U.S. patent application number 13/852664 was filed with the patent office on 2014-03-13 for removable protective topcoat for artificial nail coatings and methods therefore.
This patent application is currently assigned to Creative Nail Design, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is Creative Nail Design, Inc.. Invention is credited to Douglas D. Schoon, Thong Vu.
Application Number | 20140073710 13/852664 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42983691 |
Filed Date | 2014-03-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140073710 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Vu; Thong ; et al. |
March 13, 2014 |
REMOVABLE PROTECTIVE TOPCOAT FOR ARTIFICIAL NAIL COATINGS AND
METHODS THEREFORE
Abstract
The present disclosure relates generally to compositions for
nail coatings, and particularly, but not by way of limitation, to
polymerizable compositions. The disclosure further relates to
methods of making a polymerizable, protective and scratch resistant
topcoat layer that can be easily removed.
Inventors: |
Vu; Thong; (Vista, CA)
; Schoon; Douglas D.; (Vista, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Creative Nail Design, Inc.; |
|
|
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Creative Nail Design, Inc.
Vista
CA
|
Family ID: |
42983691 |
Appl. No.: |
13/852664 |
Filed: |
March 28, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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12573640 |
Oct 5, 2009 |
8541482 |
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13852664 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
521/50.5 ;
521/84.1; 522/182 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 2800/81 20130101;
A61K 8/39 20130101; C08F 251/02 20130101; A61K 8/731 20130101; A61Q
3/02 20130101; A61K 8/91 20130101; A61K 2800/95 20130101; A61K 8/87
20130101; A45D 31/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
521/50.5 ;
521/84.1; 522/182 |
International
Class: |
A61Q 3/02 20060101
A61Q003/02 |
Claims
1. A polymerizable composition comprising: at least one
polymerizable compound; at least one non-reactive,
solvent-dissolvable polymer; at least one polyalkylene glycol
mono(meth)acrylate; and at least one non-reactive solvent; wherein
upon exposure to a polymerization accelerant, said polymerizable
composition cures to an acrylic thermoset having voids defined
therein.
2. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein said
at least one polymerizable compound is a (meth)acrylate.
3. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1, further
comprising at least one urethane (meth)acrylate.
4. (canceled)
5. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1, wherein said
polymerization accelerant is selected from the group consisting of
thermal radiation, visible radiation, UV radiation, electron beam
radiation, amines, peroxides, and combinations thereof.
6. The polymerizable composition of claim 1, wherein said at least
one non-reactive, solvent-dissolvable polymer is a cellulose
ester.
7. The polymerizable composition of claim 2, wherein said cellulose
ester is a cellulose acetate alkylate.
8. The polymerizable composition of claim 3, wherein said cellulose
acetate alkylate is selected from the group consisting of cellulose
acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, and mixtures
thereof
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. (canceled)
12. The polymerizable composition according to claim 2, wherein
said (meth)acrylate is selected from the group consisting of
hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethyl
methacrylate, THFMA, pyromellitic dianhydride di(meth)acrylate,
pyromellitic dianhydride glyceryl dimethacrylate, pyromellitic
dimethacrylate, methacroyloxyethyl maleate, 2-hydroxyethyl
methacrylate/succinate, 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate/succinate
adduct, phthalic acid monoethyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxy ethyl
methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
13. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1, further
comprising an adhesion-promoting (meth)acrylate.
14. (canceled)
15. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1, further
comprising pyromellitic glyceryl dimethacrylate.
16. The polymerizable composition of claim 1, further comprising at
least one colorant.
17. (canceled)
18. (canceled)
19. The polymerizable composition of claim 3, wherein said at least
one at least one urethane (meth)acrylate has a molecular weight
(grams/mole) of from about 100 to about 20,000.
20. (canceled)
21. The polymerizable composition of claim 19, wherein said at
least one at least one urethane (meth)acrylate has a molecular
weight of from about 300 to about 5,000.
22. (canceled)
23. The polymerizable composition of claim 1, wherein said at least
one non-reactive solvent is selected from the group consisting of
ketones, alkyl acetates, alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, and mixtures
thereof.
24. (canceled)
25. (canceled)
26. (canceled)
27. The polymerizable composition of claim 1, further comprising at
least one photoinitiator.
28. (canceled)
29. (canceled)
30. (canceled)
31. The polymerizable composition of claim 1, wherein at least a
portion of said voids contain said at least one non-reactive,
solvent-dissolvable polymer
32. (canceled)
33. (canceled)
34. (canceled)
35. A polymerized acrylic thermoset having a plurality of
thermoplastic inclusions defined therein; said acrylic thermoset
being the reaction product of a polymerizable composition
comprising: at least one polymerizable compound; at least one
non-reactive, solvent-dissolvable polymer; at least one
polyalkylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate; and at least one
non-reactive solvent.
36. The polymerized thermoset according to claim 35, wherein said
thermoplastic inclusions comprise said at least one non-reactive,
solvent-dissolvable polymer.
37. A method of making a polymerized thermoset having a plurality
of thermoplastic inclusions defined therein, comprising: providing
a polymerizable liquid composition; and, exposing said
polymerizable liquid composition to a polymerization accelerant;
wherein said polymerizable liquid composition comprises: at least
one polymerizable compound; at least one non-reactive,
solvent-dissolvable polymer; at least one polyalkylene glycol
mono(meth)acrylate; and at least one non-reactive solvent.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to compositions for
nail coatings, and particularly, but not by way of limitation, to
polymerizable compositions. The disclosure further relates to
methods of making a polymerizable topcoat layer.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The information provided below is not admitted to be prior
art to the present invention, but is provided solely to assist the
understanding of the reader.
[0003] Artificial fingernail and toenail compositions in the form
of nail coatings and extenders are well known and have become a
major product line in the appearance and beauty industry. The
appearance of one's fingernails (and in many cases also toenails)
has become of importance to many fashion conscious individuals.
Commercial artificial nail compositions have been used to enhance
the appearance of nails and also to enhance the physical properties
of nails, including strengthening fragile nail surfaces.
[0004] Conventional nail coatings may be classified into two
categories: nail polishes; also known as lacquers, varnish or
enamels and artificial nails; also known as gels or acrylics. Nail
polishes typically comprise various solid components which are
dissolved and/or suspended in non-reactive solvents. Upon
application and drying, the solids deposit on the nail surface as a
clear, translucent or colored film. Typically, nail polishes are
easily scratched and are easily removable with solvent, usually
within one minute and if not removed as described, will chip or
peel from the natural nail in one to five days.
[0005] Conventional artificial nails are comprised of chemically
reactive monomers, and/or oligomers, in combination with reactive
or non-reactive polymers to create systems which are typically 100%
solids and do not require non-reactive solvents. Upon pre-mixing
and subsequent application to the nail plate, or application and
exposure to UV radiation, a chemical reaction ensues resulting in
the formation of long lasting, highly durable cross-linked
thermoset nail coating that is difficult to remove. Artificial
nails may possess greatly enhanced adhesion, durability, as well as
scratch and solvent resistance when compared to nail polishes.
However, because of these inherent properties, such reactive
thermosets are much harder to remove, should the consumer so
desire. Removal typically requires soaking in non-reactive solvents
for 30-90 minutes (for acrylics and currently available "soakable
gels"; it may take more than 90 minutes if ever to remove
traditional UV nail gels by solvent) and typically may also require
heavily abrading the surface or scraping with a wooden or metal
probe to assist the removal process.
[0006] A nail coating system typically comprises three layers: a
basecoat, a color layer, and a topcoat. The principle function of
the basecoat is to provide adhesion to the natural nail. The color
layer is applied over the basecoat. The second, or "color" layer
may be colorless or tranlucent. Typically, it is colored and will
have some opacity. The main function of the color layer is cosmetic
and, in some cases, to enhance the durability of the whole nail.
The final layer is applied on top of the color layer. This layer,
normally called "topcoat," typically functions to provide shine to
the finished nail coating composite. Moreover, the topcoat also
function as a means of protecting the "color" layer from chemical
(such as water or household products) and/or physical (such as UV
light and) exposure as well as abrasion resistance.
[0007] Like other layers, topcoat can be of nail polish type
(air-dry) or UV gel type (Light-cured). In general, the first type
loses its shine relatively quickly (5 days or less.) It has low
scratch resistance and low solvent resistance. The second type
maintains its shine for a longer time (3 weeks or more) because it
has relatively higher scratch and solvent resistances. On the other
hand, the air-dry type topcoat is very easily removed by solvent
whereas the light-cured version has almost no solvent removability.
There has been a need for a topcoat that has relatively high
scratch and solvent resistance that also has some degree of
removability by solvent.
[0008] Conventional artificial nails comprise reactive monomers,
and/or oligomers, and/or polymers, typically at 100% solids in the
absence of non-reactive solvents. Upon application, of an "acrylic"
type enhancement, (or after exposure of UV light to a "gel" type
enhancement), a chemical reaction ensues resulting in the formation
of a cross-linked thermoset. Artificial nail systems may possess
enhanced adhesiveness and scratch resistance as compared to
polishes. However, because of these enhanced properties, the
thermoset is much harder to remove when the consumer so desires.
Removal typically requires soaking in solvents for 30-90+minutes
and may also require abrasion on the topcoat and/or the color, and
scrapping or abrasion of the natural nail surface.
[0009] There remains a need for a nail coating system that possess
the enhanced adhesion and durability properties of thermosets and
also exhibits shorter and easier removal.
[0010] The present disclosure forms part of a nail covering system
comprising a basecoat adhesion layer (Application Number TBA,
Attorney Docket 017535-0376694), an intermediate, decorative color
layer (Application Number TBA, Attorney Docket 017535-0382227), and
the present application, a protective topcoat (Application Number
TBA, Attorney Docket 017535-0376696). The contents of each
application are mutually incorporated into each of the others by
reference for all purposes.
[0011] Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the
following disclosure.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0012] Aspects of the present disclosure when taken in conjunction
with the related disclosures provide a basecoat characterized by
firm adhesion to a nail surface combined with a solvent-induced
"unzipping," "quick-release" feature that affords facile removal.
Aspects of the present disclosure when taken in conjunction with
the related disclosures provide a color layer characterized by firm
adhesion to polymer surfaces combined with a solvent-induced
"unzipping," "quick-release" feature that affords facile removal.
Further aspects of the present disclosure when taken in conjunction
with the related disclosures provide a protective topcoat
characterized by firm adhesion to polymer surfaces combined with a
solvent-induced "unzipping," "quick-release" feature that affords
facile removal.
[0013] Aspects of the disclosure relate to a UV-curable composition
for cosmetic topcoat application to nails or nail coatings
comprising at least one UV-curable material (a UV-curable monomer,
and/or UV-curable oligomer), at least one photoinitiator, at least
one non-polymerizable, solvent-dissolvable resin, and at least one
non-reactive solvent.
[0014] An aspect of the present disclosure provides a nail topcoat
comprising a 3-dimentional (3-D) thermoset lattice interpenetrated
by a network comprising an organic solvent-dissolvable resin.
According to an aspect of the disclosure, the 3-D thermoset lattice
provides the enhanced adhesion, toughness, and scratch-resistance
typically associated with conventional artificial nails. According
to an aspect of the disclosure, an interconnected system of voids
and an interpenetrating network of an organic solvent-dissolvable
resin provides ease of removal using solvent.
[0015] According to an aspect, the present disclosure provides a
liquid composition comprising at least one UV-curable monomer,
and/or oligomer, and/or polymer which polymerize to a 3-D
thermoset. According to an aspect, the present disclosure provides
a liquid composition comprising at least one organic
solvent-dissolvable resin. According to an aspect, the organic
solvent-dissolvable resin forms a network of inclusions within the
3-D thermoset lattice.
[0016] According to aspects of the disclosure, at least one
UV-curable monomer is a (meth)acylate. As would be understood by
persons skilled in the polymerization arts, the term (meth)acrylate
refers to acrylates and/or methacrylates. According to aspects of
the disclosure, the UV-curable monomer may be a single or mixed
acrylate, a single or mixed methacrylate, or a mixture of acrylates
and methacrylates.
[0017] According to an aspect, the present disclosure provides a
monomer which confers the "unzipping" property of ease of removal
of the polymerized lattice. According to an aspect, the monomer may
be polypropylene glycol-4-monomethacrylate (PPG4 monomethacrylate).
According to an aspect, suitable monomers may include any acrylated
or methacrylated monomer in the PPG or polyethylene glycol (PEG)
families. According to an aspect, the "unzipping" monomers are
present at from about 0 to about 70 weight % (wt %).
[0018] According to an aspect, the liquid composition comprises
reactive monomers, and/or oligomers, and/or polymers which provides
the polymerized composition increased adhesiveness. According to an
aspect, such reactive monomers, and/or oligomers, and/or polymers
may be a (meth)acrylate. According to an aspect, such reactive
monomers, and/or oligomers, and/or polymers may be selected from
the group consisting of hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA),
hydroxypropylmethacrylate (HPMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA),
tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate(THFMA), pyromellitic dianhydride
di(meth)acrylate, pyromellitic dianhydride glyceryl dimethacrylate,
pyromellitic dimethacrylate, methacroyloxyethyl maleate,
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/succinate, 1,3-glycerol
dimethacrylate/succinate adduct, phthalic acid monoethyl
methacrylate, acetoacetoxy ethyl methacylate (AAEMA), and mixtures
thereof. According to an aspect, such reactive monomers, and/or
oligomers, and/or polymers possess acidic functionality. According
to an aspect, the monomer, oligomer or polymer which provides the
polymerized composition increased adhesiveness is present from
about 0 to about 50 wt %.
[0019] An aspect of the present disclosure provides a polymerizable
liquid composition comprising a non-reactive, solvent-dissolvable
polymer. According to an aspect, the non-reactive,
solvent-dissolvable polymer is a cellulose ester. According to a
particular aspect, the non-reactive, solvent-dissolvable polymer is
a cellulose acetate alkylate. According to a more particular
aspect, the non-reactive, solvent-dissolvable polymer is a
cellulose acetate butyrate or a cellulose acetate propionate.
According to a further aspect, the ingredient which provides for
ease of removal may be present at from about 0.1 to about 75 wt
%.
[0020] Certain embodiments of the formulation may optionally
comprise resins, such as, but not limited to polyvinylbutyral
and/or tosylamide formaldehyde resins. Such resins act as film
formers, adhesion promoters, and aids to removal. These resins may
also qualify as solvent-dissolvable, interpenetrating resins which
can be extracted to create channels for solvent absorption and
migration.
[0021] According to an aspect of the disclosure, topcoat
compositions may comprise up to 1 wt % of conventional pigments
and/or dyes.
[0022] According to another aspect of the disclosure, the topcoat
compositions may comprise up to 10 wt % of "effect pigment." As is
known in the art, a metallic effect pigment may be a dispersion of
finely-divided metals and/or alloys which may be used for
decorative and/or protective purposes. As is known in the art an
effect pigment may be a nacreous or pearlescent pigment and may
comprise a dispersion of mica particles coated with a metal oxide
layer. Pearlescent pigments may impart an iridescent, pearly sheen
to coatings.
[0023] An aspect of the present disclosure provides methods of
removal. According to an aspect, the thermoset polymerized from the
disclosed composition provides a sensitivity to organic solvents
and, in particular, to acetone. According to an aspect of the
disclosure, means are provided to distribute organic solvent to the
polymer/natural nail interface. According to an aspect, delivering
an appropriate solvent to the polymer/natural nail interface will
result in an unzipping effect which leads to rapid disruption of
the adhesive bond interface and greatly facilitates quick and
gentle removal from the natural nail.
[0024] Still other aspects and advantages of the present invention
will become readily apparent by those skilled in the art from the
following detailed description, wherein it is shown and described
preferred embodiments of the invention, simply by way of
illustration of the best mode contemplated of carrying out the
invention. As will be realized the invention is capable of other
and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of
modifications in various obvious respects, without departing from
the invention. Accordingly, the description is to be regarded as
illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0025] Not Applicable.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0026] Nail coatings commonly consist of a layer of material
applied to a keratin nail surface. Prior art coatings may damage
the nail by at least two mechanisms. First, adequate adhesion of
the material to the nail may require abrasion to roughen the nail
surface. And second, removal of the material may require prolonged
exposure to possibly damaging solvents and or further abrasion of
the nail surface.
[0027] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a nail
coating comprising a 3-dimentional (3-D) thermoset lattice
interpenetrated by a network comprising an organic
solvent-dissolvable resin. According to an aspect of the
disclosure, a 3-D thermoset lattice provides the enhanced adhesion,
toughness, and scratch-resistance of conventional artificial nails.
According to an embodiment, a color layer may be interposed between
the basecoat and the present topcoat layer.
[0028] An embodiment of the liquid composition comprises reactive
monomers, and/or oligomers, and/or polymers which provides the
polymerized composition increased toughness and scratch-resistance.
In certain embodiments, such reactive monomers, and/or oligomers,
and/or polymers may be a (meth)acrylate. As is known to persons of
skill in the polymer arts, the term (meth)acrylate encompasses
acrylates and/or methacrylates.
[0029] According to an aspect, such reactive monomers, and/or
oligomers, and/or polymers may be selected from the group
consisting of hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), hydroxyethyl
methacrylate (HEMA), EMA, THFMA, pyromellitic dianhydride
di(meth)acrylate, pyromellitic dianhydride glyceryl dimethacrylate,
pyromellitic dimethacrylate, methacroyloxyethyl maleate,
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/succinate, 1,3-glycerol
dimethacrylate/succinate adduct, phthalic acid monoethyl
methacrylate, acetoacetoxy ethyl methacylate (AAEMA), and mixtures
thereof. According to an aspect, such reactive monomers, and/or
oligomers, and/or polymers may possess acidic functionality.
According to an aspect, the monomer, oligomer or polymer which
provides the polymerized composition increased adhesiveness is
present from about 0 to about 50 wt %.
[0030] Certain embodiments of the liquid composition comprise at
least one monomer which confers the "unzipping" property by
imparting to the interfacial bonds a sensitivity to organic
solvent
[0031] According to an aspect, the at least one monomer may be
polypropylene glycol-4-monomethacrylate (PPG4 monomethacrylate).
According to an aspect, suitable monomers may include any acrylated
or methacrylated monomer in the PPG or polyethylene glycol (PEG)
family. According to an aspect, the "unzipping" monomers are
present at from about 0 to about 70 weight % (wt %).
[0032] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a
polymerizable liquid composition comprising a methacrylate monomer
which provides improved adhesion, viscosity, wear and durability.
In certain embodiments, the methacrylate monomer is a
tetrahydrofurfural methacrylate. In other embodiments, some or all
of the tetrahydrofurfural methacrylate may be substituted by such
monomers including, but not limited to ethyl methacrylate (EMA),
HPMA, and other monomers such as pyromellitic dianhydride glyceryl
dimethacrylate, and similar (meth)acrylate monomers. The
methacrylate monomer may be present from about 0 to about 70 wt
%.
[0033] Certain embodiments of the polymerizable liquid composition
of the present disclosure may comprise a urethane (meth)acrylate
resin which may convey flexibility and toughness to the polymerized
product. In certain embodiments, urethane methacrylates are
preferred. The urethane (meth)acrylate monomer may be present from
about 0 to about 50 wt %. In certain embodiments, the urethane
(meth)acrylate may have a molecular weight (grams/mole) of from
about 100 to about 20,000. In certain embodiments, the urethane
(meth)acrylate may have a molecular weight of from about 300 to
about 15,000. In certain embodiments, the urethane (meth)acrylate
may have a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 13,000. In
certain embodiments, the urethane (meth)acrylate may have a
molecular weight of from about 500 to about 6,000.
[0034] In certain embodiments of the disclosure, the 3-D thermoset
lattice is interpenetrated by a network of voids. Upon cure of the
reactive components, some of these voids are filled with a
non-reactive, organic solvent-dissolvable resin. When it is desired
to remove the nail covering, the polymer is exposed to a solvent
which dissolves solvent-dissolvable resin. Dissolution of the resin
leaves a network of voids which fill with solvent. The voids
channel the solvent to the interior of the thermoset and also to
the polymer/nail interface.
[0035] Certain embodiments of the polymerizable liquid composition
of the present disclosure may comprise a non-reactive,
solvent-dissolvable polymer. According to an aspect, the
non-reactive, solvent-dissolvable polymer is a cellulose ester.
According to a particular aspect, the non-reactive,
solvent-dissolvable polymer is a cellulose acetate alkylate.
According to a more particular aspect, the non-reactive,
solvent-dissolvable polymer is a cellulose acetate butyrate or a
cellulose acetate propionate. The non-reactive, solvent-dissolvable
polymer may be a mixture of any acceptable polymer. According to a
further aspect, the non-reactive, solvent-dissolvable polymer may
be present at from about 0.1 to about 75 wt %.
[0036] Certain embodiments of the formulation may optionally
comprise resins, such as, but not limited to polyvinylbutyral
and/or tosylamide formaldehyde resins. Such resins may act as film
formers, adhesion promoters, and aids to removal. These resins may
also qualify as solvent-dissolvable, interpenetrating resins which
can be extracted to create channels for solvent absorption and
migration.
[0037] Without being bound by theory, the present invention's
relative ease of removal of the nail covering was increased through
facilitating entrance of solvent into the interior of the coating.
Conventional polymerized nail coatings are weakened by long-term
(30 to 90 minute) exposure to organic solvents. The solvent slowly
seeps in at the outer surface and edges of the thermoset and
eventually swells the coating. The swelling eventually weakens the
entire matrix structure, as well as disrupts adhesion to the nail
surface. Even a weakly attached nail coating may require abrasion
to enhance solvent penetration and speed removal. However, the slow
rate at which solvent diffuses through the thermoset, limits the
rate of swelling.
[0038] The present invention provides a 3-D thermoset
interpenetrated by a network of solvent-dissolvable channels and
inclusions. Upon exposure to organic solvent, the cellulose ester,
or other non-reactive, organic solvent-soluble polymer, is
dissolved and leached from the coating. The result is a series of
solvent accessible passageways riddled throughout the thermoset.
Under these conditions, solvent may attack the interior of the
thermoset no longer limited by a slow diffusion rate.
[0039] The inventive composition may be polymerizable with actinic
radiation. The actinic radiation may be ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
The UV radiation may be characterized by wavelengths of from about
320 to 420 nanometers.
[0040] After the liquid composition is applied to a surface,
especially a polymer surface, the liquid may be cured by a
UV-initiated, free-radical polymerization method. Persons of skill
in the polymerization arts may readily determine suitable
photoinitiators for use with the invention. Set forth below are
non-limiting representative photoinitiators that are suitable for
purposes of the invention.
[0041] Suitable, photoinitiators include, but are not limited to
benzoyldiphenylphosphinates, phenyl ketones, and dimethyl
ketals.
[0042] A non-limiting suitable photoinitiator is a
2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphorous derivative. A suitable
derivative is ethyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphinate,
which may be obtained under the tradename Lucirin.RTM. TPO-L (BASF
Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, DE). Another non-limiting
suitable derivative is 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine
oxide, which may be obtained under the trade name Lucerin.RTM.
(BASF) or as Genocure.RTM. TPO (Rahn)The
2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphinate photoinitiator may be
present from about 0% to about 20 wt %.
[0043] A non-limiting suitable phenyl ketone is hydroxycyclohexyl
phenyl ketone, which may be obtained under the tradename
Igracure.RTM. 184 (Ciba) and which may be present from about 0 to
about 20 wt %.
[0044] A non-limiting suitable dimethyl ketal is benzil dimethyl
ketal (BDK), which may be obtained under the tradename
FIRSTCURE.RTM. BDK (Albemarle, Baton Rouge, La., US) and which may
be present from about 0 to about 20 wt %.
[0045] Embodiments of the topcoat disclosure may comprise up to 1
wt % of conventional pigments and or dyes. Certain embodiments may
comprise up to 10 wt % of effect pigments.
[0046] A conventional thermoset nail coating comprises 100% solids
and does not comprise non-reactive solvents. The polymerizable
liquid composition of the present disclosure further comprises at
least one non-reactive solvent. A suitable non-reactive solvent is
readily volatile at room temperature and is a good solvent for the
remaining ingredients. Upon application, the non-reactive solvent
readily volatilizes leaving regions of increased porosity
throughout the nail coating. These porous regions later facilitate
the entry of a remover solvent which may be acetone.
[0047] Suitable non-reactive solvents may be selected from the
group consisting of ketones, alkyl acetates, alcohols, alkanes,
alkenes, and mixtures thereof. Suitable non-reactive solvents may
be selected from the group consisting of acetone, ethyl acetate,
butyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone,
toluene, hexane, and mixtures thereof. A particularly suitable
non-reactive solvent is acetone. Typically a non-reactive solvent
or a mixture of non-reactive solvents is included at up to about 70
weight percent. The present list is illustrative of suitable
non-reactive solvents and is non-limiting.
[0048] Certain embodiments of the formulation may optionally
comprise (meth)acrylic acid monomers and/or polymers in order to
fine tune toughness and scratch-resistance properties. Non-limiting
examples of such (meth)acrylates include: mono or
poly(meth)acrylates, HPMA, HEMA, pyromellitic dianhydride
di(meth)acrylate, pyromellitic dianhydride glyceryl dimethacrylate,
pyromellitic dimethacrylate, methacroyloxyethyl maleate,
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/succinate, 1,3-glycerol
dimethacrylate/succinate adduct, phthalic acid monoethyl
methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate,
butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, PEG-4 dimethacrylate,
PPG monomethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate,
hydoxyethyl methacrylate, isopropylidenediphenyl bisglycidyl
methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, hexyl
methacrylate, urethane methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate,
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate,
tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane
trimethacrylate, neopentylglycol dimethacylate.
[0049] Certain embodiments of the formulation may optionally
comprise resins, such as, but not limited to polyvinylbutyral
and/or tosylamide formaldehyde resins. Such resins act as film
formers, adhesion promoters, and aids to removal.
[0050] Certain embodiments of the formulation may optionally
comprise plasticizers, such as, but not limited to diisobutyl
adipate. Plasticizers act to minimize the effect of brittleness of
the subsequently formed polymer after exposure to UV radiation, sun
light, and air. Plasticizers also are found to slightly shorten the
removal time. Plasticizers may be present at from 0 to about 25 wt
%.
[0051] As compared to conventional nail coatings, the present
disclosure relates to a major advantage in that it enables the
durable color layer to adhere to the natural nail for periods in
excess of two weeks without breakdown of the coating. In contrast
to conventional coatings, the present disclosure relates to a UV
gel system that is non-damaging to the natural nail. The
application process requires no abrasive treatment of the nail, and
the process of removal does not require abrasive treatment on this
topcoat layer. Moreover, in comparison to conventional systems, the
present disclosure relates to a more rapidly removable
(meth)acrylate polymer system achieving removal in less than 20
minutes for the whole system.
INDUSTRIAL UTILITY
[0052] This invention has industrial applicability in providing
compositions and methods for making cosmetic protective nail
topcoats that are tough, durable, semi-chemical resistant,
semi-scratch resistant, and still provide means for removing a nail
coating without requiring abrasion.
EXAMPLE 1
Chemical Resistance Test
[0053] To compare chemical resistance a topcoat formulation
according to the present disclosure was compared against a
commercial polish topcoat formulation and a commercial enhancement
type topcoat formulation. We employed the conventional MEK double
rub test except that acetone substituted for the methyl ethyl
ketone. Thin films of each formulation were prepared on glass
microscope slides. Each film was formed to a 5 mil wet thickness.
The commercial enhancement type formulation and the formulation of
the present disclosure were cured by exposure to UV light using a
Brisa.TM. lamp. A very thin, unpolymerized tacky top layer was
wiped to dryness using 99 wt % isopropanol. The polish formulation
was not cured. All specimens were aged under conditions of ambient
light and temperature for 24 hours. Following aging, each sample
was individually rubbed with cotton pads soaked in 99 wt % acetone.
The polish formulation was completely removed by two rubs. The
formulation of the present invention was dulled by two rubs, but
remained intact for at least 150 rubs. The enhancement formulation
remained shiny and intact for at least 200 rubs.
EXAMPLE 2
Pencil Hardness Test
[0054] To test scratch resistance, we recorded the lowest "H"
number of the pencil which dented test samples prepared as given in
Example 1. We also recorded the lowest "H" number of the pencil
capable of tearing test films. The polish formulation was dented
and torn by 3H and 4H pencils, respectively. The formula of the
present disclosure was dented and torn respectively by 3H and 6H
pencils. The enhancement formula was not torn by any tested pencil
and was dented by a 4H pencil.
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