35 40 45 Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Ser Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Ser Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val 85 90
95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105
32108PRTHomo sapiens 32Ser Ser Glu Leu Thr Gln Asp Pro Ala Val Ser
Val Ala Leu Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Val Arg Val Thr Cys Gln Gly Asp
Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Ser 35 40 45 Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Ser Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Ser Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val 85 90
95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105
33108PRTHomo sapiens 33Ser Ser Glu Leu Thr Gln Asp Pro Ala Val Ser
Val Ala Leu Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Val Arg Ile Thr Cys Gln Gly Asp
Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Ser 35 40 45 Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Ser Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Thr Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val 85 90
95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105
34108PRTHomo sapiens 34Ser Ser Glu Leu Thr Gln Asp Pro Ala Val Ser
Val Ala Leu Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Val Arg Val Thr Cys Gln Gly Asp
Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Ser 35 40 45 Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Ser Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ala Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Thr Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val 85 90
95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105
35366DNAHomo sapiens 35caggtgcagc tggtgcagtc tgggggaggc gtggtccagc
ctgggaggtc cctgagactc 60tcctgtgcag cgtctggatt caccttcagc ggttatggca
tgcactgggt ccgccaggct 120ccaggcaagg ggctggagtg ggtggcagta
atatcaaatg atggaagtaa gaaatattat 180tcagactccg tgaagggccg
attcaccatc tccagagaca attccaaaaa cacgctgtat 240ctgcagatga
acagcctgag agctgaggac acggctgtat attactgtgc gaaagggtcc
300agttccatat ggctgaccca gtccctggac cactgggggc aggggaccac
ggtcaccgtc 360tcctca 36636366DNAHomo sapiens 36gaggtgcagc
tggtggagtc tgggggaggc gtggtccagc ctgggaggtc cctgagactc 60tcctgtgcag
cgtctggatt caccttcagc ggttatggca tgcactgggt ccgccaggct
120ccaggcaagg ggctggagtg ggtggcagta atatcaaatg atggaagtaa
gaaatattat 180tcagactccg tgaagggccg attcaccatc tccagagaca
attccaaaaa cacgctgtat 240ctgcagatga acagcctgag agctgaggac
acggctgtat attactgtgc gaaagggtcc 300agttccatat ggctgaccca
gtccctggac cactgggggc aggggaccac ggtcaccgtc 360tcctca
36637366DNAHomo sapiens 37caggtgcagc tggtgcagtc tgggggaggc
gtggtccagc ctgggaggtc cctgagactc 60tcctgtgcag cgtctggatt caccttcagc
ggttatggca tgcactgggt ccgccaggct 120ccaggcaagg ggctggagtg
ggtggcagta atatcaaatg atggaagtaa gaaatattat 180tcagactccg
tgaagggccg attcaccatc tccagagaca attccaaaaa cacgctgtat
240ctgcagatga acagcctgag agctgaggac acggctgtat attactgtgc
gaaagggtcc 300agttccatat ggctgtcgca gtccctggac ggctgggggc
aggggaccac ggtcaccgtc 360tcctca 36638366DNAHomo sapiens
38gaggtgcagc tggtggagtc tgggggaggc gtggtccagc ctgggaggtc cctgagactc
60tcctgtgcag cgtctggatt caccttcagc ggttatggca tgcactgggt ccgccaggct
120ccaggcaagg ggctggagtg ggtggcagta atatcaaatg atggaagtaa
gaaatattat 180tcagactccg tgaagggccg attcaccatc tccagagaca
attccaaaaa cacgctgtat 240ctgcagatga acagcctgag agctgaggac
acggctgtat attactgtgc gaaagggtcc 300agttccatat ggctgtcgca
gtccctggac ggctgggggc aggggaccac ggtcaccgtc 360tcctca
36639366DNAHomo sapiens 39caggtgcagc tggtgcagtc tgggggaggc
gtggtccagc ctgggaggtc cctgagactc 60tcctgtgcag cgtctggatt caccttcagc
ggttatggca tgcactgggt ccgccaggct 120ccaggcaagg ggctggagtg
ggtggcagta atatcaaatg atggaagtaa gaaatattat 180tcagactccg
tgaagggccg attcaccatc tccagagaca attccaaaaa cacgctgtat
240ctgcagatga acagcctgag agctgaggac acggctgtat attactgtgc
gaaagggtcc 300agttccatat ggctgacctc ggccctgaac ctgtgggggc
aggggaccac ggtcaccgtc 360tcctca 36640366DNAHomo sapiens
40gaggtgcagc tggtggagtc tgggggaggc gtggtccagc ctgggaggtc cctgagactc
60tcctgtgcag cgtctggatt caccttcagc ggttatggca tgcactgggt ccgccaggct
120ccaggcaagg ggctggagtg ggtggcagta atatcaaatg atggaagtaa
gaaatattat 180tcagactccg tgaagggccg attcaccatc tccagagaca
attccaaaaa cacgctgtat 240ctgcagatga acagcctgag agctgaggac
acggctgtat attactgtgc gaaagggtcc 300agttccatat ggctgacctc
ggccctgaac ctgtgggggc aggggaccac ggtcaccgtc 360tcctca
36641351DNAHomo sapiens 41gaggtgcagc tggtggagtc tgggggaggc
gtggtccagc ctgggaggtc cctgagactc 60tcctgtgcag cgtctggatt caccttcagc
ggttatggca tgcactgggt ccgccaggct 120ccaggcaagg ggctggagtg
ggtggcagta atatcaaatg atggaagtaa gaaatattat 180tcagactccg
tgaagggccg attcaccatc tccagagaca attccaaaaa cacgctgtat
240ctgcagatga acagcctgag agctgaggac acggctatat attactgtgc
gaaagggtcc 300agttccatat ggttcgggga gaccgttgac tactgggggc
aggggaccac g 35142363DNAHomo sapiens 42caggtgcagc tggtgcagtc
tggggctgag gtgaagaagc ctggggcctc agtgaaggtc 60tcctgcaagg tttccggata
caccctcact gaattatcca tgcactgggt gcgacaggct 120cctggaaaag
ggcttgagtg gatgggaggt tttgatcgtg aagatgatga aacaatccac
180gcacagaagt tccagggcag agtcaccatg accgaggaca catctacaga
cacagcctac 240atggaactga gcagcctgcg atctgaggac acggccgttt
attactgtgc aacagatctt 300atggtgtggg gcgatttttg gatccagcac
tggggccagg ggacactggt caccgtctcc 360tca 36343363DNAHomo sapiens
43caggtgcagc tggtgcagtc tggggctgag gtgaagaagc ctggggcctc agtgaaggtc
60tcctgcaagg tttccggata caccctcact gaattatcca tgcactgggt gcgacaggct
120cctggaaaag ggcttgagtg gatgggaggt tttgatcgtg aagatgatga
aacaatccac 180gcacagaagt tccagggcag agtcaccatg accgaggaca
catctacaga cacagcctac 240atggaactga gcagcctgcg atctgaggac
acggccgttt attactgtgc aacagatctt 300atggtgtggg gcgatttttg
gatccagcac tggggccagg ggacactggt caccgtctcc 360tca 36344363DNAHomo
sapiens 44caggtgcagc tggtgcagtc tggggctgag gtgaagaagc ctggggcctc
agtgaaggtc 60tcctgcaagg tttccggata caccctcact gaattatcca tgcactgggt
gcgacaggct 120cctggaaaag ggcttgagtg gatgggaggt tttgatcgtg
aagatgatga aacaatccac 180gcacagaagt
tccagggcag agtcaccatg accgaggaca catctacaga cacagcctac
240atggaactga gcagcctgcg atctgaggac acggccgttt attactgtgc
aacagatctt 300atggcctggg actacccgcc catccagcac tggggccagg
ggacactggt caccgtctcc 360tca 36345363DNAHomo sapiens 45caggtgcagc
tggtgcagtc tggggctgag gtgaagaagc ctggggcctc agtgaaggtc 60tcctgcaagg
tttccggata caccctcact gaattatcca tgcactgggt gcgacaggct
120cctggaaaag ggcttgagtg gatgggaggt tttgatcgtg aagatgatga
aacaatccac 180gcacagaagt tccagggcag agtcaccatg accgaggaca
catctacaga cacagcctac 240atggaactga gcagcctgcg atctgaggac
acggccgttt attactgtgc aacagatctt 300atggtgtgga acttcccccc
catccagcac tggggccagg ggacactggt caccgtctcc 360tca 36346348DNAHomo
sapiens 46caggtgcagc tggtgcagtc tggggctgag gtgaagaagc ctggggcctc
agtgaaggtc 60tcctgcaagg tttccggata caccctcact gaattatcca tgcactgggt
gcgacaggct 120cctggaaaag ggcttgagtg gatgggaggt tttgatcgtg
aagatgatga aacaatccac 180gcacagaagt tccagggcag agtcaccatg
accgaggaca catctacaga cacagcctac 240atggaactga gcagcctgcg
atctgaggac acggccgttt attactgtgc aacagatctt 300atggtgtggg
gcgatttttg gatccagcac tggggcaagg ggacaatg 34847354DNAHomo sapiens
47gaggtgcagc tgttggagtc tgggggaggc ttggtacagc ctggggggtc cctgagactc
60tcctgtgcag cctctggatt cacctttagc agctatgcca tgagctgggt ccgccaggct
120ccagggaagg ggctggagtg ggtctcagct attagtggta gtggtggtgg
cacatactac 180gcagactccg tgaagggccg gttcaccatc tccagagaca
attccaagaa cacgctgtat 240ctgcaaatga acagcctgag agccgaggac
acggccgtgt attactgtgc gagaattcgg 300ggcgactacc ggacggacat
ctggggccag ggaaccacgg tcaccgtctc ctca 35448354DNAHomo sapiens
48gaggtgcagc tgttggagtc tgggggaggc ttggtacagc ctggggggtc cctgagactc
60tcctgtgcag cctctggatt cacctttagc agctatgcca tgagctgggt ccgccaggct
120ccagggaagg ggctggagtg ggtctcagct attagtggta gtggtggtgg
cacatactac 180gcagactccg tgaagggccg gtccaccatc tccagagaca
attccaagaa cacgctgtat 240ctgcaaatga acagcctgag agccgaggac
acggccgtgt attactgtgc gagaattcgg 300ggggactacc ggacggacat
ctggggccgg ggaaccctgg tcaccgtctc ctca 35449354DNAHomo sapiens
49gaggtgcagc tgttggagtc tgggggaggc ttggcacagc ctggggggtc cctgagactc
60tcctgtgcag cctctgggtt cacctttagc agctatgcca tgagctgggt ccgccaggct
120ccagggaagg ggctggagtg ggtctcagct attagtggta gtggtggtag
cacatactac 180gcagactccg tgaagggccg gttcaccatc tccagagaca
attccaagaa cacgctgtat 240ctgcaaatga acagcctgag agccgaggac
acggccgtgt attactgtgc gagagttcgg 300ggggactacc ggacggacat
ctggggccgg ggaaccctgg tcaccgtctc ctca 35450354DNAHomo sapiens
50gaggtgcagc tgttggagtc tgggggaggc ttggtacagc ctggggggtc cctgagactc
60tcctgtgcag cctctagatt cacctttagc agctatgcca tgagctgggt ccgccaggct
120ccagggaagg ggctggagtg ggtctcagct attagtggta gtggtggtag
cacatactac 180gcagactccg tgaagggccg gttcaccatc tccagagaca
attccaagaa cacgctgtat 240ctgcaaatga acagcctgag agccgaggac
acggccgtgt attactgtgc gagagttcgg 300ggggactacc ggacggacat
ctggggccgg ggaaccctgg tcaccgtctc ctca 35451339DNAHomo sapiens
51gaggtgcagc tgttggagtc tgggggaggc ttggtacagc ctggggggtc cctgagactc
60tcctgtgcag cctctagatt cacctttagc agctatgcca tgagctgggt ccgccaggct
120ccagggaagg ggctggagtg ggtctcagct attagtggta gtggtggtag
cacatactac 180gcagactccg tgaagggccg gttcaccatc tccagagaca
attccaagaa cacgctgtat 240ctgcaaatga acagcctgag agccgaggac
acggccgtgt attactgtgc gagagttcgg 300ggcatatacg gtatggacgt
ctggggccgg ggaaccctg 33952309DNAHomo sapiens 52cagcctgtgc
tgactcagcc cccctcagtg tccgtgtccc caggacagac tgccagcatc 60acctgctctg
gagataaatt gggggataaa tatgcttcct ggtatcagca gaagccaggc
120aagtcccctg tactggtcat ctatcaagat tccaatcggc cctcagggat
ccctgagcga 180ttctctggct ccaactctgg gaacacagcc actctgacca
tcagcgggac ccaggctagg 240gatgaggctg actattactg tcaggcgtgg
gacagcagca ctgcatcggt gttcggcgga 300gggaccaag 30953324DNAHomo
sapiens 53cagcctgtgc tgactcagcc cccctcagtg tccgtgtccc caggacagac
tgccagcatc 60acctgctctg gagataaatt gggggataaa tatgcttcct ggtatcagca
gaagccaggc 120aagtcccctg tactggtcat ctatcaagat tccaatcggc
cctcagggat ccctgagcga 180ttctctggct ccaactctgg gaacacagcc
actctgacca tcagcgggac ccaggctagg 240gatgaggctg actattactg
tcaggcgtgg gaccactcct tgcagcacag gttcggcgga 300gggaccaagg
tcaccgtcct aggt 32454324DNAHomo sapiens 54cagcctgtgc tgactcagcc
cccctcagtg tccgtgtccc caggacagac tgccagcatc 60acctgctctg gagataaatt
gggggataaa tatgcttcct ggtatcagca gaagccaggc 120cagacccctg
tactggtcat ctatcaagat tccaatcggc cctcagggat ccctgagcga
180ttctctggct ccaactccgg gaacacagcc actctgacca tcagcgggac
ccaggctagg 240gatgaggctg actattactg tcaggcgtgg accagcgccc
tgaactcgca gttcggcgga 300gggaccaagg tcaccgtcct aggt 32455324DNAHomo
sapiens 55cagcctgtgc tgactcagcc cccctcagtg tccgtgtccc caggacagac
tgccagcatc 60acctgctctg gagataaatt gggggataaa tatgcttcct ggtatcagca
gaagccaggc 120cagtcccctg tactggtcat ctatcaagat tccaatcggc
cctcagggat ccctgagcga 180ttctctggct ccaactctgg ggacacagcc
actctgacca tcagcgggac ccaggctagg 240gatgaggctg actattactg
tcaggcgtgg acgcactccc tcagcacgtt gttcggcgga 300gggaccaagg
tcaccgtcct aggt 32456324DNAHomo sapiens 56tcctatgagc tgactcagcc
cccctcagtg tccgtgtccc caggacagac tgccagcatc 60acctgctctg gagataaatt
gggggataaa tatgcttcct ggtatcagca gaagccaggc 120cagtcccctg
tactggtcat ctatcaagat tccaatcggc cctcagggat ccctgagcga
180ttctctggct ccaactctgg gaacacagcc actctgacca tcagcgggac
ccaggctatg 240gatgaggctg actattactg tcaggcgtgg acccacagcc
tgagcacgtt gttcggcgga 300gggaccaagc tgaccgtcct aggt 32457318DNAHomo
sapiens 57cagtctgtgc tgactcagcc accctcagcg tctgggaccc ccgggcagag
ggtcaccatc 60tcttgttctg gaaggaactc caacatcgga agttatactg taacctggta
ccagcagctc 120ccaggaacgg cccccaaact cctcatctat agtaatagtc
agcggccctc aggggtccct 180gaccgattct caggctccaa gtctggcacc
tcagcctcct tggccatcag tgggctccag 240tctgaagatg aggctgatta
ttactgtgca gcatgggatg acagcctgaa tggcccggtg 300ttcggcggag ggaccaag
31858333DNAHomo sapiens 58cagtctgtgc tgactcagcc accctcagcg
tctgggaccc ccgggcagag ggtcaccatc 60tcttgttctg gaaggaactc caacatcgga
agttatactg taacctggta ccagcagctc 120ccaggaacgg cccccaaact
cctcatctat agtaatagtc agcggccctc aggggtccct 180gaccgattct
caggctccaa gtctggcacc tcagcctcct tggccatcag tgggctccag
240tctgaagatg aggctgatta ttactgtgtg gtgtgggatg acgtgctgaa
tggcccggtg 300ttcggcggag ggaccaagct gaccgtccta ggt 33359333DNAHomo
sapiens 59cagtctgtgc tgactcagcc accctcagcg tctgggaccc ccgggcagag
ggtcaccatc 60tcttgttctg gaaggaactc caacatcgga agttatactg taacctggta
ccagcagctc 120ccaggaacgg cccccaaact cctcatctat agtaatagtc
agcggccctc aggggtccct 180gaccgattct caggctccaa gtctggcacc
tcagcctcct tggccatcag tgggctccag 240tctgaagatg aggctgatta
ttactgtgtc gtgtgggatg acaagctgaa tggcccggtg 300ttcggcggag
ggaccaagct gaccgtccta ggt 33360333DNAHomo sapiens 60cagtctgtgc
tgactcagcc accctcagcg tctgggaccc ccgggcagag ggtcaccatc 60tcttgttctg
gaaggaactc caacatcgga agttatactg taacctggta ccagcagctc
120ccaggaacgg cccccaaact cctcatctat agtaatagtc agcggccctc
aggggtccct 180gaccgattct caggctccaa gtctggcacc tcagcctcct
tggccatcag tgggctccag 240tctgaagatg aggctgatta ttactgtgtg
gtgtgggacg agatcctgaa tggcccggtg 300ttcggcggag ggaccaagct
gaccgtccta ggt 33361309DNAHomo sapiens 61tcgtctgagc tgactcagga
ccctgctgtg tctgtggcct tgggacagac agtcaggatc 60acatgccaag gagacagcct
cagaagctat tatgcaagct ggtaccagca gaagccagga 120caggcccctg
tacttgtcat ctctgctaaa aacaaccggc cctcagggat cccagaccga
180ttctctggct ccagctcagg aaacacagct tccttgacca tcactggggc
tcaggcggaa 240gatgaagctg actattactg taactcccgg gacagcagta
accatgtggt attcggcgga 300gggaccaag 30962333DNAHomo sapiens
62cagtctgtgc tgactcagcc accctcagcg tctgggaccc ccgggcagag ggtcaccatc
60tcttgttctg gaaggaactc caacatcgga agttatactg taacctggta ccagcagctc
120ccaggaacgg cccccaaact cctcatctat agtaatagtc agcggccctc
aggggtccct 180gaccgattct caggctccaa gtctggcacc tcagcctcct
tggccatcag tgggctccag 240tctgaagatg aggctgatta ttactgtctc
gtgtgggacg acgtcctgaa tggcccggtg 300ttcggcggag ggaccaagct
gaccgtccta ggt 33363324DNAHomo sapiens 63tcgtctgagc tgactcagga
ccctgctgtg tctgtggcct tgggacagac agtcaggatc 60acatgccaag gagacagcct
cagaagctat tatgcaagct ggtaccagca gaagccagga 120caggcccctg
tacttgtcat ctctgctaaa aacaaccggc cctcagggat cccagaccga
180ttctctggct ccagctcagg aaacacagct tccttgacca tcactggggc
tcaggcggaa 240gatgaggctg actattactg tgcgtcccgg aacggctgga
accatgtggt attcggcgga 300gggaccaagc tgaccgtcct aggt 32464324DNAHomo
sapiens 64tcgtctgagc tgactcagga ccctgctgtg tctgtggcct tgggacagac
agtcagggtc 60acatgccaag gagacagcct cagaagctat tatgcaagct ggtaccagca
gaagccagga 120caggcccctg tacttgtcat ctctgctaaa aacaaccggc
cctcagggat cccagaccga 180ttctctggct ccagctcagg aaacacagct
tccttgacca tcactggggc tcaggcggaa 240gatgaggctg actattactg
tgcgtcccgg aacggctgga accatgtggt attcggcgga 300gggaccaagc
tgaccgtcct aggt 32465324DNAHomo sapiens 65tcgtctgagc tgactcagga
ccctgctgtg tctgtggcct tgggacagac agtcaggatc 60acatgccaag gagacagcct
cagaagctat tatgcaagct ggtaccagca gaagccagga 120caggcccctg
tacttgtcat ctctgctaaa aacaaccggc cctcagggat cccagaccga
180ttctctggct ccagctcagg aaacacagct tccttgacca tcactggggc
tcaggcggaa 240gatgaggctg actattactg tgcgtcccgg aacggctgga
accatgtggt attcggcgga 300gggaccaagc tgaccgtcct aggt 32466324DNAHomo
sapiens 66tcgtctgagc tgactcagga ccctgctgtg tctgtggcct tgggacagac
agtcagggtc 60acatgccaag gagacagcct cagaagctat tatgcaagct ggtaccagca
gaagccagga 120caggcccctg tacttgtcat ctctgctaaa aacaaccggc
cctcagggat cccagaccga 180ttctctggct ccagctcagg aaacacagct
tccttgacca tcactggggc tcaggcggaa 240gatgaggctg actattactg
tgcgtcccgg aacggctgga accatgtggt attcggcgga 300gggaccaagc
tgaccgtcct aggt 32467324DNAHomo sapiens 67tcgtctgagc tgactcagga
ccctgctgtg tctgtggcct tgggacagac agtcaggatc 60acatgccaag gagacagcct
cagaagctat tatgcaagct ggtaccagca gaagccagga 120caggcccctg
tacttgtcat ctctgctaaa aacaaccggc cctcagggat cccagaccga
180ttctctggct ccagctcagg aaacacagct tccttgacca tcactggggc
tcaggcggaa 240gatgaggctg actattactg tgcgacccgg aacggctgga
accatgtggt attcggcgga 300gggaccaagc tgaccgtcct aggt 32468324DNAHomo
sapiens 68tcgtctgagc tgactcagga ccctgctgtg tctgtggcct tgggacagac
agtcagggtc 60acatgccaag gagacagcct cagaagctat tatgcaagct ggtaccagca
gaagccagga 120caggcccctg tacttgtcat ctctgctaaa aacaaccggc
cctcagggat cccagaccga 180ttctctggct ccagctcagg aaacacagct
tccttgacca tcactggggc tcaggcggaa 240gatgaggctg actattactg
tgcgacccgg aacggctgga accatgtggt attcggcgga 300gggaccaagc
tgaccgtcct aggt 32469541PRTHomo sapiens 69Met Asn Cys Arg Glu Leu
Pro Leu Thr Leu Trp Val Leu Ile Ser Val 1 5 10 15 Ser Thr Ala Glu
Ser Cys Thr Ser Arg Pro His Ile Thr Val Val Glu 20 25 30 Gly Glu
Pro Phe Tyr Leu Lys His Cys Ser Cys Ser Leu Ala His Glu 35 40 45
Ile Glu Thr Thr Thr Lys Ser Trp Tyr Lys Ser Ser Gly Ser Gln Glu 50
55 60 His Val Glu Leu Asn Pro Arg Ser Ser Ser Arg Ile Ala Leu His
Asp 65 70 75 80 Cys Val Leu Glu Phe Trp Pro Val Glu Leu Asn Asp Thr
Gly Ser Tyr 85 90 95 Phe Phe Gln Met Lys Asn Tyr Thr Gln Lys Trp
Lys Leu Asn Val Ile 100 105 110 Arg Arg Asn Lys His Ser Cys Phe Thr
Glu Arg Gln Val Thr Ser Lys 115 120 125 Ile Val Glu Val Lys Lys Phe
Phe Gln Ile Thr Cys Glu Asn Ser Tyr 130 135 140 Tyr Gln Thr Leu Val
Asn Ser Thr Ser Leu Tyr Lys Asn Cys Lys Lys 145 150 155 160 Leu Leu
Leu Glu Asn Asn Lys Asn Pro Thr Ile Lys Lys Asn Ala Glu 165 170 175
Phe Glu Asp Gln Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Cys Val His Phe Leu His His Asn 180
185 190 Gly Lys Leu Phe Asn Ile Thr Lys Thr Phe Asn Ile Thr Ile Val
Glu 195 200 205 Asp Arg Ser Asn Ile Val Pro Val Leu Leu Gly Pro Lys
Leu Asn His 210 215 220 Val Ala Val Glu Leu Gly Lys Asn Val Arg Leu
Asn Cys Ser Ala Leu 225 230 235 240 Leu Asn Glu Glu Asp Val Ile Tyr
Trp Met Phe Gly Glu Glu Asn Gly 245 250 255 Ser Asp Pro Asn Ile His
Glu Glu Lys Glu Met Arg Ile Met Thr Pro 260 265 270 Glu Gly Lys Trp
His Ala Ser Lys Val Leu Arg Ile Glu Asn Ile Gly 275 280 285 Glu Ser
Asn Leu Asn Val Leu Tyr Asn Cys Thr Val Ala Ser Thr Gly 290 295 300
Gly Thr Asp Thr Lys Ser Phe Ile Leu Val Arg Lys Ala Asp Met Ala 305
310 315 320 Asp Ile Pro Gly His Val Phe Thr Arg Gly Met Ile Ile Ala
Val Leu 325 330 335 Ile Leu Val Ala Val Val Cys Leu Val Thr Val Cys
Val Ile Tyr Arg 340 345 350 Val Asp Leu Val Leu Phe Tyr Arg His Leu
Thr Arg Arg Asp Glu Thr 355 360 365 Leu Thr Asp Gly Lys Thr Tyr Asp
Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Leu Lys Glu 370 375 380 Cys Arg Pro Glu Asn Gly
Glu Glu His Thr Phe Ala Val Glu Ile Leu 385 390 395 400 Pro Arg Val
Leu Glu Lys His Phe Gly Tyr Lys Leu Cys Ile Phe Glu 405 410 415 Arg
Asp Val Val Pro Gly Gly Ala Val Val Asp Glu Ile His Ser Leu 420 425
430 Ile Glu Lys Ser Arg Arg Leu Ile Ile Val Leu Ser Lys Ser Tyr Met
435 440 445 Ser Asn Glu Val Arg Tyr Glu Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu His Glu
Ala Leu 450 455 460 Val Glu Arg Lys Ile Lys Ile Ile Leu Ile Glu Phe
Thr Pro Val Thr 465 470 475 480 Asp Phe Thr Phe Leu Pro Gln Ser Leu
Lys Leu Leu Lys Ser His Arg 485 490 495 Val Leu Lys Trp Lys Ala Asp
Lys Ser Leu Ser Tyr Asn Ser Arg Phe 500 505 510 Trp Lys Asn Leu Leu
Tyr Leu Met Pro Ala Lys Thr Val Lys Pro Gly 515 520 525 Arg Asp Glu
Pro Glu Val Leu Pro Val Leu Ser Glu Ser 530 535 540 701626DNAHomo
sapiens 70atgaattgta gagaattacc cttgaccctt tgggtgctta tatctgtaag
cactgcagaa 60tcttgtactt cacgtcccca cattactgtg gttgaagggg aacctttcta
tctgaaacat 120tgctcgtgtt cacttgcaca tgagattgaa acaaccacca
aaagctggta caaaagcagt 180ggatcacagg aacatgtgga gctgaaccca
aggagttcct cgagaattgc tttgcatgat 240tgtgttttgg agttttggcc
agttgagttg aatgacacag gatcttactt tttccaaatg 300aaaaattata
ctcagaaatg gaaattaaat gtcatcagaa gaaataaaca cagctgtttc
360actgaaagac aagtaactag taaaattgtg gaagttaaaa aattttttca
gataacctgt 420gaaaacagtt actatcaaac actggtcaac agcacatcat
tgtataagaa ctgtaaaaag 480ctactactgg agaacaataa aaacccaacg
ataaagaaga acgccgagtt tgaagatcag 540gggtattact cctgcgtgca
tttccttcat cataatggaa aactatttaa tatcaccaaa 600accttcaata
taacaatagt ggaagatcgc agtaatatag ttccggttct tcttggacca
660aagcttaacc atgttgcagt ggaattagga aaaaacgtaa ggctcaactg
ctctgctttg 720ctgaatgaag aggatgtaat ttattggatg ttcggggaag
aaaatggatc ggatcctaat 780atacatgaag agaaagaaat gagaattatg
actccagaag gcaaatggca tgcttcaaaa 840gtattgagaa ttgaaaatat
tggtgaaagc aatctaaatg ttttatataa ttgcactgtg 900gccagcacgg
gaggcacaga caccaaaagc ttcatcttgg tgagaaaagc agacatggct
960gatatcccag gccacgtctt cacaagagga atgatcatag ctgttttgat
cttggtggca 1020gtagtgtgcc tagtgactgt gtgtgtcatt tatagagttg
acttggttct attttataga 1080catttaacga gaagagatga aacattaaca
gatggaaaaa catatgatgc ttttgtgtct 1140tacctaaaag aatgccgacc
tgaaaatgga gaggagcaca cctttgctgt ggagattttg 1200cccagggtgt
tggagaaaca ttttgggtat aagttatgca tatttgaaag ggatgtagtg
1260cctggaggag ctgttgttga tgaaatccac tcactgatag agaaaagccg
aagactaatc 1320attgtcctaa gtaaaagtta tatgtctaat gaggtcaggt
atgaacttga aagtggactc 1380catgaagcat tggtggaaag aaaaattaaa
ataatcttaa ttgaatttac acctgttact 1440gacttcacat tcttgcccca
atcactaaag cttttgaaat ctcacagagt tctgaagtgg 1500aaggccgata
aatctctttc ttataactca aggttctgga agaaccttct ttacttaatg
1560cctgcaaaaa cagtcaagcc aggtagagac gaaccggaag tcttgcctgt
tctttccgag 1620tcttaa 162671599PRTHomo sapiens 71Met Leu Cys Leu
Gly Trp Ile Phe Leu Trp Leu Val Ala Gly Glu Arg 1 5 10 15 Ile Lys
Gly Phe Asn Ile Ser Gly Cys Ser Thr Lys Lys Leu Leu Trp 20 25 30
Thr Tyr Ser Thr Arg Ser Glu Glu Glu Phe Val Leu Phe Cys Asp Leu 35
40 45 Pro Glu Pro Gln Lys Ser His Phe Cys His Arg Asn Arg Leu Ser
Pro 50
55 60 Lys Gln Val Pro Glu His Leu Pro Phe Met Gly Ser Asn Asp Leu
Ser 65 70 75 80 Asp Val Gln Trp Tyr Gln Gln Pro Ser Asn Gly Asp Pro
Leu Glu Asp 85 90 95 Ile Arg Lys Ser Tyr Pro His Ile Ile Gln Asp
Lys Cys Thr Leu His 100 105 110 Phe Leu Thr Pro Gly Val Asn Asn Ser
Gly Ser Tyr Ile Cys Arg Pro 115 120 125 Lys Met Ile Lys Ser Pro Tyr
Asp Val Ala Cys Cys Val Lys Met Ile 130 135 140 Leu Glu Val Lys Pro
Gln Thr Asn Ala Ser Cys Glu Tyr Ser Ala Ser 145 150 155 160 His Lys
Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Gly Ser Thr Gly Ser Ile Ser Cys Pro 165 170 175
Ser Leu Ser Cys Gln Ser Asp Ala Gln Ser Pro Ala Val Thr Trp Tyr 180
185 190 Lys Asn Gly Lys Leu Leu Ser Val Glu Arg Ser Asn Arg Ile Val
Val 195 200 205 Asp Glu Val Tyr Asp Tyr His Gln Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys
Asp Tyr Thr 210 215 220 Gln Ser Asp Thr Val Ser Ser Trp Thr Val Arg
Ala Val Val Gln Val 225 230 235 240 Arg Thr Ile Val Gly Asp Thr Lys
Leu Lys Pro Asp Ile Leu Asp Pro 245 250 255 Val Glu Asp Thr Leu Glu
Val Glu Leu Gly Lys Pro Leu Thr Ile Ser 260 265 270 Cys Lys Ala Arg
Phe Gly Phe Glu Arg Val Phe Asn Pro Val Ile Lys 275 280 285 Trp Tyr
Ile Lys Asp Ser Asp Leu Glu Trp Glu Val Ser Val Pro Glu 290 295 300
Ala Lys Ser Ile Lys Ser Thr Leu Lys Asp Glu Ile Ile Glu Arg Asn 305
310 315 320 Ile Ile Leu Glu Lys Val Thr Gln Arg Asp Leu Arg Arg Lys
Phe Val 325 330 335 Cys Phe Val Gln Asn Ser Ile Gly Asn Thr Thr Gln
Ser Val Gln Leu 340 345 350 Lys Glu Lys Arg Gly Val Val Leu Leu Tyr
Ile Leu Leu Gly Thr Ile 355 360 365 Gly Thr Leu Val Ala Val Leu Ala
Ala Ser Ala Leu Leu Tyr Arg His 370 375 380 Trp Ile Glu Ile Val Leu
Leu Tyr Arg Thr Tyr Gln Ser Lys Asp Gln 385 390 395 400 Thr Leu Gly
Asp Lys Lys Asp Phe Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Ala Lys 405 410 415 Trp
Ser Ser Phe Pro Ser Glu Ala Thr Ser Ser Leu Ser Glu Glu His 420 425
430 Leu Ala Leu Ser Leu Phe Pro Asp Val Leu Glu Asn Lys Tyr Gly Tyr
435 440 445 Ser Leu Cys Leu Leu Glu Arg Asp Val Ala Pro Gly Gly Val
Tyr Ala 450 455 460 Glu Asp Ile Val Ser Ile Ile Lys Arg Ser Arg Arg
Gly Ile Phe Ile 465 470 475 480 Leu Ser Pro Asn Tyr Val Asn Gly Pro
Ser Ile Phe Glu Leu Gln Ala 485 490 495 Ala Val Asn Leu Ala Leu Asp
Asp Gln Thr Leu Lys Leu Ile Leu Ile 500 505 510 Lys Phe Cys Tyr Phe
Gln Glu Pro Glu Ser Leu Pro His Leu Val Lys 515 520 525 Lys Ala Leu
Arg Val Leu Pro Thr Val Thr Trp Arg Gly Leu Lys Ser 530 535 540 Val
Pro Pro Asn Ser Arg Phe Trp Ala Lys Met Arg Tyr His Met Pro 545 550
555 560 Val Lys Asn Ser Gln Gly Phe Thr Trp Asn Gln Leu Arg Ile Thr
Ser 565 570 575 Arg Ile Phe Gln Trp Lys Gly Leu Ser Arg Thr Glu Thr
Thr Gly Arg 580 585 590 Ser Ser Gln Pro Lys Glu Trp 595
721800DNAHomo sapiens 72atgctctgtt tgggctggat atttctttgg cttgttgcag
gagagcgaat taaaggattt 60aatatttcag gttgttccac aaaaaaactc ctttggacat
attctacaag gagtgaagag 120gaatttgtct tattttgtga tttaccagag
ccacagaaat cacatttctg ccacagaaat 180cgactctcac caaaacaagt
ccctgagcac ctgcccttca tgggtagtaa cgacctatct 240gatgtccaat
ggtaccaaca accttcgaat ggagatccat tagaggacat taggaaaagc
300tatcctcaca tcattcagga caaatgtacc cttcactttt tgaccccagg
ggtgaataat 360tctgggtcat atatttgtag acccaagatg attaagagcc
cctatgatgt agcctgttgt 420gtcaagatga ttttagaagt taagccccag
acaaatgcat cctgtgagta ttccgcatca 480cataagcaag acctacttct
tgggagcact ggctctattt cttgccccag tctcagctgc 540caaagtgatg
cacaaagtcc agcggtaacc tggtacaaga atggaaaact cctctctgtg
600gaaaggagca accgaatcgt agtggatgaa gtttatgact atcaccaggg
cacatatgta 660tgtgattaca ctcagtcgga tactgtgagt tcgtggacag
tcagagctgt tgttcaagtg 720agaaccattg tgggagacac taaactcaaa
ccagatattc tggatcctgt cgaggacaca 780ctggaagtag aacttggaaa
gcctttaact attagctgca aagcacgatt tggctttgaa 840agggtcttta
accctgtcat aaaatggtac atcaaagatt ctgacctaga gtgggaagtc
900tcagtacctg aggcgaaaag tattaaatcc actttaaagg atgaaatcat
tgagcgtaat 960atcatcttgg aaaaagtcac tcagcgtgat cttcgcagga
agtttgtttg ctttgtccag 1020aactccattg gaaacacaac ccagtccgtc
caactgaaag aaaagagagg agtggtgctc 1080ctgtacatcc tgcttggcac
catcgggacc ctggtggccg tgctggcggc gagtgccctc 1140ctctacaggc
actggattga aatagtgctg ctgtaccgga cctaccagag caaggatcag
1200acgcttgggg ataaaaagga ttttgatgct ttcgtatcct atgcaaaatg
gagctctttt 1260ccaagtgagg ccacttcatc tctgagtgaa gaacacttgg
ccctgagcct atttcctgat 1320gttttagaaa acaaatatgg atatagcctg
tgtttgcttg aaagagatgt ggctccagga 1380ggagtgtatg cagaagacat
tgtgagcatt attaagagaa gcagaagagg aatatttatc 1440ttgagcccca
actatgtcaa tggacccagt atctttgaac tacaagcagc agtgaatctt
1500gccttggatg atcaaacact gaaactcatt ttaattaagt tctgttactt
ccaagagcca 1560gagtctctac ctcatctcgt gaaaaaagct ctcagggttt
tgcccacagt tacttggaga 1620ggcttaaaat cagttcctcc caattctagg
ttctgggcca aaatgcgcta ccacatgcct 1680gtgaaaaact ctcagggatt
cacgtggaac cagctcagaa ttacctctag gatttttcag 1740tggaaaggac
tcagtagaac agaaaccact gggaggagct cccagcctaa ggaatggtga
180073467PRTHomo sapiens 73Met Gly Ser Thr Ala Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu
Leu Ala Val Leu Gln Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg Ala Glu Val Gln Leu Val
Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Val Val Gln 20 25 30 Pro Gly Arg Ser Leu Arg
Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe 35 40 45 Ser Gly Tyr Gly
Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu 50 55 60 Glu Trp
Val Ala Val Ile Ser Asn Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser 65 70 75 80
Asp Ser Val Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn 85
90 95 Thr Leu Tyr Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val 100 105 110 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Lys Gly Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Thr
Ser Ala Leu 115 120 125 Asn Leu Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val
Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr 130 135 140 Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala
Pro Cys Ser Arg Ser Thr Ser 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu
Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu 165 170 175 Pro Val Thr Val
Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His 180 185 190 Thr Phe
Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser 195 200 205
Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Asn Phe Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys 210
215 220 Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val
Glu 225 230 235 240 Arg Lys Cys Cys Val Glu Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala
Pro Pro Val Ala 245 250 255 Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys
Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 260 265 270 Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr
Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 275 280 285 Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln
Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val 290 295 300 His Asn Ala Lys
Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr Phe 305 310 315 320 Arg
Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Val His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly 325 330
335 Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile
340 345 350 Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro
Gln Val 355 360 365 Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys
Asn Gln Val Ser 370 375 380 Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro
Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 385 390 395 400 Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro
Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro 405 410 415 Met Leu Asp Ser Asp
Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val 420 425 430 Asp Lys Ser
Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met 435 440 445 His
Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 450 455
460 Pro Gly Lys 465 741427DNAHomo sapiens 74gtcgacgccg ccaccatggg
gtcaaccgcc atccttggcc tcctcctggc tgtcctgcag 60ggagggcgcg ccgaggtgca
gctggtggag tctgggggag gcgtggtcca gcctgggagg 120tccctgagac
tctcctgtgc agcgtctgga ttcaccttca gcggttatgg catgcactgg
180gtccgccagg ctccaggcaa ggggctggag tgggtggcag taatatcaaa
tgatggaagt 240aagaaatatt attcagactc cgtgaagggc cgattcacca
tctccagaga caattccaaa 300aacacgctgt atctgcagat gaacagcctg
agagctgagg acacggctgt atattactgt 360gcgaaagggt ccagttccat
atggctgacc tcggccctga acctgtgggg gcaggggacc 420acggtcaccg
tctcctcagc tagcaccaag ggcccatcgg tcttccccct ggcgccctgc
480tccaggagca cctccgagag cacagcggcc ctgggctgcc tggtcaagga
ctacttcccc 540gaaccggtga cggtgtcgtg gaactcaggc gctctgacca
gcggcgtgca caccttccca 600gctgtcctac agtcctcagg actctactcc
ctcagcagcg tggtgaccgt gccctccagc 660aacttcggca cccagaccta
cacctgcaac gtagatcaca agcccagcaa caccaaggtg 720gacaagacag
ttgagcgcaa atgttgtgtc gagtgcccac cgtgcccagc accacctgtg
780gcaggaccgt cagtcttcct cttcccccca aaacccaagg acaccctcat
gatctcccgg 840acccctgagg tcacgtgcgt ggtggtggac gtgagccacg
aagaccccga ggtccagttc 900aactggtacg tggacggcgt ggaggtgcat
aatgccaaga caaagccacg ggaggagcag 960ttcaacagca cgttccgtgt
ggtcagcgtc ctcaccgttg tgcaccagga ctggctgaac 1020ggcaaggagt
acaagtgcaa ggtctccaac aaaggcctcc cagcccccat cgagaaaacc
1080atctccaaaa ccaaagggca gccccgagaa ccacaggtgt acaccctgcc
cccatcccgg 1140gaggagatga ccaagaacca ggtcagcctg acctgcctgg
tcaaaggctt ctaccccagc 1200gacatcgccg tggagtggga gagcaatggg
cagccggaga acaactacaa gaccacacct 1260cccatgctgg actccgacgg
ctccttcttc ctctacagca agctcaccgt ggacaagagc 1320aggtggcagc
aggggaacgt cttctcatgc tccgtgatgc atgaggctct gcacaaccac
1380tacacgcaga agagcctctc cctgtctccg ggtaaatgag cggccgc
142775233PRTHomo sapiens 75Met Glu Thr Asp Thr Leu Leu Leu Trp Val
Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Pro 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Thr Gly Ser Ser Glu Leu
Thr Gln Asp Pro Ala Val Ser Val 20 25 30 Ala Leu Gly Gln Thr Val
Arg Ile Thr Cys Gln Gly Asp Ser Leu Arg 35 40 45 Ser Tyr Tyr Ala
Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val 50 55 60 Leu Val
Ile Ser Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg 65 70 75 80
Phe Ser Gly Ser Ser Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly 85
90 95 Ala Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Ser Arg Asn
Gly 100 105 110 Trp Asn His Val Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr
Val Leu Gly 115 120 125 Gln Pro Lys Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe
Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu 130 135 140 Glu Leu Gln Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu
Val Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe 145 150 155 160 Tyr Pro Gly Ala Val Thr
Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val 165 170 175 Lys Ala Gly Val
Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys 180 185 190 Tyr Ala
Ala Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser 195 200 205
His Arg Ser Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu 210
215 220 Lys Thr Val Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 225 230 76733DNAHomo
sapiens 76gtcgacgttt aaacgccgcc accatggaga cagacacact cctgctatgg
gtactgctgc 60tctgggttcc aggttccact ggttcgtctg agctgactca ggaccctgct
gtgtctgtgg 120ccttgggaca gacagtcagg atcacatgcc aaggagacag
cctcagaagc tattatgcaa 180gctggtacca gcagaagcca ggacaggccc
ctgtacttgt catctctgct aaaaacaacc 240ggccctcagg gatcccagac
cgattctctg gctccagctc aggaaacaca gcttccttga 300ccatcactgg
ggctcaggcg gaagatgagg ctgactatta ctgtgcgtcc cggaacggct
360ggaaccatgt ggtattcggc ggagggacca agctgaccgt cctaggccaa
ccgaaagcgg 420cgccctcggt cactctgttc ccgccctcct ctgaggagct
tcaagccaac aaggccacac 480tggtgtgtct cataagtgac ttctacccgg
gagccgtgac agtggcctgg aaggcagata 540gcagccccgt caaggcggga
gtggagacca ccacaccctc caaacaaagc aacaacaagt 600acgcggccag
cagctatctg agcctgacgc ctgagcagtg gaagtcccac agaagctaca
660gctgccaggt cacgcatgaa gggagcaccg tggagaagac agtggcccct
acagaatgtt 720cataggcggc cgc 73377467PRTHomo sapiens 77Met Gly Ser
Thr Ala Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Gln Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly
Arg Ala Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Val Val Gln 20 25
30 Pro Gly Arg Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe
35 40 45 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys
Gly Leu 50 55 60 Glu Trp Val Ala Val Ile Ser Asn Asp Gly Ser Lys
Lys Tyr Tyr Ser 65 70 75 80 Asp Ser Val Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser
Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn 85 90 95 Thr Leu Tyr Leu Gln Met Asn Ser
Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 100 105 110 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Lys Gly
Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Ser Gln Ser Leu 115 120 125 Asp Gly Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr 130 135 140 Lys Gly
Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg Ser Thr Ser 145 150 155
160 Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu
165 170 175 Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly
Val His 180 185 190 Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr
Ser Leu Ser Ser 195 200 205 Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Asn Phe Gly
Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys 210 215 220 Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn
Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val Glu 225 230 235 240 Arg Lys Cys Cys Val
Glu Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Val Ala 245 250 255 Gly Pro Ser
Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 260 265 270 Ile
Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 275 280
285 Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val
290 295 300 His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser
Thr Phe 305 310 315 320 Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Val His Gln
Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly 325 330 335 Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile 340 345 350 Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr
Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 355 360 365 Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro
Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser 370 375 380 Leu Thr Cys
Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 385 390 395 400
Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro 405
410 415 Met Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr
Val 420 425 430 Asp
Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met 435 440
445 His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser
450 455 460 Pro Gly Lys 465 781404DNAHomo sapiens 78atggggtcaa
ccgccatcct tggcctcctc ctggctgtcc tgcagggagg gcgcgccgag 60gtgcagctgg
tggagtctgg gggaggcgtg gtccagcctg ggaggtccct gagactctcc
120tgtgcagcgt ctggattcac cttcagcggt tatggcatgc actgggtccg
ccaggctcca 180ggcaaggggc tggagtgggt ggcagtaata tcaaatgatg
gaagtaagaa atattattca 240gactccgtga agggccgatt caccatctcc
agagacaatt ccaaaaacac gctgtatctg 300cagatgaaca gcctgagagc
tgaggacacg gctgtatatt actgtgcgaa agggtccagt 360tccatatggc
tgtcgcagtc cctggacggc tgggggcagg ggaccacggt caccgtctcc
420tcagctagca ccaagggccc atcggtcttc cccctggcgc cctgctccag
gagcacctcc 480gagagcacag cggccctggg ctgcctggtc aaggactact
tccccgaacc ggtgacggtg 540tcgtggaact caggcgctct gaccagcggc
gtgcacacct tcccagctgt cctacagtcc 600tcaggactct actccctcag
cagcgtggtg accgtgccct ccagcaactt cggcacccag 660acctacacct
gcaacgtaga tcacaagccc agcaacacca aggtggacaa gacagttgag
720cgcaaatgtt gtgtcgagtg cccaccgtgc ccagcaccac ctgtggcagg
accgtcagtc 780ttcctcttcc ccccaaaacc caaggacacc ctcatgatct
cccggacccc tgaggtcacg 840tgcgtggtgg tggacgtgag ccacgaagac
cccgaggtcc agttcaactg gtacgtggac 900ggcgtggagg tgcataatgc
caagacaaag ccacgggagg agcagttcaa cagcacgttc 960cgtgtggtca
gcgtcctcac cgttgtgcac caggactggc tgaacggcaa ggagtacaag
1020tgcaaggtct ccaacaaagg cctcccagcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc
caaaaccaaa 1080gggcagcccc gagaaccaca ggtgtacacc ctgcccccat
cccgggagga gatgaccaag 1140aaccaggtca gcctgacctg cctggtcaaa
ggcttctacc ccagcgacat cgccgtggag 1200tgggagagca atgggcagcc
ggagaacaac tacaagacca cacctcccat gctggactcc 1260gacggctcct
tcttcctcta cagcaagctc accgtggaca agagcaggtg gcagcagggg
1320aacgtcttct catgctccgt gatgcatgag gctctgcaca accactacac
gcagaagagc 1380ctctccctgt ctccgggtaa atga 140479233PRTHomo sapiens
79Met Glu Thr Asp Thr Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Pro 1
5 10 15 Gly Ser Thr Gly Ser Ser Glu Leu Thr Gln Asp Pro Ala Val Ser
Val 20 25 30 Ala Leu Gly Gln Thr Val Arg Ile Thr Cys Gln Gly Asp
Ser Leu Arg 35 40 45 Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ala Pro Val 50 55 60 Leu Val Ile Ser Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg 65 70 75 80 Phe Ser Gly Ser Ser Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly 85 90 95 Ala Gln Ala Glu Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Ser Arg Asn Gly 100 105 110 Trp Asn His
Val Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly 115 120 125 Gln
Pro Lys Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu 130 135
140 Glu Leu Gln Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe
145 150 155 160 Tyr Pro Gly Ala Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser
Ser Pro Val 165 170 175 Lys Ala Gly Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys
Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys 180 185 190 Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu
Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser 195 200 205 His Arg Ser Tyr Ser Cys Gln
Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu 210 215 220 Lys Thr Val Ala Pro
Thr Glu Cys Ser 225 230 80710DNAHomo sapiens 80atggagacag
acacactcct gctatgggta ctgctgctct gggttccagg ttccactggt 60tcgtctgagc
tgactcagga ccctgctgtg tctgtggcct tgggacagac agtcaggatc
120acatgccaag gagacagcct cagaagctat tatgcaagct ggtaccagca
gaagccagga 180caggcccctg tacttgtcat ctctgctaaa aacaaccggc
cctcagggat cccagaccga 240ttctctggct ccagctcagg aaacacagct
tccttgacca tcactggggc tcaggcggaa 300gatgaggctg actattactg
tgcgtcccgg aacggctgga accatgtggt attcggcgga 360gggaccaagc
tgaccgtcct aggccaaccg aaagcggcgc cctcggtcac tctgttcccg
420ccctcctctg aggagcttca agccaacaag gccacactgg tgtgtctcat
aagtgacttc 480tacccgggag ccgtgacagt ggcctggaag gcagatagca
gccccgtcaa ggcgggagtg 540gagaccacca caccctccaa acaaagcaac
aacaagtacg cggccagcag ctatctgagc 600ctgacgcctg agcagtggaa
gtcccacaga agctacagct gccaggtcac gcatgaaggg 660agcaccgtgg
agaagacagt ggcccctaca gaatgttcat aggcggccgc 71081466PRTHomo sapiens
81Met Gly Ser Thr Ala Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Gln Gly 1
5 10 15 Gly Arg Ala Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys
Lys 20 25 30 Pro Gly Ala Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Val Ser Gly
Tyr Thr Leu 35 40 45 Thr Glu Leu Ser Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala
Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu 50 55 60 Glu Trp Met Gly Gly Phe Asp Arg Glu
Asp Asp Glu Thr Ile His Ala 65 70 75 80 Gln Lys Phe Gln Gly Arg Val
Thr Met Thr Glu Asp Thr Ser Thr Asp 85 90 95 Thr Ala Tyr Met Glu
Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 100 105 110 Tyr Tyr Cys
Ala Thr Asp Leu Met Val Trp Gly Asp Phe Trp Ile Gln 115 120 125 His
Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys 130 135
140 Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg Ser Thr Ser Glu
145 150 155 160 Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe
Pro Glu Pro 165 170 175 Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr
Ser Gly Val His Thr 180 185 190 Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly
Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val 195 200 205 Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Asn
Phe Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys Asn 210 215 220 Val Asp His Lys Pro
Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val Glu Arg 225 230 235 240 Lys Cys
Cys Val Glu Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Val Ala Gly 245 250 255
Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile 260
265 270 Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His
Glu 275 280 285 Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val
Glu Val His 290 295 300 Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe
Asn Ser Thr Phe Arg 305 310 315 320 Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Val
His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys 325 330 335 Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val
Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu 340 345 350 Lys Thr Ile Ser
Lys Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr 355 360 365 Thr Leu
Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu 370 375 380
Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp 385
390 395 400 Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro
Pro Met 405 410 415 Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys
Leu Thr Val Asp 420 425 430 Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe
Ser Cys Ser Val Met His 435 440 445 Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450 455 460 Gly Lys 465
821401DNAHomo sapiens 82atggggtcaa ccgccatcct tggcctcctc ctggctgtcc
tgcagggagg gcgcgcccag 60gtgcagctgg tgcagtctgg ggctgaggtg aagaagcctg
gggcctcagt gaaggtctcc 120tgcaaggttt ccggatacac cctcactgaa
ttatccatgc actgggtgcg acaggctcct 180ggaaaagggc ttgagtggat
gggaggtttt gatcgtgaag atgatgaaac aatccacgca 240cagaagttcc
agggcagagt caccatgacc gaggacacat ctacagacac agcctacatg
300gaactgagca gcctgcgatc tgaggacacg gccgtttatt actgtgcaac
agatcttatg 360gtgtggggcg atttttggat ccagcactgg ggccagggga
cactggtcac cgtctcctca 420gctagcacca agggcccatc ggtcttcccc
ctggcgccct gctccaggag cacctccgag 480agcacagcgg ccctgggctg
cctggtcaag gactacttcc ccgaaccggt gacggtgtcg 540tggaactcag
gcgctctgac cagcggcgtg cacaccttcc cagctgtcct acagtcctca
600ggactctact ccctcagcag cgtggtgacc gtgccctcca gcaacttcgg
cacccagacc 660tacacctgca acgtagatca caagcccagc aacaccaagg
tggacaagac agttgagcgc 720aaatgttgtg tcgagtgccc accgtgccca
gcaccacctg tggcaggacc gtcagtcttc 780ctcttccccc caaaacccaa
ggacaccctc atgatctccc ggacccctga ggtcacgtgc 840gtggtggtgg
acgtgagcca cgaagacccc gaggtccagt tcaactggta cgtggacggc
900gtggaggtgc ataatgccaa gacaaagcca cgggaggagc agttcaacag
cacgttccgt 960gtggtcagcg tcctcaccgt tgtgcaccag gactggctga
acggcaagga gtacaagtgc 1020aaggtctcca acaaaggcct cccagccccc
atcgagaaaa ccatctccaa aaccaaaggg 1080cagccccgag aaccacaggt
gtacaccctg cccccatccc gggaggagat gaccaagaac 1140caggtcagcc
tgacctgcct ggtcaaaggc ttctacccca gcgacatcgc cgtggagtgg
1200gagagcaatg ggcagccgga gaacaactac aagaccacac ctcccatgct
ggactccgac 1260ggctccttct tcctctacag caagctcacc gtggacaaga
gcaggtggca gcaggggaac 1320gtcttctcat gctccgtgat gcatgaggct
ctgcacaacc actacacgca gaagagcctc 1380tccctgtctc cgggtaaatg a
140183238PRTHomo sapiens 83Met Glu Thr Asp Thr Leu Leu Leu Trp Val
Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Pro 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Thr Gly Ala Ser Gln Ser
Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Ala 20 25 30 Ser Gly Thr Pro Gly Gln
Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Arg Asn 35 40 45 Ser Asn Ile Gly
Ser Tyr Thr Val Thr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Leu Pro Gly 50 55 60 Thr Ala
Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Ser Asn Ser Gln Arg Pro Ser Gly 65 70 75 80
Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Lys Ser Gly Thr Ser Ala Ser Leu 85
90 95 Ala Ile Ser Gly Leu Gln Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys
Val 100 105 110 Val Trp Asp Glu Ile Leu Asn Gly Pro Val Phe Gly Gly
Gly Thr Lys 115 120 125 Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Gln Pro Lys Ala Ala Pro
Ser Val Thr Leu Phe 130 135 140 Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu Glu Leu Gln Ala
Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys 145 150 155 160 Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe Tyr
Pro Gly Ala Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala 165 170 175 Asp Ser Ser Pro
Val Lys Ala Gly Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys 180 185 190 Gln Ser
Asn Asn Lys Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro 195 200 205
Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His Arg Ser Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu 210
215 220 Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 225
230 235 84717DNAHomo sapiens 84atggagacag acacactcct gctatgggta
ctgctgctct gggttccagg ttccactggt 60gctagccagt ctgtgctgac tcagccaccc
tcagcgtctg ggacccccgg gcagagggtc 120accatctctt gttctggaag
gaactccaac atcggaagtt atactgtaac ctggtaccag 180cagctcccag
gaacggcccc caaactcctc atctatagta atagtcagcg gccctcaggg
240gtccctgacc gattctcagg ctccaagtct ggcacctcag cctccttggc
catcagtggg 300ctccagtctg aagatgaggc tgattattac tgtgtggtgt
gggacgagat cctgaatggc 360ccggtgttcg gcggagggac caagctgacc
gtcctaggcc aaccgaaagc ggcgccctcg 420gtcactctgt tcccgccctc
ctctgaggag cttcaagcca acaaggccac actggtgtgt 480ctcataagtg
acttctaccc gggagccgtg acagtggcct ggaaggcaga tagcagcccc
540gtcaaggcgg gagtggagac caccacaccc tccaaacaaa gcaacaacaa
gtacgcggcc 600agcagctatc tgagcctgac gcctgagcag tggaagtccc
acagaagcta cagctgccag 660gtcacgcatg aagggagcac cgtggagaag
acagtggccc ctacagaatg ttcatag 71785466PRTHomo sapiens 85Met Gly Ser
Thr Ala Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Gln Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly
Arg Ala Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys 20 25
30 Pro Gly Ala Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Val Ser Gly Tyr Thr Leu
35 40 45 Thr Glu Leu Ser Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys
Gly Leu 50 55 60 Glu Trp Met Gly Gly Phe Asp Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu
Thr Ile His Ala 65 70 75 80 Gln Lys Phe Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr
Glu Asp Thr Ser Thr Asp 85 90 95 Thr Ala Tyr Met Glu Leu Ser Ser
Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 100 105 110 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Thr Asp
Leu Met Val Trp Asn Phe Pro Pro Ile Gln 115 120 125 His Trp Gly Gln
Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys 130 135 140 Gly Pro
Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg Ser Thr Ser Glu 145 150 155
160 Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro
165 170 175 Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val
His Thr 180 185 190 Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
Leu Ser Ser Val 195 200 205 Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Asn Phe Gly Thr
Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys Asn 210 215 220 Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr
Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val Glu Arg 225 230 235 240 Lys Cys Cys Val Glu
Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Val Ala Gly 245 250 255 Pro Ser Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile 260 265 270 Ser
Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu 275 280
285 Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His
290 295 300 Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr
Phe Arg 305 310 315 320 Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Val His Gln Asp
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys 325 330 335 Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys
Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu 340 345 350 Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys
Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr 355 360 365 Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser
Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu 370 375 380 Thr Cys Leu
Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp 385 390 395 400
Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Met 405
410 415 Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val
Asp 420 425 430 Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser
Val Met His 435 440 445 Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450 455 460 Gly Lys 465 861401DNAHomo sapiens
86atggggtcaa ccgccatcct tggcctcctc ctggctgtcc tgcagggagg gcgcgcccag
60gtgcagctgg tgcagtctgg ggctgaggtg aagaagcctg gggcctcagt gaaggtctcc
120tgcaaggttt ccggatacac cctcactgaa ttatccatgc actgggtgcg
acaggctcct 180ggaaaagggc ttgagtggat gggaggtttt gatcgtgaag
atgatgaaac aatccacgca 240cagaagttcc agggcagagt caccatgacc
gaggacacat ctacagacac agcctacatg 300gaactgagca gcctgcgatc
tgaggacacg gccgtttatt actgtgcaac agatcttatg 360gtgtggaact
tcccccccat ccagcactgg ggccagggga cactggtcac cgtctcctca
420gctagcacca agggcccatc ggtcttcccc ctggcgccct gctccaggag
cacctccgag 480agcacagcgg ccctgggctg cctggtcaag gactacttcc
ccgaaccggt gacggtgtcg 540tggaactcag gcgctctgac cagcggcgtg
cacaccttcc cagctgtcct acagtcctca 600ggactctact ccctcagcag
cgtggtgacc gtgccctcca gcaacttcgg cacccagacc 660tacacctgca
acgtagatca caagcccagc aacaccaagg tggacaagac agttgagcgc
720aaatgttgtg tcgagtgccc accgtgccca gcaccacctg tggcaggacc
gtcagtcttc 780ctcttccccc caaaacccaa ggacaccctc atgatctccc
ggacccctga ggtcacgtgc 840gtggtggtgg acgtgagcca cgaagacccc
gaggtccagt tcaactggta cgtggacggc 900gtggaggtgc ataatgccaa
gacaaagcca cgggaggagc agttcaacag cacgttccgt 960gtggtcagcg
tcctcaccgt tgtgcaccag gactggctga acggcaagga gtacaagtgc
1020aaggtctcca acaaaggcct cccagccccc atcgagaaaa ccatctccaa
aaccaaaggg 1080cagccccgag aaccacaggt gtacaccctg cccccatccc
gggaggagat gaccaagaac 1140caggtcagcc tgacctgcct
ggtcaaaggc ttctacccca gcgacatcgc cgtggagtgg 1200gagagcaatg
ggcagccgga gaacaactac aagaccacac ctcccatgct ggactccgac
1260ggctccttct tcctctacag caagctcacc gtggacaaga gcaggtggca
gcaggggaac 1320gtcttctcat gctccgtgat gcatgaggct ctgcacaacc
actacacgca gaagagcctc 1380tccctgtctc cgggtaaatg a 140187238PRTHomo
sapiens 87Met Glu Thr Asp Thr Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Leu Leu Leu Trp
Val Pro 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Thr Gly Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Leu Thr Gln
Pro Pro Ser Ala 20 25 30 Ser Gly Thr Pro Gly Gln Arg Val Thr Ile
Ser Cys Ser Gly Arg Asn 35 40 45 Ser Asn Ile Gly Ser Tyr Thr Val
Thr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Leu Pro Gly 50 55 60 Thr Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu
Ile Tyr Ser Asn Ser Gln Arg Pro Ser Gly 65 70 75 80 Val Pro Asp Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser Lys Ser Gly Thr Ser Ala Ser Leu 85 90 95 Ala Ile
Ser Gly Leu Gln Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Val 100 105 110
Val Trp Asp Asp Val Leu Asn Gly Pro Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys 115
120 125 Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Gln Pro Lys Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu
Phe 130 135 140 Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu Glu Leu Gln Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr
Leu Val Cys 145 150 155 160 Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe Tyr Pro Gly Ala Val
Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala 165 170 175 Asp Ser Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly
Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys 180 185 190 Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr
Ala Ala Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro 195 200 205 Glu Gln Trp Lys
Ser His Arg Ser Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu 210 215 220 Gly Ser
Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 225 230 235
88717DNAHomo sapiens 88atggagacag acacactcct gctatgggta ctgctgctct
gggttccagg ttccactggt 60gctagccagt ctgtgctgac tcagccaccc tcagcgtctg
ggacccccgg gcagagggtc 120accatctctt gttctggaag gaactccaac
atcggaagtt atactgtaac ctggtaccag 180cagctcccag gaacggcccc
caaactcctc atctatagta atagtcagcg gccctcaggg 240gtccctgacc
gattctcagg ctccaagtct ggcacctcag cctccttggc catcagtggg
300ctccagtctg aagatgaggc tgattattac tgtgtggtgt gggatgacgt
gctgaatggc 360ccggtgttcg gcggagggac caagctgacc gtcctaggcc
aaccgaaagc ggcgccctcg 420gtcactctgt tcccgccctc ctctgaggag
cttcaagcca acaaggccac actggtgtgt 480ctcataagtg acttctaccc
gggagccgtg acagtggcct ggaaggcaga tagcagcccc 540gtcaaggcgg
gagtggagac caccacaccc tccaaacaaa gcaacaacaa gtacgcggcc
600agcagctatc tgagcctgac gcctgagcag tggaagtccc acagaagcta
cagctgccag 660gtcacgcatg aagggagcac cgtggagaag acagtggccc
ctacagaatg ttcatag 717895PRTHomo sapiens 89Gly Tyr Gly Met His 1 5
9018PRTHomo sapiens 90Val Ile Ser Asn Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr
Ser Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 9112PRTHomo sapiens 91Ser Ser
Ser Ile Trp Leu Thr Gln Ser Leu Asp His 1 5 10 925PRTHomo sapiens
92Gly Tyr Gly Met His 1 5 9318PRTHomo sapiens 93Val Ile Ser Asn Asp
Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg
9412PRTHomo sapiens 94Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Thr Gln Ser Leu Asp
His 1 5 10 955PRTHomo sapiens 95Gly Tyr Gly Met His 1 5 9618PRTHomo
sapiens 96Val Ile Ser Asn Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser
Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 9712PRTHomo sapiens 97Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp
Leu Ser Gln Ser Leu Asp Gly 1 5 10 985PRTHomo sapiens 98Gly Tyr Gly
Met His 1 5 9918PRTHomo sapiens 99Val Ile Ser Asn Asp Gly Ser Lys
Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 10012PRTHomo
sapiens 100Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Ser Gln Ser Leu Asp Gly 1 5 10
1015PRTHomo sapiens 101Gly Tyr Gly Met His 1 5 10218PRTHomo sapiens
102Val Ile Ser Asn Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val Lys
1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 10312PRTHomo sapiens 103Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu
Ser Gln Ser Leu Asp Gly 1 5 10 1045PRTHomo sapiens 104Gly Tyr Gly
Met His 1 5 10518PRTHomo sapiens 105Val Ile Ser Asn Asp Gly Ser Lys
Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 10612PRTHomo
sapiens 106Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Leu Thr Ser Ala Leu Asn Leu 1 5 10
1075PRTHomo sapiens 107Gly Tyr Gly Met His 1 5 10818PRTHomo sapiens
108Val Ile Ser Asn Asp Gly Ser Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Ser Val Lys
1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 10912PRTHomo sapiens 109Ser Ser Ser Ile Trp Phe
Gly Glu Thr Val Asp Tyr 1 5 10 1105PRTHomo sapiens 110Glu Leu Ser
Met His 1 5 11118PRTHomo sapiens 111Gly Phe Asp Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu
Thr Ile His Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 11211PRTHomo
sapiens 112Leu Met Val Trp Gly Asp Phe Trp Ile Gln His 1 5 10
1135PRTHomo sapiens 113Glu Leu Ser Met His 1 5 11418PRTHomo sapiens
114Gly Phe Asp Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr Ile His Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln
1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 11511PRTHomo sapiens 115Leu Met Val Trp Gly Asp
Phe Trp Ile Gln His 1 5 10 1165PRTHomo sapiens 116Glu Leu Ser Met
His 1 5 11718PRTHomo sapiens 117Gly Phe Asp Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr
Ile His Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 11811PRTHomo sapiens
118Leu Met Ala Trp Asp Tyr Pro Pro Ile Gln His 1 5 10 1195PRTHomo
sapiens 119Glu Leu Ser Met His 1 5 12018PRTHomo sapiens 120Gly Phe
Asp Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr Ile His Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1 5 10 15
Gly Arg 12111PRTHomo sapiens 121Leu Met Val Trp Asn Phe Pro Pro Ile
Gln His 1 5 10 1225PRTHomo sapiens 122Glu Leu Ser Met His 1 5
12318PRTHomo sapiens 123Gly Phe Asp Arg Glu Asp Asp Glu Thr Ile His
Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 12411PRTHomo sapiens 124Leu
Met Val Trp Gly Asp Phe Trp Ile Gln His 1 5 10 1255PRTHomo sapiens
125Ser Tyr Ala Met Ser 1 5 12618PRTHomo sapiens 126Ala Ile Ser Gly
Ser Gly Gly Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg
1278PRTHomo sapiens 127Arg Gly Asp Tyr Arg Thr Asp Ile 1 5
1285PRTHomo sapiens 128Ser Tyr Ala Met Ser 1 5 12918PRTHomo sapiens
129Ala Ile Ser Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val Lys
1 5 10 15 Gly Arg 1308PRTHomo sapiens 130Arg Gly Asp Tyr Arg Thr
Asp Ile 1 5 1315PRTHomo sapiens 131Ser Tyr Ala Met Ser 1 5
13211PRTHomo sapiens 132Ala Ile Ser Gly Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr
1 5 10 1338PRTHomo sapiens 133Arg Gly Asp Tyr Arg Thr Asp Ile 1 5
1345PRTHomo sapiens 134Ser Tyr Ala Met Ser 1 5 13511PRTHomo sapiens
135Ala Ile Ser Gly Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr 1 5 10 1368PRTHomo
sapiens 136Arg Gly Asp Tyr Arg Thr Asp Ile 1 5 1375PRTHomo sapiens
137Ser Tyr Ala Met Ser 1 5 13811PRTHomo sapiens 138Ala Ile Ser Gly
Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr 1 5 10 1399PRTHomo sapiens 139Val Arg
Gly Ile Tyr Gly Met Asp Val 1 5 14011PRTHomo sapiens 140Ser Gly Asp
Lys Leu Gly Asp Lys Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1417PRTHomo sapiens 141Gln
Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 14210PRTHomo sapiens 142Gln Ala Trp Asp
Ser Ser Thr Ala Ser Val 1 5 10 14311PRTHomo sapiens 143Ser Gly Asp
Lys Leu Gly Asp Lys Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1447PRTHomo sapiens 144Gln
Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 14510PRTHomo sapiens 145Gln Ala Trp Asp
His Ser Leu Gln His Arg 1 5 10 14611PRTHomo sapiens 146Ser Gly Asp
Lys Leu Gly Asp Lys Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1477PRTHomo sapiens 147Gln
Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 14810PRTHomo sapiens 148Gln Ala Trp Thr
Ser Ala Leu Asn Ser Gln 1 5 10 14911PRTHomo sapiens 149Ser Gly Asp
Lys Leu Gly Asp Lys Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1507PRTHomo sapiens 150Gln
Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 15110PRTHomo sapiens 151Gln Ala Trp Thr
His Ser Leu Ser Thr Leu 1 5 10 15211PRTHomo sapiens 152Ser Gly Asp
Lys Leu Gly Asp Lys Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1537PRTHomo sapiens 153Gln
Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 15410PRTHomo sapiens 154Gln Ala Trp Thr
His Ser Leu Ser Thr Leu 1 5 10 15513PRTHomo sapiens 155Ser Gly Arg
Asn Ser Asn Ile Gly Ser Tyr Thr Val Thr 1 5 10 1567PRTHomo sapiens
156Ser Asn Ser Gln Arg Pro Ser 1 5 15711PRTHomo sapiens 157Ala Ala
Trp Asp Asp Ser Leu Asn Gly Pro Val 1 5 10 15813PRTHomo sapiens
158Ser Gly Arg Asn Ser Asn Ile Gly Ser Tyr Thr Val Thr 1 5 10
1597PRTHomo sapiens 159Ser Asn Ser Gln Arg Pro Ser 1 5 16011PRTHomo
sapiens 160Val Val Trp Asp Asp Val Leu Asn Gly Pro Val 1 5 10
16113PRTHomo sapiens 161Ser Gly Arg Asn Ser Asn Ile Gly Ser Tyr Thr
Val Thr 1 5 10 1627PRTHomo sapiens 162Ser Asn Ser Gln Arg Pro Ser 1
5 16311PRTHomo sapiens 163Val Val Trp Asp Asp Lys Leu Asn Gly Pro
Val 1 5 10 16413PRTHomo sapiens 164Ser Gly Arg Asn Ser Asn Ile Gly
Ser Tyr Thr Val Thr 1 5 10 1657PRTHomo sapiens 165Ser Asn Ser Gln
Arg Pro Ser 1 5 16611PRTHomo sapiens 166Val Val Trp Asp Glu Ile Leu
Asn Gly Pro Val 1 5 10 16711PRTHomo sapiens 167Gln Gly Asp Ser Leu
Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1687PRTHomo sapiens 168Ala Lys Asn
Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 16910PRTHomo sapiens 169Asn Ser Arg Asp Ser Ser
Asn His Val Val 1 5 10 17013PRTHomo sapiens 170Ser Gly Arg Asn Ser
Asn Ile Gly Ser Tyr Thr Val Thr 1 5 10 1717PRTHomo sapiens 171Ser
Asn Ser Gln Arg Pro Ser 1 5 17211PRTHomo sapiens 172Leu Val Trp Asp
Asp Val Leu Asn Gly Pro Val 1 5 10 17311PRTHomo sapiens 173Gln Gly
Asp Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1747PRTHomo sapiens
174Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 17510PRTHomo sapiens 175Ala Ser
Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val Val 1 5 10 17611PRTHomo sapiens 176Gln
Gly Asp Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1777PRTHomo sapiens
177Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 17810PRTHomo sapiens 178Ala Ser
Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val Val 1 5 10 17911PRTHomo sapiens 179Gln
Gly Asp Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1807PRTHomo sapiens
180Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 18110PRTHomo sapiens 181Ala Ser
Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val Val 1 5 10 18211PRTHomo sapiens 182Gln
Gly Asp Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1837PRTHomo sapiens
183Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 18410PRTHomo sapiens 184Ala Ser
Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val Val 1 5 10 18511PRTHomo sapiens 185Gln
Gly Asp Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1867PRTHomo sapiens
186Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 18710PRTHomo sapiens 187Ala Thr
Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val Val 1 5 10 18811PRTHomo sapiens 188Gln
Gly Asp Ser Leu Arg Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 1897PRTHomo sapiens
189Ala Lys Asn Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 19010PRTHomo sapiens 190Ala Thr
Arg Asn Gly Trp Asn His Val Val 1 5 10 19115DNAHomo sapiens
191ggttatggca tgcac 1519254DNAHomo sapiens 192gtaatatcaa atgatggaag
taagaaatat tattcagact ccgtgaaggg ccga 5419336DNAHomo sapiens
193tccagttcca tatggctgac ccagtccctg gaccac 3619415DNAHomo sapiens
194ggttatggca tgcac 1519554DNAHomo sapiens 195gtaatatcaa atgatggaag
taagaaatat tattcagact ccgtgaaggg ccga 5419636DNAHomo sapiens
196tccagttcca tatggctgac ccagtccctg gaccac 3619715DNAHomo sapiens
197ggttatggca tgcac 1519854DNAHomo sapiens 198gtaatatcaa atgatggaag
taagaaatat tattcagact ccgtgaaggg ccga 5419936DNAHomo sapiens
199tccagttcca tatggctgtc gcagtccctg gacggc 3620015DNAHomo sapiens
200ggttatggca tgcac 1520154DNAHomo sapiens 201gtaatatcaa atgatggaag
taagaaatat tattcagact ccgtgaaggg ccga 5420236DNAHomo sapiens
202tccagttcca tatggctgtc gcagtccctg gacggc 3620315DNAHomo sapiens
203ggttatggca tgcac 1520454DNAHomo sapiens 204gtaatatcaa atgatggaag
taagaaatat tattcagact ccgtgaaggg ccga 5420536DNAHomo sapiens
205tccagttcca tatggctgac ctcggccctg aacctg 3620615DNAHomo sapiens
206ggttatggca tgcac 1520754DNAHomo sapiens 207gtaatatcaa atgatggaag
taagaaatat tattcagact ccgtgaaggg ccga 5420836DNAHomo sapiens
208tccagttcca tatggctgac ctcggccctg aacctg 3620915DNAHomo sapiens
209ggttatggca tgcac 1521054DNAHomo sapiens 210gtaatatcaa atgatggaag
taagaaatat tattcagact ccgtgaaggg ccga 5421136DNAHomo sapiens
211tccagttcca tatggttcgg ggagaccgtt gactac 3621215DNAHomo sapiens
212gaattatcca tgcac 1521354DNAHomo sapiens 213ggttttgatc gtgaagatga
tgaaacaatc cacgcacaga agttccaggg caga 5421433DNAHomo sapiens
214cttatggtgt ggggcgattt ttggatccag cac 3321515DNAHomo sapiens
215gaattatcca tgcac 1521654DNAHomo sapiens 216ggttttgatc gtgaagatga
tgaaacaatc cacgcacaga agttccaggg caga 5421733DNAHomo sapiens
217cttatggtgt ggggcgattt ttggatccag cac 3321815DNAHomo sapiens
218gaattatcca tgcac 1521954DNAHomo sapiens 219ggttttgatc gtgaagatga
tgaaacaatc cacgcacaga agttccaggg caga 5422033DNAHomo sapiens
220cttatggcct gggactaccc gcccatccag cac 3322115DNAHomo sapiens
221gaattatcca tgcac 1522254DNAHomo sapiens 222ggttttgatc gtgaagatga
tgaaacaatc cacgcacaga agttccaggg caga 5422333DNAHomo sapiens
223cttatggtgt ggaacttccc ccccatccag cac 3322415DNAHomo sapiens
224gaattatcca tgcac 1522554DNAHomo sapiens 225ggttttgatc gtgaagatga
tgaaacaatc cacgcacaga agttccaggg caga 5422633DNAHomo sapiens
226cttatggtgt ggggcgattt ttggatccag cac 3322715DNAHomo sapiens
227agctatgcca tgagc 1522854DNAHomo sapiens 228gctattagtg gtagtggtgg
tggcacatac tacgcagact ccgtgaaggg ccgg 5422924DNAHomo sapiens
229cggggcgact accggacgga catc 2423015DNAHomo sapiens 230agctatgcca
tgagc 1523154DNAHomo sapiens 231gctattagtg gtagtggtgg tggcacatac
tacgcagact ccgtgaaggg ccgg 5423224DNAHomo sapiens 232cggggggact
accggacgga catc 2423315DNAHomo sapiens 233agctatgcca tgagc
1523433DNAHomo sapiens 234gctattagtg gtagtggtgg tagcacatac tac
3323524DNAHomo sapiens 235cggggggact accggacgga catc
2423615DNAHomo sapiens 236agctatgcca tgagc 1523733DNAHomo sapiens
237gctattagtg gtagtggtgg tagcacatac tac 3323824DNAHomo sapiens
238cggggggact accggacgga catc 2423915DNAHomo sapiens 239agctatgcca
tgagc 1524033DNAHomo sapiens 240gctattagtg gtagtggtgg tagcacatac
tac 3324127DNAHomo sapiens 241gttcggggca tatacggtat ggacgtc
2724233DNAHomo sapiens 242tctggagata aattggggga taaatatgct tcc
3324321DNAHomo sapiens 243caagattcca atcggccctc a 2124430DNAHomo
sapiens 244caggcgtggg acagcagcac tgcatcggtg 3024533DNAHomo sapiens
245tctggagata aattggggga taaatatgct tcc 3324621DNAHomo sapiens
246caagattcca atcggccctc a 2124730DNAHomo sapiens 247caggcgtggg
accactcctt gcagcacagg 3024833DNAHomo sapiens 248tctggagata
aattggggga taaatatgct tcc 3324921DNAHomo sapiens 249caagattcca
atcggccctc a 2125030DNAHomo sapiens 250caggcgtgga ccagcgccct
gaactcgcag 3025133DNAHomo sapiens 251tctggagata aattggggga
taaatatgct tcc 3325221DNAHomo sapiens 252caagattcca atcggccctc a
2125330DNAHomo sapiens 253caggcgtgga cgcactccct cagcacgttg
3025433DNAHomo sapiens 254tctggagata aattggggga taaatatgct tcc
3325521DNAHomo sapiens 255caagattcca atcggccctc a 2125630DNAHomo
sapiens 256caggcgtgga cccacagcct gagcacgttg 3025739DNAHomo sapiens
257tctggaagga actccaacat cggaagttat actgtaacc 3925821DNAHomo
sapiens 258agtaatagtc agcggccctc a 2125933DNAHomo sapiens
259gcagcatggg atgacagcct gaatggcccg gtg 3326039DNAHomo sapiens
260tctggaagga actccaacat cggaagttat actgtaacc 3926121DNAHomo
sapiens 261agtaatagtc agcggccctc a 2126233DNAHomo sapiens
262gtggtgtggg atgacgtgct gaatggcccg gtg 3326339DNAHomo sapiens
263tctggaagga actccaacat cggaagttat actgtaacc 3926421DNAHomo
sapiens 264agtaatagtc agcggccctc a 2126533DNAHomo sapiens
265gtcgtgtggg atgacaagct gaatggcccg gtg 3326639DNAHomo sapiens
266tctggaagga actccaacat cggaagttat actgtaacc 3926721DNAHomo
sapiens 267agtaatagtc agcggccctc a 2126833DNAHomo sapiens
268gtggtgtggg acgagatcct gaatggcccg gtg 3326933DNAHomo sapiens
269caaggagaca gcctcagaag ctattatgca agc 3327021DNAHomo sapiens
270gctaaaaaca accggccctc a 2127133DNAHomo sapiens 271tgtaactccc
gggacagcag taaccatgtg gta 3327239DNAHomo sapiens 272tctggaagga
actccaacat cggaagttat actgtaacc 3927321DNAHomo sapiens
273agtaatagtc agcggccctc a 2127433DNAHomo sapiens 274ctcgtgtggg
acgacgtcct gaatggcccg gtg 3327533DNAHomo sapiens 275caaggagaca
gcctcagaag ctattatgca agc 3327621DNAHomo sapiens 276gctaaaaaca
accggccctc a 2127730DNAHomo sapiens 277gcgtcccgga acggctggaa
ccatgtggta 3027833DNAHomo sapiens 278caaggagaca gcctcagaag
ctattatgca agc 3327921DNAHomo sapiens 279gctaaaaaca accggccctc a
2128030DNAHomo sapiens 280gcgtcccgga acggctggaa ccatgtggta
3028133DNAHomo sapiens 281caaggagaca gcctcagaag ctattatgca agc
3328221DNAHomo sapiens 282gctaaaaaca accggccctc a 2128330DNAHomo
sapiens 283gcgtcccgga acggctggaa ccatgtggta 3028433DNAHomo sapiens
284caaggagaca gcctcagaag ctattatgca agc 3328521DNAHomo sapiens
285gctaaaaaca accggccctc a 2128630DNAHomo sapiens 286gcgtcccgga
acggctggaa ccatgtggta 3028733DNAHomo sapiens 287caaggagaca
gcctcagaag ctattatgca agc 3328821DNAHomo sapiens 288gctaaaaaca
accggccctc a 2128930DNAHomo sapiens 289gcgacccgga acggctggaa
ccatgtggta 3029033DNAHomo sapiens 290caaggagaca gcctcagaag
ctattatgca agc 3329121DNAHomo sapiens 291gctaaaaaca accggccctc a
2129230DNAHomo sapiens 292gcgacccgga acggctggaa ccatgtggta 30
* * * * *