U.S. patent application number 13/996332 was filed with the patent office on 2013-10-24 for ventilation device for generating uniform fluid flows, and a drive unit for a device of said type.
The applicant listed for this patent is Reto Bohlen, Marcel Frikart. Invention is credited to Reto Bohlen, Marcel Frikart.
Application Number | 20130280069 13/996332 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45651807 |
Filed Date | 2013-10-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130280069 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bohlen; Reto ; et
al. |
October 24, 2013 |
VENTILATION DEVICE FOR GENERATING UNIFORM FLUID FLOWS, AND A DRIVE
UNIT FOR A DEVICE OF SAID TYPE
Abstract
A device according to the present disclosure (60) for generating
a directed fluid flow comprises a support structure (1); a rotary
structure (5) disposed in relation to the support structure so as
to be rotatable around a first axis of rotation (10); and at least
one active element (61, 61') disposed on the rotary structure (5)
so as to be rotatable around a second axis of rotation (9,9'), and
which has an active surface (67). The at least one active element
is rotatably connected to the rotary structure and the support
structure such that, when the rotary structure rotates in relation
to the support structure by one revolution around the first axis of
rotation in a first direction of rotation, the at least one active
element rotates in relation to the rotary structure by half of one
revolution around the second axis of rotation in the opposite
direction of rotation.
Inventors: |
Bohlen; Reto; (Gerzensee,
CH) ; Frikart; Marcel; (Bern, CH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Bohlen; Reto
Frikart; Marcel |
Gerzensee
Bern |
|
CH
CH |
|
|
Family ID: |
45651807 |
Appl. No.: |
13/996332 |
Filed: |
December 16, 2011 |
PCT Filed: |
December 16, 2011 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2011/073073 |
371 Date: |
June 20, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
416/9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01D 5/00 20130101; F04D
33/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
416/9 |
International
Class: |
F01D 5/00 20060101
F01D005/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 21, 2010 |
CH |
02138/10 |
Feb 1, 2011 |
CH |
00194/11 |
Sep 1, 2011 |
CH |
01430/11 |
Claims
1. A device for generating a directed fluid flow, particularly a
directed air flow, by moving an active element with an active
surface in a fluid, having a support structure; a rotary structure,
which is rotatably supported around a first axis of rotation
relative to the support structure; and at least one active element
with an active surface, which is mounted on the rotary structure
and rotatably supported around a second axis of rotation; wherein
the at least one active element is operatively connected to the
rotary structure and the support structure in such a manner that,
when the rotary structure rotates in relation to the support
structure around the first axis of rotation by a first frequency of
rotation f1, the at least one active element rotates in relation to
the rotary structure around the second axis of rotation by a second
speed of rotation f2, wherein the ratio between the first and the
second frequency of rotation is more than 1, preferably
.gtoreq.1.5, and especially preferred .gtoreq.1.7.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio between the
first and the second frequency of rotation is less than 3,
preferably .ltoreq.2.5, and especially preferred .ltoreq.2.25.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first axis of
rotation of the rotary structure and the second axis of rotation of
the active elements are parallel.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the
first axis of rotation of the rotary structure and the second axis
of rotation of the active elements is less than 90.degree.,
preferably less than 45.degree., especially preferred less than
30.degree..
5. The device according to claim 1, characterized wherein the
active elements are essentially configured as flat paddles.
6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one active
element includes a drive gear, which is connected in a
torque-resistant or rotatable manner to the same, that is rotatably
connected to the support structure.
7. The device according to claims 6, wherein the drive gears of the
active elements are rotatably connected to the center gear by means
of V-belts and/or intermediate gears, wherein the said center gear
is fixedly disposed or reversibly locked in relation to the support
structure.
8. The device according to claims 6, wherein the drive gears of the
active elements are rotatably connected to a ring gear, wherein the
said ring gear is fixedly disposed or reversibly locked in relation
to the support structure.
9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the actuation of the
active elements is achieved by means of a drive motor that rotates
the rotary structure in relation to the support structure.
10. The device according to claim 6, wherein the actuation of an
active element is achieved by means of a direct drive motor that
rotates the active element of the drive gear in relation to the
rotary structure.
11. The device according to claim 1, wherein there exists at least
one drive unit, wherein the rotary structure and the at least one
active element are rotatably connected to a drive unit; and a
center gear, which is coaxially disposed in relation to the first
axis of rotation, is rotatably connected to the at least one active
element, wherein the said center gear is able to rotate with regard
to the support structure and the rotary structure around the first
axis of rotation.
12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the center gear and
the rotary structure are powered by a common drive unit.
13. The device according to claim 11, wherein the center gear and
the rotary structure are powered by two different drive units.
14. The device according to claim 11, wherein the center gear and
the rotary structure have different rotational speeds with the same
rotational speed of the drive unit.
15. The device according to claim 11, wherein two or more coupling
units are provided by means of which it is possible to rotatably
connect the at least one drive unit to the center gear and the
rotary structure, wherein the two or more coupling units can be
alternately activated.
16. The device according to claim 15, wherein the two or more
coupling units generate different speed ratios between the center
gear and the rotary structure and/or between the center gear and
the drive unit and/or between the rotary structure and the drive
unit.
17. The device according to claim 15, wherein two coupling units
are provided, and it is possible to switch back and forth between
the same by changing the direction of rotation of the drive
unit.
18. The device according to claim 17, wherein the coupling units
are configured such that the directions of rotation of the center
gear and the rotary structure are independent of the direction of
rotation of the drive unit.
19. The device according to claim 11, further comprising an
auxiliary drive and an addition gear with a sun gear, a ring gear,
as well as a planet carrier means that is rotatably disposed
between the ring gear and the center gear; wherein planetary gears
are rotatably disposed on the planet carrier means, which rotatably
connect the ring gear, the planet carrier means and the sun gear;
and wherein a drive unit, the auxiliary drive and the center gear
are rotatably connected, respectively, to one unit each of the
three units ring gear, planet carrier means and center gear.
20. The device according to claim 19, wherein the drive unit is
rotatably connected to the sun gear, the auxiliary drive is
rotatably connected to the ring gear, and the center gear is
rotatably connected to the planetary gear device.
21. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rotary structure
includes at least on active element holding means in which the at
least one active element can be reversibly fastened.
22. The device according to claim 1, further comprising solar cells
that are disposed on the active elements.
23. The device according to claim 1, further comprising light
sources that are disposed on the active elements.
24. A drive apparatus for generating superimposed rotational
movements of active elements, having at least one drive unit; one
support structure; one rotary structure, which is rotatably
connected to the drive unit, and rotatably supported in relation to
the support structure around a first axis of rotation; and one or a
plurality of holding means for active elements, which are rotatably
connected to the drive unit, and the same are rotatably supported
on the rotary structure around a second axis of rotation, further
comprising a center gear that is rotatably connected to the active
element holding means, and which is coaxially disposed in relation
to the first axis of rotation, wherein the said center gear is able
to rotate in relation to the support structure and the rotary
structure around the first axis of rotation.
25. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the center
gear and the rotary structure are powered by a common drive
unit.
26. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the center
gear and the rotary structure are powered by two different drive
units.
27. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the center
gear and the rotary structure have different speeds of rotation,
while the speeds of rotation of the drive unit is the same.
28. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein two or more
coupling units are provided by means of which the at least one
drive unit can be rotatably connected to the center gear and the
rotary structure, wherein the two or more coupling units can be
alternately activated.
29. The drive apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the two or
more coupling units generate different speed ratios between the
center gear and rotary structure and/or between the center gear and
the drive unit and/or between the rotary structure and the drive
unit.
30. The drive apparatus according to claim 28, wherein two or more
coupling units are provided, and wherein it is possible to switch
back and forth between the same by changing the direction of
rotation of the drive unit.
31. The drive apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the coupling
units are configured such that the directions of rotation of the
center gear and of the rotary structure are independent of the
direction of rotation of the drive unit.
32. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein an auxiliary
drive and an addition gear having a sun gear, a ring gear as well
as a planetary gear device is rotatably disposed between the ring
gear and the sun gear; wherein planetary gears are rotatably
disposed on the planetary gear device rotatably connecting the sun
gear; and wherein a drive unit, the auxiliary drive and the center
gear are rotatably connected respectively with one of the three
units ring gear, planetary gear device and sun gear.
33. The drive apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the drive
unit is rotatably connected to the sun gear, the auxiliary drive is
rotatably connected to the ring gear, and the center gear is
rotatably connected to the planetary gear device.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The invention relates to a device for generating fluid
flows, particularly ventilation devices for generating air flow, as
well as drive units for generating superimposed rotational
movements of active elements, particularly slated to such devices
for the purpose of generating fluid flows.
PRIOR ART
[0002] Modern tabletop, standing and ceiling fans are for the most
part constructed as axial-flow fans, wherein the axis of rotation
of the axial-flow rotor extends parallel or axially, respectively,
relative to the air flow. The air is moved by the axial-flow rotor.
Axial-flow fans have comparatively minimal dimensions while still
providing a relatively high throughput of conveyed air. Fans
typically do not include a compression housing (pressure ratio
between intake side and pressure side>1). Correspondingly, such
housing-less continuous-flow machines are in fact propeller
machines.
[0003] Fans for residential and occupational environments generally
suffer from certain disadvantages. In general, propeller fans
generate air flows that are much too strong and too directional.
The relevant measurement unit for the strength of a fan is
primarily the air volume that can be transported per time unit.
Typically, a great amount of air in excess of what is needed is
circulated, thereby resulting in unnecessarily high energy
costs.
[0004] The fast air flow blows directly against the user, which is
often perceived as uncomfortable, especially when the flow is
directed in the area of the face. Since large air flows also swirl
around much dust as well as pathogens distributing them throughout
the room, health problems can result. Due to the fact that the
machine rotates at a high speed, and propellers chop up the air,
unwanted noise is generated and bothersome fluttering or flapping
occurs, which is perceived as disturbing especially at nighttime
and in quiet locations.
[0005] Fans usually include a grating that is intended as a
protective shield against fast turning rotor blades. However, the
danger persists, for example, for small children, because the
clearances within the grating are not narrow enough. Attempts have
been made to develop alternate ventilation devices. For example, DE
2005050055 discloses a ventilation device that provides for a
linearly pivoting fan. By providing for an asymmetrical and
flexible shape design of the fan, an air flow is generated that is
directed in a certain direction. To change the direction, the
entire apparatus must be rotated.
[0006] US 2010/0226751 A1 discloses a ventilation device in form of
a standing fan that provides for air being sucked in through
openings in the carrier column, which is then is pumped into an
angular nozzle from where said air is discharged as an angular
primary air flow. The air flow pulls further air along with it, and
a directional air flow is created. A device of this kind does not
include any accessible, fast-moving parts and is, therefore, less
hazardous. However, the apparatus is afflicted by problems due to
noise because of the fast rotating fan that transports the primary
air flow, on the one hand, and discharge noises at the nozzle, on
the other hand. Moreover, the air flow is strong, because the
system is no longer functional with lower air-conveying
outputs.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[0007] It is therefore the object of the present invention to
describe a device for generating fluid flows, particularly a
ventilation device that does not suffer from the disadvantages of
the prior art as mentioned above, or from further
disadvantages.
[0008] In particular, a ventilation device of this kind shall have
low energy consumption and run as quietly as possible.
[0009] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
ventilation device that is functional without fast moving parts,
and thus without injury risk.
[0010] It is a further object of the invention to provide
advantageous drive units for generating superimposed rotational
movements by active elements. In particular, a drive unit of this
kind shall be suitable for powering a ventilation device according
to the invention.
[0011] A drive unit of this kind shall allow for a compact
construction. It shall generate minimal noise emissions and low
energy consumption. A drive unit of this kind shall be
cost-effective and easy to manufacture, and it shall be made of as
few components as possible.
[0012] Advantageously, the device shall allow for changing the gear
ratio and/or for flexible controlling of the two rotational
movements during operation.
[0013] These and other tasks are achieved by a ventilation device
according to the invention and a drive unit according to the
invention corresponding to the independent claims. Further
advantageous embodied examples are set forth in the dependent
claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The present invention is an apparatus that generates a
gentle, directional and adjustable flow in a fluid, particularly
air. A device of this kind can be used anywhere where there is a
demand or need for a gentle, directional and adjustable air flow.
As an air flow machine, the device is especially suited for
applications in residential, occupational and public environments
as a direct cooling means for one person or several people using an
air flow, or generally for improving the air circulation in a
room.
[0015] In a ventilation device according to the invention, a
directional air flow is generated by means of the superimposed
movements of a single or a plurality of paddles and a rotating
plate connected thereto. The rotating plate rotates around the own
vertical axis thereof, which, in turn, is disposed orthogonally
relative to the generated flow axis. The paddles, which are offset
relative to the vertical axis of the rotating plate, rotate for
every revolution of the rotating plate by one half of a revolution
around the own vertical axis thereof, however in the opposite
direction relative to the rotation of the rotating plate. This
superimposed movement has the effect that a certain air volume is
taken up over the impingement surface of the paddle, accelerated
and released in the direction that is orthogonal relative to the
paddle surfaces in the direction of rotation.
[0016] A device according to the invention for generating a
directional fluid flow, particularly a directional air flow, by
means of moving an active element with an active surface in a fluid
comprises a support structure, a rotary structure that is rotatably
supported in relation to the support structure around a first axis
of rotation, and at least one active element with an active surface
that is rotatably supported on the rotary structure around a second
axis of rotation. The at least one active element is operatively
connected to the rotary structure and the support structure in such
a manner that, upon a rotation of the rotary structure in relation
to the support structure around the first axis of rotation at a
first frequency of rotation, the at least one active element
rotates in relation to the rotary structure by a second rotational
speed around the second axis of rotation. The ratio between the
first and second frequency of rotation is >1. Preferably, the
ratio is .gtoreq.1.5 and especially preferred .gtoreq.1.7.
[0017] The ratio between the first and the second frequency of
rotation is advantageously <3, preferably .ltoreq.2.5, and
especially preferred .ltoreq.2.25.
[0018] Even more advantageously, the ratio between the first and
the second frequency of rotation is between 1.9 and 2.1, and
especially preferred 2, which corresponds to a constant direction
of action. A ratio that is not 2, in turn, has the advantage that
the direction of action is not constant.
[0019] In the present configuration, the rotary structure and the
support structure are rotatably connected in such a manner that,
upon a rotation of the rotary structure around the first axis, in a
certain angular position, the active surface of the paddle is
radially disposed in relation to the rotary structure such that the
active surface moves frontally in the air. The active element has
the maximum effect thereof in this position, because the active
surface thereof moves perpendicularly in relation to the air. The
normal of the active surface of the active element in the
aforementioned position defines the entire direction of action of
the device in the mentioned position. The related angular position
can be defined in that the normal of the active surface is parallel
relative to the tangent of a circle in this position, whereby said
circle is described by the intersection of the movement of the
second axis of rotation with a normal plane in relation to the
first axis of rotation.
[0020] In an angular position that is shifted by 180.degree., the
active surface of the paddle is disposed tangentially relative to
the rotary structure, such that the active surface essentially does
not pose any air resistance.
[0021] Preferably, the active elements are substantially configured
as flat paddles.
[0022] A device of this kind can be implemented in the context of
diverse embodied examples, providing various adjustment options to
the user. The device operates with a small energy expenditure and
at minimum noise. The air flow is generated by means of a special
arrangement and movement of a paddle apparatus having a single or a
plurality of paddles. The generation of the movement pattern of the
device and the paddle can be achieved by different drive
variants.
[0023] Preferably, the device rotates slower than conventional
fans, thereby ensuring the safety of the application, especially
for children. Certain embodied examples can be automatically locked
or switched off when an external force is applied to the
paddles.
[0024] The device according to the invention is scalable and can be
embodied in different sizes, thereby allowing for an
implementation, for example, as miniature, tabletop, standing, wall
and ceiling fans. The device therein can be positioned as lying,
standing of hanging, all the while maintaining the same direction
of action thereof.
[0025] In an advantageous embodied example of a device according to
the invention, the second direction of rotation is equal to the
first direction of rotation. This is seen from the perspective of
an outside observer. Seen in the reference system of the rotary
structure, on the other hand, the at least one active element would
rotate in an opposite direction. While the first perspective is
important for an understanding of the relationship between
time-dependent direction of action and frequency ratio, the second
perspective is relevant for an understanding of the transfer of the
rotational movement between rotary structure and active
elements.
[0026] In another advantageous embodied example of a device
according to the invention, the first axis of rotation of the
rotary structure and the second axis of rotation of the active
elements are parallel.
[0027] In another embodied example, the angle between the first
axis of rotation of the rotary structure and the second axis of
rotation of the active elements is less than 90.degree., preferably
less than 45.degree., particularly preferred less than
30.degree..
[0028] The angle between the paddle axis and the axis of rotation
of the rotating plate can be configured in the off-state, for
example by way of holding means with different angles on the
rotating plate. The holding means angle can also be modified during
operation using an additional drive machine, or also a mechanical
drive and an adjustment screw.
[0029] The flow strength of the air flow can be configured in
stages or gradually within certain limits in the off-state, and/or
it can be adjusted during operation by increasing the speed of the
drive powering the rotating plate. The characteristic of the flow
can be configured in the off-state, by replacing the paddles with
other paddles, that can have different shapes and sizes (and
therefore impingement areas) or material properties (elastic,
rigid). A more constant strength of the air flow and/or a higher
conveying output at the same speed can be achieved by increasing
the number of paddles. This is also accompanied by an esthetic
effect.
[0030] The direction of action, meaning the direction of the
generated air flow can be automatically changed in the horizontal
position during operation, and is able to rotate, for example at a
certain cadence over the full 360.degree., around the vertical axis
of the rotating plate. In such a mode of rotation, the device thus
generates a directional air flow, and the direction of action of
which rotates within a certain amount of time one time by
360.degree.. The speed of this rotation and the direction of the
rotation can be configured in the switched-off state or adjusted
during running operation, or made available in a fixed
configuration. For example, the gear ratio can be selected as
non-equal 2:1; or it is possible to provide an additional drive. An
adjustment of the direction of flow by 180.degree. can also be
achieved by reversing the direction of rotation of the rotary
structure and of the active elements. At a gear ratio that is
non-equal 2:1, this also reverses the direction of rotation of the
direction of action.
[0031] It is also possible to pivot the generated direction of flow
within a certain angular range. In such an oscillation mode, the
device covers a wider angular range, as known from conventional
fans that have rotors which are often also pivotable. Contrary to
these conventional devices, however, it is not necessary to pivot
the entire device; only the alignment of the active elements must
be pivoted.
[0032] If a time-dependent change of the direction of flow shall be
achieved by means of a gear ratio that is different from 2:1, the
change of the direction of flow results from the following
relationship: the first frequency of rotation of the rotary
structure shall be f.sub.1, and the second frequency of rotation of
the active element shall be f.sub.2, at a ratio of
R=f.sub.1/f.sub.2. Resulting for the angle of rotation .beta. of
the rotary structure and the angle of rotation of the active
element .alpha. is the ratio of R=.beta./.alpha.. The angle .beta.,
.alpha.=0.degree. therein is an angle of rotation for which the
active element is in the position with maximum active output in
which the normal of the active surface, as described above, defines
the direction of action.
[0033] If R is not 2, with R=2+d, there results a change of the
direction of action by an angle . If for .beta.=0.degree. the
active element is perpendicular relative to the direction of
action, and if .beta.' is the angle of rotation for which an active
element is perpendicular relative to the new direction of action,
with .beta.'+.delta.=360.degree., then it must apply for this angle
of rotation .beta.'=.alpha.'+180.degree.. Simultaneously, it always
applies .beta.'=R*.alpha.'. After conversion the result is
.delta.=-180.degree.*([R-2]/[R-1]), and/or
.delta.=180.degree.*(-d/[1+d]). For small d<<1, the result is
.delta..apprxeq.180.degree.*(-d).
[0034] To achieve the angular position .beta.', the rotary
structure needs t'=)(.beta.'/360.degree.*(1/f.sub.1). The angular
frequency of the direction of action is thus
360.degree.*f.sub.w=|.delta.|/t'=|.delta.|[(1-.delta./360.degree.]|*f.sub-
.1. The frequency of the change of the direction of action is thus
f.sub.w=f.sub.1*|.delta./(360.degree.-.delta.)|, and/or for small
d<<1:
f.sub.w.apprxeq.f.sub.1*(|.delta./360.degree.|)=(|d/2|)*f.sub.1.
[0035] If, for example, R=1.99 (and/or R=2.01), and thus d=-0.01
(and/or d=0.01), and the rotary structure rotates with a frequency
of f.sub.1=20 r/min, then there results
.delta.=180.degree.*(0.01/1.01)=1.8.degree. (and/or -1.8.degree.).
The direction of action rotates with the frequency f.sub.w=0.005*20
r/min=0.1 r/min. Every 10 minutes, the direction of action rotates
one time around the first axis of rotation.
[0036] With R=1.9 and/or 2.1 there results already
f.sub.w.apprxeq.0.05*20 r/min=1 r/min. This means, the direction of
action rotates each minute one time by 360.degree.. If R is even
R=1.8 (and/or R=2.2), then it applies f.sub.w=2.2 r/min and/or 1.8
r/min.
[0037] To achieve an effective air flow, it is necessary for the
active surfaces to cooperate with a certain direction of action,
such that a corresponding movement can result in the fluid.
Correspondingly, the ratio of the two frequencies of rotation
R=f.sub.1/f.sub.2 should not deviate too much from 2. The greater
the number of active elements that are included in a device, the
greater is the number of active surfaces that operate per
revolution of the rotating plate in the direction of action, and
the stronger is the resulting air flow. The same applies for larger
active surfaces. Correspondingly, in such a case, the deviation of
the ratio from 2 can be selected as greater, and an air flow can
still be generated. In the aforementioned example of a device
according to the invention with an active element and with
f.sub.1=20 r/min, an active element acts ca. every 3 seconds in the
direction of action pushing the air ahead of the same. The "active
frequency" is thus 1/3 Hz. With a device having two active
elements, this occurs every 1.5 s, and with three active elements
every second (active frequency 1 Hz), etc.
[0038] The frequency of rotation of the direction of action should,
advantageously, be at least eight times smaller than the frequency
of rotation of the rotary structure, such that an air flow that is
directed according to the invention can form,
A=f.sub.w/f.sub.1.ltoreq.1/8. In a back-calculation this
corresponds to an angle of rotation .delta..ltoreq.360.degree.
A/(A+1)=40.degree., and/or -.delta..ltoreq.360.degree.
A/(A-1)=51.degree.. This, in turn, corresponds to a deviation
-d.ltoreq.0.28 and/or d.ltoreq.0.22. Correspondingly, R should be
within the range of ca. 1.72 to ca. 2.22.
[0039] In the vertical position (with the device standing), the
wind direction can be configured via a certain angle in the
off-state and/or adjusted during operation, for example by the use
of an electrical drive. To this end, for example, except for the
base plate, the complete device can be supported on a rotating
horizontal axis.
[0040] Advantageously, in the device according to the invention,
the at least one active element includes a drive gear that is
connected thereto in a torque-resistant or rotatable manner, and
the drive gear is rotatably connected to the support structure. It
is especially advantageous in such an embodied example for the
drive gear of the active elements to be rotatably connected via
V-belts and/or intermediate gears to a center gear, wherein the
mentioned center gear is disposed as fixed or reversibly locked
relative to the support structure. Alternately, especially
advantageously, the drive gears of the active elements are
connected to a ring gear, wherein said ring gear is disposed as
fixed or reversibly locked relative to the support structure.
[0041] In the previously mentioned devices according to the
invention, the active elements are advantageously actuated by means
of a drive motor that rotates the rotary structure relative to the
support structure.
[0042] The actuation of an active element can be achieved by an
direct drive motor that rotates the active element per the drive
gear relative to the rotary structure.
[0043] A further advantageous embodied example according to the
invention includes at least one drive unit, wherein the rotary
structure and the at least one active element are rotatably
connected to a drive unit, and a center gear, which is coaxially
disposed relative to the first axis of rotation, is rotatably
connected to the at least one active element, wherein the
aforementioned center gear can be rotated in relation to the
support structure and the rotary structure around the first axis of
rotation. Especially advantageously, the center gear and the rotary
structure are powered by a common drive unit, or by two different
drive units.
[0044] The center gear and the rotary structure can have different
speeds, with the same rotational speed of the drive unit.
[0045] Two or more coupling units can be provided by which the at
least one drive unit can be rotatably connected to the center gear
and the rotary structure, wherein the two or more coupling units
can be alternately activated. With a variant of this kind,
advantageously, two or more coupling units generate different speed
ratios between center gear and rotary structure and/or between
center gear and drive unit and/or between rotary structure and
drive unit. Particularly advantageously, two coupling units are
provided; and it is possible to switch back and forth between them
by changing the direction of rotation of the drive unit.
Preferably, the coupling units are configured such that the
directions of rotation of the center gear and the rotary structure
(5) are independent of the direction of rotation of the drive
unit.
[0046] Another advantageous variant of a device according to the
invention provides for an auxiliary drive and an addition gear with
a sun gear, a ring gear and a planet carrier means that is
rotatably disposed between the ring gear and the sun gear.
Planetary gears are rotatably disposed on the planet carrier means
that rotatably connect the ring gear, the planet carrier means and
the sun gear. A drive unit, the auxiliary drive and the center gear
are rotatably connected, respectively, with one of the three units
ring gear, planet carrier means and sun gear. The drive unit is
preferably rotatably connected to the sun gear, the auxiliary drive
is preferably rotatably connected to the ring gear and the center
gear to the planet carrier means.
[0047] Advantageously, the rotary structure of a device according
to the invention includes at least one active element holding means
in which the active element can be reversibly fastened.
[0048] In a device according to the invention, it is possible to
dispose solar cells on the active elements. Such a device according
to the invention can be implemented with or without storage battery
for energy storage. A paddle can thus, for example, supply the
energy for the own rotation thereof.
[0049] Another device according to the invention is implemented
with an accumulator (battery) inside the paddle. The storage
battery can be charged by a charging device via an interface in the
off-state, or it can be disassembled and recharged, or the battery
is removable. The drive therein can be implemented in the paddles
or inside the housing. Communication can occur between the paddles
and external devices (for example, for remote operation or
synchronization).
[0050] Light sources can be disposed on the active elements. The
light sources can be LEDs, for example. A light effect (for
example, a pattern against the ceiling, housing, enveloping sleeve
or illumination of the paddle) can be achieved by an arrangement of
the light sources on the housing or on the rotating plate. A
transparent or translucent paddle can be turned into an illuminated
paddle with integrated or external (for example, in the housing by
means of an optical waveguide) light sources. A paddle can be used
as a lamp, for example, when light sources are disposed on the
paddle surface.
[0051] A plurality of devices can be connected to each other in
such a manner that a new device assembly is achieved. Preferably,
the devices therein have a paddle angle of 0.degree.
(parallel-rotating paddles), such that the result is a common
direction of flow. This way, it is possible, for example, to obtain
devices with large flow areas in a space-saving manner, for example
across an entire wall of a room.
[0052] The devices according to the invention can be configured for
standing, lying or hanging operation. For example, a device
according to the invention can be configured as a tabletop device,
or it can be mounted on a wall or a ceiling.
[0053] A device according to the invention can be combined with
different other output options, such as, for example, the
dissemination of light, music or odor.
[0054] The appearance of the device can be modified by exchangeable
paddles having different shapes, colors, housings, materials, etc.
in order to customize the device.
[0055] The energy supply is provided by means of the mains, an
external solar module or solar cells that are integrated in the
housing and that are optionally provided with a charging and
storage battery unit, removable and thus rechargeable by the sun.
Also possible is an energy supply via a USB interface or by means
of integrated or removable batteries, or storage batteries.
[0056] The device can be combined with a display indicator for
temperature, humidity, internet news feed, calendar, birthday
calendar or other information.
[0057] If a plurality of devices are operated simultaneously in a
room, the devices can be operated by a single remote control,
and/or they can be electronically synchronized.
[0058] A drive unit according to the invention for generating
superimposed rotational movements of active elements comprises at
least a drive unit, a support structure, a rotary structure that is
disposed with the ability to rotate around a first axis of rotation
in relation to the support structure, and the rotary structure is
rotatably connected to the drive unit; and a simple or a plurality
of holding means for the active elements that are supported with
the ability to rotate around second axes of rotation, which are
rotatably connected to the drive unit. A center gear that is
rotatably connected to the holding means of the active elements is
coaxially disposed relative to the first axis of rotation, wherein
the aforementioned center gear can be rotated with regard to the
support structure and the rotary structure around a first axis of
rotation.
[0059] The term rotating in this sense means that the center gear
and the rotary structure are not connected in a torque-resistant
manner. However, depending on the embodiment, an indirect,
rotatable coupling can be present between the center gear and the
rotary structure.
[0060] The active element can be, for example, a bar and a paddle
having a certain shape and active surface for generating the
directed air flow, and which is connected thereto. The at least one
active element can be advantageously rotatably connected to the
rotary structure and the support structure in such a manner that,
upon a rotation of the rotary structure around the first axis of
rotation in a certain angular position, the active element stands
in a first defined position; and in an angular position of the
rotary structure that is rotated by 180.degree., the active
elements stands rotated, for example, by 90.degree. around a second
axis of rotation relative to the first defined position. The at
least one active element that must be rotated can thus be rotatably
connected, for example, to the rotary structure and the support
structure such that, when the rotary structure rotates one time
around the first axis of rotation, the at least one active element
rotates, for example, half a turn in the opposite direction around
the second axis of rotation. Seen from the perspective of the
observer, during a single rotation of the rotary structure around
the first axis of rotation in a clockwise direction, the active
element rotates by half a rotation, which is also in a clockwise
direction.
[0061] The center gear and the rotary structure can be powered by a
common drive unit, or by two different drive units.
[0062] With the same rotational speed of the drive unit, the center
gear and the rotary structure can have different speeds of
rotation.
[0063] Two or more coupling units are provided in an advantageous
embodied example according to the invention, and to which the at
least one drive unit can be rotatably connected by the center gear
and the rotary structure, wherein the two and more coupling units
can be alternately activated.
[0064] In an especially advantageous embodied example of a drive
unit according to the invention, two or more coupling units
generate different speed ratios between the center gear and rotary
structure and/or between the center gear and the drive unit and/or
between the rotary structure and the drive unit.
[0065] In an especially advantageous embodied example of such a
drive unit according to the invention, two coupling units are
provided, and it is possible to switch back and forth between the
same by changing the direction of rotation of the drive unit.
Especially advantageously, the coupling units are configured such
that the directions of rotation of the center gear and the rotary
structure are independent of the direction of rotation of the drive
unit.
[0066] A further advantageous embodied example of a drive unit
according to the invention comprises an auxiliary drive and an
addition gear with a sun gear, a ring gear and a planetary gear
device that is rotatably disposed between the ring gear and the sun
gear. The planet carrier means has planetary gears rotatably
disposed thereupon, which rotatably connect the ring gear, the
planet carrier means and the sun gear. A drive unit, the auxiliary
drive and the center gear are rotatably connected, respectively, to
one of the three units of ring gear, planet carrier means and sun
gear.
[0067] An especially advantageous variant provides that the drive
unit is rotatably connected to the center gear, the auxiliary drive
to the ring gear and the center gear to the planet carrier
means.
[0068] A drive unit according to the invention can be used, for
example, for a flow machine according to the Swiss patent
applications no. 02138/10 and no. 00194/11 by the applicant. The
superimposed rotational movement of the rotary structure and of the
active elements of the paddles that is thus generated therein
results in a gentle, directional and adjustable flow in a certain
medium, such as, for example, air.
[0069] If the relationship of the two superimposed rotational
movements is adjusted such that, upon a single revolution by the
rotary structure around the first axis of rotation, the axis of the
active element rotates one half of a revolution in the opposite
direction around the second axis of rotation, a continuous air flow
flowing in one direction is generated. If the relationship of the
two rotational movements does not correspond to this
characteristic, the air flow can be directed in more than one
direction.
[0070] The areas of application of a device according to the
invention for generating superimposed rotational movements are not
limited to the generation of air flows. The device can also be
used, for example, in water or in other media. Moreover, by a
functional reversal, it is also suitable as an electrical power
generator in different flow media, such as air and water, wherein
the kinetic energy of a fluid can be captured by means of the
active elements and transferred by means of the superimposed
rotational movement to a connected power generator. Further areas
of application are, for example, the mixing of media or the
three-dimensional movement of items.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0071] For a better understanding of the enclosed invention,
reference shall be made below to the drawings. The drawings
represent only embodiments of the subject-matter of the invention.
In the schematic figures, the toothing of the different gears is
only hinted at or omitted altogether for better clarity of the
drawing.
[0072] FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic representation, the
superimposed movement by the paddle and the rotating plate of a
device according to the invention for generating a directional
fluid flow at a gear ratio of 2:1.
[0073] FIG. 2 shows, in a schematic representation, the direction
of the air flow generated by a ventilation device according to the
invention.
[0074] FIG. 3 shows a possible embodiment of a drive unit for a
ventilation device according to the invention having two paddles, a
center gear and two intermediate gears.
[0075] FIG. 4 shows (a), in a perspective view of an embodied
example of a ventilation device according to the invention having
two paddles, (b) in a side view, and (c) in a top view.
[0076] FIG. 5 shows further advantageous embodied variants of a
ventilation device according to the invention.
[0077] FIG. 6 shows four further embodied variants of a ventilation
device according to the invention, with illumination elements.
[0078] FIG. 7 shows an embodied example of the ventilation device
according to the invention, with arrangement of the rotating plate,
paddle gears, intermediate gears and fixed center gear according to
FIG. 3, but not with powering of the central axis via drive gear
and drive inside the housing, instead with direct drive of the
paddle gears by means of a motor that is integrated in the paddle
bar or paddle holder.
[0079] FIG. 8 shows an embodied example of a ventilation device
according to the invention, with arrangement of rotating plate,
paddle gears and central axis according to FIG. 3, with direct
powering of the paddle gears by means of a motor that is integrated
in the paddle bar or the paddle holder, and generation of the
superimposed rotational movement via the rolling motion by the
paddle gears in the internally threaded ring gear.
[0080] FIG. 9 shows an embodied example analogous to FIG. 8, and
additionally with a gearing between the paddle motor and paddle
gear, as well as an additional gearing between the paddle motor and
paddle bar.
[0081] FIG. 10 shows (a) an embodied example of an ventilation
device having two paddles with integrated solar cells therein, and
(b) an embodied example of a paddle with integrated solar cells and
with a stabilized solar supply in the paddle bar that allows for an
intermediate storage of energy from the sun and for using said
energy when needed.
[0082] FIG. 11 shows, in a schematic representation, a possible
embodied example of a drive unit according to the invention, (a) in
a front view and (b) in a side view.
[0083] FIG. 12 shows, in a schematic representation, a further
possible embodied example of a drive unit according to the
invention, (a) in a side view, (b) in a perspective view from
above, and (c) in a perspective view from below.
[0084] FIG. 13 shows a variant of a device analogous to FIG. 12,
(a) in a side view, and (b) in a perspective view from above.
[0085] FIG. 14 shows, a schematic representation, still further
possible embodied examples of a drive unit according to the
invention, (a) in a side view, (b) in a perspective view from below
with switching possibility to the bottom side of the device.
[0086] FIG. 15 shows, in another schematic representation, a
further possible embodied example of a drive unit according to the
invention with switching possibility, (a) in a side view and (b) in
a perspective view from above.
[0087] FIG. 16 shows, in another schematic representation, a
further embodied example of a drive unit according to the invention
with two drive elements, in a side view.
[0088] FIG. 17 shows, in a schematic representation, an embodied
example of a drive unit according to the invention with two direct
drive elements, in a side view.
[0089] FIG. 18 shows another embodied example of a drive unit
according to the invention with a switching device that is
integrated in the drive train, in a side view.
[0090] FIG. 19 shows, in a schematic representation, (a) a side
view of another embodied example according to the invention with a
drive and an addition gear for superimposing an additional
rotational movement, and (b) the addition gear.
EMBODYING THE INVENTION
[0091] The examples that are outlined below are intended to better
illustrate the present invention; in no way are these comments
suitably intended to limit the characteristics in any way that are
presently disclosed.
[0092] The superimposed rotational movements of paddle and rotating
plate of a device according to the invention are depicted
schematically in the representation according to FIG. 1. Shown is a
ventilation device with only one paddle 61, the alignment of which
is symbolized by the black arrow. A rotating plate of the device
that is supported in a rotating fashion (not shown) is rotated
around an axis of rotation 10. The paddle is rotatably supported on
the rotating plate on a further axis 9, wherein this second axis of
rotation is not congruent with the first axis of rotation. A
rotational movement of the paddle 61 is coupled with the rotational
movement of the rotating plate at a gear ratio of 2:1. This means,
the paddle 61 performs one complete revolution around the own axis
9 thereof while the rotating plate 5 performs two full revolutions
around the own axis 10 thereof. This is illustrated by respective
90.degree. rotations of the rotating plate.
[0093] As a consequence of the coupled movement of the rotating
plate and paddle, respectively, the paddle is aligned parallel in
relation to the y-axis, .alpha.=0.degree., in the position with
maximum operational output, when the angle of rotation .beta. of
axis 9 around the axis 10 of the rotating plate is 0.degree. (steps
1 and 5), and parallel in relation to the x-axis
(.alpha.=90.degree.), when an angle of rotation .beta.=180.degree.
(steps 3 and 7). In the intermediate angles, the paddle is tilted
correspondingly. As a consequence, in positions 1 and 5, the paddle
pushes the air toward the left in the direction of the x-axis;
while, in positions 3 and 7, the paddle moves toward the right
without providing any remarkable air resistance. The result is an
effective air flow 100 that extends in a certain direction,
presently in the direction of the x-axis. The direction of the
effective air flow 100 is provided by the direction of action 101
of the device, which is defined as the normal of the active surface
of the paddle at that angular position in which the active surface
moves vertically through the fluid. In this figure, this angular
position is .alpha.=0.degree., .beta.=0.degree.
[0094] FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the direction of
the thus generated air flow 100. For a device according to the
invention with a paddle 61, the position and alignment of the
paddle is schematically depicted as .alpha.=0.degree., 90.degree.,
180.degree. and 270.degree., as well as the direction of rotation
of the rotating plate 5 and of the paddle 61 that rotates in the
opposite direction. The wind direction 100 and the strength thereof
is directional and perpendicular relative to the surface area of
the paddle in that position of rotation in which the paddle is
perpendicular in relation to the direction of movement of the
paddle, the direction of action 101, and the paddle moves with the
full impingement surfaces thereof, respectively, in the air. In
FIG. 2, this is position (I).
[0095] By changing the alignment of the paddle with regard to the
axis of rotation, the direction of flow of the device according to
the invention can be easily changed.
[0096] FIG. 3 is a side view of a possible embodied example of a
drive unit 66 according to the invention for a ventilation device
according to the invention with two active elements that take the
shape of two paddles (not shown), wherein the movement of the
paddles is achieved by means of a planetary gearing. On a support
structure 1 that is configured as a base plate, a central axle 11
is supported, able to freely rotate and defining the central axis
of rotation 10. Connected to the central axle 11 is, in turn, a
support structure for the paddles in form of a rotary structure 5
that is configured as a rotating plate 5. Fastening means 7, 7' for
the paddles are rotatably supported on opposite sides of the
rotating plate. These paddle holders 7, 7' are able to receive the
bars 62, 62' of the paddles in a torque-resistant manner locking
them in place therein, wherein the connection between paddle holder
and paddle can be proprietary. A drive motor 3 rotates, by means of
a drive axle 3a, a drive pinion 19. A drive gear 6 is fixedly
connected to the central axle 11, and said gear reduces the
rotation of the drive pinion to the desired speed of the central
axle 11. Two intermediate gears 24, 24' are disposed, rotatably
supported, on the rotating plate. A center gear 25 is disposed
coaxially in relation to the central axle 11, essentially
immovably, in relation to the base plate 1, and rotatably connected
to the intermediate gears. By the rotation of the rotating plate,
the fixed center gear 25 causes the intermediate gears 24, 24', and
thereby the gears 8, 8', coupled thereto, of the fastening devices
7, 7' to rotate for the paddles. The result is a rotational
movement of the paddles and/or active elements around the central
axis of rotation 10, as well as, simultaneously, a counter-directed
rotational movement around the axes of rotation 9, 9' of the
paddles. The gear ratios of the gears 25, 24, 24', 8, 8' are
selected in such a manner that a ratio of 2:1 results, whereby,
during one revolution of the rotating plate 5, the paddles rotate
one half of a revolution around the own axes 9, 9' thereof.
[0097] Therefore, the supported active elements rotate along with
the rotating plate 5 in a circle around the axis 10. Owing to the
gear coupling of the drive gears 8, 8' of the active elements by
means of the intermediate gears 24, 24' with the stationary center
gear 25, the drive gears 8, 8' are caused to rotate on their own in
a rotational direction running counter to the direction of the
rotation of the rotating plate. If the drive gears 8, 8' have
double the number of teeth than the center gear 25, there results,
correspondingly, a gear ratio of 2:1 or 1:2 or -1:2,
respectively.
[0098] In the shown example, the axes of rotation 9, 9' are
externally tilted in relation to the central axis of rotation 10.
This does not have any major impact on the action of the
ventilation device according to the invention, because the
effective active surface of the active element/paddle remains
unchanged in the radial direction (see positions 1, 5 in FIG. 1),
as long as all axes or rotation intersect.
[0099] It is even possible for the axes of rotation 9, 9' to be
perpendicular in relation to the axis of rotation 10 of the
rotating plate. The efficiency of the device is greatest, however,
when all axes or rotation 9, 9', 10 are arranged in parallel,
because, in this case, the air flow in the intermediate positions
(see position 2, 4, 6, 8 in FIG. 1) is perpendicular in relation to
the axis 10, while, when the axes of rotation 9, 9' are tilted,
this air flow has a vector component directed upward and downward,
cancelling each other out.
[0100] Advantageously, the drive unit 66 is disposed inside a cover
housing, which has presently been omitted to improve the clarity of
the drawing.
[0101] Instead of using a planet gear means, it is also possible to
use a V-belt for implementing the drive unit; said V-belt extends
around the stationary center gear and the paddle gear, whereby it
is possible to forego the paddle gear.
[0102] In a basic embodied example of the invention, the direction
of action of the device, meaning the direction of the generated air
flow, is fixed in relation to the housing. To change the direction
of action, it is possible to rotate the entire apparatus. An
adjustment of the direction of action can also be achieved,
however, by rotating the center gear 25 with regard to the support
structure. If the center gear 25 is rotated in relation to the
support structure 1, this has the same effect as if the entire
device were rotated.
[0103] The user can configure the generated wind direction that
results from the direction of action in the off-state and/or during
operation, above 360.degree..
[0104] In the variant of a ventilation device according to the
invention as shown in FIG. 3, a housing (not shown) is rotatably
supported on the support structure 1. The center gear 25 is
rotatably supported on the central axle 11; however, it is
simultaneously coupled to the housing by means of a connecting
element (directional element) 21. With regard to the support
structure, the housing has an adhesive friction of sufficient
strength that, during normal operation and without external
interference, the center gear is rotatably locked in relation to
the support structure, and thereby essentially fixedly locked in
place.
[0105] The adjustment of the center gear can be achieved manually.
In the shown drive unit, the rotatably supported housing is rotated
by hand. This way, the center gear 25 is also rotated by the
desired angle. The rotating plate does not rotate along therein,
but the active elements do. By coupling the center gear 25 by means
of the intermediate gears 24, 24' with the drive gears 8, 8', the
same are also rotationally adjusted, corresponding to the
adjustment of the center gear 25. Due to the fact that the drive
gears 8, 8' are mechanically connected to the holding means 7, 7'
of the active element, and said holding means are connected to the
paddle bars 62, 62', the paddles are, consequently, rotated
accordingly corresponding to an adjustment in the direction of
action. Subsequently, the center gear is locked again, and the
operation of the drive can be restarted.
[0106] It is also possible to rotate the fixed center gear via
machine means by means of an additional adjustment drive. This way,
it is possible to change the direction of action also during
ongoing operation, such that, for example, an automatic pivoting
function can be implemented for the air flow.
[0107] One possible embodied example of a ventilation device 60
according to the invention is depicted in FIG. 4. This apparatus
provides for two paddles 61, 61' to be inserted in corresponding
holding means 7, 7' in the rotating plate 5.
[0108] The shown example includes further unused holding means that
allow for a symmetrical configuration of the device, involving
optionally one to four paddles.
[0109] The user can configure the device in the off-state. For
example, it is possible to replace paddles.
[0110] A device according to the invention can be embodied using
different variants. The devices can be equipped with one or a
plurality of paddles, and the devices can be functionally coupled
with new construction designs, or they can only be serially
disposed, one after the other (meaning with or without function
coupling).
[0111] For example, FIG. 5(a) depicts a ventilation device
according to the invention which provides that two paddles 61, 61'
are disposed between two housings 58, 58'. A first paddle 61
(hatched) is located in the maximum active position thereof, while
a second paddle 61' is disposed perpendicularly in relation to the
perspective by the observer (minimum active position). Both
housings include a rotating plate, and the paddles are rotatably
supported therein. The drive unit is disposed in one or both
housings.
[0112] A construction of this kind allows for the possibility of a
very space-saving and compact construction design. For example, it
is possible to embody very small ventilation devices that can be
set up at work stations in crowded spatial environments. A use as a
standing fan is also advantageous.
[0113] FIG. 5(b) shows an embodied example of a device according to
the invention where one rotating plate with two paddles,
respectively, is disposed on each of both sides of the housing 58;
the paddles rotate to the left and to the right.
[0114] Similar variants are depicted in FIGS. 5(c),(d), where two
such devices are disposed as linearly stacked. The top and bottom
paddles of the device 60 can rotate in the same direction, as shown
in FIG. 5(c), or in opposite directions of rotation but with the
same direction of action, as shown in FIG. 5(d). The two paddle
sets can also be operated completely independently of each other;
for example having different directions of action or output
levels.
[0115] FIG. 5(e) depicts two devices with respectively one paddle
disposed in series. This way, it is possible to implement
construction designs with synchronously rotating paddles, or an
apparatus with a plurality of active directions.
[0116] Four further embodied variants 60 of a device according to
the invention are demonstrated in FIG. 6. FIG. 6(a) depicts an
embodied example with light sources 90, 90' (for example LEDs) that
are integrated in the housing 58 or the rotating plate 5, and which
illuminate the paddle. As seen in FIG. 6(b), a paddle 61 is made of
a transparent or translucent material, wherein the light sources 90
are integrated in the paddle 61 and mounted to paddle bar 62. FIG.
6(c), in turn, shows a paddle 61 where the light sources 90 are
mounted on the surface of the paddle 61. A paddle of this kind thus
also serves as a light source.
[0117] In a device according to FIGS. 6(b) and 6(c), the light
sources 90 draw electrical power by means of the paddle bar 62.
Said bar can be configured in such a manner that it is made of an
electrically conductive material and serves, simultaneously, as an
electrical connection. The opposite pole can be an internal or
external conductor that is shielded relative to the paddle bar
material. The supply is drawn from the housing 58 by means of an
electrical contact in the paddle holder 7.
[0118] A further possibility for providing an electrical supply to
the light sources are solar cells that are integrated inside the
paddle, optionally provided with a stabilization circuit, and which
can serve, simultaneously, as a control means or communication
interface, and they are optionally provided with a storage battery.
A further technical solution for providing an electrical supply is
a removable battery or a storage battery, which is rechargeable via
an electrical connection. A further technical solution for
providing the electrical supply is an integrated storage battery,
wherein the entire paddle can be connected to a charging station
for the related charging process thereof.
[0119] FIG. 6(d) shows yet another advantageous embodied example,
wherein light is transported from a light source 90, which is
integrated in the housing 58, via an optical waveguide 91, 91' to
the light-transmitting paddle bars 93, 93', through said paddles
and emitted from paddle 61, 61'.
[0120] The described embodied examples in FIG. 6 can contain
different technical solutions for dimming, color mixing, switching
on/off, for generating color effects or for running lights.
[0121] FIG. 7 depicts a further advantageous embodied example of a
ventilation device according to the invention that provides for
integrating a direct drive motor 63, 63' in the bottom end of the
paddle bar 62, 62'. The apparatus, function and movement of
rotating plate 5, paddle gears 8, 8', intermediate gears 24, 24'
and fixed center gear 25 are configured analogously to the
description with regard to FIG. 3. The paddle bar 62, 62' is
connected in a torque-resistant manner to the paddle holder 7, 7'
and the paddle gear 8, 8', as well as connected directly, or via a
paddle gear gearing, to the rotor of the direct drive motor 63,
63'. The locking part 7a, 7a' is connected in a torque-resistant
manner to the rotating plate 5 and the stator of the direct drive
motor 63, 63'. The direct drive motor rotates the paddle around the
own axis thereof. Simultaneously, the direct drive motor powers the
paddle gear 8, 8', either directly or by means of a supplemental
gearing via the drive axle thereof.
[0122] The rotation of the paddle gear results, by means of the
coupling with the intermediate gear 24, 24' and the fixed center
gear 25, in the desired rotational movement of the rotating plate
5, opposite to the rotation of the paddle 61 according to the
description with regard to FIG. 3.
[0123] FIG. 8 depicts yet another embodied example of a ventilation
device according to the invention having a fixed, internally
toothed ring gear 25a that is connected to the housing (not shown)
of the support structure, and in place of the intermediate gears
and fixed center gear. The paddle bar 62, 62' therein is connected
in a torque-resistant manner to the paddle holder 7, 7' and the
paddle gear 8, 8' as well as, either directly or via gearing, to
the rotor of the direct drive motor 63, 63'. The locking part 7a,
7a' is connected in a torque-resistant manner to the rotating plate
5 and the stator of the direct drive motor. The direct drive motor
63, 63' powers the paddle gear 8, 8' by means of the drive axle
thereof, either directly or via a paddle gear gearing;
simultaneously, it rotates the paddle around the own axis thereof.
The roll-off action of the paddle gears 8, 8' on the internally
toothed ring gear 25a causes the rotation of the rotating plate 5
in the opposite direction of rotation in relation to the rotation
of the paddle gears 8, 8'. The teeth of the ring gear 25a in
relation to the paddle gear 8, 8', as well as the shape of the
teeth are selected such that a gear ratio of, for example, 2:1
results, such that the paddle 61 is able to rotate twice around the
own axis thereof during one revolution of the rotating plate 5,
which, in turn, corresponds to the movement as described with
regard to a device according to FIG. 3.
[0124] FIG. 9 depicts a similar embodied example as FIG. 8;
however, included are additional gearings for the individual
implementation of the speed of the direct drive motors 63, 63'
relative to the paddle gear 8, 8' and the paddle bar 62, 62'. The
paddle bar 62, 62' therein is not directly connected to the paddle
holder 7, 7' and paddle gear 8, 8'. The paddle gear gearing 7b, 7b'
generates the implementation of the speed of the direct drive motor
63, 63' to the desired speed of the paddle gear 8, 8'. The paddle
gear 65, 65' generates the implementation of the speed of the
direct drive motor 63, 63' to the desired speeds of the paddle. The
relationship of the gear ratios of the two gears must be selected
such that the desired speeds and directions of rotation of the
paddles and the rotating plate 5 result. The advantage of this
configuration in contrast to a configuration according to FIG. 8 is
the fact that it is possible herein to select an identical toothing
for the paddle gears 8, 8' and the internally toothed ring gear
25a.
[0125] Supplying the direct drive motor 63, 63' with power can be
achieved by means of a removable battery or by means of a storage
battery that is rechargeable via an electrical contact. In the
alternative or in addition, it is possible for solar cells 70,
which are integrated in the paddle, to convert light into
electrical energy, supplying the direct drive motor directly with
power; or the generated electrical energy can be temporarily stored
in the aforementioned storage battery. FIG. 10(b) demonstrates such
an embodied example of a paddle 61, wherein the direct drive 63 is
directly integrated in the paddle bar, and an electric circuit 75
provides for optimal charging of the storage battery 76 and for
triggering the direct drive motors and serving, if necessary, for
internal and external communication. FIG. 10(a) shows how two such
paddles 61, 61' are combined into a device according to the
invention. Alternately, the elements, active element gearing,
additional gearing, direct drive motor, storage battery and
electric circuit can optionally be disposed inside the paddle
holder 7, 7' or paddle bar 62, 62'.
[0126] A further embodied example of a device according to the
invention is represented in the combination of configurations
according to FIG. 10(b) and FIG. 3. The supply of solar or battery
energy inside the paddle is used therein for the purpose of
substituting or supplementing the supply for the drive by means of
an external energy source or a battery or storage battery
integrated inside the housing. The energy is connected therein
directly, by means of electrical contacts (for example, sliding
contacts or spherical contacts) on the paddle holder or paddle
gear, to the supply of the drive motor. Alternately, it is possible
for the energy to be stored in a storage battery that is integrated
in the housing.
[0127] Below, various embodied examples of drive units according to
the invention will be discussed, and said drive units can be
especially advantageously used for the ventilation devices
according to the invention. However, they are also suitable for
general use with regard to the purpose of generating superimposed
rotational movements.
[0128] The drive units according to the invention have the
advantage, in contrast to the previously discussed drive units that
they have a fixed center gear and intermediate gears, that the step
of changing the gear ratio during operation can be resolved easier,
and that the center gear must not be fixedly connected to the basic
apparatus, whereby, in terms of the technical configuration of the
ventilation device, a possibility of more flexibility is
created.
[0129] FIG. 11 demonstrates an advantageous embodied example of a
drive unit according to the invention using the example of a
ventilation device with two paddles (active elements) 61, 61',
which provides for the transfer of the rotational movement from
drive 3 to the active elements to occur separately from the
powering of the rotating plate 5, which has the active elements
disposed thereupon.
[0130] Drive 3, which is, advantageously, an electric motor, is
fixedly connected to the support structure 1. A dual drive pinion
15 is mounted on the drive axle 3a. The rotating plate drive axle
11 is fixedly connected to the rotating plate 5 and is located,
rotatably disposed by means of a support 12, inside the supported
structure 1. The drive 3 provides power by means of the own axle 3a
thereof and the dual drive pinion 15. The dual drive pinion
transmits the torque via the bottom row of teeth 15a to the
rotating plate drive gear 6, which is mounted on the rotating plate
drive axle 11, such that the rotating plate 5 rotates at the speed
resulting from gear ratio of the gears 6, 15a.
[0131] A dual center gear 13 is disposed above the drive gear 6,
which is supported, freely able to rotate, on the rotating plate
drive axle 11. The top gear 15b of the drive pinion 15 powers the
bottom gear 13a of the dual center gear 13, which, in turn, powers,
by means of the top gear 13b, the two active element drive gears 8,
8' that are connected in a torque-resistant manner to the active
elements 61, 61'. The active elements 61, 61' that are rotatably
supported on the rotating plate 5, for example paddles (not shown),
rotate in correspondence to the preset speed, as set by the gear
ratio for the gears 15b, 13a, 13b, 8, 8' around the own axis of
rotation 9, 9' thereof. They rotate, simultaneously, due to the
rotation of the rotating plate, around the central axis of rotation
10.
[0132] In order to generate a superimposed rotational movement
involving a revolution of the rotating plate and a simultaneous
revolution of the active elements, the ratio of the gears and the
number of the teeth in the construction must be defined
accordingly. The dual drive pinion 15, the rotating plate drive
gear 6, dual center gear 13, as well as the drive gears 8, 8' of
the active elements must be configured such that the drive gears 8,
8' perform, for example, one half of a revolution in the amount of
time during which the rotating plate gear 6 performs a full
revolution. From the perspective of the observer, these are two
rotations in the same direction of rotation. Viewed only from the
perspective of the axes of rotation 9, 9' of the active elements
and the axis of rotation 10 of the rotating plate, based on the own
rotations of active elements that are disposed on the rotating
plate, the drive gears 8, 8' would have to execute one half of a
rotation in the opposite direction relative to the revolution of
the rotating plate 5.
[0133] With a gear ratio between the dual center gear 13 and the
drive gears 8, 8' of, for example, 3:1, the dual center gear 13
must execute one sixth of a revolution during one revolution of the
rotating plate 5 in order for the drive gears 8, 8' to perform one
half of a revolution. Consequently, the dual center gear 13 must
rotate faster by one sixth than the rotating plate drive gear 6 in
order to achieve a uniform direction of action. At a gear ratio
between dual center gear 13 and drive gears 8, 8' of, for example,
2:1, the dual center gear 13 must rotate faster than the rotating
plate drive gear 6 by one fourth in order to achieve a uniform
direction of action.
[0134] The use of a freely rotatable center gear allows for a more
compact construction design because, for example in comparison to
FIG. 3, it is possible to forego additional intermediate gears that
are mounted on the rotating plate.
[0135] FIG. 12 depicts a further advantageous embodied example of a
drive unit according to the invention having a direct drive 2 that
is integrated in the rotating plate 5. This direct drive, for
example a brushless DC motor, powers the revolution of the rotating
plate 5 in that the stator of the motor is fixedly connected to the
support structure 1, while the rotor is directly connected to the
rotating plate 5. The transfer of the rotational movement from the
direct drive 2 to the holding means 7, 7' for the active elements
(not shown) is achieved by means of a fixedly mounted gearing with
a rotatably supported dual ratio gear 18. The rotating plate drive
gear 6, which is powered by the direct drive 2, powers, by means of
a freely rotatably supported gear ratio gear 18 with two ring gears
18a, 18b, an additional center gear drive gear 17. A center gear
axle 4 that is connected to the center gear drive gear 17 is
supported, able to rotate freely, on the inside of a hollow axle
16, which is, in turn, fixedly connected to the rotating plate 5
and, simultaneously, rotatably supported in the support structure
1. The center gear axle 4 transfers the rotation to the simple
center gear 14, which is mounted thereupon, and that is disposed on
the external side of the rotating plate 5. This center gear 14
finally moves the drive gears 8, 8' of the active elements and/or
the holding means 7, 7' thereof.
[0136] A variant of a device that is analogous in relation to FIG.
12 is depicted in FIG. 13. A brushless DC motor 110 powers the
rotary structure, wherein the coils of the stator of the motor are
placed directly on the printed electronics board 111. The rotor of
the motor is made of an annular magnet and connected to a motor
pinion 112 that transfers the rotation to an additional gear ratio
gear 113, which, in turn, is rotatably connected to the dual gear
ratio gear 18. The result is a gear ratio of 1:6 or 1:9 from the
motor axle to the rotating plate.
[0137] FIG. 14 depicts an embodied example of a drive unit
according to the invention that allows for switching the gear
ratio.
[0138] The drive (not shown) powers the rotating plate drive gear 6
by means of a drive pinion 19 and a reduction gearing 20 and
thereby the rotating plate 5, upon which are supported the active
element holding means 7, 7'. A center gear drive gear 17 is
connected, by means of a shaft 4 that is rotatably supported within
the rotating plate drive axle, to a simple center gear 14, which is
disposed on the outside of the rotating plate 5. The simple center
gear 14 moves the active elements by means of the drive gears 8,
8'.
[0139] Also connected to the rotating plate drive axle 11, which is
fixedly connected to the rotating plate 5, is a second rotating
plate drive gear 6', such that the rotating plate rotation is also
available at the bottom part of the housing.
[0140] The transfer of the rotation from the second rotating plate
drive gear 6' to the center gear drive gear 17 is achieved by means
of a dual gear ratio gear 18, 18'. Two different dual gear ratio
gears 18, 18' are disposed on a displaceably disposed switching
lever. By actuating the switching lever 21, it is possible to
couple either the first 18 or the second 18' dual gear ratio gear
with the two gears 6, 17, such that two different gear ratios can
be implemented between the rotating plate drive gear 6 the simple
center gear 14.
[0141] FIG. 15 depicts a further advantageous variant of a drive
unit according to the invention, which provides for achieving the
switching action of the gear ratio only by switching the direction
of rotation of the drive motor 3. A switching unit 22 is rotatably
disposed on a shaft 3a of the drive 3. The middle gear 22a of the
switching unit 22 is fixedly connected to the shaft 3a of the drive
3. If the drive shaft 3a rotates in a clockwise direction, this
causes a pivoting of the switching unit 22 also in a clockwise
direction, such that the left gear pair 22b is coupled to the
rotating plate drive gear 6 as well as the bottom ring gear 13a of
a freely rotatably supported dual center gear 13. The result is a
certain gear ratio between the dual center gear 13 and the rotating
plate drive gear 6, and/or the rotating plate 5 and active element
drive gears 8, 8' that are operationally connected to the top ring
gear 13b.
[0142] If the drive shaft rotates counterclockwise, this will cause
a pivoting of the switching unit 22 also in the counterclockwise
direction, such that the right gear pair 22c is coupled to the
gears 6 and 13a, and a certain gear ratio is created between the
dual center gear 13 and the rotating plate drive gear 6. The gear
22d that is disposed there-between in this constellation serves as
a correction means of the direction of rotation, such that the dual
center gear 13 and the rotating plate drive gear 6 always rotate in
the same direction for both directions of rotation of the drive
shaft 3a, and that it is only the gear ratio that changes.
[0143] FIG. 16 depicts an advantageous embodied example of a drive
unit according to the invention with two output units 3, 3' for the
individual powering of rotating plate 5 and center gear 13. The
embodied example differs in comparison to the embodied example
according to FIG. 11 in that two drives 3, 3' are used with one
simple drive pinion 19, 19', respectively. The first drive 3
powers, by means of the simple pinion 19, the rotating plate drive
gear 6, which is connected to the rotating plate 5 by means of an
axle 11, which is supported in the support structure 1. A dual
center gear 13 is rotatably supported on the rotating plate drive
axle 11. The second drive 3' powers, by means of the simple pinion
19', the bottom gear 13a of the center gear 13, which powers the
drive gears 8, 8' of the active elements via the top gear 13b. The
rotating plate drive gear 6 and the dual center gear 13 can thus be
triggered individually. The adjustment and control of the speed
ratio of the two gears 8, 8' and the rotating plate is achieved by
means of electronics and/or software, such as, for example, by
means of the position detection of the drives 3, 3' or of that of
other rotatably supported elements.
[0144] FIG. 17 shows an embodied example of a device according to
the invention with two direct drive units 2, 2' for individually
powering the rotating plate 5 and simple center gear 14. With this
embodied example, it is possible to omit the gear ratio gears
completely. A first direct drive 2, for example a brushless DC
motor, is disposed between the support structure 1 and the rotating
plate 5, such that the stator is connected to the support structure
and the rotor to the rotating plate. With a second direct drive 2',
the stator is connected to the support structure 1 and the rotor,
by means of a center gear axle 4, to the center gear 14 that is
disposed above the rotating plate 5, which rotates the drive gears
8, 8' of the active elements. The rotating plate 5 and the simple
center gear 14 can be individually triggered by the direct drives
2, 2'. The adjustment and control of the speed ratio of the
rotating plate 5 in relation to the simple center gear 14 is
achieved by means of electronics and/or software, for example
position detection of the drives 2, 2' or of other rotating
parts.
[0145] FIG. 18 demonstrates an embodied example of a drive unit
according to the invention that allows for changing the gear ratio.
The drive 3 powers, by means of the drive pinion 19, the simple
center gear 14, which, in turn, powers the two active element drive
gears 8, 8'. The drive 3 powers, simultaneously, the vertical dual
gear ratio gear 26. The same is disposed in a manner that is
torque-resistant, but vertically displaceable, on the axle of the
drive pinion, and it has a top gear 26a and a bottom gear 26b. By
actuating a switching device (not shown), it is possible to couple
either the top gear 26a or the bottom gear 26b of the vertical dual
gear ratio gear 26 correspondingly with the top row of teeth 6a or
the bottom row of teeth 6b of the rotating plate drive gear 6, such
that two different gear ratios can be implemented between the
rotating plate drive gear 6 and the simple center gear 14.
[0146] FIG. 19 depicts an embodied example of a further
advantageous drive unit according to the invention with an addition
gear 29 for superimposing an additional rotational movement. By
means of the drive axle 3a thereof and a simple drive pinion 19
coupled thereto, the drive 3 powers the simple center gear 14,
which, in turn, powers both active element drive gears 8, 8'. The
drive 3 also powers, by means of the addition gear 29, a second,
simple drive pinion 19', which is supported, with the ability to
rotate freely, on the axle 3a. The second, simple drive pinion 19'
transfers the torque to the rotating plate drive gear 6, which is
mounted on the rotating plate drive axle, such that the rotating
plate 5 rotates at the speed that results based on the gear ratio
of the addition gear 29, as well as the gears 19' and 6.
[0147] The addition gear 29 (see FIG. 19(b)) is configured such
that a sun gear 30 of the addition gear is fixedly connected to the
rotating part of the drive 3 and connected to the first simple
drive pinion 19, which determines, simultaneously, the rotational
movement of the simple center gear 14, and thereby of the active
element drive gears 8, 8'. A planet carrier means (omitted for a
better understanding on the drawing) is fixedly connected to the
second simple drive pinion 19' that is rotatably supported on the
drive axle 3a. A ring gear 33 is rotatably supported on the
exterior side of the addition gear 29, which is connected by means
of a belt 28 to the auxiliary drive 27. Two planetary gears 32 are
disposed on the planet carrier means, which act in conjunction with
the sun gear 30 as well as with the ring gear 33. With a stationary
ring gear 33 of the addition gear, the drive 3 rotates, via the sun
gear 30 and the planetary gears 32, the planet carrier means, and
via the gear 19' the rotating plate drive gear 6.
[0148] The gear ratio of center gear revolution and rotating plate
revolution is determined, on the one hand, by means of the gear
ratio of sun gear 30, planetary gears 33, ring gear 33, second
simple drive pinion 19' and rotating plate drive gear 6 and, on the
other hand, by means of the gear ratio of the first simple drive
pinion 19 and the simple center gear 14. The addition gear 29 and
the mentioned gear ratios can be selected such that a certain
advantageous gear ratio exists.
[0149] With auxiliary drive 27, it is possible to rotate the ring
gear 33 of the addition gear 29 by means of a belt, which
decelerates or accelerates the rotational speed of the planetary
gears 32, thereby, with a given rotational speed of the sun gear
30, also the rotational speed of the planet carrier means and the
rotating plate drive. Using auxiliary drive 27 and addition gear
29, it is, therefore, possible to flexibly adjust the speed
difference between rotating plates revolution and center gear
revolution during operation.
[0150] In the embodied variants that were discussed above, the axes
of rotation 9, 9' of the active elements and the axis of rotation
10 of the rotating plate were tilted. As a matter of principle, the
axes can be arranged at various angles)(0-180.degree. between the
axis of rotation 10 of the rotating plate and the axes of rotation
9, 9' of the active elements 61, 61'. The distances between axes
can be very small or very large; it is also possible to provide one
or a plurality of active elements and/or active element holding
means.
[0151] The disclosed specific embodied examples are not intended to
limit the scope of protection of the present invention in any way.
Based on the preceding description and the drawings, a person
skilled in the art will be able to derive different possible
variations and modifications, additionally to the disclosed
examples, which shall also fall under the scope of protection as
defined by the claims.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
[0152] 1 Base plate, support structure [0153] 2 Direct drive motor
[0154] 3 Drive motor [0155] 3a Drive axle [0156] 4 Center gear axle
(rotatably supported) [0157] 5 Rotating plate, rotary structure
[0158] 6, 6' Rotating plate drive gear [0159] 7, 7' Active element
holding means, paddle holder [0160] 7a, 7a' Locking part [0161] 7b,
7b' Addition gear, paddle gear gearing [0162] 8, 8' Drive gear of
the active element, gear of the paddle holder, paddle gear [0163]
9, 9' Axes of rotation of the active element/paddle, second axis of
rotation [0164] 10 Axis of rotation of the rotating plate, first
axis of rotation [0165] 11 Rotating plate drive axle, central axle
[0166] 12 Support [0167] 13 Dual center gear [0168] 13a Bottom gear
of the dual center gear [0169] 13b Top gear of the dual center gear
[0170] 14 Simple center gear [0171] 15 Dual drive pinion [0172] 15a
Bottom gear of the drive pinion [0173] 15b Top gear of the drive
pinion [0174] 16 Hollow axle (rotatably supported) [0175] 17 Center
gear drive gear [0176] 18, 18' Dual gear ratio gear (rotatably
supported) [0177] 18a Bottom gear of the gear ratio gear [0178] 18b
Top gear of the gear ratio gear [0179] 19, 19' Simple drive pinion
[0180] 20 Drive with reduction gear [0181] 21 Switching lever,
directional element [0182] 22 Switching unit [0183] 22a Middle gear
[0184] 22b Left gear pair [0185] 22c Right gear pair [0186] 22d
Gear pair for rotational direction correction [0187] 24, 24'
Intermediate gear [0188] 25 Fixed center gear [0189] 25a Fixed ring
gear with internal toothing [0190] 26 Vertical dual gear ratio gear
(vertically displaceable) [0191] 26a Top gear [0192] 26b Bottom
gear [0193] 27 Auxiliary drive [0194] 28 Belt [0195] 29 Addition
gear [0196] 30 Sun gear of the addition gear [0197] 32 Planetary
gear of the addition gear [0198] 33 Ring gear of the planetary gear
[0199] 58, 58' Housing [0200] 60 Ventilation device [0201] 61, 61'
Paddle [0202] 62, 62' Paddle bar [0203] 63, 63' Direct drive motor
[0204] 65, 65' Active element gearing, paddle gearing [0205] 66
Drive unit [0206] 67 Active surface of the paddle [0207] 70 Solar
cells (photovoltaic cells) [0208] 75 Electric circuit [0209] 76
Storage battery 090, 90' Light source (e.g., LED) [0210] 91, 91'
Optical waveguide fiber [0211] 93, 93' Light-guiding paddle bar
[0212] 100 Air flow, wind direction [0213] 101 Direction of action
[0214] 110 Brushless DC motor [0215] 111 Printed electronics board
[0216] 112 Motor pinion [0217] 113 Additional gear ratio gear
* * * * *