U.S. patent application number 14/020271 was filed with the patent office on 2014-01-02 for active compound combinations.
The applicant listed for this patent is Peter Dahmen, Ulrich Heinemann, Kerstin ILG, Ulrike Wachendorff-Neumann. Invention is credited to Peter Dahmen, Ulrich Heinemann, Kerstin ILG, Ulrike Wachendorff-Neumann.
Application Number | 20140005049 14/020271 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42134274 |
Filed Date | 2014-01-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140005049 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ILG; Kerstin ; et
al. |
January 2, 2014 |
ACTIVE COMPOUND COMBINATIONS
Abstract
The invention relates to active compound combinations, in
particular within a composition, which comprises (A) an amidine
compound of formula (I) and a further fungicidally (B-1),
insecticidally (B-2) active or plant growth regulating compound
(B-3). Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively
or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or
reducing the mycotoxin contamination of plant or plant parts, to
the use of a combination according to the invention for the
treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and not at
least to the treated seed. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
ILG; Kerstin; (Koln, DE)
; Heinemann; Ulrich; (Leichlingen, DE) ; Dahmen;
Peter; (Neuss, DE) ; Wachendorff-Neumann; Ulrike;
(Neuwied, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ILG; Kerstin
Heinemann; Ulrich
Dahmen; Peter
Wachendorff-Neumann; Ulrike |
Koln
Leichlingen
Neuss
Neuwied |
|
DE
DE
DE
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
42134274 |
Appl. No.: |
14/020271 |
Filed: |
September 6, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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12969694 |
Dec 16, 2010 |
8530381 |
|
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14020271 |
|
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61287475 |
Dec 17, 2009 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
504/100 ;
504/208; 504/239; 504/248; 504/261; 504/274; 504/288; 504/313;
504/322; 504/345; 504/347; 514/144; 514/250; 514/259.31; 514/361;
514/86; 514/93 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 43/82 20130101;
A01N 43/82 20130101; A01N 43/82 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101;
A01N 37/50 20130101; A01N 43/56 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101;
A01N 25/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
504/100 ;
514/361; 504/345; 504/322; 504/288; 504/208; 504/274; 504/347;
504/313; 504/239; 504/261; 504/248; 514/259.31; 514/93; 514/86;
514/144; 514/250 |
International
Class: |
A01N 43/82 20060101
A01N043/82; A01N 25/00 20060101 A01N025/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 16, 2009 |
EP |
09179444.6 |
Claims
1. A composition comprising (A) at least one compound according to
formula (I) ##STR00011## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen-a mercapto- (--SH) and a methyl group;
R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of a methyl- and an
ethyl group; R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of a
methyl-, an ethyl- and an isopropyl group; or alternatively R.sup.2
and R.sup.3 can form, together with the N-atom to which they are
attached, a piperidyl-, a pyrrolidyl- or a
2,6-dimethylmorpholinyl-ring; R.sup.4 is selected from the group
consisting of a chlorine- or a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethyl-, a
difluoromethyl- and a methyl group; R.sup.5 and R.sup.6
independently from each other, are selected from the group
consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl- and an ethyl group; or can
form, together with the C-atom to which they are attached, a
cyclopropyl ring; R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of
a chlorine atom, a tert-butyl-, a methoxy-, an ethoxy-, a
trimethylsilyl- and a triethylsilyl-group, n is 1 or salts or
stereoisomers thereof, and (B-I) at least one further active
compound selected from the group consisting of (B-I.2) inhibitors
of the respiratory chain at complex I or II, (B-I.3) inhibitors of
the respiratory chain at complex III, (B-I.4) Inhibitors of the
mitosis and cell division, (B-I.5) Compounds capable to have a
multisite action, (B-I.6) Compounds capable to induce a host
defence, (B-I.7) Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein
biosynthesis, (B-I.8) Inhibitors of the ATP production, (B-I.9)
Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, (B-I.10) Inhibitors of the
lipid and membrane synthesis, (B-I.11) Inhibitors of the melanine
biosynthesis, (B-I.12) Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis,
(B-I.13) Inhibitors of the signal transduction, (B-I.14) Compounds
capable to act as an uncoupler, and (B-I.15) Further compounds or
(B-II) at least one further insecticidally active compound,
selected from the group consisting of (B-II.1) Acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitors, (B-II.2) GABA-gated chloride channel
antagonists, (B-II.3) Sodium channel modulators/voltage-dependent
sodium channel blockers, (B-II.4) Nicotinergic acetylcholine
receptor agonists, (B-II.5) Allosteric acetylcholine receptor
modulators (agonists), (B-II.6) Chloride channel activators,
(B-II.7) Juvenile hormone mimics, (B-II.8) Miscellaneous
non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, (B-II.9) Selective homopteran
feeding blockers, (B-II.10) Mite growth inhibitors, (B-II.11)
Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, (B-II.12)
Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, (B-II.13) Uncouplers of
oxidative phoshorylation via disruption of the proton gradient,
(B-II.14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers,
(B-II.15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, (B-II.16)
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, (B-II.17) Moulting
disruptors, (B-II.18) Ecdysone receptor agonists/disruptors,
(B-II.19) Octopamine receptor agonists, (B-II.20) Mitochondrial
complex III electron transport inhibitors, (B-II.21) Mitochondrial
complex I electron transport inhibitors, (B-II.22)
Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, (B-II.23) Inhibitors of
acetyl CoA carboxylase, (B-II.24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron
inhibitors, (B-II.25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport
inhibitors, (B-II.28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, or (B-III) at
least one compound having plant growth regulating activity,
selected from the group consisting of (B-III.1) antiauxines,
(B-III.2) auxines, (B-III.3) cytokinines, (B-III.4) defoliating
agents, (B-III.5) ethylene inhibitors, (B-III.6) ethylene
generators, (B-III.7) gibberellines, (B-III.8) abscisinic acid,
ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium or its chloride,
chlorpropham, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, flumetralin,
fluoridamide, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid,
maleic acid hydrazide or its potassium salt, mepiquat or its
chloride, piproctanyl or its bromide, prohydrojasmon, propham,
2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid, 2,6-diisopropylnaphthaline, cloprop,
1-naphthylacetic acid ethylester, isoprothiolane, MCPB-ethyl
[4-4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid ethylester],
N-acetylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, n-decanol, pelargonic acid,
N-phenylphthaliminic acid, tecnazene, triacontanol,
2,3-dihydro-5,6-diphenyl-1,4-oxathiin,
2-cyano-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acrylic acid, 2-hydrazinoethanol,
alorac, amidochlor, BTS 44584
[dimethyl(4-piperidinocarbonyloxy-2,5-xylyl)sulfonium-toluen-4-sulfonat],
chloramben, chlorfluren, chlorfluren-methyl, dicamba-methyl,
dichlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol-methyl, dimexano, etacelasil,
hexafluoraceton-trihydrat,
N-(2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N'-phenylurea, N-m-tolylphthalaminic
acid, N-Pyrrolidinosuccinaminic acid, 3-tert-Butylphenoxyacetic
acid propylester, pydanon, sodium (Z)-3-chloracrylate, (B-III.9)
morphactines, (B-III.10) plant growth retarders/modifiers,
(B-III.11) plant growth stimulators, (B-III.12) benzofluor,
buminafos, carvone, ciobutide, clofencet, clofence-potassium,
cloxyfonac, cloxyfonac-sodium, cyclanilide, cycloheximide,
epocholeone, ethylchlozate, ethylene, fenridazon, heptopargil,
holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, methasulfocarb,
prohexadione, prohexadione-Calcium, pydanon, sintofen,
triapenthenol, trinexapac and trinexapac-ethyl.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one
compound of formula (I) is the compound of formula (Ia)
##STR00012##
3. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one
further active compound (B-I) is selected from the group consisting
of Cyproconazole, Epoxiconazole, Flusilazole, Fluquinconazole
Ipconazole, Propiconazole, Metconazole, Tebuconazole, Triadimenol,
Azoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Picoxystrobin,
Pyraclostrobin, Boscalid, Chlorothalonil, Cyprodinil, Fludioxonil,
Fluopyram, Thiophanat-methyl, Penflufen, Isopyrazam, Sedaxane,
Myclobutonil, Prochloraz, Spiroxamine,
N-(3',4'-dichloro-5-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-meth-
yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, Ametoctradin,
5-Chlor-6-(2,4,6-trifluorphenyl)-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)[1,2,4]triazol-
o[1,5-a]pyrimidin,
1-methyl-N-{2-[1'-methyl-1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(trifluorome-
thyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
N-{2-[1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-p-
yrazole-4-carboxamide,
1-methyl-N-{2-[1'-methyl-1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(difluoromet-
hyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, and
N-{2-[1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-1H-py-
razole-4-carboxamide.
4. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one
further insecticidally active compound (B-II) is selected from the
group consisting of Acephate, Acequinocyl, Acrinathrin, Aldicarb,
Amitraz, Anthraquinone, Azinphos-Methyl, Azocyclotin, Bendiocarb,
Benfuracarb, Bifenthrin, Buprofezin, Carbaryl, Carbofuran,
Carbosulfan, Cartap, Chlorfluazuron, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-M,
Clofentezine, Clothianidin, Cyfluthrin, Cyhexatin, Cypermethrin,
Cyromazine, Deltamethrin, Diazinon, Dichloropropene, Dichlorvos,
Dimethoate, Disulfoton, Ethion, Ethiprole, Ethoprophos, Etofenprox,
Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenobucarb, Fenpyroximate, Fenthion,
Fipronil, Flubendiamide, Formetanate, Heptenophos, Hexythiazox,
Imidacloprid, Metaldehyde, Methamidophos, Methiocarb, Methomyl,
Methoxyfenozide, Milbemectin, M-Isothiocyanate, Permethrin,
Phenthoate, Phosalone, Phoxim, Polyeder-Nuclear-Vir, Profenofos,
Propargite, Prothiofos, Pyrethroids, Pyriproxifen, Quinalphos,
Quinomethionate, Resmethrin, Silafluofen,
Sodium-Tetrathiocarbonate, Spinosad, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen,
Spirotetramat, Tebupirimphos, Tefluthrin, Thiacloprid,
Thiamethoxam, Thiodicarb, Triazophos, Trichlorfon, and
Triflumuron.
5. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one
compound having plant growth regulating activity (B-III) is
selected from the group consisting of chlormequat,
chlormequat-chloride, cyclanilide, dimethipin, ethephon,
flumetralin, flurprimidol, inabenfide, mepiquat, mepiquat chloride,
1-methylcyclopropen, paclobutrazol, prohexadione-calcium,
prohydrojasmon, tribufos, thidiazuron, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl
and uniconazol.
6. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of
(A) to (B-I), (B-II), or (B-III) is from 1:100 to 100:1.
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. The composition according to claim 1 further comprising
adjuvants, solvents, carrier, surfactants or extenders.
10. A method for curatively or preventively controlling
phytopathogenic fungi of plants or reducing mycotoxin contamination
of plants or plant parts comprising applying the composition
according to claim 1 to a seed, to a plant, to a fruit of the
plant, to soil in which the plant is growing or to soil from which
the plant is grown.
11. The method according to claim 10 comprising applying (A) and
(B-I), (B-II) or (B-III) simultaneously or sequentially.
12. (canceled)
13. (canceled)
14. (canceled)
15. (canceled)
16. The method according to claim 10 wherein the composition is
applied as a foliar treatment to the plant.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the composition is
applied at a rate of from 0.1 to 10 kg/ha.
18. The method according to claim 10 wherein the composition is
applied to the soil in which the plants are growing or to the soil
from which the plants are grown.
19. The method according to claim 18 wherein the composition is
applied at a rate of from 0.1 to 10 kg/ha.
20. The method according to claim 10 wherein the composition is
applied to the seed.
21. The method according to claim 20 wherein the seed is seed of a
transgenic plant.
22. The method according to claim 20 wherein the composition is
applied to the seed at a rate of from 2 to 200 g/100 kg of
seed.
23. The composition according to claim 1 further comprising seed.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to active compound combinations, in
particular within a composition, which comprises (A) an amidine
compound of formula (I) and a further fungicidally (B-1),
insecticidally (B-2) active or plant growth regulating compound
(B-3). Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively
or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or
reducing the mycotoxin contamination of plant or plant parts, to
the use of a combination according to the invention for the
treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and not at
least to the treated seed.
[0002] WO-A-00/046 184 and WO-A-03/093 224 each disclose the use of
arylamidines as fungicides.
[0003] WO-A-03/024 219, WO-A-05/089 547 and WO-A-05/120 234 each
disclose fungicide combinations comprising at least one
phenylamidine and at least one further known fungicidally active
ingredient.
[0004] The unpublished international patent application
PCT/EP/2009/004419 discloses thiadiazolyloxyphenylamidine compounds
according to formula (I), methods for producing such compounds
starting from commercially available ingredients and its fungicidal
uses. The disclosure of this application shall be fully
incorporated herein by reference.
[0005] In conjunction with the present invention, the term plant
growth regulator (PGRs) denotes an active ingredient or a
combination of such a.i.s, which influences germination, growth,
maturation or development of plants or its fruits.
[0006] Since, moreover, the environmental and economic requirements
imposed on modern-day fungicides are continually increasing, with
regard, for example, to the spectrum of action, toxicity,
selectivity, application rate, formation of residues, and
favourable preparation ability, and since, furthermore, there may
be problems, for example, with resistances, it is constant task to
develop new fungicide agents which in some areas at least have
advantages over their known counterparts.
[0007] The invention provides active compound
combinations/compositions which in some aspects at least achieve
the stated objectives.
[0008] It has now been found, surprisingly, that the combinations
according to the invention not only bring about the additive
enhancement of the spectrum of action with respect to the
phytopathogen to be controlled that was in principle to be expected
but achieves a synergistic effect which extends the range of action
of the component (A) and of the component (B) in two ways. Firstly,
the rates of application of the component (A) and of the component
(B) are lowered whilst the action remains equally good. Secondly,
the combination still achieves a high degree of phytopathogen
control and reduction in mycotoxin contamination even where the two
individual compounds have become totally ineffective in such a low
application rate range. This allows, on the one hand, a substantial
broadening of the spectrum of phytopathogens that can be controlled
and, on the other hand, increased safety in use.
[0009] However, besides the actual synergistic action with respect
to fungicidal and mycotoxin-reducing activity, the combinations
according to the invention also have further surprising
advantageous properties which can also be described, in a wider
sense, as synergistic activity. Examples of such advantageous
properties that may be mentioned are: a broadening of the spectrum
of fungicidal activity to other phytopathogens, for example to
resistant strains; a reduction in the rate of application of the
active ingredients; adequate pest control with the aid of the
compositions according to the invention, even at a rate of
application at which the individual compounds are totally
ineffective; advantageous behaviour during formulation or upon
application, for example upon grinding, sieving, emulsifying,
dissolving or dispensing; increased storage stability; improved
stability to light; more advantageous degradability; improved
toxicological or ecotoxicological behaviour; improved
characteristics of the useful plants including: emergence, crop
yields, more developed root system, tillering increase, increase in
plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger
tillers, greener leaf color, less fertilizers needed, less seeds
needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain
maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth,
improved plant vigor, and early germination; or any other
advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.
[0010] The combination according to the invention can also provide
an improved systemicity to the active compounds that are used.
Indeed, even if some of the used fungicide compounds do not possess
any or a satisfying systemicity, within the composition according
to the invention these compounds can exhibit such a property.
[0011] In a similar manner, the combination according to the
invention can allow an increased persistence of the fungicide
efficacy of the active compounds that are employed.
[0012] Another advantage of the combination according to the
invention relies in that an increased curativity is achievable.
[0013] Accordingly, the present invention provides a combination
comprising:
[0014] (A) At least one compound according to formula (I)
##STR00002## [0015] wherein [0016] R.sup.1 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen-a mercapto- (--SH) and a methyl group;
[0017] R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of a methyl-
and an ethyl group; [0018] R.sup.3 is selected from the group
consisting of a methyl-, an ethyl- and an isopropyl group; [0019]
alternatively R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can form, together with the
N-atom, to which they are attached to, a piperidyl-, a pyrrolidyl-
or a 2,6-dimethylmorpholinyl-ring; [0020] R.sup.4 is selected from
the group consisting of a chlorine- or a fluorine atom, a
trifluoromethyl-, a difluoromethyl- and a methyl group; [0021]
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently from each other, is selected from
the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl- and an ethyl
group; or can form, together with the C-atom, to which they are
attached to, a cyclopropyl ring; [0022] R.sup.7 is selected from
the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a tert-butyl-, a methoxy-,
an ethoxy-, a trimethylsilyl- and a triethylsilyl-group, [0023] n
is 1 [0024] and salts or stereoisomers thereof, [0025] and [0026]
(B-I) at least one farther active compound selected from the group
consisting of [0027] (B-I.1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol
biosynthesis, for example (1.1) aldimorph (1704-28-5), (1.2)
azaconazole (60207-31-0), (1.3) bitertanol (55179-31-2), (1.4)
bromuconazole (116255-48-2), (1.5) cyproconazole (113096-99-4),
(1.6) diclobutrazole (75736-33-3), (1.7) difenoconazole
(119446-68-3), (1.8) diniconazole (83657-24-3), (1.9)
diniconazole-M (83657-18-5), (1.10) dodemorph (1593-77-7), (1.11)
dodemorph acetate (31717-87-0), (1.12) epoxiconazole (106325-08-0),
(1.13) etaconazole (60207-93-4), (1.14) fenarimol (60168-88-9),
(1.15) fenbuconazole (114369-43-6), (1.16) fenhexamid
(126833-17-8), (1.17) fenpropidin (67306-00-7), (1.18)
fenpropimorph (67306-03-0), (1.19) fluquinconazole (136426-54-5),
(1.20) flurprimidol (56425-91-3), (1.21) flusilazole (85509-19-9),
(1.22) flutriafol (76674-21-0), (1.23) furconazole (112839-33-5),
(1.24) furconazole-cis (112839-32-4), (1.25) hexaconazole
(79983-71-4), (1.26) imazalil (60534-80-7), (1.27) imazalil sulfate
(58594-72-2), (1.28) imibenconazole (86598-92-7), (1.29) ipconazole
(125225-28-7), (1.30) metconazole (125116-23-6), (1.31)
myclobutanil (88671-89-0), (1.32) naftifine (65472-88-0), (1.33)
nuarimol (63284-71-9), (1.34) oxpoconazole (174212-12-5), (1.35)
paclobutrazol (76738-62-0), (1.36) pefurazoate (101903-30-4),
(1.37) penconazole (66246-88-6), (1.38) piperalin (3478-94-2),
(1.39) prochloraz (67747-09-5), (1.40) propiconazole (60207-90-1),
(1.41) prothioconazole (178928-70-6), (1.42) pyributicarb
(88678-67-5), (1.43) pyrifenox (88283-41-4), (1.44) quinconazole
(103970-75-8), (1.45) simeconazole (149508-90-7), (1.46)
spiroxamine (118134-30-8), (1.47) tebuconazole (107534-96-3),
(1.48) terbinafine (91161-71-6), (1.49) tetraconazole
(112281-77-3), (1.50) triadimefon (43121-43-3), (1.51) triadimenol
(89482-17-7), (1.52) tridemorph (81412-43-3), (1.53) triflumizole
(68694-11-1), (1.54) triforine (26644-46-2), (1.55) triticonazole
(131983-72-7), (1.56) uniconazole (83657-22-1), (1.57) viniconazole
(77174-66-4), (1.58)
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol
(129586-32-9), (1.59) methyl
1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate
(111323-95-0), (1.60)
O-{1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}
1H-imidazole-1-carbothioate (111226-71-2), (1.61)
N'-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-propoxy]phenyl}-N-e-
thyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.62)
N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)pr-
opoxy]-phenyl}imidoformamide, (1.63) voriconazole (137234-62-9),
[0028] (B-I.2) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or
II, for example (2.1) diflumetorim (130339-07-0), (2.2) bixafen
(581809-46-03), (2.3) boscalid (188425-85-6), (2.4) carboxin
(5234-68-4), (2.5) fenfuram (24691-80-3), (2.6) fluopyram
(658066-35-4), (2.7) flutolanil (66332-96-5), (2.8) furametpyr
(123572-88-3), (2.9) furmecyclox (60568-05-0), (2.10) isopyrazam
(mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric
racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR) (88165-58-1), (2.11) isopyrazam (syn epimeric
racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.12) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer
1R,4 S,9R), (2.13) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S),
(2.14) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.15)
isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.16) isopyrazam
(anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.17) mepronil (55814-41-0),
(2.18) oxycarboxin (5259-88-1), (2.19) penflufen (494793-67-8),
(2.20) penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), (2.21) sedaxane (874967-67-6),
(2.22) thifluzamide (130000-40-7), (2.23)
1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-p-
yrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.24)
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-py-
razole-4-carboxamide, (2.25)
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-1-
-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.26)
1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyr-
azole-4-carboxamide, (2.27)
N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carb-
oxamide, (2.28)
N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-
-carboxamide, (2.29)
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyra-
zole-4-carboxamide, (2.30)
N-(2',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole--
4-carboxamide, (2.31)
3-(difluoro-methyl)-1-methyl-N-[4'-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyra-
zole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.32)
5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-N-[4'-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4--
carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.33)
2-chloro-N-[4'-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide
(known from WO 2004/058723), (2.34)
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-meth-
yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.35)
N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H--
pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.36)
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-car-
boxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.37)
N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxami-
de (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.38)
2-chloro-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (known
from WO 2004/058723), (2.39)
2-chloro-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carbox-
amide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.40)
4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-N-[4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-thi-
azole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.41)
5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimeth-
yl-1,4-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.42)
2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3--
carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.43)
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]--
1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723),
(2.44)
5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimeth-
yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.45)
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazo-
le-4-carboxamide, (2.46)
2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3--
carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723) and salts or stereoisomers
thereof, [0029] (B-I.3) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at
complex III, for example (3.1) amisulbrom (348635-87-0), (3.2)
azoxystrobin (131860-33-8), (3.3) cyazofamid (120116-88-3), (3.4)
dimoxystrobin (141600-52-4), (3.5) enestroburin (238410-11-2),
(3.6) famoxadone (131807-57-3), (3.7) fenamidone (161326-34-7),
(3.8) fluoxastrobin (361377-29-9), (3.9) kresoxim-methyl
(143390-89-0), (3.10) metominostrobin (133408-50-1), (3.11)
orysastrobin (189892-69-1), (3.12) picoxystrobin (117428-22-5),
(3.13) pyraclostrobin (175013-18-0), (3.14) pyrametostrobin
(915410-70-7), (3.15) pyraoxystrobin (862588-11-2), (3.16)
pyribencarb (799247-52-2), (3.17) trifloxystrobin (141517-21-7),
(3.18)
5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethy-
lidene}amino)oxy]methyl}-phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one,
(3.19)
(2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]ox-
y}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, (3.20)
2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxam-
ide (119899-14-8), (3.21)
(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-
]ethylidene}amino)-oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethanamide, (3.22)
N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamide
(226551-21-9), (3.23)
(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-
ethoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamide (326896-28-0), (3.24)
(2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ylidene]amino}oxy)-
-methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide (known from WO
02/12172), (3.25)
(2E)-2-{2-([{[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]-oxy}phenyl)ethyli-
dene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide
(326896-28-0), (3.26) methyl
(2E)-2-{2-[({cyclopropyl-[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}thio)methyl]pheny-
l}-3-methoxyacrylate (149601-03-6), (3.27)
N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamide
(226551-21-9), (3.28)
2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide
(173662-97-0) and salts thereof, [0030] (B-I.4) Inhibitors of the
mitosis and cell division, for example (4.1) benomyl (17804-35-2),
(4.2) carbendazim (10605-21-7), (4.3) diethofencarb (87130-20-9),
(4.4) ethaboxam (162650-77-3), (4.5) fuberidazole (3878-19-1),
(4.6) pencycuron (66063-05-6), (4.7) thiabendazole (148-79-8),
(4.8) thiophanate-methyl (23564-05-8), (4.9) zoxamide
(156052-68-5), (4.10)
5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1,2,4]triaz-
olo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (214706-53-3), (4.11) chlorfenazole
(3574-96-7), (4.12) thiophanate (23564-06-9), (4.13)
3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyrid-
azine (1002756-87-7) and salts thereof, [0031] (B-I.5) Compounds
capable to have a multisite action, like for example (5.1) bordeaux
mixture (8011-63-0), (5.2) captafol (2425-06-1), (5.3) captan
(133-06-2), (5.4) chlorothalonil (1897-45-6), (5.5) dichlofluanid
(1085-98-9), (5.6) dithianon (3347-22-6), (5.7) dodine (2439-10-3),
(5.8) ferbam (14484-64-1), (5.9) folpet (133-07-3), (5.10)
guazatine (108173-90-6), (5.11) iminoctadine (13516-27-3), (5.12)
iminoctadine triacetate (57520-17-9), (5.13) iminoctadine
albesilate (169202-06-6), (5.14) copper oxide (1317-39-1), (5.15)
copper oxychloride (1332-40-7), (5.16) copper hydroxide
(20427-59-2), (5.17) copper sulfate (7758-98-7), (5.18) mancopper
(53988-93-5), (5.19) mancozeb (2234562), (5.20) maneb (12427-38-2),
(5.21) metiram (9006-42-2), (5.22) oxine-copper (10380-28-6),
(5.23) propineb (12071-83-9), (5.24) sulphur and sulphur
preparations including calcium polysulphide (7704-34-9), (5.25)
thiram (137-26-8), (5.26) tolylfluanid (731-27-1), (5.27) zineb
(12122-67-7), (5.28) ziram (137-30-4), (5.29) copper naphthenate
(1338-02-9), (5.30) dodine free base, (5.31) fluorofolpet
(719-96-0), (5.32) guazatine acetate, (5.33) metiram zinc
(9006-42-2). (5.34) propamidine (104-32-5), [0032] (B-I.6)
Compounds capable to induce a host defence, like for example (6.1)
acibenzolar-S-methyl (135158-54-2), (6.2) probenazole (27605-76-1),
(6.3) tiadinil (223580-51-6), [0033] (B-I.7) Inhibitors of the
amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example (7.1) andoprim
(23951-85-1), (7.2) blasticidin-S (2079-00-7), (7.3) cyprodinil
(121552-61-2), (7.4) kasugamycin (6980-18-3), (7.5) kasugamycin
hydrochloride hydrate (19408-46-9), (7.6) mepanipyrim
(110235-47-7), (7.7) pyrimethanil (53112-28-0), [0034] (B-I.8)
Inhibitors of the ATP production, for example (8.1) fentin acetate
(900-95-8), (8.2) fentin hydroxide (76-87-9), (8.3) silthiofam
(175217-20-6), (8.4) fentin chloride (639-58-7), [0035] (B-I.9)
Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, for example (9.1)
benthiavalicarb (177406-68-7), (9.2) dimethomorph (110488-70-5),
(9.3) flumorph (211867-47-9), (9.4) iprovalicarb (140923-17-7),
(9.5) mandipropamid (374726-62-2), (9.6) polyoxins (11113-80-7),
(9.7) polyoxorim (22976-86-9), (9.8) prothiocarb (19622-08-3),
(9.9) validamycin A (37248-47-8), (9.10) valifenalate (283159-94-4;
283159-90-0), (9.11)
N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N2-
-(methylsulfonyl)valinamide (220706-93-4), [0036] (B-I.10)
Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis, for example (10.1)
biphenyl (92-52-4), (10.2) chlozolinate (84332-86-5), (10.3)
edifenphos (17109-49-8), (10.4) etridiazole (2593-15-9), (10.5)
iodocarb (55406-53-6), (10.6) iprobenfos (26087-47-8), (10.7)
iprodione (36734-19-7), (10.8) isoprothiolane (50512-35-1), (10.9)
procymidone (32809-16-8), (10.10) propamocarb (25606-41-1), (10.11)
propamocarb hydrochloride (25606-41-1), (10.12) pyrazophos
(13457-18-6), (10.13) tolclofos-methyl (57018-04-9), (10.14)
vinclozolin (50471-44-8), [0037] (B-I.11) Inhibitors of the
melanine biosynthesis, for example (11.1) carpropamid
(104030-54-8), (11.2) diclocymet (139920-32-4), (11.3) fenoxanil
(115852-48-7), (11.4) phthalide (27355-22-2), (11.5) pyroquilon
(57369-32-1), (11.6) tricyclazole (41814-78-2), [0038] (B-I.12)
Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis, for example (12.1)
benalaxyl (71626-11-4), (12.2) benalaxyl-M (98243-83-5), (12.3)
bupirimate (41483-43-6), (12.4) clozylacon (67932-85-8), (12.5)
dimethirimol (5221-53-4), (12.6) ethirimol (23947-60-6), (12.7)
furalaxyl (57646-30-7), (12.8) hymexazol (10004-44-1), (12.9)
metalaxyl (57837-19-1), (12.10) metalaxyl-M (70630-17-0), (12.11)
ofurace (58810-48-3), (12.12) oxadixyl (77732-09-3), (12.13)
oxolinic acid (14698-29-4), [0039] (B-I.13) Inhibitors of the
signal transduction, for example (13.1) fenpiclonil (74738-17-3),
(13.2) fludioxonil (131341-86-1), (13.3) quinoxyfen (124495-18-7),
[0040] (B-I.14) Compounds capable to act as an uncoupler, like for
example (14.1) dinocap (131-72-6), (14.2) fluazinam (79622-59-6),
(14.3) meptyldinocap (131-72-6), (14.4) binapacryl (485-31-4),
[0041] (B-I.15) Further compounds like for example (15.1)
ametoctradin (865318-97-4), (15.2) benthiazole (21564-17-0), (15.3)
bethoxazin (163269-30-5), (15.4) carvone (99-49-0), (15.5)
chinomethionat (2439-01-2), (15.6) cyflufenamid (180409-60-3),
(15.7) cymoxanil (57966-95-7), (15.8) dazomet (533-74-4), (15.9)
debacarb (62732-91-6), (15.10) dichlorophen (97-23-4), (15.11)
diclomezine (62865-36-5), (15.12) dicloran (99-30-9), (15.13)
difenzoquat (43222-48-6), (15.14) diphenylamine (122-39-4), (15.15)
ferimzone (89269-64-7), (15.16) flumetover (154025-04-4), (15.17)
fluopicolide (239110-15-7), (15.18) fluoroimide (41205-21-4),
(15.19) flusulfamide (106917-52-6), (15.20) fosetyl-aluminium
(39148-24-8), (15.21) hexachlorobenzene (118-74-1), (15.22)
isotianil (224049-04-1), (15.23) methasulfocarb (66952-49-6),
(15.24) methyl isothiocyanate (556-61-6), (15.25) metrafenone
(220899-03-6), (15.26) nitrothal-isopropyl (10552-74-6), (15.27)
octhilinone (26530-20-1), (15.28) oxyfenthiin (34407-87-9), (15.29)
propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.30) proquinazid (189278-12-4), (15.31)
pyrrolnitrine (1018-71-9), (15.32) quintozene (82-68-8), (15.33)
tecloftalam (76280-91-6), (15.34) tecnazene (117-18-0), (15.35)
triazoxide (72459-58-6), (15.36) trichlamide (70193-21-4), (15.37)
zarilamid (84527-51-5), (15.38) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1) (salt)
(8-hydroxyquinoline sulfat) (134-31-6), (15.39)
2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine (13108-52-6),
(15.40) 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile (17824-85-0),
(15.41)
3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine,
(15.43) 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, (15.44)
N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxam-
ide, (15.45)
N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxami-
de, (15.46)
N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine-3-carbo-
xamide, (15.47)
N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide,
(15.48)
N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-ylo-
xy)phenyl]propanamide, (15.49) S-prop-2-en-1-yl
5-amino-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-
e-1-carbothioate, (15.50)
2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (221451-58-7),
(15.51) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate, (15.52)
5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.53)
1-[(4-methoxy-phenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl
1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate (111227-17-9), (15.54)
3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine,
(15.55)
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine,
(15.56) tebufloquin (376645-78-2), (15.57) flutianil (304900-25-2),
(15.58)
(5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methy-
lphenyl)methanone (known from EP-A 1 559 320), (15.59) tolnifanide
(304911-98-6), (15.60)
N-{(Z)-[(cyclopropyl-methoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluoropheny-
l]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide (221201-92-9), (15.61)
N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl-
]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, (15.62) phosphorous acid and its salts
(13598-36-2), (15.63) 5-chloro-N
'-phenyl-N'-prop-2-yn-1-ylthiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide (134-31-6),
(15.64)
N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piper-
idin-4-yl)-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbo-
xamide, (15.65)
N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}-pipe-
ridin-4-yl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxami-
de, (15.66) pentyl
{6-[({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methyl-idene]amino}oxy)methyl]p-
yridin-2-yl}carbamate, (15.67) capsimycin (70694-08-5), (15.68)
chloroneb (2675-77-6), (15.69) cufraneb (11096-18-7), (15.70)
cyprosulfamide (221667-31-8), (15.71) difenzoquat methylsulphate
(43222-48-6), (15.72) ecomate, (15.73) fosetyl-calcium, (15.74)
fosetyl-sodium (39148-16-8), (15.75) irumamycin (81604-73-1),
(15.76) mildiomycin (67527-71-3), (15.77) natamycin (7681-93-8),
(15.78) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate (15521-65-0), (15.79)
oxamocarb (917242-12-7), (15.80) pentachlorophenol and salts
(87-86-5), (15.81) phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, (15.82) phenothrin,
(15.83) propanosine-sodium (88498-02-6), (15.84) quinolin-8-ol
(134-31-6), (15.85) 2-phenylphenol and salts (90-43-7), (15.86)
5-methyl-6-octyl-3,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ami-
ne, (15.87)
2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-phenyl-4-
,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)ethanone,
(15.88)
1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-
-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyraz-
ol-1-yl]ethanone and salts thereof, or [0042] (B-II) at least one
further insecticidally active compound, selected from the group
consisting of [0043] (B-II.1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
inhibitors, for example carbamates, e.g. alanycarb, aldicarb,
bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate,
furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl,
pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate,
trimethacarb, XMC, and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, e.g.
acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), cadusafos,
chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos,
chlorpyrifos (-methyl), coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl,
diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate,
dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur,
fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos,
isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate,
isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion,
mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl,
parathion (-methyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet,
phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl), profenofos,
propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos,
sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos,
thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon, and vamidothion, [0044] (B-II.2)
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, for example
organochlorines, e.g. chlordane, endosulfan (alpha-); or fiproles
(phenylpyrazoles), e.g. ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, and
pyriprole, [0045] (B-II.3) Sodium channel
modulators/voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example
pyrethroids, e.g. acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans),
bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl,
bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (beta-), cyhalothrin
(gamma-, lambda-), cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-),
cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomers], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin,
empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomers), esfenvalerate, etofenprox,
fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate
(tau-), halfenprox, imiprothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin,
phenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomer), prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin
(pyrethrum), resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tefluthrin,
tetramethrin [(1R)-isomers)], tralomethrin, transfluthrin and ZXI
8901; or DDT; or methoxychlor, [0046] (B-II.4) Nicotinergic
acetylcholine receptor agonists, for example chloronicotinyls, e.g.
acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram,
thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; or nicotine, [0047] (B-II.5) Allosteric
acetylcholine receptor modulators (agonists), for example
spinosyns, e.g. spinetoram and spinosad, [0048] (B-II.6) Chloride
channel activators, for example_avermectins/milbemycins, e.g.
abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, and milbemectin, [0049]
(B-II.7) Juvenile hormone mimics, e.g. hydroprene, kinoprene,
methoprene; or fenoxycarb; pyriproxyfen, [0050] (B-II.8)
Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, for
example_gassing agents, e.g. methyl bromide and other alkyl
halides; or chloropicrin; sulfuryl fluoride; borax; tartar emetic,
[0051] (B-II.9) Selective homopteran feeding blockers, e.g.
pymetrozine or flonicamid, [0052] (B-II.10) Mite growth inhibitors,
e.g. clofentezine, diflovidazin, hexythiazox, etoxazole, [0053]
(B-II.11) Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, e.g.
Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus,
Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis
subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis,
and BT crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A,
Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34/35Ab1, [0054] (B-II.12) Inhibitors of
mitochondrial ATP synthase, for example diafenthiuron; or organotin
miticides, e.g. azocyclotin, cyhexatin, and fenbutatin oxide; or
propargite; tetradifon, [0055] (B-II.13) Uncouplers of oxidative
phoshorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, for example
chlorfenapyr, and DNOC, [0056] (B-II.14) Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor channel blockers, for example bensultap, cartap
hydrochloride, thiocyclam, and thiosultap-sodium, [0057] (B-II.15)
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, for example
benzoylureas, e.g. bistrifluoron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron,
flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron,
noviflumuron, penfluoron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron, [0058]
(B-II.16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, for example
buprofezin, [0059] (B-II.17) Moulting disruptors, for example
cyromazine, [0060] (B-II.18) Ecdysone receptor agonists/disruptors,
for example diacylhydrazines, e.g. chromafenozide, halofenozide,
methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide, [0061] (B-II.19) Octopamine
receptor agonists, for example amitraz, [0062] (B-II.20)
Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, for
example hydramethylnon; acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim, [0063]
(B-II.21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors,
for example METI acaricides, e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate,
pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad or rotenone
(Derris), [0064] (B-II.22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel
blockers, e.g. indoxacarb; metaflumizone, [0065] (B-II.23)
Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, for example tetronic acid
derivatives, e.g. spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; or tetramic acid
derivatives, e.g. spirotetramat, [0066] (B-II.24) Mitochondrial
complex IV electron inhibitors, for example phosphines, e.g.
aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, and zinc
phosphide or cyanide, [0067] (B-II.25) Mitochondrial complex II
electron transport inhibitors, for example cyenopyrafen, [0068]
(B-II.28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, for example diamides, e.g.
chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr), and
flubendiamide, [0069] (B-II.29) Further active ingredients with
unknown or uncertain mode of action, for example azadirachtin,
amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate, chinomethionat, cryolite,
cyflumetofen, dicofol, flufenerim, pyridalyl, and pyrifluquinazon;
or one of the following known active compounds
4-{[(6-brompyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}-furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{([(2-chlor-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-chlor-5-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115643),
4-{[(5,6-dichlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115646),
4-{[(6-chlor-5-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}-furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115643),
4-{[(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from EP-A-0 539 588),
4-{[(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (known
from EP-A-0 539 588),
[(6-chlorpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulfanylidencyan-
amid (known from WO 2007/149134),
[1-(6-chlorpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulfanylidencya-
namid (known from WO 2007/149134) and its diastereomeres (A) and
(B)
[0069] ##STR00003## [0070] (also known from WO 2007/149134),
[(6-trifluormethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)-oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulfan-
ylidencyanamid (known from WO 2007/095229), or sulfoxaflor (also
known from WO 2007/149134),
11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.-
2]tetradec-11-en-10-one (known from WO 2006/089633),
3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]de-
c-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2008/067911), and
1-{2,4-dimethyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluorome-
thyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (known from WO 1999/55668); fluensulfone
(5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluorobut-3-en-1-yl)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole),
1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluo-
romethyl)-1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine (bekannt aus WO 2006/043635),
[(3S,4aR,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(Cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-6,12-dihydroxy-4,12b-
-dimethyl-11-oxo-9-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-2H,-
11H-benzo[f]pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-4-yl]methylcyclopropancarboxylat
(bekannt aus WO 2006/129714),
2-Cyan-3-(difluormethoxy)-N,N-dimethylbenzolsulfonamid (bekannt aus
WO2006/056433), 2-Cyan-3-(difluormethoxy)-N-methylbenzolsulfonamid
(bekannt aus WO2006/100288),
2-Cyan-3-(difluormethoxy)-N-ethylbenzolsulfonamid (bekannt aus
WO2005/035486),
4-(Difluormethoxy)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3-amin-1,1-dioxid
(bekannt aus WO2007/057407),
N-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-th-
iazol-2-amin (bekannt aus WO2008/104503) furthermore products based
on Bacillus firmus (I-1582, BioNeem, Votivo), or [0071] (B-III) at
least one compound having plant growth regulating activity,
selected from the group consisting of [0072] (B-III.1) antiauxines
for example clofibrin [2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid]
and 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid, [0073] (B-III.2) auxines, e.g.
4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-D
(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-DB
[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid], 2,4-DEP
{tris[2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl]phosphite}, dichlorprop,
fenoprop, IAA (.beta.-indolacetic acid), IBA (4-indol-3-ylbutyric
acid), naphthaleneacetamide, .alpha.-naphthaleneacetic acid,
1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium
naphthenate, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorphenoxy)acetic acid], [0074]
(B-III.3) cytokinines, e.g. 2iP
[N-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1H-purine-6-amine], benzyladenine, kinetin,
zeatin, [0075] (B-III.4) defoliating agents, for instance, calcium
cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, ethephon, merphos, metoxuron,
pentachlorphenol, thidiazuron, tribufos, [0076] (B-III.5) ethylene
inhibitors, e.g. aviglycine, aviglycine-hydrochloride,
1-methylcyclopropen, [0077] (B-III.6) ethylene generators, e.g. ACC
(1-aminocyclopropancarboxylic acid), etacelasil, ethephon,
glyoxime, [0078] (B-III.7) gibberellines, such as gibberellines A1,
A4, A7, gibberellinic acid (=gibberellin A3), [0079] (B-III.8)
further PGRs, such as abscisinic acid, ancymidol, butralin,
carbaryl, chlorphonium or its chloride, chlorpropham, dikegulac,
dikegulac-sodium, flumetralin, fluoridamide, fosamine, glyphosine,
isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic acid hydrazide or its potassium
salt, mepiquat or its chloride, piproctanyl or its bromide,
prohydrojasmon, propham, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid,
2,6-diisopropylnaphthaline, cloprop, 1-naphthylacetic acid
ethylester, isoprothiolane, MCPB-ethyl
[4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid ethylester],
N-acetylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, n-decanol, pelargonic acid,
N-phenylphthaliminic acid, tecnazene, triacontanol,
2,3-dihydro-5,6-diphenyl-1,4-oxathiin,
2-cyano-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acrylic acid, 2-hydrazinoethanol,
alorac, amidochlor, BTS 44584
[dimethyl(4-piperidinocarbonyloxy-2,5-xylyl)sulfonium-toluen-4-sulfonat],
chloramben, chlorfluren, chlorfluren-methyl, dicamba-methyl,
dichlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol-methyl, dimexano, etacelasil,
hexafluoraceton-trihydrat,
N-(2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N'-phenylurea, N-m-tolylphthalaminic
acid, N-Pyrrolidinosuccinaminic acid, 3-tert-Butylphenoxyacetic
acid propylester, pydanon, sodium (Z)-3-chloracrylate, [0080]
(B-III.9) morphactines, such as chlorfluren, chlorflurenol,
chlorflurenol-methyl, dichlorflurenol, flurenol, [0081] (B-III.10)
plant growth retarder/modifier, such as chlormequat,
chlormequat-chlorid, daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide,
mefluidide-diolamin, paclobutrazol, cyproconazole, tetcyclacis,
uniconazole, uniconazole-P, [0082] (B-III.11) plant growth
stimulators, such as brassinolides, forchlorfenuron, hymexazol,
2-amino-6-oxypurine derivatives, indolinon derivatives,
3,4-disubstituted maleimide derivatives and azepinon derivatives,
[0083] (B-III.12) non-classified PGRs, such as benzofluor,
buminafos, carvone, ciobutide, clofencet, clofence-potassium,
cloxyfonac, cloxyfonac-Natrium, cyclanilide, cycloheximide,
epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fenridazon, heptopargil,
holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, leadarsenate, methasulfocarb,
prohexadione, prohexadione-Calcium, pydanon, sintofen,
triapenthenol, trinexapac and trinexapac-ethyl.
[0084] Preference is given to combinations comprising compounds of
the formula (I), wherein the amidine derivatives are represented by
the following formula (Ia):
##STR00004##
[0085] Preference is further given to combinations comprising a
compound (B-I) selected from the list consisting of Cyproconazole,
Epoxiconazole, Flusilazole, Fluquinconazole Ipconazole,
Propiconazole, Prothioconazole, Metconazole, Tebuconazole,
Triadimenol, Azoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl,
Picoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Boscalid,
Chlorothalonil, Cyprodinil, Fludioxonil, Fluopyram,
Thiophanat-methyl, Penflufen, Isopyrazam, Sedaxane, Myclobutonil,
Prochloraz, Spiroxamine,
N-(3',4'-dichloro-5-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-meth-
yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, Ametoctradin,
5-Chlor-6-(2,4,6-trifluorphenyl)-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)[1,2,4]triazol-
o[1,5-a]pyrimidin,
1-methyl-N-{2-[1'-methyl-1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(trifluorome-
thyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
1-methyl-N-{2-[1'-methyl-1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(difluoro-me-
thyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
N-{2-[1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-1H-py-
razole-4-carboxamide.
[0086] Preference is further given to combinations comprising an
insecticidally active compound (B-II) selected from the list
consisting of Acephate, Acequinocyl, Acrinathrin, Aldicarb,
Amitraz, Anthraquinone, Azinphos-Methyl, Azocyclotin, Bendiocarb,
Benfuracarb, Bifenthrin, Buprofezin, Carbaryl, Carbofuran,
Carbosulfan, Cartap, Chlorfluazuron, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-M,
Clofentezine, Clothianidin, Cyfluthrin, Cyhexatin, Cypermethrin,
Cyromazine, Deltamethrin, Diazinon, Dichloropropene, Dichlorvos,
Dimethoate, Disulfoton, Ethion, Ethiprole, Ethoprophos, Etofenprox,
Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenobucarb, Fenpyroximate, Fenthion,
Fipronil, Flubendiamide, Formetanate, Heptenophos, Hexythiazox,
Imidacloprid, Metaldehyde, Methamidophos, Methiocarb, Methomyl,
Methoxyfenozide, Milbemectin, M-Isothiocyanate, Permethrin,
Phenthoate, Phosalone, Phoxim, Polyeder-Nuclear-Vir, Profenofos,
Propargite, Prothiofos, Pyrethroids, Pyriproxifen, Quinalphos,
Quinomethionate, Resmethrin, Silafluofen,
Sodium-Tetrathiocarbonate, Spinosad, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen,
Spirotetramat, Tebupirimphos, Tefluthrin, Thiacloprid,
Thiamethoxam, Thiodicarb, Triazophos, Trichlorfon, Triflumuron.
[0087] Preference is further given to combinations comprising a
compound (B-III) selected from the list consisting of chlormequat,
chlormequat-chloride, cyclanilide, dimethipin, ethephon,
flumetralin, flurprimidol, inabenfide, mepiquat, mepiquat-chlorid,
1-methylcyclopropen, paclobutrazol, prohexadione-calcium,
prohydrojasmon, tribufos, thidiazuron, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl
and uniconazol.
[0088] Particular preference is given to combinations comprising an
active compound (B-I) selected from the list consisting of
Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole, Metconazole, Epoxiconazole,
Fluquinconazole, Prochloraz, Carbendazim, Thiophanat-methyl,
Myclobutanil, Dimoxystrobin, Fluopyram, Fludioxonil.
[0089] Particular preference is given to combinations comprising an
active compound (B-III) selected from the list consisting of
trinexapac-ethyl, chlormequat-chloride and paclobutrazole.
[0090] For most of the compounds of group (B-I) to (B-III) it is
referred to The Pesticide Manual, 15.sup.th edition, 2009. The
compounds (B) are listed by common names followed by the
corresponding CAS-numbers in parenthesis. If no common name was
available at the priority date of the application compounds (B) are
listed by IUPAC-names followed by the corresponding CAS-numbers in
parenthesis.
[0091] Particularly preferred combinations and or compositions
comprise the amidine of formula (Ia) and at least one compound of
group (B-I), which is selected from the group consisting of (1.1)
aldimorph (1704-28-5), (1.2) azaconazole (60207-31-0), (1.3)
bitertanol (55179-31-2), (1.4) bromuconazole (116255-48-2), (1.5)
cyproconazole (113096-99-4), (1.6) diclobutrazole (75736-33-3),
(1.7) difenoconazole (119446-68-3), (1.8) diniconazole
(83657-24-3), (1.9) diniconazole-M (83657-18-5), (1.10) dodemorph
(1593-77-7), (1.11) dodemorph acetate (31717-87-0), (1.12)
epoxiconazole (106325-08-0), (1.13) etaconazole (60207-93-4),
(1.14) fenarimol (60168-88-9), (1.15) fenbuconazole (114369-43-6),
(1.16) fenhexamid (126833-17-8), (1.17) fenpropidin (67306-00-7),
(1.18) fenpropimorph (67306-03-0), (1.19) fluquinconazole
(136426-54-5), (1.20) flurprimidol (56425-91-3), (1.21) flusilazole
(85509-19-9), (1.22) flutriafol (76674-21-0), (1.23) furconazole
(112839-33-5), (1.24) furconazole-cis (112839-32-4), (1.25)
hexaconazole (79983-71-4), (1.26) imazalil (60534-80-7), (1.27)
imazalil sulfate (58594-72-2), (1.28) imibenconazole (86598-92-7),
(1.29) ipconazole (125225-28-7), (1.30) metconazole (125116-23-6),
(1.31) myclobutanil (88671-89-0), (1.32) naftifine (65472-88-0),
(1.33) nuarimol (63284-71-9), (1.34) oxpoconazole (174212-12-5),
(1.35) paclobutrazol (76738-62-0), (1.36) pefurazoate
(101903-30-4), (1.37) penconazole (66246-88-6), (1.38) piperalin
(3478-94-2), (1.39) prochloraz (67747-09-5), (1.40) propiconazole
(60207-90-1), (1.41) prothioconazole (178928-70-6), (1.42)
pyributicarb (88678-67-5), (1.43) pyrifenox (88283-41-4), (1.44)
quinconazole (103970-75-8), (1.45) simeconazole (149508-90-7),
(1.46) spiroxamine (118134-30-8), (1.47) tebuconazole
(107534-96-3), (1.48) terbinafine (91161-71-6), (1.49)
tetraconazole (112281-77-3), (1.50) triadimefon (43121-43-3),
(1.51) triadimenol (89482-17-7), (1.52) tridemorph (81412-43-3),
(1.53) triflumizole (68694-11-1), (1.54) triforine (26644-46-2),
(1.55) triticonazole (131983-72-7), (1.56) uniconazole
(83657-22-1), (1.57) viniconazole (77174-66-4), (1.58)
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol
(129586-32-9), (1.59) methyl
1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate
(111323-95-0), (1.60)
O-{1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}1H-imidazole-1-carboth-
ioate (111226-71-2), (1.61)
N'-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-propoxy]phenyl}-N-e-
thyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.62)
N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)pr-
opoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide, (1.63) voriconazole (137234-62-9);
(2.1) diflumetorim (130339-07-0), (2.2) bixafen (581809-46-03),
(2.3) boscalid (188425-85-6), (2.4) carboxin (5234-68-4), (2.5)
fenfuram (24691-80-3), (2.6) fluopyram (658066-35-4), (2.7)
flutolanil (66332-96-5), (2.8) furametpyr (123572-88-3), (2.9)
furmecyclox (60568-05-0), (2.10) isopyrazam (mixture of
syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate
1RS,4SR,9SR) (88165-58-1), (2.11) isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate
1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.12) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R),
(2.13) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), (2.14)
isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.15) isopyrazam
(anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.16) isopyrazam
(anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.17) mepronil (55814-41-0),
(2.18) oxycarboxin (5259-88-1), (2.19) penflufen (494793-67-8),
(2.20) penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), (2.21) sedaxane (874967-67-6),
(2.22) thifluzamide (130000-40-7), (2.23)
1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-p-
yrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.24)
3-(difluoro-methyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-p-
yrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.25)
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-1-
-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.26)
1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyr-
azole-4-carboxamide, (2.27)
N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carb-
oxamide, (2.28)
N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-
-carboxamide, (2.29)
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyra-
zole-4-carboxamide, (2.30)
N-(2',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole--
4-carboxamide, (2.31)
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[4'-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyraz-
ole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.32)
5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-N-[4'-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4--
carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.33)
2-chloro-N-[4'-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide
(known from WO 2004/058723), (2.34)
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-meth-
yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.35)
N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H--
pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.36)
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-car-
boxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.37)
N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxami-
de (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.38)
2-chloro-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (known
from WO 2004/058723), (2.39)
2-chloro-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carbox-
amide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.40)
4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-N-[4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-thi-
azole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.41)
5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimeth-
yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.42)
2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3--
carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.43)
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]--
1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723),
(2.44)
5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimeth-
yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (2.45)
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazo-
le-4-carboxamide, (2.46)
2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3--
carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (3.1) amisulbrom
(348635-87-0), (3.2) azoxystrobin (131860-33-8), (3.3) cyazofamid
(120116-88-3), (3.4) dimoxystrobin (141600-52-4), (3.5)
enestroburin (238410-11-2), (3.6) famoxadone (131807-57-3), (3.7)
fenamidone (161326-34-7), (3.8) fluoxastrobin (361377-29-9), (3.9)
kresoxim-methyl (143390-89-0), (3.10) metominostrobin
(133408-50-1), (3.11) orysastrobin (189892-69-1), (3.12)
picoxystrobin (117428-22-5), (3.13) pyraclostrobin (175013-18-0),
(3.14) pyrametostrobin (915410-70-7), (3.15) pyraoxystrobin
(862588-11-2), (3.16) pyribencarb (799247-52-2), (3.17)
trifloxystrobin (141517-21-7), (3.18)
5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethy-
lidene}amino)oxy]-methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one,
(3.19)
(2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]ox-
y}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, (3.20)
2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxam-
ide (119899-14-8), (3.21)
(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-pheny-
l]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethanamide, (3.22)
N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamide
(226551-21-9), (3.23)
(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e-
thoxy}imino)methyl]-phenyl}ethanamide (326896-28-0), (3.24)
(2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ylidene]amino}oxy)-
methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide (known from WO
02/12172), (3.25)
(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylid-
ene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide
(326896-28-0), (3.26) methyl
(2E)-2-{2-[({cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}thio)methyl]phenyl-
}-3-methoxyacrylate (149601-03-6), (3.27)
N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamide
(226551-21-9), (3.28)
2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide
(173662-97-0), (4.1) benomyl (17804-35-2), (4.2) carbendazim
(10605-21-7), (4.3) diethofencarb (87130-20-9), (4.4) ethaboxam
(162650-77-3), (4.5) fuberidazole (3878-19-1), (4.6) pencycuron
(66063-05-6), (4.7) thiabendazole (148-79-8), (4.8)
thiophanate-methyl (23564-05-8), (4.9) zoxamide (156052-68-5),
(4.10)
5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1,2,4]triaz-
olo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (214706-53-3), (4.11) chlorfenazole
(3574-96-7), (4.12) thiophanate (23564-06-9); (4.13)
3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyrid-
azine (1002756-87-7), (5.1) bordeaux mixture (8011-63-0), (5.2)
captafol (2425-06-1), (5.3) captan (133-06-2), (5.4) chlorothalonil
(1897-45-6), (5.5) dichlofluanid (1085-98-9), (5.6) dithianon
(3347-22-6), (5.7) dodine (2439-10-3), (5.8) ferbam (14484-64-1),
(5.9) folpet (133-07-3), (5.10) guazatine (108173-90-6), (5.11)
iminoctadine (13516-27-3), (5.12) iminoctadine triacetate
(57520-17-9), (5.13) iminoctadine albesilate (169202-06-6), (5.14)
copper oxide (1317-39-1), (5.15) copper oxychloride (1332-40-7),
(5.16) copper hydroxide (20427-59-2), (5.17) copper sulfate
(7758-98-7), (5.18) mancopper (53988-93-5), (5.19) mancozeb
(2234562), (5.20) maneb (12427-38-2), (5.21) metiram (9006-42-2),
(5.22) oxine-copper (10380-28-6), (5.23) propineb (12071-83-9),
(5.24) sulphur and sulphur preparations including calcium
polysulphide (7704-34-9), (5.25) thiram (137-26-8), (5.26)
tolylfluanid (731-27-1), (5.27) zineb (12122-67-7), (5.28) ziram
(137-30-4), (5.29) copper naphthenate (1338-02-9), (5.30) dodine
free base, (5.31) fluorofolpet (719-96-0), (5.32) guazatine
acetate, (5.33) metiram zinc (9006-42-2). (5.34) propamidine
(104-32-5); (6.1) acibenzolar-S-methyl (135158-54-2), (6.2)
probenazole (27605-76-1), (6.3) tiadinil (223580-51-6); (7.1)
andoprim (23951-85-1), (7.2) blasticidin-S (2079-00-7), (7.3)
cyprodinil (121552-61-2), (7.4) kasugamycin (6980-18-3), (7.5)
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (19408-46-9), (7.6) mepanipyrim
(110235-47-7), (7.7) pyrimethanil (53112-28-0); (8.1) fentin
acetate (900-95-8), (8.2) fentin hydroxide (76-87-9), (8.3)
silthiofam (175217-20-6), (8.4) fentin chloride (639-58-7); (9.1)
benthiavalicarb (177406-68-7), (9.2) dimethomorph (110488-70-5),
(9.3) flumorph (211867-47-9), (9.4) iprovalicarb (140923-17-7),
(9.5) mandipropamid (374726-62-2), (9.6) polyoxins (11113-80-7),
(9.7) polyoxorim (22976-86-9), (9.8) prothiocarb (19622-08-3),
(9.9) validamycin A (37248-47-8), (9.10) valifenalate (283159-94-4;
283159-90-0), (9.11)
N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N2-
-(methylsulfonyl)valinamide (220706-93-4); (10.1) biphenyl
(92-52-4), (10.2) chlozolinate (84332-86-5), (10.3) edifenphos
(17109-49-8), (10.4) etridiazole (2593-15-9), (10.5) iodocarb
(55406-53-6), (10.6) iprobenfos (26087-47-8), (10.7) iprodione
(36734-19-7), (10.8) isoprothiolane (50512-35-1), (10.9)
procymidone (32809-16-8), (10.10) propamocarb (25606-41-1), (10.11)
propamocarb hydrochloride (25606-41-1), (10.12) pyrazophos
(13457-18-6), (10.13) tolclofos-methyl (57018-04-9), (10.14)
vinclozolin (50471-44-8); (11.1) carpropamid (104030-54-8), (11.2)
diclocymet (139920-32-4), (11.3) fenoxanil (115852-48-7), (11.4)
phthalide (27355-22-2), (11.5) pyroquilon (57369-32-1), (11.6)
tricyclazole (41814-78-2); (12.1) benalaxyl (71626-11-4), (12.2)
benalaxyl-M (98243-83-5), (12.3) bupirimate (41483-43-6), (12.4)
clozylacon (67932-85-8), (12.5) dimethirimol (5221-53-4), (12.6)
ethirimol (23947-60-6), (12.7) furalaxyl (57646-30-7), (12.8)
hymexazol (10004-44-1), (12.9) metalaxyl (57837-19-1), (12.10)
metalaxyl-M (70630-17-0), (12.11) ofurace (58810-48-3), (12.12)
oxadixyl (77732-09-3), (12.13) oxolinic acid (14698-29-4); (13.1)
fenpiclonil (74738-17-3), (13.2) fludioxonil (131341-86-1), (13.3)
quinoxyfen (124495-18-7); (14.1) dinocap (131-72-6), (14.2)
fluazinam (79622-59-6), (14.3) meptyldinocap (131-72-6), (14.4)
binapacryl (485-31-4); (15) Further compounds like for example
(15.1) ametoctradin (865318-97-4), (15.2) benthiazole (21564-17-0),
(15.3) bethoxazin (163269-30-5), (15.4) carvone (99-49-0), (15.5)
chinomethionat (2439-01-2), (15.6) cyflufenamid (180409-60-3),
(15.7) cymoxanil (57966-95-7), (15.8) dazomet (533-74-4), (15.9)
debacarb (62732-91-6), (15.10) dichlorophen (97-23-4), (15.11)
diclomezine (62865-36-5), (15.12) dicloran (99-30-9), (15.13)
difenzoquat (43222-48-6), (15.14) diphenylamine (122-39-4), (15.15)
ferimzone (89269-64-7), (15.16) flumetover (154025-04-4), (15.17)
fluopicolide (239110-15-7), (15.18) fluoroimide (41205-21-4),
(15.19) flusulfamide (106917-52-6), (15.20) fosetyl-aluminium
(39148-24-8), (15.21) hexachlorobenzene (118-74-1), (15.22)
isotianil (224049-04-1), (15.23) methasulfocarb (66952-49-6),
(15.24) methyl isothiocyanate (556-61-6), (15.25) metrafenone
(220899-03-6), (15.26) nitrothal-isopropyl (10552-74-6), (15.27)
octhilinone (26530-20-1), (15.28) oxyfenthiin (34407-87-9), (15.29)
propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.30) proquinazid (189278-12-4), (15.31)
pyrrolnitrine (1018-71-9), (15.32) quintozene (82-68-8), (1533)
tecloftalam (76280-91-6), (15.34) tecnazene (117-18-0), (15.35)
triazoxide (72459-58-6), (15.36) trichlamide (70193-21-4), (15.37)
zarilamid (84527-51-5), (15.38) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1) (salt)
(8-hydroxyquinoline sulfat) (134-31-6), (15.39)
2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine (13108-52-6),
(15.40) 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile (17824-85-0),
(15.41)
3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine,
(15.43) 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, (15.44)
N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxam-
ide, (15.45)
N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxami-
de, (15.46)
N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine-3-carbo-
xamide, (15.47)
N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide,
(15.48)
N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-ylo-
xy)phenyl]propanamide, (15.49) S-prop-2-en-1-yl
5-amino-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-
e-1-carbothioate, (15.50)
2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (221451-58-7),
(15.51) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate, (15.52)
5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.53)
1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl
1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate (111227-17-9), (15.54)
3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine,
(15.55)
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine,
(15.56) tebufloquin (376645-78-2), (15.57) flutianil (304900-25-2),
(15.58)
(5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methy-
lphenyl)methanone (known from EP-A 1 559 320), (15.59) tolnifanide
(304911-98-6), (15.60)
N-{(Z)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl-
]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide (221201-92-9), (15.61)
N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl-
]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, (15.62) phosphorous acid and its salts
(13598-36-2), (15.63)
5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-prop-2-yn-1-ylthiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide
(134-31-6), (15.64)
N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piper-
idin-4-yl)-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbo-
xamide, (15.65)
N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piper-
idin-4-yl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamid-
e, (15.66) pentyl
{6-[({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylidene]amino}-oxy)methyl]p-
yridin-2-yl}carbamate, (15.67) capsimycin (70694-08-5), (15.68)
chloroneb (2675-77-6), (15.69) cufraneb (11096-18-7), (15.70)
cyprosulfamide (221667-31-8), (15.71) difenzoquat methylsulphate
(43222-48-6), (15.72) ecomate, (15.73) fosetyl-calcium, (15.74)
fosetyl-sodium (39148-16-8), (15.75) irumamycin (81604-73-1),
(15.76) mildiomycin (67527-71-3), (15.77) natamycin (7681-93-8),
(15.78) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate (15521-65-0), (15.79)
oxamocarb (917242-12-7), (15.80) pentachlorophenol and salts
(87-86-5), (15.81) phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, (15.82) phenothrin,
(15.83) propanosine-sodium (88498-02-6), (15.84) quinolin-8-ol
(134-31-6), (15.85) 2-phenylphenol and salts (90-43-7), (15.86)
5-methyl-6-octyl-3,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ami-
ne, (15.87)
2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-phenyl-4-
,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)ethanone,
(15.88)
1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-
-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyraz-
ol-1-yl]-ethanone and salts thereof.
[0092] Particularly preferred combinations and or compositions
comprise the amidine of formula (Ia) and at least one
insecticidally active compound of group (B-II), which is selected
from the group consisting of alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb,
benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran,
carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb,
isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb,
propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, and
xylylcarb; acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl),
cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfenvinphos,
chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl), coumaphos, cyanophos,
demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos,
dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos,
famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate,
heptenophos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)
salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos,
methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate,
oxydemeton-methyl, parathion (-methyl), phenthoate, phorate,
phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl),
profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion,
quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos,
tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon, and
vamidothion, chlordane, endosulfan (alpha-); or fiproles
(phenylpyrazoles), e.g. ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, and
pyriprole, acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans),
bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl,
bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (beta-), cyhalothrin
(gamma-, lambda-), cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-),
cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomers], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin,
empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomers), esfenvalerate, etofenprox,
fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate
(tau-), halfenprox, imiprothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin,
phenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomer), prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin
(pyrethrum), resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tefluthrin,
tetramethrin [(1R)-isomers)], tralomethrin, transfluthrin and ZXI
8901; or DDT; or methoxychlor, chloronicotinyls, e.g. acetamiprid,
clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid,
thiamethoxam; or nicotine, spinetoram and spinosad, abamectin,
emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, and milbemectin, hydroprene,
kinoprene, methoprene; or fenoxycarb; pyriproxyfen, methyl bromide
and other alkyl halides, chloropicrin; sulfuryl fluoride; borax;
tartar emetic, pymetrozine or flonicamid, clofentezine,
diflovidazin, hexythiazox, etoxazole, Bacillus thuringiensis
subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis
subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki,
Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT crop
proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb,
Cry34/35Ab1, diafenthiuron; azocyclotin, cyhexatin, and fenbutatin
oxide; propargite; tetradifon, chlorfenapyr, DNOC, bensultap,
cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, and thiosultap-sodium,
bistrifluoron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron,
flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron,
penfluoron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron, buprofezin, cyromazine,
chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide,
amitraz, hydramethylnon; acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim, fenazaquin,
fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad or
rotenone, indoxacarb; metaflumizone, spirodiclofen and
spiromesifen, spirotetramat, aluminium phosphide, calcium
phosphide, phosphine, and zinc phosphide or cyanide, cyenopyrafen,
chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr), and
flubendiamide, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate,
chinomethionat, cryolite, cyflumetofen, dicofol, flufenerim,
pyridalyl, and pyrifluquinazon,
4-{[(6-brompyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(2-chlor-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-chlor-5-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115643),
4-{[(5,6-dichlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115646),
4-{[(6-chlor-5-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from WO 2007/115643),
4-{[(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(known from EP-A-0 539 588),
4-{[(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (known
from EP-A-0 539 588),
[(6-chlorpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulfanylidencyan-
amid (known from WO 2007/149134),
[1-(6-chlorpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulfanylidencya-
namid (known from WO 2007/149134) and its diastereomeres (A) and
(B);
[(6-trifluormethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulfany-
lidencyanamid (known from WO 2007/095229), or sulfoxaflor (also
known from WO 2007/149134),
11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.-
2]tetradec-11-en-10-one (known from WO 2006/089633),
3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]de-
c-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2008/067911), and
1-{2,4-dimethyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromet-
hyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (known from WO 1999/55668), fluensulfone
(5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluorobut-3-en-1-yl)sulfonyl]-1,3-thiazole),
1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluo-
romethyl)-1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amine (bekannt aus WO 2006/043635),
[(3S,4aR,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(Cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-6,12-dihydroxy-4,12b-
-dimethyl-11-oxo-9-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,
12b-decahydro-2H,11H-benzo[f]pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-4-yl]methylcyclopropanc-
arboxylat (bekannt aus WO 2006/129714),
2-Cyan-3-(difluormethoxy)-N,N-dimethylbenzolsulfonamid (bekannt aus
WO2006/056433), 2-Cyan-3-(difluormethoxy)-N-methylbenzolsulfonamid
(bekannt aus WO2006/100288),
2-Cyan-3-(difluormethoxy)-N-ethylbenzolsulfonamid (bekannt aus
WO2005/035486),
4-(Difluormethoxy)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3-amin-1,1-dioxid
(bekannt aus WO2007/057407),
N-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-th-
iazol-2-amin (bekannt aus WO2008/104503) furthermore products based
on Bacillus firmus (I-1582, BioNeem, Votivo).
[0093] Particularly preferred combinations and or compositions
comprise the amidine of formula (Ia) and at least one plant growth
regulating compound of group (B-III), which is selected from the
group consisting of clofibrin
[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid], 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic
acid, 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-D
(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-DB
[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid], 2,4-DEP
{tris[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)ethyl]phosphit}, dichlorprop,
fenoprop, IAA (.beta.-indolacetic acid), IBA (4-indol-3-ylbutyric
acid), naphthaleneacetamide, .alpha.-naphthaleneacetic acid,
1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium
naphthenate, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorphenoxy)acetic acid], 2iP
[N-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1H-purine-6-amine], benzyladenine, kinetin,
zeatin, calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, ethephon, merphos,
metoxuron, pentachlorphenol, thidiazuron, tribufos, aviglycine,
aviglycine-hydrochloride, 1-methylcyclopropen, ACC
(1-aminocyclopropancarboxylic acid), etacelasil, ethephon,
glyoxime, gibberellines A1, A4, A7, gibberellinic acid
(=gibberellin A3), abscisinic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl,
chlorphonium or its chloride, chlorpropham, dikegulac,
dikegulac-sodium, flumetralin, fluoridamide, fosamine, glyphosine,
isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic acid hydrazide or its potassium
salt, mepiquat or its chloride, piproctanyl or its bromide,
prohydrojasmon, propham, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid,
2,6-diisopropylnaphthaline, cloprop, 1-naphthylacetic acid
ethylester, isoprothiolane, MCPB-ethyl
[4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid ethylester],
N-acetylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, n-decanol, pelargonic acid,
N-phenylphthaliminic acid, tecnazene, triacontanol,
2,3-dihydro-5,6-diphenyl-1,4-oxathiin,
2-cyano-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acrylic acid, 2-hydrazinoethanol,
alorac, amidochlor, BTS 44584
[dimethyl(4-piperidinocarbonyloxy-2,5-xylyl)sulfonium-toluen-4-sulfonat],
chloramben, chlorfluren, chlorfluren-methyl, dicamba-methyl,
dichlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol-methyl, dimexano, etacelasil,
hexafluoraceton-trihydrat,
N-(2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N'-phenylurea, N-m-tolylphthalaminic
acid, N-Pyrrolidinosuccinaminic acid, 3-tert-Butylphenoxyacetic
acid propylester, pydanon, sodium (Z)-3-chloracrylate, chlorfluren,
chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, dichlorflurenol, flurenol,
chlormequat, chlormequat-chlorid, daminozide, flurprimidol,
mefluidide, mefluidide-diolamin, paclobutrazol, cyproconazole,
tetcyclacis, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, brassinolides,
forchlorfenuron, hymexazol, 2-amino-6-oxypurine derivatives,
indolinon derivatives, 3,4-disubstituted maleimide derivatives and
azepinon derivatives, benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, ciobutide,
clofencet, clofence-potassium, cloxyfonac, cloxyfonac-Natrium,
cyclanilide, cycloheximide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene,
fenridazon, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan,
leadarsenate, methasulfocarb, prohexadione, prohexadione-Calcium,
pydanon, sintofen, triapenthenol, trinexapac and
trinexapac-ethyl.
[0094] In conjunction with the present invention compounds (A) and
(B-I) to (B-III) are different from each other.
[0095] In the combinations according to the invention the compounds
A and B are present in a synergistically effective weight ratio of
A:B in a range of 100:1 to 1:100, preferably in a weight ratio of
50:1 to 1:50, most preferably in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1:20.
Further ratios of A:B which can be used according to the present
invention with increasing preference in the order given are: 1000:1
to 1:1000, 750:1 to 1:750, 500:1 to 1:500, 400:1 to 1:400, 300:1 to
1:300, 250:1 to 1:250, 200:1 to 1:250, 175:1 to 1:175, 150:1 to
1:150, 125:1 to 1:125, 95:1 to 1:95, 90:1 to 1:90, 85:1 to 1:85,
80:1 to 1:80, 75:1 to 1:75, 70:1 to 1:70, 65:1 to 1:65, 60:1 to
1:60, 55:1 to 1:55, 45:1 to 1:45, 40:1 to 1:40, 35:1 to 1:35, 30:1
to 1:30, 25:1 to 1:25, 15:1 to 1:15, 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1
to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2.
[0096] Where a compound (A) or a compound (B) can be present in
tautomeric form, such a compound is understood hereinabove and
hereinbelow also to include, where applicable, corresponding
tautomeric forms, even when these are not specifically mentioned in
each case.
[0097] Compounds (A) or compounds (B) having at least one basic
centre are capable of forming, for example, acid addition salts,
e.g. with strong inorganic acids, such as mineral acids, e.g.
perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, a
phosphoric acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic
carboxylic acids, such as unsubstituted substituted, e.g.
halo-substituted, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkanecarboxylic acids, e.g.
acetic acid, saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, e.g.
oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric and phthalic acid,
hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. ascorbic, lactic, malic, tartaric and
citric acid, or benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such
as unsubstituted or substituted, e.g. halo-substituted,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkane- or aryl-sulfonic acids, e.g. methane- or
p-toluene-sulfonic acid. Compounds (A) or compounds (B) having at
least one acid group are capable of forming, for example, salts
with bases, e.g. metal salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline
earth metal salts, e.g. sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or
salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine,
piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower alkylamine, e.g.
ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethyl-propyl-amine, or a mono-,
di- or tri-hydroxy-lower alkylamine, e.g. mono-, di- or
tri-ethanolamine. In addition, corresponding internal salts may
optionally be formed. In the context of the invention, preference
is given to agrochemically advantageous salts. In view of the close
relationship between the compounds (A) or the compounds (B) in free
form and in the form of their salts, hereinabove and herein below
any reference to the free compounds (A) or free compounds (B) or to
their salts should be understood as including also the
corresponding salts or the free compounds (A) or free compounds
(B), respectively, where appropriate and expedient. The equivalent
also applies to tautomers of compounds (A) or compounds (B) and to
their salts or stereoisomers.
[0098] According to the invention the expression "combination"
stands for the various combinations of compounds (A) and (B), for
example in a single "ready-mix" form, in a combined spray mixture
composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds,
such as a "tank-mix", and in a combined use of the single active
ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the
other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
Preferably the order of applying the compounds (A) and (B) is not
essential for working the present invention.
[0099] In a further aspect there is provided a composition
comprising a combination according to this invention. A composition
comprises at least one compound (A) according to formula (I) and
one compound (B) as defined above. Preferably the fungicidal
composition comprises an agriculturally acceptable support, carrier
or filler.
[0100] According to the invention, the term "support" denotes a
natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic compound with which the
active compound of formula (I) is combined or associated to make it
easier to apply, notably to the parts of the plant. This support is
thus generally inert and should be agriculturally acceptable. The
support may be a solid or a liquid. Examples of suitable supports
include clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins,
waxes, solid fertilisers, water, alcohols, in particular butanol,
organic solvents, mineral and plant oils and derivatives thereof.
Mixtures of such supports may also be used.
[0101] The composition according to the invention may also comprise
additional components. In particular, the composition may further
comprise a surfactant. The surfactant can be an emulsifier, a
dispersing agent or a wetting agent of ionic or non-ionic type or a
mixture of such surfactants. Mention may be made, for example, of
polyacrylic acid salts, lignosulphonic acid salts, phenolsulphonic
or naphthalenesulphonic acid salts, polycondensates of ethylene
oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines,
substituted phenols (in particular alkylphenols or arylphenols),
salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters, taurine derivatives (in
particular alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyoxyethylated
alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, and derivatives
of the present compounds containing sulphate, sulphonate and
phosphate functions. The presence of at least one surfactant is
generally essential when the active compound and/or the inert
support are water-insoluble and when the vector agent for the
application is water. Preferably, surfactant content may be
comprised from 5% to 40% by weight of the composition.
[0102] Colouring agents such as inorganic pigments, for example
iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyanblue, and organic pigments
such as alizarin, azo and metallophthalocyanine dyes, and trace
elements such as iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum
and zinc salts can be used.
[0103] Optionally, other additional components may also be
included, e.g. protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners,
thixotropic agents, penetration agents, stabilisers, sequestering
agents. More generally, the active compounds can be combined with
any solid or liquid additive, which complies with the usual
formulation techniques.
[0104] In general, the composition according to the invention may
contain from 0.05 to 99% by weight of active compounds, preferably
from 10 to 70% by weight.
[0105] The combination or composition according to the invention
can be used as such, in form of their formulations or as the use
forms prepared therefrom, such as aerosol dispenser, capsule
suspension, cold fogging concentrate, dustable powder, emulsifiable
concentrate, emulsion oil in water, emulsion water in oil,
encapsulated granule, fine granule, flowable concentrate for seed
treatment, gas (under pressure), gas generating product, granule,
hot fogging concentrate, macrogranule, microgranule, oil
dispersible powder, oil miscible flowable concentrate, oil miscible
liquid, paste, plant rodlet, powder for dry seed treatment, seed
coated with a pesticide, soluble concentrate, soluble powder,
solution for seed treatment, suspension concentrate (flowable
concentrate), ultra low volume (ULV) liquid, ultra low volume (ULV)
suspension, water dispersible granules or tablets, water
dispersible powder for slurry treatment, water soluble granules or
tablets, water soluble powder for seed treatment and wettable
powder.
[0106] The treatment of plants and plant parts with the active
compound combination or composition according to the invention is
carried out directly or by action on their environment, habitat or
storage area by means of the normal treatment methods, for example
by watering (drenching), drip irrigation, spraying, atomizing,
broadcasting, dusting, foaming, spreading-on, and as a powder for
dry seed treatment, a solution for seed treatment, a water-soluble
powder for seed treatment, a water-soluble powder for slurry
treatment, or by encrusting.
[0107] These active compound combinations or compositions include
not only compositions which are ready to be applied to the plant or
seed to be treated by means of a suitable device, such as a
spraying or dusting device, but also concentrated commercial
compositions which must be diluted before application to the
crop.
[0108] The active compounds within the composition according to the
invention have potent fungicidal activity and can be employed for
controlling undesired fungi in crop protection or in the protection
of materials.
[0109] Within the active compound combinations or compositions
according to the invention, fungicide compounds can be employed in
crop protection for example for controlling fungi being
Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes,
Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
[0110] The active compound combination or composition according to
the invention can be used to curatively or preventively control the
phytopathogenic fungi of plants or reducing the mycotoxin
contamination of plant or plant material. Thus, according to a
further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for
curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of
plants or reducing the mycotoxin contamination of plant or plant
parts comprising the use of a composition according to the
invention by application to the seed, the plant or to the fruit of
the plant or to the soil in which the plant is growing or in which
it is desired to grow.
[0111] The active compound combination or composition of the
invention is also suitable for the treatment of seeds. A large part
of the damage caused by fungi on cultigens occurs by infestation of
the seed during storage and after sowing the seed in the ground as
well as during and after germination of the plants. This phase is
especially critical since the roots and shoots of the growing plant
are particularly sensitive and even a small amount of damage can
lead to withering of the whole plant.
[0112] In a particular embodiment of the invention plant or plant
has at least 10% less mycotoxin, more preferable at least 20%
mycotoxin, more preferable at least 40% mycotoxin, more preferable
at least 50% mycotoxin, more preferable at least 80% mycotoxin
contamination than plant or plant material which has not been
treated.
[0113] The method of treatment according to the invention may also
be useful to treat propagation material such as tubers or rhizomes,
but also seeds, seedlings or seedlings pricking out and plants or
plants pricking out. This method of treatment can also be useful to
treat roots. The method of treatment according to the invention can
also be useful to treat the over-ground parts of the plant such as
trunks, stems or stalks, leaves, flowers and fruit of the concerned
plant.
[0114] By plant parts is meant all above ground and below ground
parts and organs of plants such as shoot, leaf, flower, blossom and
root, whereby for example leaves, needles, stems, branches,
blossoms, fruiting bodies, fruits and seed as well as roots, corms
and rhizomes are listed. Crops and vegetative and generative
propagating material, for example cuttings, corms, rhizomes,
runners, tubers, grains, and seeds also belong to plant parts
[0115] Among the plants that can be protected by the method
according to the invention, mention may be made of major field
crops like corn, soybean, cotton, Brassica oilseeds such as
Brassica napus (e.g. canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (e.g.
mustard) and Brassica carinata, rice, wheat, sugarbeet, sugarcane,
oats, rye, barley, millet, triticale, flax, vine and various fruits
and vegetables of various botanical taxa such as Rosaceae sp. (for
instance pip fruit such as apples and pears, but also stone fruit
such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, berry fruits such
as strawberries), Ribesiokdae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae
sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp.,
Actinidaceae sp., Laurceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for instance banana
trees and plantings), Rubiaceae sp. (for instance coffee), Theaceae
sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (for instance lemons, oranges
and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (for instance tomatoes, potatoes,
peppers, eggplant), Liliaceae sp., Compositiae sp. (for instance
lettuce, artichoke and chicory--including root chicory, endive or
common chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (for instance carrot, parsley,
celery and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae sp. (for instance
cucumber--including pickling cucumber, squash, watermelon, gourds
and melons), Alliaceae sp. (for instance onions and leek),
Cruciferae sp. (for instance white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli,
cauliflower, brussel sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radish,
horseradish, cress, Chinese cabbage), Leguminosae sp. (for instance
peanuts, peas and beans beans--such as climbing beans and broad
beans), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for instance mangold, spinach beet,
spinach, beetroots), Asteraceae sp. (for instance sunflower),
Brassicaceae sp. (for instance white cabbage, red cabbage,
brokkoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radish
as well as canola, rapeseed, mustard, horseradish, cress),
(Cruciferae sp. (for instance colza), Fabacae sp. (for instance
peanuts and beans), Papilionaceae sp. (for instance soybean),
Solanaceae sp. (for instance potatoes), Malvaceae (for instance
okra), Asparagaceae (for instance asparagus); horticultural and
forest crops; ornamental plants; as well as genetically modified
homologues of these crops.
[0116] According to the invention all cereal, nut, fruit and spice
plants are comprised, in particular cereals like all wheat species,
rye, barley, triticale, rice, sorghum, oats, millets, quinoa,
buckwheat, fonio, amaranth, teff and durum; in particular fruits of
various botanical taxa such as Rosaceae sp. (for instance pip fruit
such as apples and pears, but also stone fruit such as apricots,
cherries, almonds and peaches, berry fruits such as strawberries),
Vitis sp. (for instance Vitis vinifera: grape vine, raisins),
Manihoteae sp. (for instance Manihot esculenta, manioc), Theobroma
sp. (for instance Theobroma cacao: cocoa), Ribesioidae sp.,
Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp.,
Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp.,
Musaceae sp. (for instance banana trees and plantings), Rubiaceae
sp. (for instance coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae
sp. (for instance lemons, oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp.
(for instance tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplant), Liliaceae
sp.; in particular nuts of various botanical taxa such as peanuts,
Julandaceae sp. (Walnut, Persian Walnut (Juglans regia), Butternut
(Juglans), Hickory, Shagbark Hickory, Pecan (Carya), Wingnut
(Pterocarya)) Fafaceae sp. (Chestnut (Castanea), Chestnuts,
including Chinese Chestnut, Malabar chestnut, Sweet Chestnut, Beech
(Fagus), Oak (Quercus), Stone-oak Tanoak (Lithocarpus)); Betulaceae
sp. (Alder (Alnus), Birch (Betula), Hazel Filbert (Corylus),
Hornbeam) Leguminosae sp. (for instance peanuts, peas and beans
beans--such as climbing beans and broad beans), Asteraceae sp. (for
instance sunflower seed), Almond, Beech, Butternut, Brazil nut,
Candlenut, Cashew, Colocynth, Cotton seed, Cucurbita ficifolia,
Filbert, Indian Beech or Pongam Tree, Kola nut, Lotus seed,
Macadamia, Mamoncillo, Maya nut, Mongongo, Oak acorns, Ogbono nut,
Paradise nut, Pili nut, Pine nut, Pistacchio, Pumpkin seed, water
Caltrop; soybeans (Glycine sp., Glycine max); in particular spices
like Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Allspice (Pimenta dioica),
Alkanet (Anchusa arvensis), Amchur--mango powder (Mangifera),
Angelica (Angelica archangelica), Anise (Pimpinella anisum),
Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum), Annatto (Bixa orellana L.),
Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens), Artemisia vulgaris/Mugwort,
Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida), Berberis, Banana, Basil (Ocimum
basilicum), Bay leaves, Bistort (Persicaria bistorta"), Black
cardamom, Black cumin, Blackcurrant, Black limes, Bladder wrack
(Fucus vesiculosus), Blue Cohosh, Blue-leaved Mallee (Eucalyptus
polybractea), Bog Labrador Tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum), Boldo
(Peumus boldus), Bolivian Coriander (Porophyllum ruderale) Borage
(Borago officinalis), Calamus, Calendula, Calumba (Jateorhiza
calumba), Chamomile, Candle nut, Cannabis, Caper (Capparis
spinosa), Caraway, Cardamom, Carob Pod, Cassia, Casuarina, Catnip,
Cat's Claw, Catsear, Cayenne pepper, Celastrus Paniculatus--Herb.,
Celery salt, Celery seed, Centaury, Chervil (Anthriscus
cerefolium), Chickweed, Chicory, Chile pepper, Chili powder,
Cinchona, Chives (Allium schoenoprasum), Cicely (Myrrhis odorata),
Cilantro (see Coriander) (Coriandrum sativum), Cinnamon (and
Cassia), Cinnamon Myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia), Clary, Cleavers,
Clover, Cloves, Coffee, Coltsfoot, Comfrey, Common Rue, Condurango,
Coptis, Coriander, Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita), Couchgrass, Cow
Parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), Cowslip, Cramp Bark (Viburnum
opulus), Cress, Cuban Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), Cudweed,
Cumin, Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii), Damiana (Turera aphrodisiaca,
T. diffusa), Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Demulcent, Devil's
claw (Harpagophytum procumbens), Dill seed, Dill (Anethum
graveolens), Dorrigo Pepper (Tasmannia stipitata), Echinacea--,
Echinopanax Elatum, Edelweiss, Elderberry, Elderflower, Elecampane,
Eleutherococcus senticosus, Emmenagogue, Epazote (Chenopodium
ambrosioides), Ephedra --, Eryngium foetidum, Eucalyptus, Fennel
(Foeniculum vulgare), Fenugreek, Feverfew, Figwort, File powder,
Five-spice powder (Chinese), Fo-ti-tieng, Fumitory, Galangal, Garam
masala, Garden cress, Garlic chives, Garlic, Ginger (Zingiber
officinale), Ginkgo biloba, Ginseng, Ginseng, Siberian
(Eleutherococcus senticosus), Goat's Rue (Galega officinalis),
Goada masala, Golden Rod, Golden Seal, Gotu Kola, Grains of
paradise (Aframomum melegueta), Grains of Selim (Xylopia
aethiopica), Grape seed extract, Green tea, Ground Ivy, Guaco,
Gypsywort, Hawthorn (Crataegus sanguinea), Hawthorne Tree, Hemp,
Herbes de Provence, Hibiscus, Holly, Holy Thistle, Hops, Horehound,
Horseradish, Horsetail (Equisetum telmateia), Hyssop (Hyssopus
officinalis), Jalap, Jasmine, Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum),
Joe Pye weed (Gravelroot), John the Conqueror, Juniper, Kaffir Lime
Leaves (Citrus hystrix, C. papedia), Kaala masala, Knotweed, Kokam,
Labrador tea, Lady's Bedstraw, Lady's Mantle, Land cress, Lavender
(Lavandula spp.), Ledum, Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis), Lemon
basil, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other
species), Lemon Ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana), Lemon mint,
Lemon Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), Lemon Thyme, Lemon verbena
(Lippia citriodora), Licorice--adaptogen, Lime Flower, Limnophila
aromatica, Lingzhi, Linseed, Liquorice, Long pepper, Lovage
(Levisticum officinale), Luohanguo, Mace, Mahlab, Malabathrum,
Manchurian Thorn Tree (Aralia manchurica)]], Mandrake, Marjoram
(Origanum majorana), Marrubium vulgare, Marsh Labrador Tea,
Marshmallow, Mastic, Meadowsweet, Mei Yen, Melegueta pepper
(Aframomum melegueta), Mint (Mentha spp.), Milk thistle (Silybum),
Bergamot (Monarda didyma), Motherwort, Mountain Skullcap, Mullein
(Verbascum thapsus), Mustard, Mustard seed, Nashia inaguensis,
Neem, Nepeta, Nettle, Nigella sativa, Nigella (Kolanji, Black
caraway), Noni, Nutmeg (and Mace) Marijuana, Oenothera (Oenothera
biennis et al), Olida (Eucalyptus olida), Oregano (Origanum
vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species), Orris root,
Osmorhiza, Olive Leaf (used in tea and as herbal supplement), Panax
quinquefolius, Pandan leaf, Paprika, Parsley (Petroselinum
crispum), Passion Flower, Patchouli, Pennyroyal, Pepper (black,
white, and green), Peppermint, Peppermint Gum (Eucalyptus dives),
Perilla, Plantain, Pomegranate, Ponch phoran, Poppy seed, Primrose
(Primula)--candied flowers, tea, Psyllium, Purslane, Quassia,
Quatre Epices, Ramsons, Ras el-hanout, Raspberry (leaves), Reishi,
Restharrow, Rhodiola rosea, Riberry (Syzygium luehmannii),
Rocket/Arugula, Roman chamomile, Rooibos, Rosehips, Rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis), Rowan Berries, Rue, Safflower, Saffron,
Sage (Salvia officinalis), Saigon Cinnamon, St John's Wort, Salad
Burnet (Sanguisorba minor or Poterium sanguisorba), Salvia, Sichuan
Pepper (Sansho), Sassafras, Savory (Satureja hortensis, S.
Montana), Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis), Scutellaria
costaricana, Senna (herb), Senna obtusifolia, Sesame seed, Sheep
Sorrel, Shepherd's Purse, Sialagogue, Siberian Chaga, Siberian
ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus), Siraitia grosvenorii
(luohanguo), Skullcap, Sloe Berries, Smudge Stick, Sonchus, Sorrel
(Rumex spp.), Southernwood, Spearmint, Speedwell, Squill, Star
anise, Stevia, Strawberry Leaves, Suma (Pfaffia paniculata), Sumac,
Summer savory, Sutherlandia frutescens, Sweet grass, Sweet cicely
(Myrrhis odorata), Sweet woodruff, Szechuan pepper (Xanthoxylum
piperitum), Tacamahac, Tamarind, Tandoori masala, Tansy, Tarragon
(Artemisia dracunculus), Tea, Teucrium polium, Thai basil, Thistle,
Thyme, Toor Dall, Tormentil, Tribulus terrestris, Tulsi (Ocimum
tenuiflorum), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Uva Ursi also known as
Bearberry, Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), Vasaka, Vervain, Vetiver,
Vietnamese Coriander (Persicaria odorata), Wasabi (Wasabia
japonica), Watercress, Wattleseed, Wild ginger, Wild Lettuce, Wild
thyme, Winter savory, Witch Hazel, Wolfberry, Wood Avens, Wood
Betony, Woodruff, Wormwood, Yarrow, Yerba Buena, Yohimbe, Za'atar,
Zedoary Root.
[0117] The method of treatment according to the invention is used
in the treatment of plants. By plants is meant all plants and plant
populations such as desirable and undesirable wild plants,
cultivars and plant varieties (whether or not protectable by plant
variety or plant breeder's rights). Cultivars and plant varieties
can be plants obtained by conventional propagation and breeding
methods which can be assisted or supplemented by one or more
biotechnological methods such as by use of double haploids,
protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, homologous
recombination methods, molecular or genetic markers or by
bioengineering and genetic engineering methods or marker-assisted
breeding methods, for example SMART breeding ("Selection with
Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies"). Plants can also
be genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Genetically modified
plants (or transgenic plants) are plants of which a heterologous
gene has been stably integrated into the genome. The expression
"heterologous gene" essentially means a gene which is provided or
assembled outside the plant and when introduced in the nuclear,
chloroplastic or mitochondrial genome gives the transformed plant
new or improved agronomic or other properties by expressing a
protein or polypeptide of interest or by downregulating or
silencing other gene(s) which are present in the plant (using for
example, antisense technology, co-suppression technology or RNA
interference--RNAi--technology). A heterologous gene that is
located in the genome is also called a transgene. A transgene that
is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called
a transformation or transgenic event.
[0118] Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated
according to the invention, are those plants characterized by
enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants can
be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth
and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention
efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation,
improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and
accelerated maturation. Yield can furthermore be affected by
improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress
conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering,
flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant
size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit
size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed
mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod
dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include
seed composition, such as carbohydrate content, protein content,
oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in
anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better
storage stability.
[0119] Plants that may be treated according to the invention are
hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis
or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher yield, vigor,
health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic stress factors.
Such plants are typically made by crossing an inbred male-sterile
parent line (the female parent) with another inbred male-fertile
parent line (the male parent). Hybrid seed is typically harvested
from the male sterile plants and sold to growers. Male sterile
plants can sometimes (e.g. in corn) be produced by detasseling,
i.e. the mechanical removal of the male reproductive organs (or
males flowers) but, more typically, male sterility is the result of
genetic determinants in the plant genome. In that case, and
especially when seed is the desired product to be harvested from
the hybrid plants it is typically useful to ensure that male
fertility in the hybrid plants is fully restored. This can be
accomplished by ensuring that the male parents have appropriate
fertility restorer genes which are capable of restoring the male
fertility in hybrid plants that contain the genetic determinants
responsible for male-sterility. Genetic determinants for male
sterility may be located in the cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic
male sterility (CMS) were for instance described in Brassica
species. However, genetic determinants for male sterility can also
be located in the nuclear genome. Male sterile plants can also be
obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic
engineering. A particularly useful means of obtaining male-sterile
plants is described in WO 89/10396 in which, for example, a
ribonuclease such as barnase is selectively expressed in the
tapetum cells in the stamens. Fertility can then be restored by
expression in the tapetum cells of a ribonuclease inhibitor such as
barstar.
[0120] Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology
methods such as genetic engineering) which may be treated according
to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made
tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such plants can be
obtained either by genetic transformation, or by selection of
plants containing a mutation imparting such herbicide
tolerance.
[0121] Herbicide-tolerant plants are for example
glyphosate-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to the
herbicide glyphosate or salts thereof. Plants can be made tolerant
to glyphosate through different means. For example,
glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the
plant with a gene encoding the enzyme
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of
such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium
Salmonella typhimurium, the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agrobacterium
sp, the genes encoding a Petunia EPSPS, a Tomato EPSPS, or an
Eleusine EPSPS. It can also be a mutated EPSPS. Glyphosate-tolerant
plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a
glyphosate oxido-reductase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can
also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate
acetyl transferase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be
obtained by selecting plants containing naturally-occurring
mutations of the above-mentioned genes.
[0122] Other herbicide resistant plants are for example plants that
are made tolerant to herbicides inhibiting the enzyme glutamine
synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or glufosinate. Such
plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme detoxifying the
herbicide or a mutant glutamine synthase enzyme that is resistant
to inhibition. One such efficient detoxifying enzyme is an enzyme
encoding a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or
pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an
exogenous phosphinothricin acetyltransferase are also
described.
[0123] Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants that are
made tolerant to the herbicides inhibiting the enzyme
hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD).
Hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the
reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is transformed
into homogentisate. Plants tolerant to HPPD-inhibitors can be
transformed with a gene encoding a naturally-occurring resistant
HPPD enzyme, or a gene encoding a mutated HPPD enzyme. Tolerance to
HPPD-inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming plants with
genes encoding certain enzymes enabling the formation of
homogentisate despite the inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by
the HPPD-inhibitor. Tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also
be improved by transforming plants with a gene encoding an enzyme
prephenate dehydrogenase in addition to a gene encoding an
HPPD-tolerant enzyme.
[0124] Still further herbicide resistant plants are plants that are
made tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Known
ALS-inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylurea, imidazolinone,
triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyoxy(thio)benzoates, and/or
sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides. Different mutations
in the ALS enzyme (also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase, AHAS)
are known to confer tolerance to different herbicides and groups of
herbicides. The production of sulfonylurea-tolerant plants and
imidazolinonetolerant plants is described. Other
imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described. Further
sulfonylurea- and imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described
in for example WO 2007/024782.
[0125] Other plants tolerant to imidazolinone and/or sulfonylurea
can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures
in the presence of the herbicide or mutation breeding as described
for example for soybeans, for rice, for sugar beet, for lettuce, or
for sunflower.
[0126] Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology
methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated
according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants,
i.e. plants made resistant to attack by certain target insects.
Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by
selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such insect
resistance.
[0127] An "insect-resistant transgenic plant", as used herein,
includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a
coding sequence encoding: [0128] 1) an insecticidal crystal protein
from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticidal portion thereof,
such as the insecticidal crystal proteins listed by Crickmore et
al., Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (1998), 62,
807-813, updated by Crickmore et al. (2005) at the Bacillus
thuringienis toxin nomenclature, online at
http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/), or
insecticidal portions thereof, e.g., proteins of the Cry protein
classes Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa, or Cry3Bb or
insecticidal portions thereof; or [0129] 2) a crystal protein from
Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof which is insecticidal
in the presence of a second other crystal protein from Bacillus
thuringiensis or a portion thereof, such as the binary toxin made
up of the Cry34 and Cry35 crystal proteins; or [0130] 3) a hybrid
insecticidal protein comprising parts of different insecticidal
crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as a hybrid of
the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above,
e.g., the Cry1A.105 protein produced by corn event MON98034; or
[0131] 4) a protein of any one of 1) to 3) above wherein some,
particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another
amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a target
insect species, and/or to expand the range of target insect species
affected, and/or because of changes introduced into the encoding
DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the Cry3Bb1 protein
in corn events MON863 or MON88017, or the Cry3A protein in corn
event MIR604; [0132] 5) an insecticidal secreted protein from
Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, or an insecticidal
portion thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal (VIP) proteins
listed at: [0133]
http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html,
e.g., proteins from the VIP3Aa protein class; or [0134] 6) secreted
protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is
insecticidal in the presence of a second secreted protein from
Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as the binary toxin made
up of the VIP1A and VIP2A proteins; or [0135] 7) hybrid
insecticidal protein comprising parts from different secreted
proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a
hybrid of the proteins in 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins in
2) above; or [0136] 8) protein of any one of 1) to 3) above wherein
some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by
another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a
target insect species, and/or to expand the range of target insect
species affected, and/or because of changes introduced into the
encoding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still encoding
an insecticidal protein), such as the VIP3Aa protein in cotton
event COT102.
[0137] Of course, an insect-resistant transgenic plant, as used
herein, also includes any plant comprising a combination of genes
encoding the proteins of any one of the above classes 1 to 8. In
one embodiment, an insect-resistant plant contains more than one
transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above classes 1 to
8, to expand the range of target insect species affected when using
different proteins directed at different target insect species, or
to delay insect resistance development to the plants by using
different proteins insecticidal to the same target insect species
but having a different mode of action, such as binding to different
receptor binding sites in the insect.
[0138] Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology
methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated
according to the invention are tolerant to abiotic stresses. Such
plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection
of plants containing a mutation imparting such stress resistance.
Particularly useful stress tolerance plants include: [0139] a.
plants which contain a transgene capable of reducing the expression
and/or the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) gene in
the plant cells or plants [0140] b. plants which contain a stress
tolerance enhancing transgene capable of reducing the expression
and/or the activity of the PARG encoding genes of the plants or
plants cells. [0141] c. plants which contain a stress tolerance
enhancing transgene coding for a plant-functional enzyme of the
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage synthesis pathway
including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase,
nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyl transferase, nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotine amide
phosphorybosyltransferase.
[0142] Further particularly genetically modified plants include
plants containing a gene in an agronomically neutral or beneficial
position as described by the event listed in Table A
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE A Event Company Description Crop ASR368 Scotts
Seeds Glyphosate tolerance derived by inserting a modified 5-
Agrostis stolonifera enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
(EPSPS) Creeping Bentgrass encoding gene from Agrobacterium
tumefaciens, parent line B99061 H7-1 Monsanto Company Glyphosate
herbicide tolerant sugar beet produced by Beta vulgaris inserting a
gene encoding the enzyme 5- enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate
synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
T120-7 Bayer CropScience (Aventis Introduction of the
PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding Beta vulgaris
CropScience(AgrEvo)) gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an
aerobic soil bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine
synthetase, causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT
is inactive. GTSB77 Novartis Seeds; Monsanto Glyphosate herbicide
tolerant sugar beet produced by Beta vulgaris sugar Beet Company
inserting a gene encoding the enzyme 5-
enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4
strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 23-18-17, 23-198 Monsanto
Company (formerly High laurate (12:0) and myristate (14:0) canola
produced Brassica napus (Argentine Calgene) by inserting a
thioesterase encoding gene from the Canola) California bay laurel
(Umbellularia californica). 45A37, 46A40 Pioneer Hi-Bred
International Inc. High oleic acid and low linolenic acid canola
produced Brassica napus (Argentine through a combination of
chemical mutagenesis to select Canola) for a fatty acid desaturase
mutant with elevated oleic acid, and traditional back-crossing to
introduce the low linolenic acid trait. 46A12, 46A16 Pioneer
Hi-Bred International Inc. Combination of chemical mutagenesis, to
achieve the high Brassica napus (Argentine oleic acid trait, and
traditional breeding with registered Canola) canola varieties.
GT200 Monsanto Company Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola
produced by inserting Brassica napus (Argentine genes encoding the
enzymes 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3- Canola) phosphate synthase
(EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and
glyphosate oxidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi. GT73, RT73 Monsanto
Company Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola produced by inserting
Brassica napus (Argentine genes encoding the enzymes
5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3- Canola) phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from
the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and glyphosate oxidase
from Ochrobactrum anthropi. HCN10 Aventis CropScience Introduction
of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding Brassica napus
(Argentine gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic
Canola) soil bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine
synthetase, causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT
is inactive. HCN92 Bayer CropScience (Aventis Introduction of the
PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding Brassica napus (Argentine
CropScience(AgrEvo)) gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an
aerobic Canola) soil bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit
glutamine synthetase, causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia.
Acetylated PPT is inactive. MS1, RF1 => PGS1 Aventis CropScience
(formerly Male-sterility, fertility restoration, pollination
control Brassica napus (Argentine Plant Genetic Systems) system
displaying glufosinate herbicide tolerance. MS lines Canola)
contained the barnase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, RF
lines contained the barstar gene from the same bacteria, and both
lines contained the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT)
encoding gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. MS1, RF2 => PGS2
Aventis CropScience (formerly Male-sterility, fertility
restoration, pollination control Brassica napus (Argentine Plant
Genetic Systems) system displaying glufosinate herbicide tolerance.
MS lines Canola) contained the barnase gene from Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens, RF lines contained the barstar gene from the
same bacteria, and both lines contained the phosphinothricin
N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces
hygroscopicus. MS8 .times. RF3 Bayer CropScience (Aventis
Male-sterility, fertility restoration, pollination control Brassica
napus (Argentine CropScience(AgrEvo)) system displaying glufosinate
herbicide tolerance. MS lines Canola) contained the barnase gene
from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, RF lines contained the barstar
gene from the same bacteria, and both lines contained the
phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from
Streptomyces hygroscopicus. NS738, NS1471, Pioneer Hi-Bred
International Inc. Selection of somaclonal variants with altered
acetolactate Brassica napus (Argentine NS1473 synthase (ALS)
enzymes, following chemical mutagenesis. Canola) Two lines (P1, P2)
were initially selected with modifications at different unlinked
loci. NS738 contains the P2 mutation only. OXY-235 Aventis
CropScience (formerly Tolerance to the herbicides bromoxynil and
ioxynil by Brassica napus (Argentine Rhone Poulenc Inc.)
incorporation of the nitrilase gene from Klebsiella Canola)
pneumoniae. PHY14, PHY35 Aventis CropScience (formerly Male
sterility was via insertion of the barnase ribonuclease Brassica
napus (Argentine Plant Genetic Systems) gene from Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens; fertility restoration Canola) by insertion of
the barstar RNase inhibitor; PPT resistance was via
PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. PHY36
Aventis CropScience (formerly Male sterility was via insertion of
the barnase ribonuclease Brassica napus (Argentine Plant Genetic
Systems) gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; fertility
restoration Canola) by insertion of the barstar RNase inhibitor;
PPT resistance was via PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) from
Streptomyces hygroscopicus. T45 (HCN28) Bayer CropScience (Aventis
Introduction of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding Brassica
napus (Argentine CropScience(AgrEvo)) gene from Streptomyces
viridochromogenes, an aerobic Canola) soil bacteria. PPT normally
acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase, causing a fatal accumulation
of ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive. HCR-1 Bayer CropScience
(Aventis Introduction of the glufosinate ammonium herbicide
Brassica rapa (Polish CropScience(AgrEvo)) tolerance trait from
transgenic B. napus line T45. This trait Canola) is mediated by the
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from S.
viridochromogenes. ZSR500/502 Monsanto Company Introduction of a
modified 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3- Brassica rapa (Polish phosphate
synthase (EPSPS) and a gene from Canola) Achromobacter sp that
degrades glyphosate by conversion to aminomethylphosphonic acid
(AMPA) and glyoxylate by interspecific crossing with GT73.
55-1/63-1 Cornell University Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) resistant
papaya produced by Carica papaya (Papaya) inserting the coat
protein (CP) encoding sequences from this plant potyvirus. RM3-3,
RM3-4, Bejo Zaden BV Male sterility was via insertion of the
barnase ribonuclease Cichorium RM3-6 gene from Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens; PPT resistance was intybus (Chicory) via the bar
gene from S. hygroscopicus, which encodes the PAT enzyme. A, B
Agritope Inc. Reduced accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM),
Cucumis melo (Melon) and consequently reduced ethylene synthesis,
by introduction of the gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine
hydrolase. CZW-3 Asgrow (USA); Seminis Cucumber mosiac virus (CMV),
zucchini yellows mosaic Cucurbita pepo (Squash) Vegetable Inc.
(Canada) (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) 2 resistant
squash (Curcurbita pepo) produced by inserting the coat protein
(CP) encoding sequences from each of these plant viruses into the
host genome. ZW20 Upjohn (USA); Seminis Vegetable Zucchini yellows
mosaic (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic Cucurbita pepo (Squash) Inc.
(Canada) virus (WMV) 2 resistant squash (Curcurbita pepo) produced
by inserting the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from each of
these plant potyviruses into the host genome. 66 Florigene Pty Ltd.
Delayed senescence and sulfonylurea herbicide tolerant Dianthus
carnations produced by inserting a truncated copy of the
caryophyllus (Carnation) carnation aminocyclopropane cyclase (ACC)
synthase encoding gene in order to suppress expression of the
endogenous unmodified gene, which is required for normal ethylene
biosynthesis. Tolerance to sulfonyl urea herbicides was via the
introduction of a chlorsulfuron tolerant version of the
acetolactate synthase (ALS) encoding gene from tobacco. 4, 11, 15,
16 Florigene Pty Ltd. Modified colour and sulfonylurea herbicide
tolerant Dianthus carnations produced by inserting two anthocyanin
caryophyllus (Carnation) biosynthetic genes whose expression
results in a violet/mauve colouration. Tolerance to sulfonyl urea
herbicides was via the introduction of a chlorsulfuron tolerant
version of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) encoding gene from
tobacco. 959A, 988A, Florigene Pty Ltd. Introduction of two
anthocyanin biosynthetic genes to Dianthus 1226A, 1351A, result in
a violet/mauve colouration; Introduction of a caryophyllus
(Carnation) 1363A, 1400A variant form of acetolactate synthase
(ALS). A2704-12, A2704- Aventis CropScience Glufosinate ammonium
herbicide tolerant soybean Glycine max L. (Soybean) 21, A5547-35
produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
(PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces
viridochromogenes. A5547-127 Bayer CropScience (Aventis Glufosinate
ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean Glycine max L. (Soybean)
CropScience(AgrEvo)) produced by inserting a modified
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the
soil bacterium Streptomyces viridochromogenes. DP356043 Pioneer
Hi-Bred International Inc. Soybean event with two herbicide
tolerance genes: Glycine max L. (Soybean) glyphosate
N-acetlytransferase, which detoxifies glyphosate, and a modified
acetolactate synthase (A G94-1, G94-19, DuPont Canada Agricultural
High oleic acid soybean produced by inserting a second Glycine max
L. (Soybean) G168 Products copy of the fatty acid desaturase
(GmFad2-1) encoding gene from soybean, which resulted in
"silencing" of the endogenous host gene. GTS 40-3-2 Monsanto
Company Glyphosate tolerant soybean variety produced by inserting
Glycine max L. (Soybean) a modified
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene
from the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. GU262 Bayer
CropScience (Aventis Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant
soybean Glycine max L. (Soybean) CropScience(AgrEvo)) produced by
inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT)
encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces
viridochromogenes. MON89788 Monsanto Company Glyphosate-tolerant
soybean produced by inserting a Glycine max L. (Soybean) modified
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding aroA
(epsps) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens CP4. OT96-15
Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Low linolenic acid soybean
produced through traditional Glycine max L. (Soybean)
cross-breeding to incorporate the novel trait from a naturally
occurring fan1 gene mutant that was selected for low linolenic
acid. W62, W98 Bayer CropScience (Aventis Glufosinate ammonium
herbicide tolerant soybean Glycine max L. (Soybean)
CropScience(AgrEvo)) produced by inserting a modified
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the
soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. 15985 Monsanto Company
Insect resistant cotton derived by transformation of the Gossypium
hirsutum DP50B parent variety, which contained event 531 L.
(Cotton) (expressing Cry1Ac protein), with purified plasmid DNA
containing the cry2Ab gene from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki.
19-51A DuPont Canada Agricultural Introduction of a variant form of
acetolactate synthase Gossypium hirsutum Products (ALS). L.
(Cotton) 281-24-236 DOW AgroSciences LLC Insect-resistant cotton
produced by inserting the cry1F gene Gossypium hirsutum from
Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai. The PAT encoding L. (Cotton)
gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes was introduced as a
selectable marker. 3006-210-23 DOW AgroSciences LLC
Insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting the cry1Ac Gossypium
hirsutum gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The PAT
L. (Cotton)
encoding gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes was introduced as
a selectable marker. 31807/31808 Calgene Inc. Insect-resistant and
bromoxynil herbicide tolerant cotton Gossypium hirsutum produced by
inserting the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus L. (Cotton) thuringiensis
and a nitrilase encoding gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae. BXN
Calgene Inc. Bromoxynil herbicide tolerant cotton produced by
inserting Gossypium hirsutum a nitrilase encoding gene from
Klebsiella pneumoniae. L. (Cotton) COT102 Syngenta Seeds, Inc.
Insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting the vip3A(a)
Gossypium hirsutum gene from Bacillus thuringiensis AB88. The APH4
L. (Cotton) encoding gene from E. coli was introduced as a
selectable marker. DAS-21O23-5 .times. DOW AgroSciences LLC
WideStrike .TM., a stacked insect-resistant cotton derived
Gossypium hirsutum DAS-24236-5 from conventional cross-breeding of
parental lines 3006- L. (Cotton) 210-23 (OECD identifier:
DAS-21O23-5) and 281-24-236 (OECD identifier: DAS-24236-5).
DAS-21O23-5 .times. DOW AgroSciences LLC and Stacked
insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant cotton Gossypium hirsutum
DAS-24236-5 .times. Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. derived from
conventional cross-breeding of WideStrike L. (Cotton) MON88913
cotton (OECD identifier: DAS-21O23-5 .times. DAS-24236-5) with
MON88913, known as RoundupReady Flex (OECD identifier:
MON-88913-8). DAS-21O23-5 .times. DOW AgroSciences LLC WideStrike
.TM./Roundup Ready .RTM. cotton, a stacked insect- Gossypium
hirsutum DAS-24236-5 .times. resistant and glyphosate-tolerant
cotton derived from L. (Cotton) MON-O1445-2 conventional
cross-breeding of WideStrike cotton (OECD identifier: DAS-21O23-5
.times. DAS-24236-5) with MON1445 (OECD identifier: MON-O1445-2).
LLCotton25 Bayer CropScience (Aventis Glufosinate ammonium
herbicide tolerant cotton produced Gossypium hirsutum
CropScience(AgrEvo)) by inserting a modified phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase L. (Cotton) (PAT) encoding gene from the soil
bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. LLCotton25 .times. Bayer
CropScience (Aventis Stacked herbicide tolerant and insect
resistant cotton Gossypium hirsutum MON15985 CropScience(AgrEvo))
combining tolerance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide L. (Cotton)
from LLCotton25 (OECD identifier: ACS-GHOO1-3) with resistance to
insects from MON15985 (OECD identifier: MON-15985-7) GBH614 Bayer
CropScience (Aventis Glyphosate herbicide tolerant cotton produced
by inserting Gossypium hirsutum CropScience(AgrEvo)) 2mepsps gene
into variety Coker312 by Agrobacterium L. (Cotton) under the
control of Ph4a748At and TPotpC MON1445/1698 Monsanto Company
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant cotton produced by inserting
Gossypium hirsutum a naturally glyphosate tolerant form of the
enzyme 5- L. (Cotton) enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase
(EPSPS) from A. tumefaciens strain CP4. MON15985 .times. Monsanto
Company Stacked insect resistant and glyphosate tolerant cotton
Gossypium hirsutum MON88913 produced by conventional cross-breeding
of the parental L. (Cotton) lines MON88913 (OECD identifier:
MON-88913-8) and 15985 (OECD identifier: MON-15985-7). Glyphosate
tolerance is derived from MON88913 which contains two genes
encoding the enzyme 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase
(EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Insect
resistance is derived MON15985 which was produced by transformation
of the DP50B parent variety, which contained event 531 (expressing
Cry1Ac protein), with purified plasmid DNA containing the cry2Ab
gene from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. MON-15985-7 .times.
Monsanto Company Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant
cotton Gossypium hirsutum MON-O1445-2 derived from conventional
cross-breeding of the parental L. (Cotton) lines 15985 (OECD
identifier: MON-15985-7) and MON1445 (OECD identifier:
MON-O1445-2). MON531/757/1076 Monsanto Company Insect-resistant
cotton produced by inserting the cry1Ac Gossypium hirsutum gene
from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-73 L. (Cotton)
(B.t.k.). MON88913 Monsanto Company Glyphosate herbicide tolerant
cotton produced by inserting Gossypium hirsutum two genes encoding
the enzyme 5-enolypyruvylshikimate- L. (Cotton) 3-phosphate
synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
MON-OO531-6 .times. Monsanto Company Stacked insect resistant and
herbicide tolerant cotton Gossypium hirsutum MON-O1445-2 derived
from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Cotton) lines
MON531 (OECD identifier: MON-OO531-6) and MON1445 (OECD identifier:
MON-O1445-2). X81359 BASF Inc. Tolerance to imidazolinone
herbicides by selection of a Helianthus naturally occurring mutant.
annuus (Sunflower) RH44 BASF Inc. Selection for a mutagenized
version of the enzyme Lens culinaris (Lentil) acetohydroxyacid
synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS) or
acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. FP967 University of Saskatchewan, Crop
A variant form of acetolactate synthase (ALS) was obtained Linum
usitatissimum Dev. Centre from a chlorsulfuron tolerant line of A.
thaliana and used to L. (Flax, Linseed) transform flax. 5345
Monsanto Company Resistance to lepidopteran pests through the
introduction of Lycopersicon the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. esculentum (Tomato) Kurstaki. 8338 Monsanto
Company Introduction of a gene sequence encoding the enzyme 1-
Lycopersicon amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCd)
esculentum (Tomato) that metabolizes the precursor of the fruit
ripening hormone ethylene. 1345-4 DNA Plant Technology Delayed
ripening tomatoes produced by inserting an Lycopersicon Corporation
additional copy of a truncated gene encoding 1- esculentum (Tomato)
aminocyclopropane-1-carboxyllic acid (ACC) synthase, which resulted
in downregulation of the endogenous ACC synthase and reduced
ethylene accumulation. 35 1 N Agritope Inc. Introduction of a gene
sequence encoding the enzyme S- Lycopersicon adenosylmethionine
hydrolase that metabolizes the esculentum (Tomato) precursor of the
fruit ripening hormone ethylene B, Da, F Zeneca Seeds Delayed
softening tomatoes produced by inserting a Lycopersicon truncated
version of the polygalacturonase (PG) encoding esculentum (Tomato)
gene in the sense or anti-sense orientation in order to reduce
expression of the endogenous PG gene, and thus reduce pectin
degradation. FLAVR SAVR Calgene Inc. Delayed softening tomatoes
produced by inserting an Lycopersicon additional copy of the
polygalacturonase (PG) encoding esculentum (Tomato) gene in the
anti-sense orientation in order to reduce expression of the
endogenous PG gene and thus reduce pectin degradation. J101, J163
Monsanto Company and Forage Glyphosate herbicide tolerant alfalfa
(lucerne) produced by Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) Genetics
International inserting a gene encoding the enzyme 5-
enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4
strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. C/F/93/08-02 Societe National
d'Exploitation Tolerance to the herbicides bromoxynil and ioxynil
by Nicotiana tabacum des Tabacs et Allumettes incorporation of the
nitrilase gene from Klebsiella L. (Tobacco) pneumoniae. Vector
21-41 Vector Tobacco Inc. Reduced nicotine content through
introduction of a second Nicotiana tabacum copy of the tobacco
quinolinic acid L. (Tobacco) phosphoribosyltransferase (QTPase) in
the antisense orientation. The NPTII encoding gene from E. coli was
introduced as a selectable marker to identify transformants. CL121,
CL141, BASF Inc. Tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide,
imazethapyr, Oryza sativa (Rice) CFX51 induced by chemical
mutagenesis of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme using ethyl
methanesulfonate (EMS). IMINTA-1, BASF Inc. Tolerance to
imidazolinone herbicides induced by chemical Oryza sativa (Rice)
IMINTA-4 mutagenesis of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme
using sodium azide. LLRICE06, Aventis CropScience Glufosinate
ammonium herbicide tolerant rice produced by Oryza sativa (Rice)
LLRICE62 inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
(PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces
hygroscopicus). LLRICE601 Bayer CropScience (Aventis Glufosinate
ammonium herbicide tolerant rice produced by Oryza sativa (Rice)
CropScience(AgrEvo)) inserting a modified phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium
Streptomyces hygroscopicus). C5 United States Department of Plum
pox virus (PPV) resistant plum tree produced through Prunus
domestica (Plum) Agriculture - Agricultural Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation with a coat protein Research Service (CP) gene from
the virus. PWC16 BASF Inc. Tolerance to the imidazolinone
herbicide, imazethapyr, Oryza sativa (Rice) induced by chemical
mutagenesis of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme using ethyl
methanesulfonate (EMS). ATBT04-6, Monsanto Company Colorado potato
beetle resistant potatoes produced by Solanum tuberosum ATBT04-27,
inserting the cry3A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis L. (Potato)
ATBT04-30, (subsp. Tenebrionis). ATBT04-31, ATBT04-36, SPBT02-5,
SPBT02-7 BT6, BT10, BT12, Monsanto Company Colorado potato beetle
resistant potatoes produced by Solanum tuberosum BT16, BT17,
inserting the cry3A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis L. (Potato)
BT18, BT23 (subsp. Tenebrionis). RBMT15-101, Monsanto Company
Colorado potato beetle and potato virus Y (PVY) resistant Solanum
tuberosum SEMT15-02, potatoes produced by inserting the cry3A gene
from L. (Potato) SEMT15-15 Bacillus thuringiensis (subsp.
Tenebrionis) and the coat protein encoding gene from PVY.
RBMT21-129, Monsanto Company Colorado potato beetle and potato
leafroll virus (PLRV) Solanum tuberosum RBMT21-350, resistant
potatoes produced by inserting the cry3A gene L. (Potato)
RBMT22-082 from Bacillus thuringiensis (subsp. Tenebrionis) and the
replicase encoding gene from PLRV. AP205CL BASF Inc. Selection for
a mutagenized version of the enzyme Triticum aestivum (Wheat)
acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate
synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. AP602CL BASF Inc.
Selection for a mutagenized version of the enzyme Triticum aestivum
(Wheat) acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as
acetolactate synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase.
BW255-2, BW238-3 BASF Inc. Selection for a mutagenized version of
the enzyme Triticum aestivum (Wheat) acetohydroxyacid synthase
(AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS) or acetolactate
pyruvate-lyase. BW7 BASF Inc. Tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides
induced by chemical Triticum aestivum (Wheat) mutagenesis of the
acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene using sodium azide. MON71800
Monsanto Company Glyphosate tolerant wheat variety produced by
inserting a Triticum aestivum (Wheat) modified
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene
from the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain CP4.
SWP965001 Cyanamid Crop Protection Selection for a mutagenized
version of the enzyme Triticum aestivum (Wheat) acetohydroxyacid
synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS) or
acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. Teal 11A BASF Inc. Selection for a
mutagenized version of the enzyme Triticum aestivum (Wheat)
acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate
synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. 176 Syngenta Seeds,
Inc. Insect-resistant maize produced by inserting the cry1Ab Zea
mays L. (Maize) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki.
The genetic modification affords resistance to attack by the
European corn borer (ECB). 3751IR Pioneer Hi-Bred International
Inc. Selection of somaclonal variants by culture of embryos on Zea
mays L. (Maize) imidazolinone containing media. 676, 678, 680
Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. Male-sterile and
glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant Zea mays L. (Maize) maize
produced by inserting genes encoding DNA adenine methylase and
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from Escherichia coli and
Streptomyces viridochromogenes, respectively. ACS-ZMOO3-2 .times.
Bayer CropScience (Aventis Stacked insect resistant and herbicide
tolerant corn hybrid Zea mays L. (Maize) MON-OO81O-6
CropScience(AgrEvo)) derived from conventional cross-breeding of
the parental lines T25 (OECD identifier: ACS-ZMOO3-2) and MON810
(OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6). B16 (DLL25) Dekalb Genetics
Corporation Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant maize produced
Zea mays L. (Maize) by inserting the gene encoding phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. BT11
(X4334CBR, Syngenta Seeds, Inc. Insect-resistant and herbicide
tolerant maize produced by Zea mays L. (Maize) X4734CBR) inserting
the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and
the phosphinothricin N- acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from
S. viridochromogenes. BT11 .times. MIR604 Syngenta Seeds, Inc.
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mays L.
(Maize) produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines
BT11 (OECD unique identifier: SYN-BTO11-1) and MIR604 (OECD unique
identifier: SYN-IR6O5-5). Resistance to the European Corn Borer and
tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium (Liberty) is
derived from BT11, which contains the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and the phosphinothricin N-
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from S. viridochromogenes.
Corn rootworm-resistance is derived from MIR604 which contains the
mcry3A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. BT11 .times. MIR604
.times. Syngenta Seeds, Inc. Stacked insect resistant and herbicide
tolerant maize Zea mays L. (Maize) GA21 produced by conventional
cross breeding of parental lines BT11 (OECD unique identifier:
SYN-BTO11-1), MIR604 (OECD unique identifier: SYN-IR6O5-5) and GA21
(OECD unique identifier: MON-OOO21-9). Resistance to the European
Corn Borer and tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium
(Liberty) is derived from BT11, which contains the cry1Ab gene from
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and the phosphinothricin N-
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from S. viridochromogenes.
Corn rootworm-resistance is derived from MIR604 which contains the
mcry3A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. Tolerance to glyphosate
herbcicide is derived from GA21 which contains a a modified EPSPS
gene from maize. CBH-351 Aventis CropScience Insect-resistant and
glufosinate ammonium herbicide Zea mays L. (Maize) tolerant maize
developed by inserting genes encoding Cry9C protein from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp tolworthi and phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
DAS-06275-8 DOW AgroSciences LLC Lepidopteran insect resistant and
glufosinate ammonium Zea mays L. (Maize) herbicide-tolerant maize
variety produced by inserting the cry1F gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis var aizawai and the phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
DAS-59122-7 DOW AgroSciences LLC and Corn rootworm-resistant maize
produced by inserting the Zea mays L. (Maize) Pioneer Hi-Bred
International Inc. cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacillus
thuringiensis strain PS149B1. The PAT encoding gene from
Streptomyces viridochromogenes was introduced as a selectable
marker. DAS-59122-7 .times. DOW AgroSciences LLC and Stacked insect
resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mays L. (Maize) NK603
Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. produced by conventional cross
breeding of parental lines DAS-59122-7 (OECD unique identifier:
DAS-59122-7) with NK603 (OECD unique identifier: MON-OO6O3-6). Corn
rootworm-resistance is derived from DAS-59122-7 which contains the
cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strain
PS149B1. Tolerance to glyphosate herbcicide is derived from NK603.
DAS-59122-7 .times. DOW AgroSciences LLC and Stacked insect
resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mays L. (Maize) TC1507
.times. NK603 Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. produced by
conventional cross breeding of parental lines DAS-59122-7 (OECD
unique identifier: DAS-59122-7) and TC1507 (OECD unique identifier:
DAS-O15O7-1) with NK603 (OECD unique identifier: MON-OO6O3-6). Corn
rootworm-resistance is derived from DAS-59122-7 which contains the
cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strain
PS149B1. Lepidopteran resistance and toleraance to glufosinate
ammonium herbicide is derived from TC1507. Tolerance to glyphosate
herbcicide is derived from NK603. DAS-O15O7-1 .times. DOW
AgroSciences LLC Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant
corn hybrid Zea mays L. (Maize) MON-OO6O3-6 derived from
conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines 1507 (OECD
identifier: DAS-O15O7-1) and NK603 (OECD identifier: MON-OO6O3-6).
DBT418 Dekalb Genetics Corporation Insect-resistant and glufosinate
ammonium herbicide Zea mays L. (Maize) tolerant maize developed by
inserting genes encoding Cry1AC protein from Bacillus thuringiensis
subsp kurstaki and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from
Streptomyces hygroscopicus DK404SR BASF Inc. Somaclonal variants
with a modified acetyl-CoA- Zea mays L. (Maize) carboxylase
(ACCase) were selected by culture of embryos on sethoxydim enriched
medium. Event 3272 Syngenta Seeds, Inc. Maize line expressing a
heat stable alpha-amylase gene Zea mays L. (Maize) amy797E for use
in the dry-grind ethanol process. The phosphomannose isomerase gene
from E. coli was used as a selectable marker. EXP1910IT Syngenta
Seeds, Inc. (formerly Tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide,
imazethapyr, Zea mays L. (Maize) Zeneca Seeds) induced by chemical
mutagenesis of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme using ethyl
methanesulfonate (EMS). GA21 Monsanto Company Introduction, by
particle bombardment, of a modified 5- Zea mays L. (Maize)
enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme
involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of
the aromatic amino acids. IT Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.
Tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethapyr, was Zea mays
L. (Maize) obtained by in vitro selection of somaclonal variants.
LY038 Monsanto Company Altered amino acid composition, specifically
elevated Zea mays L. (Maize) levels of lysine, through the
introduction of the cordapA gene, derived from Corynebacterium
glutamicum, encoding the enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase
(cDHDPS). MIR604 Syngenta Seeds, Inc. Corn rootworm resistant maize
produced by transformation Zea mays L. (Maize) with a modified
cry3A gene. The phosphomannose isomerase gene from E. coli was used
as a selectable marker. MIR604 .times. GA21 Syngenta Seeds, Inc.
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mays L.
(Maize) produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines
MIR604 (OECD unique identifier: SYN-IR6O5-5) and GA21 (OECD unique
identifier: MON-OOO21-9). Corn rootworm-resistance is derived from
MIR604 which contains the mcry3A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Tolerance to glyphosate herbcicide is derived from GA21. MON80100
Monsanto Company Insect-resistant maize produced by inserting the
cry1Ab Zea mays L. (Maize) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
kurstaki. The genetic modification affords resistance to attack by
the European corn borer (ECB). MON802 Monsanto Company
Insect-resistant and glyphosate herbicide tolerant maize Zea mays
L. (Maize) produced by inserting the genes encoding the Cry1Ab
protein from Bacillus thuringiensis and the 5-
enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from A.
tumefaciens strain CP4. MON809 Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.
Resistance to European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) by Zea mays
L. (Maize) introduction of a synthetic cry1Ab gene. Glyphosate
resistance via introduction of the bacterial version of a plant
enzyme, 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS).
MON810 Monsanto Company Insect-resistant maize produced by
inserting a truncated Zea mays L. (Maize) form of the cry1Ab gene
from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. The genetic
modification affords resistance to attack by the European corn
borer (ECB). MON810 .times. Monsanto Company Stacked insect
resistant and glyphosate tolerant maize Zea mays L. (Maize)
MON88017 derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental
lines MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6) and MON88017 (OECD
identifier: MON-88O17-3). European corn borer (ECB) resistance is
derived from a truncated form of the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 present in MON810. Corn rootworm
resistance is derived from the cry3Bb1 gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis subspecies kumamotoensis strain EG4691 present in
MON88017. Glyphosate tolerance is derived from a
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene
from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 present in MON88017.
MON832 Monsanto Company Introduction, by particle bombardment, of
glyphosate Zea mays L. (Maize) oxidase (GOX) and a modified
5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3- phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme
involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of
the aromatic amino acids. MON863 Monsanto Company Corn root worm
resistant maize produced by inserting the Zea mays L. (Maize)
cry3Bb1 gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis.
MON88017 Monsanto Company Corn rootworm-resistant maize produced by
inserting the Zea mays L. (Maize) cry3Bb1 gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis subspecies kumamotoensis strain EG4691. Glyphosate
tolerance derived by inserting a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate
synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
strain CP4. MON89034 Monsanto Company Maize event expressing two
different insecticidal proteins Zea mays L. (Maize) from Bacillus
thuringiensis providing resistance to number of lepidopteran pests.
MON89034 .times. Monsanto Company Stacked insect resistant and
glyphosate tolerant maize Zea mays L. (Maize) MON88017 derived from
conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines MON89034 (OECD
identifier: MON-89O34-3) and MON88017 (OECD identifier:
MON-88O17-3). Resistance to Lepiopteran insects is derived from two
crygenes present in MON89043. Corn rootworm resistance is derived
from a single cry genes and glyphosate tolerance is derived from
the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding
gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens present in MON88017.
MON-OO6O3-6 .times. Monsanto Company Stacked insect resistant and
herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mays L. (Maize) MON-OO81O-6
derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines
NK603 (OECD identifier: MON-OO6O3-6) and MON810 (OECD identifier:
MON-OO81O-6). MON-OO81O-6 .times. Monsanto Company Stacked insect
resistant and enhanced lysine content maize Zea mays L. (Maize)
LY038 derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental
lines MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6) and LY038 (OECD
identifier: REN-OOO38-3). MON-OO863-5 .times. Monsanto Company
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea
mays L. (Maize) MON-OO6O3-6 derived from conventional
cross-breeding of the parental lines MON863 (OECD identifier:
MON-OO863-5) and NK603 (OECD identifier: MON-OO6O3-6). MON-OO863-5
.times. Monsanto Company Stacked insect resistant corn hybrid
derived from Zea mays L. (Maize) MON-OO81O-6 conventional
cross-breeding of the parental lines MON863 (OECD identifier:
MON-OO863-5) and MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6) MON-OO863-5
.times. Monsanto Company Stacked insect resistant and herbicide
tolerant corn hybrid Zea mays L. (Maize) MON-OO81O-6 .times.
derived from conventional cross-breeding of the stacked MON-OO6O3-6
hybrid MON-OO863-5 .times. MON-OO81O-6 and NK603 (OECD identifier:
MON-OO6O3-6). MON-OOO21-9 .times. Monsanto Company Stacked insect
resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mays L. (Maize)
MON-OO81O-6 derived from conventional cross-breeding of the
parental lines GA21 (OECD identifider: MON-OOO21-9) and MON810
(OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6). MS3 Bayer CropScience (Aventis Male
sterility caused by expression of the barnase Zea mays L. (Maize)
CropScience(AgrEvo)) ribonuclease gene from Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens; PPT resistance was via PPT-acetyltransferase
(PAT). MS6 Bayer CropScience (Aventis Male sterility caused by
expression of the barnase Zea mays L. (Maize)
CropScience(AgrEvo)) ribonuclease gene from Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens; PPT resistance was via PPT-acetyltransferase
(PAT). NK603 Monsanto Company Introduction, by particle
bombardment, of a modified 5- Zea mays L. (Maize) enolpyruvyl
shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the
shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic
amino acids. SYN-BTO11-1 .times. Syngenta Seeds, Inc. Stacked
insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mays L. (Maize)
MON-OOO21-9 produced by conventional cross breeding of parental
lines BT11 (OECD unique identifier: SYN-BTO11-1) and GA21 (OECD
unique identifier: MON-OOO21-9). T14, T25 Bayer CropScience
(Aventis Glufosinate herbicide tolerant maize produced by inserting
Zea mays L. (Maize) CropScience(AgrEvo)) the phosphinothricin
N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the aerobic
actinomycete Streptomyces viridochromogenes. TC1507 Mycogen (c/o
Dow Insect-resistant and glufosinate ammonium herbicide Zea mays L.
(Maize) AgroSciences); Pioneer (c/o tolerant maize produced by
inserting the cry1F gene from Dupont) Bacillus thuringiensis var.
aizawai and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase encoding gene
from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. TC1507 .times. DAS- DOW
AgroSciences LLC and Stacked insect resistant and herbicide
tolerant maize Zea mays L. (Maize) 59122-7 Pioneer Hi-Bred
International Inc. produced by conventional cross breeding of
parental lines TC1507 (OECD unique identifier: DAS-O15O7-1) with
DAS-59122-7 (OECD unique identifier: DAS-59122-7). Resistance to
lepidopteran insects is derived from TC1507 due the presence of the
cry1F gene from Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai. Corn
rootworm-resistance is derived from DAS-59122-7 which contains the
cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strain
PS149B1. Tolerance to glufosinate ammonium herbcicide is derived
from TC1507 from the phosphinothricin N- acetyltransferase encoding
gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. DP-O9814O-6 Pioneer
Hi-Bred International Inc. Corn line 98140 was genetically
engineered to express the Zea mays L. (Maize) (Event 98140) GAT4621
(glyphosate acetyltransferase) and ZM-HRA (modified version of a
maize acetolactate synthase) proteins. The GAT4621 protein, encoded
by the gat4621 gene, confers tolerance to glyphosate-containing
herbicides by acetylating glyphosate and thereby rendering it non-
phytotoxic. The ZM-HRA protein, encoded by the zm-hra gene, confers
tolerance to the ALS-inhibiting class of herbicides.
[0143] A further aspect of the instant invention is a method of
protecting natural substances of vegetable or animal origin or
their processed forms, which have been taken from the natural life
cycle, which comprises applying to said natural substances of
vegetable or animal origin or their processed forms a combination
of compounds (A) and (B) in a synergistically effective amount.
[0144] A preferred embodiment is a method of protecting natural
substances of vegetable origin or their processed forms, which have
been taken from the natural life cycle, which comprises applying to
said natural substances of vegetable origin or their processed
forms a combination of compounds (A) and (B) in a synergistically
effective amount.
[0145] A further preferred embodiment is a method of protecting
fruit, preferably pomes, stone fruits, soft fruits and citrus
fruits, or their processed forms, which have been taken from the
natural life cycle, which comprises applying to said natural
substances of vegetable origin or their processed forms a
combination of compounds (A) and (B) in a synergistically effective
amount.
[0146] The combinations or compositions of the present invention
may also be used in the field of protecting technical material
against attack of fungi. According to the instant invention, the
term "technical material" includes paper; carpets; constructions;
cooling and heating systems; wall-boards; ventilation and air
conditioning systems and the like. The combinations according the
present invention can prevent disadvantageous effects such as
decay, discoloration or mold. Preferably "storage goods" is
understood to denote wall-boards.
[0147] The method of treatment according to the invention can also
be used in the field of protecting storage goods against attack of
fungi. According to the instant invention, the term "storage goods"
is understood to denote natural substances of vegetable or animal
origin and their processed forms, which have been taken from the
natural life cycle and for which long-term protection is desired.
Storage goods of vegetable origin, such as plants or parts thereof,
for example stalks, leafs, tubers, seeds, fruits or grains, can be
protected in the freshly harvested state or in processed form, such
as pre-dried, moistened, comminuted, ground, pressed or roasted.
Also falling under the definition of storage goods is timber,
whether in the form of crude timber, such as construction timber,
electricity pylons and barriers, or in the form of finished
articles, such as furniture or objects made from wood. Storage
goods of animal origin are hides, leather, furs, hairs and the
like. The combinations according the present invention can prevent
disadvantageous effects such as decay, discoloration or mold.
Preferably "storage goods" is understood to denote natural
substances of vegetable origin and their processed forms, more
preferably fruits and their processed forms, such as pomes, stone
fruits, soft fruits and citrus fruits and their processed
forms.
[0148] In another preferred embodiment of the invention "storage
goods" is understood to denote wood. The fungicide combination or
composition according to the invention may also be used against
fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber. The term
"timber" means all types of species of wood, and all types of
working of this wood intended for construction, for example solid
wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood. The method
for treating timber according to the invention mainly consists in
contacting one or more compounds according to the invention, or a
composition according to the invention; this includes for example
direct application, spraying, dipping, injection or any other
suitable means.
[0149] Numerous fungi are serious pests of economically important
agricultural crops. Further, crop contamination by fungal toxins is
a major problem for agriculture throughout the world.
[0150] Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, patulin,
fumonisins, zearalenones, and trichothecenes, are toxic fungal
metabolites, often found in agricultural products that are
characterized by their ability to cause health problems for humans
and vertebrates. They are produced for example by different
Fusarium and Aspergillus, Penicillium and Alternaria species.
[0151] Aflatoxins are toxins produced by Aspergillus species that
grow on several crops, in particular on maize or corn before and
after harvest of the crop as well as during storage. The
biosynthesis of aflatoxins involves a complex polyketide pathway
starting with acetate and malonate. One important intermediate is
sterigmatocystin and O-methylsterigmatocystin which are direct
precursors of aflatoxins. Important producers of aflatoxins are
Aspergillus flavus, most strains of Aspergillus parasiticus,
Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus bombycis, Aspergillus
pseudotamarii, Aspergillus ochraceoroseus, Aspergillus rambelli,
Emericella astellata, Emericella venezuelensis, Bipolaris spp.,
Chaetomium spp., Farrowia spp., and Monocillium spp., in particular
Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus (Plant Breeding
(1999), 118, pp 1-16). There are also additional Aspergillus
species known. The group of aflatoxins consists of more than 20
different toxins, in particular aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2,
cyclopiazonic acid (CPA).
[0152] Ochratoxins are mycotoxins produced by some Aspergillus
species and Penicilium species, like A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius
or P. viridicatum, Examples for Ochratoxins are ochratoxin A, B,
and C. Ochratoxin A is the most prevalent and relevant fungal toxin
of this group.
[0153] Fumonisins are toxins produced by Fusarium species that grow
on several crops, mainly corn, before and after harvest of the crop
as well as during storage. The diseases, Fusarium kernel, ear and
stalk rot of corn, is caused by Fusarium verticillioides, F.
subglutinans, F. moniliforme, and F. prolifeatum. The main
mycotoxins of these species are the fumonisins, of which more than
ten chemical forms have been isolated. Examples for fumonisins are
FB1, FB2 and FB3. In addition the above mentioned Fusarium species
of corn can also produce the mycotoxins moniliformin and
beauvericin. In particular Fusarium verticillioides is mentioned as
an important pathogen of corn, this Fusarium species produces as
the main mycotoxin fumonisins of the B-type.
[0154] Trichothecenes are those mycotoxins of primary concern which
can be found in Fusarium diseases of small grain cereals like
wheat, barley, rye, triticale, rice, sorghum and oat. They are
sesquiterpene epoxide mycotoxins produced by species of Fusarium,
Trichothecium, and Myrothecium and act as potent inhibitors of
eukaryotic protein synthesis.
[0155] Some of these trichothecene producing Fusarium species also
infect corn or maize.
[0156] Examples of trichothecene mycotoxins include T-2 toxin, HT-2
toxin, isotrichodermol, DAS, 3-deacetylcalonectrin,
3,15-dideacetylcalonectrin, scirpentriol, neosolaniol;
15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol,
4-acetylnivalenol (fusarenone-X), 4,15-diacetylnivalenol,
4,7,15-acetylnivalenol, and deoxynivalenol (hereinafter "DON") and
their various acetylated derivatives. The most common trichothecene
in Fusarium head blight is DON produced for example by Fusarium
graminearum and F. culmorum.
[0157] Another mycotoxin mainly produced by F. culmorum, F.
graminearum and F. cerealis is zearalenone, a phenolic resorcyclic
acid lactone that is primarily an estrogenic fungal metabolite.
[0158] Fusarium species that produce mycotoxins, such as fumonisins
and trichothecenes, include F. acuminatum, F. crookwellense, F.,
verticillioides, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F.
moniliforme, F, graminearnum (Gibberella zeae), F. lateritium, F.
pose, F. sambucinum (G. pulicaris), F. proliferatum, F.
subglutinans, F. sporotrichioides and other Fusarium species.
[0159] In contrast the species Microdochium nivale also a member of
the so-called Fusarium complex is known to not produce any
mycotoxins.
[0160] Both acute and chronic mycotoxicoses in farm animals and in
humans have been associated with consumption of wheat, rye, barley,
oats, rice and maize contaminated with Fusarium species that
produce trichothecene mycotoxins. Experiments with chemically pure
trichothecenes at low dosage levels have reproduced many of the
features observed in moldy grain toxicoses in animals, including
anemia and immunosuppression, haemorrage, emesis and feed refusal.
Historical and epidemiological data from human populations indicate
an association between certain disease epidemics and consumption of
grain infected with Fusarium species that produce trichothecenes.
In particular, outbreaks of a fatal disease known as alimentary
toxic aleukia, which has occurred in Russia since the nineteenth
century, have been associated with consumption of over-wintered
grains contaminated with Fusarium species that produce the
trichothecene T-2 toxin. In Japan, outbreaks of a similar disease
called akakabi-byo or red mold disease have been associated with
grain infected with Fusarium species that produce the
trichothecene, DON. Trichothecenes were detected in the toxic grain
samples responsible for recent human disease outbreaks in India and
Japan. There exists, therefore, a need for agricultural methods for
preventing, and crops having reduced levels of, mycotoxin
contamination.
[0161] Further, mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species are
destructive pathogens and attack a wide range of plant species. The
acute phytotoxicity of mycotoxins and their occurrence in plant
tissues also suggests that these mycotoxins play a role in the
pathogenesis of Fusarium on plants. This implies that mycotoxins
play a role in disease and, therefore, reducing their toxicity to
the plant may also prevent or reduce disease in the plant. Further,
reduction in disease levels may have the additional benefit of
reducing mycotoxin contamination on the plant and particularly in
grain where the plant is a cereal plant.
[0162] Among the diseases of plants or crops that can be controlled
by the method according to the invention, mention may be made
of:
Powdery Mildew Diseases Such as
[0163] Blumeria diseases caused for example by Blumeria graminis
Podosphaera diseases caused for example by Podosphaera leucotricha
Sphaerotheca diseases caused for example by Sphaerotheca fuliginea
Uncinula diseases caused for example by Uncinula necator
Rust Diseases Such as
[0164] Gymnosporangium diseases caused for example by
Gymnosporangium sabinae Hemileia diseases caused for example by
Hemileia vastatrix Phakopsora diseases caused for example by
Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae Puccinia diseases
caused for example by Puccinia recondite, and Puccinia triticina;
Uromyces diseases caused for example by Uromyces appendiculatus
Oomycete Diseases Such as
[0165] Bremia diseases caused for example by Bremia lactucae
Peronospora diseases caused for example by Peronospora pisi and
Peronospora brassicae Phytophthora diseases caused for example by
Phytophthora infestans Plasmopara diseases caused for example by
Plasmopara viticola Pseudoperonospora diseases caused for example
by Pseudoperonospora humuli and Pseudoperonospora cubensis Pythium
diseases caused for example by Pythium ultimum
Leafspot, Leaf Blotch and Leaf Blight Diseases Such as
[0166] Alternaria diseases caused for example by Alternaria solani
Cercospora diseases caused for example by Cercospora beticola
Cladiosporium diseases caused for example by Cladiosporium
cucumerinum Cochliobolus diseases caused for example by
Cochliobolus sativus (Conidiaform: Drechslera, Syn:
Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum diseases caused for example by
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Cycloconium diseases caused for
example by Cycloconium oleaginum Diaporthe diseases caused for
example by Diaporthe citri Elsinoe diseases caused for example by
Elsinoe fawcettii Gloeosporium diseases caused for example by
Gloeosporium laeticolor Glomerella diseases caused for example by
Glomerella cingulata Guignardia diseases caused for example by
Guignardia bidwellii Leptosphaeria diseases caused for example by
Leptosphaeria maculans Magnaporthe diseases caused for example by
Magnaporthe grisea Mycosphaerella diseases caused for example by
Mycosphaerella graminicola and Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Phaeosphaeria diseases caused for example by Phaeosphaeria nodorum
Pyrenophora diseases caused for example by Pyrenophora teres
Ramularia diseases caused for example by Ramularia collo-cygni
Rhynchosporium diseases caused for example by Rhynchosporium
secalis Septoria diseases caused for example by Septoria apii;
Typhula diseases caused for example by Thyphula incarnata Venturia
diseases caused for example by Venturia inaequalis
Root- and Stem Diseases Such as
[0167] Corticium diseases caused for example by Corticium
graminearum Fusarium diseases caused for example by Fusarium
oxysporum Gaeumannomyces diseases caused for example by
Gacumannomyces graminis Rhizoctonia diseases caused for example by
Rhizoctonia solani Oculimacula (Tapesia) diseases caused for
example by Oculimacula Tapesia acuformis Thielaviopsis diseases
caused for example by Thielaviopsis basicola
Ear and Panicle Diseases Including Maize Cob Such as
[0168] Alternaria diseases caused for example by Alternaria spp.
Aspergillus diseases caused for example by Aspergillus flavus
Cladosporium diseases caused for example by Cladiosporium
cladosporioides Claviceps diseases caused for example by Claviceps
purpurea Fusarium diseases caused for example by Fusarium culmorum
Gibberella diseases caused for example by Gibberella zeae
Monographella diseases caused for example by Monographella
nivalis
Smut- and Bunt Diseases Such as
[0169] Sphacelotheca diseases caused for example by Sphacelotheca
reiliana Tilletia diseases caused for example by Tilletia caries
Urocystis diseases Urocystis occulta Ustilago diseases caused for
example by Ustilago nuda;
Fruit Rot and Mould Diseases Such as
[0170] Aspergillus diseases caused for example by Aspergillus
flavus Botrytis diseases caused for example by Botrytis cinerea
Penicillium diseases caused for example by Penicillium expansum and
Penicillium purpurogenum Sclerotinia diseases caused for example by
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Verticillium diseases caused for example
by Verticillium alboatrum
Seed- and Soilborne Decay, Mould, Wilt, Rot and Damping-Off
Diseases
[0171] Fusarium diseases caused for example by Fusarium culmorum
Phytophthora diseases caused for example by Phytophthora cactorum
Pythium diseases caused for example by Pythium ultimum Rhizoctonia
diseases caused for example by Rhizoctonia solani Sclerotium
diseases caused for example by Sclerotium rolfsii
Canker, Broom and Dieback Diseases Such as
[0172] Nectria diseases caused for example by Nectria galligena
Blight Diseases Such as
[0173] Monilinia diseases caused for example by Monilinia laxa
Leaf Blister or Leaf Curl Diseases Including Deformation of Blooms
and Fruits Such as
[0174] Taphrina diseases caused for example by Taphrina
deformans
Decline Diseases of Wooden Plants Such as
[0175] Esca disease caused for example by Phaeomoniella
clamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Fomitiporia
mediterranea
Diseases of Flowers and Seeds Such as
[0176] Botrytis diseases caused for example by Botrytis cinerma
Diseases of Tubers Such as
[0177] Rhizoctonia diseases caused for example by Rhizoctonia
solani Helminthosporium diseases caused for example by
Helminthosporium solani Diseases caused by Bacterial Organisms Such
as Xanthomanas species for example Xanthomonas campestris pv.
Oryzae Pseudomonas species for example Pseudomonas syringae pv.
Lachrymans Erwinia species for example Erwinia amylovora.
[0178] The active compound combinations or compositions related to
this invention are preferably used to control the following
diseases:
[0179] Aspergillus flavus, most strains of Aspergillus parasiticus,
Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus bombycis, Aspergillus
pseudotamarii, Aspergillus ochraceoroseus, Aspergillus rambelli,
Emericella astellata, Emericella venezuelensis, Bipolaris spp.,
Chaetomium spp., Farrowia spp., and Monocillium spp., in particular
Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, Fusarium
graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium cerealis Fusarium
acuminatum, Fusarium crookwellense, Fusarium verticillioides,
Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium
moniliforme, Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae), Fusarium
lateritium, Fusarium poae, Fusarium sambucinum (G. pulicaris),
Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium
sporotrichioides and other Fusarium species.
[0180] The method of treatment according to the invention also
provides the use of compounds (A) and (B) in a simultaneous,
separate or sequential manner.
[0181] The dose of active compound usually applied in the method of
treatment according to the invention is generally and
advantageously [0182] for foliar treatments: from 0.1 to 10,000
g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1,000 g/ha, more preferably from 50 to
300 g/ha; in case of drench or drip application, the dose can even
be reduced, especially while using inert substrates like rockwool
or perlite; [0183] for seed treatment: from 2 to 200 g per 100
kilogram of seed, preferably from 3 to 150 g per 100 kilogram of
seed; [0184] for soil treatment: from 0.1 to 10,000 g/ha,
preferably from 1 to 5,000 g/ha.
[0185] The doses herein indicated are given as illustrative
examples of the method according to the invention. A person skilled
in the art will know how to adapt the application doses, notably
according to the nature of the plant or crop to be treated.
[0186] The compounds or mixtures according to the invention may
also be used for the preparation of composition useful to
curatively or preventively treat human or animal fungal diseases
such as, for example, mycoses, dermatoses, trichophyton diseases
and candidiases or diseases caused by Aspergillus spp., for example
Aspergillus fumigatus.
Treatment of Seeds
[0187] The invention comprises a procedure in which the seed is
treated at the same time with a compound of Group (A) and a
compound selected from group (B). It further comprises a method in
which the seed is treated with compound of Group (A) and a compound
selected from group (B) separately.
[0188] The invention also comprises a seed, which has been treated
with a compound of Group (A) and a compound selected from group (B)
at the same time. The invention also comprises a seed, which has
been treated with a compound of Group (A) and a compound selected
from group (B) separately. For the latter seed, the active
ingredients can be applied in separate layers. These layers can
optionally be separated by an additional layer that may or may not
contain an active ingredient.
[0189] The mixtures of the invention are particularly suitable for
the treatment of seeds. A large part of the damage caused by pests
on cultigens occurs by infestation of the seed during storage and
after sowing the seed in the ground as well as during and after
germination of the plants. This phase is especially critical since
the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly
sensitive and even a small amount of damage can lead to withering
of the whole plant. There is therefore considerable interest in
protecting the seed and the germinating plant by the use of
suitable agents.
[0190] The control of pests by treatment of the seeds of plants has
been known for a considerable time and is the object of continuous
improvement. However, there are a number of problems in the
treatment of seed that cannot always be satisfactorily solved.
Therefore it is worthwhile to develop methods for the protection of
seeds and germinating plants which makes the additional application
of plant protection agents after seeding or after germination of
the plants superfluous. It is further worthwhile to optimize the
amount of the applied active material such that the seed and the
germinating plants are protected against infestation by pests as
best as possible without the plants themselves being damaged by the
active compound applied. In particular, methods for the treatment
seed should also take into account the intrinsic insecticidal
properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve optimal
protection of the seed and germinating plants with a minimal
expenditure of plant protection agents.
[0191] The present invention relates therefore especially to a
method for the protection of seed and germinating plants from
infestation with pests in that the seed is treated with the
combination/composition of the invention. In addition the invention
relates also to the use of the combination/composition of the
invention for the treatment seed for protection of the seed and the
germinating plants from pests. Furthermore the invention relates to
seed which was treated with an combination/composition of the
invention for protection from pests.
[0192] One of the advantages of the invention is because of the
special systemic properties of the combination/composition of the
invention treatment with these combination/composition protects not
only the seed itself from pests but also the plants emerging after
sprouting. In this way the direct treatment of the culture at the
time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be omitted.
[0193] A further advantage is the synergistic increase in
insecticidal activity of the combination/composition of the
invention in comparison to the respective individual active
compounds, which extends beyond the sum of the activity of both
individually applied active compounds. In this way an optimization
of the amount of active compound applied is made possible.
[0194] It is also be regarded as advantageous that the mixtures of
the invention can also be used in particular with transgenic seeds
whereby the plants emerging from this seed are capable of the
expression of a protein directed against pests. By treatment of
such seed with the agents of the invention certain pests can
already be controlled by expression of the, for example,
insecticidal protein, and it is additionally surprising that a
synergistic activity supplementation occurs with the agents of the
invention, which improves still further the effectiveness of the
protection from pest infestation.
[0195] The agents of the invention are suitable for the protection
of seed of plant varieties of all types as already described which
are used in agriculture, in greenhouses, in forestry, in garden
construction or in vineyards. In particular, this concerns seed of
maize, peanut, canola, rape, poppy, olive, coconut, cacao, soy,
cotton, beet, (e.g. sugar beet and feed beet), rice, millet, wheat,
barley, oats, rye, sunflower, sugar cane or tobacco. The
combination/compositions of the invention are also suitable for the
treatment of the seed of fruit plants and vegetables as previously
described. Particular importance is attached to the treatment of
the seed of maize, soy, cotton, wheat and canola or rape.
[0196] As already described, the treatment of transgenic seed with
a combination/composition of the invention is of particular
importance. This concerns the seeds of plants which generally
contain at least one heterologous gene that controls the expression
of a polypeptide with special insecticidal properties. The
heterologous gene in transgenic seed can originate from
microorganisms such as Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia,
Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium. The present
invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of transgenic
seed that contains at least one heterologous gene that originates
from Bacillus sp. and whose gene product exhibits activity against
the European corn borer and/or western corn rootworm. Particularly
preferred is a heterologous gene that originates from Bacillus
thuringiensis.
[0197] Within the context of the present invention the
combination/composition of the invention is applied to the seed
alone or in a suitable formulation. Preferably the seed is handled
in a state in which it is so stable, that no damage occurs during
treatment. In general treatment of the seed can be carried out at
any time between harvest and sowing. Normally seed is used that was
separated from the plant and has been freed of spadix, husks,
stalks, pods, wool or fruit flesh. Use of seed that was harvested,
purified, and dried to moisture content of below 15% w/w.
Alternatively, seed treated with water after drying and then dried
again can also be used.
[0198] In general care must be taken during the treatment of the
seed that the amount of the combination/composition of the
invention and/or further additive applied to the seed is so chosen
that the germination of the seed is not impaired and the emerging
plant is not damaged. This is to be noted above all with active
compounds which can show phytotoxic effects when applied in certain
amounts.
[0199] The combination/compositions of the invention can be applied
directly, that is without containing additional components and
without being diluted. It is normally preferred to apply the
combination/composition to the seed in the form of a suitable
formulation. Suitable formulations and methods for seed treatment
are known to the person skilled in the art.
[0200] According to another aspect of the present invention, in the
combination or composition according to the invention, the compound
ratio A/B may be advantageously chosen so as to produce a
synergistic effect. The term synergistic effect is understood to
mean in particular that defined by Colby in an article entitled
"Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of
herbicide combinations" Weeds, (1967), 15, pages 20-22.
[0201] The latter article mentions the formula:
E = X + Y - XY 100 ##EQU00001##
wherein E represents the expected percentage of inhibition of the
pest for the combination of the two compounds at defined doses (for
example equal to x and y respectively), X is the percentage of
inhibition observed for the pest by compound (A) at a defined dose
(equal to x), Y is the percentage of inhibition observed for the
pest by compound (B) at a defined dose (equal to y). When the
percentage of inhibition observed for the combination is greater
than E, there is a synergistic effect.
[0202] The term "synergistic effect" also means the effect defined
by application of the Tammes method, "Isoboles, a graphic
representation of synergism in pesticides", Netherlands Journal of
Plant Pathology, 70 (1964), pages 73-80.
BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES
[0203] Here, the efficacy is determined in %. 0% means an efficacy
which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of
100% means that no infection is observed.
[0204] If the actual fungicidal action exceeds the calculated
value, the action of the combination is superadditive, i.e. a
synergistic effect is present. In this case, the actually observed
efficacy must exceed the value calculated using the above formula
for the expected efficacy (E).
[0205] The invention is illustrated by the examples below. However,
the invention is not limited to the examples.
Example A
Pyrenophora teres-Test (Barley)/Preventive
[0206] Solvent: 49 parts by weight of n,n-dimethylacadd Emulsifier:
1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
[0207] To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part
by weight of active compound or active compound combination is
mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the
concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
[0208] To test for preventive activity, young plants are sprayed
with the preparation of active compound or active compound
combination at the stated rate of application.
[0209] After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are
sprayed with a spore suspension of Pyrenophora teres. The plants
remain for 48 hours in an incubation cabinet at approximately
20.degree. C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately
100%.
[0210] The plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of
approximately 20.degree. C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of
approximately 80%.
[0211] The test is evaluated 8 days after the inoculation. 0% means
an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, while an
efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE A Pyrenophora teres-test (barley)/preventive
Application Ratio rate of active of compound in Efficacy in %
Active compounds mixture g/ha found* calc.** ##STR00005## 62.5 40
##STR00006## 125 70 I-a + 1.41 } 1:2 62.5 + 125 100 82 *found =
activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby[3 s
formula
Example B
Blumeria Test (Barley)/Preventive
[0212] Solvent: 49 parts by weight of n,n-dimethylacetamid
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
[0213] To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part
by weight of active compound or active compound combination is
mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the
concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
[0214] To test for preventive activity, young plants are sprayed
with the preparation of active compound or active compound
combination at the stated rate of application.
[0215] After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are
dusted with spores of Blumeria gramiais f.sp. hordel.
[0216] The plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of
approximately 18.degree. C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of
approximately 80% to promote the development of mildew
pustules.
[0217] The test is evaluated 7 days after the inoculation. 0% means
an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, while an
efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE B Blumeria-test (barley)/preventative
Application rate of active Ratio of compound in Efficacy in %
Active compounds mixture g/ha found* calc.** ##STR00007## 62.5 40
##STR00008## 62.5 80 I-a + 3.17 } 1:1 62.5 + 62.5 100 88 *found =
activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby's
formula
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE C Blumeria-test (barley)/preventive
Application rate of active Ratio of compound in Efficacy in %
Active compounds mixture g/ha found* calc.** ##STR00009## 62.5 40
##STR00010## 62.5 10 I-a + 2.2 } 1:1 62.5 + 62.5 100 46 *found =
activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby's
formula
* * * * *
References