U.S. patent application number 14/003496 was filed with the patent office on 2013-12-26 for uses of a dual v region antibody-like protein.
This patent application is currently assigned to SANOFI. The applicant listed for this patent is Florent Bender, Danxi Li, Anne Minnich, Amirtha Naadimuthu, Ercole Rao, Brian N. Swanson, Lei Tang, Haixin Yu. Invention is credited to Florent Bender, Danxi Li, Anne Minnich, Amirtha Naadimuthu, Ercole Rao, Brian N. Swanson, Lei Tang, Haixin Yu.
Application Number | 20130344074 14/003496 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46831092 |
Filed Date | 2013-12-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130344074 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bender; Florent ; et
al. |
December 26, 2013 |
USES OF A DUAL V REGION ANTIBODY-LIKE PROTEIN
Abstract
Uses of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a
dual V region antibody-like region.
Inventors: |
Bender; Florent;
(Bedminster, NJ) ; Li; Danxi; (Skillman, NJ)
; Minnich; Anne; (Flemington, NJ) ; Naadimuthu;
Amirtha; (Pennington, NJ) ; Rao; Ercole;
(Moerfelden-Walldorf, DE) ; Swanson; Brian N.;
(Robesonia, PA) ; Tang; Lei; (Belle Mead, NJ)
; Yu; Haixin; (Scotch Plains, NJ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Bender; Florent
Li; Danxi
Minnich; Anne
Naadimuthu; Amirtha
Rao; Ercole
Swanson; Brian N.
Tang; Lei
Yu; Haixin |
Bedminster
Skillman
Flemington
Pennington
Moerfelden-Walldorf
Robesonia
Belle Mead
Scotch Plains |
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
PA
NJ
NJ |
US
US
US
US
DE
US
US
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
SANOFI
Paris
FR
|
Family ID: |
46831092 |
Appl. No.: |
14/003496 |
Filed: |
March 15, 2012 |
PCT Filed: |
March 15, 2012 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2012/029147 |
371 Date: |
September 6, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61453275 |
Mar 16, 2011 |
|
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61537243 |
Sep 21, 2011 |
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61557635 |
Nov 9, 2011 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/136.1 ;
530/387.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 7/00 20180101; A61P
37/06 20180101; C07K 2317/565 20130101; C07K 2317/73 20130101; C07K
2317/94 20130101; A61P 11/00 20180101; C07K 16/468 20130101; A61P
11/08 20180101; C07K 16/244 20130101; A61P 37/00 20180101; C07K
2317/24 20130101; C07K 2317/64 20130101; A61K 2039/505 20130101;
C07K 2317/31 20130101; C07K 2317/62 20130101; A61P 11/06 20180101;
A61P 37/08 20180101; C07K 2317/75 20130101; C07K 2317/76 20130101;
C07K 16/247 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/136.1 ;
530/387.3 |
International
Class: |
C07K 16/24 20060101
C07K016/24 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 21, 2011 |
FR |
1162177 |
Claims
1. A maximal safe therapeutic dose of a dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13 to a human subject having an
area under the plasma concentration versus time curve calculated
using the trapezoidal method from time zero to real time
(AUC.sub.last) from about 433 ugh/ml to about 14200 ugh/ml.
2. A maximal safe therapeutic dose of a dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13 to a human subject having an
area under the plasma concentration versus time curve extrapolated
to infinity (AUC) from about 459 ugh/ml to about 14500 ugh/ml.
3. A maximal safe therapeutic dose of a dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13 to a human subject having a
maximum plasma concentration observed (C.sub.max) from about 0.717
ug/ml to about 28.7 ug/ml.
4. A maximal safe therapeutic dose of a dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13 to a human subject having a
first time to reach a maximum plasma concentration (t.sub.max) from
about 96 hr to about 168 hr.
5.-12. (canceled)
13. A method of treating a disease mediated by IL-4 or IL-13 or
IL-4 and IL-13 in a mammal which comprises administering an amount
of a dual V region-like antibody protein or a fragment of a dual V
region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4 and
IL-13 in a single dose for a time sufficient to produce a plasma
concentration versus time curve calculated using the trapezoidal
method from time zero to real time (AUC.sub.last) from about 433
ugh/ml to about 14200 ugh/ml.
14. A method of treating a disease mediated by IL-4 or IL-13 or
IL-4 and IL-13 in a mammal which comprises administering an amount
of a dual V region-like antibody protein or a fragment of a dual V
region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4 and
IL-13 in a single dose for a time sufficient to produce an area
under the plasma concentration versus time curve extrapolated to
infinity (AUC) from about 459 ugh/ml to about 14500 ugh/ml.
15. A method of treating a disease mediated by IL-4 or IL-13 or
IL-4 and IL-13 in a mammal which comprises administering an amount
of a dual V region-like antibody protein or a fragment of a dual V
region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4 and
IL-13 in a single dose for a time sufficient to produce a maximum
plasma concentration observed (C.sub.max) from about 0.717 ug/ml to
about 28.7 ug/ml.
16. A method of treating a disease mediated by IL-4 or IL-13 or
IL-4 and IL-13 in a mammal which comprises administering an amount
of a dual V region-like antibody protein or a fragment of a dual V
region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4 and
IL-13 in a single dose for a time sufficient to produce a maximum
plasma concentration (t.sub.max) from about 96 hr to about 168 hr.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has a
broad spectrum of biological effects on lymphoid B and T cells, and
many non-lymphoid cells including monocytes, endothelial cells and
fibroblasts. For example, IL-4 stimulates the proliferation of
several IL-2- and IL-3-dependent cell lines, induces the expression
of class II major histocompatability complex molecules on resting B
cells, and enhances the secretion of IgG4 and IgE by human B cells.
IL-4 is associated with a Th2-type immune response, and is produced
by and promotes differentiation of Th2 cells. IL-4 has been
implicated in a number of disorders, such as allergy and
asthma.
[0002] IL-13 is a recently identified (Minty, A. et al., Nature,
1993, 362, 248-250, and McKenzie, A. N. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. U.S.A, 1993, 90, 3735-3739) cytokine of 112 amino acids
secreted by the activated T lymphocytes, the B lymphocytes and the
mastocytes after activation. By virtue of its numerous biological
properties shared with IL-4, IL-13 has been described as an
IL-4-like cytokine. Its activities are indeed similar to those of
IL-4 on the B cells (Defrance, T. et al., J. Exp. Med., 1994, 179,
135-143, Punnonen, J. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA), 1993,
90, 3730-3734, Fior, R. et al., Eur. Cytokine Network, 1994, 5,
593-600), the monocytes (Muzio, M. R. F. et al., Blood, 1994, 83,
1738-1743, De Waal Malefyt, R. et al., J. Immunol, 1993, 151,
6370-6381, Doyle, A. et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1994, 24, 1441-1445,
Montaner, L. J. et al., J. Exp. Med., 1993, 178, 743-747, Sozzani,
P. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270, 5084-5088) and other
non-haematopoietic cells (Herbert, J. M. et al., Febs Lett., 1993,
328, 268-270, and Derocq, J. M. et al., Febs Lett. 1994, 343,
32-36). On the other hand, contrary to IL-4, it does not exert a
specific effect on resting or activated T cells (Zurawuki, G. et
al., Immunol. Today, 1994, 15, 19-26).
[0003] Various biological activities of IL-13 on the
monocytes/macrophages, the B lymphocytes and certain haematopoietic
precursors have been described in detail by A. J. Minty as well as
in review articles on IL-13. Several data indicate, in addition,
that this cytokine has a pleiotropic effect on other cell types.
These non-haematopoietic cells which are directly affected by IL-13
are endothelial and microglial cells, keratinocytes and kidney and
colon carcinomas.
[0004] One of the stages in the analysis of the signal transmitted
by a biological molecule within a cell consists in identifying its
membrane receptor. The research studies carried out to this end on
the IL-13 receptor have shown that IL-13 and IL-4 have a common
receptor, or at the very least some of the components of a common
receptor complex, as well as common signal transduction elements
(Zurawski S. M. et al., Embo Journal, 1993, 12, 2663-2670, Aversa,
G. et al., J. Exp. Med., 1993, 178, 2213-2218, Vita, N. et al.,
Biol. Chem., 1995, 270, 3512-3517, Lefort, S. et al., Febs Lett.,
1995, 366, 122-126). This receptor is present at the surface of
various cell types, in a variable number according to the cell type
considered. The comparative distribution of the IL-13 and IL-4
receptors has been indicated by A. J. Minty (Interleukin-13 for
Cytokines in Health and Disease. Eds D. G. Remick and J. S. Frie,
Marcel Decker, N.Y. 1996).
[0005] The cell surface receptors and receptor complexes bind IL-4
and/or IL-13 with different affinities. The principle components of
receptors and receptor complexes that bind IL-4 and/or IL-13 are
IL-4R.alpha., IL-13R.alpha.1 and IL-13R.alpha.2. These chains are
expressed on the surface of cells as monomers or heterodimers of
IL-4R.alpha./IL-13R.alpha.1 (Type II IL-4R) or IL-4R.alpha./c (Type
I IL-4R). IL-4R.alpha. monomer and IL-4R/c heterodimer bind IL-4,
but not IL-13. IL-13R.alpha.1 and IL-13R.alpha.2 monomers bind
IL-13, but do not bind IL-4. IL-4R.alpha./IL-13R.alpha.1
heterodimer binds both IL-4 and IL-13 (Murata et al., Int. J.
Hematol., 1999, 69, 13-20).
[0006] Th2-type immune responses promote antibody production and
humoral immunity, and are elaborated to fight off extracellular
pathogens. Th2 cells are mediators of Ig production (humoral
immunity) and produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-13
(Tanaka, et, al., Cytokine Regulation of Humoral Immunity, 251-272,
Snapper, ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York (1996)). Th2-type
immune responses are characterized by the generation of certain
cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-13) and specific types of antibodies
(IgE, IgG4) and are typical of allergic reactions, which may result
in watery eyes and asthmatic symptoms, such as airway inflammation
and contraction of airway muscle cells in the lungs.
[0007] Both IL-4 and IL-13 are therapeutically important cytokines
based on their biological functions and play critical roles in many
diseases, including asthma (Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005,
Vo. 5, 161-166). IL-4 has been shown to be able to inhibit
autoimmune disease and IL-4 and IL-13 have both shown the potential
to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Elevations in IL-4 and
IL-13 and their receptors have been linked to the pathogenesis of
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (Jakubzick C. et al., Am J.
Pathol. 2004:164(6):1989-2001; Murray L A et al. Int J Biochem Cell
Biol. 2008:40(10):2174-82. Evidence in the literature demonstrate
that the TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 play multiple roles in the
pathogenesis of IPF as mediators of this lung tissue remodeling and
fibrosis. Although the Th2-type CD4+ t cells in the lung are likely
the predominant sources of IL-4 and IL-13, and are implicated as
important regulators of extracellular matrix remodeling (Wynn, T A,
Naat. Rev. Immunol, 4:583-594, 2004), other cell types including
mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, macrophages and epithelial
cells may also be potential sources of these cytokines (Gordon S
and Martinez F O, Immunity Rev. 32:593-604, 2010). In IPF patients,
IL-13 and IL-4 levels in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid are
elevated compared to normal controls. Such evidence suggests that
therapies capable of suppressing or neutralizing these cytokines
have the potential for delaying the progression of fibrosis in IPF
patients. Since both cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of
allergic diseases or fibrotic diseases, inhibitors of these
cytokines could provide therapeutic benefits.
[0008] Accordingly, a need exists for improved agents that inhibit
IL-4, inhibit IL-13, and single agents that inhibit both IL-4 and
IL-13 that are non-immunogenic and safe for use in humans. We
previously reported on a dual V region antibody like binding
peptide having four binding sites that specifically bind to IL-4
and IL-13 (WO2009/052081 (PCT/US2008/079787), which is incorporated
by reference in its entirety.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] An embodiment of the invention is a maximal safe therapeutic
dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a
dual V region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4
and IL-13 to a human subject having an area under the plasma
concentration versus time curve calculated using the trapezoidal
method from time zero to real time (AUC.sub.last) from about 433
ugh/ml to about 14200 ugh/ml. In a further embodiment of the
invention, the dual V region antibody-like protein or the fragment
of a dual V region antibody-like region comprises a variable light
chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3
and a variable heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID
NO:2 and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ
ID NO:3 are linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2
and SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a
further embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In
another embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is equal to or less
than about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the safe therapeutic
dose is selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg,
80 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
[0010] An embodiment of the invention is a maximal safe therapeutic
dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a
dual V region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4
and IL-13 to a human subject having an area under the plasma
concentration versus time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC) from
about 459 ugh/ml to about 670014500 ugh/ml. In a further embodiment
of the invention, the dual V region antibody-like protein or the
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region comprises a
variable light chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1
and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable heavy chain comprising amino acid
sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment,
SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are linked together with a peptide
linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the
peptide linker. In a further embodiment, the peptide linker
consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another embodiment, the safe
therapeutic dose is equal to or less than about 300 mg. In a
further embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is selected from the
group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 150 mg and 300
mg.
[0011] An embodiment of the invention is a maximal safe therapeutic
dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a
dual V region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4
and IL-13 to a human subject having a maximum plasma concentration
observed (C.sub.max) from about 0.717 ug/ml to about 28.7 ug/ml. In
a further embodiment of the invention, the dual V region
antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another
embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is equal to or less than
about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is
selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg,
150 mg and 300 mg.
[0012] An embodiment of the invention is a maximal safe therapeutic
dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a
dual V region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4
and IL-13 to a human subject having a first time to reach a maximum
plasma concentration (t.sub.max) from about 96 hr to about 168 hr.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the dual V region
antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another
embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is equal to or less than
about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is
selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg,
150 mg and 300 mg.
[0013] An embodiment of the invention is a maximal safe therapeutic
dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a
dual V region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4
and IL-13 to a human subject having H.sub.ast from about 1679 hr to
about 2020 hr. In a further embodiment of the invention, the dual V
region antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another
embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is equal to or less than
about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is
selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg,
150 mg and 300 mg.
[0014] An embodiment of the invention is a maximal safe therapeutic
dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a
dual V region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4
and IL-13 to a human subject having t.sub.1/2Z from about 244 hr to
about 536 hr. In a further embodiment of the invention, the dual V
region antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another
embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is equal to or less than
about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is
selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg,
150 mg and 300 mg.
[0015] An embodiment of the invention is a maximal safe therapeutic
dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a
dual V region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4
and IL-13 to a human subject having Vss/F from about 6830 ml to
about 18770 ml. In a further embodiment of the invention, the dual
V region antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another
embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is equal to or less than
about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is
selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg,
150 mg and 300 mg.
[0016] An embodiment of the invention is a maximal safe therapeutic
dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a
dual V region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4
and IL-13 to a human subject having CL/F from about 12.1 ml/hr to
about 38.4 ml/hr. In a further embodiment of the invention, the
dual V region antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V
region antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain
comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a
variable heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2
and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID
NO:3 are linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and
SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a
further embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In
another embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is equal to or less
than about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the safe therapeutic
dose is selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg,
80 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
[0017] An embodiment of the invention is a method of identifying or
monitoring the occurrence of a safe therapeutic dose of a dual V
region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13
having been administered to a human subject, said method comprising
(a) administering a dose of said dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region to
said human subject; (b) measuring one or more events selected from
the group consisting of intensive treatment in an emergency room or
at home for allergic bronchospasm, blood dyscrasias, convulsions,
alanine aminotransferase (ALT)>3.times. upper limit of normal
range (ULN) associated with total bilirubin >2.times.ULN,
asymptomatic ALT increase >10.times.ULN, development of drug
dependency or drug abuse, ALT increase.times.ULN, hsCRP>10 mg/L
for 72 hours, cardiac troponin I (cTnI)>2.times.ULN, a
ventricular depolarization and repolarization time (QT) on an
electrocardiogram (ECG) machine wherein the QT is automatically
corrected by the ECG machine (QTc) that is QTc 500 ms and severe
skin reactions local to the site of IP injection; and (c)
determining one or more said events as measured in (b) has not
occurred wherein said dose is identified as said safe therapeutic
dose having been administered to said human subject. In a further
embodiment of the invention, the dual V region antibody-like
protein or the fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region
comprises a variable light chain comprising amino acid sequences
SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable heavy chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further
embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are linked together with a
peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together
with the peptide linker. In a further embodiment, the peptide
linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another embodiment, the safe
therapeutic dose is equal to or less than about 300 mg. In a
further embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is selected from the
group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 150 mg and 300
mg.
[0018] An embodiment of the invention is a method monitoring
whether a therapeutic dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein
or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13 administered to a human
subject is safe, said method comprising (a) administering said
therapeutic dose of said dual V region antibody-like protein or a
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region to said human
subject; (b) measuring one or more events selected from the group
consisting of intensive treatment in an emergency room or at home
for allergic bronchospasm, blood dyscrasias, convulsions, alanine
aminotransferase (ALT)>3.times. upper limit of normal range
(ULN) associated with total bilirubin >2.times.ULN, asymptomatic
ALT increase >10.times.ULN, development of drug dependency or
drug abuse, ALT increase.times.ULN, hsCRP>10 mg/L for 72 hours,
cardiac troponin I (cTnI)>2.times.ULN, a ventricular
depolarization and repolariztion time (QT) on an electrocardiogram
(ECG) machine wherein the QT is automatically corrected by the ECG
machine (QTc) that is QTc 500 ms and severe skin reactions local to
the site of IP injection; and (c) determining one or more said
events as measured in (b) has occurred wherein said therapeutic
dose is identified as not safe and the therapeutic dose is
discontinued or lowered. In a further embodiment of the invention,
the dual V region antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V
region antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain
comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a
variable heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2
and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID
NO:3 are linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and
SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a
further embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In
another embodiment, the therapeutic dose is equal to or less than
about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the therapeutic dose is
selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg,
150 mg and 300 mg.
[0019] An embodiment of the invention is a method of selecting a
safe therapeutic dose or of monitoring the safe use of a
therapeutic dose of dual V region antibody-like protein or a
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that specifically
binds to IL-4 and IL-13 to a human subject, said method comprising
(a) administering a dose of said dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region to
said human subject; (b) measuring a level of C-reactive protein
(CRP) in a blood sample from said human subject; and (c)
determining said level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is less than 20
mg/L as measured in (b) wherein said dose is selected as said safe
therapeutic dose to be administered to said human subject. In a
further embodiment of the invention, the dual V region
antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another
embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is equal to or less than
about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is
selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg,
150 mg and 300 mg.
[0020] An embodiment of the invention is a method of selecting a
safe therapeutic dose or of monitoring the safe use of a
therapeutic dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that specifically
binds to IL-4 and IL-13 to a human subject, said method comprising
(a) administering a dose of said dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region to
said human subject; (b) measuring a ventricular depolarization and
repolariztion time (QT) on an electrocardiogram (ECG) machine
wherein the QT is automatically corrected by the ECG machine (QTc)
of said human subject; and (c) determining said QTC is less than
500 ms as measured in (b) wherein said dose is selected as said
safe therapeutic dose to be administered to said human subject. In
a further embodiment of the invention, the dual V region
antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another
embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is equal to or less than
about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the safe therapeutic dose is
selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg,
150 mg and 300 mg.
[0021] An embodiment of the invention is a method of determining
whether a therapeutic dose of a dual V region antibody-like protein
or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region is safe and
tolerable for administration to humans, the method comprising (a)
perform a non-immunogenicity study in a non-human primate; and (b)
determine a safe therapeutic dose in a human patient based on the
non-immunogenicity study in the non-human primate. In a further
embodiment of the invention, the dual V region antibody-like
protein or the fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region
comprises a variable light chain comprising amino acid sequences
SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable heavy chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further
embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are linked together with a
peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together
with the peptide linker. In a further embodiment, the peptide
linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another embodiment, the
therapeutic dose is equal to or less than about 300 mg. In a
further embodiment, the therapeutic dose is selected from the group
consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
[0022] An embodiment of the invention is a method of measuring
total amount of human antibody in a test sample, the method
comprising (a) providing a monoclonal anti-human kappa chain; (b)
adding a test sample to the monoclonal anti-human kappa chain; (c)
adding sulfo-tag labeled anti-human antibody to the monoclonal
anti-human kappa chain and the sample; and (d) quantifying the
amount of the tag-labeled anti-human antibody that is bound to the
sample wherein the amount of the tag-labeled anti-human antibody
bound to the test sample determines the total amount of human
antibody in the test sample. In further embodiment of the
invention, the anti-human kappa chain is attached to a capture
device.
[0023] An embodiment of the invention is a method of measuring a
proportion of bispecific antibody capable of binding IL-4 and IL13
present in a test sample, the method comprising (a) providing a
anti-human IL-4 antibody; (b) adding human IL-4 to the anti-human
IL-4 antibody; (c) adding a test sample comprising a bispecific
antibody capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13 to the human IL-4 and
the anti-human IL-4 antibody; (d) adding human IL-13 to the test
sample comprising a bispecific antibody capable of binding IL-4 and
IL-13 and the human IL-4 and the anti-human IL-4 antibody; (e)
adding biotinylated anti-human IL-13 antibody to the test sample
comprising a bispecific antibody capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13
and the human IL-4 and the anti-human IL-4 antibody; and (f) adding
tag-labeled streptavidin to the biotinylated anti-human IL-13
antibody and the test sample comprising a bispecific antibody
capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13 and the human IL-4 and the
anti-human IL-4 antibody; and (g) quantifying the amount of the
tag-labeled streptavidin that is bound to the biotinylated
anti-human IL-13 antibody wherein the amount of the tag-labeled
streptavidin bound determines the proportion of bispecific antibody
capable of binding IL-4 and IL13 present in the test sample. In a
further embodiment of the invention, the anti-human IL-4 antibody
is attached to a capture device. In a further embodiment of the
invention, the bispecific antibody comprises a variable light chain
comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a
variable heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2
and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID
NO:3 are linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and
SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a
further embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO:
6.
[0024] An embodiment of the invention is a method of measuring a
proportion of bispecific antibody capable of binding IL-4 and IL13
present in a test sample, the method comprising: (a) providing a
anti-human IL-13 antibody; (b) adding human IL-13 to the anti-human
IL-13 antibody; (c) adding a test sample comprising a bispecific
antibody capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13 to the human IL-13 and
the anti-human IL-13 antibody; (d) adding human IL-4 to the test
sample comprising a bispecific antibody capable of binding IL-4 and
IL-13 and the human IL-13 and the anti-human IL-13 antibody; (e)
adding biotinylated anti-human IL-4 antibody to the test sample
comprising a bispecific antibody capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13
and the human IL-13 and the anti-human IL-13 antibody; and (f)
adding tag-labeled streptavidin to the biotinylated anti-human IL-4
antibody and the test sample comprising a bispecific antibody
capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13 and the human IL-13 and the
anti-human IL-13 antibody; and (g) quantifying the amount of the
tag-labeled streptavidin that is bound to biotinylated anti-human
IL-4 antibody wherein the amount of the tag-labeled streptavidin
bound determines the proportion of bispecific antibody capable of
binding IL-4 and IL13 present in the test sample. In a further
embodiment of the invention, the anti-human IL-13 antibody is
attached to a capture device. In a further embodiment of the
invention, the bispecific antibody comprises a variable light chain
comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a
variable heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2
and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID
NO:3 are linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and
SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a
further embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO:
6.
[0025] An embodiment of the invention is a method of measuring
anti-drug antibodies in a test sample, the method comprising (a)
combining a test sample with a biotinylated bispecific antibody
capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13 and a tag-labeled bispecific
antibody capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13; (b) adding streptavidin
to the test sample and the biotinylated bispecific antibody capable
of binding IL-4 and IL-13 and the tag-labeled bispecific antibody
capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13; and (c) quantifying the amount
of the tag-labeled bispecific antibody capable of binding IL-4 and
IL-13 is bound wherein the amount of the tag-labeled bispecific
antibody capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13 bound determines the
amount of anti-drug antibodies human antibody in the test sample.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the streptavidin is
attached to a capture device.
[0026] An embodiment of the invention is a method of quantifying or
monitoring an amount of anti-drug antibodies in blood serum of a
human subject or a non-human primate following administration of
drug wherein the drug is a dual V region antibody-like protein or a
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that specifically
binds to IL-4 and IL-13, said method comprising: (a) administering
a dose of said dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of
a dual V region antibody-like region to said human subject or said
non-human primate; (b) obtaining a sample of said blood serum from
said human subject or said non-human primate; and (b) determining
the amount of anti-drug antibodies in said serum sample. In a
further embodiment of the invention, the dual V region
antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0027] An embodiment of the invention is a method of quantifying or
monitoring a total amount of a dual V region antibody-like protein
or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13 in blood serum of a human
subject or a non-human primate, said method comprising (a)
administering a dose of said dual V region antibody-like protein or
a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region to said human
subject or said non-human primate; (b) obtaining a sample of said
blood serum from said human subject or said non-human primate; and
(c) determining said total amount of said dual V region
antibody-like protein or a fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region in said sample. In a further embodiment of the
invention, the dual V region antibody-like protein or the fragment
of a dual V region antibody-like region comprises a variable light
chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3
and a variable heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID
NO:2 and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ
ID NO:3 are linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2
and SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a
further embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO:
6.
[0028] An embodiment of the invention is a method of quantifying or
monitoring a proportion of a dual V region antibody-like protein or
a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13 that is functionally available
to bind IL-4 and IL-13 in blood serum of a human subject or a
non-human primate, said method comprising (a) administering a dose
of said dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a dual
V region antibody-like region to said human subject or said
non-human primate; (b) obtaining a sample of said blood serum from
said human subject or said non-human primate; and (c) determining
said proportion of said dual V region antibody-like protein or a
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that is
functionally available to bind IL-4 and IL-13 in said sample. In a
further embodiment of the invention, the dual V region
antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0029] An embodiment of the invention is a method of treating
asthma in a mammal comprising the step of administering to said
mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a dual V region
antibody-like protein or a fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13. In
a further embodiment of the invention, the dual V region
antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another
embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount is equal to or
less than about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the
therapeutically effective amount is selected from the group
consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
[0030] An embodiment of the invention is a method of treating
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a mammal comprising the step of
administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of
a dual V region antibody-like protein or a fragment of a dual V
region antibody-like region that specifically binds to IL-4 and
IL-13. In a further embodiment of the invention, the dual V region
antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V region
antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable
heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are
linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a further
embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0031] In another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount
is equal to or less than about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the
therapeutically effective amount is selected from the group
consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
[0032] An embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a
disease mediated by IL-4 or IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13-induced STAT6
phosphorylation in a mammal which comprises administering a
therapeutically effective amount of a dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13. In a further embodiment of
the invention, the dual V region antibody-like protein or the
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region comprises a
variable light chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1
and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable heavy chain comprising amino acid
sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment,
SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are linked together with a peptide
linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the
peptide linker. In a further embodiment, the peptide linker
consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another embodiment, the
therapeutically effective amount is equal to or less than about 300
mg. In a further embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount
is selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80
mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
[0033] An embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a
disease mediated by IL-4 or IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13-induced IL-6
release in a mammal which comprises administering a therapeutically
effective amount of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that specifically
binds to IL-4 and IL-13. In a further embodiment of the invention,
the dual V region antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V
region antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain
comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a
variable heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2
and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID
NO:3 are linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and
SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a
further embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In
another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount is equal
to or less than about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the
therapeutically effective amount is selected from the group
consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
[0034] An embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a
disease mediated by IL-4 or IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13-induced eotaxin
release in a mammal which comprises administering a therapeutically
effective amount of a dual V region antibody-like protein or a
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that specifically
binds to IL-4 and IL-13. In a further embodiment of the invention,
the dual V region antibody-like protein or the fragment of a dual V
region antibody-like region comprises a variable light chain
comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a
variable heavy chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2
and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment, SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID
NO:3 are linked together with a peptide linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and
SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the peptide linker. In a
further embodiment, the peptide linker consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In
another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount is equal
to or less than about 300 mg. In a further embodiment, the
therapeutically effective amount is selected from the group
consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
[0035] An embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a
disease mediated by IL-4 or IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13-induced LOX
expression in a mammal which comprises administering a
therapeutically effective amount of a dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13. In a further embodiment of
the invention, the dual V region antibody-like protein or the
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region comprises a
variable light chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1
and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable heavy chain comprising amino acid
sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment,
SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are linked together with a peptide
linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the
peptide linker. In a further embodiment, the peptide linker
consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another embodiment, the
therapeutically effective amount is equal to or less than about 300
mg. In a further embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount
is selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80
mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
[0036] An embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a
disease mediated by IL-4 or IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13-induced
erythrocyte proliferation in a mammal which comprises administering
a therapeutically effective amount of a dual V region antibody-like
protein or a fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region that
specifically binds to IL-4 and IL-13. In a further embodiment of
the invention, the dual V region antibody-like protein or the
fragment of a dual V region antibody-like region comprises a
variable light chain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1
and SEQ ID NO: 3 and a variable heavy chain comprising amino acid
sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO: 4. In a further embodiment,
SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 are linked together with a peptide
linker and SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4 are linked together with the
peptide linker. In a further embodiment, the peptide linker
consists of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another embodiment, the
therapeutically effective amount is equal to or less than about 300
mg. In a further embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount
is selected from the group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80
mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037] FIG. 1 shows the effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on
IL-4-induced or IL-13-induced Stat6 phosphorylation in IL-4- or
IL-13-stimulated monocytes.
[0038] FIG. 2 shows the effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on IL-4
and IL-13-stimulated IL-6 and eotaxin release from human lung
fibroblasts from a idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patient.
[0039] FIG. 3 shows the effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on IL-4
and IL-13 induced LOX expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
pulmonary fibroblasts.
[0040] FIG. 4 shows the effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on
antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness against allergen induced
acute asthma in cynomolgus monkeys. Data are represented as
mean.+-.s.e.m. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 compared with control
antibody-treated group.
[0041] FIG. 5 shows the effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on
antigen-induced accumulation of total leukocytes in airways against
allergen induced acute asthma in cynomolgus monkeys. Data are
represented as mean.+-.s.e.m. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 compared with
control antibody-treated group.
[0042] FIG. 6 shows the effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on
antigen-induced accumulation of eosinophils in airways against
allergen induced acute asthma in cynomolgous monkeys. Data are
represented as mean.+-.s.e.m. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 compared with
control antibody-treated group.
[0043] FIG. 7 shows the effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on serum
IgE titer from allergen induced acute asthma in cynomolgous
monkeys. Data are represented as mean.+-.s.e.m. *p<0.05,
**p<0.01 compared with control antibody-treated group.
[0044] FIG. 8 shows the effects of SAR156597 on IL-4 and IL-13
mediated TGF.beta. release from normal human bronchial epithelial
cells (NHBE; left panel) and human small airway epithelial cells
(SAEC; right panel).
[0045] FIG. 9 shows a diagramatic representation of assays to
measure total amount of human antibody in serum by measuring the
concentration of human light chain K (panel A); to measure the
proportion of functional antibodies to IL-4 and IL-13 (panel B);
and to measure anti-drug antibodies (ADA).
[0046] FIG. 10 shows a time plot (panel A) representation of the
mean serum concentration of functional huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
after single dose intravenous perfusion administration of 2.5 mg/kg
of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 (Batch #LP08045) in PBS to a Cynomolgus
Monkey at day 0, 14, 21 28 and 35; the table (panel B) summarizes
pharmacokinetic parameters after the 1.sup.st dose and the 5.sup.th
dose of 2.5 mg/kg of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 (Batch #LP08059) in
PBS in monkeys.
[0047] FIG. 11 shows the mean of SAR156597 plasma concentrations
after a single subcutaneous dose from 10 to 300 mg from
TDU11325.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
[0049] Each publication, patent application, patent, and other
reference cited herein is incorporated by reference in its entirety
to the extent that it is not inconsistent with this present
disclosure.
[0050] It is noted here that, as used in this specification and the
appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include
plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0051] Furthermore, in accordance with the present invention there
may be employed conventional molecular biology, microbiology, and
recombinant DNA techniques within the skill of the art. Such
techniques are explained fully in the literature. See, e.g.,
Sambrook, Fritsch & Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual, Second Edition (1989) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,
Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (herein "Sambrook et al., 1989"); DNA
Cloning: A Practical Approach, Volumes I and II (D. N. Glover ed.
1985); Oligonucleotide Synthesis (M. J. Gait ed. 1984); Nucleic
Acid Hybridization [B. D. Hames & S. J. Higgins eds. (1985)];
Transcription And Translation [B. D. Hames & S. J. Higgins,
eds. (1984)]; Animal Cell Culture [R. I. Freshney, ed. (1986)];
Immobilized Cells And Enzymes [IRL Press, (1986)]; B. Perbal, A
Practical Guide To Molecular Cloning (1984); F. M. Ausubel et al.
(eds.), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. (1994).
[0052] The following non-limiting definitions of some terms and
phrases are provided to guide the artisan.
[0053] "Interleukin-4" (IL-4) relates to the naturally occurring,
or endogenous mammalian IL-4 proteins and to proteins having an
amino acid sequence which is the same as that of a naturally
occurring or endogenous corresponding mammalian IL-4 protein {e.g.,
recombinant proteins, synthetic proteins (i.e., produced using the
methods of synthetic organic chemistry)). Accordingly, as defined
herein, the term includes mature IL-4 protein, polymorphic or
allelic variants, and other isoforms of an IL-4 and modified or
unmodified forms of the foregoing (e.g., lipidated, glycosylated).
Naturally occurring or endogenous IL-4 includes wild type proteins
such as mature IL-4, polymorphic or allelic variants and other
isoforms and mutant forms which occur naturally in mammals (e.g.,
humans, non-human primates). Such proteins can be recovered or
isolated from a source which naturally produces IL-4, for example.
These proteins and proteins having the same amino acid sequence as
a naturally occurring or endogenous corresponding IL-4, arc
referred to by the name of the corresponding mammal. For example,
where the corresponding mammal is a human, the protein is
designated as a human IL-4. Several mutant IL-4 proteins are known
in the art, such as those disclosed in WO 03/038041.
[0054] "Interleukin-13" (IL-13) refers to naturally occurring or
endogenous mammalian IL-13 proteins and to proteins having an amino
acid sequence which is the same as that of a naturally occurring or
endogenous corresponding mammalian IL-13 protein (e.g., recombinant
proteins, synthetic proteins (i.e., produced using the methods of
synthetic organic chemistry)). Accordingly, as defined herein, the
term includes mature IL-13 protein, polymorphic or allelic
variants, and other isoforms of IL-13 (e.g., produced by
alternative splicing or other cellular processes), and modified or
unmodified forms of the foregoing (e.g., Hpidated, glycosylated).
Naturally occurring or endogenous IL-13 include wild type proteins
such as mature IL-13, polymorphic or allelic variants and other
isoforms and mutant forms which occur naturally in mammals (e.g.,
humans, non-human primates). For example, as used herein IL-13
encompasses the human IL-13 variant in which Arg at position 110 of
mature human IL-13 is replaced with Gin (position 110 of mature
IL-13 corresponds to position 130 of the precursor protein) which
is associated with asthma (atopic and nonatopic asthma) and other
variants of IL-13. (Heinzmann et al, Hum Mol. Genet. 9:549-559
(2000).) Such proteins can be recovered or isolated from a source
which naturally produces IL-13, for example. These proteins and
proteins having the same amino acid sequence as a naturally
occurring or endogenous corresponding IL-13 are referred to by the
name of the corresponding mammal. For example, where the
corresponding mammal is a human, the protein is designated as a
human IL-13. Several mutant IL-13 proteins are known in the art,
such as those disclosed in WO 03/035847.
[0055] The phrase "substantially identical" with respect to an
antibody chain polypeptide sequence may be construed as an antibody
chain exhibiting at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or
more sequence identity to the reference polypeptide sequence. The
term with respect to a nucleic acid sequence may be construed as a
sequence of nucleotides exhibiting at least about 85%, 90%, 95%,
96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more sequence identity to the reference
nucleic acid sequence. Identity can be determined by using any
bioinformatics tool available to one skilled in the art. For
example, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is commonly
employed to determine sequence identity (Altschul et al., Journal
of Molecular Biology 215(3):403-410, 1990).
[0056] The terms, "identity" or "homology" may mean the percentage
of nucleotide bases or amino acid residues in the candidate
sequence that are identical with the residue of a corresponding
sequence to which it is compared, after aligning the sequences and
introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent
identity for the entire sequence, and not considering any
conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity.
Neither N-terminal or C-terminal extensions nor insertions shall be
construed as reducing identity or homology. Methods and computer
programs for the alignment are available and well known in the art.
Sequence identity may be measured using sequence analysis
software.
[0057] The phrases and terms "functional fragment, variant,
derivative or analog" and the like, as well as forms thereof, of an
antibody or antigen is a compound or molecule having qualitative
biological activity in common with a full-length antibody or
antigen of interest. For example, a functional fragment or analog
of an anti-IL-4 antibody is one which can bind to an IL-4 molecule
or one which can prevent or substantially reduce the ability of a
ligand, or an agonistic or antagonistic antibody, to bind to
IL-4.
[0058] "Substitutional" variants are those that have at least one
amino acid residue in a native sequence removed and replaced with a
different amino acid inserted in its place at the same position.
The substitutions may be single, where only one amino acid in the
molecule is substituted, or may be multiple, where two or more
amino acids are substituted in the same molecule. The plural
substitutions may be at consecutive sites. Also, one amino acid can
be replaced with plural residues, in which case such a variant
comprises both a substitution and an insertion. "Insertional"
variants are those with one or more amino acids inserted
immediately adjacent to an amino acid at a particular position in a
native sequence. Immediately adjacent to an amino acid means
connected to either the .alpha.-carboxyl or .alpha.-amino
functional group of the amino acid. "Deletional" variants are those
with one or more amino acids in the native amino acid sequence
removed. Ordinarily, deletional variants will have one or two amino
acids deleted in a particular region of the molecule.
[0059] The term "antibody" is used in the broadest sense, and
specifically covers monoclonal antibodies (including full length
monoclonal antibodies), polyclonal antibodies, multispecific
antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), antibody fragments or
synthetic polypeptides carrying one or more CDR or CDR-derived
sequences so long as the polypeptides exhibit the desired
biological activity. Antibodies (Abs) and immunoglobulins (Igs) are
glycoproteins having the same structural characteristics.
Generally, antibodies are considered Igs with a defined or
recognized specificity. Thus, while antibodies exhibit binding
specificity to a specific target, immunoglobulins include both
antibodies and other antibody-like molecules which lack target
specificity. The antibodies of the invention can be of any class
(e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA and so on), or subclass (e.g.,
IgG.sub.1, IgG.sub.2, IgG.sub.2a, IgG.sub.3, IgG.sub.4, IgA.sub.1,
IgA.sub.2 and so on) ("type" and "class", and "subtype" and
"subclass", are used interchangeably herein). Native or wildtype,
that is, obtained from a non-artificially manipulated member of a
population, antibodies and immunoglobulins are usually
heterotetrameric glycoproteins of about 150,000 daltons, composed
of two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H)
chains. Each heavy chain has at one end a variable domain (V.sub.H)
followed by a number of constant domains. Each light chain has a
variable domain at one end (V.sub.L) and a constant domain at the
other end. By "non-artificially manipulated" is meant not treated
to contain or express a foreign antigen binding molecule. Wildtype
can refer to the most prevalent allele or species found in a
population or to the antibody obtained from a non-manipulated
animal, as compared to an allele or polymorphism, or a variant or
derivative obtained by a form of manipulation, such as mutagenesis,
use of recombinant methods and so on to change an amino acid of the
antigen-binding molecule.
[0060] As used herein, "anti-IL-4 antibody" means an antibody or
polypeptide derived therefrom (a derivative) which binds
specifically to IL-4 as defined herein, including, but not limited
to, molecules which inhibit or substantially reduce the binding of
IL-4 to its receptor or inhibit IL-4 activity.
[0061] As used herein, "anti-IL-13 antibody" means an antibody or
polypeptide derived therefrom (a derivative) which binds
specifically to IL-13 as defined herein, including, but not limited
to, molecules which inhibit or substantially reduce the binding of
IL-13 to its receptor or inhibit IL-13 activity.
[0062] The term "variable" in the context of a variable domain of
antibodies refers to certain portions of the pertinent molecule
which differ extensively in sequence between and among antibodies
and are used in the specific recognition and binding of a
particular antibody for its particular target. However, the
variability is not evenly distributed through the variable domains
of antibodies. The variability is concentrated in three segments
called complementarity determining regions (CDRs; i.e., CDR1, CDR2,
and CDR3) also known as hypervariable regions, both in the light
chain and the heavy chain variable domains. The more highly
conserved portions of variable domains are called the framework
(FR) regions or sequences. The variable domains of native heavy and
light chains each comprise four FR regions, largely adopting a
.beta.-sheet configuration, connected by three CDRs, which form
loops connecting, and in some cases forming part of, the
.beta.-sheet structure. The CDRs in each chain are held together
often in proximity by the FR regions and, with the CDRs from the
other chain, contribute to the formation of the target (epitope or
determinant) binding site of antibodies (see Kabat et al. Sequences
of Proteins of Immunological Interest, National Institute of
Health, Bethesda, Md. (1987)). As used herein, numbering of
immunoglobulin amino acid residues is done according to the
immunoglobulin amino acid residue numbering system of Kabat et al.,
unless otherwise indicated. One CDR can carry the ability to bind
specifically to the cognate epitope.
[0063] The term "hinge" or "hinge region" as used in the present
invention refers to the flexible polypeptide comprising the amino
acids between the first and second constant domains of an
antibody.
[0064] The term "antibody fragment" refers to a portion of an
intact or a full-length chain or an antibody, generally the target
binding or variable region. Examples of antibody fragments include,
but are not limited to, F.sub.ab, F.sub.ab', F.sub.(ab')2 and
F.sub.v fragments. A "functional fragment" or "analog of an
anti-IL-4 and/or IL-13 antibody" is one which can prevent or
substantially reduce the ability of the receptor to bind to a
ligand or to initiate signaling. As used herein, functional
fragment generally is synonymous with, "antibody fragment" and with
respect to antibodies, can refer to fragments, such as F.sub.v,
F.sub.ab, F.sub.(ab')2 and so on which can prevent or substantially
reduce the ability of the receptor to bind to a ligand or to
initiate signaling. An "F.sub.v" fragment consists of a dimer of
one heavy and one light chain variable domain in a non-covalent
association (V.sub.H-V.sub.L dimer). In that configuration, the
three CDRs of each variable domain interact to define a target
binding site on the surface of the V.sub.H-V.sub.L dimer, as in an
intact antibody. Collectively, the six CDRs confer target binding
specificity on the intact antibody. However, even a single variable
domain (or half of an F.sub.v comprising only three CDRs specific
for a target) can have the ability to recognize and to bind
target.
[0065] "Single-chain F.sub.v," "sFv" or "scAb" antibody fragments
comprise the V.sub.H and V.sub.L domains of an antibody, wherein
these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain. Generally,
the F.sub.v polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker,
often a flexible molecule, between the V.sub.H and V.sub.L domains,
which enables the sFv to form the desired structure for target
binding.
[0066] The term "diabodies" refers to antibody fragments with two
antigen-binding sites, which fragments can comprise a heavy chain
variable domain (V.sub.H) connected to a light chain variable
domain (V.sub.L) in the same polypeptide chain. By using a linker
that is too short to allow pairing between the two variable domains
on the same chain, the diabody domains are forced to pair with the
binding domains of another chain to create two antigen-binding
sites.
[0067] The F.sub.ab fragment contains the variable and constant
domains of the light chain and the variable and first constant
domain (C.sub.H1) of the heavy chain. F.sub.ab' fragments differ
from F.sub.ab fragments by the addition of a few residues at the
carboxyl terminus of the C.sub.H1 domain to include one or more
cysteines from the antibody hinge region. F.sub.ab' fragments can
be produced by cleavage of the disulfide bond at the hinge
cysteines of the F.sub.(ab')2 pepsin digestion product. Additional
enzymatic and chemical treatments of antibodies can yield other
functional fragments of interest.
[0068] The term "linear Fab" refers to a tetravalent antibody as
described by Miller et al. (2003), J. Immunol. 170: 4854-4861. The
"linear Fab" is composed of a tandem of the same CH1-VH domain,
paired with the identical light chain at each CH1-VH position.
These molecules have been developed in order to increase the
valency of an antibody to enhance its functional affinity through
the avidity effect, but they are monospecific.
[0069] The term "bispecific antibodies (BsAbs)" refers to molecules
which combine the antigen-binding sites of two antibodies within a
single molecule. Thus, a bispecific antibody is able to bind two
different antigens simultaneously. Besides applications for
diagnostic purposes, BsAbs pave the way for new therapeutic
applications by redirecting potent effector systems to diseased
areas or by increasing neutralizing or stimulating activities of
antibodies.
[0070] Monoclonal antibodies herein specifically include "chimeric"
antibodies in which a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is
identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in
antibodies derived from a particular species or belonging to a
particular antibody class or subclass (type or subtype), with the
remainder of the chain(s) identical with or homologous to
corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from another species
or belonging to another antibody class or subclass, as well as
fragments of such antibodies, so long as they exhibit the desired
biological activity of binding to IL-4 and/or IL-13 or impacting
IL-4 and/or IL-13 activity or metabolism (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567;
and Morrison et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:6851 (1984)). Thus,
CDRs from one class of antibody can be grafted into the FR of an
antibody of different class or subclass.
[0071] Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed
against a single target site, epitope or determinant. Furthermore,
in contrast to conventional (polyclonal) antibody preparations
which typically include different antibodies directed against
different determinants (epitopes) of an antigen, each monoclonal
antibody is directed against a single determinant on the target. In
addition to their specificity, monoclonal antibodies are
advantageous being synthesized by a host cell, uncontaminated by
other immunoglobulins, and provides for cloning the relevant gene
and mRNA encoding the antibody of chains thereof. The modifier
"monoclonal" indicates the character of the antibody as being
obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies,
and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody
by any particular method. For example, the monoclonal antibodies
for use with the present invention may be isolated from phage
antibody libraries using well known techniques or can be purified
from a polyclonal preparation. The parent monoclonal antibodies to
be used in accordance with the present invention may be made by the
hybridoma method described by Kohler et al., Nature 256:495 (1975),
or may be made by recombinant methods well known in the art.
[0072] The term "polyvalent antibody" as used in the present
invention refers to an antibody comprising two or more antigen
binding sites, thus being able to bind two or more antigens, which
may have the same or a different structure, simultaneously. The
term "bivalent" means that the antibody comprises two antigen
binding sites. The term "tetravalent" means that the antibody
comprises four antigen binding sites.
[0073] The term "antigen binding site" as used in the present
invention refers to the part of the antibody which comprises the
area which specifically binds to and is complementary to part or
all of an antigen. Where an antigen is large, an antibody may only
bind to a particular part of the antigen, which part is termed on
epitope. An antigen binding domain may be provided by one or more
antibody variable domains. Preferably, an antigen binding domain is
made of the association of an antibody light chain variable domain
(VL) and an antibody heavy chain variable domain (VH).
[0074] The term "antigen" as used in the present invention refers
to a molecule or a portion of a molecule capable of being bound by
the antibodies of the present invention. An antigen can have one or
more than one epitope. Examples of antigens recognized by the
antibodies of the present invention include, but are not limited
to, serum proteins, e.g. cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and
IL-13, bioactive peptides, cell surface molecules, e.g. receptors,
transporters, ion-channels, viral and bacterial proteins.
[0075] The term "monospecific" as used in the present invention
means that the polyvalent antibody of the present invention
recognizes only one antigen, all the antigen binding sites being
identical.
[0076] The term "bispecific" as used in the present invention means
that the polyvalent antibody of the present invention recognizes
two different epitopes on the same or on two different
antigens.
[0077] It has been of interest to produce bispecific antibodies
(BsAbs) which combine the antigen-binding sites of two antibodies
within a single molecule. Thus, such a molecule would be able to
bind two different antigens simultaneously. Besides applications
for diagnostic purposes, they pave the way for new therapeutic
applications, e.g. by redirecting potent effector systems to
diseased areas (where cancerous cells often develop mechanisms to
suppress normal immune responses triggered by monoclonal
antibodies, like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or
complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)), or by increasing
neutralizing or stimulating activities of antibodies. Initial
attempts to couple the binding specificities of two whole
antibodies against different target antigens for therapeutic
purposes utilized chemically fused heteroconjugate molecules
(Staerz et al. (1985), Nature 314: 628-631).
[0078] Bispecific antibodies were originally made by fusing two
hybridomas, each capable of producing a different immunoglobulin
(Milstein and Cuello, 1983, 1984), but the complexity of species
(up to ten different species) produced in cell culture makes
purification difficult and expensive (George and Huston, 1997).
Despite the promising results obtained using heteroconjugates or
bispecific antibodies produced from cell fusions as cited above,
several factors made them impractical for large scale therapeutic
applications. Such factors include: rapid clearance of
heteroconjugates in vivo, the laboratory intensive techniques
required for generating either type of molecule, the need for
extensive purification of heteroconjugates away from homoconjugates
or mono-specific antibodies and generally low yields.
[0079] Genetic engineering has been used with increasing frequency
to design, modify, and produce antibodies or antibody derivatives
with a desired set of binding properties and effector functions. A
variety of recombinant methods have been developed for efficient
production of BsAbs, both as antibody fragments (Carter et al.
(1995), J. Hematotherapy 4: 463-470; Pluckthun et al. (1997)
Immunotechology 3: 83-105; Todorovska et al. (2001) J. Immunol.
Methods 248: 47-66) and full length IgG formats (Carter (2001) J.
Immunol. Methods 248: 7-15).
[0080] Abbott described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,612,181 a murine
Dual-Variable-Domain IgG (DVD-IgG) bispecific antibody, which is
based on the dual-Fv format described in Unilever patent
(US5989830). A humanized bispecific format was described in
WO2009/052081 (TBTI) which is incorporated herein by reference in
its entirety. The addition of constant domains to respective chains
of the Dual-Fv (CH1-Fc to the heavy chain and kappa or lambda
constant domain to the light chain) led to functional bispecific
dual V region antibody like binding proteins.
[0081] An embodiment of the invention is a bispecific antibody that
has been engineered to comprise a dual V region antibody-like
protein or fragment thereof that specifically binds to two
different epitopes on the same or on two different antigens. An
embodiment of the invention a bispecific antibody or bispecific
antibody fragment thereof that specifically binds to IL-13 and
IL-4, wherein said bispecific antibody or bispecific antibody
fragment thereof comprises a variable light chain domain and a
variable heavy chain domain, wherein said variable light chain
domain comprises amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3.
A further embodiment of the invention is a bispecific antibody or
bispecific antibody fragment thereof that specifically binds to
IL-13 and IL-4, wherein said bispecific antibody or bispecific
antibody fragment thereof comprises a variable light chain domain
and a variable heavy chain domain, wherein said variable heavy
chain domain comprises amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:5. Another embodiment of the invention is a bispecific antibody
or bispecific antibody fragment thereof that specifically binds to
IL-13 and IL-4, wherein said bispecific antibody or bispecific
antibody fragment thereof comprises a variable light chain domain
and a variable heavy chain domain, wherein said variable heavy
chain domain comprises amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID
NO:4. An embodiment of theinvention is a bispecific antibody or
bispecific antibody fragment thereof that specifically binds to
IL-13 and IL-4, wherein said bispecific antibody or bispecific
antibody fragment thereof comprises a variable light chain domain
comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3, and a
variable heavy chain domain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID
NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4. A further embodiment of the invention is a
bispecific antibody or bispecific antibody fragment thereof that
specifically binds to IL-13 and IL-4, wherein said bispecific
antibody or bispecific antibody fragment thereof comprises a
variable light chain domain comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID
NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3, and a variable heavy chain domain comprising
amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4, wherein a peptide
linker links SEQ ID NO:1 to SEQ ID NO:3, and a peptide linker links
SEQ ID NO:2 to SEQ ID NO:4. An embodiment of the invention is
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 or SAR156597 comprising a bispecific
antibody or bispecific antibody fragment thereof that specifically
binds to IL-13 and IL-4, comprising (a) variable light chain domain
comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3;
(b) a variable heavy chain domain comprising the amino acid
sequences of SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4; (c) a peptide linker
linking SEQ ID NO:1 to SEQ ID NO:3, and a peptide linker linking
SEQ ID NO:2 to SEQ ID NO:4 wherein the peptide linker has an amino
acid sequence consisting of SEQ ID NO:6; and (d) constant region
domains.
[0082] The term "multispecific" as used in the present invention
means that the polyvalent antibody of the present invention
recognizes multiple different epitopes on the same or on multiple
different antigens.
[0083] The term "linker" as used in the present invention refers to
a peptide adapted to connect the variable domains of the antibody
constructs of the present invention. The peptide linker may contain
any amino acids, the amino acids glycine (G) and serine (S) being
preferred. The linkers may be equal or differ from each other
between and within the heavy chain polypeptide and the light chain
polypeptide. Furthermore, the linker may have a length of 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20
amino acids. A preferred peptide linker unit for the heavy chain
domains as for the light chain domains is GGGGS. The numbers of
linker units of the heavy chain and of the light chain may be equal
(symmetrical order) or differ from each other (asymmetrical
order).
[0084] A peptide linker is preferably long enough to provide an
adequate degree of flexibility to prevent the antibody moieties
from interfering with each others activity, for example by steric
hindrance, to allow for proper protein folding and, if necessary,
to allow the antibody molecules to interact with two or more,
possibly widely spaced, receptors on the same cell; yet it is
preferably short enough to allow the antibody moieties to remain
stable in the cell.
[0085] Therefore, the length, composition and/or conformation of
the peptide linkers can readily be selected by one skilled in the
art in order to optimize the desired properties of the polyvalent
antibody.
[0086] "Humanized" forms of non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies are
chimeric immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin chains or fragments
thereof (such as F.sub.v, F.sub.ab, F.sub.ab., F.sub.(ab')2 or
other target-binding subsequences of antibodies) which contain
sequences derived from non-human immunoglobulin, as compared to a
human antibody. In general, the humanized antibody will comprise
substantially all of one, and typically two, variable domains, in
which all or substantially all of the CDR regions correspond to
those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of
the FR regions are those of a human immunoglobulin template
sequence. The humanized antibody may also comprise at least a
portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (F.sub.c), typically
that of the human immunoglobulin template chosen. In general, the
goal is to have an antibody molecule that is minimally immunogenic
in a human. Thus, it is possible that one or more amino acids in
one or more CDRs also can be changed to one that is less
immunogenic to a human host, without substantially minimizing the
specific binding function of the one or more CDRs to IL-4 and/or
IL-13. Alternatively, the FR can be non-human but those amino acids
most immunogenic are replaced with ones less immunogenic.
Nevertheless, CDR grafting, as discussed above, is not the only way
to obtain a humanized antibody. For example, modifying just the CDR
regions may be insufficient as it is not uncommon for framework
residues to have a role in determining the three-dimensional
structure of the CDR loops and the overall affinity of the antibody
for its ligand. Hence, any means can be practiced so that the
non-human parent antibody molecule is modified to be one that is
less immunogenic to a human, and global sequence identity with a
human antibody is not always a necessity. So, humanization also can
be achieved, for example, by the mere substitution of just a few
residues, particularly those which are exposed on the antibody
molecule and not buried within the molecule, and hence, not readily
accessible to the host immune system. Such a method is taught
herein with respect to substituting "mobile" or "flexible" residues
on the antibody molecule, the goal being to reduce or dampen the
immunogenicity of the resultant molecule without comprising the
specificity of the antibody for its epitope or determinant. See,
for example, Studnicka et al., Prot Eng 7(6)805-814, 1994; Mol Imm
44:1986-1988, 2007; Sims et al., J Immunol 151:2296 (1993); Chothia
et al., J Mol Biol 196:901 (1987); Carter et al., Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 89:4285 (1992); Presta et al., J Immunol 151:2623 (1993),
WO 2006/042333 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,619.
[0087] "Antibody homolog" or "homolog" refers to any molecule which
specifically binds IL-4 and/or IL-13 as taught herein. Thus, an
antibody homolog includes native or recombinant antibody, whether
modified or not, portions of antibodies that retain the biological
properties of interest, such as binding IL-4 or IL-13, such as an
F.sub.ab or F.sub.v molecule, a single chain antibody, a
polypeptide carrying one or more CDR regions and so on. The amino
acid sequence of the homolog need not be identical to that of the
naturally occurring antibody but can be altered or modified to
carry substitute amino acids, inserted amino acids, deleted amino
acids, amino acids other than the twenty normally found in proteins
and so on to obtain a polypeptide with enhanced or other beneficial
properties.
[0088] Antibodies with homologous sequences are those antibodies
with amino acid sequences that have sequence homology with the
amino acid sequence of a IL-4, IL-13 or bispecific IL-4/IL-13
antibody of the present invention. Preferably, homology is with the
amino acid sequence of the variable regions of an antibody of the
present invention. "Sequence homology" as applied to an amino acid
sequence herein is defined as a sequence with at least about 90%,
91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence homology to
another amino acid sequence, as determined, for example, by the
FASTA search method in accordance with Pearson & Lipman, Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 85, 2444-2448 (1988).
[0089] A chimeric antibody is one with different portions of an
antibody derived from different sources, such as different
antibodies, different classes of antibody, different animal
species, for example, an antibody having a variable region derived
from a murine monoclonal antibody paired with a human
immunoglobulin constant region and so on. Thus, a humanized
antibody is a species of chimeric antibody. Methods for producing
chimeric antibodies are known in the art, see, e.g., Morrison,
1985, Science 229:1202; Oi et al., 1986, BioTechniques 4:214;
Gillies et al., 1989, J Immunol Methods 125:191-202; and U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,807,715, 4,816,567, and 4,816,397.
[0090] Artificial antibodies include scFv fragments, chimeric
antibodies, diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies and mru (see reviews
by Winter & Milstein, 1991, Nature 349:293-299; and Hudson,
1999, Curr Opin Imm 11:548-557), each with antigen-binding or
epitope-binding ability. In the single chain F.sub.v fragment
(scF.sub.v), the V.sub.H and V.sub.L domains of an antibody are
linked by a flexible peptide. Typically, the linker is a peptide of
about 15 amino acids. If the linker is much smaller, for example, 5
amino acids, diabodies are formed. The smallest binding unit of an
antibody is a CDR, typically the CDR2 of the heavy chain which has
sufficient specific recognition and binding capacity. Such a
fragment is called a molecular recognition unit or mru. Several
such mrus can be linked together with short linker peptides,
therefore forming an artificial binding protein with higher avidity
than a single mru.
[0091] Also included within the scope of the invention are
functional equivalents of an antibody of interest. The term
"functional equivalents" includes antibodies with homologous
sequences, antibody homologs, chimeric antibodies, artificial
antibodies and modified antibodies, for example, wherein each
functional equivalent is defined by the ability to bind to IL-4
and/or IL-13, inhibiting IL-4 and/or IL-13 signaling ability or
function, or inhibiting binding of IL-4 and/or IL-13 to its
receptor. The skilled artisan will understand that there is an
overlap in the group of molecules termed "antibody fragments" and
the group termed "functional equivalents." Methods of producing
functional equivalents which retain IL-4 and/or IL-13 binding
ability are known to the person skilled in the art and are
disclosed, for example, in WO 93/21319, EPO Ser. No. 239,400, WO
89/09622, EPO Ser. No. 338,745 and EPO Ser. No. 332,424.
[0092] The functional equivalents of the present application also
include modified antibodies, e.g., antibodies modified by the
covalent attachment of any type of molecule to the antibody. For
example, modified antibodies include antibodies that have been
modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation,
deamidation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known
protecting/blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a
cellular ligand, linkage to a toxin or cytotoxic moiety or other
protein etc. The covalent attachment need not yield an antibody
that is immune from generating an anti-idiotypic response. The
modifications may be achieved by known techniques, including, but
not limited to, specific chemical cleavage, acetylation,
formylation, metabolic synthesis etc. Additionally, the modified
antibodies may contain one or more non-classical amino acids.
[0093] "Mammal" for purposes of treatment refers to any animal
classified as a mammal, including human, domestic and farm animals,
nonhuman primates, and zoo, sports or pet animals, such as dogs,
horses, cats, cows etc.
[0094] The term "treatment", "therapeutic dose" or "administering a
therapeutically effective amount" as used in the present invention
refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or
preventative measures as a course of therapy. It refers to
preventing, curing, reversing, attenuating, alleviating,
minimizing, suppressing or halting deleterious effects of a disease
state, disease progression, disease causative agent (e.g., bacteria
or viruses) or other abnormal condition.
[0095] An embodiment of the invention is the treatment of asthma
and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. IL-4 and IL-13 are
therapeutically important cytokines based on their biological
functions and play critical roles in many diseases, including
asthma (Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005, Vo. 5, 161-166). IL-4
has been shown to be able to inhibit autoimmune disease and IL-4
and IL-13 have both shown the potential to enhance anti-tumor
immune responses. Elevations in IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors
have been linked to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF) (Jakubzick C. et al., Am J. Pathol.
2004:164(6):1989-2001; Murray L A et al. Int J Biochem Cell Biol.
2008:40(10):2174-82. Evidence in the literature demonstrate that
the TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 play multiple roles in the
pathogenesis of IPF as mediators of this lung tissue remodeling and
fibrosis (Wynn, T A, Naat. Rev. Immunol, 4:583-594, 2004) and other
cell types including mast cells, basophils, eosinophils,
macrophages and epithelial cells may also be potential sources of
these cytokines (Gordon S and Martinez F O, Immunity Rev.
32:593-604, 2010). In IPF patients, IL-13 and IL-4 levels in
bronchial alveolar lavage fluid are elevated compared to normal
controls. Such evidence suggests that therapies capable of
suppressing or neutralizing these cytokines have the potential for
delaying the progression of fibrosis in IPF patients. Since both
cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases or
fibrotic diseases, inhibitors of these cytokines could provide
therapeutic benefits.
[0096] An "isolated" or "purified" antibody is substantially free
of cellular material or other contaminating proteins from the cell
or tissue source or medium from which the protein is derived, or
substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when
chemically synthesized. The language "substantially free of
cellular material" includes preparations of an antibody in which
the polypeptide/protein is separated from cellular components of
the cells from which same is isolated or recombinantly produced.
Thus, an antibody that is substantially free of cellular material
includes preparations of the antibody having less than about 30%,
20%, 10%, 5%, 2.5% or 1%, (by dry weight) of contaminating protein.
When the antibody is recombinantly produced, it is also preferably
substantially free of culture medium, i.e., culture medium
represents less than about 20%, 10%, 5%, 2.5% or 1% of the volume
of the protein preparation. When antibody is produced by chemical
synthesis, it is preferably substantially free of chemical
precursors or other chemicals and reagents, i.e., the antibody of
interest is separated from chemical precursors or other chemicals
which are involved in the synthesis of the protein. Accordingly,
such preparations of the antibody have less than about 30%, 20%,
10%, 5% or 1% (by dry weight) of chemical precursors or compounds
other than antibody of interest. In a preferred embodiment of the
present invention, antibodies are isolated or purified.
[0097] As used herein, the terms "therapeutic agent" and
"therapeutic agents" refer to any agent(s) which can be used in the
treatment, management or amelioration of a disease, disorder,
malady and the like associated with aberrant IL-4 and/or IL-13
metabolism and activity.
[0098] As used herein, "therapeutic dose" refers to the quantity of
any agent(s) which can be used in the treatment, management or
amelioration of a disease, disorder, malady and the like associated
with aberrant IL-4 and/or IL-13 metabolism and activity.
[0099] As used herein, "safe therapeutic dose" refers to any
agent(s) or dose of any agent(s) which can be used in the
treatment, management or amelioration of a disease, disorder,
malady and the like associated with aberrant IL-4 and/or IL-13
metabolism and activity while maintaining a clinically acceptable
benefit/risk profile. A safe therapeutic dose is selected form the
group consisting of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg.
An embodiment of a safe therapeutic dose is about 10 mg to about
300 mg. A further embodiment of a safe therapeutic dose is any dose
that is about 300 mg or less than about 300 mg.
[0100] An embodiment of the invention is identifying or monitoring
a safe therapeutic dose by measuring one or more events selected
from the group consisting of intensive treatment in an emergency
room or at home for allergic bronchospasm, blood dyscrasias,
convulsions, alanine aminotransferase (ALT)>3.times. upper limit
of normal range (ULN) associated with total bilirubin
>2.times.ULN, asymptomatic ALT increase >10.times.ULN,
development of drug dependency or drug abuse, ALT
increase.times.ULN, hsCRP>10 mg/L for 72 hours, cardiac troponin
I (cTnI)>2.times.ULN, a ventricular depolarization and
repolarization time (QT) on an electrocardiogram (ECG) machine
wherein the QT is automatically corrected by the ECG machine (QTc)
that is QTc.gtoreq.500 ms, severe skin reactions local to the site
of IP injection and a level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is less
than 20 mg/L. The methods used to calculate the afore-mentioned
events are discussed in detail in the examples presented below.
Methods used to calculate the afore-mentioned events are commonly
know to those skilled in the art.
[0101] Intracellular signaling after ligation of IL-4 and IL-13
with their cell surface receptors is mediated in part by
phosphorylation of the signaling molecule signal transducer and
activator of transcription 6 (Stat6). Therefore, inhibition of
Stat6 phosphorylation (pStat6) can be used to test the ability of a
molecule to inhibit activation of the IL-4 and IL-13 receptors.
[0102] IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate the release of IL-6 and eotaxin
from human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung fibroblasts.
Therefore, inhibition of IL-6 and eotaxin release can be used to
test the ability of a molecule to inhibit activation of the IL-4
and IL-13 receptors.
[0103] An embodiment of the invention is an antibody that inhibits
IL-4- or IL-13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, IL-6 release or
eotaxin with an IC50 about 0.01 nM to about 100 nM. A further
embodiment encompasses an IC50 about 0.1 nM to about 10 nM. A
further embodiment encompasses an IC50 about 0.1 nM to about 10 nM.
Additional embodiments of the invention are IC50 values about 0.1,
0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.2., 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8,
2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1,
4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4,
5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7,
6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1,
8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4,
9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9 or 10.0 nM.
[0104] The term "about" when used in connection with a numerical
value is meant to encompass numerical values within a range having
a lower limit that is 5%, 10% or 15% smaller than the indicated
numerical value and having an upper limit that is 5%, 10% or 15%
larger than the indicated numerical value.
[0105] An embodiment of the invention is detection methods to
measure total human antibody levels or the proportion of a specific
antibody (for example, a bispecific antibody) or to measure
anti-drug antibodies in a test sample. The test sample can be any
bodily sample from a mammal. Non-limiting examples include blood
samples, serum samples or tissue samples. Detection methods may
involve using a "capture device" in which one or more antibodies
are attached to the capture device. Nonlimiting examples of
"capture devices" include wells of a plate wherein the plate may
include any number of wells such as a 12 well plate or a 96 well
plate. However, capture devices are not limited to plates but may
include any substrate that an antibody may attach to, for example,
an elution column. An embodiment of the invention utilizes
tag-labeled antibodies. The tag can be any tag capable of
detection. Nonlimiting examples include fluorescent tags such as
rhodamine, enzymatic tags such as luciferase or sulfo-tags.
EXAMPLES
[0106] The instant invention may be better understood by reference
to the following non-limiting Examples, which are exemplary of the
invention. The Examples presented below should in no way be
construed as limiting the broad scope of the invention.
[0107] The terms "huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1" and "SAR156597" are
interchangeable and refer to the same dual V region antibody-like
protein comprising a variable light chain comprising amino acid
sequences SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 and a variable heavy chain
comprising amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4.
Example 1
Cloning and Generation of Humanized Anti-IL-4/IL-13 Bispecific
Antibodies
[0108] The cloning and generation of humanized anti-IL-4/IL-13
bispecific antibodies is described in WO2009/052081
(PCT/US2008/079787), herein incorporated by reference in its
entirety. For ease of reference, a brief description follows.
[0109] The format used for the expression of bispecific antibodies
(BsAb) is an IgG variant of the dual domain double head format
described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,830. In this format an IgG
molecule is elongated at its N-terminus on the corresponding heavy
and light chains, by an additional variable domain of a second
antibody. Thus, the resulting IgG molecule is a heterotetramer
composed of two heavy and two light chains. The heavy chains
consist of two variables heavy domains (VH1-VH2) deriving from two
different antibodies joined together by a linker composed of ten
amino acids (G4S).sub.2 and fused to the IgG4 constant domain. The
light chains consist of two variables light domains (VL1-VL2)
deriving from two different antibodies joined together by a linker
composed of ten amino acids (G4S).sub.2 and fused to the constant
kappa region.
[0110] Sequences for the variable heavy and light domains of the
8D4-8 variants (8D4-8; mouse anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody clone
8D4-8 from Biozol diagnostica Vertrieb GmbH, Eching Germany; Biozol
is the German distributor of BioLegend, San Diego, Calif., USA)
were generated by PCR introducing a BamHI restriction site (GGA
TCC) at their respective 5'-ends encoding a part of the
(G4S).sub.2-(GGA TCC)-8D4-8. The 3' sequence of the VH of the 8D4-8
humanized variants ended with an ApaI restriction site (encoding
the first amino acids of the CH1 domain) for a later fusion to the
IGHG4 sequence (Q569F4, with deletion of the terminal Lys and a
double mutation S241P and L248E). The 3'-end of the VL8D4-8 ended
with a BsiWI restriction site encoding the first two amino acids of
the constant kappa chain for a later fusion to IGKC (Gene Bank
Accession Number Q502W4).
[0111] Sequences for the variable heavy and light domains of the
B-B13 variants (B-B13; mouse anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody clone
B-B13 from Cell Sciences, Inc., Canton, Mass. USA) were generated
by PCR introducing a BamHI restriction site at their respective
3'-ends encoding a part of the (G4S).sub.2--(B-B13)-(GGA GGC GGA
GGG TCC GGA GGC GGA GGA TCC (SEQ ID NO: 7)). Both sequences for the
VH and VL of the B-B13 variants were generated with a NheI
restriction site at their respective 5'-ends, followed by an ATG
start codon and a leader peptide encoding sequence.
[0112] The VH of B-B13 and 8D4-8 were fused together through their
BamHI sites within the (G4S).sub.2 linker. The VL of B-B13 and
8D4-8 were fused to each other through their BamHI sites within the
(G4S).sub.2 linker. Hence the tandems of heavy and the light chains
generated had the following composition.
[0113] Bispecific antibody heavy chain: NheI-Leader
peptide-VH-B-B13-(G4S).sub.2-VH 8D4-8-ApaI.
[0114] Bispecific antibody light chain: NheI-Leader
peptide-VL-B-B13-(G4S).sub.2-VL 8D4-8-BsiWI.
[0115] All intermediate PCR fragments were cloned into into the
pCR.RTM.4-TOPO using the Invitrogen TOPO TA cloning kit (Cat #:
45-0641) and sequenced using M13 forward and M13 reverse
primers.
[0116] After sequence validation the heavy chain tandems were fused
through their ApaI site to the IGHG4 sequence and the variable
light chain tandems were fused through their BsiWI site to IGKC.
The created dual domain heavy chain and light chain were digested
with NheI and HindIII and each ligated into the NheI/HindIII sites
of the episomal expression vector pXL, creating the plasmids for
mammalian expression of the TBTI-heavy and light chains
respectively.
[0117] Four humanized bispecific anti-IL-4/anti-IL-13 constructs
were generated based on the following combinations of humanized VH
and VL versions of B-B13 and 8D4-8 as shown in Table 1. The
corresponding light and heavy chain sequences are shown in Table
2.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Bispecific anti-IL-4/anti-IL-13 Antibodies
Bispecific anti-IL-4/anti-IL-13 Ab Anti-IL-13 Fv Anti-IL-4 Fv
huTBTI3_1_1 B-B13 VL3xVH2 8D4-8 VL1xVH2 huTBTI3_2_1 B-B13 VL3xVH2
8D4-8 VL1xVH1 huTBTI3_1_2 B-B13 VL2xVH2 8D4-8 VL1xVH2 huTBTI3_2_2
B-B13 VL2xVH2 8D4-8 VL1xVH1
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Sequences of Humanized Variable Domains and
Linker Sequence Anti-IL13 hB-B13 VL3 (SEQ ID NO: 1): DIVLTQSPAS
LAVSLGQRAT ISCRASESVD SYGQSYMHWY QQKAGQPPKL LIYLASNLES GVPARFSGSG
SRTDFTLTID PVQAEDAATY YCQQNAEDSR TFGGGTKLEI K Anti-IL13 hB-B13 VH2
(SEQ ID NO: 2): EVQLKESGPG LVAPGGSLSI TCTVSGFSLT DSSINWVRQP
PGKGLEWLGM IWGDGRIDYA DALKSRLSIS KDSSKSQVFL EMTSLRTDDT ATYYCARDGY
FPYAMDFWGQ GTSVTVSS Anti-IL4 h8D4-8 VL1 (SEQ ID NO: 3): DIQMTQSPAS
LSVSVGDTIT LTCHASQNID VWLSWFQQKP GNIPKLLIYK ASNLHTGVPS RFSGSGSGTG
FTLTISSLQP EDIATYYCQQ AHSYPFTFGG GTKLEIKR Anti-IL4 h8D4-8 VH1 (SEQ
ID NO: 4): QVQLQQSGPE LVKPGASVKI SCKASGYSFT SYWIHWIKQR PGQGLEWIGM
IDPSDGETRL NQRFQGRATL TVDESTSTAY MQLRSPTSED SAVYYCTRLK EYGNYDSFYF
DVWGAGTLVT VSSA Anti-IL4 h8D4-8 VH2 (SEQ ID NO: 5): QVQLQQSGPE
LVKPGASVKI SCKASGYSFT SYWIHWIKQR PGQGLEWIGM IDASDGETRL NQRFQGRATL
TVDESTSTAY MQLRSPTSED SAVYYCTRLK EYGNYDSFYF DVWGAGTLVT VSSA Linker
Sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) GGGGSGGGGS Underline indicates amino acid
changes made for humanization or to remove residues subject to
modification or acid lability. Bold indicates the CDR
Example 2
Effect of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on IL-4- or IL-13-induced STAT6
Phosphorylation in Human Whole Blood Monocytes
[0118] Human sodium citrate anti-coagulated whole blood was
obtained from an on-site normal donor panel. Donor numbers 245,
217, 229 and 002 were used.
[0119] huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 was generated at sanofi-aventis,
batch no. LP08059, supplied at 5.63 mg/ml in phosphate buffered
saline (PBS) and stored at 4.degree. C.
[0120] Recombinant human IL-13 (lyophilized) from R&D Systems,
catalog no. 213-IL, was reconstituted with PBS containing 0.2%
bovine serum albumin at 10 .mu.g/ml. Final concentration of IL-13
used in the assay was 3 ng/ml in complete RPMI medium. Recombinant
human IL-4 (lyophilized) from AMS Biotechnology LTD, catalog no.
111-40-134, was reconstituted with PBS containing 0.2% bovine serum
albumin at 20 .mu.g/ml. Final concentration of IL-4 used in the
assay was 1 ng/ml in complete RPMI medium.
[0121] huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 was serial diluted with complete
RPMI medium to make 10.times. solutions, and mixed with 100 .mu.l
of normal human peripheral blood per well in a 96-deep-well plate
to reach final concentrations of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 at 100 nM,
33.33 nM, 11.11 nM, 3.70 nM, 1.24 nM, 0.41 nM, 0.14 nM, 0.05 nM,
0.02 nM, and 0.005 nM for donor numbers 245, 217 and 002. For donor
number 229, the final concentrations of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
tested were 100 nM, 33.33 nM, 11.11 nM, 3.70 nM, 1.24 nM, 0.41 nM
and 0.14 nM.
[0122] The plate was incubated in 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 for 15
to 30 minutes. Then recombinant human IL-4 (1 ng/ml) or IL-13 (3
ng/ml) were added to each well, and the plate was further incubated
in 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 for 15 minutes. Blood cells were then
lysed/fixed with lysis/fix buffer for 10 minutes at 37.degree. C.,
centrifuged at 300.times.g for 5 minutes at room temperature.
Supernatants were removed and the remaining cell pellet was washed
once with phosphate-buffered saline. The cells were permeabilized
with pre-cooled methanol for 30 minutes in 4.degree. C. and then
washed once with FACS stain buffer (BD, catalog no. 554656).
Fluorescence-labeled antibodies (anti-phospho-Stat6-Alexa Fluor 647
at 1:5 final dilution, and anti-CD33-FITC at 1:10 final dilution)
were added to cells and incubated at room temperature in the dark
for 30 minutes. After wash with FACS stain buffer, cells were
acquired through a FACS Calibur.TM. flow cytometer to generate FACS
data.
[0123] FACS data were analyzed by using CellQuest Software.TM. (BD,
version 5.2). Dot plots were created using CD33 staining
(fluorescein isothiocyanate) versus pStat6 staining (Alexa Fluor
647) (see FIG. 1). Total monocytes were gated based on side scatter
versus forward scatter. CD33.sup.+ staining, Stat6-phosphorylation
positive monocytes were gated based on the fluorescence intensity
between baseline control and IL-4 or IL-13 stimulated samples in
the absence of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1. Percent of pStat6 positive
monocytes among total monocytes were obtained from region
statistics based on CellQuest software (BD, version 5.2).
[0124] The effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on IL-4- or
IL-13-induced Stat6 phosphorylation were determined using percent
inhibition of maximum response (Stat6 phosphorylation) in IL-4- or
IL-13-stimulated monocytes.
[0125] The maximum response was defined as the percent of
pStat6.sup.+ cells generated by IL-4 or IL-13 stimulation in the
absence of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1. The percent of pStat6.sup.+
cells generated from unstimulated monocytes was used as baseline
signal. The percent of maximum response was calculated using the
following equation:
Percent ( % ) of maximum response = % pStat 6 SAR 156597 + - %
pStat 6 baseline + % pStat 6 maximum response + - % pStat 6
baseline + .times. 100 % ##EQU00001##
[0126] Dose-response curves were plotted as Y: % of maximum
response versus X: concentrations (nM) of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
by SPEED v2.0-LTS to calculate the concentration giving 50% of
maximum response (IC.sub.50).
[0127] Dose response curve was modeled by the four-parameter
logistic model:
% Maximum_response = c + d - c 1 + exp { b ( log ( dose ) - log ( e
) ) } ##EQU00002##
[0128] The parameters c and d are the lower and upper limits,
negative b is the relative slope around e, and the e parameter is
10.sub.50 and is the dose producing a response half-way between the
upper limit, d and lower limit, c. The four parameters (b,c,d,e)
were estimated by non-linear least squares method. SAS procedure
NLIN in SAS system release 8.2 for sun solaris via SPEED v2.0-LTS
internal software was used. After obtaining the IC.sub.50
estimation from each of the three curves, the geometric mean of the
3 IC.sub.50 values were calculated.
[0129] huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 inhibited IL-4-induced Stat6
phosphorylation in donors 245, 229 and 217 with IC.sub.50, of 1.32
nM, 0.73 nM, and 0.78 nM respectively. huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
inhibited IL-13-induced Stat6 phosphorylation in donors 245, 229
and 002 with IC.sub.50s of 2.65 nM, 3.68 nM, and 1.32 nM
respectively.
[0130] The geometric mean IC.sub.50s of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 in
inhibiting IL-13 or IL-4-induced Stat6 phosphorylation from 3
separate experiments were 2.34 nM and 0.91 nM, respectively (Table
3).
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 IC.sub.50 values of huTBTI3_2_1 in
inhibiting Stat6 phosphorylation induced by IL-13 or IL-4 in human
blood monocytes. IC.sub.50 (nM) IC.sub.50 (nM) Blood donor no.
Inhibition of IL-13 Inhibition of IL-4 245 2.65 1.32 229 3.68 0.73
217 * 0.78 002 1.32 ** Geometric Mean (95% CI) 2.34 (0.64 to 8.61)
0.91 (0.41 to 2.04) * For donor 217, only IL-4 was tested ** For
donor 002, only IL-13 was tested 95% CI = 95% confidence
interval
Example 3
Effect of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on IL-4- or IL-13-Induced IL-6
Release and Eotaxin Release from Human IPF Pulmonary
Fibroblasts
[0131] Human lung fibroblast of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
patient, designation LL97A (AIMy), item number CCL-191, F-12K
Medium (Kaighn's Modification of Ham's F-12 Medium) and Fetal
Bovine Serum (FBS) were from the American Type Culture Collection
(ATCC, Manassas, Va.). Albumin from bovine serum (BSA) was from
Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo.). Recombinant human IL-13 (rhIL-13)
was from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, N.J.); Recombinant human IL-4
(rhIL-4) was from R&D SYSTEMS (Minneapolis, Minn.). DuoSet
ELISA Development System for human CCL11/Eotaxin and IL-6 were both
from R&D SYSTEMS. LL97A cells at passage 7 were plated on a 96
well cell culture plate at 20,000 cells per well in F-12K Medium
with 15% FBS and incubated at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 in a
humidified incubator for 24 hours. The medium was then replaced
with F-12K Medium with 0.1% BSA and the plate was incubated
overnight at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 in a humidified incubator
for serum starvation. Cells were then treated overnight at
37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 in a humidified incubator with a 3-fold
serially diluted, 8 concentration points of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
with a combination of 15 ng/ml (1.2 nM) rhIL-13 plus 5 ng/ml (0.36
nM) rhIL-4 in a total volume of 200 .mu.l per well. Each treatment
was in triplicate. 150 .mu.l per well of the cell culture
supernatant was then taken and diluted into 300 .mu.l F-12K Medium
with 0.1% BSA (3-fold dilution) for eotaxin and IL-6 ELISA. The
ELISAs were carried out according to the instructions of DuoSet
ELISA Development System for human CCL11/Eotaxin and IL-6 of
R&D SYSTEMS. The ELISA plates were read in a SPECTRAmAx340PC
plate reader (Molecular Devices) for optical density (OD) at 450 nm
and 540 nm. OD values at 540 nm were subtracted from OD at 450 nm
before calculation.
[0132] CCL11 (eotaxin) and IL-6 levels in supernatants were derived
with 4-parameters standard curve in SOFTmax. Sample average without
rhIL-13/rhIL-4 stimulation (basal level) was subtracted from each
sample and each sample was then compared with sample average of
rhIL-13/rhIL-4 stimulation without huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 (set as
100% positive) for % positive control. Error bars represent
standard error of mean of triplicate biological samples (cell
treatment). huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 suppressed
IL-4/IL-13-stimulated IL-6 release with an IC50=7.8 nM and
suppressed IL-4/IL-13-stimulated eotaxin release with an IC50=3.8
nM (FIG. 2).
Example 4
Effect of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on IL-4- or IL-13-Induced LOX
Expression in IPF Pulmonary Fibroblasts
[0133] To assess the effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 on IL-4 and
IL-13 stimulated expression of profibrotic enzymes, mRNA levels of
lysyl oxidase (LOX) was measured in a similar experiment as shown
in Example 3. LOX gene expression was determined by Taqman and was
normalized to the housekeeping gene GAPDH. Standard Taqman methods
were used. Briefly, cells lysates were prepared with the
Cells-to-Ct kit (ABI, Catalog No. AM1729). 20.times. Human GAPDH
TaqMan Endogenous Control Primer/Probe Set: Applied Biosystems,
Part Number 4310884E, Probe Dye: VIC-TAMRA. 20.times. human primer
probe sets (probes labeled with FAM dye at 5' end and
nonflourescent quencher at 3' end) was Human LOX: AOD from Applied
Biosystems, Gene Name: lysyl oxidase; Assay ID: Hs00184700_m1.
Reverse Transcription (RT) was performed on a PELTIER THERMAL
CYCLER with 4 block assembly, Model PTC 225, from MJ RESEARCH. The
Taqman instrument was 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System, Applied
Biosystems, Part number: 4330966; Serial number: 279001674. 20 ul
of cell lysate per sample (or water for no template control) was
added to 80 ul RT master mix (50 ul 2.times.RT buffer, 5 ul
20.times.RT Enzyme mix, 25 ul RNase-free water). RT sequence:
reverse transcription at 37 degreeC for 60 minutes, RT inactivation
at 95 degreeC for 5 minutes, hold at 4 degreeC forever. For Taqman
real-time PCR, PCR cocktail was prepared as follows: 10 ul Taqman
gene expression master mix (2.times.), 1 ul Taqman gene expression
assay (20.times.), 1 ul human GAPDH endogenous control (20.times.),
3 ul water, add 5 ul DNA. Taqman cycling conditions: UDG incubation
hold was 1 rep at 50 degreeC for 2 minutes, enzyme activation was 1
rep at 95 degreeC for 10 minutes, and PCR cycle was 40 reps at 95
degreeC for 15 seconds followed by 60 degreeC for 1 minute. LOX
activity results in crosslinking of extracellular collagen and
elastin, resulting in stabilization of the extracellular matrix,
and its upregulation has been implicated in experimental pulmonary
fibrosis (Rodriguez, C. et al., Drug News Perspect. 21:218-224,
2008).
[0134] IL-4 and IL-13 induced LOX gene expression, and this
expression was inhibited by huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 in a
dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 3-6 nM (FIG. 4). This effect
has been observed in pulmonary fibroblasts from at least 3 IPF
patients. IL-4 and IL-13 failed to induce genes for fibronectin and
insulin-growth factors (IGF; data not shown). This data demonstrate
pulmonary fibroblasts from IPF subjects express functional
IL-4/IL-13 receptors whose activation by IL-4 and IL-13 results in
direct and indirect profibrotic effects. The activation of the
profibrotic effects of pulmonary fibroblasts from IPF patients with
the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 is inhibited by
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1.
Example 5
Effect of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 Against Allergen-Induced Acute
Asthma in Cynomolgus Monkeys
[0135] Since huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 does not bind to rodent IL-4
or IL-13, we were not able to test the molecule for protective
effects in rodent models of lung fibrosis. Although
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 does bind to cynomolgus monkey IL-4 and
IL-13, there are no models of lung fibrosis available in this
species. Therefore, to test the ability of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
to inhibit effects of IL-4 and IL-13 in the pulmonary compartment,
we investigated its protective effects in a model of acute asthma
in a non-human primate species (cynomolgus monkeys). The study used
male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that are naturally
sensitized to Ascaris suum allergens.
[0136] To induce airway hyperresponsiveness and airways
inflammation, monkeys were challenged with inhaled Ascaris suum
extract. Six days before antigen challenge, monkeys received
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 (2.5 mg/kg IV), or the same dose of a
comparator antibody (anti-IL-13, IMA638) or a control antibody
(control antibody does not bind IL-4 or IL-13).
[0137] Bronchoconstrictor responses (increases in lung resistance)
to ascending doses of inhaled methacholine were measured using a
MI.sup.2 respiratory analyzer. Measurements were made at least 24
hours before challenge, and again 24 hours after challenge. Airway
responsiveness was calculated as the provocation concentration of
methacholine required to cause a 100% increase in lung resistance
(PC.sub.100). Immediately after measurement of airway
responsiveness, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to allow
counts of total leukocytes and eosinophils in the airways. Cell
counts were expressed as cell numbers per ml of lavage fluid. The
differences ( ) in methacholine PC.sub.100 values and airway cell
numbers before and after antigen challenge were calculated.
[0138] Blood samples were collected 24 hours before antigen
challenge, and again 7 days after challenge, to allow assay of
total immunoglobulin E (IgE) titers. The percent change in IgE
titer was calculated.
[0139] Antigen challenge caused airway hyperresponsiveness (i.e. a
decreased methacholine PC100 (FIG. 4) and an accumulation of total
leukocytes and eosinophils in the airways (FIGS. 5 and 6). When
compared with control antibody, prophylactic treatment with either
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 (2.5 mg/kg) or IMA638 (2.5 mg/kg)
significantly suppressed the development of airway
hyperresponsiveness. IMA638, but not huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1,
significantly reduced the antigen-induced accumulation of total
leukocytes in the airways (FIGS. 5 and 6). huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
or IMA638 had no significant effects on the accumulation of
eosinophils. huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1, but not IMA638, significantly
reduced the IgE titer (FIG. 7).
Example 6
Effects of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 Against TF-1 Cell Proliferation
Induced by Recombinant Human and Cynomologus Monkey IL-4 and IL-13
in Vitro
[0140] As a further study of the ability of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
to inhibit IL-4 and IL-13-induced cell activation, the 10.sub.50
values for inhibition of TF-1 cell (a human erythrocyte line)
proliferation induced by recombinant human IL-4 (hIL-4) and IL-13
(hIL-13) was determined. IL-4- or IL-13-induced TF-1 cell
proliferation is commonly used in the literature as an assay for
the bioactivities of these cytokines.
[0141] TF-1 cells were incubated for 72 hours with
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 at a range of concentrations together with
either hIL-4 (5 ng/ml), hIL-13 (15 ng/ml), cIL-4 (5 ng/ml) or
cIL-13 (30 ng/ml).
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was
added for the final 3 hours as a marker of cell proliferation.
Optical density values at 490 nm were then recorded.
[0142] huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 markedly inhibited hIL-4, cIL-4,
hIL-13 and cIL-13-induced TF-1 cell proliferation in a
concentration-dependent manner and with comparable potencies. The
geometric mean IC.sub.50 values were 2.03 nM and 0.53 nM
respectively against hIL-4 and cIL-4-induced proliferation, and
3.02 nM and 0.45 nM respectively against hIL-13 and cIL-13-induced
proliferation are shown in Table 4.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Inhibitory effects of huTBTI3_2_1 against
TF-1 cell proliferation induced by recombinant human and cynomolgus
monkey IL-4 and IL-13 Mean IC.sub.50, nM Inhibition of human IL-4
2.03 Inhibition of human IL-13 3.02 Inhibition of cynomolgus IL-4
0.53 Inhibition of cynomolgus IL-13 0.45 IC.sub.50 = Concentration
of SAR156597 that inhibits proliferation by 50%. n = 3
(experimental triplicates).
[0143] The results of this study demonstrate that
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 neutralizes the biological activities of
IL-4 and IL-13 as shown by the decreased cell proliferation of TF-1
cells following stimulation by these cytokines. Hence, targeting
these cytokines with huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 offers a therapeutic
approach that may interrupt the fibrotic process in patients with
IPF.
Example 7
Effects of SAR156597 on IL-4 and IL-13 Mediated TGF.beta.
Release
[0144] IL-4 and IL-13 have been shown to stimulate TGF.beta.
release from human pulmonary epithelial cells. We determined the
effect of SAR156597 on release of this profibrotic cytokine from
human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) and human bronchial
epithelieal cells (NHBE). SAEC were plated on 12 well plates at
50,000 cells per well in small airway epithelial culture medium
(Lonza) and cultured for 3 days. NHBE cells were cultured at 75,000
cells per well in 12 wells plates in BMEM (Lonza) for 3 days. Cells
were starved with basal medium containing 5 .mu.g/ml insulin and 5
.mu.g/ml transferrin overnight and then treated with a combination
of 15 ng/ml (1.2 nM) rhIL-13 plus 5 ng/ml (0.36 nM) rhlL-4 in the
presence of a range of concentrations of SAR156597. TGF.beta.2 in
cell supernatants was determined by ELISA (E-biosciences,
cat#BMS254). SAR156597 inhibited IL-4 and IL-3 stimulated
TGF.beta.2 release from NHBE and SAEC cells in a dose-dependent
manner (FIG. 8).
Example 8
Pharmacokinetic Study after Repeated Intravenous 5 Minutes
Infusions of 2.5 mg/kg of Humanized Bispecific Anti-IL-4/IL-13
(huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1) Monoclonal Antibody to Cynomolgus
Monkeys
[0145] In this study the pharmacokinetic properties of
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1, a humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody
(BsAb) to IL-4/IL-13, was measured after repeat dose
administration. The goal was to demonstrate that there was an
accumulation of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 over time and to monitor
the animal production of anti-drug antibodies.
[0146] Male Macaca fascicularis (6-8 kg) were obtained from Charles
River, Houston, Tx. Route of administration was by i/v perfusion in
5 minutes. Five doses were given serially. Blood samples (1 ml)
were taken at the following time points: (first dose) 0 h, 0.5 h, 2
h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, 144 h, 168 h, 240 h;
(second, third and fourth dose) Oh, 0.5 h, 2 h, 24 h; (fifth dose)
Oh, 0.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, 144 h, 168
h, 240 h, 336 h, 504 h, 672 h, 840 h, 1008 h (h=hour).
[0147] The serum samples were stored at -20.degree. C. until
analysis. Two separate assays using enhanced
electro-chemiluminescence (EECL) assays with Meso Scale Discovery
(MSD) technology were used to determine huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
levels in serum (FIG. 9). A third assay was developed to evaluate
the anti-drug-antibody (ADA), i.e. anti-bispecific monkey
antibodies, response.
[0148] The first assay (diagramed in panel A of FIG. 9) was
designed to detect the total amount of human antibody in the serum
by measuring the concentration of human light chain kappa). In this
assay, MSD high binding plates were coated overnight with 1
.mu.g/mL of mouse monoclonal anti-human kappa chain (clone 4G7;
Abcam; #ab1936) diluted in PBS. Following an overnight incubation
at 4.degree. C. with serum samples diluted 1:1000 and 1:5000,
Sulfo-Tag labeled goat anti-human antibody (MSD; # R32AJ-1) at a
concentration of 1 .mu.g/mL was added and detected using a MSD
plate Sector Imager 6000.
[0149] The second assay (diagramed in panel B of FIG. 9) was
designed to measure the proportion of bispecific antibody in the
serum capable of binding IL-4 and IL-13 (measurement of the amount
of functional antibody). In this assay, MSD high binding plates
were incubated overnight at 4.degree. C. sequentially with 2
.mu.g/mL of a mouse anti-human IL-4 (clone 4D9; Ancell; #ANC-396),
then with 200 ng/mL of recombinant human IL-4 (eBioscience,
#34-8049) and finally with monkey sera diluted 1:1000 and 1:5000.
Bound bispecific antibodies were revealed by sequential incubation
with 200 ng/mL of recombinant human IL-13 (eBioscience; #34-8139,
then with 200 ng/mL of biotinylated rabbit polyclonal anti-human
IL-13 antibody (eBioscience; #13-7138) and finally with Sulfo-Tag
streptavidin (MSD; # R32AA-1) at a concentration of 1 .mu.g/mL.
[0150] Thirdly, ADAs were detected with a bridging assay (diagramed
in panel C of FIG. 8). In brief, sera diluted 1:10 were incubated
overnight at 4.degree. C. with a mixture of biotinylated and
Sulfo-tagged huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 (2 .mu.g/mL of each final).
Complexes were then trapped in streptavidin coated plates (MSD;
#L11 SA-1) by incubation for 4 hours at room temperature and
revealed using a MSD plate Sector Imager 6000.
[0151] Standard sample concentrations were prepared in PBS
containing 0.5% BSA as indicated in the following table. For the
assay to detect the total amount of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 there
was no significant difference whether calibration samples were
prepared in PBS containing 0.5% BSA, 0.1% monkey plasma or PBS
containing 0.5% BSA only. For the assay to detect the fraction of
huTBTIb 3.sub.--2.sub.--1 specific to IL-4 and IL-13 there was no
significant difference whether calibration samples were prepared in
PBS containing 0.5% BSA, 1% monkey plasma or PBS containing 0.5%
BSA only. Both calibration curves were weighed by 1/x.sup.2 using a
linear regression and shown to be linear within all calibration
points (R.sup.2>0.98).
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Standard Sample Concentrations Sample
Concentrations of Assay Compound ID Matrix Standards (ng/ml) Total
BsAb huTBTI3_2_1 PBS, 0.5% 50; 16.7; 5.6; 1.9; Batch BSA 0.6; 0.2;
0.07 #LP08059 BsAb specific huTBTI3_2_1 PBS, 0.5% 200; 50; 12.5;
3.1; to IL-4 and Batch BSA 0.8; 0.2; 0.05 IL-13 #LP08059
[0152] In parallel to ADA measurements from sera, a data validation
curve was obtained by mixing dilutions of a mock ADA with
biotinylated and Sulfo-tagged huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1. That
antibody was a mouse anti-human IgG4 (Abcam; #ab1950-1) and showed
the best signal to noise ratio out of several antibodies
tested.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Standard Sample Concentrations for ADA
Concentrations of Assay Compound ID Sample Matrix Standards (ng/ml)
ADA Mock ADA PBS, 0.5% 10000; 2500; 625; BSA 156; 39; 9.7
[0153] The lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) of
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 were 70 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL for total assay
and specific assay respectively. The determination of ADA response
is not quantitative but qualitative in comparison to the mock ADA
response.
[0154] The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the
arithmetic mean of the serum concentrations/the individual animals
following the 5.sup.th dose using the program WinNonLin 5.2.,
non-compartment model 202.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Total concentrations of bispecific
antibodies (BsAb) in monkey sera following repeated intravenous 5
minutes infusions of 2.5 mg/kg of huTBTI3_2_1 (batch #LP08059) in
PBS. For each time point, values are mean concentrations out of
three independent measurements done in triplicates. Theo- Theo-
retical retical sampling sampling Concentrations of total
huTBTI3_2_1 time (h) time (h) [ng/mL] from 1st from last Monkey
Monkey Dosing dose dose #1 SD #2 SD mean dose 1 0 0 <LLOQ n.c.
<LLOQ n.c. n.c. 0.5 0.5 77000 23000 87100 25000 82100 2 2 60000
13300 109000 45900 84500 4 4 74000 20800 81700 29400 77900 8 8
54800 11900 64100 12000 59500 24 24 60300 15200 77800 41400 69100
48 48 58700 23800 51700 19400 55200 72 72 41400 10600 38600 7290
40000 96 96 45000 2080 48100 19600 46600 120 120 50700 25600 45800
25800 48300 144 144 53500 32400 53900 39800 53700 168 168 31700
12000 34700 19300 33200 240 240 28200 5170 20800 2270 24500 dose 2
336 0 29700 7420 30500 15500 30100 336.5 0.5 114000 27800 125000
9280 119500 338 2 120000 20400 121000 12900 120500 360 24 91600
19900 84000 9590 87800 dose 3 504 0 83700 16400 47200 287 65500
504.5 0.5 165000 18700 120000 18800 143000 506 2 206000 13100
173000 15600 189500 528 24 156000 18700 104000 10100 130000 dose 4
672 0 101000 9300 69400 11300 85200 672.5 0.5 151000 17600 169000
13000 160000 674 2 186000 29200 202000 3990 194000 696 24 164000
49500 135000 8050 150000 dose 5 840 0 134000 11900 91600 361 113000
840.5 0.5 212000 8650 206000 6180 209000 842 2 219000 13100 174000
9480 197000 844 4 183000 2480 143000 11200 163000 848 8 161000 3310
170000 22000 166000 864 24 218000 8340 205000 3340 212000 888 48
141000 5090 114000 5350 128000 912 72 196000 19100 154000 5540
175000 936 96 243000 14800 128000 19300 186000 960 120 97200 14900
159000 5310 128000 984 144 127000 10000 92600 15100 110000 1,008
168 150000 2040 102000 4600 126000 1,080 240 132000 12200 94700
28300 114000 1176 336 101000 19000 67900 13500 84500 1344 504
100000 21300 55400 67500 7700 1512 672 69400 12200 44500 9970 57000
1680 840 61400 19100 31600 4500 46500 1848 1008 51900 14100 22800
4320 37400 n.c. not calculated; LLOQ = 70 ng/mL
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Concentrations of bispecific antibodies
(BsAb) reactive to IL-4 and IL-13 in monkey sera following repeated
intravenous 5 minutes infusions of 2.5 mg/kg of huTBTI3_2_1 (batch
#LP08059) in PBS. For each time point, values are mean
concentrations out of three independent measurements done in
triplicates. Theo- Theo- retical retical sam- sam- pling pling time
(h) time (h) Concentrations of total huTBTI3_2_1 from from [ng/mL]
1st last Monkey Monkey Dosing dose dose #1 SD #2 SD mean dose 1 0 0
<LLOQ n.c. <LLOQ n.c. n.c. 0.5 0.5 104000 3370 115000 3510
110000 2 2 80600 1030 152000 5300 116000 4 4 100000 2610 110000
4830 105000 8 8 70400 1200 85800 3930 78100 24 24 74100 1570 116000
4020 95100 48 48 75400 675 73900 126 74700 72 72 52800 57 48600 776
50700 96 96 48900 1300 59500 2120 54200 120 120 71600 2180 63800
802 67700 144 144 76800 2510 77700 725 77300 168 168 45700 883
44800 9690 45300 240 240 34400 183 25700 892 30100 dose 2 336 0
34500 3700 42000 11000 38300 336.5 0.5 143000 7860 175000 26500
159000 338 2 143000 4610 172000 31200 158000 360 24 115000 14900
112000 19500 114000 dose 3 504 0 84600 26400 55500 10100 70100
504.5 0.5 176000 7540 158000 67600 167000 506 2 205000 24300 208000
66500 207000 528 24 145000 18700 112000 20700 129000 dose 4 672 0
93900 9830 69700 14200 81800 672.5 0.5 151000 645 17900 44900 84500
674 2 187000 3340 219000 46500 203000 696 24 161000 9680 156000
6660 159000 dose 5 840 0 118000 5840 94200 3860 106100 840.5 0.5
196000 8620 218000 25300 207000 842 2 211000 6900 195000 23200
203000 844 4 184000 6100 161000 171001 73000 848 8 159000 12000
182000 13200 171000 864 24 218000 31900 194000 18800 206000 888 48
128000 9180 118000 13900 123000 912 72 149000 1910 156000 n.c.
153000 936 96 157000 53400 145000 n.c. 151000 960 120 93300 6350
172000 27300 133000 984 144 117000 1660 98600 157010 8000 1,008 168
137000 6860 116000 20300 127000 1,080 240 114000 1410 98000 11800
06000 1176 336 85100 11400 64400 13300 74800 1344 504 77700 12300
48800 10100 63300 1512 672 47600 978 37100 8250 42400 1680 840
36400 1600 22800 3130 29600 1848 1008 21900 9550 15400 3460 18700
n.c. not calculated; LLOQ = 5 ng/mL
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Pharmacokinetic parameters of huTBTI3_2_1
after repeated intravenous 5 minutes infusions of 2.5 mg/kg of
huTBTI3_2_1 (Batch #LP08059) in PBS in monkeys. Parameters were
obtained after analysis of the functional BsAb concentration values
with WinNonLin 5.2, non-compartment model 202. Intravenous
administration (2.5 mg/kg) - 1st dose C.sub.max AUC.sub.(0-336h)
t.sub.last Subject (ng/mL) (ng h/mL) (h) Monkey #1 104000 17000000
336 Monkey #2 152000 18000000 336 Average 128000 18000000 336
Intravenous administration (2.5 mg/kg) - 5.sup.th dose C.sub.max
AUC.sub.(0-1008h) t.sub.last AUC.sub.(0-inf) AUC.sub.(0-336h)
T.sub.1/2 CI Vd.sub.ss Subject (ng/mL) (ng h/mL) (h) (ng h/mL) (ng
h/mL) (h) (L/h/kg) (L/kg) Monkey #1 220000 79000000 1008 90000000
43000000 360 0.000028 0.014 Monkey #2 220000 65000000 1008 72000000
40000000 290 0.000035 0.014 Average 220000 72000000 1008 81000000
42000000 330 0.000032 0.014 Accumulation ratio (= AUC.sub.(0-336h)
dose 5/AUC.sub.(0-336h) dose 1) = 2.3
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Anti-drug antibody response to huTBTI3_2_1
after repeated intravenous 5 minutes infusions of 2.5 mg/kg of
huTBTI3_2_1 (Batch #LP08059) in PBS in monkeys. Theoretical
Theoretical sampling sampling time (h) time (h) MSD signal from
serum samples 1:10 from 1st from last (arbitrary unit) Dosing dose
dose Monkey #1 SD Monkey #2 SD mean dose 1 0 0 769 71 714 71 742
0.5 0.5 565 68 468 50 516 2 2 559 42 547 14 553 4 4 511 39 531 51
521 8 8 477 55 506 45 492 24 24 509 17 497 73 503 48 48 533 93 479
56 506 72 72 689 60 644 55 667 96 96 2000 110 1110 24 1560 120 120
4320 77 1030 103 2680 144 144 5550 677 810 114 3180 168 168 3030
179 663 86 1850 240 240 1720 15 571 25 1150 dose 2 336 0 1270 61
610 15 940 336.5 0.5 925 90 595 20 760 338 2 1000 35 604 78 802 360
24 751 17 716 109 734 dose 3 504 0 965 53 945 27 955 504.5 0.5 668
90 716 5 692 506 2 597 63 585 52 591 528 24 500 48 562 54 531 dose
4 672 0 646 52 646 26 646 672.5 0.5 493 33 593 67 543 674 2 573 60
631 28 602 696 24 644 49 508 70 576 dose 5 840 0 672 48 452 23 562
840.5 0.5 563 39 449 45 506 842 2 530 22 463 20 497 844 4 502 61
449 56 476 848 8 525 61 388 16 456 864 24 505 59 440 46 472 888 48
706 126 564 54 635 912 72 616 59 396 50 506 936 96 618 71 467 44
542 960 120 743 113 393 71 568 984 144 616 68 402 56 509 1008 168
467 28 402 48 435 1080 240 487 9 430 26 459 1176 336 503 25 421 12
462 1344 504 570 69 403 39 487 1512 672 667 47 412 10 540 1680 840
583 33 431 21 507 1848 1008 541 109 400 53 470
[0155] The serum exposure of the bispecific antibody
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 to IL-13/IL-4 was measured in male
cynomolgus monkeys to establish repeat dose pharmacokinetic
parameters.
[0156] huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1, at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, was given
repeatedly to cynomolgus monkeys via intravenous infusions in a
serial sampling paradigm. The antibody shows accumulation from the
1.sup.st to the 5.sup.th dose. C.sub.max and partial AUC.sub.0-336h
increase from 128,000 ng/mL to 220,000 ng/mL and 18,000,000 ngh/mL
to 42,000,000 ngh/mL respectively. After the 5.sup.th dose there is
good exposure to the antibody with AUC.sub.0-inf of 81,000,000
ngh/mL (see FIG. 10). The antibody shows a serum clearance of
0.000032 L/hr-kg and a volume of distribution of 0.014 L/kg. The
terminal elimination half-life is found to be 330 hours.
[0157] One monkey of the study shows a transient anti-drug antibody
(ADA) response, which peaks on days 5-7. ADA level is back to
background level by the day of the second infusion. There is no
significant rise of ADA levels thereafter. The other monkey
displays no significant levels of ADA at anytime. No particular
clinical sign or weight loss was observed during or after
administration.
Example 9
Study Design Summary for a Randomized, Double-Blind,
Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and
Pharmacokinetics of Ascending Single Subcutaneous Doses of
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 in Healthy Young Male Subjects
[0158] This is the first investigation of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
in humans and involves careful dose escalation in healthy subjects
to obtain initial information on the safety, tolerability, and
pharmacokinetic (PK) of single subcutaneous (SC) doses. Dose
escalation was conducted in cohorts of healthy young male subjects
(18 to 45 years of age, body weight between 50.0 and 95 kg, body
mass index between 18.0 and 30.0 kg/m.sup.2; certified as healthy
by a comprehensive clinical assessment; normal heart rate and blood
pressure after 10 minutes resting in supine position: 95
mmHg<systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg; 45 mmHg<diastolic
blood pressure <90 mmHg; 40 bpm<heart rate<100 bpm; Normal
standard 12-lead ECG after 10 minutes resting in supine position;
120 ms<PR<220 ms; QRS<120 ms; QTc 430 ms; laboratory
paramaters within normal range; C-reactive protein should not
exceed 3 mg/L (using a high-sensitivity method of measurement);
cardiac troponin I must not exceed the upper laboratory norm.)
[0159] This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled, ascending single SC dose study in four
sequential cohorts of healthy young male subjects. Each dose
cohort/group was designed to consist of 8 subjects (6 receiving
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 and 2 receiving placebo). This stepwise,
dose escalation design was typical for introduction of a new
therapeutic entity into humans.
[0160] The observation period of 85 days (.about.12 weeks) after
dosing for treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and PK
analysis was appropriate taking into account a typical elimination
half-life for a monoclonal antibody of about 15 days. If ADA or
autoimmunity antibodies (rheumatoid factor [RF], antinuclear
antibodies [ANA], or anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies [ANCA])
measured at 12 weeks after dosing were increased from baseline,
then an additional follow-up visit would occur at 6 months after
dosing to document resolution or longer-term persistence. If, at
the end of dose escalation in four sequential dose cohorts,
additional information was needed at doses below the highest
administered dose, then a fifth dose cohort of 8 subjects will be
dosed and evaluated.
[0161] Given the immunomodulatory mechanism of action of
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1, several specific laboratory tests related
to inflammation were implemented.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP):
[0162] Inflammation is associated with elevations in acute phase
proteins such as CRP. Using high sensitivity methodology, the upper
limit of normal (ULN) for high sensitivity C-reactive protein
(hsCRP) is now often stated to be 3 mg/L for the purpose of
assessing cardiovascular risk; however, about a third of healthy
subjects in the United States have CRP values between 3 and 10
mg/L, with occasional spurious elevations between 10 and 15 mg/L
(Kushner I., et al. Am J Med 2006; 119(2):166.e17-28; Ridker, P M,
et al., Circulation 2003:107(3):391-7; Pearson T A, et al,
Circulation 2003:107(3):499-511; Ridker P M et al,
2000:342(12):836-43; Unek, I T et al., Clin Med. Res. 2010;
8(2)89-95). Using serial sampling from healthy subjects, the
critical difference for sequential values significant at P<0.05
(ie, the smallest percentage change unlikely to be due to
analytical variability or normal within-subject variability) has
been reported to be 118% (Macy E M et al, Clin Chem
1997:43(1):52-8). C-reactive protein values are typically
considered clinically significant at levels above 10 mg/L, and
sustained elevations above this level may be cause for concern.
During acute inflammatory responses, values exceeding 100 mg/L can
be observed (Clin B and OlshakerJS, J. Emerg Med. 1999:
17(6)1019-25). Elevation in CRP has been consistently reported for
conditions of active vasculitis (Konttinen Y T et al, Ind J
Rheumatol 2007:2(3):100-4Hesselink D A et al., Scand J Rheumatol
2003:32(3)151-5). For this protocol, hsCRP was used, along with
clinical observations, as the primary instrument for detection of
drug-related inflammation and possible vasculitis. A sustained
elevation in hsCRP above 10 mg/L for at least 72 hours, was viewed
as possible early evidence of vasculitis. In general, drug-induced
vasculitis is reversible upon discontinuation of treatment, and
markers of inflammation such as hsCRP should return to normal or
baseline values (Wiik, A, Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008:20(1)35-9;
Calabrese L H and DunaGF, Curr Opin Rheumatol 1996; 8(1)34-40). In
addition, consecutive elevations above 20 mg/L after drug
administration can be viewed as evidence of a possible drug-related
pro-inflammatory stimulus and, after excluding other causes of
inflammation such as acute infections, possible reason for
cessation of further dosing.
Cardiac Troponin I:
[0163] Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was monitored to detect
myocardial injury caused by potential coronary vasculitis (Kim M
and Kim K, Pediatr Cardiol, 1999:20(3): 184-8). Interpretation of
cTnI in the study was made in the context of clinical signs,
symptoms, ECG and hsCRP, as cTnI elevations may be caused by
factors other than myocardial injury (including strenuous exercise)
(Wu A H, et al. Clin Chem. 2007; 53(12):2086-96).
Supplementary Tests for Vasculitis:
[0164] To further characterize inflammation associated with
sustained elevations in hsCRP in individual subjects, additional
laboratory tests related to vasculitis were performed, including
tests for complement (C3, C4, and CH.sub.50), cryoglobulin, ANCA
(immunofluorescence for perinuclear and cytoplasmic ANCA and
confirmatory immunoassays for anti-protease 3 [PR3] and
anti-myeloperoxidase), RF, and ANA. Baseline values were
established prior to dosing for all subjects; further assay of
these supplementary tests for vasculitis were done for individual
subjects who showed sustained elevation in hsCRP (>10 mg/L for
at least 72 hours), in which case the supplementary tests were
performed immediately (as soon as practicable) and at several
subsequent visits.
[0165] The proposed array of supplementary tests provided insight
into the mechanism of vasculitis, should it occur. ANCA is a new
classification criteria (Sunderkotter C and Sindrilaru A. Eur J.
Dermatol. 2006; 16(2):114-24; Watts R et al., Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;
66(2):222-7; Watts R A et al., Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 July
20:1-3). ANCA are classified according to the indirect
immunofluorescence (IIF) patterns they produce on normal
neutrophils and according to their target antigens (Pollock W et
al. J Immunol Methods. 2009; 347(1-2):19-23; De Rosa FG and Agnello
V. J. Rheumatol. 2009; 36(9):1953-5; Clin Sci (Lond). 2005;
108(2):101-12) If myeloperoxidase-ANCA is positive, Churg-Strauss
syndrome or microscopic polyarteritis can be suspected. If PR3-ANCA
is positive Wegener's granulomatosis is most likely. If ANCA test
is negative and cryoglobulin test is positive, cryoglobulinemic
vasculitis should be suspected and its underlying diseases should
be ruled out, particularly hepatitis C and B, systemic lupus
erythematous (SLE), and Sjogren's syndrome. Serum C3 and C4 are
often consumed in cryoglobulinemia, but are usually normal in
polyarteritis nodosa as well as ANCA vasculitis. ANCA can be
positive in the presence of other diseases including infection,
inflammatory bowel disease and other connective tissue disease (eg,
rheumatoid arthritis). In these cases, ANCA are positive but are
negative for PR3 and myeloperoxidase.
Vascular Endothelial Activation Biomarkers:
[0166] The development of vasculitic lesions is associated with
activation of endothelial cells and neutrophils (Tesfamariam B and
DeFelice A F. Vascul Pharmacol. 2007; 46(4):229-37; Toxicol Appl
Pharmacol. 2005; 207(2 Suppl):441-5). Enhanced expression of
adhesion molecules such as e-selectin promotes interaction of the
endothelium with circulating inflammatory cells. Various
endothelial activation markers such as endothelin-1 and
thrombomodulin are reportedly elevated during vasculitis. Vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can alter vascular permeability
and is elevated in serum from patients with Behcet's disease,
microscopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa, giant cell
arteritis, and systemic vasculitis (Cekmen M et al., Int J.
Dermatol. 2003; 42(11):870-5). If treatment-emergent inflammation
(eg, sustained hsCRP elevations) or changes in laboratory values
consistent with vasculitis was noted in multiple subjects, then
archival serum and plasma samples (collected before and
periodically after drug administration) was assayed for various
exploratory biomarkers associated with vascular endothelial
activation to further characterize the nature of the
inflammation.
Lymphocyte Subsets:
[0167] To assure that specific subtypes of human lymphocytes are
not selectively affected by huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1, lymphocyte
subsets were assessed using flow cytometry. This will include total
T cells, T helper cells (CD4), T suppressor cells (CD8), and total
B cells (CD19) expressed as absolute numbers and as a percent of
total lymphocytes, as well as the CD4/CD8 ratio.
Immunogenicity
[0168] Systemic administration of monoclonal antibodies is
associated with generation of ADA which can alter the PK and/or
activity of the therapeutic antibodies (Hansel T T et al. Nat Rev
Drug Discov. 2010; 9(4):325-38). Immunogenicity was assessed using
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for
anti-huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 antibodies; a functional assay for
assessment of antibody neutralization of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
may be employed during future studies.
Urinary Albumin:
[0169] Appearance of protein in the urine is an indication of
increased permeability of the renal glomeruli and, during clinical
drug trials, evidence of possible renal injury. A standard urine
dipstick assay for protein is typically used for this purpose.
However, dipstick methodology may not detect the more subtle
changes in glomerular function as might occur during early stages
of vasculitis. Therefore, a more sensitive assay for urinary
albumin was used during initial clinical studies of
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1. An early morning spot urine collection was
used to monitor potential appearance of microalbuminuria and
reported as the albumin/creatinine ratio to correct for
fluctuations in the extent of urine solute dilution. Post-treatment
appearance of microalbuminuria was defined as observation of an
albumin/creatinine ratio >30 .mu.g/mg in 2 of 3 consecutive
urine collections, as recommended for the monitoring of patients
with diabetes mellitus (American Diabetes Association. Standards of
medical care in diabetes--2009. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32 Suppl
1:S13-61). Since exercise can transiently elevate urinary albumin,
vigorous physical exercise must be restricted prior to urine
collection (Heathcote K L et al., Clin Invest Med. 2009;
32(4):E261-5). Urinary albumin results obtained within 24 hours of
vigorous physical exercise must be excluded from consideration for
purposes of defining microalbuminuria. An observation of an
albumin/creatinine ratio >300 .mu.g/mg in 2 of 3 consecutive
urine collections was assessed as evidence of macroalbuminuria
(American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in
diabetes--2009. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32 Suppl 1:S13-61).
Tolerability at the Site of Investigational Product (IP)
Injection:
[0170] The degree of discomfort and tissue reaction at the site of
IP injection was monitored for up to 2 weeks after dosing,
including standard qualitative and quantitative assessments for
present pain (verbal scale) (Melzack R. The McGill Pain
Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain 1975;
1:277-299) and for erythema and swelling/induration/edema (Guidance
for industry: toxicity grading scale for healthy adult and
adolescent volunteers enrolled in preventive vaccine clinical
trials, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug
Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research,
September 2007).
[0171] The dose escalation steps for TDU11325 are provided in Table
11. The dose escalation ratio is 2-fold at each escalation step.
This serial increase in dose is typical for initial clinical trials
of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and is supported by careful
monitoring of potential safety signals.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Sequential subcutaneous doses of
huTBTI3_2_1 Total volume Dose in mg/kg injected assuming body
Incremental Dose cohorts subcutaneously weight of 60 kg increase 10
mg 0.1 mL 0.17 mg/kg 20 mg 0.2 mL 0.33 mg/kg 2 40 mg 0.4 mL 0.67
mg/kg 2 80 mg 0.8 mL 1.33 mg/kg 2 150 mg 1.5 ml 2.50 mg/kg 1.9 300
mg 3.0 ml 5.0 mg/kg 2
[0172] Higher doses of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 could be tested
depending on the results of the lower doses. Higher doses could
include any dose lower than, equal to or higher than a 300 mg
cohort. Additional dose cohorts contemplated include but are not
limited to 175 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 250 mg, 275 mg and 300 mg.
Addititonal dose cohorts could also be 300 mg, 350 mg, 400 mg or
higher.
[0173] huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 or placebo was administered as
periumbilical SC injections in a fasted condition in a zone 4 to 10
cm to the right or left of the umbilicus and above the waistline.
The dose cohorts in TDU11325 were obligatorily initiated as smaller
subgroups as a safety precaution. For each dose cohort, 2 subjects
were dosed on the first day. The remaining subjects in the cohort
were dosed no sooner than 2 days (.about.48 hours) later, with no
more than 2 subjects dosed each day.
[0174] A decision to proceed from dose "n" to the next higher "n+1"
dose was made jointly by the Sponsor and the Investigator based on
a preliminary safety report provided by the Investigator which
includes blinded safety data for at least 21 days postdose (Day 22)
of at least 6 out of 8 subjects of dose level cohort "n". Thus,
taking into account the staggered dosing within a cohort, a new
dose cohort was initiated about every 4 weeks. The relevant data
for this decision should be at least: adverse events, hematology,
lymphocyte subsets, coagulation, urinalysis, serum biochemistry
(including hsCRP and cTnI), ECG, blood pressure, heart rate, and
body temperature. The available PK data was also reviewed during
the study progression.
[0175] In addition to the classic assessment of serious adverse
events and the occurrence/severity of other adverse events by the
Sponsor and the Investigator, after exploring potential confounding
factors, the following criteria were considered as guidance for the
decision to stop dosing: [0176] More than 1 adverse event (same
verbatim) of severe intensity for which the relationship to
treatment cannot be reasonably excluded. The definition of "severe"
intensity for an adverse event is that it prevents daily activities
and requires symptomatic treatment; [0177] QTc.gtoreq.500 ms;
[0178] hsCRP>20 mg/L sustained for 2 consecutive blood
collections 24 hours apart [0179] Note: If hsCRP is >20 mg/L at
a scheduled collection timepoint, an additional blood sample should
be collected 24 hours later (or as soon as possible thereafter) for
retesting. [0180] huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 in lyophilized form for
preparation of SC dose solution with each vial containing 185 mg of
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 plus excipients and stored between
2.degree. C. and 8.degree. C. (36.degree. F. and 46.degree. F.). To
be reconstituted on the morning of dosing (no more than 1 hour
prior to SC injection) with 1.7 mL sterile, nonpyrogenic distilled
water at room temperature. The concentrations of the constituents
in solution after reconstitution for injection were: 100 mg/mL of
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 in 6.3 mmol/L monobasic sodium phosphate,
3.7 mmol/L tromethamine, 5% (weight/volume) sucrose, 3% (w/V)
proline, and 0.2% (w/V) polysorbate 80 with a final pH of 7.0. For
placebo, each vial will contain 2 mL of liquid consisting of the
same excipients at the same concentrations as for the reconstituted
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 formulation.
TABLE-US-00012 [0180] TABLE 12 Planned huTBTI3_2_1 subcutaneous
administration Group Dose (mg) Total volume injected 1 10 0.1 mL 2
20 0.2 mL 3 40 0.4 mL 4 80 0.8 mL 5 150 1.5 mL 6 300 3.0 mL (two
1.5 mL injections)
[0181] A predose fasting period commenced at least 10 hours prior
to dosing and continued for 2 hours after dosing.
[0182] The safety and tolerability investigations at baseline and
during the study consisted of: [0183] Physical examination
(includes at least: heart and respiratory auscultation; peripheral
arterial pulse in both arms and both legs; pupil, knee, Achilles,
and plantar reflexes; peripheral lymph nodes and abdomen
examination; inspection of skin, hands and feet); [0184] Body
weight (kg); [0185] Posteroanterior chest x-ray (at screening only
unless clinically indicated postdose) [0186] Body temperature
(either oral or tympanic but consistently the same method
throughout the study for all subjects); [0187] Heart rate and
systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured after 10 minutes in
supine resting position and after 3 minutes in standing position);
[0188] Laboratory tests (all blood samples collected in the morning
under fasted conditions, ie, only water for at least 10 hours
prior, unless otherwise specified): [0189] Hematology: red blood
cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood
cell count (WBC) with differential (neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes), platelets; [0190]
Coagulation: prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio
(INR), fibrinogen, and activated partial thromboplastin time
(aPTT); [0191] Serum biochemistry: Electrolytes: sodium, potassium,
chloride, calcium; Liver function: AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase,
gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total and conjugated bilirubin;
Renal function: urea, creatinine; Metabolism: glucose, albumin,
total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides; Potential muscle
toxicity: creatine kinase (CK); Potential cardiac toxicity: cTnI;
Inflammation biomarker: high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP); [0192]
Lymphocyte subsets: Total T cells (CD3), T helper cells (CD4), T
suppressor cells (CD8), and total B cells (CD19) by flow cytometry,
expressed as absolute numbers and as percent of total lymphocytes,
as well as the CD4/CD8 ratio. [0193] Immunogenicity:
anti-huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 antibodies; [0194] Supplementary tests
for vasculitis (at baseline and, then postdose only for subjects
exhibiting hsCRP>10 mg/L for .gtoreq.72 hours): Complement
assays: C3, C4, CH.sub.50;
Cryoglobulin;
[0195] Rheumatoid factor (RF); Anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANA):
HEp2 IIF (titer and pattern); Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic
autoantibodies (ANCA): immunofluorescence for perinuclear and
cytoplasmic ANCA and confirmatory immunoassays for anti-protease 3
and anti-myeloperoxidase. [0196] Serology tests: HBsAg, hepatitis B
core antibody, anti-HCV antibodies, anti-HIV1 and anti-HIV2
antibodies; [0197] Archival blood samples: Serum and plasma samples
were prepared and stored for future assay of laboratory parameters
needed to support safety assessment. In particular, an observation
of sustained inflammation (eg, hsCRP>10 mg/L for at least 72
hours) or appearance of treatment-emergent markers of vasculitis in
multiple subjects may lead to assay of exploratory biomarkers of
vascular endothelial activation. [0198] For serum, a 10 mL blood
sample was collected into a dry, red topped tube and, within 15
minutes of collection, centrifuged at approximately 1500 g for 10
minutes at 4.degree. C.; the serum was then be transferred in
roughly equal aliquots (using a plastic transfer pipet) into 3
storage tubes, which was immediately capped and frozen in an
upright position at -20.degree. C. or colder; [0199] For plasma, a
10 mL ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) blood sample was
collected into a purple-top tube and, within 15 minutes of
collection, centrifuged at approximately 1500 g for 10 minutes at
4.degree. C.; the plasma was then be transferred in roughly equal
aliquots (using a plastic transfer pipet) into 3 storage tubes,
which was immediately capped and frozen in an upright position at
-20.degree. C. or colder; [0200] Urinalysis: [0201] A midstream
urine specimen was collected and subjected to the following
analyses. [0202] A reagent strip dipstick analysis for detection of
protein, glucose, blood (heme), leucocytes, ketone bodies, and pH.
A positive glucose result should be confirmed with an alternative
methodology for glucose according to the local clinical laboratory
standard operating procedures. Upon initial detection of protein,
glucose, or blood in a subject's urine, an additional urine
specimen should be collected and subjected to urinalysis for
confirmation. [0203] The urine sediment should be examined for, at
a minimum, the following formed elements: red blood cells,
dysmorphic red blood cells, white blood cells, renal epithelial
cells, casts (hyaline, RBC, WBC, granular, waxy, fatty, renal
cell), bacteria, yeast and trichomonas. Abundance of each of these
elements should be scored using standard laboratory terminology and
units in use at the local laboratory (eg, number of cells per high
power field, few, abundant). Any additional unusual observations
should be noted on reports. [0204] Urine microalbumin: quantitative
assay of albumin and creatinine and calculation of
albumin/creatinine ratio (.mu.g/mg). [0205] Urine drug screen:
amphetamines/methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines,
cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates; [0206] Alcohol breath or blood
test; [0207] Adverse events, spontaneously reported by the subject
or observed by the Investigator, were monitored for definition of
adverse events and related responses); [0208] Standard 12-lead
ECGs. [0209] When vital signs, ECG, and blood samples were
scheduled at the same time as an Investigational product
administration and/or a meal, they were done prior to IP intake
and/or meal. Whenever measurements of vital signs, ECG, and blood
sampling for PK or safety coincided, the following order was
respected: ECG, vital signs, PK samples, and safety samples. [0210]
Twelve-lead ECGs were recorded after at least 10 minutes in supine
position using an electrocardiographic device. The electrodes were
positioned at the same place for each ECG recording throughout the
study (attachment sites of the leads will be marked with an
indelible pen). [0211] Each ECG consisted of a 10 second recording
of the 12 leads simultaneously, leading to: [0212] One single
12-lead ECG (25 mm/s, 10 mm/mV) print-out with heart rate, PR, QRS,
QT, QTc automatic correction evaluation, including date, time,
initials and number of the subject, signature of the research
physician, and at least 3 complexes for each lead. The Investigator
medical opinion and automatic values were recorded in the eCRF.
This printout was retained at the site level. As an exception,
recordings were obtained in triplicate on Day 1 pre-dose.
[0213] The skin around the periumbilical area was examined for
potential reactions to the SC injection. The maximum diameter of
erythema and swelling (including induration and/or edema) was
measured separately in millimeters and recorded. Erythema and
swelling was graded separately as follows in a manner similar to
the FDA guidance on assessment of vaccines. If there is no
treatment-emergent change in a parameter at the time of
observation, a value of 0 was recorded.
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Toxicity grading scale for local
tolerability Potentially Life Mild Moderate Severe Threatening
Erythema/ 2.5-5.0 cm 5.1-10.0 cm >10.0 cm Necrosis or Redness
exfoliative dermatitis Swelling/ 2.5-5.0 cm 5.1-10.0 cm >10.0 cm
or Necrosis Induration/ and does not or interferes prevents Edema
interfere with with activity daily activity activity
[0214] In addition, the degree of itching and appearance of
papules, pustules, and vesiculation was each scored using the
following grading scale: [0215] 0=None; 1=Hardly perceptible;
2=Mild; 3=Moderate; 4=Severe
[0216] Skin reactions of moderate intensity or worse were reported
as adverse events. The presence or the absence of the following
symptoms or superficial observations were recorded without grading:
erosion, dryness, scaling, cracking, scabbing, and glazing.
In addition, the present pain intensity was recorded using the
following verbal numeric rating scale (self assessment by the study
subject) based on a subset of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. A
subject-assessed pain score of will be reported as an adverse
event. [0217] 0=No Pain; 1=Mild; 2=Discomforting; 3=Distressing;
4=Horrible; 5=Excruciating
Pharmacokinetics
[0218] All blood collections for huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 PK
analysis were scheduled to occur within .+-.15% of the sampling
times. The number of plasma samples by subject and the total number
of samples for the study are given in Table 14.
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 TDU part - number of plasma samples
collected for huTBTI3_2_1 assays Total by subject 17 Total for
study (32 subjects).sup.a 544 .sup.aFour (4) dose groups of 8
subjects; not including optional 5th dose group
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Summary of sample handling procedures for
huTBTI3_2_1 assays Blood Sample Volume 4 mL Anticoagulant Sodium
citrate Plasma Aliquot Split Yes Plasma Storage Conditions
.ltoreq.-20.degree. C. Plasma Shipment Conditions On dry ice
[0219] An ELISA was used for the quantification of
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 in human plasma. Biotinylated IL-4 coated
on a streptavidin plate is used to capture huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1,
which is then detected by SulfoTag-IL-13. This format, which uses
electrochemiluminescence detection, is able to detect
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 that retains at least 1 unoccupied binding
site for IL-4 and 1 unoccupied binding site for IL-13. Since
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 plasma concentrations were typically
present in large molar excess compared to concentrations of IL-4
and IL-13, the assay reflected total concentrations of
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1.
[0220] The potential interference of ADA with
huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 measurements were taken into account when
assaying clinical samples.
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Summary of bioanalytical method for
huTBTI3_2_1 Analyte huTBTI3_2_1 Matrix Plasma Analytical Technique
ELISA Lower limit of Quantification 50 ng/mL (to be confirmed at
the end of validation) Analyte huTBTI3_2_1 Assay volume 100 .mu.L
Site of Bioanalysis Bertin Pharma (CRO) Saclay, France Method
Reference DOH0850 (validation on going) ELISA = enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay
[0221] For the analysis of potential anti-huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1
antibodies (ADA) in human plasma, a bridging qualitative ELISA
using electrochemiluminescence detection was used. A cut-off that
should provide a 5% false positive rate, above which a plasma
sample was considered as potentially positive for
anti-huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 antibody, was used in each screening
assay.
[0222] Positive samples in screening assay were then tested in a
confirmatory assay (competition with huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1) in
order to demonstrate the presence of antibodies and eliminate false
positive results generated from the initial screening assay.
Interference of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 in the ADA assay was be
documented so that the highest drug concentration that did not
affect the limit of ADA detection was known and the interpretation
of immunogenicity taken into account this parameter.
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Summary of bioanalytical method for
anti-huTBTI3_2_1 antibodies Analyte Anti-huTBTI3_2_1 antibodies
Matrix Plasma Analytical Technique ELISA (screening and
confirmatory assays) Sensitivity <100 ng/mL Assay volume 100
.mu.L Site of Bioanalysis Montpellier, France Method Reference
DOH0851 ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
[0223] Plasma concentrations were used to determine the PK
parameters of huTBTI3.sub.--2.sub.--1 listed in Table 18 using
standard non-compartmental techniques.
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 List of pharmacokinetic parameters for
plasma huTBTI3_2_1 and definitions Parameters
Definition/Calculation C.sub.max Maximum plasma concentration
observed t.sub.max First time to reach C.sub.max AUC.sub.last Area
under the plasma concentration versus time curve calculated using
the trapezoidal method from time zero to the real time AUG Area
under the plasma concentration versus time curve extrapolated to
infinity according to the following equation: AUC = AUC last + C
last .lamda. _ z ##EQU00003## t.sub.last Time corresponding to the
last concentration above the limit of quantification, C.sub.last
t.sub.1/2z Terminal half-life associated with the terminal slope
(.lamda.z) determined according to the following equation: t 1 / 2
Z = 0.693 .lamda. z ##EQU00004## where .lamda.z is the slope of the
regression line of the terminal phase of the plasma concentration
versus time curve, in semi-logarithmic scale. Half-life is
calculated by taking the regression of at least 3 points. CL/F
Apparent total body clearance of a drug from the plasma calculated
using the following equation: CL / F = Dose AUC ##EQU00005## Vss/F
Apparent volume of distribution at steady state after
non-intravenous administration Vss/F = CL/F * MRT
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Sampled blood volume Volume per Number of
Type sample samples Total Serology tests 5 mL 1 5 mL Hematology 3
mL 13.sup.a 39 mL Serum biochemistry with hsCRP 10 mL 13.sup.a 130
mL and cTnI Coagulation (PT, INR, fibrinogen, 3 mL 13.sup.a 39 mL
and aPTT) Lymphocyte subsets 4 mL 6 24 mL Pharmacogenetic for
stored DNA 6 mL 1 6 mL Pharmacokinetic huTBTI3_2_1 4 mL 17 68 mL
huTBTI3_2_1 immunogenicity 4 mL 5 20 mL (ADA) Archival sample -
serum 10 mL 5 50 mL Archival sample - EDTA plasma 10 mL 5 50 mL
Supplementary vasculitis tests 10 mL .sup. 6.sup.b 60 mL (frozen
serum) Cryoglobulin (room temperature 10 mL .sup. 6.sup.b 60 mL
serum) TOTAL 551 mL .sup.aIncludes optional 6-month visit
.sup.bIncludes 5 additional samples (beyond baseline on Day -1) to
be collected only if elevations in hsCRP >10 mg/L for >72
hours are observed. Abbreviations: ADA = anti-drug antibodies; aPTT
= activated partial thromboplastin time; cTnI = cardiac troponin I;
EDTA = ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid; hsCRP = high sensitivity
C-reactive protein; INR = international normalized ratio; PT =
prothrombin time
[0224] For C.sub.max, AUC.sub.last, AUC, dose proportionality was
assessed using the empirical power model (PK
parameter=.alpha..times.dose.sup..beta.), along with an
"estimation" interpretation, according to the recommendations of
Gough et al Pharmacokinetics UK Joint Working Group Drug Infor J
1995:29:1039-1048.
[0225] The power model will be fit on the log-transformed
scale:
log(parameter)=log(.alpha.)+.beta..times.log(dose)+Error.
[0226] Model lack-of-fit was assessed by residual plots, and by an
F-test of the residual mean square versus the pure error residual
mean square. If the model fit is adequate, estimates with 90%
confidence intervals for .beta. were obtained, and further used to
obtain estimates and 90% confidence intervals for the PK parameter
increase associated with an r-fold (r=2 and r=high dose/low dose)
increase in dose, by exponentiating r to the powers of the .beta.
estimate ("b") and confidence limits:
r.sup.b.+-.t.times.SE(b)
[0227] If there is evidence of model lack-of-fit, then attempts
were made to fit the model over a reduced dose range (eg, exclude 1
extreme dose level). Otherwise, a fixed effect model was used, with
fixed term for dose, using logarithms of the relevant PK
parameters. Estimates with 90% confidence intervals for the
parameter increases associated with pairwise dose increases were
obtained by first computing estimates with confidence intervals for
differences between pairwise dose groups in the fixed effects model
framework, and then converting to ratios using the antilog
transformation.
[0228] For t.sub.1/2z, dose effect will be assessed with a linear
fixed effect model,
Log(t.sub.1/2z)=Dose+Error
[0229] Point estimate and 90% confidence interval for the geometric
mean of t.sub.1/2z were provided pooled across dose levels and
separately for each dose group. The distribution of t.sub.max
values was represented by histogram plots for each dose level.
Definition of Adverse Event and Serious Adverse Event
[0230] An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a
subject administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not
necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this
treatment.
[0231] A serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence
that at any dose: [0232] Results in death or [0233] Is
life-threatening, or [0234] Note: The term "life-threatening" in
the definition of "serious" refers to an event in which the subject
was at risk of death at the time of the event; it does not refer to
an event which hypothetically might have caused death if it were
more severe. [0235] Requires inpatient hospitalization or
prolongation of existing hospitalization, or [0236] Results in
persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or [0237] Is a
congenital anomaly/birth defect, or [0238] Is a medically important
event: [0239] Medical and scientific judgment should be exercised
in deciding whether expedited reporting is appropriate in other
situations, such as important medical events that may not be
immediately life-threatening or result in death or hospitalization
but may jeopardize the subject or may require intervention to
prevent 1 of the other outcomes listed in the definition above.
[0240] Note: As guidance for determining which conditions are
medically important events, the following examples are provided,
though not intended to be exhaustive:
intensive treatment in an emergency room or at home for allergic
bronchospasm; blood dyscrasias such as agranulocytosis, aplastic
anemia, bone marrow aplasia, myelodysplasia, pancytopenia;
convulsions; alanine aminotransferase (ALT)>3.times. upper limit
of normal range (ULN) associated with total bilirubin
>2.times.ULN; asymptomatic ALT increase >10.times.ULN; or
development of drug dependency or drug abuse. Adverse events
requiring the Sponsor to be informed immediately: [0241] ALT
increase >2.times.ULN [0242] hsCRP>10 mg/L for .gtoreq.72
hours [0243] cardiac troponin I (cTnI)>2.times.ULN [0244] If
cTnI>2.times.ULN is observed, cTnI, creatine kinase (CK) and
myocardial B fraction of creatine kinase (CK-MB) values should be
serially tracked (at a minimum in an immediate additional blood
collection and on the following day), along with additional ECG
recordings, until test results return to normal. Consultation of a
cardiologist should be considered promptly if elevations in cTnI
persist, the CK-MB/CK ratio is elevated, and/or treatment emergent
abnormalities in ECG recordings are observed. [0245] QTc.gtoreq.500
ms [0246] In occurrences of prolongation of QTc automatic
measurement .gtoreq.500 ms, confirmed by a manual reading by the
Investigator, or a physician delegated by the Investigator, using
the Fridericia formula for correcting QT, the subject should be
placed under supervision in a specialized setting. Appropriate
blood samples will be collected (eg, for cTnI). Subsequent ECG
monitoring of the subject should then be performed on a regular and
clinically responsible basis until the QTc interval returns to a
safe value as determined by the Investigator in agreement with the
Sponsor. [0247] Severe skin reactions local to the site of IP
injection [0248] Symptomatic overdose with IP [0249] An overdose
(accidental or intentional) with the IP is an event suspected by
the Investigator or spontaneously notified by the subject (not
based on systematic IP vial count) and defined as at least twice of
the intended dose. Laboratory abnormalities include: [0250]
Neutropenia, [0251] Defined as neutrophil blood count
<1500/mm.sup.3 (but <1000/mm.sup.3 in subjects of African
descent) [0252] Thrombocytopenia, [0253] Defined as platelet count
<100 000/mm.sup.3 [0254] Acute renal failure [0255] Rapid
increase in serum creatinine over 150 .mu.mol/L (1.7 mg/dL) [0256]
Suspicion of rhabdomyolysis
Example 10
Results from the Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Ascending
Single Subcutaneous Doses of SAR1 56597 in Healthy Young Male
Subjects (TDU11325)
[0257] The following Tables, Tables 20-35, summarize the data from
TDU11325 study.
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Subject disposition SAR156597 80 150 300
Placebo 10 mg 20 mg 40 mg mg mg mg Randomized 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 and
treated PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/dis_dsover_s_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/dis_dsover_s_t_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:31)
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Analysis population SAR156597 Placebo 10 mg
20 mg 40 mg 80 mg 150 mg 300 mg All Safety population 12 6 6 6 6 6
6 48 Pharmacokinetic 0 6 6 5 6 6 6 35 population Pharmacodynamic 12
6 6 6 6 6 6 48 population PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/dis_popover_a_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/dis_popover_a_t_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:31)
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Demographics and subject characteristics at
baseline - safety population SAR156597 Placebo 10 mg 20 mg 40 mg 80
mg 150 mg 300 mg All (N = 12) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N =
6) (N = 6) (N = 48) Age (years) Number 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 48 Mean (SD)
31.7 29.5 29.0 30.5 33.0 30.0 29.3 30.6 (8.7) (5.7) (7.4) (7.3)
(6.7) (7.8) (7.4) (7.2) Median 30.0 29.5 25.0 33.0 34.5 29.0 27.5
30.0 Min:Max 22:44 22:39 24:42 19:37 21:41 21:41 21:40 19:44 Sex [n
(%)] Number 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 48 Male 12 (100%) 6 (100%) 6 (100%) 6
(100%) 6 (100%) 6 (100%) 6 (100%) 48 (100%) Race [n (%)] Number 12
6 6 6 6 6 6 48 Caucasian/White 9 (75.0%) 4 (66.7%) 5 (83.3%) 5
(83.3%) 4 (66.7%) 4 (66.7%) 4 (66.7%) 35 (72.9%) Black 1 (8.3%) 0 0
0 1 (16.7%) 0 2 (33.3%) 4 (8.3%) Asian/Oriental 1 (8.3%) 0 0 0 1
(16.7%) 0 0 2 (4.2%) Other 1 (8.3%) 2 (33.3%) 1 (16.7%) 1 (16.7%) 0
2 (33.3%) 0 7 (14.6%) Weight (kg) Number 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 48 Mean
(SD) 76.23 78.55 71.67 79.85 79.30 77.92 80.32 77.51 (9.56) (10.50)
(8.57) (8.95) (11.33) (8.39) (15.89) (10.22) Median 76.80 78.80
70.40 82.60 81.50 76.20 83.80 76.80 Min:Max 60.3:93.1 67.5:88.7
62.2:87.0 64.4:89.7 59.8:94.1 67.6:91.3 53.0:95.0 53.0:95.0 PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/dem_dmsc_s_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/dem_dmsc_s_t_irtf (08MAR2012-15:32)
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Overview of adverse event profile:
treatment emergent adverse events - safety population SAR156597
Placebo 10 mg 20 mg 40 mg 80 mg 150 mg 300 mg n (%) (N = 12) (N =
6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) Subjects with any TEAE
11 3 4 4 4 5 3 (91.7%) (50.0%) (66.7%) (66.7%) (66.7%) (83.3%)
(50.0%) Subjects with any severe 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 TEAE (8.3%) Subjects
with any treatment 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 emergent SAE (16.7%) Subjects with
any TEAE na na na na na na na leading to permanent treatment
discontinuation EAE: Treatment emergent adverse event, SAE: Serious
adverse event na = not applicable N = Number of subjects treated
within each group, n (%) = number and % of subjects with at least
one TEAE in each category Note: An adverse event is considered as
treatment emergent if it occurred from the time of the first
investigational product (IP) administration up to the end of study
visit (included). PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/ae_aeover_s_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/ae_aeover_s_t_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:31)
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Number (%) of subjects with TEAE(s) by
Primary SOC and PT - safety population SAR156597 Primary system
organ class Placebo 10 mg 20 mg 40 mg 80 mg 150 mg 300 mg Preferred
term [n (%)] (N = 12) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N =
6) Any class 11 3 4 4 4 5 3 (91.7%) (50.0%) (66.7%) (66.7%) (66.7%)
(83.3%) (50.0%) Infections and infestations 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 (16.7%)
(33.3%) (16.7%) (16.7%) (33.3%) (16.7%) (33.3%) Infectious
mononucleosis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (16.7%) Upper respiratory tract
infection 2 1 0 1 0 0 (16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%) 1 (16.7%) Bronchitis
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 (16.7%) Conjunctivitis infective 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
(16.7%) Gastroenteritis 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 (16.7%) Impetigo 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 (16.7%) Pharyngitis 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 (16.7%) (16.7%) Blood and
lymphatic system 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 disorders (16.7%) (16.7%)
Neutropenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (16.7%) Eosinophilia 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
(16.7%) Metabolism and nutrition disorders 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 (16.7%)
Decreased appetite 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 (16.7%) Nervous system disorders 4
1 0 2 2 2 0 (33.3%) (16.7%) (33.3%) (33.3%) (33.3%) Amnesia 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 (16.7%) Dizziness 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 (8.3%) (16.7%) Headache 3 1 0
2 2 2 0 (25.0%) (16.7%) (33.3%) (33.3%) (33.3%) Muscle contractions
involuntary 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (8.3%) Presyncope 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (8.3%)
Sinus headache 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 (16.7%) Cardiac disorders 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 (16.7%) Palpitations 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 (16.7%) Vascular disorders 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 (16.7%) (16.7%) Deep vein thrombosis 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
(16.7%) Orthostatic hypotension 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 (16.7%) Respiratory,
thoracic and 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 mediastinal disorders (16.7%) (33.3%)
(16.7%) (16.7%) (33.3%) (16.7%) Cough 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (8.3%) (16.7%)
Dyspnoea 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (8.3%) (16.7%) Nasal congestion 0 1 1 1 0 1
0 (16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%) Oropharyngeal pain 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
(16.7%) Pneumothorax 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 (16.7%) Gastrointestinal
disorders 3 0 0 0 2 3 1 (25.0%) (33.3%) (50.0%) (16.7%)
Constipation 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (16.7%) (16.7%) Diarrhoea 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
(8.3%) (16.7%) Abdominal pain 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (16.7%) Dyspepsia 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 (8.3%) Inguinal hernia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (8.3%) Nausea 1 0 0 0
0 2 0 (8.3%) (33.3%) Toothache 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (16.7%) Vomiting 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 (16.7%) Skin and subcutaneous tissue 2 0 0 1 0 1 0
disorders (16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%) Dermatitis contact 2 0 0 1 0 1 0
(16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%) Papule 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 (16.7%)
Musculoskeletal and connective 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 tissue disorders
(16.7%) (33.3%) (16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%) Back pain 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
(16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%) Musculoskeletal stiffness 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
(16.7%) Myalgia 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 (8.3%) (16.7%) (16.7%) Myositis 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 (8.3%) Neck pain 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 (16.7%) (16.7%) Renal and
urinary disorders 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 (16.7%) Haematuria 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
(16.7%) General disorders and administration 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 site
conditions (16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%) Fatigue 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
(8.3%) (16.7%) Influenza like illness 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (8.3%)
Injection site erythema 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (8.3%) Pyrexia 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
(16.7%) (16.7%) Investigations 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 (16.7%) (16.7%)
(33.3%) Aspartate aminotransferase 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 increased (16.7%)
Blood creatine phosphokinase 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 increased (8.3%) (16.7%)
(16.7%) C-reactive protein increased 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (16.7%) Liver
function test abnormal 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (16.7%) Activated partial
thromboplastin 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 time prolonged (8.3%) Transaminases
increased 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (8.3%) Injury, poisoning and procedural 3 0
1 0 1 3 0 complications (25.0%) (16.7%) (16.7%) (50.0%) Arthropod
bite 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 (8.3%) (16.7%) Contusion 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 (16.7%)
(16.7%) Excoriation 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 (8.3%) (16.7%) (33.3%) Laceration
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (8.3%) Multiple fractures 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 (16.7%)
Muscle strain 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 (16.7%) Road traffic accident 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 (16.7%) (16.7%) TEAE: Treatment emergent adverse event, SOC:
Sytem organ class, PT: Preferred term MedDRA 14.1 N = Number of
subjects treated within each group, n (%) = number and % of
subjects with at least one TEAE in each category Note: Table sorted
by SOC internationally agreed order and decreasing frequency of PT
in SAR156597 300 mg group Note: An adverse event is considered as
treatment emergent if it occurred from the time of the first
investigational product (IP) administration up to the end of study
visit (included). PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/ae_iaeteae_s_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/ae_iaeteae_s_t_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:32)
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Hematology - Number of subjects with
abnormalities (PCSA) during the TEAE period according to baseline
status - safety population SAR156597 Placebo 10 mg 20 mg 40 mg 80
mg 150 mg 300 mg (N = 12) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6)
(N = 6) Laboratory parameter Nor. Abn. Nor. Abn. Nor. Abn. Nor.
Abn. Nor. Abn. Nor. Abn. Nor. Abn. PCSA criteria n/N1 bas. bas.
bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas.
Hemoglobin Decr. from B .gtoreq.20 g/L 1/12 na 1/6 na 0/6 na 0/6 na
0/6 na 1/6 na 0/6 na Platelet count (thrombocyte count) <100
Giga/L 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0
White blood cell count (leukocyte count) <3.0 Giga/L
(Non-Black); 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6
0/0 <2.0 Giga/L (Black) Neutrophils <1.5 Giga/L (Non-Black);
0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 1/6 0/0 <1.0
Giga/L (Black) Eosinophils >0.5 Giga/L or > ULN 0/12 0/0 0/6
0/0 0/6 0/0 0/5 1/1 1/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 (if ULN .gtoreq.0.5
Giga/L) PCSA: Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormalities
(Version of 14-SEP-2009) LLN/ULN = Lower/Upper Limit of Normal
range, B = Baseline, Nor. bas. = Normal baseline, Abn. bas. =
Abnormal baseline (LLN/ULN or PCSA), Miss. bas. = Missing baseline,
na = not applicable n/N1 = number of subjects who met the criterion
at least once/number of subjects within each group who had that
parameter assessed For hemoglobin, baseline values < LLN or >
ULN (or LLN/ULN missing) are counted in one unique group (ie as
normal), for eosinophils, values < LLN (or LLN missing) are
counted as normal. Note: A PCSA is considered to be on-treatment if
it occurred from the time of the first investigational product (IP)
administration up to the end of study visit (included). PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/lab_lbpcsa_s_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/lab_lbpcsa_s_t_hem_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:33)
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Biochemistry - Number of subjects with
abnormalities (PCSA) during the TEAE period according to baseline
status - safety population SAR156597 Placebo 10 mg 20 mg 40 mg 80
mg 150 mg 300 mg (N = 12) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6)
(N = 6) Laboratory parameter Nor. Abn. Nor. Abn. Nor. Abn. Nor.
Abn. Nor. Abn. Nor. Abn. Nor. Abn. PCSA criteria n/N1 bas. bas.
bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. bas. Glucose
.ltoreq.3.9 mmol/L and < LLN 1/12 0/0 1/6 0/0 0/5 1/1 0/6 0/0
1/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 1/5 0/1 .gtoreq.11.1 mmol/L 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/5
0/1 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/5 0/1 (unfasted); .gtoreq.7 mmol/L
(fasted) Total cholesterol .gtoreq.7.74 mmol/L 0/8 0/4 0/6 0/0 0/6
0/0 0/4 0/2 0/5 0/1 0/6 0/0 0/4 0/2 Triglycerides .gtoreq.4.6
mmol/L 0/10 2/2 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/4 2/2 0/6 0/0 0/5 0/1 1/4 0/2
Creatine phospho kinase >3 ULN 1/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 1/5 0/1 0/6 0/0
0/5 0/1 0/4 1/2 1/6 0/0 >10 ULN 1/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/5 0/1 0/6 0/0
0/5 0/1 0/4 0/2 1/6 0/0 Highly sensitive creactive protein >2
ULN 1/12 0/0 1/ 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 1/6 0/0 1/6 0/0 Sodium
.ltoreq.129 mmol/L 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0
0/6 0/0 .gtoreq.160 mmol/L 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0
0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 Potassium <3 mmol/L 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6
0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 .gtoreq.5.5 mmol/L 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6
0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 Creatinine .gtoreq.150
.mu.mol/L (Adults) 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0
0/6 0/0 .gtoreq.30% change from B 0/12 na 0/6 na 0/6 na 0/6 na 0/6
na 0/6 na 0/6 na ALT (SGPT-ALAT) >3 ULN 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0
0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 AST (SGOT-ASAT) >3 ULN 1/12 0/0
0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 >5 ULN 1/12 0/0
0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 >10 ULN 0/12 0/0
0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 Alkaline
phosphatase >1.5 ULN 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0
0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 Total bilirubin >1.5 ULN 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6
0/0 1/5 1/1 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 >2 ULN 0/12 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6
0/0 0/5 0/1 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 0/6 0/0 PCSA: Potentially Clinically
Significant Abnormalities (Version of 14-SEP-2009) LLN/ULN =
Lower/Upper Limit of Normal range, B = Baseline, Nor. bas. = Normal
baseline, Abn. bas. = Abnormal baseline (LLN/ULN or PCSA), Miss.
bas. = Missing baseline, na = not applicable n/N1 = number of
subjects who met the criterion at least once/number of subjects
within each group who had that parameter assessed For % change
creatinine, baseline values < LLN or > ULN (or LLN/ULN
missing) are counted in one unique group (ie as normal), for CPK,
ALT, AST, ALP and Total Bilirubin, values < LLN (or LLN missing)
are counted as normal. Note: A PCSA is considered to be
on-treatment if it occurred from the time of the first
investigational product (IP) administration up to the end of study
visit (included). PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/lab_lbpcsa_s_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/lab_lbpcsa_s_t_bio_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:32)
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Listing of subjects with combined PCSAs for
liver function - safety population No occurrence PCSA: Potentially
Clinically Significant Abnormalities (Version of 14 SEP. 2009) ULN
= Upper Limit of Normal range, r = rechecked values, B = Baseline
value * = ALT > 3 ULN and Total bilirubin > 2 ULN during the
study, with at least one of them being post dose # = Conjugated
Bilirubin > 35% Total bilirubin and Total Bilirubin > 1.5 ULN
on the same sample post dose +/++ = Abnormal value reaching a
1.sup.st/2.sup.nd upper PCSA limit Note: A PCSA is considered to be
on-treatment if it occurred from the time of the first
investigational product (IP) administration up to the end of study
visit (included). PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/lab_lbhep_s_l.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/lab_lbhep_s_l_i.rtf (08 MAR. 2012 - 15:33)
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Listing of hsCRP >10 mg/L for at least
72 hours Theor. Sample Lab. hsCRP Treatment group Subject Visit
time Date Time code (mg/L) SAR156597 150 mg 840001039 D-1
2011-06-07 09:57 840000276 0.8B D1 T8H 2011-06-08 16:25 840000276
0.5 D2 T24H 2011-06-09 08:25 840000276 0.5 D3 T48H 2011-06-10 08:25
840000276 0.5 D4 T72H 2011-06-11 08:38 840000276 0.7 D5 2011-06-12
08:14 840000276 0.7 D8 2011-06-15 08:53 840000276 0.8 D15
2011-06-22 09:00 840000276 1.6 D29 2011-07-06 10:10 840000276
18.8H+ r 2011-07-14 11:44 840000276 13.9H+ D57 2011-08-03 10:13
840000276 1.2 EOS 2011-08-31 10:25 840000276 0.9 r 2011-10-13 10:36
840000276 2.2 FUP 2011-12-01 10:56 840000276 1.3 r 2012-02-06 10:59
840000276 0.8 SAR156597 300 mg 840001046 D-1 2011-11-15 08:05
840000276 0.4B D1 T8H 2011-11-16 17:35 800000276 0.4 D2 T24H
2011-11-17 09:35 840000276 0.3 D3 T48H 2011-11-18 09:35 840000276
0.2 D4 T72H 2011-11-19 09:35 840000276 0.6 D5 2011-11-20 09:35
840000276 0.6 D8 2011-11-23 08:14 840000276 0.3 D15 2011-11-30
08:21 840000276 0.3 D29 2011-12-14 08:21 840000276 0.7 D57
2012-01-11 08:25 840000276 0.3 EOS 2012-02-08 08:32 840000276
37.0H+ r 2012-02-10 07:55 840000276 91.5H+ r 2012-02-13 08:17
840000276 23.6H+ r 2012-02-27 08:07 840000276 0.5 L or H: Abnormal
value < LLN or > ULN, -/-- or +/++: Abnormal value reaching a
1st/2nd lower or a 1st/2nd upper PCSA limit PCSA: Potentially
Clinically Significant Abnormalities (Version of 14-SEP-2009)
LLN/ULN = Lower/Upper Limit of Normal range, r = rechecked values,
B = Baseline value Baseline is Day-1 PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/lab_hscrp_s_l.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/lab_hscrp_s_l_1_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:34)
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Listing of subjects with hsCRP >20 mg/L
for 2 consecutive blood collections >=24 hours apart Theor.
Sample Lab. hsCRP Treatment group Subject Visit time Date Time code
(mg/L) SAR156597 300 mg 840001046 D-1 2011-11-15 08:05 840000276
0.4B D1 T8H 2011-11-16 17:35 840000276 0.4 D2 T24H 2011-11-17 09:35
840000276 0.3 D3 T48H 2011-11-18 09:35 840000276 0.2 D4 T72H
2011-11-19 09:35 840000276 0.6 D5 2011-11-20 09:35 840000276 0.6 D8
2011-11-23 08:14 840000276 0.3 D15 2011-11-30 08:21 840000276 0.3
D29 2011-12-14 08:21 840000276 0.7 D57 2012-01-11 08:25 840000276
0.3 EOS 2012-02-08 08:32 840000276 37.0H+ r 2012-02-10 07:55
840000276 91.5H+ r 2012-02-13 08:17 840000276 23.6H+ r 2012-02-27
08:07 840000276 0.5 PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/lab_hscrp_s_l.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/lab_hscrp_s_l_2_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:34)
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Listing of subjects with cTnI > 2ULN No
occurrence L or H: Abnormal value < LLN or > ULN, -/-- or
+/++: Abnormal value reaching a 1st/2nd lower or a 1st/2nd upper
PCSA limit cTnI = Cardiac Troponin I PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/lab_lbctnl_s_l.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/lab_lbctnl_s_l_i.rtf (08 MAR. 2012 - 15:34)
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Vital signs - Number of subjects with
abnormalities (PCSA) during the TEAE period - safety population
SAR156597 Vital signs parameter Placebo 10 mg 20 mg 40 mg 80 mg 150
mg 300 mg PCSA criteria n/N1 (N = 12) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N =
6) (N = 6) (N = 6) Systolic blood pressure .ltoreq.95 mmHg and
decr. from B .gtoreq.20 mmHg 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6
.gtoreq.140 mmHg and incr. from B .gtoreq.20 mmHg 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6
0/6 0/6 1/6 Diastolic blood pressure .ltoreq.45 mmHg and decr. from
B .gtoreq.10 mmHg 0/12 1/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 .gtoreq.90 mmHg and
incr. from B .gtoreq.10 mmHg 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6
Orthostatic systolic blood pressure .ltoreq.-20 mmHg 0/12 1/6 1/6
1/6 0/6 1/6 1/6 Orthostatic diastolic blood pressure .ltoreq.-10
mmHg 0/12 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 Heart rate .ltoreq.40 bpm and
decr. from B .gtoreq.20 bpm 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6
.gtoreq.100 bpm and incr. from B .gtoreq.20 bpm 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6
0/6 0/6 0/6 Weight .gtoreq.5% decr. from B 2/12 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6
0/6 .gtoreq.5% incr. from B 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6 2/6 0/6 0/6
Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormalities (Version of
14-SEP-2009) decr./incr. = decrease/increase, B = Baseline n/N1 =
Number of subjects who met the criterion at least once/number of
subjects within each group who had that parameter assessed Note: A
PCSA is considered to be on-treatment if it occurred from the time
of the first investigational product (IP) administration up to the
end of study visit (included). Orthostatic = standing after 3
minutes - supine after 10 minutes PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/osa_vspcsa_s_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/osa_vspcsa_s_t_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:34)
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 ECG - Number of subjects with abnormalities
(PCSA) during the TEAE period - safety population ECG parameter
(automatic SAR156597 reading) Placebo 10 mg 20 mg 40 mg 80 mg 150
mg 300 mg PCSA criteria n/N1 (N = 12) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N = 6) (N =
6) (N = 6) (N = 6) Heart rate .ltoreq.40 bpm and decr. from B
.gtoreq.20 bpm 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 .gtoreq.100 bpm and
incr. from B .gtoreq.20 bpm 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 PR
interval .gtoreq.220 ms 1/12 1/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 QRS interval
.gtoreq.120 ms 1/12 0/6 2/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 QTc interval
Borderline: 431-450 ms (Male); 3/12 0/6 0/6 2/6 1/6 3/6 0/6 451-470
ms (Female) Prolonged: >450 ms (Male); >470 ms 0/12 0/6 0/6
0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 (Female) .gtoreq.500 ms 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6
0/6 QTc interval - change from baseline Borderline: Incr. from B
30-60 ms 2/12 2/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 0/6 0/6 Prolonged: Incr. from B
>60 ms 0/12 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 0/6 PCSA: Potentially Clinically
Significant Abnormalities (Version of 14-SEP-2009) decr./incr. =
decrease/increase, B = Baseline n/N1 = number of subjects who met
the criterion at least once/number of subjects within each group
who had that parameter assessed Note: A PCSA is considered to be
on-treatment if it occurred from the time of the first
investigational product (IP) administration up to the end of study
visit (included). PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/osa_egpcsa_s_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/osa_egpcsa_s_t_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:33)
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Listing of subjects with prolonged QTc
and/or delta QTc > 60 ms (automatic reading) - safety population
No occurrence PCSA: Potentially Clinically Significant
Abnormalities (Version of 14 SEP. 2009) B = Baseline, Delta =
change from baseline (B), r = rechecked values - or +/++: Abnormal
value reaching the lower or a 1.sup.st /2.sup.nd upper PCSA limit
Note: Baseline is defined as the mean of triplicates at D1 predose.
Note: A PCSA is considered to be on-treatment if it occurred from
the time of the first investigational product (IP) administration
up to the end of study visit(included).
PGM=PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/osa_egauprol_s_l.sas
OUT = REPORT/OUTPUT/osa_egauprol_s_l_i.rtf (08 MAR. 2012 -
15:33)
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Total IgE - Descriptive statistics Raw data
% Change from baseline N Mean SD SEM Median Min Max N Mean SD SEM
Median Min Max Placebo Baseline 12 80.70 109.71 31.672 35.75 1.0
397.0 D2 T24H 12 85.87 121.41 35.049 36.90 1.0 435.0 12 2.26 11.32
3.267 3.27 -25.6 19.7 D15 12 82.64 112.33 32.427 35.40 1.0 393.0 12
-1.40 11.83 3.416 -0.84 -19.2 30.3 D29 12 76.58 109.84 31.709 34.95
1.0 402.0 12 -6.06 10.09 2.912 -2.98 -23.2 6.0 EOS 12 76.26 103.95
30.007 32.70 1.0 386.0 12 7.74 44.99 12.988 -1.39 -31.0 142.4
SAR156597 10 mg Baseline 6 26.18 11.65 4.754 24.70 14.3 40.1 D2
T24H 6 26.67 11.66 4.760 25.50 14.4 39.8 6 2.12 3.13 1.280 0.67
-0.7 7.8 D15 6 23.27 9.44 3.854 20.15 14.8 38.5 6 -7.25 17.53 7.157
-3.27 -41.8 7.7 D29 6 22.43 9.01 3.678 19.90 14.5 38.1 6 -10.02
18.40 7.511 -5.72 -45.0 5.6 EOS 6 23.55 9.76 3.983 22.05 14.1 39.2
6 -7.51 13.14 5.365 -4.31 -33.1 4.4 SAR156597 20 mg Baseline 6
198.60 434.00 177.179 27.30 1.0 1084.0 D2 T24H 6 192.57 420.30
171.585 27.60 1.0 1050.0 6 -1.85 5.59 2.284 -2.00 -8.9 7.4 D15 6
163.95 352.56 143.931 23.85 1.0 883.0 6 -8.53 8.76 3.578 -8.13
-18.5 2.0 D29 6 161.83 346.71 141.545 25.35 1.0 869.0 6 -6.62 7.02
2.865 -4.80 -19.8 0.0 EOS 6 179.87 393.19 160.519 23.50 1.0 982.0 6
-8.19 7.64 3.118 -6.24 -20.0 0.0 SAR156597 40 mg Baseline 6 134.77
191.25 78.076 67.50 19.2 516.0 D2 T24H 6 139.22 202.79 82.789 64.70
19.8 545.0 6 1.61 4.05 1.653 2.68 -6.2 5.6 D15 5 125.94 178.28
79.730 31.00 20.5 437.0 5 -1.33 8.59 3.841 1.75 -15.3 6.8 D29 5
125.32 186.47 83.390 31.30 19.2 454.0 5 -5.70 6.91 3.091 -2.19
-14.3 0.0 EOS 6 129.82 172.61 70.467 73.85 25.0 477.0 6 28.14 85.72
34.994 -4.40 -14.4 202.6 SAR156597 80 mg Baseline 6 56.05 44.60
18.207 50.85 7.2 118.0 D2 T24H 6 56.03 46.43 18.954 50.10 3.8 119.0
6 -7.61 19.58 7.995 0.63 -47.2 3.8 D15 6 53.33 40.62 16.585 56.65
3.9 103.0 6 -9.13 21.02 8.582 -7.95 -45.8 17.7 D29 6 56.83 44.87
18.320 60.00 3.0 114.0 6 -6.92 28.41 11.598 -4.14 -58.3 29.2 EOS 6
56.60 43.95 17.942 59.95 2.8 114.0 6 -2.35 36.51 14.904 -7.33 -61.1
37.4 SAR156597 150 mg Baseline 6 38.67 28.37 11.582 32.45 13.0 93.8
D2 T24H 6 38.67 27.72 11.315 31.40 11.7 91.0 6 -0.47 9.00 3.674
-2.91 -10.0 16.6 D15 6 36.07 26.61 10.862 30.95 10.6 87.1 6 -7.95
6.29 2.569 -8.09 -18.5 0.0 D29 6 47.43 51.09 20.857 31.15 12.1
150.0 6 7.12 26.56 10.844 -1.30 -11.4 59.9 EOS 6 39.95 29.18 11.912
30.65 13.0 96.4 6 3.86 12.13 4.952 4.23 -16.3 20.0 SAR156597 300 mg
Baseline 6 51.15 62.93 25.689 24.45 20.0 179.0 D2 T24H 6 48.52
61.22 24.992 21.60 20.3 173.0 6 -6.57 6.20 2.532 -6.57 -16.9 2.0
D15 6 37.43 42.19 17.223 21.75 14.4 123.0 6 -21.12 18.99 7.753
-28.65 -31.3 17.4 D29 6 36.47 39.32 16.051 20.85 15.1 116.0 6
-21.67 16.26 6.637 -26.71 -35.2 10.1 EOS 6 50.30 56.09 22.900 22.95
13.7 158.0 6 0.82 38.97 15.909 -10.03 -31.5 78.0 N corresponds to
the count of subjects with available data Baseline is the Day-1
value Values below LOQ (Limit Of Quantification) were replaced by
LOQ/2 PGM =
PRODOPS/SAR156597/TDU11325/CSR/REPORT/PGM/pd_lbsum_s_t.sas OUT =
REPORT/OUTPUT/pd_lbsum_s_t_1_i.rtf (08MAR2012-15:35
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 Pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma
concentration of SAR156597 after a single subcutaneous dose given
to young healthy male subjects (TDU11325) Mean .+-. SD (Geometric
Mean) [CV %] Plasma SAR156597 10 mg 20 mg 40 mg 80 mg 150 mg 300 mg
N 6 6 5 6 6 6 C.sub.max 0.971 .+-. 0.254 1.69 .+-. 0.222 3.32 .+-.
0.797 7.01 .+-. 1.97 9.44 .+-. 1.78 24.1 .+-. 4.60 (.mu.g/ml)
(0.943) [26.1] (1.67) [13.1] (3.25) [24.0] (6.81) [28.1] (9.29)
[18.9] (23.8) [19.0] t.sub.max.sup.a 108 96 119 144 168 96 (hr)
(48-168) (73-170) (48-240) (72-240) (120-240) (71-168) t.sub.1/2z
369 .+-. 106 350 .+-. 54.4 320 .+-. 34.8 372 .+-. 104 464 .+-. 72.0
315 .+-. 71.4 (hr) (355) [28.6] (345) [15.6] (319) [10.9] (358)
[27.9] (460) [15.5] (308) [22.7] AUC.sub.last 607 .+-. 174 1000
.+-. 295 1920 .+-. 377 3670 .+-. 1100 5570 .+-. 761 11300 .+-. 2900
(.mu.g hr/ml) (587) [28.7] (967) [29.4] (1890) [19.6] (3530) [30.0]
(5530) [13.7] (10900) [25.7] AUC 644 .+-. 185 1050 .+-. 297 1960
.+-. 378 3780 .+-. 1140 5820 .+-. 844 11500 .+-. 3000 (.mu.g hr/ml)
(622) [28.7] (1010) [28.3] (1930) [19.3] (3630) [30.2] (5770)
[14.5] (11100) [26.1] V.sub.ss/F 9230 .+-. 2400 11400 .+-. 2370
10700 .+-. 1740 11400 .+-. 2870 16500 .+-. 2270 13100 .+-. 2300
(ml) (8990) [26.0] (11100) [20.9] (10600) [16.2] (11100) [25.1]
(16300) [13.8] (12900) [17.6] CL/F 16.6 .+-. 4.55 20.4 .+-. 5.86
21.0 .+-. 4.05 23.0 .+-. 7.62 26.2 .+-. 3.66 28.2 .+-. 10.2 (ml/hr)
(16.1) [27.4] (19.7) [28.7] (20.7) [19.2] (22.0) [33.1] (26.0)
[14.0] (27.0) [36.2] t.sub.last.sup.a 1679 1680 1704 2016 2020 2016
(hr) (1008-2016) (1345-2016) (1633-2016) (1368-2018) (2014-2111)
(1344-2039) .sup.aMedian (Min-Max) NA = Not Applicable Source = PKS
Study: TDU11325 DBLII E02; Scenario: P-D-EV-SD-E02, Version 1
Date/Time = 3/6/2012 11:25:36 AM
Sequence CWU 1
1
71111PRTArtificial Sequencehumanized mouse/ mouse VL3 region 1Asp
Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly 1 5 10
15 Gln Arg Ala Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Glu Ser Val Asp Ser Tyr
20 25 30 Gly Gln Ser Tyr Met His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Ala Gly Gln
Pro Pro 35 40 45 Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser
Gly Val Pro Ala 50 55 60 Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Arg Thr Asp
Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asp 65 70 75 80 Pro Val Gln Ala Glu Asp Ala Ala
Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Asn Ala 85 90 95 Glu Asp Ser Arg Thr Phe
Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 2118PRTArtificial
Sequencehumanized mouse/mouse VH2 region 2Glu Val Gln Leu Lys Glu
Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Ala Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Ser Ile
Thr Cys Thr Val Ser Gly Phe Ser Leu Thr Asp Ser 20 25 30 Ser Ile
Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Leu 35 40 45
Gly Met Ile Trp Gly Asp Gly Arg Ile Asp Tyr Ala Asp Ala Leu Lys 50
55 60 Ser Arg Leu Ser Ile Ser Lys Asp Ser Ser Lys Ser Gln Val Phe
Leu 65 70 75 80 Glu Met Thr Ser Leu Arg Thr Asp Asp Thr Ala Thr Tyr
Tyr Cys Ala 85 90 95 Arg Asp Gly Tyr Phe Pro Tyr Ala Met Asp Phe
Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110 Ser Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115
3108PRTArtificial Sequencehumanized mouse/mouse VL1 region 3Asp Ile
Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser Leu Ser Val Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15
Asp Thr Ile Thr Leu Thr Cys His Ala Ser Gln Asn Ile Asp Val Trp 20
25 30 Leu Ser Trp Phe Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Asn Ile Pro Lys Leu Leu
Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Lys Ala Ser Asn Leu His Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg
Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Gly Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile
Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
Gln Ala His Ser Tyr Pro Phe 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys
Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 105 4124PRTArtificial Sequencehumanized
mouse/mouse VH1 region 4Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu
Val Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser
Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Trp Ile His Trp Ile Lys Gln
Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45 Gly Met Ile Asp Pro
Ser Asp Gly Glu Thr Arg Leu Asn Gln Arg Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg
Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met
Gln Leu Arg Ser Pro Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Thr Arg Leu Lys Glu Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Asp Ser Phe Tyr Phe Asp Val
100 105 110 Trp Gly Ala Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala 115 120
5124PRTArtificial Sequencehumanized mouse/mouse VH2 region 5Gln Val
Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15
Ser Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20
25 30 Trp Ile His Trp Ile Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp
Ile 35 40 45 Gly Met Ile Asp Ala Ser Asp Gly Glu Thr Arg Leu Asn
Gln Arg Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Glu Ser
Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Gln Leu Arg Ser Pro Thr Ser Glu
Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Thr Arg Leu Lys Glu Tyr Gly
Asn Tyr Asp Ser Phe Tyr Phe Asp Val 100 105 110 Trp Gly Ala Gly Thr
Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala 115 120 610PRTArtificial Sequencelinker
6Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser 1 5 10 730DNAArtificial
Sequenceprimer 7ggaggcggag ggtccggagg cggaggatcc 30
* * * * *