U.S. patent application number 14/016405 was filed with the patent office on 2014-02-27 for power generator.
This patent application is currently assigned to Elemental Energy Technologies Limited. The applicant listed for this patent is Michael John Urch. Invention is credited to Michael John Urch.
Application Number | 20140054898 14/016405 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40638260 |
Filed Date | 2014-02-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140054898 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Urch; Michael John |
February 27, 2014 |
POWER GENERATOR
Abstract
A power generator assembly for using kinetic energy from a
flowing fluid to generate power. The power generator assembly
includes a blade assembly and a generator. The blade assembly has a
head end for facing oncoming flowing fluid, a tail end spaced from
the head end for facing in the direction of flow of the fluid, and
a rotational axis extending between the head end and the tail end.
The blade assembly includes a blade arrangement which is arranged
in generally helical fashion about the rotational axis, and at
least one mounting formation connected to the blade arrangement.
Each mounting formation is adapted to permit mounting of the blade
assembly for rotation about its rotational axis, so that in use
fluid flowing past the power generator assembly interacts with the
blade arrangement to rotate the blade assembly about its rotational
axis. The generator is drivingly connected to the blade assembly
for generating power in response to rotation of the blade
assembly.
Inventors: |
Urch; Michael John;
(Prestons, AU) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Urch; Michael John |
Prestons |
|
AU |
|
|
Assignee: |
Elemental Energy Technologies
Limited
Sydney
AU
|
Family ID: |
40638260 |
Appl. No.: |
14/016405 |
Filed: |
September 3, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
12743126 |
Sep 13, 2010 |
8587144 |
|
|
PCT/AU2008/001705 |
Nov 14, 2008 |
|
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14016405 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
290/55 ; 290/54;
416/176 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F03D 9/32 20160501; F03B
17/061 20130101; F03D 13/20 20160501; Y02E 10/20 20130101; F03B
11/02 20130101; F03D 1/04 20130101; F05B 2240/93 20130101; Y02E
10/30 20130101; F03D 80/70 20160501; Y02E 10/727 20130101; F05B
2210/16 20130101; F03B 3/126 20130101; F03D 9/25 20160501; F05B
2240/243 20130101; Y02P 80/10 20151101; F03B 13/10 20130101; Y02E
10/72 20130101; F05B 2250/25 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
290/55 ; 290/54;
416/176 |
International
Class: |
F03B 13/10 20060101
F03B013/10; F03B 11/02 20060101 F03B011/02; F03D 9/00 20060101
F03D009/00; F03B 3/12 20060101 F03B003/12 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 16, 2007 |
AU |
2007906278 |
Nov 16, 2007 |
AU |
2007906279 |
Nov 16, 2007 |
AU |
2007906281 |
Jun 18, 2008 |
AU |
2008903101 |
Claims
1. A power generator assembly for using kinetic energy from a
flowing fluid to generate power, the power generator assembly
including: a blade assembly having a head end for facing oncoming
flowing fluid, a tail end spaced from the head end for facing in
the direction of flow of the fluid, and a rotational axis extending
between the head end and the tail end, the blade assembly including
a blade arrangement which is arranged in generally helical fashion
about the rotational axis, and at least one mounting formation
connected to the blade arrangement, each mounting formation being
adapted to permit mounting of the blade assembly for rotation about
its rotational axis, so that in use fluid flowing past the
electrical power generator assembly interacts with the blade
arrangement to rotate the blade assembly about its rotational axis;
and a generator drivingly connected to the blade assembly for
generating power in response to rotation of the blade assembly.
2. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
power generator is an electrical power generator and includes an
electrical generator drivingly connected to the blade assembly.
3. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
power generator is a hydraulic power generator and includes a
hydraulic generator drivingly connected to the blade assembly.
4. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the
hydraulic generator is in turn connected to an electric
generator.
5. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
power generator converts mechanical power from the blade assembly
into another form of energy to do useful work.
6. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
blade assembly includes an elongated shaft extending between the
head end and the tail end of the blade assembly, the shaft having a
longitudinal axis defining the rotational axis of the blade
assembly, and the blade arrangement being mounted on and radiating
from the shaft.
7. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein the
generator is drivingly connected to the shaft.
8. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein the
blade arrangement terminates shy of the ends of the shaft, with
each mounting formation being provided by an end portion of the
shaft, so that in use, the shaft, and accordingly the blade
assembly, is rotatably mounted or supported.
9. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein each
mounting formation includes a bearing element mounted on the shaft
and adapted to be connected to a support structure, to permit
rotation of the blade assembly relative to said support
structure.
10. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
blade arrangement includes a plurality of beams which are
longitudinally spaced in said generally helical fashion along the
shaft.
11. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 10, wherein
each beam is mounted on the shaft such that it is adjustably
rotatable around the rotational axis of the shaft, to permit
adjustment of the pitch of the blade assembly.
12. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 11, wherein
the blade arrangement further includes a web or skin extending
along the lengths of and connected to each pair of adjacent beams,
such that the blade arrangement, irrespective of the pitch of each
beam, is uninterrupted across its surface.
13. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
blade arrangement includes one or more continuous helical
blades.
14. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
blade arrangement, when seen in side elevation, tapers from the
head end thereof to its tail end.
15. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 12, wherein
the power generator assembly also includes an elongated open-ended
shroud extending between the head end and the tail end of the blade
assembly, the shroud being connected to and surrounding the blade
assembly, so that the shroud rotates with the blade assembly in
use.
16. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein
the shroud has a head end and a tail end.
17. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein
the shroud is connected to the tip of each blade of the blade
arrangement, the connection between the shroud and each blade being
a substantially fluid impervious connection.
18. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein
the blade arrangement includes a plurality of beams and said webs
or skins, a tip of each web or skin is also connected to the
shroud.
19. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 18, wherein
the connections between the webs or skins and the shroud are
substantially fluid impervious connections.
20. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 16, wherein,
in use, flowing fluid interacting with the blade arrangement to
rotate the power generator assembly thus enters the shroud from its
head end and exits the shroud via its tail end.
21. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 16, wherein
the shroud is of thin wall construction, and converges along at
least part of its length from its head end to its tail end, said
convergence corresponding to the tapering of the blade
assembly.
22. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein
the shroud is of multi-section or unitary moulded construction,
having a head end section via which a flowing fluid enters the
shroud, a tail end section via which flowing fluid exits the
shroud, and an elongated intermediate section extending between the
head end section and the tail end section, with the intermediate
section converging from the head end section towards the tail end
section.
23. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 22, wherein
the head end section of the shroud converges towards the
intermediate section, and the tail end section diverges away from
the intermediate section, such that the shroud is generally in the
form of a converging-diverging venturi having a converging
elongated throat defined by the intermediate section.
24. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 22, wherein
the shroud has a circular cross-sectional profile, and the head end
section, or the head end section and the tail end section, of the
shroud is/are flared in bell mouth fashion.
25. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein
each mounting formation includes a bearing element connected to an
end section of the shaft, the bearing elements in use being mounted
on an anchored support structure, such that the power generator
assembly rotates relative to the support structure.
26. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 25, wherein
the electrical power generator is in the form of a dynamo or
alternator mounted on an end section of the shaft of the blade
assembly and anchored to the support structure.
27. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein
the power generator assembly includes a stator in front of the
shroud.
28. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein
the stator is adjacent the shroud head end section.
29. (canceled)
30. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
power generator assembly includes a slotted ejector arrangement
behind the shroud.
31. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 30, wherein
the slotted ejector arrangement is adjacent the shroud tail end
section.
32. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 30, wherein
the slotted ejector arrangement is connected to, and rotates with,
the shroud.
33. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 30, wherein
the slotted ejector arrangement is connected to the support
structure and does not rotate with the shroud.
34. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 30, wherein
the slotted ejector arrangement includes a plurality of spaced
apart tubular sections.
35. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 34, wherein
the slotted ejector arrangement diverges diametrically away from
the shroud.
36. (canceled)
37. (canceled)
38. A propulsion or pump device adapted to eject a fluid, the
propulsion device including: a blade assembly having a head end for
fluid inlet, a tail end spaced from the head end and facing in the
direction of fluid outlet, and a rotational axis extending between
the head end and the tail end, the blade assembly including a blade
arrangement which is arranged in generally helical fashion about
the rotational axis, and at least one mounting formation connected
to the blade arrangement, each mounting formation being adapted to
permit mounting of the blade assembly for rotation about its
rotational axis, so that in use fluid drawn past the propulsion
device interacts with the blade arrangement during rotation of the
blade assembly about its rotational axis; and a motor drivingly
connected to the blade assembly for rotating the blade assembly to
cause fluid flow from the tail end section.
39. The device as claimed in claim 38, wherein the blade assembly
includes an elongated shaft extending between the head end and the
tail end of the blade assembly, the shaft having a longitudinal
axis defining the rotational axis of the blade assembly, and the
blade arrangement being mounted on and radiating from the
shaft.
40. The device as claimed in claim 39, wherein the motor is
drivingly connected to the shaft.
41. The device as claimed in claim 40, wherein the blade
arrangement terminates shy of the ends of the shaft, with each
mounting formation being provided by an end portion of the shaft,
so that in use, the shaft, and accordingly the blade assembly, is
rotatably mounted or supported.
42. The device as claimed in claim 41, wherein each mounting
formation includes a bearing element mounted on the shaft and
adapted to be connected to a support structure, to permit rotation
of the blade assembly relative to said support structure.
43. The device as claimed in claim 38, wherein the blade
arrangement includes a plurality of beams which are longitudinally
spaced in said generally helical fashion along the shaft.
44. The device as claimed in claim 43, wherein each beam is mounted
on the shaft such that it is adjustably rotatable around the
rotational axis of the shaft, to permit adjustment of the pitch of
the blade assembly.
45. The device as claimed in claim 44, wherein the blade
arrangement further includes a web or skin extending along the
lengths of and connected to each pair of adjacent beams, such that
the blade arrangement, irrespective of the pitch of each beam, is
uninterrupted across its surface.
46. The device as claimed in claim 38, wherein the blade
arrangement includes one or more continuous helical blades.
47. The device as claimed in claim 38, wherein the blade
arrangement, when seen in side elevation, tapers from the head end
thereof to its tail end.
48. The device as claimed in claim 38, wherein the device also
includes an elongated open-ended shroud extending between the head
end and the tail end of the blade assembly, the shroud being
connected to and surrounding the blade assembly, so that the shroud
rotates with the blade assembly in use.
49. The device as claimed in claim 48, wherein the shroud has a
head end and a tail end.
50. The device as claimed in claim 47, wherein the shroud is
connected to the tip of each blade of the blade arrangement, the
connection between the shroud and each blade being a substantially
fluid impervious connection.
51. The device as claimed in claim 47, wherein the blade
arrangement includes a plurality of beams and said webs or skins, a
tip of each web or skin is also connected to the shroud.
52. The device as claimed in claim 51, wherein the connections
between the webs or skins and the shroud are substantially fluid
impervious connections.
53. The device as claimed in claim 48, wherein the shroud is of
thin wall construction, and converges along at least part of its
length from its head end to its tail end, said convergence
corresponding to the tapering of the blade assembly.
54. The device as claimed in claim 48, wherein the shroud is of
multi-section or unitary moulded construction, having a head end
section via which a flowing fluid enters the shroud, a tail end
section via which flowing fluid exits the shroud, and an elongated
intermediate section extending between the head end section and the
tail end section, with the intermediate section converging from the
head end section towards the tail end section.
55. The device as claimed in claim 54, wherein the head end section
of the shroud converges towards the intermediate section, and the
tail end section diverges away from the intermediate section, such
that the shroud is generally in the form of a converging-diverging
venturi having a converging elongated throat defined by the
intermediate section.
56. The device as claimed in claim 54, wherein the shroud has a
circular cross-sectional profile, so that the head end section and
the tail end section of the shroud are flared in bell mouth
fashion.
57. The device as claimed in claim 38, wherein each mounting
formation includes a bearing element connected to an end section of
the shaft, the bearing elements in use being mounted on an anchored
support structure, such that the power generator assembly rotates
relative to the support structure.
58. The device as claimed in claim 38, wherein the device includes
a stator in front of the shroud.
59. The device as claimed in claim 58, wherein the stator is
adjacent the shroud head end section.
60. The device as claimed in claim 58, wherein the stator includes
one or more blades of adjustable pitch.
61. The device as claimed in claim 38, wherein the device includes
a slotted ejector arrangement behind the shroud.
62. The device as claimed in claim 61, wherein the slotted ejector
arrangement is adjacent the shroud tail end section.
63. The device as claimed in claim 61, wherein the slotted ejector
arrangement is connected to, and rotates with, the shroud.
64. The device as claimed in claim 61, wherein the slotted ejector
arrangement is connected to the generator and does not rotate with
the shroud.
65. The device as claimed in claim 61, wherein the slotted ejector
arrangement includes a plurality of spaced apart tubular
sections.
66. The device as claimed in claim 61, wherein the slotted ejector
arrangement is of unitary construction, with a helical slot
therein.
67. The device as claimed in claim 65, wherein the slotted ejector
arrangement diverges diametrically away from the shroud.
68. A power generator for using kinetic energy from a flowing fluid
to generate power, the power generator including: a blade assembly
having a head end for facing oncoming flowing fluid, a tail end
spaced from the head end for facing in the direction of flow of the
fluid, and a rotational axis extending between the head end and the
tail end, the blade assembly including a blade arrangement which
includes a plurality of beams spaced along the length of the
rotational axis between the head end and the tail end of the blade
assembly, and at least one mounting formation connected to the
blade arrangement, each mounting formation being adapted to permit
mounting of the blade assembly for rotation about its rotational
axis, so that in use fluid flowing past the electrical power
generator assembly interacts with the blade arrangement to rotate
the blade assembly about its rotational axis; and a generator
drivingly connected to the blade assembly for generating power in
response to rotation of the blade assembly.
69. The power generator as claimed in claim 68, wherein the power
generator is an electrical power generator and includes an
electrical generator drivingly connected to the blade assembly.
70. The power generator as claimed in claim 68, wherein the power
generator is a hydraulic power generator and includes a hydraulic
generator drivingly connected to the blade assembly.
71. The power generator as claimed in claim 70, wherein the
hydraulic generator is in turn connected to an electric
generator.
72. The power generator as claimed in claim 68, wherein the beams
of the blade assembly are arranged in generally helical fashion
about the rotation axis.
73. A propulsion or pump device adapted to eject a fluid, the
propulsion device including: a blade assembly having a head end for
fluid inlet, a tail end spaced from the head end and facing in the
direction of fluid outlet, and a rotational axis extending between
the head end and the tail end, the blade assembly including a blade
arrangement which includes a plurality of beams spaced along the
length of the rotational axis between the head end and the tail end
of the blade assembly, and at least one mounting formation
connected to the blade arrangement, each mounting formation being
adapted to permit mounting of the blade assembly for rotation about
its rotational axis, so that in use fluid drawn past the propulsion
device interacts with the blade arrangement during rotation of the
blade assembly about its rotational axis; and a motor drivingly
connected to the blade assembly for rotating the blade assembly to
cause fluid flow from the tail end section.
74. The power generator assembly as claimed in claim 73, wherein
the beams of the blade assembly are arranged in generally helical
fashion about the rotation axis.
75. An electrical power generator installation, the installation
including: an electrical power generator assembly as hereinbefore
described; and a support structure, the power generator assembly
being mounted, by means of each mounting formation thereof, on the
support structure for rotation of the power generator assembly
about the rotational axis of its blade arrangement.
76. The power generator installation as claimed in claim 75,
wherein the power generator is submerged in the ocean.
77. The power generator installation as claimed in claim 75, the
power generator is mounted in a river or flowing stream.
78. The power generator installation as claimed in claim 75,
wherein the power generator is located in an open area where it
will be exposed to flow of air when the wind blows.
79. The power generator installation as claimed in claim 75,
wherein the support structure includes a network of flexible
elements.
80. The power generator installation as claimed in claim 79,
wherein the network of flexible elements include (heavy) chains or
cables.
81. The power generator installation as claimed in claim 79,
wherein the network of flexible elements are arranged such that the
generator can be aligned with the head end thereof facing oncoming
flowing fluid so that it aligns itself in accordance with the
direction of flow of the fluid.
82. The power generator installation as claimed in claim 81,
wherein the network of flexible elements are arranged such that the
electrical power generator assembly is mounted thereon in the
general fashion of a windsock.
83. The power generator installation as claimed in claim 75,
wherein the support structure is a rigid structure including a
network of rigid elements.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates generally to a power
generator, and more particularly to an electrical power generator
assembly for using kinetic energy from a flowing fluid to generate
electrical power. The power generator is also suitable for
producing other forms of power, such as hydraulic power.
[0002] The present invention relates also to an electrical power
generator installation including such electrical power generator.
The present invention is expected to be particularly
advantageously, but not exclusively, used in the context of
hydro-powered electricity generation.
[0003] The present invention is also adaptable for use as a
propulsion or pump device.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Kinetic energy in flowing fluids, such as water and wind, is
a known alternative to energy sources such as bio-fuels and fossil
fuels for generating power. Unlike, for example, bio- and fossil
fuel which, when used in power generation, go hand-in-hand with
emission of harmful combustion gasses into the atmosphere,
generation of power by using flowing fluids has no or very little
adverse effects on the atmosphere. Although known installations for
harvesting wind power generally have low running costs, they tend
to be expensive to install and have relatively low generation
capacity. Known installations for harvesting hydropower, for
example tidal power, on the other hand, have relatively higher
generation capacity. However, these types of installations too are
expensive, require frequent maintenance, and can be unreliable due
to problems associated with silting and corrosion.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[0005] It is the object of the present invention to substantially
overcome or at least ameliorate one or more of the above
disadvantages, or at least to provide a useful alternative.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention
provides a power generator assembly for using kinetic energy from a
flowing fluid to generate power, the power generator assembly
including:
[0007] a blade assembly having a head end for facing oncoming
flowing fluid, a tail end spaced from the head end for facing in
the direction of flow of the fluid, and a rotational axis extending
between the head end and the tail end, the blade assembly including
a blade arrangement which is arranged in generally helical fashion
about the rotational axis, and at least one mounting formation
connected to the blade arrangement, each mounting formation being
adapted to permit mounting of the blade assembly for rotation about
its rotational axis, so that in use fluid flowing past the power
generator assembly interacts with the blade arrangement to rotate
the blade assembly about its rotational axis; and
[0008] a generator drivingly connected to the blade assembly for
generating power in response to rotation of the blade assembly.
[0009] In one form, the power generator is an electrical power
generator and includes an electrical generator drivingly connected
to the blade assembly.
[0010] In another form, the power generator is a hydraulic power
generator and includes a hydraulic generator drivingly connected to
the blade assembly. Preferably, the hydraulic generator is in turn
connected to an electric generator.
[0011] In yet another form, the power generator converts mechanical
power from the blade assembly into another form of energy to do
useful work.
[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a
propulsion or pump device adapted to eject a fluid, the propulsion
device including:
[0013] a blade assembly having a head end for fluid inlet, a tail
end spaced from the head end and facing in the direction of fluid
outlet, and a rotational axis extending between the head end and
the tail end, the blade assembly including a blade arrangement
which is arranged in generally helical fashion about the rotational
axis, and at least one mounting formation connected to the blade
arrangement, each mounting formation being adapted to permit
mounting of the blade assembly for rotation about its rotational
axis, so so that in use fluid drawn past the propulsion device
interacts with the blade arrangement during rotation of the blade
assembly about its rotational axis; and
[0014] a motor drivingly connected to the blade assembly for
rotating the blade assembly to cause fluid flow from the tail end
section.
[0015] The blade assembly preferably includes an elongated shaft
extending between the head end and the tail end of the blade
assembly, the shaft having a longitudinal axis defining the
rotational axis of the blade assembly, and the blade arrangement
being mounted on and radiating from the shaft. The generator is
preferably drivingly connected to the shaft. The blade arrangement
preferably terminates shy of the ends of the shaft, with each
mounting formation being provided by an end portion of the shaft,
so that in use, the shaft, and accordingly the blade assembly, is
rotatably mounted or supported. Preferably, each mounting formation
includes a bearing element mounted on the shaft and adapted to be
connected to a support structure, to permit rotation of the blade
assembly relative to said support structure.
[0016] In one embodiment, the blade arrangement preferably includes
a plurality of beams which are longitudinally spaced in said
generally helical fashion along the shaft. In this embodiment, each
beam is preferably mounted on the shaft such that it is adjustably
rotatable around the rotational-axis of the shaft, to permit
adjustment of the pitch of the blade assembly. The blade
arrangement, in this embodiment, further preferably includes a web
or skin extending along the lengths of and connected to each pair
of adjacent beams, such that the blade arrangement, irrespective of
the pitch of each beam, is uninterrupted across its surface.
[0017] In another embodiment, if desired, the blade arrangement
preferably includes one or more continuous helical blades.
[0018] Preferably, the blade arrangement, when seen in side
elevation, tapers from the head end thereof to its tail end.
[0019] The power generator assembly preferably also includes an
elongated open-ended shroud extending between the head end and the
tail end of the blade assembly, the shroud being connected to and
surrounding the blade assembly, so that the shroud rotates with the
blade assembly in use. The shroud too thus has a head end and a
tail end. Preferably, the shroud is connected to the tip of each
blade of the blade arrangement, the connection between the shroud
and each blade being a substantially fluid impervious connection.
Likewise, in the embodiment where the blade arrangement includes a
plurality of beams and said webs or skins, a tip of each web or
skin is, preferably, also connected to the shroud. Preferably, the
connections between the webs or skins and the shroud are
substantially fluid impervious connections. In use, flowing fluid
interacting with the blade arrangement to rotate the power
generator assembly thus enters the shroud from its head end and
exits the shroud via its tail end.
[0020] Preferably, the shroud is of thin wall construction, and
converges along at least part of its length from its head end to
its tail end, said convergence corresponding to the tapering of the
blade assembly.
[0021] The shroud, preferably, is of multi-section or unitary
moulded construction, having a head end section via which a flowing
fluid enters the shroud, a tail end section via which flowing fluid
exits the shroud, and an elongated intermediate section extending
between the head end section and the tail end section, with the
intermediate section converging from the head end section towards
the tail end section. Advantageously, the head end section of the
shroud converges towards the intermediate section, and the tail end
section diverges away from the intermediate section, such that the
shroud is generally in the form of a converging-diverging venturi
having a converging elongated throat defined by the intermediate
section.
[0022] Preferably, the shroud has a circular cross-sectional
profile, and the head end section of the shroud is flared in bell
mouth fashion. More preferably, both of the head end section and
the tail end section of the shroud are flared in bell mouth
fashion.
[0023] Each mounting formation preferably includes a bearing
element connected to an end section of the shaft, the bearing
elements in use being mounted on an anchored support structure,
such that the power generator assembly rotates relative to the
support structure.
[0024] The electrical power generator is preferably in the form of
a dynamo or alternator mounted on an end section of the shaft of
the blade assembly and anchored to the support structure.
[0025] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a power
generator for using kinetic energy from a flowing fluid to generate
power, the power generator including:
[0026] a blade assembly having a head end for facing oncoming
flowing fluid, a tail end spaced from the head end for facing in
the direction of flow of the fluid, and a rotational axis extending
between the head end and the tail end, the blade assembly including
a blade arrangement which includes a plurality of beams spaced
along the length of the rotational axis between the head end and
the tail end of the blade assembly, and at least one mounting
formation connected to the blade arrangement, each mounting
formation being adapted to permit mounting of the blade assembly
for rotation about its rotational axis, so that in use fluid
flowing past the power generator assembly interacts with the blade
arrangement to rotate the blade assembly about its rotational axis;
and
[0027] a generator drivingly connected to the blade assembly for
generating power in response to rotation of the blade assembly.
[0028] In one form, the power generator is an electrical power
generator and includes a electrical generator drivingly connected
to the blade assembly.
[0029] In another form, the power generator is a hydraulic power
generator and includes a hydraulic generator drivingly connected to
the blade assembly. Preferably, the hydraulic generator is in turn
connected to an electric generator.
[0030] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a
propulsion or pump device adapted to eject a fluid, the propulsion
device including:
[0031] a blade assembly having a head end for fluid inlet, a tail
end spaced from the head end and facing in the direction of fluid
outlet, and a rotational axis extending between the head end and
the tail end, the blade assembly including a blade arrangement
which includes a plurality of beams spaced along the length of the
rotational axis between the head end and the tail end of the blade
assembly, and at least one mounting formation connected to the
blade arrangement, each mounting formation being adapted to permit
mounting of the blade assembly for rotation about its rotational
axis, so that in use fluid drawn past the propulsion device
interacts with the blade arrangement during rotation of the blade
assembly about its rotational axis; and
[0032] a motor drivingly connected to the blade assembly for
rotating the blade assembly to cause fluid flow from the tail end
section.
[0033] The beams of the blade assembly are preferably arranged in
generally helical fashion about the rotation axis.
[0034] Preferably, the features or components of the power
generator according to this aspect of the invention, are similar to
those of the power generator according to the preceding aspect of
the invention, when the blade arrangement of such power generator
includes a plurality of beams.
[0035] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides an
electrical power generator installation, the installation
including:
[0036] an electrical power generator assembly as hereinbefore
described; and
[0037] a support structure, the power generator assembly being
mounted, by means of each mounting formation thereof, on the
support structure for rotation of the power generator assembly
about the rotational axis of its blade arrangement.
[0038] In the case of tidal energy or ocean stream power
generation, the power generator will be submerged in the ocean. In
the case of river flow power generation, the power generator will
be mounted in a river or flowing stream. In the case where the
flowing fluid with which the power generator is associated is wind,
the power generator will be located in an open area where it will
be exposed to flow of air when the wind blows.
[0039] In one embodiment, the support structure includes a network
of flexible elements, for example (heavy) chains or cables. The
network of flexible elements are, preferably, arranged such that
the generator can be aligned with the head end thereof facing
oncoming flowing fluid, preferably so that it aligns itself in
accordance with the direction of flow of the fluid. In this
embodiment, the network of flexible elements can, preferably, be
arranged such that the electrical power generator assembly is
mounted thereon in the general fashion of a windsock. In another
embodiment, the support structure is a rigid structure including a
network of rigid elements.
[0040] In a further variation, the power generator assembly
includes a stator in front of the shroud, most preferably adjacent
the shroud head end section. The stator preferably includes one or
more blades of adjustable pitch.
[0041] In a yet variation, the power generator assembly includes a
slotted ejector arrangement behind the shroud, most preferably
adjacent the shroud tail end section. In one form, the slotted
ejector arrangement is connected to, and rotates with, the shroud.
In another form, the slotted ejector arrangement is connected to
the support structure and does not rotate with the shroud. In one
embodiment, the slotted ejector arrangement includes a plurality of
spaced apart tubular sections, and most preferably diverges
diametrically away from the shroud. In another embodiment, the
slotted ejector arrangement is of unitary construction, with a
helical slot therein, and preferably diverges diametrically away
from the shroud.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be
described, by way of examples only, with reference to the
accompanying drawings wherein:
[0043] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view of a first
embodiment of a power generator;
[0044] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of a second
embodiment of a power generator;
[0045] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of a third
embodiment of a power generator;
[0046] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross sectional view of a fourth
embodiment of a power generator;
[0047] FIG. 5 is a schematic cross sectional view of a fifth
embodiment of a power generator;
[0048] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the blade assembly of the
power generators shown in FIGS. 1 and 3;
[0049] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of a
power generator; and
[0050] FIG. 8 is a schematic cross sectional view of a seventh
embodiment of a power generator.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0051] FIG. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of an
electrical power generator assembly 10a, which is driven by the
kinetic energy of a flowing fluid 12, such as a tidal current,
ocean stream, river flow or wind, to generate electrical power. The
generator assembly 10a includes a blade assembly 14 with a head end
16 facing the oncoming flow of the fluid 12 and a tail end 18,
spaced from the head end 16, which faces in the direction of the
flow of the fluid 12.
[0052] The blade assembly 14 has a rotational axis 20 extending
between the head end 16 and the tail end 18. The blade assembly 14
also has a blade arrangement, in the form of a series of
independent beams 22 which are arranged in a generally helical
fashion about the rotational axis 20. The blade assembly 14 also
includes a mounting formation in the form of a shaft 24 supported
by head end bearings 26 and tail end bearings 28. The shaft 24 is
connected to an electrical generator 30 via a seal 32. The
generator 30 is contained within a housing 34. Stay cables 36 and
38 are attached to the housing 34 and the bearing 28 respectively,
which locate the assembly 10a and resist movement of the assembly
10a in the fluid flow 12.
[0053] The beams 22 are connected to the shaft 24 with sufficient
clearance so they can rotated about the axis 20 with respect to
each other. The beams 22 are held in place at the head end 16 of
the shaft 24 via a flange (not shown) and, at the tail end 18, the
shaft 24 is threaded and a nut (not shown) is tightened to apply
force along the shaft 24 and lock the beams 22 in place.
Optionally, a skin or web 40 can be wound around the beams 22, the
skin 40 being able to expand and contract with the changing pitch
of the beams 22.
[0054] The length of each of the beams 22 decreases as they wind
around the shaft 24 from the head end 16 to the tail end 18 within
a generally frusto-conical boundary 42.
[0055] In use, the blade assembly 14 is mounted within the fluid
flow 12 which imparts its energy to the skin 40 and beams 22. As
the fluid flow 12 applies a force to the beams 22, the beams 22
react by imparting a rotational force or torque to the shaft 24.
The rotation of the shaft 24 is transferred to the generator 30,
producing electricity. If desired, the electrical generator is
replaced with a hydraulic generator which produces hydraulic power.
The hydraulic power can be used to power, via undersea hydraulic
cables, an electrical generator on the shore.
[0056] In yet another form, the power generator 10a can be
configured to convert mechanical power from the blade assembly 14
into another form of energy to do useful work.
[0057] The beams 22 can also be configured to direct the fluid flow
12 radially inwards towards the shaft 24 in order to minimise fluid
escaping the boundary 42 of the housing. To do this, the beams 22,
when viewed in the direction of the axis 20, are twisted and
significantly curved inwards (in their direction of rotation) at
their ends to act like `cups` and direct the fluid flow towards the
axis 20. As the fluid flow 12 continues to flow through the blade
assembly 8, the cross sectional area of the flow decreases and its
pressure decreases. As its pressure decreases, the velocity of
fluid flow increases such that a maximum amount of energy is
transferred from the fluid flow 12 to the beams 22. As a result,
the generator assembly 10a behaves like a reaction turbine, which
are normally associated with medium head flows rather than zero
head free flows. As the velocity of the fluid flow 12 changes, the
rotational alignment (ie. pitch) of the beams 22 can be altered in
order to operate the generator assembly 10 at maximum efficiency or
power output. This advantageously allows the turbine efficiency and
power output to be significantly increased for a range of flow
velocities. The generator 30 can also include a gear box to change
its speed of rotation and increase its efficiency.
[0058] Optionally, the (tail end) stays 38 and the bearing 28 can
be removed which allows the blade assembly 14 to find an optimal
alignment in the fluid flow 12, in a similar manner to that of a
wind sock. In this configuration, the bearing 26 may be replaced
with a universal type joint, which connects the shaft 24 to the
generator 30. This allows the blade assembly 14 to act akin to a
kite and optimally align itself without transmitting large radial
forces to the generator 30.
[0059] FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of an electrical power
generator assembly 10b. The assembly 10b is similar to that shown
in FIG. 1 and like reference numerals to those used in the first
embodiment shall be used to indicate like features in FIG. 2.
[0060] However, in the second embodiment, the blade assembly 14 is
in the form of a plurality, in this case a pair, of equiangularly
spaced helical blades 44. Other numbers of the equiangularly spaced
helical blades (eg. 3, 4 or 5 etc) can also be used. Further, the
(head end) stay cables 36 are connected to a vertical buoy cable 72
which extends between an anchor 74 secured to the seabed 76 and a
buoy 78 adjacent the ocean surface 80. If desired, the (tail end)
stay cables 38 and the bearing 28 can be removed so that the
assembly 10b finds its own optimal alignment in a manner of a wind
sock, as previously described.
[0061] In this embodiment, electricity from the generator 30 can be
transmitted to land via under sea electrical cables 82 which
preferably follow the lower part of buoy cable 72 to the anchor 74
and then run along the seabed 76 to shore.
[0062] Optionally, the generator 30 can be replaced with a motor
which applies torque to the shaft 24 which in turn produces
rotational motion of the helical blade 44 and provides a thrust in
the fluid from the tail end section 16 to propel a craft or pump
the fluid.
[0063] Optionally, the stay cables 36, 38 can be connected to a
suitable support structure installed in the ocean or,
alternatively, can be connected to a bridge or set of cables
spanning an ocean inlet or set of support structures. In a further
variation, a fly wheel (not shown), can be attached to the shaft 24
in order to store rotational energy and reduce fluctuations in
rotational power due to turbulence in the fluid flow 12. In this
configuration, the power generator assembly 10b may not be self
starting. If this is the case, the generator 30 can be used as a
motor to apply a torque to the shaft 24 in order to start the blade
assembly 14 rotating.
[0064] FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of an electrical power
generator assembly 10c. The assembly 10c is similar to those shown
in FIGS. 1 and 2 and like reference numerals to those used in
describing the first and second embodiments shall be used to
indicate like features in FIG. 3.
[0065] In the third embodiment, the assembly 10c is configured as a
turbine for converting fluid/hydro power into rotational power and
then electricity. More particularly, the blade assembly 14 is
housed within a generally frusto-conical shroud 50. The distal end
of the beams 22 each include a roller 52 which allows axial
rotation of each of the beams 22 with respect to each other to
occur inside the shroud 50 while still maintaining structural
integrity and adequate fluid sealing between the exterior of the
beams 22 and the interior of the shroud 50.
[0066] The shroud 50 is of multi section or unitary moulded
construction having a head end section 50a, via which the flowing
fluid 12 enters the shroud 50, a tail end section 50b, via which
the flowing fluid 12 exits the shroud 50, and an elongated
intermediate section 50c extending between the head end section 50a
and the tail end section 50b. The intermediate section 50c also
converges in diameter from the head end section 50a towards the
tail end section 50b. The head end section 50a of the shroud 50
also converges towards the intermediate section 50c and the tail
end section 50b diverges away from the intermediate section 50c
such that the shroud 50 is generally in the form of a
converging-diverging venturi having a converging elongated throat
defined by the intermediate section 50c. At all points along its
length, the shroud 50 has a circular cross-sectional profile. The
shroud head end section 50a, being shaped as a venturi, produces an
area of low pressure behind the blade assembly 14 which
advantageously results in a much freer flow of fluid through and
exiting the shroud 50. Further, as the shroud 50 is bonded to the
blades 22, the shroud 50 rotates in conjunction with the blades 22
and the rotational motion of the shroud 50 induces a swirl or
vortex in front of the shroud 50. This vortex is advantageous as it
models a whirlpool (as found in nature) and sucks additional fluid
into the blade assembly 14 than would otherwise pass through it.
The shroud 50 can also be of unitary moulded construction, for
increased strength.
[0067] The shaft 24 in this embodiment is surrounded by a long
helical spring 54 which serves to maintain the pitch position of
each of the beams 22 whilst keeping a consistent helical (screw)
shape in the overall blade assembly 14. The tail end of the spring
54 is attached to the shaft 24 by a spring locking clamp 56. By
securing one end of the spring 54 using the clamp 56, and applying
a torque to the spring 54, the spring 54 changes shape such that
each of the beams 22 will uniformly rotate about the axis 20 with
respect to each other and subsequently change the pitch of the
blade assembly 14. To apply such a torque, the spring 54 is
attached to a disc 58 which can be held rotationally secure by
brake pads 60, which are secured to the generator housing 34.
During manufacture, the spring 54 is installed with zero torque in
its neutral position with the beams 22 in the centre of their pitch
adjustment. In normal operation, the pitch of the spring 54 is
secured by a disc lock 62 attached to the shaft 24, such that the
disc 58 and spring 54 rotate together with the shaft 24. To
increase the pitch of the blades 22, the disc lock 62 is disengaged
and the generator 30 receives power, from an electrical cable 64,
such that it becomes a motor. In this form, the generator can apply
torque to the shaft 24 in a direction to reduce spring tension
which has the affect of increasing the pitch in the spring 54 while
the disc pads 60 are tightened so that the disc 58 cannot rotate.
The shaft 24 rotates whilst the spring 54 is held secure and it
increases its pitch which subsequently axially rotates the beams 22
with respect to each other and increases the pitch of the blade
assembly 14.
[0068] To reduce the pitch of the beams 22, the disc lock 62 is
disengaged and the generator 30 is powered to apply torque to the
shaft 24 in the direction to increase spring tension and
subsequently reduce the pitch in the spring 54, while the brake
pads 60 are applied to prevent rotation of the disc 58. The shaft
24 rotates whilst the spring 54 is held secure and it reduces its
pitch, which subsequently rotates the beams 22 about their
longitudinal axes with respect and reduces the pitch of the blade
assembly 14.
[0069] The assembly 10c also includes a fly wheel 64 attached to
the shaft 24 in order to store rotational energy and reduce
fluctuations in rotational power due to turbulence in the fluid
flow 12. Alternatively, a separate motor and gear can be installed
inside the generator housing 34, in communication with the shaft
24, which can apply torque to the shaft 24 to change the pitch of
the spring 54, and thus change the pitch of the blade assembly 14.
This allows the pitch of the blade assembly 14 to be changed during
normal operation of the generator assembly 10c.
[0070] FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of an electrical power
generator assembly 10d. Once again, like features to those
described with reference to earlier embodiments are denoted with
like reference numerals.
[0071] The assembly 10d has a plurality, in this case, a pair, of
equiangularly spaced helical blades 44, similar to that shown in
FIG. 2, and a shroud 50, similar to that shown in FIG. 3. Other
numbers of the equiangularly spaced helical blades (eg. 3, 4 or 5
etc) can also be used. The blades 44 reduce in diameter as they
wind around the shaft 24 from the head end 16 to the tail end 18
following the internal dimension of the shroud 50. The distal ends
of the blades 44 are also bonded to the interior surface of the
shroud 50. As a result, in use, the shroud 50 rotates with the
blades 44, which creates a vortex in front of the shroud 50. Vanes
90 may be installed on the leading edge of the shroud head end
section 50a in order to further increase the vortex induced in
front of the shroud 50. This vortex is further aided by the
increased velocity of the tips of the blades 44 at the entry of the
head end 16 of the blade assembly 14 in creating suction pressure
at the head end 16 of the shroud 50. The combination of decreased
pressure inside the shroud 50; decreased pressure behind the shroud
50; the rotating shroud 50 inducing a vortex in front of the blade
assembly 14; the flow vanes inducing a vortex in front of the blade
assembly 14; and the smaller pitch of the blades at the entry of
the blade assembly 14 results in substantially more fluid being
sucked into the blade assembly 14 than would otherwise occur. The
increased fluid passing through the blade assembly 14 dramatically
increases the power output of the assembly 10d.
[0072] FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of an electric power
generator assembly 10e. Like features to those described with
reference to earlier embodiments are again denoted with like
reference numerals.
[0073] In the assembly 10e, a stator 100 is positioned just in
front of the shroud 50. The stator 100 acts to condition the flow
entering the blade 44. The stator 100 is connected to the housing
34 and has blades which are rotatable about their longitudinal axes
in order to adjust their pitch.
[0074] In use, the fluid flow 12 enters the blades of the dynamic
stator 100, which are at so an angle to the fluid flow 12, and the
stator 100 imparts a rotational or swirl motion to the fluid flow
12, adding an angular momentum component, preferably in the
direction of rotation of the blade assembly 14. The fluid flow 12
then enters the blade assembly 14 and imparts its energy to the
blade assembly 14 in the manner previously described. The power and
efficiency of the assembly 10e is advantageously increased since
not only the linear momentum of the fluid used to apply force to
the blades but also the angular momentum. Additionally, with the
angular momentum component, the fluid flow 12 exiting the blade
assembly 14 has minimal wake rotation reducing losses due to
turbulence, which improves overall power and efficiency. The pitch
on the stator blades can be adjusted to vary the amount of angular
momentum induced and therefore the power output. The pitch can also
be reversed to throttle or slow the turbine for safety reasons.
[0075] The assembly 10e also includes a slotted ejector arrangement
102 at the exit (ie. tail end section 50b) of the shroud 50. The
slotted ejector arrangement 102 rotates with the shroud 50. The
gaps 104 between spaced apart sections 106 of the slotted ejector
arrangement 102 allow fluid flowing around the exterior of the
assembly 10e to effectively inject, as shown by arrows 108, into
the fluid flow leaving the shroud. The effect of this additional
fluid 108 is it induces a scavenging effect and increases the
energy of the fluid leaving the shroud and causes more fluid to
pass through the interior of the shroud 50, thereby improving the
efficiency and power output of the assembly 10e.
[0076] Alternatively, the slotted ejector arrangement 102 can be
mounted to the generator housing 34 and not rotate with the shroud
50.
[0077] FIG. 6 shows the blade assembly 14 used in the generator
assemblies 10a and 10c shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 respectively.
[0078] FIG. 7 shows a sixth embodiment of electrical power
generator assembly 10f which includes two of the assemblies 10e
shown in FIG. 5. The blade assemblies 14 in the two assemblies 10e
are configured to rotate in opposite directions, as indicated by
arrows 110, such that the reactive torque imparted to the two
generators 30 is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction and
is effectively cancelled. As a result, the reactive torque
transmitted into the stay cables 36 is minimised and the overall
assemblies 10e advantageously do not try and rotate inside their
mountings or through the cable 36.
[0079] FIG. 8 shows a seventh embodiment of electrical power
generator assembly 10g. The assembly 10g is similar to that shown
in FIG. 6 except the slotted ejector arrangement is of unitary
construction with a single helical slot forming the gaps 104
between the sections 106. It should be noted that the length of the
slotted ejector 10g can be adjusted to change the width of the
slots 104 to vary the effect of injection and power output. For
example, the power generator may be installed with a long slotted
ejector in slow flows to draw more water through and increase power
output. In fast currents, a shorter slotted ejector may be
utilised. Note also that the helical slotted ejector can be
constructed from an elastic material such as aluminium so it can
vary its shape depending on the force applied to it from the
strength of the water flow.
[0080] Although the invention has been described with reference to
preferred, embodiments, it would be appreciated by persons skilled
in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms.
For example, the generator can be replaced with a motor which
rotates the blade assemblies 14 and allows the assemblies 10 to act
as propulsion devices or fluid pumps. In another example, the
generator can be produced of strong, lightweight material and
effectively used as a `kite` in the wind. There are numerous
options for the kite to power a generator such as a helium balloon
buoying the weight of the generator and the kite providing
mechanical power for the generator to produce electricity.
* * * * *