U.S. patent application number 13/973516 was filed with the patent office on 2013-12-19 for formable aquatic coverings for preventing biofouling.
The applicant listed for this patent is Fletcher Eyster, Fred Zucker. Invention is credited to Fletcher Eyster, Fred Zucker.
Application Number | 20130337201 13/973516 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 49756164 |
Filed Date | 2013-12-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130337201 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Eyster; Fletcher ; et
al. |
December 19, 2013 |
FORMABLE AQUATIC COVERINGS FOR PREVENTING BIOFOULING
Abstract
The instant invention describes an anti-biofouling structure for
placement onto structures or surfaces that are exposed to aquatic
environments. Embedded within the anti-biofouling structure are
agents that can diffuse out of the structure and prevent the
formation and/or accumulation of plant and animal species build-up
that creates biofouling. The instant invention also describes a
system for preventing biofouling of an object stored in an aquatic
environment which includes the anti-biofouling structure and a
protective cover element constructed and arranged to fit various
structures, such as boat propellers.
Inventors: |
Eyster; Fletcher; (Jupiter,
FL) ; Zucker; Fred; (Jupiter, FL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Eyster; Fletcher
Zucker; Fred |
Jupiter
Jupiter |
FL
FL |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
49756164 |
Appl. No.: |
13/973516 |
Filed: |
August 22, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13177098 |
Jul 6, 2011 |
8541439 |
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13973516 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
428/35.5 ;
428/131 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63B 2017/0045 20130101;
A61B 2090/397 20160201; B63H 20/36 20130101; A61B 90/39 20160201;
E02B 17/0017 20130101; C07D 498/18 20130101; B63B 59/04 20130101;
A61B 2090/3925 20160201; A61B 2090/3954 20160201; Y10T 428/1345
20150115; A01N 25/34 20130101; Y10T 428/24273 20150115; A01N 43/90
20130101; A61B 34/20 20160201; A61B 2090/3966 20160201; C09D 5/1625
20130101; A61B 5/064 20130101; A01N 25/34 20130101; A61B 2090/3937
20160201; A61B 2034/2046 20160201; B63B 59/045 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/35.5 ;
428/131 |
International
Class: |
B63B 59/04 20060101
B63B059/04 |
Claims
1. An anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments comprising: a pliable sheet
material formed from a plurality of interwoven fibers to form a
lattice-like configuration for securing to said object, said
pliable sheet material being fenestrated to allow passage of at
least some of said aquatic environment therethrough, said pliable
sheet material including at least one anti-biofouling agent
embedded within said pliable sheet material, said biofouling agent
comprising econea, whereby said pliable sheet material is securable
about said object to reduce the formation of biofouling organisms
along the surface of said object.
2. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 1 wherein said
anti-biofouling agent is microencapsulated.
3. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 1 wherein said
anti-biofouling agent is adapted to substantially kill bio-fouling
organisms passing through said fenestrations.
4. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 1 wherein said
anti-biofouling agent is embedded into a binder and coated onto
said pliable sheet material.
5. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 4 wherein said
pliable sheet material is in the form of a mesh.
6. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 1 wherein said
pliable sheet material includes at least one securing member.
7. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 1 wherein said
pliable sheet material is formed into a bag shaped to enclose one
or more blades of a boat propeller, to reduce formation of
biofouling on an outer surface of said blades.
8. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 7 wherein said
pliable sheet material is biodegradable.
9. The anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object
exposed to aquatic environments according to claim 7 wherein said
pliable sheet material is made of a natural fiber, synthetic fiber,
plastics, or combinations thereof.
10. A system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments comprising: a bag cover formed from a
pliable fenestrated sheet material having one or more
anti-biofouling agents embedded therein, said biofouling agent
represented comprising econea, said cover having a plate member
front surface, an expandable body portion being secured thereto and
traversable between a first position and a second expanded
position, an interior portion sized and shaped to enclose an object
which is exposed to an aquatic environment, and one or more
securing members for securing said cover to said object.
11. The system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments according to claim 10, wherein said cover
is secured to a securing cable, whereby applying a force to said
securing cable results in releasing said securing members and
removal of said cover from said object.
12. The system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments according to claim 11 wherein said securing
cable contains two additional cables, said additional cables being
separated by a predetermined distance.
13. The system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments according to claim 12 wherein said cables
are attached to said cover through use of a guide tube.
14. The system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments according to claim 13 wherein one of said
additional cables is coiled.
15. The system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments according to claim 14 wherein said object
is a propeller.
16. The system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments according to claim 10 wherein said
anti-biofouling agent is microencapsulated for timed release of
said anti-biofouling agent.
17. A system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments comprising: a cover assembly, said cover
assembly containing a first face member connected to a second face
member with a woven sheet material, said woven sheet material
containing an anti-biofouling agent embedded therein, said
anti-biofouling agent comprising econea, an interior portion of
said cover assembly sized and shaped to receive a boat propeller,
said second face member containing a slitted portion terminating in
an opening, said opening sized and shaped to receive a shaft of
said propeller, said first face member and said second face member
each including a first part of a hook and loop fastener, a strap
assembly, said strap assembly including a second part of a hook and
loop fastener, said second part of said hook and loop fastener
removably securable to said first part of said hook and loop
fastener on said first face member and said second face member to
secure said cover assembly in a closed position, said strap
assembly having sufficient length to extend from said propeller to
a position within the watercraft to which said propeller is
secured.
18. The system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments according to claim 17 wherein said strap
assembly further is coupled to one or more cables whereby applying
a force to said cables removes said strap assembly from said first
part of a hook and loop fastener.
19. The system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments according to claim 17 wherein said cover
assembly is constructed from cotton, plastic, or combinations
thereof.
20. The system for reducing biofouling of objects which are exposed
to aquatic environments according to claim 17 further comprising a
formable mesh sheet covering material for securing to at least one
blade of said propeller, said formable mesh sheet covering material
containing at least an econea anti-biofouling agent embedded
therein.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] In accordance with 37 C.F.R 1.76, a claim of priority is
included in an Application Data Sheet filed concurrently herewith.
Accordingly, under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119(e), 120, 121, and/or 365(c)
the present invention claims priority as a continuation-in-part to
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/177,098, entitled "FORMABLE
AQUATIC COVERINGS FOR PREVENTING BIOFOULING", filed on Jul. 6,
2011, which claims priority of U.S. Patent Application No.
61/361,725, entitled "FORMABLE AQUATIC COVERINGS FOR PREVENTING
BIOFOULING", filed on Jul. 6, 2010. The contents of each of the
above referenced applications are herein incorporated by reference
in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to the protection of
structures from damage as a result of continuous exposure to
aquatic environments; more particularly to devices which attach to
submerged structures, thereby preventing formation of biofouling;
and even more particularly to a system for preventing aquatic
biofouling containing a propeller enclosure and a formable and
disposable propeller glove having anti-aquatic biofouling
properties.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The growth and attachment of various marine organisms on
structures in aquatic environments, known as biofouling, is a
significant problem for numerous industries, including the boating
and shipping industry, the oil and gas industry, and the fishing
industry. Most surfaces, such as those associated with boat hulls,
underwater cables, oil rig platforms, buoys, and fishing farms and
nets, which are exposed to coastal, harbor or ocean waters
eventually become colonized by animal species, such as barnacles,
mussels, bryozoans, hydroids, tunicates, tubeworms, sea squirts,
and various plant species. Biofouling results from the interaction
of polymeric adhesives produced by the plant and animal species
with the substrates for which they are attached. Despite the
appearance of simplicity, the process of biofouling is actually
complex and involves numerous interactions with many types of
microorganisms and macroorganisms.
[0004] While biofouling creates ecological problems by distributing
native plant and animal species to non-native environments, its
economic effects are of greater concern. Large amounts of
biofouling on ships result in corrosion of the surfaces and the
eventual deterioration of the ship. Large amounts of macroorganisms
build-up also cause increases in the roughness of the ship's
surface such that the ship experiences greater frictional
resistance, decreased maneuverability, and increased drag,
resulting in increased fuel consumption. Recreational boaters
suffer from the same problems, as barnacles and other animals
attach to propellers submerged in water. Navigational buoys or pier
posts containing surfaces with large amounts of biofouling are
subjected to increased stress resulting from increased weight. This
increased stress often results in decreasing the useful life of the
structures and necessitating continuous maintenance and/or
replacement.
[0005] Various methods have been used in reducing biofouling
build-up. One of the more common methods, particularly in the
boating and shipping industry, is scraping. However, scraping is
labor intensive and environmental issues have been raised over the
concerns that scraping results in the increased spread of invasive
species. Therefore, there exists a need for devices that eliminate
or reduce the amount of biofouling of surfaces exposed to
water.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
[0006] One strategy for protecting objects in contact with water
and preventing aquatic biofouling includes the use of physical
coverings. These coverings act as protective devices by shielding
or separating the structures from the water. For example, U.S. Pat.
No. 3,220,374 discloses a marine protective device. The invention
is directed towards a unique means and method of protecting marine
equipment from the corrosive action of the water and/or marine
growth when the boat is not in use.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 3,587,508 discloses an outdrive protective
apparatus for easy attachment to a boat. The apparatus protects the
outdrive of an inboard-outboard motor from marine growth when the
boat is not in use. A bag is placed around the outdrive unit for
easy attachment to the transom of a boat in a manner which provides
a watertight seal between the bag and the transom and around the
outdrive unit.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,875 discloses a cover for covering the
propeller and rear drive assembly of an outboard-inboard motor
boat. The cover has an electric taillight mounted to the rear of
the cover which can be electrically connected to the taillight wire
of a boat trailer when the boat is mounted on the boat trailer for
towing on a roadway. The light serves as a warning to motorists
approaching the boat and boat trailer from the rear.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 4,998,496 discloses a shroud for a marine
propulsion system which includes a waterproof shroud body that can
be fastened to the transom of a boat to surround the outboard
portion of the propulsion system. Locking and sealing mechanisms
secure the shroud to the boat transom in water-tight engagement and
a submersible pump is operable to remove water from the shroud body
so that the propulsion system is effectively in dry dock.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 5,072,683 discloses a drainable protective
boat motor bag apparatus including a boot defining a bag for
fitting over the propeller and stem of an outdrive of a motor
mounted on the stern of a boat. The bag includes a channel
extending from the mouth to the closed end of the bag for receipt
of an open ended hose such that, once the bag has been positioned
over the stem, a hose may be inserted for pumping of residual from
such bag. A tie string may be incorporated around the mouth of the
bag for tying it to the stem and, if desirable, a separate
protective sack may be included for covering the propeller blades
to protect them from direct exposure to the bag itself.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 5,315,949 discloses an apparatus for
protectively covering a motor prop of a boat. The cover includes an
adjustable collar, a flexible, opaque bag, and an adjustable collar
draw line. The bag has an open top end attached to the collar. A
closed bottom end of the bag is opposed to the top end, and has a
weight attached thereto. The adjustable collar draw line of the
collar is such that, with the bag placed over the outcropping, the
open end of the bag may be closed around the outcropping by pulling
the adjustable collar draw line. The collar includes a locking slot
for locking the adjustable collar draw line in place around the
outcropping. A manipulation handle removably attaches to the collar
for facilitating the placement and removal of the cover onto and
off of the outcropping. With the cover in place over the
outcropping, water and light are prevented from entering the
interior of the bag, whereby water borne life forms such as filter
feeding creatures and plant life cannot thrive within the cover. As
such, the motor prop is kept virtually free of water borne life
forms while the motor prop is covered.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 6,152,064 discloses a protective propeller
cover. The cover includes a flexible sleeve into which buoyant
material is placed to provide a buoyant enclosure. A flexible
propeller cover portion is secured to the flexible sleeve, and the
end of the cover is releasably secured about the propeller. The
buoyant enclosure is positioned adjacent to the propeller and
extends above the water line when the propeller is positioned
beneath the water line. The buoyant enclosure serves to protect
swimmers from direct contact with the propeller when swimming in
proximity to the boat. The protective propeller cover apparatus
further serves to protect the propeller during transport or
storage. The protective propeller cover apparatus further serves as
an anchor cover when the boat is underway. The protective propeller
cover apparatus further serves as an emergency flotation
device.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 6,609,938 discloses a propeller protector
slipper which is used on inboard and outboard motors of boats that
are anchored, drifting, aground, docked, in storage, or out of
water in transit. The propeller protector slipper ensures
protection for the propeller from elements that cause pitting and
damage to the propeller, as well as minimizing propeller related
injuries. The protector propeller slipper also provides a gage for
projecting the distance of the propeller of a trailered boat from a
following vehicle.
[0014] U.S. Publication No. 2008/0020657 discloses an apparatus for
protecting the out-drive of a watercraft. The apparatus comprises a
locating member adapted for attachment to the underside of the
marlin board of the watercraft and a shroud engageable with the
locating member to provide an enclosure about the outdrive. The
shroud is buoyant and can be floated into sliding engagement with
the locating member. The shroud has an opening which is closed upon
engagement of the shroud with the transom of the watercraft to
prevent ingress of water into the interior of the shroud. A
connection means and the locking means are provided for releasably
connecting the shroud to the locating member.
[0015] In addition to the use of physical coverings as illustrated
above, other strategies have been employed in efforts to reduce
biofouling. U.S. Publication No. 2009/0185867 discloses a system
and method for reducing vortex-induced vibration and drag about a
marine element. The system includes, but is not limited to, a shell
rotatably mounted about the marine element, the shell having
opposing edges defining a longitudinal gap configured to allow the
shell to snap around at least a portion of the marine element. A
fin can be positioned along each opposing edge of the longitudinal
gap, wherein each fin can extend outwardly from the shell. The fins
can be positioned on the shell so as to reduce vortex-induced
vibration and minimize drag on the marine element. One or more
antifouling agents can be disposed on, in, or about at least a
portion of the shell, the fins, or a combination thereof.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 7,390,560 discloses a coating system for
defouling a substrate. The system includes a ship hull, immersed in
water or seawater for long periods of time. The system comprises a
conductive layer, an antifouling layer and a means for providing an
energy pulse to the conductive layer. The conductive layer
comprises polymers, such as carbon filled polyethylene, which are
electrically conductive. The antifouling layer comprises polymers,
such as polydimethylsiloxane, which have a low surface free energy.
The layers are designed such that when the conductive layer is
exposed to a pulse of electrical, acoustic or microwave energy or
combinations thereof, said conductive layer separates from said
antifouling layer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The instant invention describes an anti-biofouling structure
for placement onto structures or surfaces that are exposed to
aquatic environments. Embedded within or coated upon the
anti-biofouling structure is econea that can diffuse out of the
structure and prevent the formation and/or accumulation of plant
and animal species. In a particular embodiment, the anti-biofouling
structure covers the blades of a boat propeller. Embedded within
this structure is the anti-biofouling agent econea. The instant
invention also describes a system for preventing biofouling of an
object stored in an aquatic environment. The system includes the
anti-biofouling structure and a protective cover element
constructed and arranged to fit various objects, such as a boat
propeller.
[0018] In one embodiment, the instant invention describes an
anti-biofouling structure for placement onto an object exposed to
aquatic environments comprising a formable covering material for
securing to an object which is in contact with an aquatic
environment. The formable covering material comprises at least
econea as an anti-biofouling agent, whereby securing of the object
with said material results in preventing the formation of
biofouling along the surface of the object. The instant invention
also describes a system for preventing biofouling of objects which
are exposed to aquatic environments comprising a cover having a
material containing at least econea and may include one or more
soft fouling agents. The cover has a front surface, an expandable
body portion which is traversable between a first position and a
second expanded position, an interior portion sized and shaped to
enclose an object which is exposed to aquatic environments, and one
or more securing members for securing said cover to said object.
The system also includes a formable covering material for securing
to an object which is in contact with an aquatic environment. The
formable covering material includes econea and may include at least
one additional soft anti-fouling agent, whereby securing of the
object with said material results in preventing the formation of
biofouling along the surface of the object.
[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the system includes a first
rigid member made of a material containing econea and one or more
soft anti-biofouling materials hingedly securable to a second rigid
member. The second rigid member is made of a material containing
econea and one or more soft anti-biofouling agents. Each of the
rigid members contains an interior which is sized and shaped to
receive an object which is exposed to an aquatic environment. The
cover further includes one or more securing members for securing
the cover to the object. The system also includes a formable
covering material for securing to an object which is in contact
with an aquatic environment. The formable covering material
comprises econea and at least one anti-biofouling agent, whereby
securing of the object with said material results in preventing the
formation of biofouling along the surface of the object.
[0020] In another alternative embodiment, the system for preventing
biofouling of objects which are exposed to aquatic environments
comprises a flexible cover containing one or more anti-biofouling
materials. The cover contains a first face partially connected to a
second face and an interior portion sized and shaped to receive a
boat propeller. The second face contains a slitted portion
terminating in an opening which is sized and shaped to receive a
shaft of the propeller. The first face and the second face contain
a first member of a hook and loop fastener securing system. The
system further includes a strap containing a second member of a
hook and loop fastener securing system. The strap is sized and
shaped to secure to the first member of a hook and loop fastener
securing system.
[0021] Accordingly, it is a primary objective of the present
invention to provide an anti-biofouling structure which prevents
the formation of biofouling on an object which is exposed to an
aquatic environment.
[0022] It is a further objective of the present invention to
provide a pliable sheet material formed from a plurality of
interwoven fibers containing econea to form a lattice-like
configuration for securing to an object exposed to an aquatic
environment.
[0023] It is yet another objective of the present invention to
provide a pliable sheet material containing econea that is
fenestrated to allow passage of at least some aquatic environment
to pass therethrough.
[0024] It is yet another objective of the instant invention to
provide an anti-biofouling structure in which the anti-fouling
agent is econea.
[0025] It is a still further objective of the present invention to
provide an anti-biofouling structure which contains econea
anti-fouling agents within reservoirs and/or are
microencapsulated.
[0026] It is a further objective of the instant invention to
provide a system for preventing biofouling of an object stored in
an aquatic environment which includes an econea anti-biofouling
structure and a protective enclosure element.
[0027] Other objects and advantages of this invention will become
apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with
any accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of
illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention.
Any drawings contained herein constitute a part of this
specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present
invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0028] FIG. 1 is a simplified illustration of a typical boat
propeller system;
[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure of the instant invention;
[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates placement of the anti-biofouling
structure to the propellers and propeller shaft;
[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates the anti-biofouling structure in the form
of a rolled up sheet;
[0032] FIG. 5 illustrates a general schematic of an oil rig used to
excavate oil reserves in deep waters with the anti-biofouling
structure attached to a portion of the rig;
[0033] FIG. 6 illustrates the use of the anti-biofouling structure
with a buoy;
[0034] FIG. 7A illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in which the diagonally arranged
horizontal and vertical elements contain anti-fouling agent
strips;
[0035] FIG. 7B illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in which the diagonally arranged
horizontal and vertical elements contain econea anti-fouling agents
within reservoirs and/or are microencapsulated;
[0036] FIG. 8A illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in which the horizontal and vertical
elements contain econea anti-fouling agent dispensing strips;
[0037] FIG. 8B illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in which the horizontal and vertical
elements contain anti-fouling agents within reservoirs and/or are
microencapsulated;
[0038] FIG. 9 illustrates a particular embodiment of the protective
enclosure element in the form of an expandable bag propeller
cover;
[0039] FIG. 10 illustrates the protective enclosure element in an
expanded position;
[0040] FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the
protective enclosure element;
[0041] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the back end of the
extended protective enclosure element;
[0042] FIG. 13 illustrates the protective enclosure element with a
stiffening plate;
[0043] FIG. 14 is a frontal view of the protective enclosure
element positioned over a boat propeller;
[0044] FIG. 15 illustrates the protective enclosure element
positioned over a boat propeller and secured to the boat propeller
shaft;
[0045] FIG. 16 illustrates both the protective enclosure element
positioned over a boat propeller and secured to the boat propeller
shaft and the anti-biofouling structure positioned on the blades of
the boat propeller;
[0046] FIG. 17 illustrates a front view of an alternative
embodiment of the anti-biofouling structure in the form of a claim
shell configuration;
[0047] FIG. 18 is a rear view of the alternative embodiment of the
biofouling structure illustrated in FIG. 17;
[0048] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the
biofouling structure illustrated in FIG. 17, illustrating the
components of the clamshell;
[0049] FIG. 20 is a side perspective view of the alternative
embodiment of the anti-biofouling structure;
[0050] FIG. 21 is a rear perspective view of the alternative
embodiment of the anti-biofouling structure shown in FIG. 20;
[0051] FIG. 22 is a rear perspective view of the alternative
embodiment of the anti-biofouling structure shown in FIG. 20,
illustrating the structure in a closed, sealed configuration;
[0052] FIG. 23 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure in the form of collapsible bag-like
configuration;
[0053] FIG. 24 is a side view of the embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure shown in FIG. 23, illustrating the bag in
a closed, sealed configuration;
[0054] FIG. 25 is a side view of the anti-biofouling structure
shown in FIG. 24, illustrating the bag being removed from covering
of a propeller.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0055] While the present invention is susceptible of embodiment in
various forms, there is shown in the drawings and will hereinafter
be described a presently preferred, albeit not limiting, embodiment
with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be
considered an exemplification of the present invention and is not
intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments
illustrated.
[0056] The instant invention describes an anti-biofouling structure
containing econea for placement onto structures or surfaces that
are exposed to aquatic environments. While the anti-biofouling
structure will be described in the specification as being useful on
a boat propeller, one of skill in the art would recognize that the
anti-biofouling structure is not limited to boat propellers and may
be applied to numerous other structures placed in aquatic
environments, such as but not limited to pier posts, buoys, oil rig
structures, boat docks, and the like. Accordingly, FIG. 1 is a
simplified illustration of a typical boat propeller 10 having a
motor drive system 12. Attached to the hub 14 are multiple
propeller blades 16. A shaft 18, which interconnects the hub 14 to
the outboard motor drive system 12, provides a mechanism for
rotational movement of the propeller blades 16.
[0057] FIG. 2 illustrates a particular embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure 20 in the form of a boat propeller sock.
The boat propeller sock 20 has a first end 22 and a second end 24.
The boat propeller sock 20 is placed on the propeller 16 by
inserting the distal end 16a of propeller 16 into the first end 22
of the boat propeller sock 20 through opening 26. As the boat
propeller sock 20 is positioned over the propeller 16, the boat
propeller sock 20 is aligned such that the first end 22 rests at or
near the proximal portion 16b of the propeller 16 and the second
end 24 of the boat propeller sock 20 rests at or near the distal
portion 16a of the propeller 16. In order to fit securely, the boat
propeller sock 20 can be constructed to include the same general
contoured shape as the propeller. FIG. 3 illustrates placement of
the boat propeller sock 20 on the multiple propeller blades 16.
[0058] While the instant invention has been described in the form
of a boat propeller sock, the econea containing anti-biofouling
structure 20 can be shaped to fit any structure. FIG. 4 illustrates
the anti-biofouling structure 20 in the form of a rolled up sheet.
The econea can be applied to the outer surface of the sheet or
alternatively incorporated into the sheet and utilize
microencapsulation to customize the release of the econea to the
surrounding water. As such, the anti-biofouling structure 20 can be
placed onto various types of aquatic structures, such as netting,
in-take pipes, and sewage pipes. FIG. 5 illustrates a general
schematic of an oil rig used to excavate oil reserves in deep
waters. The oil rig 28 sits above ocean water 30. Support columns
32 and 34 terminate at bases 36 and 38, respectively, resting at
the ground level 40 below the ocean surface. To extend the life of
the support and base structures, the anti-biofouling structure 20
can be simply wrapped around the support column and base. FIG. 6
illustrates the use of the anti-biofouling structure 20 with a buoy
42. The anti-biofouling structure 20 can be attached to the portion
of the buoy that is near or in direct contact with the aquatic
environment to prevent the accumulation of biofouling within those
areas. Additionally, anti-biofouling structure 20 can be attached
or wrapped around any of the cables 46 which anchor the buoy 42 to
the sea floor.
[0059] FIGS. 7A, 7B, 8A, and 8B illustrate particular embodiments
of the anti-biofouling structure 20 which comprise a lattice-like
or fenestrate arrangement. Alternatively, biofouling structure 20
may be in the form of a mesh. The anti-biofouling structure 20
contains a plurality of horizontally positioned elements 50
interweaved with a plurality of vertically positioned elements 52.
Both the horizontally positioned elements and the vertically
positioned elements may be arranged diagonally, thus forming a
crisscross pattern, see FIGS. 7A and 7B, or alternatively in a
parallel fashion relative to each other, thereby forming right
angles, see FIGS. 8A and 8B. While the figures illustrate a
significant spacing between the individual horizontal and/or
vertical elements, the spacing can be decreased in order to form an
anti-biofouling structure 20 which has a tightly knit, weaved
pattern with little or no spacing in between. In a preferred
embodiment, the horizontally positioned elements 50 and the
vertically positioned elements 52, such as fibers, are made of
natural or synthetic plastics, but could be made of other materials
such as metals, nylons, cotton, or combinations thereof. The
anti-biofouling structure 20 may also be constructed of a
biodegradable material, such that continued exposure to the aquatic
environment results in environmentally friendly degradation.
Whichever type of materials are used, the anti-biofouling structure
20 may be constructed such that the structure is formable such that
it is capable of being expanded three-dimensionally, radially,
longitudinally, or combinations thereof. This construction allows
positioning over an object so that the anti-biofouling structure 20
mirrors the contour of the surface of the object for which it is
attached thereto.
[0060] In order to impart anti-biofouling characteristics, attached
to or embedded within the horizontally positioned elements 50
and/or the vertically positioned elements 52 are agents which
prevent biofouling. In a preferred embodiment, the anti-biofouling
agent is econea. Other anti-biofouling agents, such as zinc, copper
or derivatives thereof, known to one of skill in the art may be
used in conjunction with the econea as soft anti-fouling agents.
These combinations create an anti-biofouling structure which
prevents both microfouling, such as biofilm formation and bacterial
attachment, and macrofouling, such as attachment of large
organisms, including barnacles or mussels.
[0061] Referring to FIGS. 7A and 8A, attached to the horizontally
positioned element 50 and the vertically positioned element 52 are
strips 54. The strips 54 contain various concentrations of econea,
and are constructed in such a manner as to leach or diffuse out of
the strip 54 and into the external environment, thus preventing the
various plant and animal species from attaching or establishing a
presence on the anti-biofouling structure 20. FIGS. 7B and 8B
illustrate an alternative embodiment of the anti-biofouling
structure 20. The anti-biofouling structure 20 has a reservoir 56
which contains free or microencapsulated econea. The
microencapsulation provides a mechanism in which the econea is
diffused or released into the environment in a time dependant
manner. The econea filled microcapsules 58 can be embedded into the
horizontally positioned element 50 and the vertically positioned
element 52 without the use of the reservoir 56 or alternatively
they may be coated onto the surface of the horizontal and vertical
elements. While these mechanisms described above may be the
preferred methods for embedding econea within the anti-biofouling
structure 20, other methods of inserting the anti-fouling agent,
such as the use of spray-on applications, as known to one of skill
in the art, are contemplated. Additionally, the anti-biofouling
structure 20 need not contain the vertical or horizontal elements,
but may be made of a pliable sheet which contains the econea
anti-fouling agent embedded therein. To provide a securing
mechanism, the anti-biofouling structure 20 can include fastening
elements, such as but not limited to loop 62 and hook 64 type
fasteners, such as VELCRO, snaps, buttons, glue strips, or
zippers.
[0062] The instant invention further contemplates a system for
preventing biofouling of an object stored in an aquatic
environment. The system includes the anti-biofouling structure as
previously described and a protective enclosure element, which may
comprise a material containing econea and one or more soft
anti-biofouling agents. FIG. 9 illustrates a particular embodiment
of the protective enclosure element 64 in the form of an expandable
bag. Protective enclosure element 64 has a generally circular
shaped front surface 66 and an expandable/collapsible body portion
68. A portion of the expandable/collapsible body contains
accordion-like infoldings which allow the protective enclosure
element 64 to be traversed between a first resting or collapsed
position, see FIG. 9, and a second fully extended position, see
FIG. 10, or multiple positions between the first and second
positions.
[0063] Attached to the protective enclosure element 64 are a first
cable 72 and a second cable 74. The first cable 72 and the second
cable 74 which can be made of rope, plastic, or preferably of
stainless steel, connect via attaching element 76, such as a clip
or swage, to a single securing cable or lanyard 78. When in the
extended form, the securing end 80 of the protective enclosure
element 64 is exposed and secures the protective enclosure element
64 to a structure or object, such as an exposed shaft of a boat
propeller, by way of fastening element 82, see FIG. 10. Fastening
element 82 can be connected to the protective enclosure element 64
through a securing string 84. FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative
embodiment of the protective enclosure element 64. This embodiment
contains the same features as described previously; however, the
second cable has a coiled portion 86.
[0064] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the fully extended
protective enclosure element 64. As illustrated, the securing end
80 contains the fastening elements 88 and 90. The fastening
elements 88 and 90 are illustrated as a loop and hook type
fastener, i.e. VELCRO, however, the fastening elements may also
include snaps, clasps, clip, buttons, zippers, or other fastening
type devices known to one of skill in the art. Although not
necessary, the securing end 80 may be designed to contain portions
92 and 94 which provide a place in which securing end 80 may be
attached to the external aquatic structure.
[0065] FIG. 15 illustrates the protective enclosure element 64 in
the fully extended position and placed over the propeller 16. FIG.
16 shows the addition of the anti-biofouling structure 20 to the
propeller 16. In use, the protective enclosure element 64 and the
anti-biofouling structure 20 can be secured to the necessary
structures with the aid of a diver. For example, the diver
encapsulates the protective enclosure element 64 over the propeller
16 by extending the protective enclosure element 64 from the first
storage position to the second extendable position. The protective
enclosure element 64 is secured to the exposed propeller shaft 18
through the securing element 82, including but not limited to a
gasket such as a closed cell foam ring (not illustrated) and a
circlip, see 82' (FIG. 9), commonly used on agriculture equipment.
The securing elements can be constructed of plastic or stainless
steel materials and can be sized to fit specific sized shafts. The
protective enclosure element 64 may also be designed to seal
against itself through the use of various sealing methods such as
snaps, buttons, or hook and loop fastening systems, such as VELCRO.
In a particular embodiment, the securing end 80 of the protective
enclosure element 64 is sealed with VELCRO type retention strips 88
and 90 (FIG. 12) which are attached to the outside perimeter of the
protective enclosure element 64. This provides attachment of the
protective enclosure element 64 around the propeller shaft.
[0066] The protective enclosure element 64 may also include a
semi-rigid, rectangular plastic stiffening plate 96, see FIG. 13.
The stiffening plate 96 is riveted to the inside of the protective
enclosure element 64. The plate assists in defining the protective
enclosure element 64 and will also facilitate the removal process
by providing support for the device that triggers release of the
protective enclosure element 64 from around the propeller. This
balances and facilitates the removal of the protective enclosure
element 64, thus reducing the likelihood of the device becoming
ensnared in either the propeller blades or rudder appendages. The
circlip 82', which maintains the protective enclosure element 64
seal around the propeller shaft 18, may be designed to have a
looped portion. The VELCRO which is used to seal the forward end of
the protective enclosure element 64 on both sides of the forward
face also contains a looped portion. The looped portion can be used
to clip the circlip together. This prevents the VELCRO connection
from becoming unattached and secures the circlip. Once secured in
place, the protective enclosure element 64 and the anti-biofouling
structure 20, which has been fitted to the propellers 16, remain in
place without the need for continuous monitoring and re-securing
steps, thereby protecting the encapsulated structures from the
aquatic environment without any additional efforts from the
user.
[0067] One of the advantages of the system as described herein is
that the components of the system are designed for easy removal.
The two cables 72 and 74 are positioned on the outside surface of
the protective enclosure element 64 and are fed over the top of the
propeller blades when the protective enclosure element 64 is fully
extended. The two cables may be positioned at points which are 180
degrees from each other when facing the back side of the propeller.
Each of the cables may simply be attached to the protective
enclosure element 64 via stitching, gluing, or through the use of a
small diameter, TEFLON-lined synthetic guide tube 98, see FIGS. 10
and 14. The tube can be secured at one or more points on each side
of the outside perimeter of the protective enclosure element 64.
The tubes can be designed to contain a 90 degree bend with an
opening facing the aft and the other end facing the propeller
shaft. The cables 72 and 74 are secured together with the attaching
element 76 to form the single securing cable 78. The securing cable
78 is led aft and up over a portion of the boat, such as the swim
platform or transom, and secured to the inside of the boat through
a cleat on each side of the boat with slight tension. When the boat
is at rest, the likelihood that the cable becomes entangled by an
object and results in creating a strong enough tension so as to
dislodge the securing devices is minimal.
[0068] Once the boat operator decides that the protective enclosure
element 64 must be removed, the operator pulls upon the securing
cable 78 with a backward force. Such a force simultaneously pulls
on the circlip and releases the device from the propeller shaft.
The backward force also releases the VELCRO connection, thereby
releasing the protective enclosure element 64. The protective
enclosure element 64 is now free to be pulled completely off the
enclosed object, i.e. propeller 16. Once free from the propeller,
the boat operator can start the engine, thereby creating rotational
spin of the propellers. As the propellers rotate, the
anti-biofouling sock 20 is expelled from the propellers into the
water. The operator can then simply retrieve the expelled
anti-biofouling sock 20 from the water. Alternatively, if the
anti-biofouling sock 20 can be made of a degradable material, the
sock can be left safely in the water to naturally disintegrate.
[0069] FIGS. 17-19 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure, illustrated generally as 100. In this
embodiment, the structure 100 is formed from a first rigid member
102 and a second rigid member 104 interconnected to form a
clam-shell configuration. Each of the rigid members 102 and 104
contain an interior 106 and 108 which is sized and shaped to house
a propeller. The outer shell is preferably made from a material,
such as plastics or a natural material, such as cotton, having a
hardness to retain its shape. Coated into the plastic or cotton
material are econea and preferably one or more soft
anti-biofouling, biocide materials. Alternatively, or in
combination, a biocide paint containing econea may be used to coat
the outer surfaces 110 and 112. In one embodiment, the bottom edge
114 of the first rigid member 102 and the bottom edge 116 of the
second rigid member 104 are hingedly connected through a living
hinge 118 and 120 or any other hinge mechanism which allows each of
the halves to move relative to each other, thereby opening and
closing about the hinge. Each of the rigid members 102 and 104 may
further contain a cut-out section 122 and 124 which is sized and
shaped to allow a rotor shaft to pass through when placed side by
side.
[0070] Referring to FIG. 18, when the first rigid member 102 is
aligned with the second rigid member 104, the cut out sections 122
and 124 form an opening 126. When the structure 100 is placed over
a rotor, the shaft connecting to the rotor passes through the
opening. To secure the first rigid member to the second rigid
member, the top surface 128 of the first rigid member 102 and the
top surface 130 of the second rigid member 104 contain one locking
member of a locking mechanism. As illustrated, the top surface 128
contains an eyelet 132 which is positioned to align with, in a
parallel fashion or overlap, a second eyelet 134 attached to top
surface 130 when the two rigid members are closed together. A
securing member, illustrated herein as a cotter pin 136, may be
used to secure the two members together. Preferably, the cotter pin
136 is secured to a portion of a lanyard 138. A second portion of
the lanyard 138 is attached to either half of the clam shell
halves. As shown in FIG. 18, the lanyard 138 attaches to the bottom
surface area 140 of the first half 102 or the bottom surface 142 of
the second half 104 through, for example, an eyelet 144. The amount
of lanyard which attaches to the cotter pin 136 is preferably less
than the amount of lanyard used to attach to the bottom. In this
manner, pulling on the handle attached to the lanyard 138 results
in pulling the pin 136 from the overlapping eyelets 132 and 134
first. As the lanyard 138 is continually pulled back, at some point
a tension is formed on the part of the lanyard that is connected to
either of the rigid members 102 or 104, resulting in the pulling
apart of one or both of the rigid members 102 and 104. Although not
illustrated, each of the halves may contain a weighted section to
allow them to sink below the boat. Since they remain attached to
the lanyard, the user can simply retrieve the halves by pulling on
the lanyard 138. Alternative securing mechanisms, including
buttons, snaps, zippers or other means known to one of skill in the
art can be used as well.
[0071] Referring to FIGS. 20-22, an alternative embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure is shown and illustrated as a bag-like
cover 146. The bag-like cover 146 is preferably made of a pliable
plastic or natural fiber material which is impregnated,
encapsulated, or coated with econea. The bag-like cover 146
contains two panels 148 and 150, see FIGS. 20 and 21. Panel 148
contains a face 152 which forms the front portion of the bag-like
cover 146 and an edge 154 which traverses the perimeter of the face
152. The panel 150 contains a face 156 which forms the back portion
of the bag-like cover 146. An edge 158 traverses the perimeter of
the face of 156. The panels 148 and 150 interconnect through edges
154 and 158 to form an interior portion 160. The interior portion
160 is sized and shaped to receive a structure, such as a boat
propeller, which needs to be protected from the effects of
biofouling. Preferably, the two panels 148 and 150 are partially
interconnected through a fastening mechanism, such as stitching 162
or chemical means.
[0072] As illustrated in FIG. 21, a portion of the bag-like cover
146 does not provide for the panels 148 and 150 to be
interconnected by stitching 162. This configuration provides for an
opening 164. The opening 164 provides a means for the bag-like
cover 146 to be arranged over a structure or object which needs to
be protected from biofouling. Once secured over the object,
bag-like cover 146 can be closed through securing members such as
buttons, snaps, zippers, or other means known to one of skill in
the art. In a preferred embodiment, the securing members are
preferably a loop and hook type fastening system, i.e. VELCRO.
Accordingly, a portion of the edges 154 and 158 or the faces 152
and 156 may contain the VELCRO loops 166 secured through, for
example stitching or chemical fastening, their surfaces. An
externally attached strap containing VELCRO hooks is used to fasten
the edges 154 and 158 together. By placing edges 154 and 158 in
close proximity, the strap 168 containing the VELCRO hooks is
placed over the VELCRO loops 166 portions, see FIG. 22.
[0073] As illustrated in FIG. 21, the back face 156 contains a
slitted portion 170 which terminates in a portion of the bag which
extends outwardly facing cylindrical shape 172. The slitted portion
170 provides for the bag-like cover to enclose an object which
contains portions which may not need to be covered. For example,
the cylindrical shape 172 shown in FIG. 21 is designed to allow the
bag-like cover 146 to enclose the propeller of the boat but allow
the propeller shaft 174 to extend out. The portions of the face 156
that defines the slitted areas can be covered with VELCRO loops as
described above. Aligning the areas in close proximity allows a
second strap 176 containing VELCRO hooks to be placed on top to
secure them together around the circumference of the propeller
shaft 174. Each of the straps 168 and 176 may contain one or more
attached O-rings (not illustrated). One or more lanyards (not
illustrated) may be attached to the O-rings. Pulling the lanyards
away from the cover provides a force that results in removal of the
straps 168 and 176 from the VELCRO loops 166. Fastened to the
interior portion of the cover 146 may be one or more D-rings (not
illustrated) which preferably attach to one or both straps 168 and
176 through, for example, stitching. Once coupled to the D-rings,
the straps 168 and/or 176 remain connected to the bag thereby
reducing the risk that they will be displaced. One or more openings
along the surface of the bag may be utilized to allow the straps to
exit the interior portion and couple to the VELCRO loops 166. Once
the straps are removed from the VELCRO loops 166, the bag is
partially opened and it can be removed from covering the
object.
[0074] Referring to FIGS. 23-25, an alternative embodiment of the
anti-biofouling structure is shown and illustrated as bag 178. The
bag 178 is preferably constructed of a collapsible plastic
material, similar to a standard garbage bag, and is impregnated or
coated with econea. The bag 178 contains a main body comprising an
opening which is sized and shaped to allow a structure to be stored
within the interior portion 184. The outer edges 186 and 184 may be
made of a stronger material than that of the body to allow the bag
178 to maintain some shape. Tightening members, illustrated herein
as drawstring 190 and 192, are used to enclose the bag 178 over the
object. Drawstring 190 and 192 are preferably constructed in such a
manner that, as the first drawstring 190 is pulled toward the
second drawstring 192, opening 182 is reduced. Additionally, the
drawstring 190 and 192, when pulled together maintain a tension so
that when they are not secured together, they retract back to their
original, non-pulled state. The drawstrings 190 and 192 contain
eyelets 194 and 196 which align together when the two drawstrings
are pulled toward each other. A securing member, such as a cotter
pin 198 is used to secure the drawstrings together. In a similar
manner, as described before, the cotter pin 198 can be secured to a
string 200. The opposite end of the string 200 may be attached to
the bag 178 at a canvas strap 202. Pulling on the canvas strap 202
results in dislodging the cotter pin 198 from the eyelets 194 and
196. Once the eyelets are no longer secured to each other, the
drawstrings 190 and 192 retract, opening the bag and exposing
object, illustrated herein, as a boat propeller 204, see FIG.
25.
[0075] All patents and publications mentioned in this specification
are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which
the invention pertains. All patents and publications are herein
incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual
publication was specifically and individually indicated to be
incorporated by reference.
[0076] It is to be understood that while a certain form of the
invention is illustrated, it is not to be limited to the specific
form or arrangement herein described and shown. It will be apparent
to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made
without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention
is not to be considered limited to what is shown and described in
the specification and any drawings/figures included herein.
[0077] One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the
present invention is well adapted to carry out the objectives and
obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent
therein. The embodiments, methods, procedures and techniques
described herein are presently representative of the preferred
embodiments, are intended to be exemplary and are not intended as
limitations on the scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur
to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit
of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended
claims. Although the invention has been described in connection
with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that
the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such
specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the
described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to
those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the
following claims.
* * * * *