U.S. patent application number 14/033864 was filed with the patent office on 2014-01-16 for multi-user detection using equalization and successive interference cancellation.
This patent application is currently assigned to InterDigital Technology Corporation. The applicant listed for this patent is InterDigital Technology Corporation. Invention is credited to Ariela Zeira.
Application Number | 20140016680 14/033864 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32965557 |
Filed Date | 2014-01-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140016680 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Zeira; Ariela |
January 16, 2014 |
MULTI-USER DETECTION USING EQUALIZATION AND SUCCESSIVE INTERFERENCE
CANCELLATION
Abstract
A method and apparatus for multi-user detection is disclosed. A
signal is received in a shared spectrum, and samples of the
received signals are produced as a received vector. The received
vector is segmented into vector segments. Each segment has a
portion that overlaps with another segment and the overlapping
portion includes at least one chip less than twice a channel
impulse response length. For each vector segment, symbols are
successively determined for communications by determining symbols
for a communication in the communications, ordering the
communications by received power and removing a contribution of the
communication from the vector segment. The determining of symbols
includes equalizing an input vector corresponding to a segment of
the received vector using fast Fourier transform. The determined
symbols are assembled into a data vector for each communication in
the communications.
Inventors: |
Zeira; Ariela; (Huntington,
NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
InterDigital Technology Corporation |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
InterDigital Technology
Corporation
Wilmington
DE
|
Family ID: |
32965557 |
Appl. No.: |
14/033864 |
Filed: |
September 23, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13588023 |
Aug 17, 2012 |
8542772 |
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14033864 |
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|
12547028 |
Aug 25, 2009 |
8249191 |
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13588023 |
|
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|
12049806 |
Mar 17, 2008 |
7593461 |
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12547028 |
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10748544 |
Dec 30, 2003 |
7346103 |
|
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12049806 |
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60451591 |
Mar 3, 2003 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
375/148 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04B 1/123 20130101;
H04B 1/7105 20130101; H04B 1/71072 20130101; H04L 25/03006
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
375/148 |
International
Class: |
H04B 1/12 20060101
H04B001/12 |
Claims
1. An integrated circuit (IC), implemented in a wireless
transmit/receive unit (WTRU), the IC comprising: circuitry
configured to receive a signal in a shared spectrum; circuitry
configured to produce samples of the received signal as a received
vector; circuitry configured to segment the received vector into a
plurality of vector segments, wherein each segment has a portion
overlapping with another segment and the overlapping portion
includes at least one chip less than twice a channel impulse
response length; circuitry configured to successively determine for
each vector segment symbols for a plurality of communications by
determining symbols for a communication in the plurality of
communications, ordering the communications by received power and
removing a contribution of the communication from the vector
segment, wherein the circuitry is configured to determine the
symbols by equalizing an input vector corresponding to a segment of
the received vector using fast Fourier transform; and circuitry
configured to assemble the determined symbols into a data vector
for each communication in the plurality of communications.
2. The IC of claim 1, further comprising circuitry configured to
despread the equalized vector segment and circuitry configured to
make hard decisions on the despread equalized vector segment.
3. The IC of claim 2, further comprising circuitry configured to
produce a despread equalized vector segment including a plurality
of soft symbols by apply a code associated with the communication
to the equalized vector segment.
4. The IC of claim 1, further comprising circuitry configured to
remove a contribution of the communication from the vector segment
by subtracting the determine symbols from the vector segment.
5. The IC of claim 1, further comprising circuitry configured to
determine symbols for a communication of interest.
6. An integrated circuit (IC), implemented in a base station, the
IC comprising: circuitry configured to receive a signal in a shared
spectrum; circuitry configured to produce samples of the received
signal as a received vector; circuitry configured to segment the
received vector into a plurality of vector segments; circuitry
configured to successively determine, for each vector segment,
symbols for a plurality of communications by determining symbols
for a communication in the plurality of communications and removing
a contribution of the communication from the vector segment; and
circuitry configured to assemble the determined symbols into a data
vector for each communication in the plurality of
communications.
7. The IC of claim 6, further comprising circuitry configured to
equalize the vector segment, circuitry configured to despread the
equalized vector segment, and circuitry configured to make hard
decisions on the despread equalized vector segment.
8. The IC of claim 7, further comprising circuitry configured to
equalize the vector segment using a fast Fourier transform.
9. The IC of claim 7, further comprising circuitry configured to
produce a despread equalized vector segment including a plurality
of soft symbols by applying a code associated with the
communication to the equalized vector segment.
10. The IC of claim 6, further comprising circuitry configured to
remove a contribution of the communication from the vector segment
by subtracting the determined symbols from the vector segment.
11. The IC of claim 6, further comprising circuitry configured to
determine symbols for a communication of interest.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/588,023, filed Aug. 17, 2012, which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/547,028, filed
Aug. 25, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,249,191 issued Aug. 21, 2012,
which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
12/049,806, filed Mar. 17, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,593,461 issued
Sep. 22, 2009, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 10/748,544, filed Dec. 30, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No.
7,346,103 issued Mar. 18, 2008, which claims priority from U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 60/451,591, filed Mar. 3, 2003,
which are all incorporated by reference as if fully set forth
herein.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The invention generally relates to wireless communication
systems. In particular, the invention relates to detection of
multiple user signals in a wireless communication system.
BACKGROUND
[0003] A typical wireless communication system includes base
stations which communicate with wireless transmit/receive units
(WTRUs). Each base station has an associated operational area where
it communicates with WTRUs which are in its operational area. In
some communication systems, such as code division multiple access
(CDMA), multiple communications are sent over the same frequency
spectrum. These communications are typically differentiated by
their codes.
[0004] Since multiple communications may be sent in the same
frequency spectrum and at the same time, a receiver in such a
system must distinguish between the multiple communications. One
approach to detecting such signals is matched filtering. In matched
filtering, a communication sent with a single code is detected.
Other communications are treated as interference. To detect
multiple codes, a respective number of matched filters are used.
These signal detectors have a low complexity, but can suffer from
multiple access interference (MAI) and inter-symbol interference
(ISI).
[0005] Other signal detectors attempt to cancel the interference
from other users and the ISI, such as parallel interference
cancellers (PICS) and successive interference cancellers (SICs).
These receivers tend to have better performance at the cost of
increased complexity. Other signal detectors detect multiple
communications jointly, which is referred to as joint detection.
Some joint detectors use Cholesky decomposition to perform a
minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection and zero-forcing block
equalizers (ZF-BLEs). These detectors tend to have improved
performance but high complexities.
[0006] Accordingly, it is desirable to have alternate approaches to
multi-user detection.
SUMMARY
[0007] A method and apparatus for multi-user detection is
disclosed. A signal is received in a shared spectrum, and samples
of the received signals are produced as a received vector. The
received vector is segmented into vector segments. Each segment has
a portion that overlaps with another segment and the overlapping
portion includes at least one chip less than twice a channel
impulse response length. For each vector segment, symbols are
successively determined for communications by determining symbols
for a communication in the communications, ordering the
communications by received power and removing a contribution of the
communication from the vector segment. The determining of symbols
includes equalizing an input vector corresponding to a segment of
the received vector using fast Fourier transform. The determined
symbols are assembled into a data vector for each communication in
the communications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of an equalization successive
interference canceller (EQ-SIC) receiver.
[0009] FIG. 2 is an illustration of a preferred segmentation of a
received vector r.
[0010] FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram of an EQ-SIC device.
[0011] FIG. 4 is a flow chart for an EQ-SIC receiver.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0012] The preferred implementation of the preferred embodiments is
in a frequency division duplex (FDD) mode of the third generation
partnership project (3GPP) wideband code division multiple access
(W-CDMA) communication system. However, the preferred embodiments
can be applied to a variety of wireless communication systems.
[0013] The preferred embodiments can be utilized at a wireless
transmit/receive unit (WTRU) or a base station. A WTRU includes but
is not limited to a user equipment, mobile station, fixed or mobile
subscriber unit, pager, or any other type of device capable of
operating in a wireless environment. A "base station" includes, but
is not limited to, a base station, Node B, site controller, access
point or other interfacing device in a wireless environment.
Additionally, the preferred embodiments can be applied to WTRUs
communicating with each other.
[0014] FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a preferred
equalization/successive interference cancellation (EQ-SIC)
receiver. Preferably, most of the components shown in FIG. 1,
excluding the antenna 20, are implemented as a single integrated
circuit. Alternately, the individual components can be discrete
components or a mixture of integrated circuit(s) and/or discrete
components.
[0015] Multiple communications are received by an antenna 20 or
antenna array of the receiver. A sampling device 22, such as a
single or multiple analog to digital converters (ADCs), samples the
received signal to produce a received vector, r.
[0016] The received vector is processed by a segmentation device 24
to produce segments, r.sub.1 . . . r.sub.n of the received vector
r. FIG. 2 is an illustration of a preferred segmentation scheme,
although others may be used. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the received
vector r is separated into a plurality of segments, r.sub.1 . . .
r.sub.n, (only segments r.sub.1, r.sub.2, r.sub.3, r.sub.4,
r.sub.5, r.sub.6, r.sub.7, r.sub.8 and r.sub.9 shown). Preferably,
the segments overlap as shown. The amount of the overlap is
preferably twice the length the impulse response less one chip,
2*(W-1). W is the maximum length of the channel impulse response,
over all channels of all users. This overlap facilitates the
equalization of all chips, even though segments have finite length.
For a given segment, all of the chips contributing to the portion
of interest for that segment are equalized. To illustrate, the
portion of interest of r.sub.2 is bounded by the dashed lines. The
last chip in that portion will extend into the next segment by W-1
chips. Conversely, the chip furthest prior to the first chip in the
region of interest extending into that region is W-1 chips prior to
the first chip. Accordingly, all chips contributing to the portion
of interest and not in that portion can be equalized, effectively
removing their contribution from the portion of interest.
[0017] Although the overlap is shown as being roughly twice the
impulse response, larger overlaps may be used. The larger overlaps
may be useful based on the exact receiver implementations. In one
embodiment, the EQ-SIC device may use a prime factor algorithm
(PFA) fast Fourier transform (FFT) based implementation. The
overlap may be extended to reach a desired optimal PFA or FFT
length. In other implementations, the optimal non-overlap portions
may vary based on the signals being processed. To illustrate, in
the time division duplex (TDD) mode of 3GPP W-CDMA, based on the
burst type, the length of the data field may vary. As a result, the
optimum segment length for one burst may not be optimum for another
burst. To utilize one uniform hardware configuration a set size for
a segment may be implemented. Different overlaps may be used to
facilitate the different burst lengths.
[0018] A channel estimation device 26 estimates the channel
response for each of the received user signals. Typically, the
channel response is estimated using a reference signal, such as a
pilot code or a midamble sequence, although other techniques may be
used. The estimated channel responses are represented in FIG. 1 as
a channel response matrix H.
[0019] FIG. 3 is an illustration of a preferred EQ-SIC device 28
applied to a received vector segment r.sub.i. EQ-SIC device 28
includes equalizers 34.sub.1, 34.sub.2, . . . , 34.sub.K for
equalizing vector segments r.sub.i, x.sub.i1, . . . x.sub.iK-1
configured to produce spread data vectors s.sub.i1, s.sub.i2, . . .
, s.sub.iK, respectively. EQ-SIC device 28 also includes
despreaders 36.sub.1, 36.sub.2, . . . , 36.sub.K for despreading
the spread data vectors s.sub.i1, s.sub.i2, . . . , s.sub.iK,
configured to produce soft symbols and hard decision devices
38.sub.1, 38.sub.2, . . . , 38.sub.K configured to produce hard
symbols vectors d.sub.i1, d.sub.i2, . . . , d.sub.iK from the
respective soft symbols. EQ-SIC device 28 also includes
interference construction devices 40.sub.1, 40.sub.2, . . . for
determining respective user contributions r.sub.i1, r.sub.i2 . . .
in each corresponding spread data vector s.sub.i1, s.sub.i2, . . .
and subtractors 42.sub.1, 42.sub.2 . . . for subtracting respective
user contributions r.sub.i1, r.sub.i2 . . . from respective
corresponding vector segments r.sub.i, x.sub.i1 . . . In one
implementation, all of the user signals are ranked, such as by
their received power. For the user having the highest received
power, the received vector segment r.sub.i is equalized by an
equalizer 34.sub.1 using the channel response associated with that
user (user 1), producing a spread data vector s.sub.i1. The codes
used by that user signal are used to produce soft symbols of that
user data by a despreader 36.sub.1. Hard decisions are performed on
that user's soft symbols by a hard decision device 38.sub.1 to
produce a hard symbol vector, d.sub.i1. Using the detected hard
symbols, the contribution of user 1 to the spread data vector is
determined, r.sub.i1, by interference construction device 40.sub.1.
The user 1 contribution is subtracted from the segment by a
subtractor 42.sub.1 producing a new segment x.sub.i1 having user
1's contribution removed. Similar processing is performed on a
second user (user 2) having a second highest received power level.
User 2's hard symbols, d.sub.i2, are detected using an equalizer
34.sub.2, producing spread data vector s.sub.i2, despreader
36.sub.2 and hard decision device 38.sub.2. The contribution of
user 2 to x.sub.i1, r.sub.i2, is removed using an interference
construction device 40.sub.2 and a subtractor 42.sub.2. This
procedure is repeated K-1 times to produce segment x.sub.iK-1 which
is vector r.sub.i with the contributions of K-1 users removed. For
the K.sup.th user, only the hard symbols d.sub.iK are determined
using an equalizer 34.sub.K, producing spread data vector s.sub.iK,
despreader 36.sub.K and hard decision device 38.sub.K.
[0020] If the EQ-SIC receiver is used at a base station, typically,
the hard symbols from all of the users signals are recovered.
However, at a WTRU, the WTRU EQ-SIC receiver may only have one
user's signal of interest. As a result, the successive processing
of each user can be stopped after the hard symbols of that user of
interest's signals are recovered.
[0021] Although the previous description detected each user's
signals separately, multiple users signals may be recovered
jointly. In such an implementation, the users would be grouped by
received signal power. The successive processing would be performed
on each group, in turn. To illustrate, the first group's data would
be detected and subsequently canceled from the received segment,
followed by the second group.
[0022] After the data for each user in a segment is detected, the
data vector, such as d.sub.i, is stored by a segment storage device
30. To reduce the storage size, preferably, the segment is
truncated to remove portions not of interest, only leaving the
portion of the segment of interest. A segment reassembly device 32
produces a data vector, d, having the data from all the segments,
typically by serially combining the data for each user for each
segment. To illustrate, the data from user 1 for segment 1,
d.sub.11, is serially combined with the data from user 1 for
segment 2, d.sub.12.
[0023] FIG. 4 is a flow chart for an EQ-SIC receiver. Initially, a
received vector r is produced, step 50. A channel estimation is
performed for all the users, step 52. The received vector is
segmented, r.sub.1 . . . r.sub.n, step 54. Each segment is
processed, step 56. For an i.sup.th segment, a user having the
highest received power is determined, step 58. The received vector
is equalized for that user, step 60. The resulting spread vector is
despread using that user's code, step 62. Hard decisions are
performed on the despread data, step 64. The contribution of that
user to the received vector is determined, step 66. That user's
contribution is subtracted from the received vector, step 68. The
next highest received power user is processed by repeating steps
60-68, using the subtracted received vector as the received vector
in those steps, step 70. Store the results for that segment and
repeat steps 58-70 for each remaining segment, step 72. Assemble
the stored segments into the data vector d, step 74. The rate at
which channel estimates are made or updated can vary between
different implementations, as the rate of updated depends on the
time varying nature of the wireless channels.
[0024] Preferably, the equalization for each stage of the EQ-SIC
device 28 is implemented using FFT, although other implementations
may be used. One potential implementation is as follows. Each
received segment can be viewed as a signal model per Equation
1.
r.sub.i=H.sub.s+n Equation 1
H is the channel response matrix. n is the noise vector. s is the
spread data vector, which is the convolution of the spreading
codes, C, for the user or group and the data vector, d, for the
user or group, as per Equation 2.
s=Cd Equation 2
[0025] Two approaches to solve Equation 3 use an equalization stage
followed by a despreading stage. Each received vector segment,
r.sub.i, is equalized, step 54. One equalization approach uses a
minimum mean square error (MMSE) solution. The MMSE solution for
each extended segment is per Equation 4A.
s.sub.i=(H.sub.s.sup.HH.sub.s+.sigma..sup.2I.sub.s).sup.-1H.sub.s.sup.Hr-
.sub.i Equation 4A
.sigma..sup.2 is the noise variance and I.sub.s is the identity
matrix for the extended matrix. (.sup..cndot.).sup.H is the complex
conjugate transpose operation or Hermetian operation. The zero
forcing (ZF) solution is per Equation 4B
s.sub.i=(H.sub.s.sup.HH.sub.s).sup.-1H.sub.s.sup.Hr.sub.i Equation
4B
Alternately, Equations 4A or 4B is written as Equation 5.
s.sub.i=R.sub.s.sup.-1H.sub.s.sup.Hr.sub.i Equation 5
R.sub.s is defined per Equation 6A corresponding to MMSE.
R.sub.s=H.sub.s.sup.HH.sub.s+.sigma..sup.2I.sub.s Equation 6A
Alternately, R.sub.s for ZF is per Equation 6B.
[0026] R.sub.s=H.sub.s.sup.HH.sub.s Equation 6B
[0027] One preferred approach to solve Equation 5 is by a fast
Fourier transform (FFT) as per Equations 7 and 8, an alternate
approach to solve Equation 5 is by Cholesky decomposition.
R.sub.s=D.sub.z.sup.-1.LAMBDA.D.sub.z=(1/P)D.sub.z*.LAMBDA.D.sub.z
Equation 7
R.sub.s.sup.-1=D.sub.z.sup.-1.LAMBDA..sup.-1D.sub.z=(1/P)D.sub.z*.LAMBDA-
.*D.sub.z Equation 8
D.sub.z is the Z-point FFT matrix and .LAMBDA. is the diagonal
matrix, which has diagonals that are an FFT of the first column of
a circulant approximation of the R.sub.s matrix. The circulant
approximation can be performed using any column of the R.sub.s
matrix. Preferably, a full column, having the most number of
elements, is used.
[0028] In the frequency domain, the FFT solution is per Equation
9.
F ( s ^ _ ) = m = 1 M F ( h _ m ) * F ( r _ m ) F ( q _ ) where F (
x _ ) = n = 0 P - 1 x ( n ) - j 2 .pi. kn N , where k = 0 , 1 , , P
- 1 Equation 9 ##EQU00001##
is the kronecker product. M is the sampling rate. M=1 is chip rate
sampling and M=2 is twice the chip rate sampling.
[0029] After the Fourier transform of the spread data vector, F(s),
is determined, the spread data vector s is determined by taking an
inverse Fourier transform.
* * * * *