U.S. patent application number 13/547092 was filed with the patent office on 2014-01-16 for laminated structures and methods of manufacturing laminated structures.
The applicant listed for this patent is Dipakbin Qasem Chowdhury, William Keith Fisher, Kiat Chyai Kang, Michael Aaron McDonald, Chunhe Zhang. Invention is credited to Dipakbin Qasem Chowdhury, William Keith Fisher, Kiat Chyai Kang, Michael Aaron McDonald, Chunhe Zhang.
Application Number | 20140014260 13/547092 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48692653 |
Filed Date | 2014-01-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140014260 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chowdhury; Dipakbin Qasem ;
et al. |
January 16, 2014 |
LAMINATED STRUCTURES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING LAMINATED
STRUCTURES
Abstract
Laminated structures include a thin glass sheet with a thickness
of less than 600 .mu.m being attached to a metal sheet with an
adhesive layer including a thickness of about 100 .mu.m or less.
These laminated structures can include planar or curved shapes.
Methods of manufacturing a laminated structure are also provided
including the step of attaching a glass sheet with a thickness of
less than 600 .mu.m to a metal sheet with an adhesive layer
including a thickness of about 300 .mu.m or less.
Inventors: |
Chowdhury; Dipakbin Qasem;
(Corning, NY) ; Fisher; William Keith; (Suffield,
CT) ; Kang; Kiat Chyai; (Painted Post, NY) ;
McDonald; Michael Aaron; (Painted Post, NY) ; Zhang;
Chunhe; (Horseheads, NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Chowdhury; Dipakbin Qasem
Fisher; William Keith
Kang; Kiat Chyai
McDonald; Michael Aaron
Zhang; Chunhe |
Corning
Suffield
Painted Post
Painted Post
Horseheads |
NY
CT
NY
NY
NY |
US
US
US
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
48692653 |
Appl. No.: |
13/547092 |
Filed: |
July 12, 2012 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
156/222 ;
156/212; 156/60; 428/215 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 17/10119 20130101;
Y10T 156/1028 20150115; Y10T 156/10 20150115; B32B 38/0012
20130101; Y10T 156/1044 20150115; Y10T 428/24967 20150115; B32B
7/02 20130101; B32B 15/08 20130101; B32B 17/061 20130101; B32B
15/18 20130101; B32B 17/10018 20130101; B32B 17/10 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
156/222 ;
428/215; 156/60; 156/212 |
International
Class: |
B32B 7/02 20060101
B32B007/02; B32B 38/00 20060101 B32B038/00 |
Claims
1. A laminated structure comprising: a metal sheet; a glass sheet
including a thickness T1 of less than 600 .mu.m; and an adhesive
layer attaching the glass sheet to the metal sheet, the adhesive
layer including a thickness T2 of about 300 .mu.m or less.
2. The laminated structure of claim 1, wherein the thickness T1 of
the glass sheet is about 300 .mu.m or less.
3. The laminated structure of claim 2, wherein the thickness T1 of
the glass sheet is from about 50 .mu.m to about 300 .mu.m.
4. The laminated structure of claim 1, wherein the glass sheet
comprises glass selected from the group consisting of soda lime
glass, borosilicate and alkaline earth boro-aluminosilicate.
5. The laminated structure of claim 1, wherein the thickness T2 of
the adhesive layer is from about 20 .mu.m to about 75 .mu.m.
6. The laminated structure of claim 1, wherein the thickness T2 of
the adhesive layer is from about 25 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m.
7. The laminated structure of claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer
is substantially transparent.
8. The laminated structure of claim 1, wherein the metal sheet
comprises steel.
9. The laminated structure of claim 1, wherein the metal sheet has
a thickness T3 from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.
10-20. (canceled)
21. A laminated structure comprising: a metal sheet; a glass sheet
including a thickness T1 of less than 600 .mu.m; and an adhesive
layer attaching the glass sheet to the metal sheet, the adhesive
layer including a thickness T2 of about 1.5 mm or less.
22. The laminated structure of claim 21, wherein the thickness T1
of the glass sheet is about 300 .mu.m or less.
23. The laminated structure of claim 22, wherein the thickness T1
of the glass sheet is from about 50 .mu.m to about 300 .mu.m.
24. The laminated structure of claim 1, wherein the glass sheet
comprises chemically strengthened glass.
25. The laminate structure of claim 1, wherein the glass sheet is a
conformable glass sheet.
26. The laminate structure of claim 25 wherein the conformable
glass sheet has a minimum radius of curvature Rg determined as a
function of: E T 1 2 Rg .ltoreq. 15 MPa ##EQU00002## wherein E
represents Young's Modulus of the glass sheet.
27. The laminate structure of claim 25 wherein the metal sheet is
non-planar and the glass sheet is cold formed to the metal
sheet.
28. The laminate structure of claim 25 wherein the metal sheet has
a non-planar geometry and the glass sheet is pre-formed to said
non-planar geometry.
29. The laminated structure of claim 21, wherein the glass sheet
comprises chemically strengthened glass.
30. The laminate structure of claim 21, wherein the glass sheet is
a conformable glass sheet.
31. The laminate structure of claim 30 wherein the conformable
glass sheet has a minimum radius of curvature Rg determined as a
function of: E T 1 2 Rg .ltoreq. 15 MPa ##EQU00003## wherein E
represents Young's Modulus of the glass sheet.
32. The laminate structure of claim 30 wherein the metal sheet is
non-planar and the glass sheet is cold formed to the metal
sheet.
33. The laminate structure of claim 30 wherein the metal sheet has
a non-planar geometry and the glass sheet is pre-formed to said
non-planar geometry.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates generally to laminated
structures and methods of manufacturing laminated structures and,
more particularly, to laminated structures including a thin or
ultra thin glass sheet adhered to a metal sheet with an adhesive
layer and methods of manufacturing a laminated structure including
the step of attaching a glass sheet to a metal sheet with an
adhesive layer.
[0003] 2. Technical Background
[0004] It is known to provide a variety of apparatus, such as
appliances, with an outer housing including a metal sheet. For
example, typically, relatively thin metal sheets are used as an
outer housing surface for an appliance. As such, the metal sheet
provides a protection while also maintaining the outer appearance
of the appliance.
SUMMARY
[0005] In one example aspect, a laminated structure comprises a
metal sheet and a thin glass sheet including a thickness T1 of less
than 600 .mu.m. The laminated structure further includes an
adhesive layer attaching the glass sheet to the metal sheet. The
adhesive layer includes a thickness T2 of about 300 .mu.m or
less.
[0006] In one example of the aspect, the thickness T1 of the glass
sheet is about 300 .mu.m or less, 250 .mu.m or less, about 200
.mu.m or less, 150 .mu.m or less such as from about 50 .mu.m to
about 300 .mu.m.
[0007] In yet another example of the aspect, the glass sheet
comprises glass selected from the group consisting of soda lime
glass, borosilicate and alkaline earth boro-alumino silicate.
[0008] In still another example of the aspect, the thickness T2 of
the adhesive layer is from about 20 .mu.m to about 75 .mu.m, such
as from about 25 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m, or 25 .mu.m or less, 100
.mu.m or less, or 300 .mu.m or less.
[0009] In still another example of the aspect, the thickness T2 of
the adhesive layer is 1.5 mm or less.
[0010] In another example of the aspect, the adhesive layer is
substantially transparent. The transparent adhesive layer may be
clear, colored or provided with decorative patter or print.
[0011] In another example of the aspect, the adhesive layer is
translucent or even opaque, and may be of any color or provided
with a decorative pattern or print.
[0012] In still another example of the aspect, the metal sheet
comprises steel.
[0013] In a further example of the aspect, the metal sheet has a
thickness T3 from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.
[0014] In another example aspect, a method of manufacturing a
laminated structure comprises the step (I) of providing a metal
sheet and the step (II) of providing a thin glass sheet including a
thickness T1 of less than 600 .mu.m. The method further includes
the step (III) of attaching the glass sheet to the metal sheet with
an adhesive layer to form the laminated structure. After the glass
sheet is attached to the metal sheet, the adhesive layer includes a
thickness T2 of about 300 .mu.m or less.
[0015] In one example of the aspect, step (III) includes attaching
the glass sheet to the metal sheet such that a shape of the glass
sheet provided during step (II) is changed to substantially match a
shape of the metal sheet provided during step (I).
[0016] In another example of the aspect, step (III) includes
bending the glass sheet to conform to a shape of the metal
sheet.
[0017] In still another example of the aspect, after step (III),
further including the step of bending the laminated structure to a
desired shape.
[0018] In a further example of the aspect, step (II) provides the
thickness T1 of the glass sheet from about 300 .mu.m or less, such
as from about 50 .mu.m to about 300 .mu.m.
[0019] In still a further example of the aspect, step (II) provides
the glass sheet with glass selected from the group consisting of
soda lime glass, borosilicate and alkaline earth boro-alumino
silicate.
[0020] In yet a further example of the aspect, step (III) provides
the thickness T2 of the adhesive layer from about 20 .mu.m to about
75 .mu.m.
[0021] In another example aspect, a method of manufacturing a
laminated structure comprises the step (I) of providing a metal
sheet with a thickness from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, and the
step (II) of providing a thin glass sheet including a thickness T1
from about 50 .mu.m to about 300 .mu.m. The method further includes
the step (III) of attaching the glass sheet to the metal sheet with
an adhesive layer to form the laminated structure. After the glass
sheet is attached to the metal sheet, the adhesive layer includes a
thickness T2 of about 300 .mu.m or less.
[0022] In one example of the aspect, step (III) includes attaching
the glass sheet to the metal sheet such that a shape of the glass
sheet provided during step (II) is changed to substantially match a
shape of the metal sheet provided during step (I).
[0023] In another example of the aspect, (III) provides the
thickness T2 of the adhesive layer from about 20 .mu.m to about 75
.mu.m.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the
present invention are better understood when the following detailed
description of the invention is read with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which:
[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cabinet incorporating a
laminated structure in accordance with aspects of the
disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the cabinet along line
2-2 of FIG. 1 illustrating a laminated structure incorporated as
part of a wall of the cabinet;
[0027] FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a glass sheet, a metal
sheet and an adhesive layer configured to be laminated together to
form a first example laminated structure;
[0028] FIG. 4 is a view of a glass sheet, a metal sheet and an
adhesive layer of FIG. 3 being laminated together into the first
example laminated structure;
[0029] FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a glass sheet, a metal
sheet and an adhesive layer configured to be laminated together to
form a second example laminated structure;
[0030] FIG. 6 is a view of a glass sheet, a metal sheet and an
adhesive layer of FIG. 5 being laminated together into the second
example laminated structure;
[0031] FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating example methods of
manufacturing the laminated structure;
[0032] FIG. 8 illustrates the results of a breakage test performed
on a laminated structure including a glass sheet having a thickness
of 700 .mu.m;
[0033] FIG. 9 illustrates the results of a breakage test performed
on a laminated structure including a glass sheet having a thickness
of 100 .mu.m; and
[0034] FIG. 10 illustrates a plot of percent failure at different
breakage energies for various laminate structure
configurations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0035] The present invention will now be described more fully
hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
example embodiments of the invention are shown. Whenever possible,
the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to
refer to the same or like parts. However, this invention may be
embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as
limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These example
embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be both
thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the
invention to those skilled in the art.
[0036] Laminated structures may be used in a wide range of
applications in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. For
example, laminated structures may be used in various architectural
applications such as siding, decorative panels, cabinet
installations, wall coverings or other architectural applications.
In further examples, the laminated structures may be used for
furniture items and/or household appliances. For instance, the
laminated structures may be incorporated as outer panels of a
cabinet or other furniture and/or household appliance. For
instance, FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of a cabinet 101
incorporating a laminated structure 103 in accordance with aspects
of the disclosure. In on example, the cabinet 101 can be
incorporated in a wall unit for storage. In another example, the
cabinet can be refrigerated. For instance, the cabinet 101 can
comprise a refrigerator and/or a freezer although various other
nonrefrigerated examples may be alternatively provided.
[0037] FIG. 2 illustrates an example cross section along line 2-2
of FIG. 1 for just one example wherein the laminated structure has
been incorporated as part of a closure of a refrigerated cabinet
(e.g., refrigerator and/or freezer). Indeed, as shown in FIG. 2,
the laminated structure 103 may optionally be mounted with an
adhesive 201 to an insulating layer 203 such as expanded
polystyrene. Moreover, the interior chamber of the refrigerated
cabinet may be defined by an inner skin 205, such as a plastic
formed skin configured to form inner skin of the inner chamber.
[0038] In further examples, the laminated structure 103 may be
provided in various other configurations and does not necessarily
require backing material such as the illustrated insulating layer
203 and/or inner skin 205. In fact, some examples may employ the
laminated structure 103 to provide the entire construction in
use.
[0039] As shown in FIG. 2, the laminated structure can include a
metal sheet 207 that can comprise a wide range of metal types
and/or a wide range of thicknesses and configurations. For
instance, the metal sheet 207 can comprise steel, aluminum or other
metal type. In one particular example, the metal sheet can comprise
stainless steel. Stainless steel can have suitable application for
outer panel constructions providing desired protection while
resisting corrosion over time. In other examples, the metal may be
pre-laminated with protective or decorative films, or decorated or
pretreated, for example anodized aluminum. The surface of the metal
may be treated for decorative purposes, for example steel or
aluminum sheets may be brushed, acid etched, sand blasted, etc. in
order to provide a decorative pattern or appearance to the surface
of the metal sheet.
[0040] The metal sheet 207 can include a wide range of thicknesses
depending on the particular application. Relatively thin metal
sheets may be used in applications to reduce material costs and/or
weight of the laminated structure while still providing sufficient
resistance to deformation. In further examples, relatively thick
metal sheets may be used in applications where further support is
required to maintain the mechanical integrity of the laminated
structure. In some examples, the thicknesses may range from 25
Gauge metal sheet (e.g., about 0.5 mm) up to 12 Gauge metal sheet
(i.e., about 2 mm). As such, referring to FIG. 2, the thickness T3
of the metal sheet 207 can be from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm
although other thicknesses may be provided depending on the
particular application.
[0041] The metal sheet 207 can also have a wide range of
configurations in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. For
example, as shown in FIG. 3, the metal sheet 207 can comprise a
substantially planar metal sheet configuration including a first
substantially flat outer surface 301 and a substantially flat inner
surface 302. As shown, in some examples, the flat surfaces 301, 302
can be substantially parallel to one another to define the
thickness T3 therebetween that remains substantially constant
throughout a portion, such as substantially all, of the metal sheet
207. Although not shown, the substantially flat surfaces 301, 302
may be angled relative to one another such that the thickness T3 is
not substantially the same along the entire metal sheet 207.
[0042] In an alternative example, FIGS, 5 and 6 illustrate an
alternative laminated structure 501 including a metal sheet 503
that may have a similar wide range of metal types and/or a wide
range of thicknesses as discussed with respect to the metal sheet
207 shown in FIGS. 2-4. However, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the
metal sheet 503 may include an alternative configuration that may
not be flat along at least a portion of the metal sheet. For an
illustrative example, the metal sheet 503 can have undulations
extending along the X-axis, such as the width "W" of laminated
structure 103 shown in FIG. 1. In addition, or alternatively, the
metal sheet 503 can also include similar, such as identical,
undulations extending along the Y-axis, such as the height "H" of
the laminated structure 103 shown in FIG. 1. As such, in some
examples, the metal sheet 503 can include a curved metal sheet 503
with curved portions extending along the X-axis and/or Y-axis of
the glass sheet. In some examples, a single array of curvatures may
be provided along the X-axis and/or Y-axis. In further examples, a
matrix of curvatures may be provided along both the X-axis and the
Y-axis. Furthermore, a single curved surface and/or a plurality of
curved surfaces maybe provided in further examples.
[0043] Referring to FIG. 5, the metal sheet 503 can include an
outer surface 505 with a plurality of curves 507 including a radius
"Rm" that may include a wide range of values discussed more fully
below. The metal sheet 503 can also include an inner surface 509
that follows the outer surface 505 to define a thickness T3
therebetween that remains substantially constant along a portion,
such as substantially the entire metal sheet 503. In further
examples, that thickness T3 may vary along the metal sheet 503. For
example, the inner surface 509 may be substantially flat while the
outer surface 505 includes a curved surface. In such examples, the
substantially flat nature of the inner surface 509 may allow for
mounting on a similar substantially flat mounting member while
still exposing the outer surface 505 with the desired curved
characteristics.
[0044] As further illustrated in FIG. 2, the laminated structure
103 can include a glass sheet 209 that can comprise a wide range of
glass types and/or a wide range of thicknesses and configurations.
In one example, the glass sheet 209 can be from various families of
glass including soda lime glass, borosilicate and alkaline earth
boro-aluminosilicate although other types of glass sheets may be
used in further examples. To achieve 50 .mu.m to 300 .mu.m glass
thickness, various glass forming methods may be deployed such as
slot draw or fusion draw processes. For instance, a fusion draw
process can be provided to obtain a pristine surface. In some
examples, display quality glass sheets may be used to provide a
transparent covering over the outer surface 301, 505 of the metal
sheets 207, 503. Providing display quality glass can allow the
aesthetic appearance of the outer surface of the metal sheets to be
preserved. At the same time, the glass sheet 209 can help maintain
the pristine surface quality of the outer surface 301, 505 of the
metal sheet 207, 503. Indeed, scratches, smudging or other
imperfections can be avoided due to the protective glass sheet
laminated with the metal sheet.
[0045] In some examples, the glass sheet 209 can include a
thickness T1 of less than 600 .mu.m, such as about 300 .mu.m or
less, 250 .mu.m or less, about 200 .mu.m or less, 150 .mu.m or
less, such as from about 50 .mu.m to about 300 .mu.m. Providing
relatively thin glass sheets can reduce costs of materials, reduce
optical refraction and can help in the laminating procedure.
Various techniques can be used to generate the glass sheet 209. For
example, fusion down draw techniques, fusion updraw techniques,
slot draw techniques or other processes may be used to provide a
glass ribbon that may be processed into glass sheets having the
desired dimensional configuration.
[0046] As further shown in FIGS. 2-6, the glass laminate structure
further includes an adhesive layer 211 that attaches the glass
sheet 209 to the metal sheet 207, 503. The adhesive layer includes
a thickness T2 of about 300 .mu.m or less, such as from about 20
.mu.m to about 200 .mu.m, such as from about 20 .mu.m to about 100
.mu.m, such as from about 20 .mu.m to about 75 .mu.m, such as from
about 25 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m although other thicknesses may be
used in further examples. As described more fully below, adhesive
layers 211 having a reduced thickness can enhance the strength of
the laminate structure.
[0047] The adhesive layer 211 can comprise an optical clear
adhesive to form an adhesive layer 211 that is substantially
transparent, although opaque and possibly colored adhesive layers
maybe provided in further examples. Providing a substantially
transparent adhesive layer 211 can allow clear viewing of the outer
surface 301, 505 of the metal sheets 207, 503.
[0048] Methods of manufacturing a laminated structure will now be
described. FIG. 7 represents steps of example methods with the
understanding that the illustrated steps maybe carried out in a
different order unless otherwise noted. Moreover, additional steps
maybe provided that are not illustrated unless otherwise stated. As
shown in FIG. 7, the method can optionally begin at 701 with a step
703 of providing the metal sheet 207, 503. In one example, the
metal sheet 207 includes a substantially flat metal sheet. In
further examples, the metal sheet 207 may be formed with a curved
surface with curves 507 having various configurations. As mentioned
previously, the metal sheet 207, 503 can include a wide ranges of
thicknesses T3, for example, from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm
although other thicknesses may be provided in further examples.
[0049] The method can also include the step 705 of providing the
glass sheet 209 including the thickness T1 of less than 600 .mu.m,
such as from about 300 .mu.m or less, such as from about 50 .mu.m
to about 300 .mu.m. The glass sheet 209 can be provided with glass
selected from various families of glass including soda lime glass,
borosilicate and alkaline earth boro-aluminosilicate although other
glass compositions may be used in further examples.
[0050] The method can further include the step of attaching the
glass sheet to the metal sheet with the adhesive layer to form the
laminated structure. For example, as referenced by step 707 in FIG.
7 and as shown in FIG. 5, the step of attaching the glass sheet 209
to the metal sheet 503 can include providing the adhesive layer 211
on an inner surface 511 of the glass sheet 209. In addition or
alternatively, the adhesive layer may be applied to the outer
surface 505 of the metal sheet 503. As shown in FIG. 6, the glass
sheet 209 and the metal sheet 207 can then be laminated together,
for example, with a laminating roller 601 or other device. As
shown, during the step of attaching the glass sheet 209 to the
metal sheet 503 can be carried out such that a shape of the glass
sheet 209 previously provided (e.g., see FIG. 5) is changed to
substantially match a shape of the metal sheet (e.g., see FIG. 6).
Indeed, as shown in the illustrated example, step of attaching
shown in FIG. 6 can include the step of bending the glass sheet 209
to conform to a shape of the metal sheet 503. As such, the outer
surfaces 603 of the conformed glass sheet 209 can include curves
602 that follow the curves 507 of the outer surface 606 of the
metal sheet 503.
[0051] The curves 602, if provided, can have various curvatures
generally defined by a radius of curvature of the glass Rg. In some
examples, the radius of curvature may be maintained above a minimum
value to reduce stress in the glass sheet during the step of
bending. The minimum radius of curvature of the glass Rg can be
selected to meet the following equality:
E t 2 Rg .ltoreq. 15 MPa ( 1 ) ##EQU00001##
[0052] wherein "E" is the Young's Modulus of the glass, "t" is the
thickness of the glass.
[0053] By using the equality (1) above, the glass sheet 209 may be
bent to form a wide range of curvatures while still meeting the
equality (1). For instance, assuming the Young's Modulus of the
glass sheet 209 is 70 GPa and the thickness is 50 .mu.m, the
minimum curvature radius can be calculated as 116.7 mm. Considering
a factor of safety, the radius of curvature Rg of the glass sheet
209 can be maintained above a minimum radius of curvature of 20 cm
for the glass sheet having a thickness of 50 .mu.m. For 50 .mu.m
and 150 .mu.m thick glass sheet, the radius of curvature Rg of the
glass sheet can be maintained above respective minimum radius of
curvatures of 40 cm or 60 cm.
[0054] Once complete, as indicated by step 709, the step 707 of
attaching can provide a laminated structure 501 wherein the shape
of the glass sheet 209 (e.g., flat as shown in FIG. 5) can be bent
to substantially match at least a portion of a shape of the outer
surface 505 of the metal sheet 503. As such, a separate heated
pre-forming step is not necessary to achieve the desired matched
shape prior to attaching the glass sheet to the metal sheet.
Rather, the metal sheet can act as a mold for the flexible glass
sheet that may be bent about the contours of the outer surface 505
of the metal sheet 503 and held in place by the adhesive layer 211.
As such, potential mismatching of the shapes of the metal sheet and
the glass sheet is avoided. Moreover, expensive and time-consuming
processing steps of heating the glass sheet to pre-form the glass
sheet with a curved surface that matches the curved surface
topography of the metal sheet 503 is likewise avoided. Rather, a
glass sheet may be fabricated (e.g., by a down-draw process) and
the shape of the glass sheet achieved during the downdraw process
may be sufficient to quickly flex the glass sheet into a wide range
of shape configurations without a separate heating step to pre-mold
the glass sheet. In fact a pre-forming step for the glass sheet
that is separate from the step of attaching the glass sheet to the
metal sheet is not necessary. Rather, in accordance with aspects of
the disclosure, the actual step of attaching the glass sheet to the
metal sheet consequently results in the laminated structure
including the desired shape configuration for the glass sheet.
[0055] Moreover, while the glass sheet is shown to conform to the
outer surface 505, the glass sheet, in some examples, may be bent
around the side surface and even back around the inner surface 509
in further examples where the bending radius is maintained above
the minimum bending radius of the glass sheet.
[0056] While aspects of the disclosure can provide benefits for
applications where it is desired to have a laminated structure with
non-planar surfaces (e.g., curved surfaces), further aspects of the
disclosure can provide benefits for applications where the glass
sheet maintains substantially the same shape and is coupled with a
metal sheet with a similar shape configuration. The laminated
structure may have any non-planar or curved shape, such a simple
curve with a single axis of curvature or a complex curvature with
multiple axes of curvature or angled portions. For example, a
central portion of the laminate may be planar or somewhat curved or
bowed and one or more side portions may be rearwardly bent forming
a beveled edge or a rounded corner and side wall portion. As
referenced by step 711 in FIG. 7 and as shown in FIG. 3, the
adhesive layer 211 may be applied to the substantially outer
surface 301 of the metal sheet. In addition, or alternatively, the
adhesive layer may be applied to an inner surface 511 of the glass
sheet 209. As shown in FIG. 4, the glass sheet 209 and the metal
sheet 207 can then be laminated together with a laminating roller
601 or other device, such that after the glass sheet 209 is
attached to the metal sheet 207, the adhesive layer 211 includes
the thickness T2 of about 300 .mu.m or less, 100 .mu.m or less, or
25 .mu.m or less as discussed above for portable applications, such
as mobile electronic devices, or up to 1.5 mm non-portable
applications, such as large displays/electronics, appliances and
structural or architectural applications.
[0057] In some examples, the process may end, as indicated by step
709 wherein the laminated structure 103 includes the final planar
shape illustrated in FIG. 4. As such, in some examples, the glass
sheet may maintain substantially the same shape (e.g., planar,
curved or otherwise) during the step of attaching. Alternatively,
the laminated structure 103 can include a subsequent processing
step 713 wherein, after the step of laminating the glass sheet to
the metal sheet with the adhesive layer, step 713 can optionally be
provided to bend the laminated structure to a desired shape. For
example, step 711 can be carried out to obtain the laminated
structure 103 shown in FIG. 4. Next, the glass sheet and the metal
sheet may be bent together to obtain the final shaped configuration
shown in FIG. 6.
[0058] As mentioned above, glass sheets 209 of the laminated
structures according to aspects of the disclosure can include a
wide range of thicknesses T1. For example, as mentioned above, the
thickness T1 of the glass sheet 209 can be less than 600 .mu.m,
such as about 300 .mu.m or less, such as from about 50 .mu.m to
about 300 .mu.m. Providing glass sheets 209 having a thickness T1
of less than 600 .mu.m can result in a more desirable breakage
pattern under failure conditions. FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a
comparison of breakage patterns of glass/steel laminates wherein
the glass sheet has a relatively high thickness (see FIG. 8)
compared to a glass sheet with a relatively low thickness (see FIG.
9).
[0059] More particularly, FIG. 8 is an image showing the breakage
behavior of a glass/steel laminate constructed of a glass sheet
comprising Corning Gorilla.RTM. glass including a thickness of 700
.mu.m, an adhesive layer with a thickness of 50 .mu.m, and a 16
Gauge steel sheet. In comparison FIG. 9 is an image showing the
breakage behavior of a glass/steel laminate constructed of a glass
sheet including a thickness of 100 .mu.m, an adhesive layer with a
thickness of 50 .mu.m, and a 16 Gauge steel sheet. The glass
breakage was triggered by a 535 gram steel ball. As the image of
FIG. 8 shows, breakage of a laminated structure with a thickness of
700 .mu.m resulted in a significant portion of the fragments
staying in place. However, the fragments of the breakage pattern of
FIG. 8 resulted in relatively sharp surface characteristics from
the glass fragments. In contrast, as the image of FIG. 9 shows,
breakage of a laminated structure with a thickness of 100 .mu.m
also shows a significant portion of fragments staying in place.
Moreover, unlike the breakage pattern of FIG. 8, the breakage
pattern of FIG. 9 did not provide fragments with significant sharp
surface characteristics.
[0060] As further discussed above, an adhesive layer attaching the
glass sheet to the metal sheet can include a thickness T2 of about
300 .mu.m or less, 100 .mu.m or less, or 25 lam or less, such as
from about 20 .mu.m to about 200 .mu.m, such as from about 20 .mu.m
to about 100 .mu.m, such as from about 20 .mu.m to about 75 .mu.m
such as from about 25 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m. More particularly
providing the adhesive layer with lower thickness as discussed
above, can provide the laminate structure with an enhanced impact
resistance. For instance, FIG. 10 shows Weibull plots comparing the
impact energy at breakage for various laminate structures. The
vertical Y-axis is in (percent, %) while the horizontal X-axis
represents energy at breakage (Joules). The plots demonstrate that
laminate structures of the disclosure (e.g., see plots 1003 and
1005) provide comparably good impact resistance when compared to
fully tempered 4 mm soda lime glass represented by plot 1001 in
FIG. 10. Plot 1003 represents a laminate structure with a glass
sheet having a thickness T1 of 100 .mu.m, and adhesive layer having
a thickness T2 of 50 .mu.m, and a 16 Gauge steel sheet. Plot 1005
represents a laminate structure with a glass sheet having a
thickness T1 of 100 .mu.m, and adhesive layer having a thickness T2
of 25 .mu.m, and a 16 Gauge steel sheet. The impact testing was
conducted using a 535 gram steel ball with the glass laminate
structures being supported by a one-inch thick foam. Impacting was
carried out on the centers of the samples starting at 15 cm and
increasing by 5 cm until the sample breaks. The energy data at
breakage for each sample was collected and plotted in a Weibull
format. As shown in FIG. 10 by plot 1005, laminate structures
having an adhesive layer thickness of 25 .mu.m have better impact
resistance than that of fully tempered 4 mm soda lime (see plot
1001) or laminate structures with an adhesive layer thickness of 50
.mu.m (see plot 1003).
[0061] The disclosure presents laminate structures including a
glass sheet that is laminated to a metal sheet by way of an
adhesive layer. The adhesive layer may be transparent such that the
underlying metal sheet can be seen through the glass sheet and
adhesive layer. The transparent adhesive layer may be clear,
colored or provided with decorative patter or print. Alternatively,
the adhesive layer may be translucent (for example frosted) or even
opaque, and may be of any color or provided with a decorative
pattern or print. Any suitable adhesive as is well understood in
the art may be employed.
[0062] Aspects of the disclosure can provide glass sheets that may
be cold formed to a non-flat surface topography of a metal sheet,
thereby avoiding the drawbacks, time and expense associated with
thermal pre-molding a glass sheet to a shape prior to attaching the
sheet with the formed shape to the metal sheet with the presumed
identical shape. Indeed, the manufacturing process does not require
the involvement of thermal bending to pre-form the glass sheet.
Rather, a single step of bending the glass sheet, for example under
room temperature conditions well within the elastic region of the
glass sheet, can be performed while the glass sheet is being
attached to the metal sheet during a lamination procedure.
[0063] The disclosure further presents laminate structures that
protect a metal sheet with a glass sheet to avoid scratching of the
metal sheet and soiling the surface of the glass sheet. Indeed, any
smudges or dirt may be easily removed from the surface of the glass
sheet in a convenient manner that may be more difficult to remove
from an unprotected metal surface. In some examples, the glass
sheets can be laminated to a stainless steel metal sheet to provide
an attractive look that has enhanced scratch resistance, and
relatively easy cleanability, for example, with respect to
fingerprints, oil smudges, microbial contaminants, etc. The glass
sheet can thereby help preserve the aesthetic look of the stainless
steel and can help facilitate cleaning and maintenance of the
surface of the laminated structure.
[0064] Moreover, the glass sheet of the laminated structure can
provided the stainless steel metal sheet with increased resistance
to plastic deformation under sharp impact. As such, providing the
laminate structure can permit the glass sheet to help shield the
metal sheet from impacts that may otherwise dent or damage the
metal sheet. The glass sheet can also increase the
chemical/electrochemical stability when compared to a stainless
steel metal sheet, thereby preserving the surface characteristics
of the stainless steel.
[0065] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and variations can be made to the present invention
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus,
it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications
and variations of this invention provided they come within the
scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
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