U.S. patent application number 14/008041 was filed with the patent office on 2014-02-13 for grease composition.
This patent application is currently assigned to JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION. The applicant listed for this patent is Yusuke Ayame, Osamu Kurosawa, Kiyomi Sakamoto. Invention is credited to Yusuke Ayame, Osamu Kurosawa, Kiyomi Sakamoto.
Application Number | 20140045735 14/008041 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46931062 |
Filed Date | 2014-02-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140045735 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ayame; Yusuke ; et
al. |
February 13, 2014 |
GREASE COMPOSITION
Abstract
The present invention provides a grease composition containing
at least one lubricating base oil selected from a mineral oil and a
synthetic oil, and 1 to 40% by mass of a thickener and 0.5 to 15%
by mass of an alkenyl succinimide based on the total amount of the
grease composition, the grease composition being used for a
lubricating part in which at least one of members is made of a
non-ferrous metal. According to the grease composition of the
present invention, galling (seizure) and wear can be sufficiently
suppressed and sliding properties can be achieved at a high level
even in the case where sliding is performed under extreme pressure
conditions where a sliding part having a non-ferrous metal is
subjected to a high load.
Inventors: |
Ayame; Yusuke; (Tokyo,
JP) ; Kurosawa; Osamu; (Tokyo, JP) ; Sakamoto;
Kiyomi; (Tokyo, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Ayame; Yusuke
Kurosawa; Osamu
Sakamoto; Kiyomi |
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo |
|
JP
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY
CORPORATION
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
46931062 |
Appl. No.: |
14/008041 |
Filed: |
March 26, 2012 |
PCT Filed: |
March 26, 2012 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2012/057802 |
371 Date: |
November 1, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/190 ;
508/287 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2219/068 20130101;
C10N 2050/10 20130101; F16C 33/6633 20130101; C10N 2030/12
20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M 133/56 20130101; C10M
2207/289 20130101; C10M 2207/2835 20130101; C10M 2207/021 20130101;
C10M 2205/0285 20130101; C10M 2207/1256 20130101; C10M 2203/1006
20130101; C10N 2030/06 20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101; C10M
2223/045 20130101; C10M 2215/1026 20130101; C10M 133/44 20130101;
C10M 169/06 20130101; C10N 2020/04 20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101;
C10N 2020/04 20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101; C10N 2060/14
20130101; C10M 2207/1256 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M
2207/1256 20130101; C10N 2010/02 20130101; C10M 2219/068 20130101;
C10N 2010/12 20130101; C10M 2219/068 20130101; C10N 2010/12
20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101; C10N 2020/04 20130101; C10M
2207/1256 20130101; C10N 2010/02 20130101; C10M 2207/1256 20130101;
C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101; C10N 2060/14
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/190 ;
508/287 |
International
Class: |
C10M 133/44 20060101
C10M133/44 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 31, 2011 |
JP |
2011-077836 |
Claims
1. A grease composition containing: at least one lubricating base
oil selected from a mineral oil and a synthetic oil, and 1 to 40%
by mass of a thickener and 0.5 to 15% by mass of an alkenyl
succinimide based on the total amount of the grease composition,
the grease composition being used for a lubricating part in which
at least one of members is made of a non-ferrous metal.
2. The grease composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkenyl
succinimide is at least one selected from an alkenyl succinimide
not containing boron and a boron-containing alkenyl succinimide
whose boron content is more than 0% by mass and 1.0% by mass or
less based on the total amount of the boron-containing alkenyl
succinimide.
3. The grease composition according to claim 1, wherein the
succinimide compound has a polybutenyl group whose weight average
molecular weight is 2000 or less.
4. The grease composition according to claim 1, wherein the
non-ferrous metal is at least one selected from aluminum,
magnesium, copper, titanium, nickel, chromium, zinc, tin, lead and
titanium, and alloys thereof.
5. The grease composition according to claim 1, wherein a Vickers
hardness of the non-ferrous metal is 150 or less.
6. A lubricating method of bringing the grease composition
according to claim 1 into contact with a lubricating part in which
at least one of members is made of a non-ferrous metal.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a lubricating oil and a
grease composition, and particularly relates to a grease
composition having favorable antiwear performance in a friction
part of a non-ferrous metal.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and alloys thereof
(hereinafter, also referred to as the aluminum material) are light
metals which are strong and are good in thermal conductivity, and
are generally used in the fields of transport and structure in
which weight savings are important.
[0003] Conventionally, as grease compositions for use in
lubrication of a sliding part having a non-ferrous metal, generally
used grease compositions have been used in many cases. However, in
this case, the fact is that sufficient sliding properties are not
achieved.
[0004] Then, as a means for improving lubricating properties to
non-ferrous metals, use of additives such as higher alcohols, fatty
acid esters, fatty acids, alkylene glycol-esterified products, and
a-olefins has been proposed. It is considered that, among these
additives, particularly higher alcohols, secondly fatty acid esters
are high in the effect of improving lubricating properties (see
Patent Literature 1).
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0005] [Patent Literature 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 8-53685
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0006] However, even in the case of the grease composition using
the additives, there is no effect in the case where sliding is
performed under extreme pressure conditions where a sliding part
having a non-ferrous metal is subjected to a high load, resulting
in galling (seizure) to allow wear to rapidly progress.
[0007] In addition, additives such as an organic molybdenum
compound such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP) or molybdenum
dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) exhibit the effect of preventing seizure
under extreme pressure conditions during sliding between iron
materials, but such an effect is due to the chemical reaction of
iron and the additives. Therefore, even if these additives are
used, the surface modification by the chemical reaction is not made
to a non-ferrous metal, and the effect of preventing galling is not
observed.
[0008] The present invention has made under such circumstances, and
an object thereof is to provide a grease composition that enables
galling (seizure) and wear to be sufficiently suppressed and that
enables sliding properties to be achieved at a high level even in
the case where sliding is performed under extreme pressure
conditions where a sliding part having a non-ferrous metal is
subjected to a high load.
Solution to Problem
[0009] In order to solve the above problem, the present invention
provides a grease composition containing at least one lubricating
base oil selected from a mineral oil and a synthetic oil, and 1 to
40% by mass of a thickener and 0.5 to 15% by mass of an alkenyl
succinimide based on the total amount of the grease composition,
for use in a lubricating part in which at least one of members is
made of a non-ferrous metal.
[0010] The alkenyl succinimide in the present invention is
preferably at least one selected from an alkenyl succinimide not
containing boron and a boron-containing alkenyl succinimide whose
boron content is more than 0% by mass and 1.0% by mass or less
based on the total amount of the boron-containing alkenyl
succinimide.
[0011] In addition, the alkenyl succinimide preferably has a
polybutenyl group whose weight average molecular weight is 2000 or
less.
[0012] In addition, the non-ferrous metal is preferably at least
one selected from aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium, nickel,
chromium, zinc, tin, lead and titanium, and alloys of two or more
thereof, and it is more preferable that the non-ferrous metal be at
least one selected from aluminum, magnesium, copper and titanium,
and alloys thereof.
[0013] In addition, the Vickers hardness of the non-ferrous metal
is preferably 150 or less. Other aspect of the present invention
provides a lubricating method of bringing the above-described
grease composition into contact with a lubricating part in which at
least one of members is made of a non-ferrous metal.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0014] According to the present invention, a grease composition
that enables galling (seizure) and wear to be sufficiently
suppressed and that enables sliding properties to be achieved at a
high level even in the case where sliding is performed under
extreme pressure conditions where a sliding part having a
non-ferrous metal is subjected to a high load.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0015] Hereinafter, a suitable embodiment of the present invention
will be described in detail,
[0016] A grease composition according to the present embodiment
contains at least one lubricating base oil selected from a mineral
oil and a synthetic oil, and 1 to 40% by mass of a thickener and
0.5 to 15% by mass of an alkenyl succinimide based on the total
amount of the grease composition.
[0017] Examples of the lubricating base oil include a mineral oil
and/or a synthetic oil. Examples of the mineral oil include those
which are obtained by a procedure usually carried out in a
lubricating oil production process of the petroleum refining
industry, for example, by refining a lubricating oil fraction
obtained from normal-pressure distillation and reduced-pressure
distillation of crude oil by carrying out one or more of treatments
such as solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking,
solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrogenation refining,
sulfuric acid washing, and a clay treatment.
[0018] In addition, examples of the synthetic oil include
poly-.alpha.-olefins such as polybutene, a 1-octene oligomer, and a
1-decene oligomer, or hydrogenated products thereof,
ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymers; diesters such as ditridecyl
glutarate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, ditridecyl
adipate, and di-3-ethylhexyl sebacate; polyol esters such as
trimethylolpropane caprylate, trimethylolpropane pelargonate,
pentaerythritol-2-ethyl hexanoate, and pentaerythritol pelargonate;
alkylnaphthalenes; alkylbenzenes, polyoxyalkylene glycols;
polyphenyl ethers; dialkyl diphenyl ethers; silicone oil; or
mixtures thereof.
[0019] As the thickener, every thickener including soaps such as a
metal soap and a composite metal soap; and non-soaps such as
bentone, silica gel, a urea compound, a urethane.urea compound, and
a urethane compound can be used. Among the non-soap thickeners, a
urea-based thickener made of a urea compound or a urethane.urea
compound is preferable because it has no metal within the structure
thereof to be excellent in oxidative stability, and is high in
dropping point to be kept in the form of gel even at a high
temperature.
[0020] The content of the thickener is 1 to 40% by mass and
preferably 3 to 30% by mass based on the total amount of the grease
composition. In the case where the content of the thickener is less
than 1% by mass, the effect as the thickener is low and thus is not
sufficient in the form of grease, and in the case where it is more
than 40% by mass, the obtained grease is too hard as grease to
exert sufficient lubricating performance,
[0021] Examples of the alkenyl succinimide include an alkenyl
succinimide compound having at least one straight or branched alkyl
group or alkenyl group whose carbon number is 40 to 400, preferably
60 to 350, in the molecule. In the case where the carbon number of
the alkyl group or alkenyl group is less than 40, the solubility of
the compound in the lubricating base oil may be decreased, and on
the other hand, in the case where the carbon number of the alkyl
group or alkenyl group is more than 400, the low temperature
fluidity of a lubricating oil composition may be deteriorated. The
alkyl group or alkenyl group may be straight or branched, and
preferred specific examples thereof include a branched alkyl group
or a branched alkenyl group derived from oligomers of olefins such
as propylene, 1-butene and isobutylene, and an ethylene-propylene
co-oligomer.
[0022] More specific examples of the alkenyl succinimide in the
present embodiment include a mono-type alkenyl succinimide
represented by the following formula (1), in which succinic
anhydride is added to one end of a polyamine in imidation, and/or a
bis-type alkenyl succinimide represented by the following formula
(2), in which succinic anhydride is added to both ends of a
polyamine in imidation.
##STR00001##
[0023] In the above formula (1) and formula (2), R.sup.1, R.sup.2
and R.sup.3 each independently represent a straight or branched
alkyl group or alkenyl group whose carbon number is 40 to 400,
preferably whose carbon number is 60 to 350. a represents an
integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 2 to 5, and b
represents an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 2 to
5.
[0024] In the present invention, any of the mono-type and bis-type
succinimides can be used, and the number average molecular weight
of the entire component contained is preferably 500 to 10000, more
preferably 1000 to 5000, and further preferably 2000 to 4000. The
weight average molecular weight of the succinimide is 1000 to
20000, more preferably 2000 to 10000, and further preferably 3000
to 5000. If the number average molecular weight is less than the
lower limit, the solubility in the lubricating base oil may be
decreased, and if it is more than the upper limit, the low
temperature fluidity of a lubricating oil composition may be
deteriorated. In addition, in the cases where the number average
molecular weight is less than the lower limit and where it is more
than the upper limit, sufficient antiwear properties are not
achieved during sliding. The molecular weight of the succinimide in
the present invention was measured by GPC (gel permeation
chromatography).
[0025] In the alkenyl succinimides represented by the above
formulae (1) and (2), the weight average molecular weights of the
groups represented by R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are preferably 200 to
5000, more preferably 500 to 2000, and further preferably 700 to
1500.
[0026] In addition, the nitrogen content of the alkenyl succinimide
is preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 3% by
mass.
[0027] The method for producing the alkenyl succinimide is not
particularly limited, and for example, the alkenyl succinimide is
obtained by reacting a compound having an alkyl group or alkenyl
group whose carbon number is 40 to 400 with maleic anhydride at 100
to 200.degree. C. to obtain an alkyl succinic acid or alkenyl
succinic acid, and reacting the alkyl succinic acid or alkenyl
succinic acid with a polyamine.
[0028] Examples of the polyamine include diethylenetriamine,
triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and
pentaethylenehexamine.
[0029] The boron-containing alkenyl succinimide can be obtained by
allowing a boron compound such as boric acid, borate or boric acid
ester to act on the alkenyl succinimides represented by the above
formula (1) and formula (2). Examples of the boric acid include
orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, or tetraboric acid.
[0030] As the succinimide compound in the present embodiment, any
of one containing boron and one not containing boron can be used,
but the alkenyl succinimide not containing boron is preferable from
the viewpoint of seizure resistance, and the boron content in the
case of blending the boron-containing alkenyl succinimide is more
than 0% by mass and 1.0% by mass or less, preferably more than 0%
by mass and 0.5% by mass or less, and more preferably more than 0%
by mass and 0.025% by mass or less, based on the total amount of
the boron-containing alkenyl succinimide. If the boron content is
more than 1.0% by mass, the seizure resistance of the aluminum
material may be insufficient.
[0031] The content of the alkenyl succinimide is 0.5 to 15% by mass
and preferably 1.5 to 10% by mass based on the total amount of the
grease composition. If the content of the alkenyl succinimide is
less than 0.5% by mass, the effect of adding the alkenyl
succinimide is not sufficiently exerted, and on the other hand, if
it is more than 10% by mass, the effect matching the content of the
alkenyl succinimide is not achieved in terms of the seizure
resistance of the aluminum material, resulting in an economic
disadvantage.
[0032] The grease composition according to the present embodiment
can, if necessary, contain additives such as a solid lubricating
agent, an extreme pressure agent, an antioxidizing agent, an oily
agent, a rust-preventive agent, and a viscosity index improver in
order to further enhance performance, as long as properties thereof
are not impaired.
[0033] Specific examples of the solid lubricating agent include
graphite, carbon black, boron nitride, graphite fluoride,
polytetrafluoroethylene, molybdenum disulfide, antimony sulfide,
and alkali (earth) metal borates.
[0034] Specific examples of the antioxidizing agent include
phenol-based compounds such as 2,6-di-t-butylphenol and
2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol; amine-based compounds such as dialkyl
diphenylamine, phenyl-.alpha.-naphthylamine, and
p-alkylphenyl-.alpha.-naphthylamine; sulfur-based compounds; and
phenothiazine-based compounds.
[0035] Specific examples of the extreme pressure agent include
sulfide fats and oils, sulfide esters, sulfides, organic molybdenum
compounds, phosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid esters, acidic
phosphoric acid esters, thiophosphates, and thiophosphites.
[0036] Specific examples of the oily agent include amines such as
laurylamine, myristylamine, palmitylamine, stearylamine, and
oleylamine; higher alcohols such as Iauryl alcohol, myristyl
alcohol, palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and oleyl alcohol;
higher fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic
acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid; fatty acid esters such as
methyl laurate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl
stearate, methyl oleate, glycerol monooleate, and glycerol
monostearate; amides such as laurylamide, myristylamide,
palmitylamide, stearylamide, and oleylamide; and fats and oils.
[0037] Specific examples of the rust-preventive agent include metal
soaps; polyhydric alcohol partial esters such as sorbitan fatty
acid ester; amines; phosphoric acid; and phosphates.
[0038] Specific examples of the viscosity index improver include
polymethacrylate, polyisobutylene, and polystyrene.
[0039] The dropping point of the grease composition according to
the present embodiment is preferably 80.degree. C. or higher and
more preferably 150.degree. C. or higher. If the dropping point is
lower than the lower limit, the grease composition cannot be kept
in the form of gel in use at a constant temperature, resulting in
lubrication failure and contamination of surrounding in some
cases.
[0040] The grease composition according to the present embodiment
can be suitably used for lubricating a lubricating part in which at
least one of members has aluminum or a non-ferrous metal.
Therefore, the grease composition according to the present
embodiment is very useful as grease for non-ferrous metals in the
fields of transport and structure in which weight savings are
important. Herein, the reason why the grease composition according
to the present embodiment has the excellent effects as described
above is because the alkenyl succinimide compound strongly adsorbs
to the non-ferrous metal to form a robust oil film, thereby leading
to significant enhancement in lubricating properties.
[0041] As the non-ferrous metal, at least one selected from
aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium, nickel, chromium zinc, tin,
lead and titanium, and alloys thereof can be used. It is more
preferable that the non-ferrous metal be, among them, at least one
selected from aluminum, magnesium, copper and titanium, and alloys
thereof. Herein, it is preferable that these alloys be made of
metal such as aluminum as a main component, and it is preferable
that the content of metals other than the main component be less
than 10% by mass and further less than 2% by mass.
[0042] In addition, it is preferable that the Vickers hardness of
the non-ferrous metal be 150 or less, and it is more preferable
that it be 100 or less.
EXAMPLES
[0043] Hereinafter, the present invention will be more specifically
described based on Examples and Comparative Examples, but the
present invention is not limited to the following Examples at
all.
Examples 1 to 11, Comparative Examples 1 to 6
[0044] In Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, each of
lubricating base oils and each of additives shown below were used
to prepare a grease composition having composition shown in Tables
1 to 3. Herein, the nitrogen content and the boron content of each
of C1 to C4 mean the contents of nitrogen and boron based on the
total amount of the boron-containing alkenyl succinimide.
<Lubricating Base Oil>
[0045] A1: poly-.alpha.-olefin (kinetic viscosity at 40.degree. C.:
47 mm.sup.2/s) [0046] A2: mineral oil (highly refined oil, kinetic
viscosity at 40.degree. C.: 95 mm.sup.2/s) [0047] A3: polyol ester
oil (kinetic viscosity at 40.degree. C.: 30 mm.sup.2/s)
<Thickener>
[0047] [0048] B1: urea-based thickener [0049] B2: Ca soap [0050]
B3: Li soap [0051] B4: Li soap-mixed soap
<Alkenyl Succinimide>
[0051] [0052] C1: alkenyl succinimide (weight average molecular
weight of polybutenyl group: 1000, nitrogen content: 1.3%, boron
content: 0%, number average molecular weight of entire compound:
3030, weight average molecular weight of entire compound: 4490)
[0053] C2: boron-containing alkenyl succinimide (weight average
molecular weight of polybutenyl group: 1300, nitrogen content:
1.6%, boron content: 0.44%, number average molecular weight of
entire compound: 3070, weight average molecular weight of entire
compound: 4430) [0054] C3: boron-containing alkenyl succinimide
(weight average molecular weight of polybutenyl group: 1000,
nitrogen content: 2.3%, boron content: 1.9%, number average
molecular weight of entire compound: 3010, weight average molecular
weight of entire compound: 4180) [0055] C4: boron-containing
alkenyl succinimide (weight average molecular weight of polybutenyl
group: 2300, nitrogen content: 0.88%, boron content: 0.23%, number
average molecular weight of entire compound: 4940, weight average
molecular weight of entire compound: 8040) <Other additives>
[0056] D1: lauryl alcohol [0057] D2: glycerol monooleate [0058] D3:
TCP (tricresyl phosphate) [0059] D4: MoDTC (molybdenum
dithiocarbamate)
[0060] The specific method of adjusting each of the grease
compositions of Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 is
as follows.
[0061] First, in Examples 1 to 6, 10 and 11, and Comparative
Example 2, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate was dissolved in any
of lubricating base oils A1 to A3 with heating, and a product
prepared by dissolving cyclohexylamine in any of lubricating base
oils A1 to A3 with heating was added thereto. Any of alkenyl
succinimides C1 to C4 was added to the produced gel-like substance,
stirred and then passed through a roll mill to obtain a urea-based
grease composition.
[0062] In addition, in Examples 7 to 9, a thickener B2, B3 or B4
and an alkenyl succinimide C1 were added to a lubricating base oil
A1 (poly-.alpha.-olefin), stirred and then passed through a roll
mill to obtain a soap type grease composition.
[0063] In addition, in Comparative Example 1,
diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate was dissolved in a lubricating
base oil A1 with heating, and a product prepared by dissolving
cyclohexylamine in any of lubricating base oils A1 to A3 with
heating was added thereto. The produced gel-like substance was
stirred, and then passed through a roll mill to obtain a urea-based
grease composition.
[0064] In addition, in Comparative Examples 3 to 6,
diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate was dissolved in a lubricating
base oil A1 with heating, and a product prepared by dissolving
cyclohexylamine in a lubricating base oil Al with heating was added
thereto, Any of other additives D1 to D4 was added to the produced
gel-like substance, stirred and then passed through a roll mill to
obtain a urea-based grease composition, Herein, the dropping point
of the urea-based grease composition of the present Example was
250.degree. C. or higher.
[0065] [SRV Oscillating Friction and Wear Test I]
[0066] Each of the grease compositions of Examples 1 to 11 and
Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was subjected to the SRV friction and
wear test under the following conditions to measure an SRV test
seizure load (N).
<Test Conditions>
[0067] Test piece: 10 mm.phi. steel ball (SUJ2)/aluminum alloy
plate (ADC12) Oil temperature: 25.degree. C. [0068] Stroke: 2 mm
[0069] Frequency: 30 Hz [0070] Time: 10 minutes
[0071] In accordance with ASTM D5706-97 (Standard Test Method for
Determining Extream Pressure Properties of Lubricating greases
Using A High-Frequency, Linera-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine), a
load at the time when the friction coefficient exceeded 0.2 during
the sliding test for 10 minutes was determined as a seizure load
(N).
[0072] The obtained results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4
Example 5 Example 6 Lubricating base A1 Balance Balance Balance
Balance -- -- oil, A2 -- -- -- -- Balance -- % by mass A3 -- -- --
-- -- Balance Thickener, B1 17 17 17 17 17 17 % by mass B2 -- -- --
-- -- -- B3 -- -- -- -- -- -- B4 -- -- -- -- -- -- Alkenyl C1 10 5
0.5 -- 5 5 succinimide, C2 -- -- -- 5 -- -- % by mass C3 -- -- --
-- -- -- C4 -- -- -- -- -- -- Other additives, D1 -- -- -- -- -- --
% by mass D2 -- -- -- -- -- -- D3 -- -- -- -- -- -- D4 -- -- -- --
-- -- SRV test seizure load, N 350 300 250 200 300 300
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10
Example 11 Lubricating base A1 Balance Balance Balance Balance
Balance oil, A2 -- -- -- -- -- % by mass A3 -- -- -- -- --
Thickener, B1 -- -- -- 17 17 % by mass B2 13 -- -- -- -- B3 -- 10
-- -- -- B4 -- -- 10 -- -- Alkenyl C1 5 5 5 -- -- succinimide, C2
-- -- -- -- -- % by mass C3 -- -- -- 5 -- C4 -- -- -- -- 5 Other
additives, D1 -- -- -- -- -- % by mass D2 -- -- -- -- -- D3 -- --
-- -- -- D4 -- -- -- -- -- SRV test seizure load, N 350 250 300 200
200
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Lubricating base A1 Balance Balance
Balance Balance Balance Balance oil, A2 -- -- -- -- -- -- % by mass
A3 -- -- -- -- -- -- Thickener, B1 17 17 17 17 17 % by mass B2 --
-- -- -- -- 13 B3 -- -- -- -- -- -- B4 -- -- -- -- -- -- Alkenyl C1
-- 0.2 -- -- -- -- succinimide, C2 -- -- -- -- -- -- % by mass C3
-- -- -- -- -- -- C4 -- -- -- -- -- -- Other additives, D1 -- -- 5
-- -- -- % by mass D2 -- -- -- 5 -- -- D3 -- -- -- -- 5 -- D4 -- --
-- -- -- 5 SRV test seizure load, N 100 100 100 100 100 100
[0073] It can be seen from the results shown in Tables 1 and 2 that
the grease compositions of Examples 1 to 11 are each a grease
composition whose seizure load in sliding of an iron-aluminum alloy
is high to allow the frictional wear of iron and an aluminum alloy
to be lower.
[0074] On the contrary, it can be seen from the results shown in
Table 3 that the grease compositions of Comparative Examples 1 and
2, to which the alkenyl succinimide is not added, are insufficient
in the effect of reducing wear on sliding of an iron-aluminum
alloy. Also, the grease compositions of Comparative Examples 4 to 5
are insufficient in the effect of reducing wear on sliding of an
iron-aluminum alloy under a high load, although they each contain
lauryl alcohol or glycerol monooleate having an effect on antiwear
properties of a non-ferrous metal.
[0075] It can also be seen that the grease compositions of
Comparative Examples 6 to 7 are insufficient in the effect of
reducing wear on sliding of an iron-aluminum alloy as in the grease
compositions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, although they each
contain tricresyl phosphate (TCP) or an organic molybdenum compound
(MoDTC) having the effect of preventing seizure between iron
materials under extreme pressure.
[0076] The results support that, even if lauryl alcohol, glycerol
monooleate, TCP or MoDTC is used, the surface modification by the
chemical reaction is not made to the aluminum material, not
achieving the effect of preventing galling (seizure).
Examples 12 to 17, Comparative Examples 7 to 9
[0077] In Examples 12 to 17 and Comparative Examples 7 to 9, each
of the lubricating base oils A1 to A3 and each of the additives B1,
C1, C2, D1 and D3 were used to prepare a grease composition having
composition shown in Tables 4 and 5.
[0078] The specific method of adjusting each of the grease
compositions of Examples 12 to 17 and Comparative Examples 7 to 9
is as follows.
[0079] First, in Examples 12 to 17,
diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate was dissolved in any of the
lubricating base oils A1 to A3 with heating, and a product prepared
by dissolving cyclohexylamine in any of the lubricating base oils
A1 to A3 with heating was added thereto. Any of the alkenyl
succinimides C1 and C2 was added to the produced gel-like
substance, stirred and then passed through a roll mill to obtain a
urea-based grease composition.
[0080] In addition, in Comparative Examples 7,
diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate was dissolved in the lubricating
base oil A1 with heating, and a product prepared by dissolving
cyclohexylamine in any of the lubricating base oils A1 to A3 with
heating was added thereto. The produced gel-like substance was
stirred, and then passed through a roll mill to obtain a urea-based
grease composition.
[0081] In addition, in Comparative Examples 8 and 9,
diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate was dissolved in the lubricating
base oil A1 with heating, and a product prepared by dissolving
cyclohexylamine in the lubricating base oil A1 with heating was
added thereto. Any of other additives D1 to D4 was added to the
produced gel-like substance, stirred and then passed through a roll
mill to obtain a urea-based grease composition.
[0082] [SRV Oscillating Friction and Wear Test II]
[0083] Each of the grease compositions of Examples 12 to 17 and
Comparative Examples 7 to 9 was subjected to the SRV friction and
wear test in the same manner as in the above SRV oscillating
friction and wear test I except that the aluminum alloy plate (ADC
12) of the test piece was changed to a magnesium alloy plate
(AZ31), to measure an SRV test seizure load (N). The obtained
results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example
Example 12 13 14 15 16 17 Lubricating base A1 -- -- -- -- Balance
-- oil, A2 Balance Balance Balance Balance -- -- % by mass A3 -- --
-- -- -- Balance Thickener, B1 17 17 17 17 17 17 % by mass B2 -- --
-- -- -- -- B3 -- -- -- -- -- -- B4 -- -- -- -- -- -- Alkenyl C1 10
5 0.5 -- 5 5 succinimide, C2 -- -- -- 5 -- -- % by mass C3 -- -- --
-- -- -- C4 -- -- -- -- -- -- Other additives, D1 -- -- -- -- -- --
% by mass D2 -- -- -- -- -- -- D3 -- -- -- -- -- -- D4 -- -- -- --
-- -- SRV test seizure load, N 400 300 200 200 300 300
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example
7 Example 8 Example 9 Lubricating base oil, % A1 Balance Balance
Balance by mass A2 -- -- -- A3 -- -- -- Thickener, B1 17 17 17 % by
mass B2 -- -- -- B3 -- -- -- B4 -- -- -- Alkenyl C1 -- -- --
succinimide, C2 -- -- -- % by mass C3 -- -- -- C4 -- -- -- Other
additives, D1 -- 5 -- % by mass D2 -- -- -- D3 -- -- 5 D4 -- -- --
SRV test seizure load, N 100 100 100
[0084] It can be seen from the results shown in Table 4 that the
grease compositions of Examples 12 to 17 are each a grease
composition whose seizure load in sliding of an iron-magnesium
alloy is high to allow the frictional wear of iron and a magnesium
alloy to be lower.
[0085] On the contrary, it can be seen from the results shown in
Table 5 that the grease composition of Comparative Example 7, to
which the alkenyl succinimide is not added, is insufficient in the
effect of reducing wear on sliding of an iron-magnesium alloy. It
can also be seen that the grease compositions of Comparative
Examples 8 and 9 are insufficient in the effect of reducing wear on
sliding of an iron-magnesium alloy as in the grease composition of
Comparative Example 7, although they each contain lauryl alcohol
having the effect of preventing wear on the non-ferrous metal or
tricresyl phosphate (TCP) having the effect of preventing seizure
between iron materials under extreme pressure. The results support
that, even if lauryl alcohol or TCP is used, the surface
modification by the chemical reaction is not made to the magnesium
material such as magnesium and a magnesium alloy, not achieving the
effect of preventing galling (seizure).
[Example 18, Comparative Example 10
[0086] In Example 18 and Comparative Example 10, the lubricating
base oil A1 and each of the additives B1 and C1 were used to
prepare a grease composition having each composition shown in Table
6.
[0087] The specific method of adjusting each of the grease
compositions of Example 18 and Comparative Example 10 is as
follows.
[0088] First, in Example 18, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate was
dissolved in the lubricating base oil A1 with heating, and a
product prepared by dissolving cyclohexylamine in the lubricating
base oil A1 with heating was added thereto. The alkenyl succinimide
C1 was added to the produced gel-like substance, stirred and then
passed through a roll mill to obtain a urea-based grease
composition. In addition, in Comparative Example 10,
diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate was dissolved in the lubricating
base oil A1 with heating, and a product prepared by dissolving
cyclohexylamine in the lubricating base oil A1 with heating was
added thereto. The produced gel-like substance was stirred, and
then passed through a roll mill to obtain a urea-based grease
composition,
[0089] [SRV Oscillating Friction and Wear Test III]
[0090] Each of the grease compositions of Example 18 and
Comparative Example 10 was subjected to the SRV friction and wear
test in the same manner as in the above SRV oscillating friction
and wear test I except that the aluminum alloy plate (ADC12) of the
test piece was changed to a copper alloy plate (C3604 material), to
measure an SRV test seizure load (N). The obtained results are
shown in Table 6.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Example 18 Comparative Example 10
Lubricating base oil, % by A1 Balance Balance mass A2 -- -- A3 --
-- Thickener, B1 17 17 % by mass B2 -- -- B3 -- -- B4 -- -- Alkenyl
C1 5 -- succinimide, C2 -- -- % by mass C3 -- -- C4 -- -- Other
additives, D1 -- -- % by mass D2 -- -- D3 -- -- D4 -- -- SRV test
seizure load, N 400 100
[0091] It can be seen from the results shown in Table 6 that the
grease composition of Example 18 is a grease composition whose
seizure load in sliding of an iron-copper alloy is high to allow
the frictional wear of iron and a copper alloy to be lower.
[0092] On the contrary, it can be seen from the results shown in
Table 6 that the grease composition of Comparative Example 10, to
which the alkenyl succinimide is not added, is insufficient in the
effect of reducing wear on sliding of an iron-copper alloy.
* * * * *