U.S. patent application number 13/736603 was filed with the patent office on 2014-01-23 for fungicidal compositions.
This patent application is currently assigned to SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is Syngenta Crop Protection LLC. Invention is credited to Birgit FORSTER, Jeremy GODWIN, V, Duncan MCKENZIE.
Application Number | 20140024667 13/736603 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37900114 |
Filed Date | 2014-01-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140024667 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
FORSTER; Birgit ; et
al. |
January 23, 2014 |
FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITIONS
Abstract
A composition for control of phytopathogenic diseases on useful
plants or on propagation material thereof, that, in addition to
customary inert formulation adjuvants, comprises as active
ingredient a mixture of component (A) and a synergistically
effective amount of component (B), wherein component (A) is
Cyprodinil; and component (B) a compound selected from compounds
known for their fungicidal activity, is particularly effective in
controlling or preventing fungal diseases of useful plants.
Inventors: |
FORSTER; Birgit; (Basel,
CH) ; MCKENZIE; Duncan; (Basel, CH) ; GODWIN,
V; Jeremy; (Stein, CH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Syngenta Crop Protection LLC; |
|
|
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION
LLC
|
Family ID: |
37900114 |
Appl. No.: |
13/736603 |
Filed: |
January 8, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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12088030 |
Mar 25, 2008 |
8349345 |
|
|
PCT/EP06/09403 |
Sep 27, 2006 |
|
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13736603 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/275 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 43/54 20130101;
A01N 43/56 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N 43/56 20130101; A01N
43/54 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N
43/78 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N 47/44 20130101; A01N
37/34 20130101; A01N 47/04 20130101; A01N 47/12 20130101; A01N
2300/00 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N 43/78 20130101; A01N
35/04 20130101; A01N 43/90 20130101; A01N 43/32 20130101; A01N
43/80 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N
37/26 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N
43/78 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N 47/12 20130101; A01N
41/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/275 |
International
Class: |
A01N 43/40 20060101
A01N043/40; A01N 43/54 20060101 A01N043/54 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 29, 2005 |
EP |
05021278.6 |
Nov 28, 2005 |
EP |
05025915.9 |
Claims
1. A composition for control of phytopathogenic diseases on useful
plants or on propagation material thereof, that comprises as active
ingredient a mixture of component (A) and a synergistically
effective amount of component (B), wherein component (A) is
Cyprodinil; and component (B) is a compound of formula A-2
##STR00007##
2. A composition according to claim 1; wherein a weight ratio of
component (A) to component (B) is from 2000:1 to 1:1000.
3. A method of controlling phytopathogenic diseases on useful
plants or on propagation material thereof, which comprises applying
to the useful plants, the locus thereof or propagation material
thereof a composition according to claim 1.
4. A method of controlling phytopathogenic diseases on useful
plants, which comprises applying to the useful plants or the locus
thereof a composition according to claim 1.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the useful plants are
cereal plants.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein the useful plants are
fruit plants or vegetable plants.
7. A method according to claim 4, wherein the useful plants are
grape plants.
8. A method of protecting natural substances of plant origin, which
have been taken from the natural life cycle, which comprises
applying to said natural substances of plant origin or their
processed forms a composition according to claim 1.
9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein Cyprodinil is
present as (i) a salt of Cyprodinil or (ii) a metal complex of
Cyprodinil.
10. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of
component (A) to component (B) is from 100:1 and 1:100.
11. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the weight ratio
of component (A) to component (B) is from 20:1 and 1:50.
12. A method according to claim 4, wherein the useful plants are
wheat plants.
13. A method according to claim 4, wherein the step of applying
comprises applying Cyprodinil at a rate of 5 to 2000 g a.i./ha and
the compound of formula A-2 at a rate of 1 to 5000 g a.i./ha.
14. A method according to claim 4, wherein the step of applying
comprises applying from 20 to 4000 g of the composition per
hectare.
Description
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No.
12/088,030, filed Mar. 25, 2008, which is a 371 of International
Application No. PCT/EP2006/009403 filed Sep. 27, 2006, which claims
priority from EP 05021278.6 filed Sep. 29, 2005 and EP 05025915.9
filed Nov. 28, 2005; the contents of all above-named applications
are incorporated herein by reference.
[0002] The present invention relates to novel fungicidal
compositions for the treatment of phytopathogenic diseases of
useful plants, especially phytopathogenic fungi, and to a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on useful plants.
[0003] EP-0-310-550 discloses Cyprodinil
((4-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl-amine), a fungicide
which is effective against a number of diseases caused by
ascomycetes or deuteromycetes. On the other hand various fungicidal
compounds of different chemical classes are widely known as plant
fungicides for application in various crops of cultivated plants.
However, crop tolerance and activity against phytopathogenic plant
fungi do not always satisfy the needs of agricultural practice in
many incidents and aspects.
[0004] Out of the above-mentioned needs of agricultural practice
for increased crop tolerance and/or increased activity against
phytopathogenic plant fungi, there is therefore proposed in
accordance with the present invention a novel synergistic
composition for control of phytopathogenic diseases on useful
plants or on propagation material thereof, that in addition to
customary inert formulation adjuvants, comprises as active
ingredient a mixture of component (A) and a synergistically
effective amount of component (B), wherein
component (A) is Cyprodinil (208); and component (B) is a compound
selected from Dodine (289); Chlorothalonil (142); Folpet (400);
Prothioconazole (685); Boscalid (88); Proquinazid (682); Dithianon
(279); Fluazinam (363); Ipconazole (468); Metrafenone; a compound
of formula A-1
##STR00001##
a compound of formula A-2
##STR00002##
a compound of formula A-3
##STR00003##
a compound of formula A-4
##STR00004##
a compound of formula A-5
##STR00005##
and a compound of formula A-6
##STR00006##
[0005] It has now been found, surprisingly, that the active
ingredient mixture according to the invention not only brings about
the additive enhancement of the spectrum of action with respect to
the phytopathogen to be controlled that was in principle to be
expected but achieves a synergistic effect which extends the range
of action of the component (A) and of the component (B) in two
ways. Firstly, the rates of application of the component (A) and of
the component (B) are lowered whilst the action remains equally
good. Secondly, the active ingredient mixture still achieves a high
degree of phytopathogen control even where the two individual
components have become totally ineffective in such a low
application rate range. This allows, on the one hand, a substantial
broadening of the spectrum of phytopathogens that can be controlled
and, on the other hand, increased safety in use.
[0006] However, besides the actual synergistic action with respect
to fungicidal activity, the pesticidal compositions according to
the invention can also have further surprising advantageous
properties which can also be described, in a wider sense, as
synergistic activity. Examples of such advantageous properties that
may be mentioned are: a broadening of the spectrum of fungicidal
activity to other phytopathogens, for example to resistant strains;
a reduction in the rate of application of the active ingredients;
synergistic activity against animal pests, such as insects or
representatives of the order Acarina; a broadening of the spectrum
of pesticidal activity to other animal pests, for example to
resistant animal pests; adequate pest control with the aid of the
compositions according to the invention, even at a rate of
application at which the individual compounds are totally
ineffective; advantageous behaviour during formulation and/or upon
application, for example upon grinding, sieving, emulsifying,
dissolving or dispensing; increased storage stability; improved
stability to light; more advantageuos degradability; improved
toxicological and/or ecotoxicological behaviour; or improved
characteristics of the useful plants including: emergence, crop
yields, more developed root system, tillering increase, increase in
plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger
tillers, greener leaf colour, less fertilizers needed, less seeds
needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain
maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth,
improved plant vigor, and early germination.
[0007] A further aspect of the instant invention is a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on useful plants or on
propagation material thereof, which comprises applying to the
useful plants, the locus thereof or propagation material thereof a
composition according to the invention.
[0008] Cyprodinil and some components B) are described in "The
Pesticide Manual" [The Pesticide Manual--A World Compendium;
Thirteenth Edition; Editor: C. D. S. Tomlin; The British Crop
Protection Council]. Cyprodinil and those components B) are
described therein under the entry number given in round brackets
hereinabove for the particular component A) or B); for example, the
compound "Chlorothalonil" is described under entry number (142).
All of those components A) or B) are referred to hereinabove by a
so-called "common name".
[0009] The following components B) are registered under a CAS-Reg.
No.: Metrafenone (CAS 220899-03-6); the compound of formula A-1 is
described in WO 98/46607 and is registered under CAS-214706-53-3;
the compound of formula A-2 is described in WO 02/062759 and in WO
01/010825, is registered under CAS-Reg. No.: 325156-49-8 and is
also known as Pyribencarb; the compound of formula A-3 is described
in WO 00/065913 and is registered under CAS-304911-98-6; the
compound of formula A-4 is described in EP-1-035-122 and is
registered under CAS-291771-99-8 and CAS-291771-83-0; the compound
of formula A-5 is described in WO 96/19442 and is also known as
Cyflufenamid (CAS-180409-60-3); and the compound of formula A-6 is
described in JP-2000-319270 and is registered under
CAS-304900-25-2.
[0010] According to the instant invention component (A) and/or
component (B) can be used to prepare the compositions of the
invention either in the free form or as a salt or metal complex
thereof.
[0011] An example of a compound, that can be used to prepare the
compositions of the invention either in the free form or as a salt
or metal complex thereof, is cyprodinil.
[0012] Of the acids that can be used for the preparation of salts
of cyprodinil, the following may be mentioned: hydrohalic acids,
such as hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid or
hydriodic acid; sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and
organic acids, such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid,
trichloroacetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, thiocyanic
acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid,
cinnamic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, benzenesulfonic acid,
p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, salicylic acid,
p-aminosalicylic acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid
and 1,2-naphthalene-disulfonic acid.
[0013] Metal complexes consist of the underlying organic molecule
and an inorganic or organic metal salt, for example a halide,
nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, acetate, trifluoroacetate,
trichloroacetate, propionate, tartrate, sulfonate, salicylate,
benzoate, etc., of an element of main group II, such as calcium and
magnesium, and of main groups III and IV, such as aluminium, tin or
lead, and of subgroups I to VIII, such as chromium, manganese,
iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, etc. Preference is given to the
subgroup elements of the 4th period. The metals may have any of the
different valencies in which they occur. The metal complexes can be
mono- or poly-nuclear, i.e. they can contain one or more organic
molecule components as ligands.
[0014] In one embodiment of the invention, cyprodinil is used in
the free form to prepare the compositions of the invention.
[0015] In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of
component (B) is used in the free form to prepare the compositions
of the invention.
[0016] Throughout this document the expression "composition" stands
for the various mixtures or combinations of components A) and B),
for example in a single "ready-mix" form, in a combined spray
mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active
ingredient components, such as a "tank-mix", and in a combined use
of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential
manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period,
such as a few hours or days. The order of applying the components
A) and B) is not essential for working the present invention.
[0017] The compositions according to the invention may also
comprise more than one of the active components B), if, for
example, a broadening of the spectrum of phytopathogenic disease
control is desired. For instance, it may be advantageous in the
agricultural practice to combine two or three components B) with
Cyprodinil. Said compositions may comprise also one or more further
agrochemical active ingredients, such as herbicides, fungicides,
insecticides, nematocides or plant-growth regulators.
[0018] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is selected
from Boscalid; Proquinazid; Dodine; Fluazinam; Ipconazole; a
compound of formula A-2; a compound of formula A-3; a compound of
formula A-4 and a compound of formula A-6.
[0019] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is selected
from Boscalid; Dodine; a compound of formula A-2 and a compound of
formula A-3.
[0020] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is selected
from Boscalid; Dodine; Fluazinam and a compound of formula A-2.
[0021] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is selected
from Boscalid; Dodine and a compound of formula A-2.
[0022] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Chlorothalonil.
[0023] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Folpet.
[0024] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Prothioconazole.
[0025] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Boscalid.
[0026] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Proquinazid.
[0027] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Dodine.
[0028] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Dithianon.
[0029] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Fluazinam.
[0030] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Ipconazole.
[0031] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is
Metrafenone.
[0032] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is a
compound of formula A-1.
[0033] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is a
compound of formula A-2.
[0034] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is a
compound of formula A-3.
[0035] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is a
compound of formula A-4.
[0036] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is a
compound of formula A-5.
[0037] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
represented by those compostions, wherein component B) is a
compound of formula A-6.
[0038] The compositions according to the invention are effective
against harmful microorganisms, such as microorganisms, that cause
phytopathogenic diseases, in particular against phytopathogenic
fungi and bacteria.
[0039] The compositions according to the invention are effective
especially against phytopathogenic fungi belonging to the following
classes: Ascomycetes (e.g. Venturia, Podosphaera, Erysiphe,
Monilinia, Mycosphaerella, Uncinula); Basidiomycetes (e.g. the
genus Hemileia, Rhizoctonia, Phakopsora, Puccinia, Ustilago,
Tilletia); Fungi imperfecti (also known as Deuteromycetes; e.g.
Botrytis, Helminthosporium, Rhynchosporium, Fusarium, Septoria,
Cercospora, Alternaria, Pyricularia and Pseudocercosporella).
[0040] According to the invention "useful plants" typically
comprise the following species of plants: grape vines; cereals,
such as wheat, barley, rye or oats; beet, such as sugar beet or
fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits,
for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries,
strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous plants, such
as beans, lentils, peas or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape,
mustard, poppy, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor oil plants,
cocoa beans or groundnuts; cucumber plants, such as marrows,
cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or
jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or
mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus,
cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or
paprika; lauraceae, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; maize;
tobacco; nuts; coffee; sugar cane; tea; vines; hops; durian;
bananas; natural rubber plants; turf or ornamentals, such as
flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens, for example
conifers. This list does not represent any limitation.
[0041] The term "useful plants" is to be understood as including
also useful plants that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides
like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides (such as, for example,
HPPD inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, for example primisulfuron,
prosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron, EPSPS
(5-enol-pyrovyl-shikimate-3-phosphate-synthase) inhibitors, GS
(glutamine synthetase) inhibitors or PPO
(protoporphyrinogen-oxidase) inhibitors) as a result of
conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. An example
of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g.
imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis) is
Clearfield.RTM. summer rape (Canola). Examples of crops that have
been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides by
genetic engineering methods include glyphosate- and
glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under
the trade names RoundupReady.RTM., Herculex I.RTM. and
LibertyLink.RTM..
[0042] The term "useful plants" is to be understood as including
also useful plants which have been so transformed by the use of
recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising
one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for
example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the
genus Bacillus.
[0043] Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants
include, for example, insecticidal proteins, for example
insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popliae; or
insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as
.delta.-endotoxins, e.g. CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIF, CryIF(a2),
CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c, or vegetative
insecticidal proteins (VIP), e.g. VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; or
insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example
Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp., such as Photorhabdus
luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus; toxins produced by animals,
such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other
insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as
Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley
lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors,
such as trypsine inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin,
cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP),
such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin;
steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase,
ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases,
ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers, such
as blockers of sodium or calcium channels, juvenile hormone
esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl
synthase, chitinases and glucanases.
[0044] In the context of the present invention there are to be
understood by .delta.-endotoxins, for example CryIA(b), CryIA(c),
CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c, or
vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), for example VIP1, VIP2,
VIP3 or VIP3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and
modified toxins. Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new
combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for
example, WO 02/15701). An example for a truncated toxin is a
truncated CryIA(b), which is expressed in the Bt11 maize from
Syngenta Seed SAS, as described below. In the case of modified
toxins, one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin
are replaced. In such amino acid replacements, preferably
non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted
into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of CryIIIA055, a
cathepsin-D-recognition sequence is inserted into a CryIIIA toxin
(see WO 03/018810)
[0045] Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of
synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374
753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO
03/052073.
[0046] The processes for the preparation of such transgenic plants
are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are
described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
CryI-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known,
for example, from WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 367 474, EP-A-0 401 979 and
WO 90/13651.
[0047] The toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the
plants tolerance to harmful insects. Such insects can occur in any
taxonomic group of insects, but are especially commonly found in
the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and
butterflies (Lepidoptera).
[0048] Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for
an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known
and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such
plants are: YieldGard.RTM. (maize variety that expresses a CryIA(b)
toxin); YieldGard Rootworm.RTM. (maize variety that expresses a
CryIIIB(b1) toxin); YieldGard Plus.RTM. (maize variety that
expresses a CryIA(b) and a CryIIIB(b1) toxin); Starlink.RTM. (maize
variety that expresses a Cry9(c) toxin); Herculex I.RTM. (maize
variety that expresses a CryIF(a2) toxin and the enzyme
phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to
the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B.RTM. (cotton
variety that expresses a CryIA(c) toxin); Bollgard I.RTM. (cotton
variety that expresses a CryIA(c) toxin); Bollgard II.RTM. (cotton
variety that expresses a CryIA(c) and a CryIIA(b) toxin);
VIPCOT.RTM. (cotton variety that expresses a VIP toxin);
NewLeaf.RTM. (potato variety that expresses a CryIIIA toxin);
Nature-Gard.RTM. and Protecta.RTM..
[0049] Further examples of such transgenic crops are:
1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31
790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10.
Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to
attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia
nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a truncated CryIA(b)
toxin. Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to
achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 2. Bt176
Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St.
Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically
modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by
the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia
nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a CryIA(b) toxin. Bt176
maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve
tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 3. MIR604 Maize
from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St.
Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has
been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a
modified CryIIIA toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by
insertion of a cathepsin-D-protease recognition sequence. The
preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO
03/018810. 4. MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272
Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number
C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a CryIIIB(b1) toxin and has resistance
to certain Coleoptera insects. 5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto
Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium,
registration number C/ES/96/02. 6. 1507 Maize from Pioneer Overseas
Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium,
registration number C/NL/00/10. Genetically modified maize for the
expression of the protein Cry1F for achieving resistance to certain
Lepidoptera insects and of the PAT protein for achieving tolerance
to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 7. NK603.times.MON 810 Maize
from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150
Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of
conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the
genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810. NK603.times.MON
810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained
from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the
herbicide Roundup.RTM. (contains glyphosate), and also a CryIA(b)
toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which
brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European
corn borer.
[0050] Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants are also
described in BATS (Zentrum fur Biosicherheit and Nachhaltigkeit,
Zentrum BATS, Clarastrasse 13, 4058 Basel, Switzerland) Report
2003, (http://bats.ch).
[0051] The term "useful plants" is to be understood as including
also useful plants which have been so transformed by the use of
recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising
antipathogenic substances having a selective action, such as, for
example, the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs, see
e.g. EP-A-0 392 225). Examples of such antipathogenic substances
and transgenic plants capable of synthesising such antipathogenic
substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0 392 225, WO
95/33818, and EP-A-0 353 191. The methods of producing such
transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the
art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned
above.
[0052] Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such
transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such
as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral
KP1, KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases;
chitinases; glucanases; the so-called "pathogenesis-related
proteins" (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic
substances produced by microorganisms, for example peptide
antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g. WO 95/33818) or
protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defence
(so-called "plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO
03/000906).
[0053] Useful plants of elevated interest in connection with
present invention are cereals; soybean; rice; oil seed rape; pome
fruits; stone fruits; peanuts; coffee; tea; strawberries; turf;
vines and vegetables, such as tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits and
lettuce.
[0054] The term "locus" of a useful plant as used herein is
intended to embrace the place on which the useful plants are
growing, where the plant propagation materials of the useful plants
are sown or where the plant propagation materials of the useful
plants will be placed into the soil. An example for such a locus is
a field, on which crop plants are growing.
[0055] The term "plant propagation material" is understood to
denote generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, which can be
used for the multiplication of the latter, and vegetative material,
such as cuttings or tubers, for example potatoes. There may be
mentioned for example seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits,
tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants. Germinated plants and
young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or
after emergence from the soil, may also be mentioned. These young
plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or
partial treatment by immersion.
[0056] Preferably "plant propagation material" is understood to
denote seeds.
[0057] A further aspect of the instant invention is a method of
protecting natural substances of plant and/or animal origin, which
have been taken from the natural life cycle, and/or their processed
forms against attack of fungi, which comprises applying to said
natural substances of plant and/or animal origin or their processed
forms a compositions according to the invention.
[0058] According to the instant invention, the term "natural
substances of plant origin, which have been taken from the natural
life cycle" denotes plants or parts thereof which have been
harvested from the natural life cycle and which are in the freshly
harvested form. Examples of such natural substances of plant origin
are stalks, leafs, tubers, seeds, fruits or grains. According to
the instant invention, the term "processed form of a natural
substance of plant origin" is understood to denote a form of a
natural substance of plant origin that is the result of a
modification process. Such modification processes can be used to
transform the natural substance of plant origin in a more storable
form of such a substance (a storage good). Examples of such
modification processes are pre-drying, moistening, crushing,
comminuting, grounding, compressing or roasting. Also falling under
the definition of a processed form of a natural substance of plant
origin is timber, whether in the form of crude timber, such as
construction timber, electricity pylons and barriers, or in the
form of finished articles, such as furniture or objects made from
wood.
[0059] According to the instant invention, the term "natural
substances of animal origin, which have been taken from the natural
life cycle and/or their processed forms" is understood to denote
material of animal origin such as skin, hides, leather, furs, hairs
and the like.
[0060] The compositions according to the invention can prevent
disadvantageous effects such as decay, discoloration or mold.
[0061] A preferred embodiment is a method of protecting natural
substances of plant origin, which have been taken from the natural
life cycle, and/or their processed forms against attack of fungi,
which comprises applying to said natural substances of plant and/or
animal origin or their processed forms a compositions according to
the invention.
[0062] A further preferred embodiment is a method of protecting
fruits, preferably pomes, stone fruits, soft fruits and citrus
fruits, which have been taken from the natural life cycle, and/or
their processed forms, which comprises applying to said fruits
and/or their processed forms a compositions according to the
invention.
[0063] The compositions according to the invention may also be used
in the field of protecting industrial material against attack of
fungi. According to the instant invention, the term "industrial
material" denotes non-live material which have been prepared for
use in industry. For example, industrial materials which are
intended to be protected against attack of fungi can be glues,
sizes, paper, board, textiles, carpets, leather, wood,
constructions, paints, plastic articles, cooling lubricants,
aquaeous hydraulic fluids and other materials which can be infested
with, or decomposed by, microorganisms. Cooling and heating
systems, ventilation and air conditioning systems and parts of
production plants, for example cooling-water circuits, which may be
impaired by multiplication of microorganisms may also be mentioned
from amongst the materials to be protected. The compositions
according to the invention can prevent disadvantageous effects such
as decay, discoloration or mold.
[0064] The compositions according to the invention may also be used
in the field of protecting technical material against attack of
fungi. According to the instant invention, the term "technical
material" includes paper; carpets; constructions; cooling and
heating systems; ventilation and air conditioning systems and the
like. The compositions according to the invention can prevent
disadvantageous effects such as decay, discoloration or mold.
[0065] The compositions according to the invention are particularly
effective against powdery mildews; rusts; leafspot species; early
blights and molds; especially against Septoria, Puccinia, Erysiphe,
Rhynchosporium, Pyrenophora and Tapesia in cereals; Phakopsora in
soybeans; Hemileia in coffee; Phragmidium in roses; Alternaria in
potatoes, tomatoes and cucurbits; Sclerotinia in turf, vegetables,
sunflower and oil seed rape; black rot, red fire, powdery mildew,
grey mold and dead arm disease in vine; Botrytis cinerea in fruits;
Venturia and Monilinia spp. in fruits and Penicillium spp. in
fruits.
[0066] The compositions according to the invention are furthermore
particularly effective against seed borne and soilborne diseases,
such as Alternaria spp., Ascochyta spp., Botrytis cinerea,
Cercospora spp., Claviceps purpurea, Cochliobolus sativus,
Colletotrichum spp., Epicoccum spp., Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium
moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium
solani, Fusarium subglutinans, Gaumannomyces graminis,
Helminthosporium spp., Microdochium nivale, Phoma spp., Pyrenophora
graminea, Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia
cerealis, Sclerotinia spp., Septoria spp., Sphacelotheca reilliana,
Tilletia spp., Typhula incarnata, Urocystis occulta, Ustilago spp.
or Verticillium spp.; in particular against pathogens of cereals,
such as wheat, barley, rye or oats; maize; rice; cotton; soybean;
turf; sugarbeet; oil seed rape; potatoes; pulse crops, such as
peas, lentils or chickpea; and sunflower.
[0067] The compositions according to the invention are furthermore
particularly effective against post harvest diseasese such as
Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum musae, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium
semitecum, Geotrichum candidum, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia
fructigena, Monilinia laxa, Mucor piriformis, Penicilium italicum,
Penicilium solitum, Penicillium digitatum or Penicillium expansum
in particular against pathogens of fruits, such as pomefruits, for
example apples and pears, stone fruits, for example peaches and
plums, citrus, melons, papaya, kiwi, mango, berries, for example
strawberries, avocados, pomegranates and bananas, and nuts.
[0068] The amount of a composition according to the invention to be
applied, will depend on various factors, such as the compounds
employed; the subject of the treatment, such as, for example
plants, soil or seeds; the type of treatment, such as, for example
spraying, dusting or seed dressing; the purpose of the treatment,
such as, for example prophylactic or therapeutic; the type of fungi
to be controlled or the application time.
[0069] It has been found that the use of components B) in
combination with Cyprodinil surprisingly and substantially enhance
the effectiveness of the latter against fungi, and vice versa.
Additionally, the method of the invention is effective against a
wider spectrum of such fungi that can be combated with the active
ingredients of this method, when used solely.
[0070] The weight ratio of A):B) is so selected as to give a
synergistic activity. In general the weight ratio of A):B) is
between 2000:1 and 1:1000, preferably between 100:1 and 1:100, more
preferably between 20:1 and 1:50.
[0071] The synergistic activity of the compositions according to
the invention is apparent from the fact that the fungicidal
activity of the composition of A)+B) is greater than the sum of the
fungicidal activities of A) and B).
[0072] The method of the invention comprises applying to the useful
plants, the locus thereof or propagation material thereof in
admixture or separately, a composition according to the
invention.
[0073] Some of said compositions according to the invention have a
systemic action and can be used as foliar, soil and seed treatment
fungicides.
[0074] With the compositions according to the invention it is
possible to inhibit or destroy the phytopathogenic microorganisms
which occur in plants or in parts of plants (fruit, blossoms,
leaves, stems, tubers, roots) in different useful plants, while at
the same time the parts of plants which grow later are also
protected from attack by phytopathogenic microorganisms.
[0075] The compositions according to the invention are of
particular interest for controlling a large number of fungi in
various useful plants or their seeds, especially in field crops
such as potatoes, tobacco and sugarbeets, and wheat, rye, barley,
oats, rice, maize, lawns, cotton, soybeans, oil seed rape, pulse
crops, sunflower, coffee, sugarcane, fruit and ornamentals in
horticulture and viticulture, in vegetables such as cucumbers,
beans and cucurbits.
[0076] The compositions according to the invention are applied by
treating the fungi, the useful plants, the locus thereof, the
propagation material thereof, the natural substances of plant
and/or animal origin, which have been taken from the natural life
cycle, and/or their processed forms, or the industrial materials
threatened by fungus attack with a compositions according to the
invention.
[0077] The compositions according to the invention may be applied
before or after infection of the useful plants, the propagation
material thereof, the natural substances of plant and/or animal
origin, which have been taken from the natural life cycle, and/or
their processed forms, or the industrial materials by the
fungi.
[0078] The compositions according to the invention are particularly
useful for controlling the following plant diseases:
Alternaria species in fruit and vegetables, Ascochyta species in
pulse crops, Botrytis cinerea in strawberries, tomatoes, sunflower,
pulse crops, vegetables and grapes, Cercospora arachidicola in
peanuts, Cochliobolus sativus in cereals, Colletotrichum species in
pulse crops, Erysiphe species in cereals, Erysiphe cichoracearum
and Sphaerotheca fuliginea in cucurbits, Fusarium species in
cereals and maize, Gaumannomyces graminis in cereals and lawns,
Helminthosporium species in maize, rice and potatoes, Hemileia
vastatrix on coffee, Microdochium species in wheat and rye,
Phakopsora species in soybean, Puccinia species in cereals,
broadleaf crops and perrenial plants, Pseudocercosporella species
in cereals, Phragmidium mucronatum in roses, Podosphaera species in
fruits, Pyrenophora species in barley, Pyricularia oryzae in rice,
Ramularia collo-cygni in barley, Rhizoctonia species in cotton,
soybean, cereals, maize, potatoes, rice and lawns, Rhynchosporium
secalis in barley and rye, Sclerotinia species in lawns, lettuce,
vegetables and oil seed rape, Septoria species in cereals, soybean
and vegetables, Sphacelotheca reilliana in maize, Tilletia species
in cereals, Uncinula necator, Guignardia bidwellii and Phomopsis
viticola in vines, Urocystis occulta in rye, Ustilago species in
cereals and maize, Venturia species in fruits, Monilinia species on
fruits, Penicillium species on citrus and apples.
[0079] When applied to the useful plants Cyprodinil is applied at a
rate of 5 to 2000 g a.i./ha, particularly 10 to 1000 g a.i./ha,
e.g. 15, 25, 50, 300, 400, 500, 600 or 750 g a.i./ha, in
association with 1 to 5000 g a.i./ha, particularly 2 to 2000 g
a.i./ha, e.g. 100, 250, 500, 800, 1000, 1500 g a.i./ha of a
compound of component B), depending on the class of chemical
employed as component B).
[0080] In agricultural practice the application rates of the
compositions according to the invention depend on the type of
effect desired, and typically range from 20 to 4000 g of total
composition per hectare.
[0081] When the compositions according to the invention are used
for treating seed, rates of 0.001 to 10 g of Cyprodinil per kg of
seed, preferably from 0.01 to 1 g per kg of seed, and 0.001 to 50 g
of a compound of component B), per kg of seed, preferably from 0.01
to 10 g per kg of seed, are generally sufficient.
[0082] The composition of the invention may be employed in any
conventional form, for example in the form of a twin pack, a powder
for dry seed treatment (DS), an emulsion for seed treatment (ES), a
flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), a solution for seed
treatment (LS), a water dispersible powder for seed treatment (WS),
a capsule suspension for seed treatment (CF), a gel for seed
treatment (GF), an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension
concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS),
a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an
emulsion, water in oil (EO), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a
micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible
flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a soluble concentrate
(SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume
liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible
concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP) or any technically
feasible formulation in combination with agriculturally acceptable
adjuvants.
[0083] Such compositions may be produced in conventional manner,
e.g. by mixing the active ingredients with appropriate inert
formulation adjuvants (diluents, solvents, fillers and optionally
other formulating ingredients such as surfactants, biocides,
anti-freeze, stickers, thickeners and compounds that provide
adjuvancy effects). Also conventional slow release formulations may
be employed where long lasting efficacy is intended. Particularly
formulations to be applied in spraying forms, such as water
dispersible concentrates (e.g. EC, SC, DC, OD, SE, EW, EO and the
like), wettable powders and granules, may contain surfactants such
as wetting and dispersing agents and other compounds that provide
adjuvancy effects, e.g. the condensation product of formaldehyde
with naphthalene sulphonate, an alkylarylsulphonate, a lignin
sulphonate, a fatty alkyl sulphate, and ethoxylated alkylphenol and
an ethoxylated fatty alcohol.
[0084] A seed dressing formulation is applied in a manner known per
se to the seeds employing the compositions according to the
invention and a diluent in suitable seed dressing formulation form,
e.g. as an aqueous suspension or in a dry powder form having good
adherence to the seeds. Such seed dressing formulations are known
in the art. Seed dressing formulations may contain the single
active ingredients or the combination of active ingredients in
encapsulated form, e.g. as slow release capsules or
microcapsules.
[0085] In general, the formulations include from 0.01 to 90% by
weight of active agent, from 0 to 20% agriculturally acceptable
surfactant and 10 to 99.99% solid or liquid formulation inerts and
adjuvant(s), the active agent consisting of at least the compound
of formula I together with a compound of component B), and
optionally other active agents, particularly microbiocides or
conservatives or the like. Concentrated forms of compositions
generally contain in between about 2 and 80%, preferably between
about 5 and 70% by weight of active agent. Application forms of
formulation may for example contain from 0.01 to 20% by weight,
preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight of active agent. Whereas
commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates,
the end user will normally employ diluted formulations.
[0086] The Examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention,
"active ingredient" denoting a mixture of cyprodinil and a compound
of component B) in a specific mixing ratio.
FORMULATION EXAMPLES
TABLE-US-00001 [0087] Wettable powders a) b) c) active ingredient
25% 50% 75% [A):B) = 1:3(a), 1:2(b), 1:1(c)] sodium lignosulfonate
5% 5% -- sodium lauryl sulfate 3% -- 5% sodium
diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate -- 6% 10% phenol polyethylene glycol
ether -- 2% -- (7-8 mol of ethylene oxide) highly dispersed silicic
acid 5% 10% 10% Kaolin 62% 27% --
[0088] The active ingredient is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants
and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording
wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions
of the desired concentration.
TABLE-US-00002 Powders for dry seed treatment a) b) c) active
ingredient 25% 50% 75% [A):B) = 1:3(a), 1:2(b), 1:1(c)] light
mineral oil 5% 5% 5% highly dispersed silicic acid 5% 5% -- Kaolin
65% 40% -- Talcum -- 20
[0089] The active ingredient is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants
and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording
powders that can be used directly for seed treatment.
Emulsifiable Concentrate
TABLE-US-00003 [0090] active ingredient 10% [A):B) = 1:6)]
octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 3% (4-5 mol of ethylene
oxide) calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 3% castor oil polyglycol
ether (35 mol of ethylene oxide) 4% Cyclohexanone 30% xylene
mixture 50%
[0091] Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in
plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution
with water.
TABLE-US-00004 Dusts a) b) c) Active ingredient 5% 6% 4% [A):B) =
1:6(a), 1:2(b), 1:10(c)] Talcum 95% -- -- Kaolin -- 94% -- mineral
filler -- -- 96%
[0092] Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the active
ingredient with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable
mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed.
Extruder Granules
TABLE-US-00005 [0093] Active ingredient 15% [A):B) = 2:1)] sodium
lignosulfonate 2% carboxymethylcellulose 1% Kaolin 82%
[0094] The active ingredient is mixed and ground with the
adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. The mixture is
extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
Coated Granules
TABLE-US-00006 [0095] Active ingredient 8% [A):B) = 1:10)]
polyethylene glycol (mol. wt. 200) 3% Kaolin 89%
[0096] The finely ground active ingredient is uniformly applied, in
a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol.
Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner.
Suspension Concentrate
TABLE-US-00007 [0097] active ingredient 40% [A):B) = 1:8)]
propylene glycol 10% nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (15 mol
of ethylene oxide) 6% Sodium lignosulfonate 10%
carboxymethylcellulose 1% silicone oil (in the form of a 75%
emulsion in water) 1% Water 32%
[0098] The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with
the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which
suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution
with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant
propagation material can be treated and protected against
infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or
immersion.
Flowable Concentrate for Seed Treatment
TABLE-US-00008 [0099] active ingredient 40% [A):B) = 1:8)]
propylene glycol 5% copolymer butanol PO/EO 2% tristyrenephenole
with 10-20 moles EO 2% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (in the form of a
20% solution 0.5%.sup. in water) monoazo-pigment calcium salt 5%
Silicone oil (in the form of a 75% emulsion in water) 0.2%.sup.
Water 45.3%
[0100] The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with
the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which
suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution
with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant
propagation material can be treated and protected against
infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or
immersion.
Slow Release Capsule Suspension
[0101] 28 parts of a combination of cyprodinil and a compound of
component B), or of each of these compounds separately, are mixed
with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene
diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This
mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of
polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51.6 parts of water
until the desired particle size is achieved. To this emulsion a
mixture of 2.8 parts 1,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is
added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is
completed.
[0102] The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25
parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule
suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients. The
medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns.
[0103] The resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous
suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose.
[0104] A further aspect of the instant invention is a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on useful plants, which
comprises applying to the useful plants or the locus thereof a
composition according to the invention.
[0105] A further aspect of the instant invention is a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on useful plants, which
comprises applying to the useful plants a composition according to
the invention.
[0106] A further aspect of the instant invention is a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on cereal plants, which
comprises applying to the cereal plants or to the locus thereof a
composition according to the invention; preferred cereal plants are
wheat or barley.
[0107] Within this embodiment, further preferred is a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on wheat plants, which
comprises applying to the wheat plants or to the locus thereof a
composition according to the invention, wherein the phytopathogenic
disease is a disease selected from the group consisting of Blumeria
graminis (Erysiphe graminis), Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides,
Puccinia recondita, Puccinia striiformis, Pyrenophora
tritici-repentis, Septoria tritici and Tapesia spp. Within this
embodiment, further preferred is a method of controlling Tapesia
spp. on wheat plants, which comprises applying to the wheat plants
or to the locus thereof a composition according to the invention.
Within this embodiment, further preferred is a method of
controlling Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici on wheat plants, which
comprises applying to the wheat plants or to the locus thereof a
composition according to the invention.
[0108] Further preferred is a method of controlling phytopathogenic
diseases on barley plants, which comprises applying to the barley
plants or to the locus thereof a composition according to the
invention, wherein the phytopathogenic disease is a disease
selected from the group consisting of Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe
graminis), Puccinia hordei, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia
graminis, Pyrenophora teres, Ramularia collo-cygni and
Rhynchosporium secalis; preferred is a method, wherein the
phytopathogenic disease is a disease selected from the group
consisting of Pyrenophora teres, Ramularia collo-cygni and
Rhynchosporium secalis.
[0109] Within this embodiment, further preferred is a method of
controlling Ramularia collo-cygni on barley plants, which comprises
applying to the barley plants or to the locus thereof a composition
according to the invention.
[0110] A further aspect of the instant invention is a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on fruit plants or vegetable
plants, which comprises applying to the fruit plants or vegetable
plants or to the locus thereof a composition according to the
invention; preferred fruit plants are citrus, apple, pear,
strawberry or banana; preferred vegetable plants are tomato;
potato; cucurbit, such as cucumber or melon; leafy vegetables, such
as lettuce, spinach or celery; brassica, such as cabbage,
cauliflower, oilseed rape, broccoli or brussels sprouts; allium,
such as onion or leek; root crops, such as sugar beet, carrots or
parsnips; or legumes, such as peas or beans.
[0111] Within this embodiment, further preferred is a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on fruit plants or vegetable
plants, which comprises applying to the fruit plants or vegetable
plants or to the locus thereof a composition according to the
invention, wherein the phytopathogenic disease is a disease
selected from the group consisting of Alternaria spp, Diaporthe
spp, Mycosphaerella spp, Sphaerotheca spp, Sclerotinia spp,
Botrytis spp, Phoma spp. Venturia spp. and Colletotrichum spp;
preferred is a method, wherein the phytopathogenic disease is
Alternaria spp.
[0112] Further preferred is a method of controlling phytopathogenic
diseases on fruit plants, selected from citrus, apple, pear,
strawberry and banana, which comprises applying to the fruit plants
or to the locus thereof a composition according to the invention,
wherein the phytopathogenic disease is a disease selected from the
group consisting of Alternaria spp, Diaporthe spp, Mycosphaerella
spp, Sphaerotheca spp, Sclerotinia spp, Botrytis spp, Phoma spp.
Venturia spp. and Colletotrichum spp; preferred is a method,
wherein the phytopathogenic disease is Alternaria spp.; in a
further preferred embodiment, the phytopathogenic disease is
Botrytis cinerea.
[0113] Further preferred is a method of controlling phytopathogenic
diseases on vegetable plants, selected from tomato, potato,
cucumber, lettuce, spinach, celery, cabbage, cauliflower, oilseed
rape, broccoli, brussels sprouts, onion, leek, sugar beet, carrots,
parsnips, peas and beans, which comprises applying to the vegetable
plants or to the locus thereof a composition according to the
invention, wherein the phytopathogenic disease is a disease
selected from the group consisting of Alternaria spp, Diaporthe
spp, Mycosphaerella spp, Sphaerotheca spp, Sclerotinia spp,
Botrytis spp, Phoma spp. Venturia spp. and Colletotrichum spp;
preferred is a method, wherein the phytopathogenic disease is
Alternaria spp.; in a further preferred embodiment, the
phytopathogenic disease is Botrytis cinerea.
[0114] A further aspect of the instant invention is a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on grape plants, which
comprises applying to the grape plants or to the locus thereof a
composition according to the invention.
[0115] Within this embodiment, further preferred is a method of
controlling phytopathogenic diseases on grape plants, which
comprises applying to the grape plants or to the locus thereof a
composition according to the invention, wherein the phytopathogenic
disease is a disease selected from the group consisting of Botrytis
cinerea, Uncinula necator, Guignardia bidwellii and Plasmopara
viticola; preferred is a method, wherein the phytopathogenic
disease is Botrytis cinerea.
[0116] Furthermore preferred is a method of controlling Botrytis
spp, preferably Botrytis cinerea, on useful plants, which comprises
applying to the useful plants or to the locus thereof a composition
according to the invention, wherein the active ingredient comprises
at least a mixture of Cyprodinil and Boscalid.
[0117] Furthermore preferred is a method of controlling Botrytis
spp, preferably Botrytis cinerea, on useful plants, which comprises
applying to the useful plants or to the locus thereof a composition
according to the invention, wherein the active ingredient comprises
at least a mixture of Cyprodinil and a compound of formula A-2.
[0118] Furthermore preferred is a method of controlling Botrytis
spp, preferably Botrytis cinerea, on useful plants, which comprises
applying to the useful plants or to the locus thereof a composition
according to the invention, wherein the active ingredient comprises
at least a mixture of Cyprodinil and a compound of formula A-4.
[0119] Furthermore preferred is a method of controlling Venturia
spp on useful plants, which comprises applying to the useful plants
or to the locus thereof a composition according to the invention,
wherein the active ingredient comprises at least a mixture of
Cyprodinil and Dodine.
[0120] Furthermore preferred is a method of controlling Alternaria
spp on useful plants, which comprises applying to the useful plants
or to the locus thereof a composition according to the invention,
wherein the active ingredient comprises at least a mixture of
Cyprodinil and a compound of formula A-3.
[0121] Furthermore preferred is a method of controlling Fusarium
spp on useful plants, which comprises applying to the useful plants
or to the locus thereof a composition according to the invention,
wherein the active ingredient comprises at least a mixture of
Cyprodinil and Ipconazole.
Biological Examples
[0122] A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of an active
ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of
the individual components.
[0123] The action to be expected E for a given active ingredient
combination obeys the so-called COLBY formula and can be calculated
as follows (COLBY, S. R. "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic
responses of herbicide combination". Weeds, Vol. 15, pages 20-22;
1967):
ppm=milligrams of active ingredient (=a.i.) per liter of spray
mixture X=% action by active ingredient A) using p ppm of active
ingredient Y=% action by active ingredient B) using q ppm of active
ingredient.
[0124] According to COLBY, the expected (additive) action of active
ingredients A)+B) using p+q ppm of active ingredient is
E = X + Y - X Y 100 ##EQU00001##
[0125] If the action actually observed (O) is greater than the
expected action (E), then the action of the combination is
super-additive, i.e. there is a synergistic effect.
Example B-1
Action Against Botrytis cinerea (Causal Fungus of Gray Mould)
a) Fungal Growth Assay
[0126] Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly
mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After
placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter
plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal
spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 C and the
inhibition of growth is determined photometrically after 3 days.
The fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated
according to the COLBY method. The data generated in this
experiment indicate synergy between cyprodinil and dodine and
cyprodinil and pyribencarb when used in mixture with one
another.
TABLE-US-00009 Control of Botrytis cinerea Dosage in mg active
ingredient/liter final medium Observed Expected Synergistic control
control benefit in Cyprodinil Dodine in % in % % control (ppm ai)
(ppm ai) (% C.sub.obs) (% C.sub.exp) % C.sub.obs - % C.sub.exp
[mg/L] [mg/L] observed expected difference 0.5 -- 26.7 -- -- 1 --
38.2 -- -- 2 -- 50.5 -- -- 4 -- 40.1 -- -- 8 -- 51.8 -- -- -- 4 0
-- -- -- 8 0 -- -- -- 16 36.3 -- -- 8 8 82.6 51.8 +30.8 4 4 53.1
40.1 +13.0 8 16 98.0 69.3 +28.7 4 16 97.5 61.8 +35.7 2 16 81.5 68.5
+13.0 1 8 54.5 38.2 +16.3 0.5 4 43.5 26.7 +16.8 Observed Expected
Synergistic control control benefit in Cyprodinil Pyribencarb in %
in % % control (ppm ai) (ppm ai) (% C.sub.obs) (% C.sub.exp) %
C.sub.obs - % C.sub.exp [mg/L] [mg/L] observed expected difference
0.125 -- 16.7 -- -- 0.25 -- 22.6 -- -- 0.5 -- 21.4 -- -- 1 -- 25.7
-- -- 2 -- 23.2 -- -- 4 -- 37.1 -- -- -- 0.008 0.4 -- -- -- 0.016 0
-- -- -- 0.031 3.3 -- -- -- 0.063 2.6 -- -- -- 0.125 16.4 -- -- 4
0.063 51.5 38.8 +12.7 2 0.031 39.2 25.7 +13.5 4 0.125 61.3 47.4
+13.9 2 0.063 43.9 25.2 +18.7 1 0.031 32.0 28.1 +3.9 0.5 0.016 32.6
21.4 +11.2 0.25 0.016 33.6 22.6 +11.0 0.125 0.008 32.2 17.0
+15.2
b) Protective Treatment of Bean Leaf Pieces
[0127] Bean leaf disks are placed on agar in multiwell plates
(24-well format) and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the
leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus.
After appropriate incubation the activity of a compound is assessed
4 days after inoculation as preventive fungicidal activity. The
fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated according
to the COLBY method.
c) Protective Treatment of Whole Grape Plants
[0128] 5 week old grape seedlings cv. Gutedel are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. Two days after
application, the grape plants are inoculated by spraying a spore
suspension (1.times.10.sup.6 conidia/ml) on the test plants. After
an incubation period of 4 days at 21.degree. C. and 95% relative
humidity in a greenhouse the percentage leaf area covered by
disease is assessed. The fungicide interactions in the combinations
are calculated according to the COLBY method.
d) Protective Treatment of Whole Tomato Plants
[0129] 4 week old tomato plants cv. Roter Gnom are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. Two days after
application, the tomato plants are inoculated by spraying a spore
suspension (1.times.10.sup.5 conidia/ml) on the test plants. After
an incubation period of 4 days at 20.degree. C. and 95% relative
humidity in a growth chamber the percentage leaf area covered by
disease is assessed. The fungicide interactions in the combinations
are calculated according to the COLBY method.
Example B-2
Action Against Septoria tritici (Causal Fungus of Septoria tritici
Leaf Blotch in Wheat)
a) Fungal Growth Assay
[0130] Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly
mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After
placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter
plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal
spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24.degree. C. and
the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically after 3
days. The fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated
according to the COLBY method.
b) Protective Treatment of Whole Plants
[0131] 2 week old wheat plants cv. Riband are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. One day after
application, wheat plants are inoculated by spraying a spore
suspension (10.times.10.sup.5 conidia/ml) on the test plants. After
an incubation period of 1 day at 23.degree. C. and 95% relative
humidity, the plants are kept for 16 days at 23.degree. C. and 60%
relative humidity in a greenhouse. The percentage leaf area covered
by disease is assessed 18 days after inoculation. The fungicide
interactions in the combinations are calculated according to the
COLBY method.
Example B-3
Action Against Pyricularia oryzae (Causal Fungus of Blast on
Rice)
a) Fungal Growth Assay
[0132] Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly
mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After
placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter
plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal
spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24.degree. C. and
the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically after 3
days. The fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated
according to the COLBY method.
b) Protective Treatment of Leaf Pieces
[0133] Rice leaf segments are placed on agar in multiwell plates
(24-well format) and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the
leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus.
After appropriate incubation the activity of a compound is assessed
4 days after inoculation as preventive fungicidal activity. The
fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated according
to the COLBY method.
Example B-4
Action Against Alternaria solani (Causal Fungus of Early Blight on
Tomato)
a) Fungal Growth Assay
[0134] Conidia--harvested from a freshly grown colony--of the
fungus are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose
broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into
a microtiter plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing
the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at
24.degree. C. and the inhibition of growth is determined
photometrically after 48 hrs. The fungicide interactions in the
combinations are calculated according to the COLBY method.
b) Protective Treatment of Whole Plants
[0135] 4 week old tomato plants cv. Roter Gnom are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. Two days after
application, the tomato plants are inoculated by spraying a spore
suspension (2.times.10.sup.5 conidia/ml) on the test plants. After
an incubation period of 3 days at 20.degree. C. and 95% relative
humidity in a growth chamber the percentage leaf area covered by
disease is assessed. The fungicide interactions in the combinations
are calculated according to the COLBY method.
Example B-5
Action Against Pyrenophora teres (Causal Fungus of Net Blotch on
Barley)
a) Fungal Growth Assay
[0136] Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly
mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After
placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter
plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal
spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24.degree. C. and
the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically after 2
days. The fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated
according to the COLBY method. The data generated in this
experiment indicate synergy between cyprodinil and pyribencarb when
used in mixture with one another.
TABLE-US-00010 Control of Pyrenophora teres Dosage in mg active
ingredient/liter final medium Observed Expected Synergistic control
control benefit in Cyprodinil Pyribencarb in % in % % control (ppm
ai) (ppm ai) (% C.sub.obs) (% C.sub.exp) % C.sub.obs - % C.sub.exp
[mg/L] [mg/L] observed expected difference 0.25 -- 52.0 -- -- 0.5
-- 59.0 -- -- -- 0.004 0 -- -- -- 0.008 0 -- -- -- 0.016 0 -- -- --
0.031 0 -- -- -- 0.063 17.0 -- -- 0.5 0.008 69.5 59.0 +10.5 0.25
0.004 64.3 52.0 +12.3 0.5 0.016 80.0 59.0 +21.0 0.25 0.008 66.8
52.0 +14.8 0.5 0.031 79.3 59.0 +20.3 0.25 0.016 74.6 52.0 +22.6 0.5
0.063 79.2 65.9 +13.3 0.25 0.031 76.9 52.0 +24.9
b) Protective Treatment of Leaf Pieces
[0137] Barley leaf segments are placed on agar in multiwell plates
(24-well format) and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the
leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus.
After appropriate incubation the activity of a compound is assessed
4 days after inoculation as preventive fungicidal activity. The
fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated according
to the COLBY method.
Example B-6
Action Against Venturia inaequalis (Causal Fungus of Scab on
Apple)
a) Fungal Growth Assay
[0138] Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly
mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After
placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter
plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal
spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24.degree. C. and
the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically after 12
days. The fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated
according to the COLBY method.
b) Protective Treatment of Whole Plants
[0139] 4 week old apple seedlings cv. McIntosh are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. One day after
application, the apple plants are inoculated by spraying a spore
suspension (4.times.10.sup.5 conidia/ml) on the test plants. After
an incubation period of 4 days at 21.degree. C. and 95% relative
humidity the plants are placed for 4 days at 21.degree. C. and 60%
relative humidity in a greenhouse. After another 4 day incubation
period at 21.degree. C. and 95% relative humidity the percentage
leaf area covered by disease is assessed. The fungicide
interactions in the combinations are calculated according to the
COLBY method.
Example B-7
Action Against Leptosphaeria nodorum (Causal Fungus of Wheat Glume
Blotch)
a) Fungal Growth Assay
[0140] Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly
mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After
placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter
plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal
spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24.degree. C. and
the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically after 2
days. The fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated
according to the COLBY method.
b) Protective Treatment of Leaf Pieces
[0141] Wheat leaf segments are placed on agar in multiwell plates
(24-well format) and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the
leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus.
After appropriate incubation the activity of a compound is assessed
4 days after inoculation as preventive fungicidal activity. The
fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated according
to the COLBY method.
c) Protective Treatment of Whole Plants
[0142] 1 week old wheat plants cv. Arina are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. One day after
application, the wheat plants are inoculated by spraying a spore
suspension (5.times.10.sup.5 spores/ml) on the test plants. After
an incubation period of 1 day at 20.degree. C. and 95% relative
humidity the plants are kept for 10 days at 20.degree. C. and 60%
relative humidity in a greenhouse. The percentage leaf area covered
by disease is assessed 11 days after inoculation. The fungicide
interactions in the combinations are calculated according to the
COLBY method.
Example B-8
Action Against Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var. acuformis
(Causal Fungus of Eyespot Disease in Cereals)--Fungal Growth
Assay
[0143] Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly
mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After
placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter
plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal
spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 C and the
inhibition of growth is determined photometrically after 3 days.
The fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated
according to the COLBY method. The data generated in this
experiment indicate synergy between cyprodinil and boscalid,
cyprodinil and dodine and cyprodinil and pyribencarb when used in
mixture with one another.
TABLE-US-00011 Control of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var.
acuformis Dosage in mg active ingredient/liter final medium
Observed Expected Synergistic control control benefit in Cyprodinil
Boscalid in % in % % control (ppm ai) (ppm ai) (% C.sub.obs) (%
C.sub.exp) % C.sub.obs - % C.sub.exp [mg/L] [mg/L] observed
expected difference 0.0625 -- 23.5 -- -- 0.125 -- 40.7 -- -- 0.25
-- 28.9 -- -- 0.5 -- 19.6 -- -- 1 -- 17.5 -- -- 2 -- 24.6 -- -- 4
-- 33.6 -- -- -- 0.031 0 -- -- -- 0.063 2.5 -- -- -- 0.125 32.8 --
-- -- 0.25 58.4 -- -- -- 0.5 77.1 -- -- 4 0.25 95.3 72.4 +22.9 2
0.125 91.4 49.4 +42.0 1 0.063 67.6 19.6 +48.0 0.5 0.031 46.7 19.6
+27.1 4 0.5 95.9 84.8 +11.1 2 0.25 95.2 68.6 +26.6 1 0.125 88.5
44.6 +43.9 0.5 0.063 68.7 21.6 +47.1 0.25 0.031 45.2 28.9 +16.3 2
0.5 95.9 82.7 +13.2 1 0.25 93.8 65.7 +28.1 0.5 0.125 86.3 46.0
+40.3 0.25 0.063 65.7 30.7 +35.0 1 0.5 94.8 81.1 +13.7 0.5 0.25
94.8 66.5 +28.3 0.25 0.125 86.6 52.2 +34.4 0.125 0.063 57.1 42.2
+14.9 0.0625 0.031 40.1 23.5 +16.6 0.5 0.5 95.8 81.6 +14.2 0.25
0.25 92.2 70.4 +21.8 0.125 0.125 79.7 60.2 +19.5 0.0625 0.063 66.3
25.4 +40.9 Observed Expected Synergistic control control benefit in
Cyprodinil Dodine in % in % % control (ppm ai) (ppm ai) (%
C.sub.obs) (% C.sub.exp) % C.sub.obs - % C.sub.exp [mg/L] [mg/L]
observed expected difference 0.125 -- 10.9 -- -- 0.25 -- 14.8 -- --
0.5 -- 13.7 -- -- 1 -- 17.9 -- -- 2 -- 20.3 -- -- 4 -- 25.9 -- -- 8
-- 33.6 -- -- 16 -- 46.2 -- -- -- 0.125 0 -- -- -- 0.25 0 -- -- --
0.5 0 -- -- -- 1 0 -- -- -- 2 1.4 -- -- -- 4 31.3 -- -- -- 8 70.5
-- -- -- 16 72.4 -- -- 8 4 71.3 54.4 +16.9 4 2 46.8 26.9 +19.9 2 1
23.3 20.3 +3.0 1 0.5 37.0 17.9 +19.1 0.5 0.25 25.7 13.7 +12.0 0.25
0.125 31.2 14.8 +16.4 16 16 97.2 85.1 +12.1 8 8 84.8 80.4 +4.4 4 4
69.1 49.0 +20.1 2 2 33.8 21.4 +12.4 1 1 28.3 17.9 +10.4 2 4 64.3
45.2 +19.1 1 2 40.2 19.1 +21.1 0.5 1 30.0 13.7 +16.3 0.25 0.5 21.6
14.8 +6.8 0.125 0.25 33.4 10.9 +22.5 Observed Expected Synergistic
control control benefit in Cyprodinil Pyribencarb in % in % %
control (ppm ai) (ppm ai) (% C.sub.obs) (% C.sub.exp) % C.sub.obs -
% C.sub.exp [mg/L] [mg/L] observed expected difference 0.125 --
16.6 -- -- 0.5 -- 30.1 -- -- 1 -- 19.3 -- -- 2 -- 21.5 -- -- 4 --
27.2 -- -- -- 0.008 16.2 -- -- -- 0.016 40.1 -- -- -- 0.031 61.1 --
-- 4 0.031 86.7 71.6 +15.1 2 0.016 67.4 53.0 +14.4 1 0.008 52.3
32.4 +19.9 2 0.031 86.9 69.4 +17.5 1 0.016 61.0 51.7 +9.3 0.5 0.008
55.2 41.4 +13.8 1 0.031 80.2 68.6 +11.6 0.125 0.008 50.2 30.1
+20.1
Example B-9
Action Against Ustilago maydis (Causal Fungus of Corn Smut)--Fungal
Growth Assay
[0144] Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly
mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After
placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter
plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal
spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24.degree. C. and
the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically after 2
days. The fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated
according to the COLBY method.
Example B-10
Action Against Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei (Causal Fungus of
Barley Powdery Mildew) on Barley
a) Protective Treatment of Leaf Pieces
[0145] Barley leaf segments are placed on agar in multiwell plates
(24-well format) and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the
leaf disks are inoculated by dusting with spores of the fungus.
After appropriate incubation the activity of a compound is assessed
5 days after inoculation as preventive fungicidal activity. The
fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated according
to the COLBY method.
b) Protective Treatment of Whole Plants
[0146] 1 week old barley plants cv. Regina are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. One day after
application, the barley plants are inoculated by shaking powdery
mildew infected plants above the test plants. After an incubation
period of 6 days at 20.degree. C./18.degree. C. (day/night) and 60%
relative humidity in a greenhouse the percentage leaf area covered
by disease is assessed. The fungicide interactions in the
combinations are calculated according to the COLBY method.
Example B-11
Action Against Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici (Causal Fungus of
Wheat Powdery Mildew)--Protective Treatment of Leaf Pieces
[0147] Wheat leaf segments are placed on agar in multiwell plates
(24-well format) and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the
leaf disks are inoculated by dusting with spores of the fungus.
After appropriate incubation the activity of a compound is assessed
6 days after inoculation as preventive fungicidal activity. The
fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated according
to the COLBY method.
Example B-12
Action Against Puccinia recondita (Causal Fungus of Wheat Brown
Rust) on Wheat
a) Protective Treatment of Leaf Pieces
[0148] Wheat leaf segments are placed on agar in multiwell plates
(24-well format) and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the
leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus.
After appropriate incubation the activity of a compound is assessed
9 days after inoculation as preventive fungicidal activity. The
fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated according
to the COLBY method.
b) Protective Treatment of Whole Plants
[0149] 1 week old wheat plants cv. Arina are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. One day after
application, the wheat plants are inoculated by spraying a spore
suspension (1.times.10.sup.5 uredospores/ml) on the test plants.
After an incubation period of 2 days at 20.degree. C. and 95%
relative humidity the plants are kept in a greenhouse for 8 days at
20.degree. C. and 60% relative humidity. The percentage leaf area
covered by disease is assessed 10 days after inoculation. The
fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated according
to the COLBY method.
Example B-13
Action Against Podosphaera leucotricha (Causal Fungus of Apple
Powdery Mildew) on Apple--Protective Treatment of Whole Plants
[0150] 5 week old apple seedlings cv. McIntosh are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. One day after, the
treated apple plants are inoculated by shaking plants infected with
apple powdery mildew above the test plants. After an incubation
period of 12 days at 22.degree. C. and 60% relative humidity under
a light regime of 14/10 hours (light/dark) the percentage leaf area
covered by disease is assessed. The fungicide interactions in the
combinations are calculated according to the COLBY method.
Example B-14
Action Against Fusarium culmorum (Causal Fungus of Wheat Root
Rot)--Fungal Growth Assay
[0151] Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly
mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After
placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter
plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal
spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 C and the
inhibition of growth is determined photometrically after 2 days.
The fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated
according to the COLBY method. The data generated in this
experiment indicate synergy between cyprodinil and dodine,
cyprodinil and fluazinam and cyprodinil and pyribencarb when used
in mixture with one another.
TABLE-US-00012 Control of Fusarium culmorum Dosage in mg active
ingredient/liter final medium Observed Expected Synergistic control
control benefit in Cyprodinil Dodine in % in % % control (ppm ai)
(ppm ai) (% C.sub.obs) (% C.sub.exp) % C.sub.obs - % C.sub.exp
[mg/L] [mg/L] observed expected difference 4 -- 0 -- -- 8 -- 0 --
-- 16 -- 6.7 -- -- 32 -- 26.9 -- -- -- 8 3.3 -- -- -- 16 15.1 -- --
32 16 98.0 38.0 +60.0 16 8 96.3 9.8 +86.5 16 16 98.0 20.8 +77.2 8 8
80.8 3.3 +77.5 8 16 98.0 15.1 +82.9 4 8 46.3 3.3 +43.0 4 16 97.6
15.1 +82.5 Observed Expected Synergistic control control benefit in
Cyprodinil Fluazinam in % in % % control (ppm ai) (ppm ai) (%
C.sub.obs) (% C.sub.exp) % C.sub.obs - % C.sub.exp [mg/L] [mg/L]
observed expected difference 2 -- 0 -- -- 4 -- 0 -- -- 8 -- 0 -- --
16 -- 9.8 -- -- 32 -- 16.4 -- -- -- 0.063 5.1 -- -- -- 0.125 11.8
-- -- -- 0.25 27.4 -- -- -- 0.5 35.7 -- -- -- 1 72.4 -- -- 32 0.25
96.0 39.3 +56.7 32 0.5 97.7 46.2 +51.5 16 0.25 83.4 34.5 +48.9 8
0.125 17.3 11.8 +5.5 4 0.063 19.5 5.1 +14.4 32 1 97.9 77.0 +20.9 16
0.5 96.2 42.0 +54.2 8 0.25 36.6 27.4 +9.2 4 0.125 20.1 11.8 +8.3 2
0.063 21.5 5.1 +16.4 16 1 96.4 75.1 +21.3 8 0.5 74.3 35.7 +38.6 8 1
96.9 72.4 +24.5 4 0.5 63.6 35.7 +27.9 Observed Expected Synergistic
control control benefit in Cyprodinil Pyribencarb in % in % %
control (ppm ai) (ppm ai) (% C.sub.obs) (% C.sub.exp) % C.sub.obs -
% C.sub.exp [mg/L] [mg/L] observed expected difference 8 -- 2.4 --
-- 16 -- 8.4 -- -- 32 -- 21.7 -- -- -- 0.125 0 -- -- -- 0.25 8.7 --
-- -- 0.5 11.5 -- -- -- 1 16.2 -- -- 32 0.25 75.2 28.5 +46.7 16
0.125 19.9 8.4 +11.5 32 0.5 85.3 30.7 +54.6 16 0.25 37.4 16.4 +21.0
32 1 88.4 34.4 +54.0 16 0.5 49.3 18.9 +30.4 8 0.25 23.8 10.9 +12.9
16 1 55.3 23.3 +32.0 8 0.5 26.0 13.6 +12.4 8 1 31.4 18.2 +13.2
Example B-15
Action Against Uncinula necator (Causal Fungus of Grape Powdery
Mildew) on Grapevines--Protective Treatment of Whole Plants
[0152] 5 week old grape seedlings cv. Gutedel are treated with the
formulated test compound in a spray chamber. One day after
application, the grape plants are inoculated by shaking plants
infected with grape powdery mildew above the test plants. After an
incubation period of 7 days at 26.degree. C. and 60% relative
humidity under a light regime of 14/10 hours (light/dark) the
percentage leaf area covered by disease is assessed. The fungicide
interactions in the combinations are calculated according to the
COLBY method.
[0153] The combinations according to the invention exhibit good
activity in all of the above examples.
* * * * *
References