U.S. patent application number 13/785793 was filed with the patent office on 2014-02-20 for 2xxx series aluminum lithium alloys.
This patent application is currently assigned to ALCOA INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is ALCOA INC.. Invention is credited to Julien Boselli, Paul E. Magnusen, Roberto J. Rioja, Ralph R. Sawtell, Gregory B. Venema.
Application Number | 20140050936 13/785793 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 50100243 |
Filed Date | 2014-02-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140050936 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Boselli; Julien ; et
al. |
February 20, 2014 |
2XXX SERIES ALUMINUM LITHIUM ALLOYS
Abstract
Wrought 2xxx aluminum lithium alloy products having a thickness
of from 0.040 inch to 0.500 inch are disclosed. The wrought
aluminum alloy products contain from 3.00 to 3.80 wt. % Cu, from
0.05 to 0.35 wt. % Mg, from 0.975 to 1.385 wt. % Li, wherein
-0.3*Mg-0.15Cu+1.65.ltoreq.Li.ltoreq.-0.3*Mg-0.15Cu+1.85, from 0.05
to 0.50 wt. % of at least one grain structure control element,
wherein the grain structure control element is selected from the
group consisting of Zr, Sc, Cr, V, Hf, other rare earth elements,
and combinations thereof, up to 1.0 wt. % Zn, up to 1.0 wt. % Mn,
up to 0.12 wt. % Si, up to 0.15 wt. % Fe, up to 0.15 wt. % Ti, up
to 0.10 wt. % of any other element, with the total of these other
elements not exceeding 0.35 wt. %, the balance being aluminum.
Inventors: |
Boselli; Julien;
(Pittsburgh, PA) ; Rioja; Roberto J.;
(Murrysville, PA) ; Venema; Gregory B.;
(Bettendorf, IA) ; Sawtell; Ralph R.; (Gibsonia,
PA) ; Magnusen; Paul E.; (Pittsburgh, PA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ALCOA INC. |
Pittsburgh |
PA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
ALCOA INC.
Pittsburgh
PA
|
Family ID: |
50100243 |
Appl. No.: |
13/785793 |
Filed: |
March 5, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61684268 |
Aug 17, 2012 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/544 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y10T 428/12 20150115;
C22C 21/18 20130101; C22C 21/14 20130101; C22C 21/16 20130101; C22F
1/057 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/544 |
International
Class: |
C22C 21/18 20060101
C22C021/18; C22C 21/16 20060101 C22C021/16; C22C 21/14 20060101
C22C021/14 |
Claims
1. A wrought aluminum alloy product having a thickness of from
0.040 inch to 0.500 inch, the aluminum alloy consisting of: from
3.00 to 3.80 wt. % Cu; from 0.05 to 0.35 wt. % Mg; from 0.975 to
1.385 wt. % Li; wherein
-0.3*Mg-0.15Cu+1.65.ltoreq.Li.ltoreq.-0.3*Mg-0.15Cu+1.85; from 0.05
to 0.50 wt. % of at least one grain structure control element,
wherein the at least one grain structure control element is
selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sc, Cr, V, Hf, other rare
earth elements, and combinations thereof; up to 1.0 wt. % Zn; up to
1.0 wt. % Mn; up to 0.12 wt. % Si; up to 0.15 wt. % Fe; up to 0.15
wt. % Ti; up to 0.10 wt. % of any other element, with the total of
these other elements not exceeding 0.35 wt. %; and the balance
being aluminum.
2-5. (canceled)
6. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 3.10 wt. %
Cu.
7. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 3.20 wt. %
Cu.
8. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 3.30 wt. %
Cu.
9. (canceled)
10. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising not greater than 3.75
wt. % Cu.
11.-12. (canceled)
13. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising not greater than 3.60
wt. % Cu.
14. (canceled)
15. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 0.15 wt. %
Mg.
16. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising not greater than 0.30
wt. % Mg.
17. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising not greater than 0.25
wt. % Mg.
18. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 1.005 wt. %
Li.
19.-20. (canceled)
21. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 1.150 wt. %
Li.
22. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising not greater than
1.355 wt. % Li.
23. (canceled)
24. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising not greater than
1.310 wt. % Li.
25. (canceled)
26. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 0.20 wt. %
Zn.
27. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 0.30 wt. %
Zn.
28. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising not greater than 0.50
wt. % Zn.
29. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising not greater than 0.40
wt. % Zn.
30.-31. (canceled)
32. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 0.15 wt. %
Mn.
33. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising at least 0.20 wt. %
Mn.
34.-37. (canceled)
38. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising not greater than 0.40
wt. % Mn.
39.-46. (canceled)
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 61/684,268, entitled "2XXX SERIES ALUMINUM
LITHIUM ALLOYS", filed Aug. 17, 2012, and which is incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Aluminum alloys are useful in a variety of applications.
However, improving one property of an aluminum alloy without
degrading another property often proves elusive. For example, it is
difficult to increase the strength of an alloy without decreasing
the toughness of an alloy. Other properties of interest for
aluminum alloys include corrosion resistance and fatigue crack
growth rate resistance, to name two.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Broadly, the present patent application relates to wrought
2xxx aluminum lithium alloy products having improved properties.
Generally, the wrought 2xxx aluminum lithium alloy products have
3.0 to 3.8 wt. % Cu, 0.05 to 0.35 wt. % Mg, 0.975 to 1.385 wt. %
Li, where -0.3*Mg-0.15Cu+1.65.ltoreq.Li.ltoreq.-0.3*Mg-0.15Cu+1.85,
0.05 to 0.50 wt. % of a grain structure control element selected
from the group consisting of Zr, Sc, Cr, V, Hf, other rare earth
elements, and combinations thereof, up to 1.0 wt. % Zn, up to 1.0
wt. % Mn, up to 0.15 wt. % Ti, up to 0.12 wt. % Si, up to 0.15 wt.
% Fe, up to 0.10 wt. % of any other element, with the total of
these other elements not exceeding 0.35 wt. %, the balance being
aluminum. Wrought products incorporating such alloy compositions
may achieve improved properties.
[0004] The wrought products are generally in the form of sheet or
thin plate having a thickness of from about 0.040 inch to about
0.500 inch. In one embodiment, the wrought aluminum alloy product
has a thickness of at least 0.050 inch. In another embodiment, a
thick wrought aluminum alloy product has a thickness of at least
0.060 inch. The improved properties described herein may be
achieved with thick wrought products having a thickness of up to
0.400 inch, or up to 0.300 inch, or up to 0.250 inch. As used in
this paragraph, thickness refers to the minimum thickness of the
product, realizing that some portions of the product may realize
slightly larger thicknesses than the minimum stated.
[0005] Composition limits of several alloys useful in accordance
with the present teachings are disclosed in Tables 1a-1c, below
(values in weight percent).
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1a EXAMPLE COMPOSITION OF ALLOYS Alloy Cu Mg
Li Cu--Mg--Li Relationship Broad 3.0-3.8 0.05-0.35 0.975-1.385 -0.3
* Mg - Pref. (1) 3.1-3.7 0.10-0.30 1.005-1.355 0.15Cu + 1.65
.ltoreq. Pref. (2) 3.2-3.6 0.15-0.25 1.035-1.325 Li .ltoreq. Pref.
(3) 3.3-3.6 0.15-0.25 1.035-1.310 -0.3 * Mg - 0.15Cu + 1.85
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1b EXAMPLE COMPOSITION OF ALLOYS Grain
Structure Alloy Mn Control Ti Zn Broad 0-1.0 0.05-0.50 0-0.15 0-1.0
Pref. (1) 0.10-0.80 0.05-0.20 Zr 0-0.10 0-1.0 Pref. (2) 0.20-0.60
0.07-0.14 Zr 0.01-0.06 0-1.0 Pref. (3) 0.20-0.40 0.08-0.13 Zr
0.01-0.03 0-1.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1c EXAMPLE COMPOSITION OF ALLOYS Other
Elements Alloy Fe Si Ag Each/Total Balance Broad .ltoreq.0.15
.ltoreq.0.12 Include in 0.10/0.35 Al "Other Elements" Pref. (1)
.ltoreq.0.12 .ltoreq.0.10 Include in 0.05/0.15 Al "Other Elements"
Pref. (2) .ltoreq.0.08 .ltoreq.0.06 Include in 0.05/0.15 Al "Other
Elements" Pref. (3) .ltoreq.0.05 .ltoreq.0.04 Include in "
0.03/0.10 Al Other Elements"
[0006] Copper (Cu) is included in the new alloy, and generally in
the range of from 3.0 wt. % to 3.8 wt. % Cu. In one embodiment, the
new alloy includes at least 3.1 wt. % Cu. In other embodiments, the
new alloy may include at least 3.2 wt. % Cu, or at least 3.3 wt. %
Cu, or at least 3.35 wt. % Cu, or at least 3.4 wt. % Cu. In one
embodiment, the new alloy includes not greater than 3.75 wt. % Cu.
In other embodiments, the new alloy may include not greater than
3.7 wt. % Cu, or not greater than 3.65 wt. % Cu, or not greater
than 3.6 wt. % Cu.
[0007] Magnesium (Mg) is included in the new alloy, and generally
in the range of from 0.05 wt. % to 0.35 wt. % Mg. In one
embodiment, the new alloy includes at least 0.10 wt. % Mg. In other
embodiments, the new alloy may include at least 0.15 wt. % Mg. In
one embodiment, the new alloy includes not greater than 0.35 wt. %
Mg. In other embodiments, the new alloy may include not greater
than 0.30 wt. % Mg, or not greater than 0.25 wt. % Mg.
[0008] Lithium (Li) is included in the new alloy, and generally in
the range of from 0.975 wt. % to 1.385. In one embodiment, the new
alloy includes at least 1.005 wt. % Li. In other embodiments, the
new alloy may include at least 1.035 wt. % Li, or at least 1.050
wt. % Li, or at least, or at least 1.065 wt. % Li, or at least
1.080 wt. % Li, or at least 1.100 wt. % Li, or at least 1.125 wt. %
Li, or at least 1.150 wt. %. In one embodiment, the new alloy
includes not greater than 1.355 wt. % Li. In other embodiments, the
new alloy includes not greater than 1.325 wt. % Li, or not greater
than 1.310 wt. %, or not greater than 1.290 wt. % Li, or not
greater than 1.270 wt. % Li, or not greater than 1.250 wt. %
Li.
[0009] The combined amounts of Cu, Mg, and Li may be related to
realization of improved properties. In one embodiment, the aluminum
alloy includes Cu, Mg, and Li per the above requirements, and in
accordance with the following expression:
-0.3*Mg-0.15Cu+1.65.ltoreq.Li.ltoreq.-0.3*Mg-0.15Cu+1.85 (1)
In other words:
Li.sub.min=1.65-0.3(Mg)-0.15(Cu); and (2)
Li.sub.max=1.85-0.3(Mg)-0.5(Cu) (3)
Aluminum alloy products having an amount of Cu, Mg, and Li falling
within the scope of these expressions may realize an improved
combination of properties (e.g., an improved strength-toughness
relationship).
[0010] Zinc (Zn) may optionally be included in the new alloy and up
to 1.0 wt. % Zn. In one embodiment, the new alloy includes at least
0.20 wt. % Zn. In one embodiment, the new alloy includes at least
0.30 wt. % Zn. In one embodiment, the new alloy includes not
greater than 0.50 wt. % Zn. In another embodiment, the new alloy
includes not greater than 0.40 wt. % Zn.
[0011] Manganese (Mn) may optionally be included in the new alloy,
and in an amount up to 1.0 wt. %. In one embodiment, the new alloy
includes at least 0.05 wt. % Mn. In other embodiments, the new
alloy includes at least 0.10 wt. % Mn, or at least 0.15 wt. % Mn,
or at least 0.2 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the new alloy includes
not greater than 0.8 wt. % Mn. In other embodiments, the new alloy
includes not greater than 0.7 wt. % Mn, or not greater than 0.6 wt.
% Mn, or not greater than 0.5 wt. % Mn, or not greater than 0.4 wt.
% Mn. In the alloying industry, manganese may be considered both an
alloying ingredient and a grain structure control element--the
manganese retained in solid solution may enhance a mechanical
property of the alloy (e.g., strength), while the manganese in
particulate form (e.g., as Al.sub.6Mn,
Al.sub.12Mn.sub.3Si.sub.2--sometimes referred to as dispersoids)
may assist with grain structure control. However, since Mn is
separately defined with its own composition limits in the present
patent application, it is not within the definition of "grain
structure control element" (described below) for the purposes of
the present patent application.
[0012] The alloy may include 0.05 to 0.50 wt. % of at least one
grain structure control element selected from the group consisting
of zirconium (Zr), scandium (Sc), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V)
and/or hafnium (Hf), and/or other rare earth elements, and such
that the utilized grain structure control element(s) is/are
maintained below maximum solubility. As used herein, "grain
structure control element" means elements or compounds that are
deliberate alloying additions with the goal of forming second phase
particles, usually in the solid state, to control solid state grain
structure changes during thermal processes, such as recovery and
recrystallization. For purposes of the present patent application,
grain structure control elements include Zr, Sc, Cr, V, Hf, and
other rare earth elements, to name a few, but excludes Mn.
[0013] The amount of grain structure control material utilized in
an alloy is generally dependent on the type of material utilized
for grain structure control and/or the alloy production process. In
one embodiment, the grain structure control element is Zr, and the
alloy includes from 0.05 wt. % to 0.20 wt. % Zr. In another
embodiment, the alloy includes from 0.05 wt. % to 0.15 wt. % Zr. In
another embodiment, the alloy includes 0.07 to 0.14 wt. % Zr. In
another embodiment, the alloy includes 0.08-0.13 wt. % Zr. In one
embodiment, the aluminum alloy includes at least 0.07 wt. % Zr. In
another embodiment, the aluminum alloy includes at least 0.08 wt. %
Zr. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy includes not greater than
0.18 wt. % Zr. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy includes
not greater than 0.15 wt. % Zr. In another embodiment, the aluminum
alloy includes not greater than 0.14 wt. % Zr. In another
embodiment, the aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.13 wt. %
Zr.
[0014] The alloy may include up to 0.15 wt. % Ti cumulatively for
grain refining and/or other purposes. Grain refiners are inoculants
or nuclei to seed new grains during solidification of the alloy. An
example of a grain refiner is a 9.525 mm rod comprising 96%
aluminum, 3% titanium (Ti) and 1% boron (B), where virtually all
boron is present as finely dispersed TiB.sub.2 particles. During
casting, the grain refining rod is fed in-line into the molten
alloy flowing into the casting pit at a controlled rate. The amount
of grain refiner included in the alloy is generally dependent on
the type of material utilized for grain refining and the alloy
production process. Examples of grain refiners include Ti combined
with B (e.g., TiB.sub.2) or carbon (TiC), although other grain
refiners, such as Al--Ti master alloys may be utilized. Generally,
grain refiners are added in an amount ranging from 0.0003 wt. % to
0.005 wt. % to the alloy, depending on the desired as-cast grain
size. In addition, Ti may be separately added to the alloy in an
amount up to 0.15 wt. %, depending on product form, to increase the
effectiveness of grain refiner, and typically in the range of 0.01
to 0.03 wt. % Ti. When Ti is included in the alloy, it is generally
present in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.10 wt. %. In one embodiment,
the aluminum alloy includes a grain refiner, and the grain refiner
is at least one of TiB.sub.2 and TiC, where the wt. % of Ti in the
alloy is from 0.01 to 0.06 wt. %, or from 0.01 to 0.03 wt. %.
[0015] The aluminum alloy may include iron (Fe) and silicon (Si),
typically as impurities. The iron content of the new alloy should
generally not exceed 0.15 wt. %. In one embodiment, the iron
content of the alloy is not greater than 0.12 wt. %. In other
embodiments, the aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.10 wt.
% Fe, or not greater than 0.08 wt. % Fe, or not greater than 0.05
wt. % Fe, or not greater than 0.04 wt. % Fe. Similarly, the silicon
content of the new alloy should generally not exceed 0.12 wt. %. In
one embodiment, the silicon content of the alloy is not greater
than 0.10 wt. % Si, or not greater than 0.08 wt. % Si, or not
greater than 0.06 wt. % Si, or not greater than 0.04 wt. % Si, or
not greater than 0.03 wt. % Si.
[0016] In some embodiments of the present patent application,
silver (Ag) is considered an impurity, and, in these embodiments,
is included in the definition of "other elements", defined below,
i.e., is at an impurity level of 0.10 wt. % or less, depending on
which "other element" limits are applied to the alloy. In other
embodiments, silver is purposefully included in the alloy (e.g.,
for strength) and in an amount of from 0.11 wt. % to 0.50 wt.
%.
[0017] The new 2xxx aluminum lithium alloys generally contain low
amounts of "other elements" (e.g., casting aids and impurities,
other than the iron and silicon). As used herein, "other elements"
means any other element of the periodic table except for aluminum
and the above-described copper, magnesium, lithium, zinc,
manganese, grain structure control elements (i.e., Zr, Sc, Cr, V
Hf, and other rare earth elements), iron and/or silicon, as
applicable, described above. In one embodiment, the new 2xxx
aluminum lithium alloys contain not more than 0.10 wt. % each of
any other element, with the total combined amount of these other
elements not exceeding 0.35 wt. %. In another embodiment, each one
of these other elements, individually, does not exceed 0.05 wt. %
in the 2xxx aluminum lithium alloy, and the total combined amount
of these other elements does not exceed 0.15 wt. % in the 2xxx
aluminum lithium alloy. In another embodiment, each one of these
other elements, individually, does not exceed 0.03 wt. % in the
2xxx aluminum lithium alloy, and the total combined amount of these
other elements does not exceed 0.10 wt. % in the 2xxx aluminum
lithium alloy.
[0018] The new alloys may be used in all wrought product forms,
including plate, forgings and extrusions.
[0019] The new alloy can be prepared into wrought form, and in the
appropriate temper, by more or less conventional practices,
including direct chill (DC) casting the aluminum alloy into ingot
form. After conventional scalping, lathing or peeling (if needed)
and homogenization, which homogenization may be completed before or
after scalping, these ingots may be further processed by hot
working the product. The product may then be optionally cold
worked, optionally annealed, solution heat treated, quenched, and
final cold worked. After the final cold working step, the product
may be artificially aged. Thus, the products may be produced in a
T3 or T8 temper.
[0020] Unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply
to the present application:
[0021] "Wrought aluminum alloy product" means an aluminum alloy
product that is hot worked after casting, and includes rolled
products (sheet and thin plate), forged products, and extruded
products.
[0022] "Forged aluminum alloy product" means a wrought aluminum
alloy product that is either die forged or hand forged.
[0023] "Solution heat treating" means exposure of an aluminum alloy
to elevated temperature for the purpose of placing solute(s) into
solid solution.
[0024] "Hot working" means working the aluminum alloy product at
elevated temperature, generally at least 250.degree. F.
[0025] "Cold working" means working the aluminum alloy product at
temperatures that are not considered hot working temperatures,
generally below about 250.degree. F.
[0026] "Artificially aging" means exposure of an aluminum alloy to
elevated temperature for the purpose of precipitating solute(s).
Artificial aging may occur in one or a plurality of steps, which
can include varying temperatures and/or exposure times.
[0027] These and other aspects, advantages, and novel features of
this new technology are set forth in part in the description that
follows and will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon
examination of the following description and figures, or may be
learned by practicing one or more embodiments of the technology
provided for by the present disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] FIGS. 1-3 are graphs illustrating the performance of Alloy A
of Example 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] An example alloy (Alloy A) was cast as ingot and
homogenized. The composition of Alloy A is shown in Table 1,
below.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 1 COMPOSITION OF ALLOY A Al- loy Si Fe Cu Mg
Mn Zn Ti Zr Ag Li A 0.018 0.027 3.50 0.21 0.30 0.35 0.019 0.130 --
1.18
[0030] Alloy A was then hot rolled to a gauge of 2.5 inch, after
which it was solution heat treated and quenched, and then
stretched, and then artificially aged to a T8 temper. A portion of
this plate (17 inches by 14.5 inches) was then heated to about
900.degree. F., and then processed to a final thickness of 0.125
inch using the following process: [0031] The material was first hot
rolled and the first two hot rolling passes were in the transverse
direction to broaden the sheet to 19 in. wide and the material was
hot rolled in 10 rolling passes to a thickness of approximately
0.25 in. Following hot rolling the material was anneal at
800.degree. F. for 4 hours, then cooled 50.degree. F./hr to room
temperature. After annealing the material was cold rolled to a
final thickness of 0.125 in.
[0032] Following rolling, the material was solution heat treated
and quenched, and then stretched about 3% (L direction). The
material was then artificially aged for two times (about 24 hours
and about 48 hours) at 290.degree. F. Mechanical properties were
then measured, the results of which are shown in Table 2, below
(values average of duplicate specimens). Strength testing was
conducted in accordance with ASTM E8 and B557. The fracture
toughness was measured in accordance with ASTM E561 and ASTM B646
using middle cracked tension M(T) specimens. Specimens were in the
T-L and L-T orientations and have a nominal 2a/W=0.25. A 16 in.
wide specimen was used for the L-T test and a 6.3 in. wide specimen
was used for the T-L test. The tests were run at full thickness and
at room temperature lab air (18 to 28.degree. C.). Anti-buckling
guides are required.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALLOY A Age Time
Yield Tensile at 290 F. Test Strength Strength Elongation (hrs.)
Direction (ksi) (ksi) (%) 24 L 56.7 63.7 12 24 LT 56.25 66.05 10 48
L 64.3 69.3 10 48 LT 62.7 69.7 8
[0033] Fatigue crack growth (FCG) was measured The fatigue crack
growth tests were run in accordance with ASTM E 647 using W=102 mm
wide T-L orientation, middle-cracked tension M(T) specimen with a
starting notch length of 2an=5.08 mm. Tests were run using a
constant load amplitude covering a range of .DELTA.K from about 10
to 45 MPa m with a stress ratio of R=0.1, and a testing frequency
between 2 and 25 Hz. Tests are run in room temperature lab air (18
to 28.degree. C.) with relative humidity greater than 20% and a
maximum relative humidity of 55%.
[0034] The test data for Alloy A was compared to the incumbent
fuselage skin alloy, Alclad 2524-T3, the result of which are
illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, below. For the FCG testing, the test data
shown are from M(T) specimens of the same geometry as the C77W
specimen. The test was run in accordance with ASTM E 647 using a
constant K gradient. The R-curve data shown for Alclad 2524 were
run on M(T) specimens, W=16 in. and 2a/W=0.25.
[0035] While various embodiments of the present disclosure have
been described in detail, it is apparent that modifications and
adaptations of those embodiments will occur to those skilled in the
art. However, it is to be expressly understood that such
modifications and adaptations are within the spirit and scope of
the present disclosure.
* * * * *