U.S. patent application number 14/054183 was filed with the patent office on 2014-03-20 for head restraint with an autoreactive framework structure.
This patent application is currently assigned to SITECH SITZTECHNIK GMBH. The applicant listed for this patent is SITECH SITZTECHNIK GMBH. Invention is credited to Tomas BARKOW, Jens BAUMGARTEN, Martin BUCHENBERGER, Anne CORDES, Damien DEVOLDER, Martin FISCHER, Thomas NITSCHE.
Application Number | 20140077565 14/054183 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46022151 |
Filed Date | 2014-03-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140077565 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BAUMGARTEN; Jens ; et
al. |
March 20, 2014 |
HEAD RESTRAINT WITH AN AUTOREACTIVE FRAMEWORK STRUCTURE
Abstract
A head restraint with a basic structure which serves to adjust
the head restraint and to receive a person's head. The basic
structure has a holding structure and at least one framework
structure, wherein the framework structure has flexurally elastic
flanks and deflectable cross struts which lie between the flanks
and are arranged on the flanks via an elastic connector, as a
result of which a force pulse which acts on the cross struts of the
at least one framework structure via a flexurally elastic flank and
which acts on a front side of the at least one framework structure
from one direction causes a compensating, autoreactive deformation
of the at least one framework structure at another point in the
opposite direction.
Inventors: |
BAUMGARTEN; Jens;
(Braunschweig, DE) ; BUCHENBERGER; Martin;
(Wendeburg, DE) ; DEVOLDER; Damien; (Braunschweig,
DE) ; BARKOW; Tomas; (Braunschweig, DE) ;
CORDES; Anne; (Wesendorf, DE) ; FISCHER; Martin;
(Wolfsburg, DE) ; NITSCHE; Thomas; (Wolfsburg,
DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SITECH SITZTECHNIK GMBH |
Wolfsburg |
|
DE |
|
|
Assignee: |
SITECH SITZTECHNIK GMBH
Wolfsburg
DE
|
Family ID: |
46022151 |
Appl. No.: |
14/054183 |
Filed: |
October 15, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
PCT/EP2012/001582 |
Apr 12, 2012 |
|
|
|
14054183 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
297/404 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60N 2/885 20180201;
B60N 2/806 20180201; B60N 2/888 20180201 |
Class at
Publication: |
297/404 |
International
Class: |
B60N 2/48 20060101
B60N002/48 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 13, 2011 |
DE |
DE102011016959.8 |
Claims
1. A head restraint with a basic structure, which serves to adjust
a head restraint and to receive a person's head, the basic
structure comprises: a support structure; and at least one
framework structure, the framework structure havings flexurally
elastic flanks and deflectable cross struts that lie between the
flanks and are arranged on the flanks via an elastic connector, as
a result of which a force pulse which acts on the cross struts of
the at least one framework structure via a flexurally elastic flank
and which acts on a front side of the at least one framework
structure from one direction causes a compensating, autoreactive
deformation of the at least one framework structure at another
point in an opposite direction.
2. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein a force acting
in a direction generates the force pulse, which is transmitted via
a person's head with a formation of a point of impact of the head
or an area of impact of the head on a front side of the framework
structure and causes an adjustment of the head restraint at another
point, in a horizontal line transverse to the direction of the
acting force, at least on one side to the side of the point of
impact or an area of impact of the force pulse in an opposite
direction.
3. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein the flexurally
elastic flanks of the at least one framework structure in the head
restraint are arranged in the transverse direction in the
horizontal line transverse to the direction of the force producing
the force pulse.
4. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein the cross
struts of the at least one framework structure in the head
restraint are arranged substantially in a vertical direction in a
vertical line transverse to the direction of the force producing
the force pulse.
5. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein the second
flexurally elastic flank of the at least one framework structure is
connected at least partially to the support structure.
6. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein the at least
one framework structure has a triangular or rectangular shape, and
wherein a plurality of framework structures of the same shape or
different shapes are assembled to form a multi-framework
structure.
7. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein the at least
one framework structure connected to the support structure of the
head restraint is arranged on a backrest via support rods connected
to the support structure as a single head restraint or wherein the
at least one framework structure is integrated into a structure of
a backrest.
8. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein the at least
one framework structure is used to form side wings arranged on a
support element of the support structure, and wherein the side
wings are configured to be brought autoreactively out of a starting
position into a comfort position and back in a direction of
travel.
9. The head restraint according to claim 8, wherein a cushion
element is arranged on the front side of the head restraint on the
framework structure forming the side wings, and wherein, between a
back of the cushion element and a front side of the framework
structure of the side wings, a sliding plane is formed, in which
the facing and adjacent areas form a friction pair with a low
friction coefficient.
10. The head restraint according to claim 9, wherein the framework
structure of the side wings and the cushion element are formed as
separate fin ray cushion element that are separable from the head
restraint.
11. The head restraint according to claim 8, wherein the support
structure for receiving the framework structure of the side wings
has a trough-shaped formation.
12. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein the
deflectable cross struts, lying between the flexurally elastic
flanks close to the flexurally elastic flanks form hinge sites or
joint sites, whose elasticity is influenced by a performed material
weakening.
13. The head restraint according to claim 8, wherein the framework
structure of the side wings in their starting position forms a
contact area for the head in a V-shape, and wherein the side wings
of the framework structure already in their starting position
emerge dish-like at least in a bottom area from a plane forward in
the direction toward an occupant's head.
14. The head restraint according to claim 8, wherein the framework
structure of the side wings in their starting position forms a
contact area for the head in a V-shape, and wherein the side wings
of the framework structure in their starting position lie in a
plane, and wherein, at least in a bottom area of the side wings on
the framework structure, at least one foam part is arranged
emerging dish-like forward in the direction toward an occupant's
head.
15. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein, proceeding
from an axially symmetric central axis, a distance and/or length of
the cross struts, oriented vertically between the flexurally
elastic flanks in a normal installation state of the head
restraint, decrease from an inside to an outside.
16. The head restraint according to claim 8, wherein a bottom area
of the framework structure of the side wings is made reinforced
and/or has a stiffenor.
17. The head restraint according to claim 8, wherein at least one
corner foam part is arranged on the framework structure of each
side wing, as a result of which in a starting position, in which
the side wings lie in a plane, a dishing of the contact area of the
head is effected.
18. The head restraint according to claim 9, wherein a cushion
element, which is a foam part provided with a cover, is arranged on
the framework structure.
19. The head restraint according to claim 9, wherein a sliding
plane is formed between the framework structure and the cushion
element, wherein the sliding plane is arranged between a rear side
of the cushion element and a front side of the framework structure
of the side wings, in which facing adjacent areas of the back of
the cushion element and the front side of the framework structure
form a friction pair with a low friction coefficient.
20. The head restraint according to claim 18, wherein the foam part
comprises a middle foam part and each side wing an edge foam part
and/or a corner foam part.
21. The head restraint according to claim 20, wherein the middle
foam part is made of a softer foam and wherein the edge foam part
and/or the corner foam part is of a harder foam compared with the
softer foam.
22. The head restraint according to claim 21, wherein the middle
foam part is made of a softer viscoelastic foam and wherein the
edge foam part and/or the corner foam part is made of a harder
viscoelastic foam compared with the softer viscoelastic foam.
23. The head restraint according to claim 8, wherein the side wings
formed as the framework structure on the front side of the
framework structure in the area of the central axis have an opening
in which an absorbing element accessible from the front side is
arranged, which is a foam part, particularly in the fashion of a
pressure mushroom, and wherein a viscoelastic foam is used.
24. The head restraint according to claim 8, wherein the framework
structure of the side wings has reinforcing elements, which
increase an adjustment path of the side wings from a starting
position to a comfort position and back.
25. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein the head
restraint is arranged pivotable on a head restraint pivot axis
relative to a backrest, and wherein the position of the head
restraint relative to the backrest and thereby a position of the
framework structure, depending on the backrest tilt, is configured
to be adjusted further manually or automatically.
26. The head restraint according to claim 1, wherein the framework
structure is arranged pivotable on a framework structure pivot axis
relative to the support element, and wherein the position of the
framework structure relative to the support element and thereby
relative to the backrest depending on the backrest tilt is
configured to be adjusted further manually or automatically.
Description
[0001] This nonprovisional application is a continuation of
International Application No. PCT/EP2012/001582, which was filed on
Apr. 12, 2012, and which claims priority to German Patent
Application No. DE 10 2011 016 959.8, which was filed in Germany on
Apr. 13, 2011, and which are both herein incorporated by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to a head restraint with a
basic structure which serves to adjust the head restraint and to
receive a person's head.
[0004] 2. Description of the Background Art
[0005] "Function-integrated, bionic car seats" are known from the
prior art. The particular feature of these seats lies in the design
of the backrest, which utilizes a fin ray principle. The use of
this principle and the basic structure, the so-called fin ray
structure, have already been described in EP 1 040 999 A2 for the
construction of structural elements, such as backrests and seat
areas.
[0006] A fin ray principle can be observed in fish. It is based on
the special structure of the fin rays of fish. When a point is
pressed, the principle causes the fin ray to move opposite to this
pressure direction. The fin ray reacts to the pressure with
counterpressure. This becomes possible because of the special
structure of the fin ray with two flexible struts, which converge
at a tip and there grow together solidly. Cross struts, which keep
the flanks at a distance and allow elastic movements, are located
between the two elastic flanks. If the tail ray is held firmly at
the base and the middle of the fin blade is pressed with a finger,
the fin tip contrary to expectations moves opposite to the pressing
direction of the finger.
[0007] This operating principle was realized technically in a
backrest structure of a car seat in the following manner: Two
flexible flanks made of thermoplastic fiberglass composite (a
so-called organic sheet) form the front and back of the backrest.
These are attached at the bottom to the backrest base, run together
tapering upwards, where their ends are connected. Struts attached
in an articulated manner to the flanks connect the front and back
sides and keep these at a distance. Such a backrest also provides
support in the lumbar area, yields in the shoulder region mostly
toward the back, and thereby simultaneously reduces the distance of
a head cushion of a head restraint to the head of a seat occupant.
In large displacements, as may also occur, for example, in a
rear-end collision, whiplash injury can be effectively countered
with the aid of such a backrest structure. Thus, an anti-whiplash
effect in the head area can be achieved with such a backrest
structure.
[0008] A vehicle seat that utilizes the fin ray principle is
described in the publication DE 10 2005 054 125 B3. The backrest
frame of the vehicle seat comprises a construction built on the fin
ray principle in a frame-like fashion; the construction comprises a
rigid rear wall, a flexibly formed plate-like front wall, and cross
struts arranged between them. The cross struts extend in their
longitudinal direction along the vehicle seat width direction. The
front wall and rear wall, in contrast, have a longitudinal
extension in the vehicle height direction. The publication provides
a backrest of a vehicle seat, which can be deformed in a simple way
by using the fin ray principle both in the lumbar and in the
shoulder region with mutual interdependence.
[0009] Thus far, in the automotive sector it was only envisaged to
develop a backrest whose upper part functions as a head restraint
in a crash. The upper part of the backrest moves forward in the
crash and thus prevents the head from falling backwards and the
cervical spine from hyperextending. As mentioned above in the event
of a crash, the so-called anti-whiplash effect is achieved thereby
for the head of a vehicle occupant.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] It is therefore an object of the present invention to
provide a single head restraint with a basic structure which serves
to adjust the head restraint and to receive a person's head. The
use of a fin ray principle for the head restraint is also provided
according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0011] The head restraint of the invention with a fin ray design
and the mode of action according to the fin ray principle is
intended to be used not only in passenger vehicles but its
application is also proposed for all vehicles, for example, also
airplanes, buses, trains, and ships, or the like.
[0012] The head restraint according to the invention is given a fin
ray structure or, in other words, an intelligent reactive
structure, which functions or reacts using bionic approaches, as
will be explained hereafter.
[0013] According to an embodiment of the invention, a support
structure and the autoreactive structure in the nature of the fin
ray design are proposed for the basic structure of the head
restraint, whereby the autoreactive structure has a function that
operates according to the explained fin ray principle.
[0014] It is provided that the basic structure comprises the
support structure and the at least one autoreactive framework-like
structure, called a framework structure below, whereby the
framework structure has flexurally elastic flanks and deflectable
cross struts which lie between the flanks and are arranged on the
flanks via an elastic connector, as a result of which a force pulse
which acts on the cross struts of the at least one framework
structure via a flexurally elastic flank and which acts on a front
side of the framework structure from one direction causes a
compensating, autoreactive deformation of the at least one
framework structure at another point in the opposite direction.
[0015] In an embodiment of the invention, the force acting in a
direction generates the force pulse, which is transmitted via a
person's head with the formation of a point of impact of the head
or an area of impact of the head on the front side of the framework
structure. The head restraint is adjusted in the opposite direction
at another point, in a horizontal line transverse to the direction
of the acting force, at least on one side to the side of the point
of impact or to the area of impact of the force pulse.
[0016] The framework structure via the autoreactive adjustment to
the side of the point of impact or area of impact of the force
pulse in the opposite direction to the force pulse forms a type of
side wing.
[0017] Contrary to the prior art, particularly a changed
orientation of the framework structure is provided. In an
embodiment of the invention, the flexurally elastic flanks of the
at least one framework structure in the head restraint can be
arranged in a transverse direction in a horizontal line transverse
to the direction of the force producing the force pulse. In a
further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross struts of
the at least one framework structure in the head restraint are
arranged substantially in the vertical direction in the vertical
line transverse to the direction of the force producing the force
pulse.
[0018] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second
flexurally elastic flank of the at least one framework structure
can be connected at least partially to the support structure.
[0019] It is provided further to generate different, desired
deformations of the framework structure that the framework
structures have a triangular or a rectangular shape, whereby a
plurality of framework structures of the same shape or different
shapes can be assembled to form a multi-framework structure.
[0020] In an embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the at
least one framework structure, connected to the support structure,
of the head restraint can be arranged on a backrest as a single
head restraint via the support rods, connected to the support
structure, or the at least one framework structure of the head
restraint is integrated into a structure of a backrest.
[0021] In an embodiment of the invention, separate "comfort side
wings," which are attached to the support structure, can be formed
as the autoreactive framework structure. It is provided that the at
least one framework structure is used to form the side wings,
arranged on a support element of the support structure, whereby the
side wings can be brought autoreactively out of a starting position
into a comfort position and back in the direction of travel.
[0022] A cushion element, which is a foam part provided with a
cover, can be arranged on the framework structure.
[0023] It is provided, in addition, that the framework structure of
the side wings and the cushion element can be formed as a separate
fin ray cushion element separable from the head restraint.
[0024] It is provided further that a sliding plane can be formed
between the framework structure and the cushion element, whereby
the sliding plane is arranged between a rear side of the cushion
element and a front side of the framework structure of the side
wings, in which the facing and adjacent areas of the back of the
cushion element and the front side of the framework structure form
a friction pair with a low friction coefficient.
[0025] In an embodiment of the invention, the foam part of the head
restraint can be formed by a middle foam part and each side wing by
an edge foam part and/or a corner foam part. In a preferred
embodiment variant, the middle foam part is made of a softer foam
and the edge foam part and/or the corner foam part of a harder
foam, compared with the middle foam part made of the softer foam.
In a further embodiment variant, the middle foam part can be made
of a softer viscoelastic foam and the edge foam part and/or the
corner foam part of a harder viscoelastic foam, compared with the
softer viscoelastic foam of middle foam part. The associated
advantageous effects are described in the description.
[0026] The support structure for receiving the framework structure
of the side wings can have a trough-shaped formation.
[0027] It is provided further that the deflectable cross struts,
lying between the flexurally elastic flanks, close to the
flexurally elastic flanks form hinge sites or joint sites, whose
elasticity is influenced in an advantageous manner by a performed
material weakening.
[0028] To increase comfort further, it is proposed in an embodiment
that the framework structure of the side wings in their starting
position takes on a "V shape," in which the side wings in the
bottom area emerge "dish-like" forward toward an occupant's head
from a plane in the normal installation position in the direction
of travel.
[0029] The framework structure of the side wings in a further
embodiment in their starting position forms a contact area for the
head in the "V shape," in that the side wings of the framework
structure in their starting position lie in a plane, but at least
in the bottom area of the side wings on the framework structure at
least one foam part is arranged, emerging "dish-like" forward
toward an occupant's head.
[0030] In an embodiment of the head restraint, the "dishing" is
provided in that at least one corner foam part is arranged on the
framework structure of each side wing, as a result of which in the
starting position of the head restraint, in which the side wings
lie in one plane, a dishing of the contact area of the head can be
effected.
[0031] Further, an embodiment of the framework structure has proven
advantageous in that, proceeding from an axially symmetric central
axis of the head restraint or the side wings, a distance and/or
length of the cross struts, oriented vertically between the
flexurally elastic flanks in the normal installation state of the
head restraint, decrease from inside to the outside.
[0032] It is proposed to improve the stability of the framework
structure that a bottom area of the framework structure of the side
wings is made reinforced and/or has stiffening.
[0033] In addition, according to an embodiment of the invention,
the side wings, formed as the framework structure, on the front
side of the framework structure in the area of the central axis can
have an opening, in which an absorbing element accessible from the
front side is arranged, which is a foam part, particularly in the
fashion of a "pressure mushroom," whereby in particular a
viscoelastic foam is used.
[0034] An advantageous effect, which is achieved by the use of the
viscoelastic foam, will be described in greater detail in the
following exemplary embodiment.
[0035] It is proposed, in addition, that the framework structure of
the side wings has reinforcing elements, which increase an
adjustment path of the side wings from the starting position to the
comfort position and back, which will also be discussed in greater
detail in the associated exemplary embodiment.
[0036] In an embodiment variant the head restraint can be arranged
pivotable on a head restraint pivot axis relative to a backrest,
whereby the position of the head restraint relative to the backrest
and thereby the position of the framework structure depending on
the backrest tilt can be adjusted further manually or automatically
to a more optimal position.
[0037] In another embodiment variant, the framework structure can
be arranged pivotable on a framework structure pivot axis relative
to the support element, whereby the position of the framework
structure relative to the support element and thereby relative to
the backrest depending on the backrest tilt can be adjusted further
manually or automatically to a more optimal position.
[0038] Further scope of applicability of the present invention will
become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter.
However, it should be understood that the detailed description and
specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the
invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various
changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the
invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from
this detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] The present invention will become more fully understood from
the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying
drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus, are
not limitive of the present invention, and wherein:
[0040] FIG. 1A is a schematic illustration of a deformation of a
triangular autoreactive framework structure under the action of a
force;
[0041] FIG. 1B is a schematic illustration of different variants of
triangular autoreactive framework structures;
[0042] FIG. 1C is an illustration of the deformation behavior of
the autoreactive framework structures shown schematically in FIG.
1B;
[0043] FIG. 2A is a schematic illustration of a deformation of a
rectangular autoreactive framework structure under the action of a
force;
[0044] FIG. 2B is a schematic illustration of different variants of
rectangular autoreactive framework structures;
[0045] FIG. 2C is an illustration of the deformation behavior of
the autoreactive framework structures shown schematically in FIG.
2B;
[0046] FIG. 3A is a schematic illustration of a deformation of an
autoreactive framework structure, combining various shapes, under
the action of a force;
[0047] FIG. 3B is a schematic illustration of different variants
with specifically formed and combined autoreactive framework
structures;
[0048] FIG. 3C is an illustration of the deformation behavior of
the autoreactive framework structures shown schematically in FIG.
3B;
[0049] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D are exemplary schematic
illustrations of a number of embodiments of a basic structure of a
head restraint;
[0050] FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C illustrate a slumber head restraint,
activatable independently by a force pulse by the head of a vehicle
seat user, with a basic structure having an autoreactive framework
structure;
[0051] FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C is a crash-active head restraint,
activatable by a force pulse by the head of a vehicle seat user,
with the basic structure having the autoreactive framework
structure;
[0052] FIG. 7A illustrates a section through the basic structure
through a head restraint according to the conventional art;
[0053] FIG. 7B illustrates a section through a head restraint with
an autoreactive framework structure;
[0054] FIGS. 8A, 8B are sectional views of a head restraint with an
autoreactive framework structure for clarifying a head box and a
sliding plane between the autoreactive framework structure and a
cushion element;
[0055] FIGS. 9A, 9B illustrate autoreactive framework structures as
side wings of the head restraint for clarifying a hinge-like
structure of the side wings;
[0056] FIG. 10A is a section through a head restraint in the area
of the framework structure(s), formed as side wings, for clarifying
a first and second approach for embodying a V position of the
contact area of the head restraint;
[0057] FIG. 10B is a perspective illustration of head restraints
with autoreactive framework structure(s) formed as side wings for
clarifying a third approach in two variants for embodying a V
position of the contact area of the head restraint;
[0058] FIG. 11 illustrates a section through a head restraint in
the area of autoreactive framework structure(s), formed as side
wings, for clarifying the optimal arrangement of the cross struts
within the autoreactive framework structure(s);
[0059] FIG. 12 illustrates a section through a head restraint in
the area of autoreactive framework structure(s), formed as side
wings, for clarifying a base-side stiffening of the autoreactive
framework structure(s);
[0060] FIGS. 13A and 13B are an illustration of the autoreactive
framework structure(s), formed as side wings, for clarifying the
structure of the head restraint with foam parts;
[0061] FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C are a section and illustrations of
the head restraint, which comprises side wings as the autoreactive
framework structure, for clarifying the effect on the functional
experience of the head restraint due to the use of viscoelastic
foam;
[0062] FIGS. 15A to 15E are perspective exterior views of the head
restraint with side wings formed as the autoreactive framework
structure in a first product design variant;
[0063] FIGS. 16A to 16D are perspective exterior views of the head
restraint with side wings formed as the autoreactive framework
structure in a second product design variant;
[0064] FIGS. 17A to 17D, FIGS. 18A to 18C, and FIGS. 19A to 19D
illustrate reinforcement structures for increasing the effect of
the adjustment movement of the side wings, formed as the
autoreactive framework structure, in several different design
options.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] The invention will be described below. For the purposes of
the present description, the conventional direction of travel of a
vehicle is designated with "+x" ("plus x"), and the direction
opposite to its conventional direction of travel with "-x" ("minus
x"); the direction in the horizontal line transverse to the
x-direction is designated with "y" and the direction in the
vertical line transverse to the x-direction with "z." This
terminology for the spatial directions in Cartesian coordinates
corresponds to the coordinate system generally used in the
automotive industry.
[0066] If an "autoreactive" structure is discussed below, then this
means a "reactive" framework structure, which by using bionic
approaches obeys the previously described fin ray principle and
automatically alters its form due to an acting force pulse.
[0067] Various Embodiments of Autoreactive Framework Structures 120
for Use in a Head Restraint 100 are Described Below:
[0068] FIG. 1A shows a schematic illustration of a deformation of a
triangular autoreactive framework structure 120 under the action of
a force F. In the first embodiment, autoreactive framework
structure 120, seen in section, is made triangular. Framework
structure 120 has a first flexurally elastic flank 121 and a second
flexurally elastic flank 122. Cross struts 123 are arranged
elastically movable via an elastic connector 124 between flexurally
elastic flanks 121, 122. Flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122 and
cross struts 123 may be made as planar, plate-like structures. In
the triangular embodiment, framework structure 120 at one end forms
a tip 128 and at the other end a bar 129 forming a base, formed by
a cross strut 123, which is arranged between the ends, diverging on
one side, of flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122.
[0069] FIG. 1B shows schematic sectional illustrations of different
variants of the first embodiment, whereby the variants differ in
the arrangement of cross struts 123 between flexurally elastic
flanks 121, 122. Depending on the number and orientation of cross
struts 123 between flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122, under the
action of a force F, which acts in a point-like or planar manner on
the first flexurally elastic flank 121 and exerts a force pulse on
framework structure 120, a deformation, different in each case, of
framework structure 120 is produced. The direction of the
deformation is opposite to the direction of the force pulse.
[0070] The deformation of triangular autoreactive framework
structure 120 can be seen in FIGS. 1A and 1C. In FIG. 1A, deformed
framework structure 120 is shown in section after force F has acted
in the x-direction on the first flexurally elastic flank 121. The
starting position and the design of framework structure 120, shown
in FIG. 1A, corresponds to the top figure according to FIG. 1B. The
deformation shown in FIG. 1A results when framework structure 120
is fixed immovably in the area of bar 129.
[0071] The behavior is different, as FIG. 1C shows, when not bar
129 but the second flexurally elastic flank 122 is fixed immovably
at least partially. The then occurring deformation behavior is
shown in the illustrations of FIG. 1C, whereby each of the
horizontal sequences of the illustrations of FIG. 1C is based on
the configuration, shown on the left in FIG. 1B, of framework
structure 120. It can be seen that the deformation behavior of
framework structures 120 changes. Depending on where the force F
acts on framework structure 120, a specific deformation behavior of
the particular framework structure 120 is produced.
[0072] FIG. 2A shows a schematic illustration of a deformation of a
rectangular, particularly square framework structure 120 under the
action of a force F. In the second embodiment, autoreactive
framework structure 120, seen in section, is made rectangular.
Framework structure 120 again has a first flexurally elastic flank
121 and a second flexurally elastic flank 122, between which cross
struts 123 are arranged elastically movable by means of elastic
connector 124. Flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122 in the second
embodiment as well can be made as planar, plate-like structures. In
the rectangular embodiment, framework structure 120 at both ends
forms a base-forming bar 129, which is formed in each case by a
cross strut 123. The particular cross strut 123 is arranged between
the ends, diverging on both sides, of flexurally elastic flanks
121, 122.
[0073] FIG. 2B shows schematic sectional illustrations of different
variants of the first embodiment, whereby the variants differ in
the orientation of cross struts 123 between flexurally elastic
flanks 121, 122. Depending on the number and orientation of cross
struts 123 between flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122, under the
action of a force F, which acts in a point-like or planar manner on
the first flexurally elastic flank 121 and exerts a force pulse on
framework structure 120, a deformation, different in each case, of
framework structure 120 is produced. The direction of the
deformation is opposite to the direction of the force pulse.
[0074] The deformation of rectangular autoreactive framework
structure 120 can be seen in FIGS. 2A and 2C. In FIG. 2A, deformed
framework structure 121 is shown in section after the force F has
acted in the x-direction on the first flexurally elastic flank 121.
The starting position and the design of framework structure 120,
shown in FIG. 2A, correspond to the top figure according to FIG.
2B. The deformation, shown in FIG. 2A, results when framework
structure 120 is fixed immovably in the area of bottom bar 129.
[0075] The behavior is different, as FIG. 2C shows, when not bar
129 but the second flexurally elastic flank 122 is fixed immovably
at least partially. The then occurring deformation behavior is
shown in the illustrations of FIG. 2C, whereby each of the
horizontal sequences of the illustrations is based on the
configuration of framework structure 120, as shown on the left in
FIG. 2B. It can be seen that the deformation behavior of framework
structures 120 changes. Depending on where the force F acts on
framework structure 120, a specific deformation behavior of the
particular framework structure 120 is produced.
[0076] FIG. 3A shows a schematic illustration of a deformation of a
multi-framework structure, comprising two triangular autoreactive
framework structures 120, under the action of a force F from the
x-direction. The multi-framework structure, made of two triangular
framework structures 120, is also called a double framework
structure or "double fin ray." The double framework structure, seen
in section, shows two triangular structures. The double framework
structure to form first triangular framework structure 120 has a
first flexurally elastic flank 121 and a second flexurally elastic
flank 122, which at the same time is the first flexurally elastic
flank 121 for the next triangular framework structure 120. This
first flexurally elastic flank 121 is opposite to a second
flexurally elastic flank 122 of the second triangular framework
structure 120. Each of the two triangular framework structures 120
has cross struts 123, which again may be made as planar, plate-like
structures. In this embodiment, the double framework structure at
both ends forms a base, which is characterized both by a bar 129
and by a tip 128, which is formed by both framework structures
120.
[0077] The deformation of an autoreactive double framework
structure can be seen in FIG. 3A. In FIG. 3A, the deformed double
framework structure is shown in section after the force F has acted
in the x-direction on the first flexurally elastic flank 121. The
deformation shown in FIG. 3A results when framework structure 120
is fixed immovably in the area of the bottom base comprising tip
128 and bar 129.
[0078] FIG. 3B shows other special schematic sectional
illustrations of further embodiments, whereby the three top
embodiments differ in the orientation of cross struts 123 between
flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122. These three top embodiments are
not double framework structures. A deformation, different in each
case, of framework structure 120 is produced depending on the
number and orientation of cross struts 123 between flexurally
elastic flanks 121, 122, under the action of a force F, which acts
in a point-like or planar manner on the first flexurally elastic
flank 121 and exerts a force pulse on framework structure 120. The
direction of the deformation is opposite to the direction of the
force pulse.
[0079] The particular feature of the embodiment of framework
structure 120, which is shown at the very top in FIG. 3B, is that
cross struts 123 are arranged obliquely between flexurally elastic
flanks 121, 122. A small part of framework structure 120 is even
formed without cross struts 123.
[0080] The particular feature of the embodiment below it of
framework structure 120 is that cross struts 123 form a <V>
in the central area of framework structure 120.
[0081] The special feature of the embodiment, again below it, of
framework structure 120, which is shown as the third from the top
in FIG. 3B, is that cross struts 123 form an upside down <V>
in the central area of framework structure 120.
[0082] FIG. 38 shows further schematic sectional illustrations of
other embodiments, whereby the two bottom embodiments of FIG. 3B
differ from the three top embodiments to the effect that these are
multi-framework structures. These are combined together with the
use of the same triangular shape. According to the invention, there
is the possibility of combining framework structures with different
shapes.
[0083] The embodiment, which is shown as the second from the bottom
in FIG. 3B, is a double framework structure, as was already shown
in FIG. 3A and described in relation to FIG. 3A. The difference
from the embodiment according to FIG. 3A is that the arrangement of
cross struts 123 has been totally omitted in one of the two
triangular framework structures 120.
[0084] Finally, the embodiment shown at the very bottom in FIG. 3B
is a triple framework structure. The triple structure, viewed in
section, shows three triangular framework structures. To form the
first triangular framework structure 120, the triple framework
structure has a first flexurally elastic flank 121 and a second
flexurally elastic flank 122, which faces a second flexurally
elastic flank 122 of the second triangular framework structure 120,
which in turn at the same time forms the first flexurally elastic
flank 121 of the third framework structure 120, which is closed via
a second flexurally elastic flank 122. Each of the three triangular
framework structures 120 has cross struts 123, which may be made as
planar, plate-like structures. At one end, the base of the triple
framework structure is formed by two bars 129 and a tip 128,
whereby the opposite end also forms a base comprising two tips 128
and one bar 129. It becomes clear that in this way multi-framework
structures can be formed in any desired number of individual
framework structures of different embodiments. Different forms of a
plurality of framework structures can be combined to form a
multi-framework structure.
[0085] The particular deformation behavior of framework structures
120, shown from top to bottom in the sectional illustrations of
FIG. 3B, is shown in the illustrations of FIG. 3C, whereby each of
the horizontal sequences of the illustrations forms the basis of
the configurations, shown on the left in each case in FIG. 3B and
previously described, of framework structure 120. The deformation
of the particular framework structure 120, as shown in the
illustrations of FIG. 3C, results when framework structure 120 is
fixed immovably at least partially with its second flexurally
elastic flank 122. It can also be seen here that the deformation
behavior of framework structures 120 changes. Depending on where
the force F acts on framework structure 120, a specific deformation
behavior of the particular framework structure 120 is produced.
[0086] Different design forms of basic structures 120 of a head
restraint 100 will be described below, which are formed with the
previously described embodiments of autoreactive framework
structures 120. These design forms are only exemplary. It is
understood that the previously described and also other manifoldly
formed embodiments and design variants and combinations thereof can
be used to form the embodiments of basic structures 120 of a head
restraint 100.
[0087] The Design Forms Described Below can have the Following in
Common:
[0088] When head K exerts a force pulse on the first flexurally
elastic flank 121 by a force F in the -x-direction, a compensating
autoreactive deformation of framework structure 120 is produced at
another point in the opposite direction in the +x-direction. The
force pulse can be transmitted in a point-like manner at a point of
impact P or moreover over the further course of the head movement
via an area of impact A to head restraint 100. The side areas of
framework structure 120 give way with the formation of a type of
side wings 101 substantially in the +x-direction, as is made clear
with the direction arrows shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D. Therefore, a
head restraint 100 can be brought from starting position I to a
slumber or crash position II by the force pulse (see FIGS. 5A to 5C
and FIGS. 6A to 6C), as a result of which a slumber head restraint
and/or a crash-active head restraint can be formed.
[0089] FIG. 4A shows a first design form. Head restraint 100 has a
support structure 110 as the basic structure. A framework structure
120 is attached to support structure 110, as is shown in FIG. 3B in
the third illustration from the top. Framework structure 120 has
the upside down <V> in the center. Viewed in the x-direction,
framework structure 120 is formed axially symmetric. In the
associated illustration sequence in FIG. 3C, the deformation
behavior of this framework structure 120 becomes clear. The second
flexurally elastic flank 122 is at least partially connected to
support structure 110, so that framework structure 120 is fixed
immovably to support structure 110. The first design form is
described in still greater detail below by means of FIGS. 5A to
5C.
[0090] FIG. 4B shows a second design form. Head restraint 100 again
has a support structure 110 as the basic structure. A double
framework structure 120 is attached to support structure 110, as
has been described and is shown in FIG. 3A. In contrast to FIG. 3A,
the second flexurally elastic flank 122 is fixed immovably to
support structure 110.
[0091] FIG. 4C shows a third design form. Head restraint 100 has a
support structure 110 as the basic structure. In the center of head
restraint 100 viewed in the x-direction, a cushion, particularly a
foam part 125, is arranged axially symmetric. Foam part 125 in each
case abuts the base of a framework structure 120 (on the left and
right viewed in the y-direction), which in each case is formed by
bar 129. Preferably, both framework structures 120 are connected
immovably via their second flexurally elastic flank 122 at least
partially to support structure 110. In this third design form,
triangular framework structures are used as framework structures
120, as they are illustrated in the top illustration according to
FIG. 1B. The particular feature of this third design form is that
the force pulse is transmitted via foam part 125 to triangular
framework structures 120. The advantage is that head K of the
person does not come into contact directly with framework
structures 120. In the case of a small force F and thus a small
force pulse, the transmission occurs via the back of head K
point-like or during the further course of the head movement via a
small area of impact A, so that the force transmission always
occurs via foam part 125 indirectly to framework structures 120.
This force transmission occurs when the person by the back of his
head adjusts head restraint 100 as a slumber head restraint. In the
case of a strong force F and thereby a large force pulse, the
transmission occurs via the back of head K over a large area of
impact A, so that the transmission occurs indirectly via foam part
125 and directly via framework structures 120, as a result of which
the adjustment process occurs faster. This type of force
transmission occurs when in the event of a crash the back of the
person's head suddenly strikes head restraint 100. This function
enables the development of a crash-active head restraint 100, in
which the secure holding of head K of the person in head restraint
100 is to be realized within a short time.
[0092] FIG. 4D shows a fourth design form. Head restraint 100 again
has support structure 110 as the basic structure. A framework
structure 120 is attached to support structure 110, as has already
been illustrated in FIG. 4C and has been shown and described in the
top illustration according to FIG. 1B. In contrast to FIG. 4C, no
foam part 125 is arranged but the two triangular framework
structures 120 are connected together via the first flexurally
elastic flank 121. In the middle of head restraint 100 viewed in
the x-direction, a free space is created axially symmetric, which
is formed between the particular base of framework structures 120
by the particular bar 129 of framework structures 120 and support
structure 110. An especially flexible double framework structure is
formed by this measure, because no cross struts 123 are arranged in
the central area of the framework structure. The reaction to a
force pulse occurs immediately, as in FIGS. 4A and 4B, as soon as
the back of the head strikes the first flexurally elastic flank 121
of framework structure 120 point-like or in the further course of
the head movement in a planar manner.
[0093] Slumber Head Restraint:
[0094] FIG. 5A shows a head restraint 100 on a backrest 200. For
example, a framework structure 120 is used, as is already shown in
FIG. 4A and described in relation to FIG. 4A. A front side 120V of
framework structure 120 is formed by the plate-like design of the
first flexurally elastic flank 121. A rear side 120R of framework
structure 120 is formed by the plate-like design of the second
flexurally elastic flank 122. Cross struts 123 are arranged
elastically movable, also as plate-like elements, between
plate-like flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122. Cross struts 123 run
in the z-direction and flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122 run in
the y-direction. Framework structure 120 is attached to a support
structure 110, which is not shown. A cover or internally lined
cover 127 can be arranged selectively around framework structure
120. There is also the possibility of providing framework structure
120 as an insert within a foam of a head restraint 120. In such a
case, the foam is then provided with a cover 127. In FIG. 5A with
the aid of the arrows, the reaction of framework structure 120 is
clarified, when a force F strikes framework structure 120 axially
symmetrically from the -x-direction.
[0095] In FIG. 5B, head K of a person is shown, whereby head
restraint 100, provided with a cover 127, is in the starting
position I. During striking of a force F, the deformation occurs
according to the schematic sectional drawings shown on the left in
FIG. 5B, to a slumber position II.
[0096] FIG. 5C shows the result. Head K of the person is surrounded
by the front side 120V of framework structure 120. Head restraint
100 forms the back and side contact surfaces 126 against which head
K comes to rest, so that head K is securely received by head
restraint 100 and held in a slumber position. The left illustration
of FIG. 5C shows once again the deformed framework structure 120 in
slumber position II within a cover 127 but without support
structure 110.
[0097] Crash-Active Head Restraint:
[0098] The top and bottom illustrations of FIGS. 6A to 6C show as a
set a position of the upper body and with the aid of measuring
point 130 the position of head K of a person, sitting upright on a
vehicle seat, whereby before a crash the person is still in an
upright normal position in the illustrations according to FIG.
6A.
[0099] According to FIG. 6B, in a crash the person is moved in the
-x-direction. The back of head K strikes point-like via point of
impact P the front side of head restraint 100 and thereby front
side 120V of framework structure 120, which is not shown in greater
detail in the figures. In a crash, the transmission of the force F
has the result that in the further course of the head movement a
large area of impact A forms within a short time between the back
of head K and front side 120V of framework structure 120; as a
result, the reaction of the deformation of framework structure 120
occurs faster in the opposite +x-direction.
[0100] FIG. 6C shows the mode of action, whereby it becomes clear
from the illustrations that head K is received by side wings 101,
forming to the sides, viewed in the y-direction, of head restraint
100. Side wings 101 in crash position II are substantially oriented
in the x-direction. FIG. 6C makes it clear by means of the bottom
one of the two illustrations that side wings 101 react differently
when head K does not strike head restraint 100 axially symmetric in
the -x-direction. If head K comes to lie more to the side in the
y-direction, side wing 101 will deform on this side accordingly
more greatly in the +x-direction, so that side contact surface 126
forms more rapidly, on the one hand, and is pivoted more greatly in
the +x-direction, on the other, than side wing 101 forming on the
opposite side.
[0101] This function of the formation of a contact surface 126,
formed more greatly on one side, in the event of a force pulse
acting asymmetrically relative to the x-direction on front side
120V of head restraint 120 also applies to the slumber head
restraint previously described in FIGS. 5A to 5C. An asymmetrically
oriented, lateral stressing by the back of the head of the slumber
head restraint has the result that side wings 101 of head restraint
100 on the stressed side are pivoted more greatly in the
+x-direction than to the opposite side.
[0102] The described possible head restraints 100 in an
advantageous manner therefore have safety and comfort functions in
the design as crash-active head restraints or slumber head
restraints.
[0103] A lower technical effort is needed for the described head
restraints 100, because no actuators such as, for example,
mechanical or pneumatic or electrical controls, are necessary. In
comparison with other actuator systems for head restraint
adjustment, an automatic reaction without additional actuators
occurs in these autoreactive head restraints. The autoreactive head
restraints are simple in structure, inexpensive, and particularly
very light, so that in a further advantageous manner the result is
a weight reduction of head restraint 100.
[0104] Due to the safety function a gain in safety is possible with
a low technical effort, whereby in an advantageous manner an
automatic and load-dependent autoreactive adjustment of the head
restraint contour occurs, which proceeds from the person and is
transmitted via head K to head restraint K 100 and which can be
used advantageously to avoid the whiplash effect of a person's head
K.
[0105] Finally, it is pointed out that a head restraint 100 with an
autoreactive framework structure 120 can be arranged not only as a
single head restraint via support rods 400 on a backrest 200, but
that head restraint 100 can also be integrated into the structure
of a backrest 200. In this respect, then a backrest 200 with a head
restraint 100 with an autoreactive framework structure 120 results,
whereby backrest 200 itself can be formed with an autoreactive
framework structure.
[0106] Other innovative details on the development of head
restraints 100 with an autoreactive framework structure are
described in the following figures. These details supplement the
previously described basic principle.
[0107] Autoreactive Actuation of the Head Restraint:
[0108] FIG. 7A shows in a section in the x/y plane a conventional
head restraint 100 with side wings 101, which are attached movably
to a support element 110A of a support structure 110. The
possibility, provided as a comfort function, of adjusting side
wings 101, in which side wings 101 starting from a starting
position to a comfort position are brought closer to the occupant's
head K, occurs in a manner known per se manually or by means of
drives, which are generally accommodated in the available
installation space of head restraint 100.
[0109] Through the use of autoreactive framework structures 120,
which are employed as side wings 101 of head restraint 100 in FIG.
7B and utilize the fin ray principle, the necessity of having to
operate side wings 101 manually or by means of drives no longer
applies in an advantageous manner. This advantage is clarified in a
further section, also lying within the x/y plane, from FIG. 7B.
[0110] In FIG. 7B, an autoreactive framework structure 120 as side
wings 101 is shown in the top area of head restraint 100; at its
bottom area 122A, the structure is also arranged on a support
element 110A of the support structure, whereby side wings 101 are
in the starting position and therefore have not yet adopted the
comfort position. In the bottom area of head restraint 100 of FIG.
7B, framework structure 120 is shown as side wings 101 by way of
comparison in the comfort positions.
[0111] Side wing 101 according to the shown arrow is moved closer
to the side area of a head K not shown in greater detail. This
comfort position is brought about with utilization of the fin ray
principle, when during movement of head K in the -x-direction a
rear side of head K strikes the area of impact A with the force
F.
[0112] An autoreactive actuation of side wings 101 of head
restraint 100 results. In other words, a head-weight-activated
autonomous raising of side wings 101 occurs in terms of a movement
of side wings 101 from the starting position opposite to the
direction of force, acting in the -x-direction, into the comfort
positions in the +x-direction.
[0113] If the force F has not yet acted or no longer acts on
autoreactive framework structure 120, side wings 101 are unstressed
and are still in the starting position or again adopt the starting
position independently when they are again unstressed.
[0114] In an advantageous manner, an automatic adjustment of side
wings 101 to the comfort positions and an automatic return to the
starting position result. Depending on how great the force F is
that acts on side wings 101, an optimized, independent contour
adjustment of side wings 101 to the back of the head or the side
areas of the occupant's head K occurs.
[0115] A comparison between FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B makes it clear that
the use of cables, wires, drives such as engines and pumps and
friction hinges and control devices can be omitted. In FIG. 7B,
such structural elements are no longer present and advantageously
are no longer needed to adjust side wings 101 of head restraint
100.
[0116] Design of a Sliding Plane and Formation of a Head Box:
[0117] FIGS. 8A and 8B show in further sections in the x/y plane
head restraint 100 with support structure 110. Whereas support
structure 110 in FIG. 8A is provided with a cover 127, support
structure 110 in FIG. 8B is shown only schematically. Cover 127 in
a preferred embodiment is lined on its inner side with foam. In
this type of embodiment, support structure 110 is a so-called head
box 111, which is formed like a box and which at least on its outer
side is padded at least partially with the foam and is provided
with cover 127; this will be addressed further below in greater
detail. Details on the embodiment of the head box will be discussed
in connection with FIGS. 15A to 15E and 16A to 16D.
[0118] Autoreactive framework structure 120, which forms side wings
101, is attached to head box 111. A cover 127 is also arranged on
the front side 120V of head restraint 100. It is proposed that said
cover 127 on its side facing autoreactive framework structure 120
also has a foam lining, so that a contact area 126 of head K forms
on the head-side cushion element 131, which is arranged above
autoreactive framework structure 120 formed as side wings. Said
cushion element 131 can be formed independent of the padding of the
previously described head box 111.
[0119] To keep the friction as low as possible between cushion
element 131, which, different from what is shown, is placed around
side wings 101 to head box 111, it is proposed to make provisions
between cushion element 131 below autoreactive framework structure
120 in a sliding plane 140 extending in the z-direction to keep the
friction coefficient between the inner side of cushion element 131
and the front side of autoreactive framework structure 120 as small
as possible.
[0120] In a first embodiment variant, it is proposed that an
additional structural element in the nature of a friction-reducing
film, particularly a PE film, be arranged between cushion element
131 below autoreactive framework structure 120.
[0121] In a second embodiment variant, a friction-reducing coating
is proposed.
[0122] In a third embodiment variant, it is proposed to provide at
least one of the surfaces that face one another of autoreactive
framework structure 120 or of cushion element 131 with a wetting
agent, whereby a release wax is proposed in particular.
[0123] It is essential in order to impede as little as possible the
function, i.e., the relative movement of cushion element 131
towards autoreactive framework structure 120, that the facing
adjacent surfaces of cushion element 131 and framework structure
120 form a friction pair.
[0124] FIGS. 8A and 8B each show further an opening 160 in
autoreactive framework structure 120 in the manner of a gap running
in the z-direction between side wings 101. The gap is arranged
axially symmetric when viewed in the x-direction. Opening 160, the
gap, forms the access to an absorbing element 150, which will be
discussed further in greater detail.
[0125] In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B,
autoreactive framework structure 120 according to the illustrated
section is formed trough-shaped in the x/y plane.
[0126] Absorbing element 150 is arranged on the bottom of the
trough, whereas the rising side areas of the trough form the back
of side wings 101. Autoreactive framework structure 120 therefore
on its side facing head box 111 has a formation 111C, which is
formed as a trough-shaped contour.
[0127] It turned out that the effectiveness of the autoreactive
function of framework structure 120 during adjustment of side wings
101 from the starting position to the comfort position and back is
supported when box section 111 has an analogous formation 111C on
its side facing framework structure 120. According to the exemplary
embodiment, head box 111 therefore also has a trough-like
contour.
[0128] Hinge Structure of the Framework Structure:
[0129] FIGS. 9A and 9B clarify in an overview a preferred
hinge-like structure of autoreactive framework structure 120. As
has been described in the description of the basic principle,
elastic connector 124, in the manner of elastic cross struts 123,
are arranged movably between flexurally elastic flanks 121,
122.
[0130] FIG. 9A shows a side wing 101 of head restraint 100, whereby
one of the hinge-like connections according to the detail in FIG.
9A is shown enlarged in the right illustration of FIG. 9B.
[0131] Flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122 are also called straps
and the cross struts 123 are also called cross ribs.
[0132] Joints or hinges, made as single or multiple parts, are
formed as connector 124 between straps 121, 122 and cross ribs
123.
[0133] A one-part design makes possible in an advantageous manner
the production of the autoreactive framework structure in one work
step from one and the same material.
[0134] A two-part construction makes possible in an advantageous
manner the production of the autoreactive framework structure 120
from different materials in a number of work steps.
[0135] The embodiment of the hinge or joint in a first preferred
embodiment can occur in such a way that the hinge site or the joint
site, for example, between strap 121 and cross rib 123 occurs
through inwardly directed projections 123A on both sides in cross
rib 123, by which the elasticity of the hinge site or the joint
site can be influenced.
[0136] The left illustration in FIG. 9B shows a first preferred
embodiment with the inwardly directed projections 123A on both
sides, which cause material weakening on both sides, so that
according to the two arrows arranged in the opposite direction it
becomes clear that movement of cross rib 123 relative to strap 121
is promoted in both directions of movement.
[0137] The right illustration in FIG. 9B shows a second preferred
embodiment with only one inwardly directed projection 123A on one
side according to FIG. 9A. In the case of this one-sided projection
123A, according to the arrow arranged in only one direction, it
becomes clear that because of the one-sided material weakening of
cross rib 123 at the hinge site or the joint site only one
direction of movement is influenced by the material weakening of
cross rib 123.
[0138] This second preferred embodiment is advantageous insofar as
during movement of side wings 101 from the starting position to the
comfort position the resistance at the site of material weakening
of cross rib 123 at the connection site to strap 121 is
minimal.
[0139] Cross rib 123 or cross ribs 123 therefore can be easily
shifted and without great resistance within strap 121, 122, so that
the adjustment from the starting position to the comfort position
already occurs at only low force application F.
[0140] Another advantage of the one-sided projection 123A further
is that the material thickness of cross rib 123 can be fully
utilized to provide the material weakening on the side of cross rib
123 on which buckling of cross rib 123 relative to strap 121 occurs
if side wing 101 is adjusted from its starting position to its
comfort position.
[0141] On the other hand, the resetting of side wings 101 from the
comfort position to the starting position is supported, because the
opposite area in the one-sided projection 123A is not weakened in
terms of material, because cross rib 123 is tensioned relative to
strap 121 during movement from the starting position to the comfort
position. During the resetting, cross rib 123 pushes back to it
starting position, as a result of which the resetting of side wing
101 is supported by the pretensioning arising in the particular
cross rib 123 during movement from the starting position to the
comfort position.
[0142] As FIG. 9A makes clear, in the case of a one-sided
projection 123A it is proposed to arrange the opposing connecting
sites of a cross rib 123 alternately.
[0143] At the connecting sites, projection 123A between flexurally
elastic flank 121 (strap) and cross strut 123 (cross rib) is made
on the right side and at the opposite connecting site, projection
123A between flexurally elastic flank 122 (strap) and cross strut
123 (cross rib) is made on the left. By this alternating
arrangement of the projections, the buckling movement of
autoreactive framework structure 120 of side wing 101 is promoted
from the starting position to the comfort position and back.
[0144] Embodiment of a V Shape of the Contact Area of the Head
Restraint:
[0145] It turned out that a slight V shape of side wings 101 is
perceived as pleasant in terms of comfort. This type of V shape is
also called "dishing" of the contact area.
[0146] Within the V shape, in addition greater "dishing" of side
wings 101 in the bottom area of head restraint 100 relative to the
top area of head restraint 100 is perceived as pleasant. In other
words, in the top area of head restraint 100, according to FIGS.
10A and 10B, side wings 101 lie substantially in a z/y plane,
whereas side wings 101 in the bottom area of head restraint 100
emerge dish-like from the z/y plane forward toward an occupant's
head K.
[0147] To form the desired "dishing" of contact area 126 of head
restraint 100, a first approach is proposed which is based on the
fact that autoreactive framework structure 120 is formed
geometrically in such a way that said "dishing" arises within a
one-part structural element. It is proposed to vary the material
thickness of framework structure 120 or to vary the design and
number of cross ribs 123 and straps 121, 122 optionally having
different material thicknesses, so that "dishing" is caused by the
different material thicknesses.
[0148] This first approach basically also includes the solution
illustrated in FIG. 10A. Pads, particularly foam pads, which can be
a hard foam, are arranged in the bottom area of framework structure
120.
[0149] These pads can be formed as a corner foam part 125A and
attached, particularly glued, to autoreactive framework structure
120. By arrangement in the bottom corners of the contact area of
head restraint 100, viewed to the left and right in the
y-direction, the bottom corner areas are raised compared with
contact area 126 lying in starting position I substantially in the
z/y plane. The corner foam parts 125A can be arranged on one-part
framework structures 120 or a multiple-part framework structure
120, as will be explained below.
[0150] In a second more costly approach, it is proposed, according
to FIG. 10A, to arrange among one another a plurality of
autoreactive framework structures 120 with different geometric
shapes, viewed in the z-direction and adapted to the imaginary line
of the outer contour of head restraint 100. Thus, a first framework
structure 120 can be arranged in the top area of head restraint
100, which lies in the z/y plane, whereas the second framework
structure 120 underneath is slightly "pre-dished" in the middle
area of head restraint 100 and a third framework structure 120 in
the bottom area of head restraint 100 is "pre-dished" most greatly
geometrically in the +x-direction. It is understood that more than
three or also less than three framework structures 120 can be used
to form the dished V shape of contact area 126 of head restraint
100.
[0151] The second approach can be combined with the first approach,
as is shown in FIG. 10A. A framework structure 120 formed from a
plurality of autoreactive framework structures is provided on both
sides with corner foam parts 125A in the area of the bottom
framework structure, so that contact area 126 of head restraint 100
is already "pre-dished" in starting position I in the +x-direction.
Moreover, third framework structure 120 in the bottom area of head
restraint 100 in starting position I of the framework structure in
addition could be "pre-dished" most greatly geometrically in the
+x-direction, so that the approach can be used in combination.
[0152] A third approach is proposed, which is shown in FIG. 10B in
a left and a right illustration. The "dishing" here is not produced
by the geometric properties of autoreactive framework structures
120 or by arrangement of corner foam parts 125A, but the upper
outer corners of cushion element 131 in a first variant
approximately in the area of the upper end of contact area 126 of
head restraint 100 are given a fixation 170 (left illustration in
FIG. 10B) on head box 111.
[0153] In a second variant of the third approach, no fixation 170
is provided, but cushion element 131 is guided around above head
box 111. This flanging 180 (right illustration in FIG. 10B) also
has the effect that the top outer corners of cushion element 131
are fixed to head box 111.
[0154] In a third variant of the third approach, it is proposed to
combine fixation 170 and flanging 180 of cushion element 131.
[0155] It is understood that the variants of the third approach for
creating the "dishing" can also be carried out in combination with
the first or second approach, as FIG. 10B makes clear by the
reference characters in the left and right illustration.
[0156] By fixation 170 (left illustration in FIG. 10B) or flanging
180 (right illustration in FIG. 10B), the one- or multipart
autoreactive framework structure 120 is kept in the z/y plane by
cushion element 131 in the top area, whereas the middle and bottom
area relative to head box 111 is formed in the pre-dished position
in starting position I and thereby already forms a dished contour
in starting position I.
[0157] For pre-dishing, the geometry of autoreactive framework
structure 120 is predetermined and/or the use of the corner foam
parts 125A in the bottom corner area of autoreactive framework
structure 120 of side wings 101 is proposed. Corner foam parts 125A
are indicated in FIGS. 10A and 10B with the reference character
125A. They are located behind cushion element 131 on autoreactive
framework structure 120.
[0158] Coordination of the Length and the Distances of the Cross
Struts (Cross Ribs):
[0159] It has turned out further that by coordinating the distance
230 between cross ribs 123 and by selecting the length 240 of cross
ribs 123 between straps 121, 122 an advantageous effect is produced
which is clarified with the use of FIG. 11.
[0160] In FIG. 11, an autoreactive framework structure 120 is shown
again in a schematic section in the x/y plane, whereby the left
part of framework structure 120 is shown in a starting position and
the right part of framework structure 120 for comparison and to
clarify the effect is shown in a comfort position.
[0161] In the starting position (on left), it is shown that length
240 of cross ribs 123 proceeding from an axially symmetric central
axis x1 decreases from inside to outside. Moreover, proceeding from
the axially symmetric central axis x1, distance 230 between cross
ribs 123 becomes increasingly smaller from inside to outside.
[0162] As becomes clear in the shown comfort position (on right),
cross struts 123 in a middle area 210 during the action of the
adjusting force F in the -x-direction are compressed; in other
words, cross ribs 123 lie substantially parallel to straps 121,
122.
[0163] The advantage is the maximum structure utilization of
framework structure 120; in other words, the available space is
optimally utilized, because due to the fact that cross ribs 123 in
middle area 210 are compressed, a large optimized adjustment path
250 in the -x-direction is achieved.
[0164] In addition, pressure spikes are prevented particularly in
middle area 210.
[0165] Owing to the smaller distance 230 and the smaller length 240
in outer area 220 of autoreactive framework structure 120, side
wings 101 are optimally stiffened, so that when a force F acts from
the y-direction on side wing 101, side wing 101 provides optimal
improved lateral support.
[0166] A further advantageous design feature is made clear in FIG.
12. Flexurally elastic flank 122 formed on back 120R of framework
structure 120 has a material-reinforced bottom area 122A. The
reinforcement of the material of bottom area 122A helps the
stability of the framework structure as a whole.
[0167] In order to increase the stability of back 120R still
further, the reinforced area is provided in addition with
stiffening 260. Stiffening 260 comprises bottom area 122A and in
the exemplary embodiment is continued in the direction of the ends
of side wings 101 beyond first cross ribs 123.
[0168] It is advantageously achieved by stiffening 260 that
framework structure 120 is not "pre-dished" unintentionally by a
tension of cover 127. A tautly arranged cover 127 otherwise leads
to an unintentional adjustment movement of side wings 101 forward
in the direction of the occupant's head. Such an unintentional
adjustment movement is advantageously counteracted by stiffening
260.
[0169] FIG. 13A shows an embodiment variant for the formation of
head restraint 100. As described, contact area 126 of head K is
formed by cushion element 131 which is provided with a cover and
sits on autoreactive framework structure 120 preferably separated
by sliding plane 140 (see FIG. 8A).
[0170] Front side 120V of head restraint 100 of autoreactive
framework structure 120 (without cushion element 131) is shown in
FIG. 13A in the perspective view laterally and obliquely from
above, whereby a corner foam part 125A is arranged and attached,
particularly glued to autoreactive framework structure 120, in the
left bottom corner area of autoreactive framework structure 120 of
head restraint 100.
[0171] FIG. 13A supplements the illustration of FIG. 10A, whereby
in FIG. 13A autoreactive basic structure 120 is formed and shown as
a one-part framework structure 120. Unlike FIG. 13A, FIG. 10A shows
a multi-part autoreactive framework structure 120 with preferably
glued-on corner foam parts 125A.
[0172] The use of corner foam parts 125A in the bottom area side
wings 101 helps the comfortable design of head restraint 100 with
raised corner areas, as a result of which contact area 126 of head
restraint 100 is changed, because the contact area now forms a
so-called cushioned collar, similar to a neck pillow.
[0173] In FIG. 13A, in analogy to FIG. 10A, sliding plane 140 is
formed on autoreactive framework structure 120 and corner foam
parts 125A. The one-part cushion element 131 is therefore placed on
the one-part framework structure (FIG. 13A) or the multi-part
autoreactive framework structure 120 (FIG. 10A) and corner foam
parts 125A, whereby cushion element 131 by means of corner foam
parts 125A forms the desired cushioned collar. Cushion element 131
is movable relative to autoreactive framework structure 120 and
corner foam parts 125A via sliding plane 140, when side wings 101
move.
[0174] In FIG. 13A, cushion element 131, as already shown in FIG.
8A, lies in a plane, when viewed in the x-direction, in front of
autoreactive framework structure 120 with the difference that
cushion element 131 now slightly projects from the z/y plane,
therefore slightly raised, by corner foam parts 125A in the bottom
corners.
[0175] In FIG. 13B in a perspective top view, from the front, of
front side 120V of head restraint 100, a cushion element 131 is
also presented, which as already shown in FIG. 8A is arranged in a
plane, viewed in the x-direction, in front of autoreactive
framework structure 120. Cushion element 131 is shown perspectively
in FIG. 13B and as a section through head restraint 100 in FIG. 8A
and in the following FIG. 14A.
[0176] FIG. 13B clarifies an embodiment variant in which cushion
element 131 comprises a plurality of foam parts 125C and 125B or
125V and 125A.
[0177] In the shown design form, foam parts 125C, 125B or 125C,
125A lie on autoreactive framework structure 120. Sliding plane 140
lies between autoreactive framework structure 120 and multi-part
cushion element 131.
[0178] Cushion element 131 is formed as a cut foam part comprising
a number of foam parts. Foam parts 125C, 125B or 125C, 125A are
glued together in the plane (according to FIG. 13B in the z/y
plane) and are held together by a cover not shown in greater detail
in FIG. 13B, whereby the cover surrounds preferably at the same
time autoreactive framework structure 120.
[0179] In the shown exemplary embodiment, cushion element 131 is
formed as central middle foam part 125C, which is surrounded by
edge foam parts 125B, which in each case form the lateral edge and
the bottom corners of cushion element 131.
[0180] Optionally (not shown) a central middle foam part 125C is
provided together with corner foam parts 125A arranged on both
sides, so that the middle foam part 125C is taken to the edge and
is supplemented by corner foam parts 125A only in the bottom
corners.
[0181] In starting position I, the middle foam part 125C and edge
foam parts 125B lie in the same z/y plane or the edge foam parts
125B slightly project, --raised--, from the z/y plane.
[0182] In the optional arrangement of corner foam parts 125A, the
bottom corners also lie in the z/y plane or are formed, raised,
similar to edge foam parts 125B and even in the starting position I
of framework structure 120 emerge from the z/y plane.
[0183] As a result, a contact area 126 of head restraint 100 is
already formed in starting position I; in said contact area the
edge regions and the bottom corners or only the bottom corners
project slightly. This effect is retained during movement of side
wings 101 of head restraint 100 from starting position I to the
adjusted slumber or crash position II.
[0184] This comfortable design with raised areas is popular among
users. In this type of design, head restraint 100 as already
mentioned is called a "neck pillow" head restraint. Edge foam parts
125B or corner foam parts 125A at the edge and/or the bottom
corners form the cushioned collar, similar to the neck pillow.
[0185] It is provided in addition to make middle foam part 125C
from a soft foam and edge foam parts 125B or corner foam parts 125A
from a harder foam. The effect is that the softer foam easily
conforms to the head shape of the back of head K, whereby the
harder inflexible foam assures the lateral support of head K, and
improves the experienced comfort and enables a fold-minimized cover
structure at the edge and/or corner area of cushion element
131.
[0186] In addition, a softer and harder viscoelastic foam is used
as the foam. Middle foam part 125C is formed of a soft viscoelastic
foam and edge foam parts 125B or corner foam parts 125A are formed
of a harder viscoelastic foam. Viscoelastic foam reacts
advantageously still better than non-viscoelastic foam to the
individual head shape and conforms perfectly to the head shape in
an advantageous manner. The viscoelastic foam provides a
demonstrable high pressure relief, both at a low and high weight
load. The soft and hard viscoelastic foam reacts optimally during
normal use or in a crash and distributes the pressure within
cushion element 131 depending on the acting force with prevention
of pressure points.
[0187] FIGS. 14A to 14C illustrate a design variant which
influences the functional experience of the user of head restraint
100 of a vehicle seat in an advantageous manner. FIG. 14A
corresponds to FIG. 8A. Absorbing element 150 was already presented
in the description to FIG. 8A.
[0188] In order to make the adjustment movement of side wings 101
as uniform as possible, it is proposed to form the foam arranged on
or bonded to the inner side of cover 127 of cushion elements 131 as
a viscoelastic foam.
[0189] The foam can be bonded to the back of cover 127 or sewn onto
the back of cover 127. The foam can also lie loosely below cover
127 on framework structure 120.
[0190] The use of a viscoelastic foam offers the advantage that the
viscoelastic foam produces a high resistance in the case of a rapid
and large action of force F on the head restraint in the
-x-direction. In contrast, in the case of a slow and small action
of force F, the viscoelastic foam is barely perceptible. The
viscoelastic foam then creates only a small resistance.
[0191] In the adjustment movement of side wings 101 of autoreactive
framework structure 120 from the starting position to the comfort
position, an equalization of the adjustment movement results in
principle due to the viscoelastic foam. The comfort position does
not occur abruptly upon impact of the force F, because the
viscoelastic foam depending on the acting force F equalizes the
adjustment movement.
[0192] During movement of the occupant's head K in the direction of
head restraint 100, the back of head K forms a contact area 126 on
head restraint 100. A point of impact P and an area of impact A
were already defined in the description of the basic principle. At
least the one already mentioned absorbing element 150 is arranged
in this area.
[0193] In the exemplary embodiment, three absorbing elements 150
are arranged which are also formed as a so-called "pressure
mushroom." Said absorbing elements 150 are also formed of foam,
whereby it is also proposed in an advantageous manner to use a
viscoelastic foam, as a result of which the previously described
advantages take effect also in the area of impact A or the point of
impact P of head K on head restraint 100. FIGS. 14A to 14C each
show absorbing elements 150, which are arranged in framework
structure 120. Framework structure 120 in the front area forms a
gap 160, via which absorbing elements 150 are accessible, so that
in addition to the absorbing properties of cushion element 131, the
back of head K strikes absorbing elements 150 that exhibit a
further absorbing effect.
[0194] A pleasant absorbing action arises when head K strikes the
head restraint. The accessibility of head K to absorbing elements
150 is assured by the already described opening, in particularly
gap 160, provided in the framework structure.
[0195] FIGS. 15A to 15E show in different views a head restraint
100 in a first product design variant. FIG. 15A shows a front view,
whereas FIG. 15B shows a bottom view of head restraint 100. FIGS.
15C to 15E show side views, whereby the particular front side is
provided with the reference character 120V. Head restraint 100
comprises a head box 111, which is support structure 110 for
framework structure 120 or in whose hollow space a support
structure 110 is formed. Head box 111 serves simultaneously to
attach support rods 400 of head restraint 100.
[0196] Head box 111 has a base part 111A and an intermediate part
111B. In the shown embodiment, base part 111A is a plastic part,
which is not provided with a cover. Intermediate part 111B is a
foam part, which is provided with a second cover part 127B or it is
also designed as a solid head box, which is provided only with a
cover 127B or with foam bonded to the inner side of cover 127B.
Intermediate part 111B lies in part within base part 111A and is
connected in a suitable manner to base part 111A.
[0197] Autoreactive framework structure 120 with adjustable side
wings 101 is arranged on front side 120A of head restraint 100.
Cushion element 131, which has already been described in detail, is
arranged on autoreactive framework structure 120.
[0198] Framework structure 120 and cushion element 131 in the
preferred embodiment according to the left illustration of FIG. 10B
form a separate "fin ray cushion element" 120, 131, which is
provided with a first cover part 127A. The separate embodiment of
"fin ray cushion element" 120, 131 makes it possible that "fin ray
cushion element" 120, 131 can be formed to be optionally removable.
The described fixation 170 to head restraint 100 is designed
detachable to assure removal. "Fin ray cushion element" 120, 131
can be separated from head box 111 in this design of intermediate
part 111B and be used as a head pillow. A corresponding mounting
for attaching or removing "fin ray cushion element" 120, 131 is
provided in head box 111 either on intermediate part 111B and/or on
base part 111A.
[0199] FIGS. 16A to 16D show in different views a head restraint
100 in a second product design variant. FIG. 16A shows a front
view, whereas FIG. 16B shows a bottom view of head restraint 100.
FIG. 16C shows a back view and FIG. 16D a side view, whereby the
particular front side is provided with the reference character
120V.
[0200] Head restraint 100 also comprises a head box 111, which
represents support structure 110 for framework structure 120. Head
box 111 serves simultaneously to attach support rods 400 of head
restraint 100. Head box 111 also has a base part 111A (without
cover) and an intermediate part 111B with a second cover part 127B.
Intermediate part 111B in this embodiment variant as well lies
partially within base part 111A and is connected to base part 111A
in a suitable way.
[0201] The difference to the first product design variant is that
cushion element 120, 131 with first cover part 127A analogous to
the right illustration according to FIG. 10B is placed around the
top part of intermediate part 111B of head box 111. This cushion
element 120, 131 guided over intermediate part 111B and placed on
intermediate part 111B can optionally also be designed to be
removable and to be used as a head pillow.
[0202] Exemplary solutions are presented in FIGS. 17, 18, and 19
for increasing the adjustment path of side wings 101 from the
starting position to the comfort position.
[0203] Side wings 101 of framework structures 120 are shown
schematically in FIGS. 17, 18, and 19.
[0204] A first embodiment option, which will be clarified with the
two top illustrations in FIG. 17, comprises integrating in bottom
area 122A a reinforcement structure 300 in the fashion of a diamond
structure 310 into framework structure 120. Upon action of a force
F in the -x-direction, diamond structure 310, according to the
second illustration from the top, gives way laterally and side
wings 101 arranged on diamond structure 310 are set more greatly
into the comfort position compared with the previously described
framework structures 120.
[0205] A second embodiment option according to FIG. 17, third
illustration from the top, comprises forming reinforcement
structure 300 in a variation of several diamond structures 110.
[0206] A third embodiment option comprises forming reinforcement
structure 300 as a hexahedral structure 320, whereby the same
previously described effect can be achieved with the aid of
hexahedral structure 320.
[0207] FIG. 18 shows further embodiment options for increasing the
adjustment path of side wings 101 into the comfort position. A
reinforcement structure 300, again arranged in bottom area 122A,
according to the top illustration of FIG. 18, is formed with
pre-bent bars 330. In the case of an action of force F in the
-x-direction, according to the middle illustration of FIG. 18, in
this fourth embodiment option, first pre-bent bars 330 rise up, as
a result of which side wings 101 of framework structure 120 are
then raised more greatly than without such a reinforcement
structure 300 with a pre-bent bar 330 or pre-bent bars 330.
[0208] A fifth embodiment option is clarified by the bottom
illustration of FIG. 18. In this case, cross struts 123 (cross
ribs) between flexurally elastic flanks 121, 122 (straps) are
pre-bent. In the case of the action of force F in the -x-direction,
first cross struts 123 release their pretension force and, as
described in relation to FIG. 11, lie against flexurally elastic
flanks 121, 122, whereupon cross struts 123 that were not pre-bent
also carry out the autoreactive adjustment movement of framework
structure 120 into the comfort position, whereby the adjustment
path is increased compared with a realization without pre-bent
cross struts 123.
[0209] A sixth embodiment option is clarified by the top figures of
FIG. 19. The sixth embodiment option comprises arranging as
reinforcement structure 300 a four-link structure 350 in bottom
area 122A of the framework structure. In this sixth embodiment
option, the advantageous effect also results that with force action
F in the -x-direction the obtuse angle of side wing 101 penetrates
four-link structure 350, as a result of which side wing(s) 101
is/are placed overall more greatly into the comfort position.
[0210] A seventh embodiment option is shown in the third
illustration from the top in FIG. 19. Reinforcement structure 300
in this embodiment option is formed of two four-link structures
350.
[0211] Finally, in the bottom illustration of FIG. 19, a
reinforcement structure 300 is proposed, which is a combination of
a diamond structure 310 and a four-link structure. In the bottom
illustration of FIG. 19, it becomes clear that during the action of
a force Fin the -x-direction penetration of diamond structure 310
into four-link structure 350 occurs, whereby diamond structure 310,
as described for FIG. 17, gives way laterally and simultaneously
penetrates four-link structure 350, as a result of which the
advantageous effect of the increase in the adjustment path is
caused by overlaying of the described actions, effected by means of
diamond structure 310 and four-link structure 350.
[0212] FIG. 15E and FIG. 16D clarify further that head restraint
100 in a first embodiment is arranged pivotable on a head restraint
pivot axis Y relative to a backrest according to the arrows in
FIGS. 15E and 16D, so that the position of head restraint 100
relative to the backrest and thereby the position of framework
structure 120 depending on the backrest tilt can be adjusted
further manually or automatically.
[0213] In another second embodiment (not shown), it is provided
that framework structure 120 relative to support element 110A is
arranged pivotable on a framework structure pivot axis, whereby the
position of framework structure 120 relative to support element
110A and thereby relative to the backrest can be adjusted further
manually or automatically also depending on the backrest tilt. In
both embodiments, it is provided in an advantageous manner that
framework structure 120 is always arranged in a more optimal
position to the head position dependent on the backrest tilt. In
other words, contact area 126 without striking the back of head K
depending on the backrest tilt is changed in its orientation so
that before striking the back of head K an optimized orientation of
contact area 126 of head restraint 100 is already provided for.
[0214] The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that
the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be
regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention,
and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in
the art are to be included within the scope of the following
claims.
* * * * *