U.S. patent application number 14/065172 was filed with the patent office on 2014-02-20 for system for arranging and coupling battery cells in a battery module.
This patent application is currently assigned to Johnson Controls Advanced Power Solutions LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is Johnson Controls Advanced Power Solutions LLC. Invention is credited to Jason D. FUHR, Gary P. HOUCHIN-MILLER, Dale B. TRESTER, Steven J. WOOD.
Application Number | 20140050967 14/065172 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40955419 |
Filed Date | 2014-02-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140050967 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
FUHR; Jason D. ; et
al. |
February 20, 2014 |
SYSTEM FOR ARRANGING AND COUPLING BATTERY CELLS IN A BATTERY
MODULE
Abstract
A battery module includes a plurality of battery cells disposed
in at least two rows. The battery cells in adjacent rows are offset
from each other. Each of the plurality of battery cells includes a
cover and a first terminal that extends from the cover outward. The
first terminal is configured to be coupled to a second terminal on
an adjacent battery cell. The plurality of battery cells are
electrically coupled to each other in a zigzag pattern via the
first and second terminals.
Inventors: |
FUHR; Jason D.; (Sussex,
WI) ; WOOD; Steven J.; (Shorewood, WI) ;
TRESTER; Dale B.; (Milwaukee, WI) ; HOUCHIN-MILLER;
Gary P.; (Milwaukee, WI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Johnson Controls Advanced Power Solutions LLC |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Johnson Controls Advanced Power
Solutions LLC
Wilmington
DE
|
Family ID: |
40955419 |
Appl. No.: |
14/065172 |
Filed: |
October 28, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12368938 |
Feb 10, 2009 |
8568915 |
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14065172 |
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PCT/US2007/017785 |
Aug 10, 2007 |
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12368938 |
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61101985 |
Oct 1, 2008 |
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61146994 |
Jan 23, 2009 |
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60857345 |
Nov 7, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
429/158 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60L 50/66 20190201;
H01M 2/024 20130101; Y02E 60/10 20130101; B60L 2200/18 20130101;
H01M 2/1077 20130101; Y02P 70/50 20151101; Y10T 29/49108 20150115;
B60L 50/64 20190201; B60L 2200/32 20130101; Y02E 60/122 20130101;
Y02T 10/70 20130101; H01M 2/12 20130101; Y02T 10/705 20130101; H01M
2/043 20130101; H01M 2/305 20130101; B60L 2200/12 20130101; H01M
10/0525 20130101; Y02T 10/7011 20130101; H01M 2220/20 20130101;
Y02P 70/54 20151101; H01M 2/206 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
429/158 |
International
Class: |
H01M 2/30 20060101
H01M002/30 |
Claims
1. A battery module, comprising: a plurality of battery cells
electrically coupled between a first terminal connection and a
second terminal connection of the battery module and disposed in a
first row, a second row, and a third row, wherein the second row is
disposed between and adjacent to the first and third rows, and
wherein the battery cells in the second row are offset relative to
the battery cells in the first and third rows; wherein the
plurality of battery cells comprises a first end battery cell
electrically coupled to the first terminal connection, a second end
battery cell electrically coupled to the second terminal
connection, and intermediate battery cells electrically coupled to
each other between the first and second end battery cells; wherein
each intermediate battery cell in the first row is electrically
coupled to an adjacent battery cell in the first row and to a
battery cell in the second row, each intermediate battery cell in
the second row is electrically coupled to a battery cell in the
first row and to a battery cell in the third row, and each
intermediate battery cell in the third row is electrically coupled
to a battery cell in the second row and to an adjacent battery cell
in the third row.
2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of
battery cells comprises a cover and an integrally formed first
terminal that extends from the cover outward, wherein the first
terminal is configured to be coupled to a second terminal on an
adjacent battery cell or to a terminal connection of the battery
module.
3. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery
cells are cylindrical battery cells.
4. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery
cells comprise a total of twelve battery cells with four battery
cells in each of the first, second, and third rows.
5. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery
cells comprises a total of thirteen battery cells with four battery
cells in the first row, five battery cells in the second row, and
four battery cells in the third row.
6. The battery module of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of
battery cells comprises: a housing having a central longitudinal
axis; a cover coupled to the housing; a first flange integrally
formed with the cover and configured to act as a first terminal for
the battery cell, wherein the first flange comprises a first
portion that extends generally parallel to the central longitudinal
axis of the housing, and a second portion that extends outwardly
beyond the housing in a direction perpendicular to the central
longitudinal axis of the housing; and a second terminal extending
from the cover and electrically isolated from the first flange.
7. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the first end battery
cell and the second end battery cell are disposed in the same
row.
8. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the first end battery
cell is disposed in the second row and the second end battery cell
is disposed in the first row or the third row.
9. The battery module of claim 1, comprising a tray with alignment
features configured to align the plurality of battery cells and bus
bars for electrically coupling the battery cells in a desired
orientation relative to each other.
10. The battery module of claim 9, wherein the tray comprises
apertures formed therethrough, wherein the apertures are configured
to expose a connection point between the bus bars and the battery
cells to facilitate assembly of the battery module.
11. The battery module of claim 1, comprising a lower structure
configured to hold the plurality of battery cells therein, wherein
the lower structure comprises a chamber for receiving gases vented
from one or more of the plurality of battery cells.
12. The battery module of claim 1, wherein at least one of the
first terminal connection and the second terminal connection
comprise a connection between the plurality of battery cells in the
battery module and another plurality of battery cells disposed in
an adjacent battery module.
13. A battery module, comprising: a plurality of battery cells
disposed in at least two rows, wherein the battery cells in
adjacent rows are offset from one another; wherein each of the
plurality of battery cells comprises a cover, a first terminal, and
a second terminal, wherein the first terminal extends from the
cover outward in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis
of the battery cell and is coupled to a second terminal on an
adjacent battery cell; wherein the plurality of battery cells are
oriented such that the first terminals corresponding to each pair
of adjacent battery cells that are coupled together are offset by
an angle of either approximately 60 degrees or approximately 120
degrees.
14. The battery module of claim 13, wherein the first terminal of
each of the plurality of battery cells is integrally formed with
the corresponding cover.
15. The battery module of claim 13, wherein the plurality of
battery cells comprises twelve battery cells electrically coupled
together.
16. The battery module of claim 13, wherein the plurality of
battery cells comprises thirteen battery cells electrically coupled
together.
17. The battery module of claim 13, wherein the plurality of
battery cells are disposed in two rows and the first terminals
corresponding to every pair of adjacent battery cells that are
coupled together are offset by an angle of approximately 60
degrees.
18. The battery module of claim 13, wherein the plurality of
battery cells are disposed in three rows comprising a first row, a
second row, and a third row.
19. The battery module of claim 18, wherein the battery cells
disposed in the first row are electrically coupled between battery
cells in the first row and the second row, the battery cells
disposed in the second row are electrically coupled between battery
cells in the first row and the third row, and the battery cells
disposed in the third row are electrically coupled between battery
cells in the second row and the third row.
20. The battery module of claim 13, wherein the plurality of
battery cells comprises a first end battery cell at one end and a
second end battery cell at an opposite end, wherein the first and
second end battery cells are configured to be coupled to terminal
connections of the battery module.
21. The battery module of claim 20, wherein the terminal
connections of the battery module comprise connections to battery
cells disposed in adjacent battery modules within a battery
system.
22. A battery module, comprising: a plurality of battery cells
disposed in at least two rows, wherein the battery cells in
adjacent rows are offset from each other; wherein each of the
plurality of battery cells comprises a cover, a first terminal, and
a second terminal, wherein the first terminal extends from the
cover outward to be coupled to a second terminal on an adjacent
battery cell; wherein the plurality of battery cells are
electrically coupled to each other in a zigzag pattern via the
first and second terminals.
23. The battery module of claim 22, wherein the plurality of
battery cells are disposed in two rows, and wherein the plurality
of battery cells are electrically coupled in a zigzag pattern that
alternates between a battery cell in a first row and a battery cell
in a second row.
24. The battery module of claim 22, wherein the plurality of
battery cells are disposed in three rows, and wherein the plurality
of battery cells are electrically coupled in a zigzag pattern such
that: a battery cell in a first row is coupled between an adjacent
battery cell in the first row and a battery cell in the second row;
a battery cell in the second row is coupled between a battery cell
in the first row and a battery cell in the third row; and a battery
cell in the third row is coupled between a battery cell in the
second row and an adjacent battery cell in the third row.
25. The battery module of claim 22, wherein the first terminal of
each of the plurality of battery cells comprises a flange
integrally formed with the cover.
26. The battery module of claim 25, wherein the flange comprises a
first portion that extends generally parallel to the central
longitudinal axis of the housing, and a second portion that extends
outwardly beyond the housing in a direction perpendicular to the
central longitudinal axis of the housing.
27. The battery module of claim 22, wherein the plurality of
battery cells comprises twelve or thirteen cylindrical battery
cells.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This Application is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 12/368,938 filed Feb. 10, 2009, which claims
benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
61/101,985, filed Oct. 1, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/146,994, filed Jan. 23, 2009, and is also a
Continuation-In-Part of International Application no.
PCT/US2007/017785 filed Aug. 10, 2007, which claims the priority to
U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/857,345, filed Aug. 11,
2006, all of which are incorporated by reference in their
entireties for all purposes.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of batteries and
battery systems. More specifically, the present disclosure relates
to integrally formed terminals for batteries or cells (e.g.,
lithium-ion batteries).
[0003] It is known to provide batteries or cells for use in
vehicles such as automobiles. For example, lead-acid batteries have
been used in starting, lighting, and ignition applications. More
recently, hybrid electric vehicles are being developed which
utilize a battery (e.g., a lithium-ion or nickel-metal-hydride
battery) in combination with other systems (e.g., an internal
combustion engine) to provide power for the vehicle.
[0004] It is known that a battery generally includes two terminals
(e.g., a positive terminal and a negative terminal, etc.) through
which the battery is electrically connected to other batteries or
other components. A battery may have terminals that protrude from
the battery surface and/or have a casing that acts as a terminal
These terminals are provided as separate elements that are coupled
to the battery (e.g., by welding to a battery cover). This adds an
additional step to the manufacturing process, as well as increased
cost. The integrity of this weld or other coupling mechanism may
present issues over the life of the battery.
[0005] Battery systems or assemblies include a number of batteries
or cells electrically coupled to each other and/or to other
elements of the system. Such cells are conventionally coupled
together using conductive members (e.g., bus bars). Such conductive
members may be welded to the terminals of the batteries or secured
using fasteners. It would be advantageous to eliminate the need for
such conductive members to remove the additional cost and
manufacturing time associated with such components (e.g., to reduce
the number of parts in the battery system and to eliminate the need
to handle and assemble the components during manufacturing).
[0006] Accordingly, it would be advantageous to provide a battery
that includes one or more terminals that are integrally formed with
the body or cover of the battery. It would also be advantageous to
configure the terminals so they can be directly coupled to
terminals of adjacent batteries.
SUMMARY
[0007] Certain embodiments commensurate in scope with the
originally claimed subject matter are summarized below. These
embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure,
but rather these embodiments are intended only to provide a brief
summary of certain disclosed embodiments. Indeed, the present
disclosure may encompass a variety of forms that may be similar to
or different from the embodiments set forth below.
[0008] One embodiment relates to a battery including a housing
having a central longitudinal axis. The battery also includes a
cover coupled to the housing and a first flange integrally formed
with the cover. The first flange is configured to act as a first
terminal for the battery. At least a portion of the first flange
extends away from the housing in a direction generally
perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis. The first flange is
configured for electrical coupling with a terminal of an adjacent
battery in a battery system.
[0009] Another embodiment relates to a battery module including a
plurality of electrochemical cells. Each of the cells comprise a
housing having a longitudinal axis and a lid coupled to the
housing. The lid comprises a member configured to act as a first
terminal for the cell. At least a portion of the member extends
away from the housing in a direction generally perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis. The member is conductively coupled to a terminal
of an adjacent cell.
[0010] Another embodiment relates to a method of producing a
battery module including providing a plurality of electrochemical
cells. Each of the cells comprises a housing having a longitudinal
axis and a cover coupled to the housing at a first end of the cell.
The cover comprises a member configured to act as a first terminal
for the cell. At least a portion of the member extends away from
the housing in a direction generally perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis. The method also includes coupling the member of
one of the plurality of cells to a terminal of an adjacent
cell.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0011] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the
present disclosure will become better understood when the following
detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying
drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout
the drawings, wherein:
[0012] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle having a battery
system according to an embodiment;
[0013] FIG. 1A is a schematic cutaway view of a hybrid electric
vehicle according to an embodiment;
[0014] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a battery system according
to an embodiment;
[0015] FIG. 2A is a cutaway perspective view of a battery system
according to an embodiment;
[0016] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a battery or cell according
to an embodiment;
[0017] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the battery of FIG. 3
according to an embodiment;
[0018] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a cover for a battery
according to an embodiment;
[0019] FIG. 6 is a top view of the cover of FIG. 5 according to an
embodiment;
[0020] FIG. 7 is a cross-section view of the cover of FIG. 6 taken
along line 7-7 according to an embodiment;
[0021] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a battery according to an
embodiment;
[0022] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the cover of the battery of
FIG. 8 according to an embodiment;
[0023] FIG. 10 is a view of multiple batteries connected together
according to an embodiment;
[0024] FIGS. 11A-11G are views of a battery according to various
embodiments;
[0025] FIG. 12 is an exploded view of a battery according to an
embodiment;
[0026] FIG. 13 is an exploded view of a battery according to an
embodiment;
[0027] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a first electrochemical
cell coupled to a second electrochemical cell with a bus bar
according to an embodiment;
[0028] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a bus bar coupled to a
terminal of an adjacent electrochemical cell according to an
embodiment;
[0029] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a portion of a battery
module having a first electrochemical cell coupled to a second
electrochemical cell with the bus bar as shown in FIG. 15 according
to an embodiment;
[0030] FIG. 17 is a cutaway perspective view of a portion of an
electrochemical cell shown without electrodes according to an
embodiment;
[0031] FIG. 18 is an exploded view of the electrochemical cell as
shown in FIG. 17 according to an embodiment;
[0032] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a lid having an integral
bus bar coupled to a terminal according to an embodiment;
[0033] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the lid as shown in FIG. 19
according to an embodiment;
[0034] FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a battery module according
to an embodiment;
[0035] FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the battery module as shown
in FIG. 21 with an upper tray removed according to an
embodiment;
[0036] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a plurality of
electrochemical cells provided in an upper tray according to an
embodiment;
[0037] FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a plurality of
electrochemical cells provided in an upper tray according to an
embodiment;
[0038] FIG. 25 is a top view of the upper tray as shown in FIG. 21
according to an embodiment;
[0039] FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the upper tray as shown in
FIG. 21 according to an embodiment;
[0040] FIG. 27 is a bottom view of the upper tray as shown in FIG.
21 according to an embodiment;
[0041] FIG. 28 is a bottom perspective view of the upper tray as
shown in FIG. 21 according to an embodiment;
[0042] FIG. 29 is a top view of an arrangement of battery cells in
a battery module according to an embodiment;
[0043] FIG. 30 is a top view of another arrangement of battery
cells in a battery module according to an embodiment; and
[0044] FIG. 31 is a top view of another embodiment of battery cells
in a battery module according to an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] Referring to FIG. 1, a vehicle 12 is shown according to an
embodiment and includes a battery system 14. The size, shape,
configuration, and location of battery system 14 and the type of
vehicle 12 may vary according to various embodiments. For example,
while vehicle 12 in FIG. 1 is shown as an automobile, according to
various embodiments, vehicle 12 may comprise a wide variety of
differing types of vehicles including, among others, motorcycles,
buses, recreational vehicles, boats, and the like. According to an
embodiment, vehicle 12 has a battery system 14 for providing all or
a portion of the motive power for the vehicle 12. Such a vehicle
can be an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), or other type of vehicle
using electric power for propulsion (collectively referred to as
"electric vehicles").
[0046] Although the battery system 14 is illustrated in FIG. 1 as
being positioned in the trunk or rear of the vehicle 12, according
to other embodiments, the location of the battery system 14 may
differ. For example, the position of the battery system 14 may be
selected based on the available space within the vehicle 12, the
desired weight balance of the vehicle 12, the location of other
components used with the battery system 14 (e.g., battery
management systems, vents or cooling devices, etc.), and a variety
of other considerations.
[0047] FIG. 1A illustrates a cutaway schematic view of a vehicle
100 provided in the form of a PHEV according to an embodiment. A
battery system 102 is provided toward the rear of the vehicle 100
proximate to a fuel tank 104 (battery system 102 may be provided
immediately adjacent to the fuel tank 104 or may be provided in a
separate compartment in the rear of the vehicle 100 (e.g., a trunk)
or may be provided elsewhere in the vehicle 100). An internal
combustion engine 106 is provided for times when the vehicle 100
utilizes gasoline power to propel itself. An electric motor 108, a
power split device 112, and a generator 114 are also provided as
part of the vehicle drive system of vehicle 100. The vehicle 100
may be powered or driven by just the battery system 102, by just
the engine 106, or by both the battery system 102 and the engine
106.
[0048] It should be noted that other types of vehicles and
configurations for the vehicle electrical system may be used
according to other embodiments, and that the schematic illustration
of FIG. 1A should not be considered to limit the scope of the
subject matter described in the present application.
[0049] Referring to FIG. 2, battery system 14 is shown according to
an embodiment. Battery system 14 includes a plurality of
electrochemical cells or batteries, shown as batteries 10 (e.g.,
lithium-ion batteries, NiMH batteries, lithium polymer batteries,
etc.). Batteries 10 may be positioned within a housing that may
include such features as a battery management system, a cooling
fan, plenum assembly, etc. Other configurations of battery system
14 may be used in accordance with various other embodiments.
[0050] Referring to FIG. 2A, a battery system 116 is shown
according to an embodiment and is responsible for packaging or
containing a battery module 117 containing electrochemical cells or
batteries 118, connecting the electrochemical cells 118 to each
other and/or to other components of the vehicle electrical system,
and regulating the electrochemical cells 118 and other features of
the battery system 116. For example, the battery system 116 may
include features that are responsible for monitoring and
controlling the electrical performance of the battery system 116,
managing the thermal behavior of the battery system 116,
containment and/or routing of effluent (e.g., gases that may be
vented from a cell 118), and other aspects of the battery system
116.
[0051] Referring to FIG. 2A, the battery module 117 includes a
plurality of electrochemical cells or batteries 118 (e.g.,
lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal-hydride cells, lithium polymer
cells, etc., or other types of electrochemical cells now known or
hereafter developed). According to an embodiment, the
electrochemical cells 118 are generally cylindrical lithium-ion
cells configured to store an electrical charge. According to other
embodiments, cells 118 could have other physical configurations
(e.g., oval, prismatic, polygonal, etc.). The capacity, size,
design, and other features of the cells 118 may also differ from
those shown according to other embodiments. According to an
embodiment, the cells 118 each have at least one terminal 119
located at an end thereof. According to another embodiment, the
cells each have two terminals 119 (e.g., a first or positive
terminal, and a second or negative terminal) located at an end
thereof.
[0052] According to various embodiments, the size, shape, and
location of the battery module 117 or battery system 116, the type
of vehicle 100, the type of vehicle technology (e.g., EV, HEV,
PHEV, etc.), and the battery chemistry, among other features, may
differ from those shown or described.
[0053] Although illustrated in FIG. 2A as having a particular
number of electrochemical cells 118, it should be noted that
according to other embodiments, a different number and/or
arrangement of electrochemical cells 118 may be used depending on
any of a variety of considerations (e.g., the desired power for the
battery system 116, the available space within which the battery
system 116 is designed to fit, etc.).
[0054] According to an embodiment, a series of members or elements
in the form of trays 140 or similar structures are provided to
contain the various cells 118 in relation to each other. The trays
140 may be made of a polymeric material or other suitable materials
(e.g., electrically insulative materials). The trays 140 may also
include features to provide spacing of the cells 118 away from the
surface of the trays 140 and/or from adjacent cells 118. A housing
or cover 142 and a base plate (not shown) may be provided to
partially or completely surround or enclose the cells 118 and trays
140.
[0055] While FIG. 2A shows an embodiment of a battery module 117,
it should be understood that the battery module 117 is not limited
to any particular arrangement as will be appreciated by those
reviewing this disclosure. For instance, while the battery module
117 shown in FIG. 2A is shown with horizontally oriented cells 118
arranged back-to-back in two banks or groups by parallel frame
members (i.e., trays 140), it should be understood that the battery
module 117 may have many different configurations. For example, the
cells 118 may also be generally vertical, be several separate
groups, or arranged in other configurations. Furthermore, different
numbers and types (e.g., nickel-metal-hydride, etc.) of cells 118
may be used. The cover 142 may include features (e.g., sidewalls,
etc.) that are intended to receive and arrange the cells 118.
[0056] Referring now to FIGS. 3-4, a battery or cell 10 is shown
according to an embodiment. Battery 10 is generally cylindrical and
comprises a container 20 (e.g., housing, casing, can, etc.), a
cover or lid 30 coupled to container 20, a member or element in the
form of an insulator 40 that separates container 20 and cover 30,
and one or more terminals 50. Container 20 is a generally hollow
body (e.g., can, cup, canister, etc.) made of aluminum or another
conductive material. Container 20 has provided therein electrodes
60 and an electrolyte (not shown) and may act as a terminal 50 for
battery 10. According to an embodiment, battery 10 is a lithium-ion
battery, although those reviewing this disclosure will recognize
that other types of batteries may also use features described
herein (e.g., nickel-metal-hydride batteries, lithium-polymer
batteries, etc.).
[0057] Cover 30 is a generally planar member or element (e.g., lid,
cap, top, etc) that encloses electrodes 60 and the electrolyte in
container 20 and is conductively separated from container 20 by
insulator 40. According to an embodiment, cover 30 is aluminum or
another suitable conductive material and is conductively coupled to
electrode 60 in battery 10.
[0058] Referring to FIGS. 5-7, according to an embodiment, terminal
50 is a protrusion or extension that is extruded, drawn, molded,
cast, or otherwise formed as an integral part of cover 30.
According to other embodiments, terminal 50 may be a variety of
shapes other than that shown in FIGS. 5-7 (e.g. cylindrical,
rectangular, trapezoidal, etc.) and may be provided in a variety of
positions (e.g., central, near the edge, etc.) and orientations.
According to still other embodiments, terminal 50 may be provided
on container 20 or terminals 50 may be provided both on container
20 and on cover 30. Terminal 50 may be further machined or shaped
to provide a feature for coupling terminal 50 to wires, sockets,
bus bars, or other components. It should be noted that terminal 50
can either follow the contour of the cover 30 or can be flattened
so that a standard spade connector can be placed flat on the
surface of the terminal 50 according to other embodiments.
[0059] Referring now to FIG. 8, a battery 110 is shown according to
an embodiment. Battery 110 is generally cylindrical and comprises a
container or housing 120 and a cover or lid 130 coupled to
container 120. Container 120 is a generally thin-walled hollow body
(e.g., a can, cup, canister, etc.) made of aluminum or another
conductive material and is conductively coupled to an electrode
(e.g., cathode or anode). Container 120 holds electrodes and an
electrolyte (not shown) and may act as a terminal for battery 110.
Container 120 includes a side wall 122 with a rim 123. Container
120 also includes a feature shown as a flange 124 (e.g., a tab,
flap, projection, extension, protrusion, projection, lip, overhang,
protuberance, etc.).
[0060] Flange 124 is a generally flat member (e.g., a tab, flap,
projection, extension, protrusion, projection, lip, overhang,
protuberance, etc.) that is integrally formed with side wall 122
and extends upward past rim 123. Flange 124 may be bent and have a
vertical portion 126 and a horizontal portion 128 that extends
beyond side wall 122 (e.g., in a direction generally perpendicular
to the axial or longitudinal direction for the cell). Flange 124 is
configured to engage flange 134 on cover 130 of an adjacent battery
110 (described in more detail below with respect to FIG. 10).
[0061] Cover 130, as shown in FIG. 9, is a generally flat body
(e.g., lid, cap, top, etc.) that encloses electrodes and
electrolyte in container 120 and is conductively separated from
container 120 with an insulator (not shown). According to an
embodiment, cover 130 is aluminum or another suitable conductive
material and is conductively coupled to an electrode in battery
110. Cover 130 comprises a generally flat, circular surface or body
132, and a generally vertical side wall 133 that extends upward
from and substantially perpendicular to surface 132. Side wall 133
is a curved feature that substantially follows the contour of side
wall 122 of container 120 and has an outer diameter less than the
inner diameter of side wall 122. Cover 130 is configured to fit
inside the open end of container 120. Cover 130 also includes a
feature shown as flange 134.
[0062] Flange 134 is a generally flat member (e.g., tab, flap,
projection, extension, etc.) that is integrally formed with side
wall 133 and extends upward therefrom. Flange 134 may be bent and
have a vertical portion 136 and a horizontal portion 138 that
extends outward past side wall 133 in a direction generally
opposite horizontal portion 128 of flange 124.
[0063] Referring now to FIG. 10, a plurality of batteries 110 are
shown connected in series to form a portion of a battery module or
battery system. According to an embodiment, vertical portion 136 of
flange 134 on cover 130 is longer than vertical portion 126 of
flange 124 on container 120. When a first battery 110 is coupled to
a second battery 110 (e.g., by welding), horizontal portion 138 of
flange 134 on one battery 110 rests on horizontal portion 128 of
flange 124 on another battery 110. According to an embodiment,
flanges 124, 134 are welded together. According to other
embodiments, flanges 124, 134 may be coupled in another suitable
manner, either permanently or temporarily (e.g., bolted, riveted,
crimped, clamped, etc.). Flanges 124, 134 may act as terminals that
can directly and conductively couple two batteries together,
eliminating the need for a separate member to conductively couple
the batteries.
[0064] Referring now to FIGS. 11A-11G, a number of batteries are
shown according to various embodiments. Each battery comprises a
first terminal and a second terminal According to the various
embodiments, one or both of the terminals may be integrally formed
as a part of the cover and/or container of the battery. FIG. 11A
illustrates a battery 210 with terminals 220, 230 that are located
on the same end of battery 210 and are substantially smooth pins.
FIG. 11B illustrates a battery 310 with a first terminal 320 on one
end and a second terminal 330 on an opposite end. According to an
embodiment, terminals 320, 330 are substantially smooth pins.
[0065] FIG. 11C shows an embodiment of a battery 410 with terminals
420, 430 that are located on the same end of battery 410 and are
generally thin flat members (e.g., blades). According to an
embodiment, terminals 420, 430 are generally parallel. According to
other embodiments, terminals 420, 430 may be at some other angle
relative to each other (e.g., perpendicular to each other as in
FIG. 11D).
[0066] FIG. 11E shows an embodiment of a battery 510 with a first
terminal 520 on one end and a second terminal 530 on an opposite
end. Terminals 520, 530 are generally thin flat members (e.g.
blades).
[0067] FIG. 11F shows an embodiment of a battery 610 with terminals
620, 630 that are located on the same end of battery 610 and are
generally thin flat members bent into a generally L-shaped profile.
According to an embodiment, first terminal 620 and second terminal
630 are bent such that the horizontal portions of terminals 620,
630 extend toward and beyond the periphery of battery 610. First
terminal 620 and second terminal 630 are configured to have
horizontal portions of slightly different lengths such that first
terminal 620 on one battery 610 may rest on second terminal 630 of
an adjacent battery 610.
[0068] FIG. 11G shows an embodiment of a battery 710 with a first
terminal 720 on one end and a second terminal 730 on an opposite
end. Terminals 720, 730 are generally thin flat members bent into a
generally L-shape profile. According to an embodiment, terminals
720, 730 are bent such that the horizontal portions of terminals
720, 730 extend in the same direction. According to other
embodiments, terminals 720, 730 may be bent in opposite directions
or may extend at some other angle relative to each other.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 12, a battery 810 is shown according to an
embodiment and includes a top portion, or cover 830, a bottom
portion, or container 820, and a seal portion 860. According to an
embodiment, cover 830 is provided with raised portions or terminals
840, 850 that may act as positive and/or negative terminals for
battery 810. Terminals 840, 850 may be integrally formed with cover
830 (e.g., not welded) so as to reduce manufacturing costs and the
number of component parts associated with battery 810.
[0070] As shown in FIG. 12, seal 860 may be applied around the
upper portion of container 820. According to an embodiment, seal
860 comprises a polymer material such as a polyethylene, etc.
According to various embodiments, other materials may be used to
make seal 860. Seal 860 may be provided in a tape or strip form and
wrapped around container 820 as shown in FIG. 12 and, in some
instances, held in place with an adhesive (e.g., either as an
integral part of seal 860 or as a separately provided
component).
[0071] According to an embodiment, in order to attach cover 830 to
container 820, cover 830 is first heated to expand the inside
diameter of cover 830. While in the expanded condition, cover 830
is fitted over container 820 and seal 860 such that the heat from
cover 830 at least partially melts seal 860, thereby helping to
seal cover 830 to container 820. As cover 830 is allowed to cool,
cover 830 contracts while positioned over container 820, forming a
tight, sealed joint between cover 830 and container 820.
[0072] According to an embodiment, the inside diameter of cover 830
is approximately the same as the outside diameter of container 820,
thereby providing a secure fit between cover 830 and container 820
after coupling of cover 830 to housing 820. According to various
embodiments, the dimensions of cover 830 and/or container 820 may
be varied to provide a more or less snug fit for various
applications. Furthermore, seal 860 may be provided on cover 830
rather than container 820.
[0073] According to an embodiment, seal 860 is configured to act as
a vent for battery 810. For example, seal 860 may deteriorate
(e.g., melt, etc.) as a result of the pressure and/or temperature
within battery 810 reaching a predetermined level, thereby
permitting pressurized gases or other fluids to escape from within
battery 810. This provides for a method of venting battery 810 that
avoids the expense and time of manufacturing and assembling
separate components to provide for venting of battery 810.
[0074] As shown in FIG. 12, battery 810 is provided as a generally
cylindrical battery having a generally circular cross-section.
Terminals 840, 850 shown in FIG. 12 are integrally formed with
cover 830. Cover 830 may be either conductively coupled to or
insulated from container 820. According to various other
embodiments, battery 810 may take other shapes and forms, and
terminals 840, 850 may be provided as integrally formed terminals
in a variety of locations.
[0075] Referring now to FIG. 13, a battery 910 is shown according
to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, battery 910 includes a cover
930 and a container 920. According to an embodiment, container 920
includes terminals 940, 950 that may be integrally formed with
container 920. A seal 960 that may be similar to seal 860 discussed
with respect to FIG. 12 is provided around the lower portion of
container 920 to seal cover 930 to container 920 in a manner
similar to that discussed with respect to FIG. 12.
[0076] According to an embodiment, battery 910 is similar to
battery 810 and may be manufactured and assembled in a similar
manner except that terminals 940, 950 are integrally formed with
container 920 (rather than with cover 930), and cover 930 is
intended to engage the bottom portion of container 920 (rather than
the top portion as shown in FIG. 12). Furthermore, battery 910 is
provided with an elongated (e.g., oval, etc.) cross-section, rather
than the generally circular cross-section of battery 810. According
to various other embodiments, other modifications may be made to
batteries 810, 910 in order to accommodate various specific
applications. For example, seals 860, 960 may be reinforced by
other methods of sealing (e.g., laser welding, sonic welding,
adhesives, etc.).
[0077] Referring now to FIG. 14, a method of connecting the
terminals 1012, 1014 of adjacent cells 1010 is shown according to
an embodiment. Each of the cells 1010 are electrically coupled to
one or more other cells 1010 or other components of the battery
system 116 (shown, e.g., in FIG. 2A) using connectors provided in
the form of bus bars 1016 or similar elements. For example, FIG. 14
shows two cells 1010 coupled together with a bus bar 1016 according
to an embodiment. A portion of the bus bar 1016 is shown as a
broken view to show the interface between the bus bar 1016 and the
terminal 1012. The bus bar 1016 is a metallic member (e.g., copper,
copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, etc.) that couples the
negative terminal 1014 of a first cell 1010 to the positive
terminal 1012 of a second cell 1010. The bus bar 1016 includes a
first end 1018 that is coupled to the negative terminal 1014 of the
first cell 1010 (e.g., by an interference fit, by welding, etc.)
and a second end 1020 that is coupled to the positive terminal 1012
of a second cell 1010 (e.g., by an interference fit, by welding
etc.).
[0078] The first end 1018 and the second end 1020 of the bus bar
1016 each include a projection 1022 (e.g., protruding ridge, lip,
flange, extension, etc.) that is configured to substantially
surround the terminal 1012, 1014 of a cell 1010. The projection
1022 may be cast or formed by a mechanical process such as a
stamping operation, a punching operation, or an extrusion
operation. The mechanical process causes the projection 1022 to
extend outward from the top surface 1024 of the bus bar 1016. The
projection 1022 forms a generally vertical wall 1026 that defines
an aperture 1028 that is configured to receive the terminal 1012,
1014 of the projection 1022.
[0079] According to an embodiment, the aperture 1028 has a diameter
that is smaller than the diameter of the terminal 1012, 1014 so
that the bus bar 1016 is coupled to the cell 1010 with an
interference fit when the terminal 1012, 1014 is received by the
aperture 1028. The bus bar 1016 is assembled with the cells 1010 by
first heating the bus bar 1016 (e.g., by induction heating, by an
oven, by a flame or heating element, etc.). According to an
embodiment, the heating of the bus bar 1016 occurs as part of an
assembly line process where the bus bars 1016 being are heated
(e.g., in an oven) in the assembly line and directly assembled with
the cells 1010.
[0080] According to an embodiment, the bus bar 1016 is heated to a
temperature sufficient to expand the material of the bus bar 1016,
widening the aperture 1028 formed by the projection 1022 and
allowing the terminal 1012, 1014 to be received by the aperture
1028 in the bus bar 1016. According to various embodiments, these
temperatures may vary depending on the material properties of the
bus bars 1016 (e.g., coefficient of thermal expansion). As the bus
bar 1016 cools, the diameter of the aperture 1028 shrinks, forming
an interference fit with the terminal 1012, 1016. An insulator 1132
(e.g., as shown in FIG. 15) may be provided below the bus bar 1016
and around the terminal 1012, 1014 to reduce the chance of
inadvertent contact between the bus bar 1016 and the lid or cover
1034 of the cell 1010.
[0081] The bus bar 1016 may be further coupled to the cell 1010
with a welding operation such as an ultrasonic welding operation, a
laser welding operation, or a resistance welding operation.
According to an another embodiment, the bus bar 1016 may be welded
to the terminals 1012, 1014 of the cells 1010 instead of being
provided with an interference fit and welded to the terminals 1012,
1014 of the cells 1010. According to an another embodiment, the bus
bar 1016 may be press fit to the terminals 1012, 1014 of the cells
1010 instead of being welded to the terminals 1012, 1014 of the
cells 1010.
[0082] FIGS. 15-16 show a bus bar 1116 according to another
embodiment coupled to a terminal 1112 of a cell 1110. A portion of
the bus bar 1116 is shown as a broken view to show the interface
between the bus bar 1116 and the terminal 1112. The bus bar 1116 is
a metallic member (e.g., copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum
alloy, etc.) that couples a first cell 1110 to a second cell (e.g.,
as shown in FIG. 16). The bus bar 1116 includes a first end 1118
that is coupled to a terminal 1112 of the first cell 1110 (e.g., by
an interference fit, by welding, etc.) and a second end 1120 that
is coupled to the housing 1136 of the second cell 1110 (e.g., by a
press fit, by an interference fit, by welding, etc.). The first end
1118 of the bus bar 1116 shown in FIG. 15 is similar to the first
end 1018 of the bus bar 1016 shown in FIG. 14. However, the second
end 1120 of the bus bar 1116 shown in FIG. 15 is configured to be
coupled to the housing 1136 of a second, adjacent cell 1110 and to
act as a cover for the second cell.
[0083] The first end 1118 of the bus bar 1116 includes a projection
1122 (e.g., protruding ridge, lip, flange, extension, etc.) that is
configured to substantially surround the terminal 1112 of a first
cell 1110. The projection 1122 may be cast or may be formed by a
mechanical process such as a stamping operation, a punching
operation, or an extrusion operation. The mechanical process causes
the projection 1122 to extend outward from a top surface 1124 of
the bus bar 1116. The projection 1122 forms a generally vertical
wall 1126 that defines an aperture 1128 that is configured to
receive the terminal 1112 of the cell 1010. In other words, the
terminal 1112 is received in the aperture 1128 defined by the
projection 1122 of the bus bar 1116 such that contact is made
between the terminal 1112 and an inner surface 1130 of the
projection 1122.
[0084] FIG. 16 shows a portion of a battery module including two
cells 1110 coupled together with the bus bar 1116 of FIG. 15. The
cells 1110 are generally cylindrical bodies with a top or first
surface 1134 having a terminal 1112 (e.g., a negative terminal, a
positive terminal) that extends generally upward from the top
surface 1134. The terminal 1112 is electrically coupled to a first
electrode (not shown) inside the housing 1136 of the cell 1110
(e.g., a negative electrode, a positive electrode). However, the
terminal 1112 is electrically insulated from the housing 1136
itself (e.g., by an insulator 1132). The housing 1136 of the cell
1110, including the top surface 1134 of the cell 1110, is
electrically coupled to a second electrode (not shown) inside the
housing 1136 of the cell 1010 (e.g., a positive electrode, a
negative electrode).
[0085] The bus bar 1116 is coupled to the cells 1110 by first
coupling the second end 1120 of the bus bar 1116 to the top surface
1134 of the of the second cell 1110. According to an embodiment,
the second end 1120 of the bus bar 1116 is press fit into the top
of the housing 1136 of the second cell 1110 and then welded (e.g.,
ultrasonic, laser, resistance, etc.) to form a cover for the cell
1110 (i.e., the cover includes an extension or flange that acts as
a bus bar or terminal for coupling to an adjacent cell). According
to another embodiment, the second end 1120 of the bus bar 1116 is
larger than the diameter of the top of the second cell 1110 and is
coupled to the top of the second cell 1110 with an interference
fit. The second end 1120 of the bus bar 1116 is shrunk (e.g.,
reduced in size, made smaller, etc.) by a cooling process (e.g.,
using liquid nitrogen). The second end 1120 of the bus bar 1116 is
then placed into the open end of the top of the second cell 1110
and allowed to return to room temperature. The second end 1120 of
the bus bar 1116 may then be further coupled to the cell 1110 by a
welding operation such as an ultrasonic welding operation, a laser
welding operation, or a resistance welding operation.
[0086] The first end 1118 of the bus bar 1116 is then coupled to
the terminal 1112 of the first cell 1110. According to an
embodiment, the first end 1118 of the bus bar 1116 is welded (e.g.,
ultrasonic, laser, resistance, etc.) to the terminal 1112 of the
first cell 1110. According to another embodiment, the first end
1118 of the bus bar 1116 is press fit to the terminal 1112 of the
first cell 1110. According to another embodiment, the aperture 1128
in the first end 1118 of the bus bar 1116 has a diameter that is
smaller than the diameter of the terminal 1112 so that the first
end 1118 of the bus bar 1116 is coupled to the terminal 1112 of the
first cell 1110 with an interference fit. The first end 1118 of the
bus bar 1116 is heated (e.g., by placing the first end 1118 near a
heating element or a flame). Heating the first end 1118 of the bus
bar 1116 expands the metal, widening the aperture 1128 formed by
the projection 1122 and allowing the terminal 1112 to be received
in the aperture 1128 in the first end 1118 of the bus bar 1116. As
the bus bar 1116 cools, the diameter of the aperture 1128 shrinks,
forming an interference fit with the terminal 1112. An insulator
1132 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 16) may be provided below the bus bar
1116 and around the terminal 1112 to reduce the chance of
inadvertent contact between the bus bar 1116 and the housing 1136
of the cell 1010. The bus bar 1116 may then be further coupled to
the terminal 1112 of the cell 1010 with a welding operation such as
an ultrasonic welding operation, a laser welding operation, or a
resistance welding operation.
[0087] Referring now to FIGS. 17-18, a cell can or housing 1212
(e.g., a container, casing, etc.) for an electrochemical cell 1210
is shown according to an embodiment. The housing 1212 is configured
to receive or house a cell element (e.g., a wound cylindrical cell
element) that is not shown. According to an embodiment, the housing
1212 comprises a three-piece structure, comprising a main body 1214
(that may, e.g., be made from an aluminum tube or tubing), a first
cover or bottom 1216, and a second cover or lid 1218 that includes
a flange (e.g., a tab, flap, projection, extension, protrusion,
projection, lip, overhang, protuberance, etc.) that acts as a bus
bar or terminal for coupling the cell 1210 to a terminal of an
adjacent cell.
[0088] As shown in FIG. 18, the three-piece housing 1212 provides
for a flexible design that may be varied (e.g., in length) to
provide for various sizes and capacities of cell elements. For
example, a different length main body 1214 may be used with the
same bottom 1216 and lid 1218. Additionally, internal connections
(e.g., current collectors, etc.) may be changed for different
applications without affecting the design of the external interface
(e.g., the lid 1218, the bus bars 1226, etc.) of the module that
the cells 1210 are provided in. Furthermore, this type of separate
component design allows for lower cost tooling for development and
higher efficiencies in economies of scale in that the same design
for the bottom 1216 and the lid 1218 may be used interchangeably
with different lengths of the main body 1214.
[0089] According to an embodiment, the separate components (i.e.,
the main body 1214, bottom 1216, and lid 1218) are easier to clean
and handle than previous designs. For example, the main body 1214,
bottom 1216, and lid 1218 may be cleaned separately and then
assembled together. Previous designs having the bottom or the lid
integral with the main body made it difficult to clean the inside
of the main body and/or the bottom or lid. Having separate
components allows for full accessibility to the components of the
housing 1212.
[0090] Referring now to FIG. 18, the bottom 1216 may have an
integral vent feature 1220 according to an embodiment. The vent
feature 1220 may be configured to separate or deploy from the
bottom 1216 if the pressure inside the housing 1212 reaches a
predetermined amount. Various sized vents 1220 may be used with the
bottom 1216, allowing different internal pressures to be obtained
depending on the design (e.g., size) of the vent 1220 used.
Additionally, the various sized vents 1220 may be interchanged with
different sized housings 1212, dependent upon the needs of the
application. According to an embodiment, the bottom 1216 is coupled
(e.g., by a welding process, such as laser welding) to a lower
portion of the housing 1212.
[0091] Referring to FIGS. 19-20, the cover 1218 or lid for the
housing 1212 is shown according to an embodiment. The lid 1218
includes a first terminal 1222 (e.g., a positive terminal) that may
be provided, for example, in the center of the lid 1218. The first
terminal 1222 is insulated from the lid 1218 by the use of an
insulating material or insulating device shown as an insulator
1224. The first terminal 1222 may be coupled to an electrode (e.g.,
a positive electrode) of the cell element (not shown) with a
current collector (not shown). According to an embodiment, the lid
1218 is coupled (e.g., by welding process, such as laser welding)
to an upper portion of the housing 1212.
[0092] Still referring to FIGS. 19-20, the lid 1218 also comprises
a member shown as a flange (e.g., a tab, flap, projection,
extension, protrusion, projection, lip, overhang, protuberance,
etc.) that may act as a terminal or bus bar 1226 for the cell 1210.
According to an embodiment, the bus bar 1226 is integral with the
lid 1218 (i.e., the bus bar 1226 and lid 1218 are a single unitary
body). Having the bus bar 1226 integral with the lid 1218 reduces
the overall component count of the system. Additionally, the number
of fasteners (not shown) used (e.g., to couple the bus bars 1226 to
the terminals 1222) is reduced. Furthermore, the overall system
cost may be reduced by eliminating or reducing the amount of copper
used by having integral bus bars 1226.
[0093] As shown in FIGS. 19-20, the bus bar 1226 extends out and
away from the lid 1218. According to an embodiment, the bus bar
1226 is at a height that is different (i.e., higher) than the
height of the lid 1218, allowing the bus bar 1226 to be placed over
(i.e., on top of) a terminal 1222 of an adjacent cell 1210. The bus
bar 1226 is configured with an aperture 1228 at an end of the of
the bus bar 1226. According to an embodiment, the aperture 1228 is
configured to allow a fastener (not shown) to be placed through the
aperture 1228 in order to couple the bus bar 1226 to a terminal
1222 of an adjacent cell 1210.
[0094] According to another embodiment, the lid 1218 may also
comprise an aperture or hole shown as fill hole 1230. Fill hole
1230 is configured to allow a substance (e.g., electrolyte) to be
placed in the cell 1210 after the cell 1210 is assembled. According
to another embodiment, the lid may also comprise an aperture or
hole 1234 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 20) configured to receive the
first terminal 1222 and insulator 1224.
[0095] According to another embodiment, the bus bar 1226 may
function as a second terminal 1232 (e.g., a negative terminal) of
the cell 1210 due to the fact that the bus bar 1226 may be
electrically connected to an electrode (e.g., a negative electrode)
of the cell element (not shown). The bus bar 1226, being integral
with the lid 1218, may be connected to the electrode by the lid
1218 being electrically connected to the main body 1214 of the
housing 1212. The main body 1214 of the housing 1212 is
electrically connected to the bottom 1216 of the housing 1212,
which in turn is then electrically connected to the electrode of
the cell element, completing the connection from the bus bar 1226
to the electrode.
[0096] Referring now to FIGS. 21-24, a battery module 1300
utilizing cells 1310 having lids 1312 with integral terminals or
bus bars 1314 is shown according to an embodiment. The battery
module 1300 may be electrically coupled with other battery modules
1300 to form a battery system (not shown) or may be used
independently to form its own battery system. The battery system
may include other features (not shown) that are responsible for
monitoring and controlling the electrical performance of the
system, managing the thermal behavior of the system, containment
and/or routing of effluent (e.g., gases that may be vented from a
cell 1310), and other aspects of the battery module 1300 or battery
system.
[0097] As shown in FIG. 21, the battery module 1300 includes a
plurality of electrochemical cells 1310 each having a flange (e.g.,
a tab, flap, projection, extension, protrusion, projection, lip,
overhang, protuberance, etc.) shown as an integral terminal or bus
bar 1314 formed in the lid 1312 of the cell 1310, a first structure
or upper tray 1316, and a second structure or the lower tray 1318.
The plurality of cells 1310 are provided in between the upper tray
1316 and the lower tray 1318. Although illustrated in FIG. 21 as
having a particular number of electrochemical cells 1310, it should
be noted that according to other embodiments, a different number
and/or arrangement of electrochemical cells 1310 may be used
depending on any of a variety of considerations (e.g., the desired
power for the battery module 1300, the available space within which
the battery module 1300 is designed to fit, etc.).
[0098] According to an embodiment, the upper tray 1316 comprises
features 1320 (e.g., raised portions, cutouts, channels, spaces,
molded areas, etc.) that receive the integral bus bars 1314 of the
individual cells 1310 to properly orientate or align the cells 1310
(and the integral bus bars 1314) so that the bus bars 1314 are
properly aligned to be connected to an adjacent cell 1310. The
upper tray 1316 also comprises a feature shown as a wall 1322 (as
shown, e.g., in FIG. 24) that partially surrounds the upper portion
of the cell 1310 to aid in properly locating the cell 1310. It
should be noted that the bus bars 1314 used in connection with the
upper tray 1316 need not be integral with the lid 1312 (i.e., the
upper tray 1316 will still be able to properly align and orientate
cells 1310 having non-integral bus bars 1314).
[0099] According to another embodiment, the upper tray 1316 also
comprises openings or apertures 1324 that expose a portion of the
bus bar 1314 (e.g., the end of the bus bar 1314 having an aperture
1326) to be coupled (e.g., with a fastener, by welding, etc.) to a
terminal 1328 of an adjacent cell 1310. According to an embodiment,
the terminal 1328 of the adjacent cell 1310 is threaded (e.g., to
receive a fastener 1329, as shown in FIG. 22). According to another
embodiment, the terminal 1328 of the adjacent cell 1310 may be flat
so that the terminal 1328 may be welded to the bus bar 1314. The
upper tray 1316 may be made of a polymer (e.g., polypropylene,
polyethylene, etc.) or any other suitable material (e.g.,
insulative material).
[0100] Still referring to FIG. 21, the battery module 1300 is shown
to include a seal 1330 provided along an upper surface of the lower
tray 1318 in order to seal a chamber (not shown) located inside the
lower tray 1318. According to an embodiment, the seal 1330 is
configured to seal the gap between the lower portion of the cells
1310 and the lower tray 1318 (when the cells 1310 are placed in the
lower tray 1318). According to an embodiment, the seal 1330 may be
constructed from silicone (e.g., molded silicone) or other
appropriate material.
[0101] According to an embodiment, the seal 1330 is configured to
aid in containing any gases that are vented from the cells 1310
into the chamber. For example, gases may be vented from the cells
1310 via a vent device or vent feature 1334 located at the lower
end of each of the cells 1310 (shown, e.g., in FIGS. 23-24).
According to another embodiment, an opening or outlet 1336 (e.g.,
as shown in FIG. 21) may be provided in fluid connection with the
chamber. The outlet 1336 may be used to direct gases from the
chamber (after having been vented from the cells 1310) to outside
the battery module 1300 (e.g., outside the vehicle).
[0102] Referring now to FIG. 22, the battery module 1300 is shown
with the upper tray 1316 removed. As can be seen in FIG. 22, the
bus bars 1314 of the cells 1310 are properly oriented so that they
are ready for connection to a terminal 1328 of an adjacent cell
1310 (or for connection to another module 1300 or other component
of the battery system). According to another embodiment, the
battery module 1300 may also include an aperture or hole shown as
fill hole 1332 in the lid 1312 of the cell 1310. The fill hole 1332
allows a substance (e.g., an electrolyte) to enter the cell
1310.
[0103] As shown in FIGS. 23-28, the upper tray 1316 may be used as
an assembly tool or fixture according to an embodiment. As can be
seen in FIGS. 23-24, the cells 1310 having the integral bus bars
1314 are provided in the upper tray 1316 (which is provided upside
down). The alignment features 1320 (shown as depressions in FIGS.
24, and 27-28) provided in the upper tray 1316 provide for an
assembly/fixturing tool for properly aligning and orientating the
individual cells 1310 into place when assembling the module 1300.
Utilizing the upper tray 1316 as an assembly tool saves time,
energy, and money in assembling the battery module 1300. As noted
above, the bus bars 1314 used in connection with the upper tray
1316 need not be integral with the lid 1312 (i.e., the upper tray
1316 will still be able to properly align and orientate cells 1310
having non-integral bus bars 1314).
[0104] The cells 1310 (having either an integral bus bar 1314 or a
separate bus bar coupled to the lid 1312) are provided upside down
into the upper tray 1316 (i.e., the end of the cell 1310 having the
lid 1312 and bus bar 1314 are placed into the upper tray 1316). The
bus bar 1314 of each individual cell 1310 will be aligned for
proper coupling with the terminal 1328 of another cell 1310 (or to
other components of the battery module 1300 or battery system).
Additionally, the wall features 1322 of the upper tray 1316 may aid
in properly locating the individual cells 1310.
[0105] Once the cells 1310 are properly located in the upper tray
1316, the bottom tray 1318 is assembled to the cells 1310 (again,
upside down). The bottom tray 1318 may have a seal 1330 provided on
it to seal the lower end of the cells 1310 (as shown in FIG. 21).
The battery module 1300 is then turned right side up where the bus
bars 1314 are then coupled to their respective terminal 1328 (e.g.,
by a fastener, by welding, etc.).
[0106] As noted above, different embodiments of the battery module
1300 may include different numbers or arrangements of the cells
1310 disposed therein. In some embodiments, the cells 1310 may be
arranged in a manner that minimizes the space taken up by the
cylindrical cells 1310. To accomplish this, the cells 1310 may be
arranged in two or more rows, as shown in FIG. 22 for example, and
the cells 1310 in one row may be offset from the cells 1310 in an
adjacent row so that more cells 1310 can be packaged into a closer
space. The bus bars 1314 may be sized appropriately for this type
of arrangement.
[0107] Although the embodiments of FIGS. 21-24 involve an
arrangement of twelve cylindrical battery cells 1310, other numbers
of cells 1310 may be utilized in different embodiments. For
example, it may be desirable for the battery module 1300 to include
thirteen cells 1310 instead of twelve, as shown in FIG. 29, to
reach a desired power output for the battery module 1300.
Specifically, the nominal voltage of each cell 1310 may be
approximately 3.65V for NMC and NCA chemistries, although the
voltages may vary with state of charge and other parameters.
Thirteen of these cells 1310 would yield a nominal voltage of
approximately 48V. In other embodiments, different chemistries of
the cells 1310 could have different voltages and, thus, may result
in a different number of cells 1310 in the battery module 1300. For
example, iron phosphate cells, which may have less variation in
voltage than the NMC/NCA cells, have a nominal voltage of
approximately 3.2V, and fifteen of these cells would yield a
nominal voltage of approximately 48V.
[0108] As illustrated in FIG. 29, the cells 1310 are arranged into
three rows 1350, 1352, and 1354. The first row 1350 includes four
cells 1310, the second row 1352 includes five cells 1310, and the
third row 1354 includes four cells 1310. In other embodiments,
however, the five cells 1310 may be located in the first row 1350
or the third row 1354. The second row 1352 is disposed between and
adjacent to the first and third rows 1350 and 1354. Again, the
cells 1310 in each row are staggered relative to the cells 1310 in
adjacent rows. That is, the cells 1310 in the second row 1352 are
staggered relative to the cells 1310 in both the first row 1350 and
the third row 1354, allowing for tighter packing of the cells 1310
within the battery module 1300.
[0109] As discussed above, the cells 1310 may be electrically
coupled to each other (e.g., in series) to provide a desired
voltage output through terminal connections (not shown) of the
battery module 1300. The battery module 1300 includes two end cells
1310A and 1310B, one at each end of the electrically coupled string
of battery cells 1310. These end cells 1310A and 1310B may be used
to couple the rows of cells 1310 to the positive and negative
terminal connections of the battery module 1300. In some
embodiments, the terminal connections to which the end cells 1310A
and 1310B are coupled may include a connection between the cells
1310 in the illustrated battery module 1300 and another group of
battery cells disposed in an adjacent battery module of a larger
battery system.
[0110] Between these two end cells 1310A and 1310B are a number
(e.g., eleven) of intermediate cells 1310 that help to increase the
voltage difference available through the terminal connections of
the battery module 1300. In some embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 30 and
31), the end cells 1310A and 1310B may be disposed one at each end
of the same row (e.g., second row 1352) of cells 1310. In
embodiments where the battery module 1300 functions as a standalone
module, this alignment of the end cells 1310A and 1310B may allow
for simpler assembly of the battery module 1300, since symmetrical
terminal conductors can transfer the power from the cells 1310 to
external battery terminals. In embodiments where the battery module
1300 is coupled to other battery modules, the aligned end cells
1310A and 1310B may facilitate relatively easy connection of the
battery modules, since the end cells 1310A and 1310B of all the
modules are aligned with each other. In other embodiments (e.g.,
FIG. 29), however, the battery module 1300 may include one end cell
1310B in the second row 1352 and the other end cell 1310A in either
the first row 1350 or the third row 1354. In this case, the battery
module 1300 may be equipped with asymmetrical terminal conductors
for transmitting the power to terminals of the battery module 1300,
or to the cells 1310 in an adjacent battery module 1300.
[0111] In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 29, the cells 1310 are
electrically coupled via the bus bars 1314 across the three rows
1350, 1352, and 1354 in a zigzag pattern. More specifically, the
cells 1310 are oriented such that the intermediate cells 1310 are
connected in a pattern that snakes back and forth between the cells
1310 in each of the different rows while traversing along a length
of the rows. Each of the intermediate cells 1310 located in the
first row 1350 are coupled (via bus bars 1314) between an adjacent
cell 1310 in the first row 1350 and a cell 1310 in the second row
1352. Each intermediate cell 1310 located in the second row 1352 is
coupled between a cell 1310 in the first row 1350 and a cell in the
third row 1354. Further, each intermediate cell 1310 located in the
third row 1354 is coupled between an adjacent cell 1310 in the
third row 1354 and a cell 1310 in the second row 1352. Other
arrangements of battery modules 1300 that utilize multiple rows of
cells 1310 coupled together may feature similar zigzag patterns of
bus bar connections between the cells 1310, in other
embodiments.
[0112] The three row zigzag pattern of connecting the cells 1310
via the bus bars 1314 in FIG. 29 is also used in the embodiment of
the battery module 1300 shown in FIG. 22. This embodiment has
twelve cells 1310 coupled together, four cells 1310 in each of
three separate rows. Thus, presently disclosed battery modules 1300
may include cells 1310 that are coupled together via flanged bus
bars 1314 in the above described pattern, regardless of whether the
total number of battery cells 1310 is twelve, thirteen, or some
other number.
[0113] Other zigzag patterns may be employed in three-row
arrangements of the battery cells 1310. For example, FIG. 30
illustrates one such arrangement of cells 1310 that follows a
similar zigzag pattern as the embodiment of FIG. 29, with a slight
change at the negative end (e.g., toward end cell 1310B). This
arrangement of the cells 1310 positions the end cell 1310B at the
negative end of the battery module 1300 into alignment with the end
cell 1310A at the positive end. Both of these end cells 1310A and
1310B are in the third row 1354, so that symmetrical terminal
conductors can couple the battery cells 1310 with external battery
terminals or adjacent battery modules.
[0114] In still further embodiments, other variations of zigzag
patterns may be used for electrically coupling the offset cells
1310 in multiple rows. As an example of this, FIG. 31 shows another
embodiment of the battery module 1300 that includes thirteen cells
1310 for providing a desired voltage drop across the battery module
1300. The illustrated embodiment includes a first row 1360 of seven
cells 1310 and a second row 1362 of six cells 1310. As discussed
above, the cells 1310 in the first row 1360 are offset from the
cells 1310 in the second row 1362 to allow a relatively efficient
use of space for packaging the cells 1310 within the battery module
1300.
[0115] In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 31, the cells 1310 are
coupled together via the bus bars 1314 in a different zigzag
pattern than the pattern described above with reference to FIG. 29.
Specifically, the illustrated zigzag pattern alternates between
battery cells 1310 disposed in the first row 1360 and battery cells
1310 disposed in the second row 1362. This arrangement may provide
an adequate amount of space between the different bus bars 1314
that are used to connect the cells 1310. A similar zigzag pattern
may be used in embodiments of the battery module 1300 that include
twelve cells 1310 coupled together and disposed in two rows. It
should be noted that, in some embodiments, the bus bar 1314
extending from the end cell 1310A may be oriented with the row
1360, as indicated by reference number 1363. This aligns the bus
bar 1314 extending from the end cell 1310A at the positive end of
the battery module with the end cell 1310B at the negative end. As
discussed above, this alignment may enable relatively easy and
symmetrical assembly of the battery module 1300 or group of battery
modules 1300.
[0116] It should be noted that the arrangements of cells 1310
described above feature the cells 1310 oriented such that the bus
bars 1314 are positioned at relative angles to each other. These
angles are small enough that a zigzag pattern can be used for
connecting the cells 1310, and the angles are large enough that the
bus bars 1314 do not intersect or touch one another. In the
illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 22, 29, 30, and 31, the cells 1310
are oriented such that the bus bars 1314 corresponding to each pair
of adjacent cells 1310 that are coupled together are offset by an
angle of either approximately 60 degrees or approximately 120
degrees. The term approximately in this instance means within ten
degrees. FIGS. 29 and 30 illustrate pairs of adjacent bus bars 1314
that are oriented with an offset angle 1364 of approximately 60
degrees from each other. In addition, other pairs of adjacent bus
bars 1314 in these embodiments are oriented with an offset angle
1366 of approximately 120 degrees from each other. In the
embodiment of FIG. 31, however, every adjacent pair of bus bars
1314 is oriented with an offset angle 1368 of approximately 60
degrees from each other. In the illustrated embodiments, there are
no two adjacent bus bars 1314 that are entirely aligned with each
other.
[0117] It should be noted that certain features disclosed with
reference to FIG. 21 may be present in battery modules 1300 having
any of the above described cell arrangements. That is, the battery
module embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 29 and 30 may also include
the upper tray 1316 with cell alignment features 1320, and the
lower tray 1318 with the chamber and the seal 1330. In addition,
other embodiments of battery modules 1300, which may have different
numbers of cells 1310 or rows of cells 1310 coupled together, can
be oriented according to the zigzag patterns described above, and
may include the tray 1316 and/or the chamber as well.
[0118] According to one embodiment, a battery module includes a
plurality of electrochemical cells provided in between a bottom
tray and an upper tray. The electrochemical cells may include a
housing having a tubular main body, a bottom, and a lid. The bottom
may include a vent feature to allow venting of gases and/or
effluent from inside the housing. The lid may include a first
terminal that is insulated from the lid and a bus bar that is
integral to the lid. The integral bus bar may serve as a second
terminal of the cell. The battery module may also include a seal
provided between the lower end of the cell and the lower tray to
seal a chamber configured to receive vented gases from the cells.
The upper tray may include features and/or cutouts to help properly
align and orientate the cells having integral bus bars.
[0119] According to another embodiment, the battery module includes
a plurality of electrochemical cells provided in between a first
structure and a second structure. Each of the electrochemical cells
includes a feature extending from a top of the electrochemical
cells, the feature configured to electrically couple the
electrochemical cell to a terminal of an adjacent electrochemical
cell or other component of the battery module. The first structure
includes features to properly orientate each of the electrochemical
cells.
[0120] According to another embodiment, a method of assembling a
battery module includes providing a plurality of electrochemical
cells in a first structure. Each of the plurality of
electrochemical cells has a lid having an integral bus bar. The
first structure has features to properly orientate the integral bus
bars of each of the plurality of electrochemical cells. The method
further includes providing a second structure over the ends of the
electrochemical cells.
[0121] One advantageous feature of providing terminals that are
integrally formed with a cover, lid, or container for a battery or
cell is that the need to separately manufacture and couple the
terminal to the cover, lid, or container is eliminated. In this
manner, labor and manufacturing costs may be reduced as compared to
other cells in which terminals are separately manufactured from the
lid, cover, or container (e.g., by eliminating steps in the
manufacturing operation). Additionally, providing terminals that
are integrally formed reduces the opportunity for failure modes to
take effect (e.g., because the terminal is not welded to the cover
or container, there is not a weld point which may be a point of
electrical shorting or failure)
[0122] According to another embodiment, a battery module includes a
plurality of electrochemical cells provided in at least two rows
such that the cells in each row are offset from the cells in
adjacent rows. The plurality of cells are electrically coupled to
each other to output a voltage drop across two terminal connections
of the battery module. Some embodiments may include an arrangement
of twelve or thirteen total cells disposed in the rows. In some
embodiments, the battery module includes two rows of cells that are
connected in a zigzag pattern. In other embodiments, the battery
module includes three rows of cells that are connected via bus bars
or integral terminals extending from one cell to the next. More
specifically, battery cells located in a first row may be coupled
between an adjacent cell in the first row and a cell in the second
row. Battery cells located in the second row may be coupled between
a cell in the first row and a cell in the third row, and battery
cells located in the third row may be coupled between a cell in the
second row and an adjacent cell in the third row. The offset angles
between adjacent bus bar terminals in each of the disclosed cell
arrangements may enable a relatively space efficient packaging of
the cells within the battery module.
[0123] While only certain features and embodiments of the disclosed
embodiments have been illustrated and described, many modifications
and changes may occur to those skilled in the art (e.g., variations
in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the
various elements, values of parameters without materially departing
from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter
recited in the claims. The order or sequence of any process or
method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative
embodiments. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended
claims are intended to cover such modifications and changes as fall
within the true spirit of the disclosure. Furthermore, in an effort
to provide a concise description of the embodiments, all features
of an actual implementation may not have been described (i.e.,
those unrelated to the presently contemplated best mode of carrying
out the disclosed embodiments, or those unrelated to enabling the
claimed embodiments). It should be appreciated that in the
development of any such actual implementation, as in any
engineering or design project, numerous implementation specific
decisions may be made. Such a development effort might be complex
and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking
of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill
having the benefit of this disclosure, without undue
experimentation.
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