U.S. patent application number 13/912095 was filed with the patent office on 2013-10-17 for system and method for simulating environmental conditions on an exercise device.
The applicant listed for this patent is ICON Health & Fitness, Inc.. Invention is credited to Stephen Barton, Scott R. Watterson.
Application Number | 20130274067 13/912095 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 49325594 |
Filed Date | 2013-10-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130274067 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Watterson; Scott R. ; et
al. |
October 17, 2013 |
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SIMULATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON AN
EXERCISE DEVICE
Abstract
An exercise system includes a simulation system simulating
real-world terrain based on environmental and other real-world
conditions. Using topographical or other data, an actual location
can be simulated. The exercise system may include a speed, incline
or other mechanisms that can be adjusted based on changes in
simulated slope, and by amounts simulating actual air resistance
due to movement, wind, or both. The simulated speed of the person,
as well as speed and direction of simulated wind, are used to
determine a simulated air speed. Based on the simulated air speed,
the simulation system determines the simulated air resistance that
would affect the person under real-world conditions, and changes
reflective of the simulated air resistance are made to operating
parameters of the exercise system. Simulation may occur by causing
the user of the exercise system to expend about the same effort as
if performing the exercise in the real-world conditions.
Inventors: |
Watterson; Scott R.; (Logan,
UT) ; Barton; Stephen; (Logan, UT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ICON Health & Fitness, Inc. |
Logan |
UT |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
49325594 |
Appl. No.: |
13/912095 |
Filed: |
June 6, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13598509 |
Aug 29, 2012 |
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|
13912095 |
|
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|
61656764 |
Jun 7, 2012 |
|
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61530298 |
Sep 1, 2011 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
482/5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 21/0051 20130101;
A63B 2024/009 20130101; A63B 21/012 20130101; A63B 21/0058
20130101; A63B 2071/0641 20130101; A63B 2071/0675 20130101; A63B
21/0088 20130101; A63B 2024/0093 20130101; A63B 2220/803 20130101;
A63B 71/0622 20130101; A63B 2024/0068 20130101; A63B 2220/36
20130101; A63B 24/0087 20130101; A63B 22/203 20130101; A63B
2071/0683 20130101; A63B 22/0012 20130101; A63B 22/0023 20130101;
A63B 2022/0676 20130101; A63B 2071/0655 20130101; A63B 22/0235
20130101; A63B 2071/0644 20130101; A63B 22/025 20151001; A63B
2024/0071 20130101; A63B 2220/833 20130101; A63B 21/225 20130101;
A63B 2225/20 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/5 |
International
Class: |
A63B 24/00 20060101
A63B024/00 |
Claims
1. An exercise apparatus, comprising: a movable exercise element;
an adjustment mechanism for modifying operation of the movable
exercise element; and at least one controller in communication with
the adjustment mechanism to vary operating parameters of the
movable element based at least in part on a simulated air
resistance, the simulated air resistance being dependent on a
velocity or direction of a simulated wind.
2. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the movable exercise
element is a belt of a treadmill.
3. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adjustment
mechanism modifies an incline of the movable exercise element, and
wherein the at least one controller controls incline changes to
simulate air resistance.
4. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adjustment
mechanism modifies a speed of the movable exercise element, and
wherein the at least one controller controls speed changes to
simulate air resistance.
5. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adjustment
mechanism modifies a determination of distance travelled based on
movement of the movable exercise element, and wherein the at least
one controller controls changes to the distance travelled to
simulate air resistance.
6. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the simulated air
resistance is based on at least one physical characteristic of a
user of the exercise apparatus.
7. The exercise apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one
physical characteristic of the user includes any one or more of: a
height of the user; a weight of the user; a frontal area of the
user;.
8. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air resistance is
determined based on a variable drag coefficient.
9. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adjustment
mechanism includes an incline mechanism and the at least one
controller is in communication with the incline mechanism to vary
operating parameters of the movable element based at least in part
on slope of simulated terrain.
10. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the simulated air
resistance is at least in part dependent on a simulated current
altitude relative to an altitude of surrounding terrain.
11. The exercise apparatus of claim 10, wherein the simulated air
resistance is variable through at least a backing off of a scaling
factor as simulated current altitude approaches a peak altitude of
surrounding terrain.
12. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the simulated air
resistance is at least in part dependent on a wind direction.
13. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein simulated air
resistance is determined using a wind velocity obtained from a
real-time source.
14. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein simulated air
resistance is determined using a wind velocity obtained from a
historical information.
15. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein simulated air
resistance is determined using an air density value that is
variable based on at least a simulated current altitude.
16. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, the exercise apparatus
further comprising: a simulation system, the simulation system
including: the at least one controller; a display for displaying
images corresponding to real-world terrain being simulated; and a
wind simulation system for determining a direction and a velocity
of wind being simulated and causing the at least one controller to
communicate changes to the adjustment mechanism based on each of
wind velocity and direction.
17. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one
controller communicates to the adjustment mechanism changes to the
operating parameters based at least in part on a relation of a
power value associated with air resistance relative to a power
associated with a change in one or more of incline, speed or
distance.
18. A treadmill, comprising: a tread deck; an endless belt
supported by the tread deck; at least one drive mechanism connected
to the tread deck or endless belt; and one or more controllers in
communication with the at least one drive mechanism to change an
incline of the tread deck, the one or more controllers further
being in communication with the tread deck to change incline, speed
or distance parameters associated with use of the endless belt in
response to simulated air resistance of real-world
characteristics.
19. The treadmill of claim 18, further comprising: a communication
interface configured to access a remote source to obtain at least
some information used to simulate air resistance based on
real-world characteristics.
20. A treadmill, comprising: an endless belt connected to a tread
deck; a drive mechanism connected to the endless belt to drive
rotation of the endless belt relative to the tread deck; an incline
mechanism connected to the tread deck to selectively vary an
incline of the endless belt; and means for adjusting the drive or
incline mechanisms by simulating at least air resistance based on
one or more particular physical characteristics of a user of the
treadmill, a simulated velocity, and a simulated surface wind.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 13/598,509 filed on Aug. 29, 2012 and entitled "SYSTEM AND
METHOD FOR SIMULATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON AN EXERCISE
BICYCLE," which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent
Application Ser. No. 61/530,298 filed on Sep. 1, 2011 and entitled
"SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SIMULATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON AN
EXERCISE BICYCLE" and further claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 61/656,764 filed on Jun. 7, 2012 and
entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SIMULATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
ON AN EXERCISE DEVICE."
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to systems and
methods for exercising. More particularly, the present disclosure
relates to exercise device systems and methods for selective
adjustment of the exercise equipment to simulate effects of wind on
a runner and/or effects of real-world terrain on the runner.
BACKGROUND
[0003] While exercise equipment continues to be popular for casual
and serious exercise enthusiasts who wish to exercise at home, in a
gym, or in another indoor location, it remains a challenge to
motivate a user to use the exercise device on a consistent and
ongoing basis. This lack of motivation often is a result of the
inability such devices have to realistically simulate real-world
conditions. Users of exercise equipment often fail to enjoy a
workout, or believe such a workout is insufficiently effective,
because the equipment lacks the sort of realism of running, biking,
or otherwise exercising on a real road or on other real-world
terrain.
[0004] With respect to a typical treadmill or elliptical machine,
for example, a user stands and the device and begins walking or
running The user may vary the virtual velocity of the runner by
increasing or decreasing the amount of effort the user expends,
such as by increasing or decreasing the speed or length of the
gait, or by increasing or decreasing the incline mechanism provided
by the treadmill or elliptical machine. Merely running on a
treadmill or elliptical machine and adjusting the user's own pace
or adjusting the incline is, however, often insufficient to
maintain a user's motivation to consistently use the indoor
exercise equipment.
[0005] Devices that have been proposed to use wind-resistance with
a treadmill or other exercise device include treadmills found in
U.S. Pat. No. 5,897,460, which describes a motorless treadmill. As
the treadmill lacks a motor, the example treadmills include
retardant components to resist movement of the endless track of the
treadmill. One such component includes set of fan blades that
rotate with a shaft about which the belt rotates. When the track
and shaft move, the fan blades move to cause a flow of air which
creates wind resistance tending to slow movement of the track.
[0006] In addition, other exercise devices include those in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,665,032, U.S. Pat. No. 6,454,679, and U.S. Patent
Publication No. 2010/0113222.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, an exercise device
includes a movable exercise element and a simulation mechanism
configured to modify operation of the movable exercise element to
simulate real-world conditions.
[0008] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, the
controller is configured to simulate real-world resistance
conditions.
[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, real-world
conditions are simulated by simulating elevation changes.
[0010] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, real-world
conditions are simulated by simulating environmental factors.
[0011] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein,
environmental factors that are simulated include wind.
[0012] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, wind is
simulated by simulating the effects of wind on a user's
performance.
[0013] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a user's
performance is affected by modifying an incline of the exercise
device.
[0014] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a user's
performance is affected by modifying a distance travelled by the
user.
[0015] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, personal
characteristics of a user using an exercise apparatus are used to
simulate real-world conditions.
[0016] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, height
and/or weight information of a user are used to simulate real-world
conditions.
[0017] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, one or more
personal characteristics of the user are received as input at the
exercise device.
[0018] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, one or more
personal characteristics of the user are received from a remote
source.
[0019] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, one or more
personal characteristics of the user are received over the
Internet.
[0020] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a simulation
system determines drag on a user based on a velocity of the user of
the exercise device and a wind velocity.
[0021] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, wind
direction is used to determine drag on a user.
[0022] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, effects of
wind are simulated where the wind has a direction not fully
parallel to the direction of travel of the user.
[0023] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, changes
effected by a simulation system mechanism are made automatically
based on changes to at least one of air resistance or gravitational
forces.
[0024] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a simulation
of real-world air resistance includes determining or using any
combination of a drag coefficient, air density, velocity, wind
velocity, frontal area, or scaling factor.
[0025] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a simulation
of real-world gravitational forces includes determining or using
any combination of one or more of velocity, slope, gravitational
force, or mass.
[0026] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a mass value
includes a user's mass or weight.
[0027] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, any one or
more of a drag coefficient, gravitational force, frontal area,
velocity, wind velocity, or slope is variable based on a user's
personal characteristics and/or during a single workout.
[0028] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, air
resistance is determined based at least in part on a current
simulated altitude relative to an altitude of surrounding terrain
being simulated.
[0029] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a scaling
factor is applied to determine air resistance being simulated.
[0030] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a scaling
factor is applied directly to wind velocity.
[0031] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, adjusting
air resistance includes backing off the adjustment as a current
altitude approaches a peak altitude.
[0032] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, wind
velocity includes speed and direction components.
[0033] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, only a
portion of a speed component is used in determining air resistance
when the wind direction is not parallel to a simulated direction of
travel.
[0034] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, wind that is
simulated is surface wind.
[0035] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a movable
element includes an endless belt.
[0036] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a movable
element includes pedals of an elliptical machine.
[0037] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a simulation
system simulates resistance by one or more of: increasing
difficulty of moving the movable element or scaling performance
data of the movable element.
[0038] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a frontal
area is calculated based at least on a user's individual height
and/or weight.
[0039] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, an exercise
device includes a visual display.
[0040] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a visual
display provides still or video images corresponding to a simulated
real-world location.
[0041] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a visual
display provides a visual depiction of a wind force being
simulated.
[0042] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a model is
made of a relationship between power, speed and simulated
resistance.
[0043] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, a model is
made of a relationship between simulated resistance and output
scaling or incline.
[0044] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, power used
in simulating resistance includes a power differential.
[0045] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, air
resistance is determined as additional power required due to air
resistance or power lost due to air resistance.
[0046] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein,
gravitational effects are determined as additional power required
or power lost due to gravity.
[0047] According to one aspect of the present disclosure that may
be combined with any one or more other aspects herein, adjusting a
movable element or scaling an output to simulate wind, weather or
other environmental conditions includes adjusting the same movable
element to simulate difficulty due to an incline.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0048] The accompanying drawings illustrate various embodiments of
the present systems and methods and are a part of the
specification. The illustrated embodiments are merely examples of
the present systems and methods and do not limit the scope thereof.
Throughout the drawings, identical reference numbers designate
similar, but not necessarily identical, elements.
[0049] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an example treadmill
according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 1B is a side view of the example treadmill of FIG. 1A
and illustrating a deck being movable between different incline
levels;
[0051] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an example elliptical
exercise machine according to one embodiment of the present
disclosure;
[0052] FIG. 3 illustrates an example control panel of an exercise
system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
control panel providing input and output capabilities;
[0053] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary control panel of an exercise
device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure,
the control panel including a display depicting terrain and/or
environmental conditions simulated by the exercise device;
[0054] FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an exercise device
according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0055] FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of an example process
of simulating environmental conditions on an exercise device,
according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0056] FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of another example
process of simulating environmental conditions on an exercise
device in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0057] An exercise device including an environmental simulation
system is disclosed herein. Specifically, embodiments of the
present disclosure provide an exercise device the ability to
simulate any of a number of different environmental conditions,
including wind conditions. The simulation system may identify a
wind speed and/or direction. Based on such wind conditions and the
speed of the user of the exercise device, air resistance may be
determined. According to one embodiment, the determined air
resistance may be transformed into a value that is correlated with
a setting related to a movable element of the exercise device. For
instance, an incline level of a treadmill or elliptical may be
altered to increase the difficulty of using the equipment to
approximate the increased air resistance from wind. Changes in the
wind speed, speed of the exercise device user, or the direction of
the wind or route of the device user may cause changes in the air
resistance and thus cause the simulation system to change settings
on the exercise device. In some embodiments, gravitational
components related to slope may be considered for application by
the simulation system of the exercise device to simulate real-world
conditions. Any combination of gravitational and/or air resistance
elements may be combined and applied by the simulation system to
simulate real-world conditions.
[0058] In FIG. 1A, an illustrative exercise system 100 is depicted
in the form of a treadmill. In the illustrated embodiment, the
exercise system 100 includes a support base 102 and a generally
upright support structure 104 connected thereto. Upright support
structure 104, in this illustrative embodiment, includes two
vertical support members 106 which may each attach to a cross
member 108. The upright support structure 104 and the support base
102 may be referred to as a frame, and can optionally provide a
support for a tread deck 110 upon which a user may stand, walk or
run. Attached to the tread deck 110 of the illustrated embodiment
is an endless belt 112. The endless belt 112 may be configured to
rotate around all or a portion of the tread deck 110, and can be
driven by a motor, a user of the system 100, or a combination
thereof. As further illustrated in FIG. 1A, the cross member 108 of
the upright support structure 104 can optionally include or be
attached to a handlebar assembly 114 and/or a control panel
116.
[0059] In the illustrated embodiment, a drive system 118 is
connected to the tread deck 110, although the drive system 118 may
be mounted in any other suitable location. The drive system 118 can
include one or more motors, rollers, pulleys, other components, or
any combination thereof. The drive system 118 can be used to assist
or cause movement of a movable element such as the endless belt 112
and/or other components. In one embodiment, for instance, the drive
system 118 may include one or more motors or controllers to move
the endless belt 112 as well as to move the tread deck 110. A first
motor or controller may, for instance, cause the endless belt 112
to rotate around the tread deck 110 while a second motor or
controller 110 may move all or a portion of the tread deck 110
upward or downward to change an incline of the tread deck 110.
[0060] FIG. 1B illustrates an example embodiment of the exercise
system 100 of FIG. 1A in which the drive system 118 may be used to
control the incline of the tread deck 110. In particular, FIG. 1B
illustrates a first orientation of the tread deck 110 that is about
horizontal, such that the tread deck is at about a zero percent
incline. As shown in phantom lines, however, when the drive system
118 is used to change the incline, the tread deck 110 may change
orientations. For instance, the elevation of the front side 120 of
the tread deck 110 may be changed relative to a rear side 122 of
the tread deck 110. By changing an elevation of the front side 120
of the tread deck a different amount or in a different direction
than an elevation change of the rear side 122 of the tread deck
110, the incline of the tread deck 110 and the endless belt 112 may
be changed. If, for instance, the incline is increased by
increasing the height of the front side 120 of the tread deck 110,
a user of the exercise system 100 may find that the difficulty
level of exercise using the exercise system 100 has been
increased.
[0061] Changing the incline of the tread deck 110 may occur in any
number of different manners. For instance, FIG. 1B illustrates that
while the front side 120 of the tread deck 110 is elevated, the
rear side 122 of the tread deck 110 may be lowered. In other
embodiments, however, the rear side 122 may instead remain at
substantially a same elevation while the front side 120 is
elevated. In still other embodiments, both the front and rear sides
120, 122 of the tread deck 110 may be raised but by differing
amounts. According to another example embodiment, the front side
120 of the tread deck 110 may also be lowered relative to the rear
side 122 of the tread deck 110 to provide a decline.
[0062] It should be appreciated in view of the disclosure herein
that exercise systems of the present disclosure may thus include
mechanisms for varying an incline of the movable exercise element
of an exercise system. Moreover, the degree of incline may vary
widely. For instance, one example embodiment may include a
treadmill with a drive system capable of changing the incline
anywhere between about zero and about fifteen percent. In another
embodiment, a drive system may be capable of changing the incline
anywhere between about negative five percent and about forty five
percent. In other embodiments, greater or lesser inclines or
declines may be provided for an exercise system.
[0063] Turning now to FIG. 2, another example embodiment of an
exercise system 200 is illustrated in additional detail, and in the
form of an elliptical exercise device. In the illustrated
embodiment, the exercise system 200 includes a base support that
includes a set of support feet 202 and a support 204 extending
generally horizontally between the support feet 202. The base
support may be connected to an upright support 206 which can extend
from the base support to a control panel 216 or other console.
[0064] According to some embodiments, a drive system 218 is also
included and may be attached to and/or included wholly or partially
within a housing 207. The drive system 218 may connect to link arms
215 which in turn connect to foot pads 212. Link arms 215 may be
connected to the drive system 218 in a manner that allows the user
to move his or her feet in a walking or running motion. The foot
pads 212 may in turn be supported by a set of additional link arms
213. The sets of link arms 213 may, for instance, include a lower
arm 219 that supports the foot supports 212. Optionally, the foot
supports 212 may be directly connected to the lower arm 219,
although in other embodiments a roller, bushing, or other mechanism
may be used to support the foot supports 212 and optionally allow
the foot supports 212 to move along a length of the lower arms 219.
The lower arms 219 may also be pivotally or otherwise connected to
upper swing arms 221. The upper swing arms 221 may connect to a
cross support 208 attached to or supported by the upright support
206. The upper swing arms 221 and/or cross support 208 may also
connect to a handle assembly 214 that the user may hold for support
and/or to facilitate movement of the foot pads 212.
[0065] The drive system 218 may be used to facilitate movement of
the foot pads 212, which movement may generally follow an
elliptical motion. In some embodiments, the drive system 218 may
include or be supplemented by an incline mechanism. The incline
mechanism may operate in a manner similar to that described above
with respect to FIGS. 1A and 1B. Such an incline mechanism may, for
instance, a front side of the elliptical exercise system 200 to
raise or lower. As the elevation of the front side of the
elliptical exercise system 200 changes, the difficulty to a user
may correspondingly increase or decrease.
[0066] Regardless of the particular form of an exercise system
(e.g., a treadmill as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B or an elliptical
machine as shown in FIG. 2), a control panel may be attached to a
frame, support or other component of the device. FIGS. 3 and 4
illustrate example views of a control panel 316 in greater detail.
In particular, control panel 316 can include one or more interface
components. Such interface components may include input devices
and/or output devices. Input devices generally enable a user to
input and vary the operating parameters or other information of an
exercise system, add information about a user of the exercise
system, or otherwise input information into the exercise system or
a device physically or communicatively linked thereto. Output
devices, in contrast, can provide information to the user. As an
example of an input device, the control panel 316 may include a
touch-sensitive display 330. The touch-sensitive display 330 may
itself provide one or more input components. In FIG. 3, for
instance, the touch-sensitive display 330 includes a control 332
for editing personal information. According to one embodiment,
personal information may include information about the user such
as, but not limited to, the user's height, weight, and age.
Additional information may include the user's fitness level,
exercise history, preferences (e.g., workout preferences, display
settings, etc.), or other information. Such personal information
may be stored by an exercise system that includes the control panel
316 or stored remotely in a database or other storage location
accessible to the exercise system. In some embodiments, personal
information may be input remotely and retrieved or edited locally
at the exercise system. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the
present disclosure, an exercise system that includes the control
panel 316 may also include an authentication system for uniquely
identifying the user, thereby allowing access or use of information
stored locally and/or for remotely. In FIG. 3, for instance, the
exercise system may have authenticated a user using an iFIT account
to ensure that the user is associated with the "MikeBe1101"
username.
[0067] Other components available at control panel 316 may include
controls 334-340 for running a preprogrammed or custom workout,
control 342 for creating a new workout, control 344 for accessing
IFIT.COM workouts (e.g., through the Internet), control 346 for
accessing a workout history, and control 348 for accessing maps
(e.g., real-world maps) and/or creating a workout based on
real-world maps. An example system for creating workouts based on
real-world maps is described in additional detail in U.S. Patent
Publication No. 2011/0172059, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
EXERCISING" and filed on Mar. 10, 2011 which application is
expressly incorporated herein by this reference in its
entirety.
[0068] One skilled in the art will appreciate in view of the
disclosure herein that additional and other controls related to
workouts or exercise programs may also be included. For instance,
exemplary controls may allow a user to initiate a workout or pause
or stop a workout in progress. Still other input controls may
include controls for adding, deleting or editing workouts stored in
a history, controls for changing the display (e.g., between street,
map, and satellite views), controls for accessing music, video, or
other files, controls for creating or viewing a workout, exercise,
or nutrition plan, etc. Also illustrated in FIG. 3 are controls to
vary the equipment parameters during an active workout. Control 350
may allow a user to, for instance, select an incline which the
exercise system may simulate (e.g., through tilting the equipment).
In some cases, the exercise system may include a motor or other
mechanism for causing a movable element to move at a particular
speed, in which case a control 352 may be included to allow a user
to select the speed.
[0069] In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure,
a workout or other exercise program may be performed using an
exercise system in a manner that simulates or otherwise relates to
real-world conditions. FIG. 4 illustrates an example view of the
control panel 316 during execution of such a workout. In
particular, the display 330 may provide a visual depiction 354 of
terrain being traversed by the user exercising with the aid of an
associated exercise system. The depiction 354 may include satellite
views, map views, street views, topographical views, or other
views. In one embodiment, such views may include pictures and/or
videos of real-world places. In other embodiments, such views may
include illustrations, renderings, or animations of real-world
places. In still other embodiments, the views may be illustrations,
renderings, animations or other depictions of fictitious or virtual
locations.
[0070] Real-world information may be obtained by linking into
databases that provide such information. For instance,
MAPQUEST.COM, MAPS.GOOGLE.COM, and GOOGLE EARTH are all examples of
databases available over the Internet which provide map-related
information. Such information may be accessed for use with a stored
program, a program created by the user, or even an on-the-fly
exercise routine. The change or play rate for image data may vary
based on the user's speed as determined on the exercise system.
During a workout simulating real-world locations, topographical
information may also be accessed (e.g., from the GTOPO30 maintained
by the U.S. Geological Survey). Topographical information may be
used to generate or display images generally depicting the user
climbing or descending a hill. Such topographical information may
also be used to more accurately simulate real-world conditions,
such as by adjusting intensity of a workout based on slope, or
determining the effect of surrounding geographical features on wind
that would affect the user in real-world conditions.
[0071] As also shown in FIG. 4, the display 330 may provide
additional information in lieu of, or in addition to, the visual
depiction 354. In particular, in the illustrated embodiment,
controls 356, 358 provide information about the operating
parameters of the exercise system. More particularly, control 356
displays the speed of the user, while control 358 displays the
slope--whether it be physical incline of the exercise system or the
virtual slope of the terrain being traversed. Controls 356, 358 may
be output controls, although in other embodiments they may also be
enabled to act as inputs. For instance, a user may change an
incline of an exercise system by selecting control 358. A control
360 may also provide information related to the terrain being
virtually traversed. Such information may be obtained from
topographical, informational, or other databases and be obtained in
real-time or stored within a program or data store accessible to
the exercise system. By way of illustration, the control 360 and
can display information related to the current altitude.
Information for control 358 may also be obtained from similar
databases to obtain slope information. Other controls may provide
still other information, or provide the user with input options.
Optional elements that may be displayed on the control panel 316 of
FIG. 4 may also include start, stop, or pause controls, a distance
control providing the distance travelled and/or remaining in the
program or routine, a calorie control indicating the approximate
number of calories burned, an indication of the type of terrain
being traversed (e.g., dirt, pavement, sand, etc.), and the
like.
[0072] An additional control illustrated in FIG. 4 is a wind
control 362. As will be appreciated, a user exercising outdoors
will encounter elements such as rain, wind, and the like. In one
embodiment of the present disclosure, either or both of surface
wind and wind generated by a user's movement may be taken into
account when providing an exercise routine simulating real-world
conditions. Indeed, when exercising in the real-world terrain, any
of the real-world conditions reflected by controls 358-362 can
affect the amount of effort that must be expended by a user of an
exercise device, and thus may be simulated in some embodiments of
the present disclosure. For instance, the wind is illustrated as
moving at approximately eight miles per hour, and in a direction
that has both headwind and crosswind components (i.e., in a
direction not directly parallel to the direction the user is
virtually moving). In an outdoor setting, such a wind would create
air resistance in the form of drag, and hinder the movement of a
runner, cyclist, or other moving person or object. The altitude and
slope may have similar effects. For instance, the gravitational
resistance felt by a person exercising on a real-world course will
vary based on the slope, and whether the terrain is uphill, flat,
or downhill. The altitude can also affect the effort a person must
expend in a real-world setting. More particularly, at lower
elevations the air has a higher density than air at higher
elevations. The more dense air thus increases the air resistance at
such elevations. While the illustrated wind control 362 is shown as
showing a single wind value, it should be appreciated that the
control 362 may also show other weather values. In still other
embodiments, the wind control 362 may be a wind map showing wind
values at multiple locations.
[0073] An exemplary system for simulating the effects of such
components is schematically illustrated in FIG. 5, in the form of
exercise system 400. Exercise system 400 generally includes a
variety of components that cooperate to allow a user to exercise
while also simulating real-world conditions or terrain. In the
illustrated embodiment, for instance, one or more controllers 102
are illustrated as being in communication with an input/output
system 404, sensor system 406, one or more motors 408, and various
other components using a communication bus 410.
[0074] Controllers 402 may include one or more processors or other
components that, either alone or in combination with one or more
other components, can be used to simulate real-world effects such
as air resistance or gravity-related resistance. Accordingly, in
some embodiments, controllers 402 may act as a simulation system
and/or as a means for means for simulating real-world effects,
including air resistance, based on particular personal
characteristics of the user of the exercise system 400, a simulated
velocity, a simulated surface wind, other components or any
combination of the foregoing. In some embodiments, the means for
simulating real-world effects may include other components,
including any combination of controllers 402, input/output system
404, sensors 406, and motor(s) 408. In still other embodiments, the
means for simulating real-world effects many include additional or
other components (e.g., components 436, 438, 444, 446).
[0075] As discussed herein, a workout intended to simulate
real-world terrain may include still and/or video images, and
potentially audio. Such information can be retrieved or processed
by the controllers 402 and conveyed to the input/output system 404,
where it may be provided to the user via a display 412 and/or audio
output 414. Inputs received at a user input system 416 of the
input/output system 404 may affect the real-world conditions being
simulated by the exercise system 400. For instance, a user may
change operating parameters of the system 400 using user input
system 416, which may then pass the information to one or more
controllers 402. An example start control 418 may be used to start
an exercise program, routine or workout, and an end control 420 may
be used to terminate or pause the program, routine or workout.
During the exercise routine, the user may manually or otherwise
adjust operating parameters of the exercise system 400. For
instance, where the exercise system 400 is a motorized treadmill,
the user may vary the speed and/or incline of the treadmill using
the speed and incline controls 422, 424. Additional controls to
receive or display a user's height (control 426) and/or weight
(control 428) can also be used. In a real-world environment, the
shape of the user can have an impact on the air resistance felt by
the user. Consequently, the weight and/or height of the user can be
used to approximate an area or other shape factor for calculating
air resistance.
[0076] In that regard, various sensors in the exercise system 400
may also be used to facilitate a determination of how to simulate
real-world environmental conditions. For instance, the sensor
system 406 may include a weight sensor 430 and/or body position
sensor 432. The weight sensor may be used in addition or in lieu of
the weight control 428 to approximate a weight of a user. The
position of a user's body can potentially affect the air resistance
felt by a user. By way of illustration, a user may run in a very
upright position which increases a frontal area for air resistance
that can be felt by the runner. If the user is in a more hunched
position (e.g., by grasping the handle assemblies of FIGS. 1A-2)
that user may create a smaller frontal area that reduces wind
resistance. In contrast, a user in an upright position may thus
have an increased frontal area and more blunt back profile, both of
which can be associated with increased drag. Accordingly, in some
embodiments, body position sensor 432 may determine an approximate
body position of the user. An exemplary body position sensor may
include a 3D scanner or other visualization sensor that can be
analyzed by controllers 402 or within sensor 432. Other body
position sensors may include pressure sensors to determine the
weight distribution relative to a frame, tread deck, or other
component of the exercise system 400, or may be integrated into a
handle assembly. Sensors within handlebars may be used to determine
what portion of the handlebars are being gripped and/or the force
applied to the grips to approximate to what degree the user is
upright versus hunched over. Regardless of the type of sensor or
other component used as the optional body position sensor 432,
controllers 402 may use the information in simulating real-world
conditions, such as by controlling a motor or other mechanism that
adjusts an incline mechanism 436 and/or speed mechanism 438.
[0077] The sensor system 406 may also include a power sensor 434.
The power sensor 434 may be used for any number of purposes, and
can in some embodiments be used to determine the power output at a
particular component of exercise system 400. In one embodiment, for
instance, the power sensor 434 may include a torque meter that
determines the torque at one or more rotating components (e.g., a
roller attached to an endless belt; a flywheel in an elliptical,
etc.) of the exercise system 400. Controllers 402 may use such
information to determine the input power from a user, the power
output after losses through the system, or other characteristics
useful for simulating real-world environmental conditions. In some
embodiments, the power sensor 434 may also or additionally measure
strain on one or more of the motors 408.
[0078] Based on information controllers 402 receive through bus 410
from input/output system 404 and/or sensor system 406, controllers
402 may communicate with one or more motors 408. The motors 408 may
in turn operate an incline mechanism 436 and/or a speed mechanism
438. Such operation may occur in any suitable manner. For instance,
the incline mechanism 436 and/or speed mechanism 438 may be
physically connected to the motors 408 such that as a motor 408 is
actuated, components of the incline or speed mechanisms 436, 438
may also actuated. An incline mechanism 436, for instance, may
include a worm gear that is driven by a motor 408 to increase or
decrease an incline. Similarly, a drive wheel or roller attached to
an endless belt may be rotated by an actuated motor 408. In other
embodiments, the incline and speed mechanisms 436, 438 may operate
in other manners. For instance, such mechanisms may be operated
independently by the motor 408 and/or controllers 402 communicating
with such mechanisms through the bus 410.
[0079] In one example embodiment, controllers 402 may send
information through the communication bus 402 to operate the one or
more motors 408 in a manner that controls incline and/or speed
mechanisms 436, 438 in a manner that simulates air resistance
calculated as a drag force, power lost due to drag, power
differential, or in another manner. In some embodiments, as a slope
of simulated terrain change, controllers 402 may communicate
information to motors 408 to adjust the incline mechanism 436 to
simulate such slope. As the controllers 402 determine an air
resistance to be simulated, the controllers 402 may further
communicate with the motors 408 to adjust the incline mechanism 436
and/or speed mechanism 438 to increase or decrease difficulty in a
manner that simulates the calculated air resistance. In still
another embodiment, the controllers 402 may communicate with the
input/output system 404 to adjust displayed parameters based on
determined real-world conditions.
[0080] Exercise system 400 may also include a memory/storage
component 440, a workout generator 442, a communication interface
444, an IFIT component 446, or any number of other components.
Memory/storage component 440 may have any number of purposes and
can store any number of components. For instance, memory/storage
component 440 may store pre-programmed or custom workouts, a
workout history, power/speed and/or power/incline conversion tables
or algorithms, still or video images, audio information, and the
like. Workout generator 442 may generally be used to create
workouts. In some embodiments, workout generator 442 may allow a
user to input parameters (e.g., speed, incline, altitude,
distances, etc.) to create a workout. In other embodiments, workout
generator 442 may be at least partially automated. For instance,
workout generator 442 may access real-world map or other data. A
user may select start/end points and/or route information, and
workout generator 442 may use geographic information to determine
and specify the altitude, slope, wind, etc. to be simulated.
[0081] A communication interface 444 may also be provided.
According to one example embodiment, communication interface 444
may allow controllers 402 to communicate with remote or local
components or data sources. By way of illustration, real-world
terrain and/or map information may be stored in a remote data
store, and communication interface 444 may connect to the Internet
or use another communication system to access the data store and
the information. In still another embodiment, controllers 402,
input/output system 404, memory/storage 440, workout generator 444
or the like may be located remote from portions of the exercise
system 400 or may be distributed among multiple components in
different locations. Communication interface 444 may allow the
distributed or remote components to communicate and cooperatively
operate exercise system 400. For instance, an exercise machine may
be connected to a local or remote computing device (e.g., a laptop,
desktop, tablet, smart phone, etc.) which can include or act as the
controller 402.
[0082] IFIT component 446 may also operate in connection with
communication interface 444 in some embodiments. In general, IFIT
component 446 may provide exercise system 400 with access to the
IFIT.COM website and/or database. The IFIT.COM service may provide
workouts, workout creation tools, or other information, including
user specific information. As needed, or upon request, controller
402 may access desired information. For instance, the user's
height, weight, age, workout history, or other information may be
stored in the IFIT.COM database. Such information may be retrieved
when needed, such as when height and/or weight information is used
to determine air resistance during a workout. Alternatively, other
information such as workouts may be stored at the IFIT.COM or other
similar website, and retrieved using the IFIT component 446 and/or
communication interface 444.
[0083] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate flow charts for use in simulating
environmental conditions during an exercise program. To illustrate
example methods in accordance with the present disclosure, FIGS. 6
and 7 may be described with reference to components illustrated in
FIGS. 1A-5.
[0084] FIG. 6 generally illustrates an example process 500 of
modeling real world effects on an exercise system. More
particularly, in the illustrated embodiment resistance based on
operating parameters that can be controlled using the exercise
equipment. In particular, method 500 begins 502 and speed is
determined in act 504. The speed determination may be made using a
speed sensor built into an exercise device, based on a reported
speed from a user input/output, or in any other manner. Optionally,
the speed may be obtained by measuring a rotational speed and then
correlating the rotational speed with a linear velocity (e.g.,
knowing dimensions of a rotating roller, an endless belt, or other
component). Speed can be determined in any suitable dimensions,
including as miles per hour, kilometers per hour, feet per second,
meters per second, and the like.
[0085] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a process 500
for modeling real world effects on an exercise system may include
an act 506 in which an incline is determined. Determining the
incline in act 506 may include determining the incline of an
exercise system, determining a slope of a course or real-world
location being simulated, or both. For instance, an exercise system
may measure an incline of a tread deck or other component of an
exercise system, or may measure a position of a component (e.g., a
gearing component used to adjust incline). In other embodiments,
the system may access a local or remote database that includes
topographical information. The topographical information may then
be used to determine the slope at a particular location.
[0086] The exercise system used to obtain or otherwise determine
speed and incline information may use such information or other
operating parameters of the exercise equipment to model air
resistance (act 510). More particularly, with regard to air
resistance, as a person walks, runs or otherwise moves along
real-world terrain, the person moves through the surrounding air.
The surrounding air has a mass and density, and the flow of air
past and around a person creates a frictional drag force that acts
in a direction opposite the motion of the person. On a treadmill or
other stationary exercise equipment, a person does not have produce
the same air flow or the corresponding drag force. Generally
speaking, air flow around a moving object can occur at a velocity
that is about the same as the moving object. In many cases,
however, there may other factors, including weather related
elements such as wind. For instance, a runner may be moving
directly into a headwind. In such case, air tends to flow around
the person, from front to back, at a velocity that is about the sum
of the wind velocity and the person's running velocity. In an
opposing scenario, a person may be running with a tailwind. If the
velocity of the person is greater than the velocity of the
tailwind, air may move around the person, from front to back, at a
velocity about equal to the person's velocity less the wind
velocity. If the velocity of the person is less than the velocity
of the tailwind, air may move around the person, from back to
front, at a velocity about equal to the wind velocity less the
person's velocity.
[0087] One aspect of the present disclosure is to simulate the
effect air resistance has on the effort a person must extend to
overcome air resistance forces by increasing or decreasing
difficulty to approximate the air resistance, despite the person on
the stationary equipment not directly experiencing the air
resistance. In general, the forces may be simulated by causing the
incline or speed mechanisms to be adjusted by an amount producing
increased or decreased difficultly corresponding to the expected
air resistance. In other embodiments, the distance of a workout may
be scaled to account for the difficultly.
[0088] Air resistance may be determined in a number of different
manners. Some examples for determining air resistance may include
determining the drag force or the power lost due to air
resistance.
[0089] The drag force is the equivalent force of the air resistance
and acts in a direction opposite the direction of movement of a
person moving relative to the surrounding air. It may generally be
calculated using the equation:
F a = C d A ( n 2 ) ( V + V wind ) 2 ##EQU00001##
In the above equation, F.sub.d is the drag force, C.sub.d is the
drag coefficient, A is the frontal reference area of the moving
object, p is the density of air, V is the velocity of the object
relative to air, and V.sub.wind is the velocity of a wind, where a
headwind is a positive value and a tailwind is a negative value.
Inasmuch as power is equal to a force times velocity, the power
loss (P.sub.d) due to air resistance may be calculated using the
equation:
P d = VC d A ( n ~ 2 ) ( V + V wind ) 2 ##EQU00002##
[0090] In each of the above equations, the representative force or
power component is at least in part based on the frontal area of
the moving object, as well as on the drag coefficient. The drag
coefficient is a dimensionless number that generally quantifies the
drag or resistance of an object, and varies based on the shape of
the object. Drag coefficients are often measured values and can
range from about 0.001 for highly aerodynamic shapes to values over
2.0 for less aerodynamic shapes. For a runner, a measured drag
coefficient may based on factors such as the physical, personal
characteristics (e.g., height, weight, etc.) and shape of the
person, as well as the running position (e.g., upright, hunched
over, etc.), or potentially even a relative location or position
(e.g., if drafting behind another runner or object). Thus, while a
simulation system may use a fixed drag coefficient or frontal area,
such values may also be dynamic in an attempt to more accurately
estimate the effects of air resistance.
[0091] As also noted above, other environmental factors that may
affect a moving object in a real-world environment include gravity.
Gravitational effects vary proportionally with the weight of a
moving object. In particular, in accordance with the present
disclosure, the resistance forces due to gravity may be
approximated using the equation:
F.sub.g=mg
In this equation, F.sub.g is the force due to gravity, m is the
mass of the moving object (i.e., the runner), g is the force of
gravity, and .DELTA. is the slope of the road, track or other path.
The slope may be a dimensionless value as slope may be determined
by elevation change over distance. Using the velocity of the person
(V), the power loss (P.sub.g) due to the gravitational forces may
be approximated using the equation:
P.sub.g=mgV
[0092] In at least some embodiments, the effects of gravity can be
modeled by adjusting the incline of the treadmill or other item of
exercise equipment. For instance, if the slope of a road being
simulated has a six percent incline, the equipment can have an
incline set to six percent to also simulate the gravitational
effects. In additional or other embodiments, however, the air
resistance can also be simulated by adjusting the incline
mechanism. In particular, the total power (P.sub.t) associated with
air resistance and gravitational effects may be determined using
the following formula:
P t = VC d A ( n ~ 2 ) ( V + V wind ) 2 + mgV A ~ ##EQU00003##
If the gravitational component is eliminated by matching the
incline of the exercise equipment to the slope of the terrain, only
the air resistance component remains. The air resistance component
may then be set equal to the gravitational component to determine
what additional incline may be used to add sufficient power to
approximate the power associated with air resistance. Thus, an
equation for simulating air resistance using incline may be similar
to the following:
mgV A ~ 2 = VC d A ( n ~ 2 ) ( V + V wind ) 2 ##EQU00004##
Consequently, the additional incline beyond the incline directly
simulating the slope of the terrain, and which can simulate the
effects of air resistance can be expressed by the following
equation:
A 2 = C d A ( n ~ 2 ) ( V + V wind ) 2 mg ##EQU00005##
Using such an equation, an exercise system may determine, for
instance, that when simulating a six percent incline, exercise
equipment should automatically have the incline level adjusted to
six percent to match the incline and then adjusted an additional
positive or negative amount based on the direction of the wind so
as to account for air resistance due to the runner's movement and
wind being simulated.
[0093] The foregoing equations, or other equations, modeling
real-world conditions, may be used to simulate the effects of
nature, the environment, and the like within exercise system. As
will be appreciated in view of the disclosure herein, such
equations may utilize values that simulate real-world conditions
and/or provide values used to simulate such conditions. Notably,
such equations are merely exemplary and other suitable calculations
or equations may be used for determining, simulating or modeling
real-world forces.
[0094] For instance, in another embodiment, real-world conditions
may be simulated in other manners. By way of example, rather than
adjusting the incline to compensate for air resistance or other
real-world conditions, speed may be increased. Where the equipment
includes a console or display, the increased speed may be
displayed, although other embodiments may not display the increased
speed. In such an embodiment, the power expended by a runner may be
expressed by an empirical formula similar to the following:
P r = m 281.716906 - 14.22475 V ##EQU00006##
In the above equation, P.sub.r is the power expended by the runner,
while m is the mass of the runner and V is the velocity. In a
real-world environment, the total power used by the runner may thus
be measured as the sum of power exerted to run at a particular
speed (V.sub.1) and the power to overcome the drag. The total power
could also be expressed as the total power used by the runner at a
second velocity (V.sub.2) using the above equation. When the total
power at the second velocity is thus set equal to the sum of the
power at the first velocity and the power to overcome the drag, the
equation may look like the following:
m 281.716906 - 14.22475 V 2 = m 281.716906 - 14.22475 V 1 + P D
##EQU00007##
Using such an equation and solving for the second velocity
(V.sub.2), the following equation may be obtained:
V 2 = V 1 ( 281.716906 P d - m ) - 19.8047 P d P d ( 14.22475 V 1 -
281.716906 ) - m ##EQU00008##
[0095] The power loss due to drag (P.sub.d) can be determined using
formulas identified above, and may specifically include an actual
velocity of the user, an air density value, a drag coefficient, a
frontal area, or the like. When such a value is used in connection
with the equation immediately above, a second velocity may be
determined. If the exercise equipment is then operated at the
second velocity, the system simulates moving at the first velocity
while also factoring in considerations such as wind resistance due
to movement as well as potentially due to weather conditions,
altitude, and the like.
[0096] It should be appreciated in view of the discussion herein
that while equipment may be operated at a second velocity, a
distance associated with such exercise may instead be based on an
initial velocity. Thus, a control panel for an exercise system may
actually indicate to a user that he or she is moving at a
particular speed (i.e., an initial velocity), while they may
instead be moving at a second velocity that is determined to factor
in wind resistance.
[0097] As a corollary, rather than modifying a speed at which a
user of exercise equipment runs in order to simulate the effects of
air resistance, the equipment may instead vary the distance. More
particularly, if a user maintains a particular speed, the user of
an exercise system will expend more energy to go a further distance
rather than a shorter distance. The difference in energy used may
be correlated to the power spent to overcome the drag force that
would be felt in real-world conditions. As a result, if the
distance of a workout is scaled (e.g., by making a workout distance
greater if there is a drag force), the effects of running in
real-world conditions may be simulated.
[0098] As velocity is equal to distance over time, and thus
directly proportional to distance, one way of scaling the distance
is to use a scaling factor. The scaling factor may, for instance,
be determined using the first velocity a (V.sub.1) and second
velocity (V.sub.2) discussed above. The second velocity may be
considered an equivalent velocity as the second velocity may be the
velocity at which a person may move on stationary equipment to have
equivalent energy expenditure as the same person running at the
first velocity in a real-world conditions. Using such velocities, a
scaling factor (S) for the distance may be determined using the
following equation:
S = V 1 V 2 ##EQU00009##
[0099] The scaling factor (S) may thus be applied directly to the
distance a user is determined to move over a time during which the
particular real-world conditions and velocity are constant. Thus,
if the scaling factor is 0.98, an actual distance of one kilometer
may be considered, reported, or displayed as 0.98 kilometer. The
user would have to exercise an amount equivalent to a distance of
an additional 0.2 kilometers to have approximately the same energy
expenditure as if moving one kilometer in real-world
conditions.
[0100] As will be appreciated, during the course of an exercise
program--particularly one simulating real-world terrain or
conditions--the speed at which a person is moving, the
slope/incline or the terrain, the wind speed or direction, and the
like may change. Thus, as information is collected, a determination
can be made whether the workout is continuing (act 512) or has
ended. If it is determined that the workout is continuing, the
process 500 may be iterative by, for instance, returning to act 504
to obtain new speed, incline, air resistance, or other values so
that current air resistance conditions can be modeled and
simulated.
[0101] FIG. 7 illustrates a further example method 600 that may be
used to simulate real-world conditions on a treadmill, elliptical,
or other type of exercise equipment. It should be appreciated that
method 600 is merely exemplary and that the various illustrated
steps may be performed in any suitable order, and that some steps
may be eliminated or altered in other embodiments. Moreover, the
various steps of method 600 may be performed using any suitable
components of an exercise system, including components illustrated
in FIG. 5. For instance, in one embodiment, method 600 is performed
or coordinated by a controller (e.g., controller 402) or other
components. In another embodiment, method 600 is performed using
other devices or systems, including by using a controller (e.g.,
controller 602) in combination with one or more sensors (e.g.,
sensors 406), motors (e.g., motor(s) 408), incline mechanisms
(e.g., incline mechanism 436), and/or speed mechanisms (e.g., speed
mechanism 438). In still another embodiment, a collection of one or
more components of an exercise system that performs all or a
portion of method 600 may be part of a simulation system that
simulates real-world or environmental conditions on an exercise
device or within an exercise system.
[0102] In FIG. 7, the method 600 begins 602 and the velocity of the
user is determined in act 604. As discussed herein, an exercise
system may include a treadmill, elliptical or other device and the
user may be stationary, but nonetheless moving at a simulated
velocity. The speed determined in act 604 may thus be a real-world
velocity simulated by the exercise system based on the movement of
a user or a movable element such as an endless belt of a treadmill.
Determining the simulated velocity of the person may be performed
in any number of different manners. For instance, as noted herein,
an exemplary treadmill may be a motorized treadmill where a user
can set a speed value. Thus, determining the user's speed in act
604 may include identifying the speed at which the user as set the
treadmill to operate. In other embodiments, such as where a
treadmill, elliptical or other embodiment is non-motorized, an RPM
sensor may be used to obtain a rotational speed or angular velocity
value of a rotating component such as a crankshaft, flywheel,
roller, belt, chain, or other component. Based on the circumference
of the rotating component, gearing, or other factors, a simulated
linear velocity may be obtained. For instance, a sensor may itself
calculate a linear velocity, or may provide the rotational speed to
a separate component (e.g., controller 402) which can then compute
the simulated linear velocity.
[0103] In the illustrated embodiment, the method 600 may also
include a step for determining an incline or slope (step 606).
Determining the incline or slope may occur before, concurrent with,
or after determining a speed in act 604, and may occur in any
suitable manner. For instance, a user may expressly set an incline
value in which case determining an incline or slop in step 606 may
include accessing incline information directly from an exercise
system. In other embodiments, incline information may be provided
without the user expressly setting an incline. As an illustration,
a pre-programmed or custom program may set specific incline values,
and determining the incline in step 606 may include accessing the
program to identify the incline, or using a sensor to determine the
incline of the exercise device. In still another embodiment,
incline or slope information may be determined based on real-world
locations. Accordingly, in at least some embodiments the step 606
for determining an incline or slope includes an act 608 of
accessing topographical information. Such topographical information
may be stored in a local or remote database. In at least some
embodiments, the topographical information may be stored with a
workout itself in the form of altitude values, incline adjustments,
or a combination of the foregoing.
[0104] Based on a determined slope or incline, the method 600 also
includes an act of setting the incline in act 610. Setting the
incline can occur automatically, even without user intervention.
For instance, upon running an exercise program, the exercise system
running the program may send an actuation signal to one or more
motors (e.g., motors 408). The motors may rotate a shaft, gear, or
other component that then causes an incline mechanism to increase
or decrease an incline of the exercise system.
[0105] In accordance with some embodiments of the present
disclosure, an exercise system may further perform a step 612 for
determining air resistance. The determined air resistance may be a
simulated air resistance as a user of an exercise device may be
stationary and/or indoors. In contrast, the exercise program may be
simulating an outdoor environment in which the user is actually
moving, and air resistance due to the movement and/or weather
conditions (e.g., wind) may be considered. The step 612 for
determining air resistance being simulated optionally includes an
act of determining a simulated drag coefficient (act 614). As
discussed previously, the drag coefficient may relate to the
aerodynamic characteristics of a person moving in real-world
conditions (e.g., a person who is running along a road or trail).
Where the real-world environment is being simulated by a treadmill,
elliptical machine or other device, the drag coefficient may be
static or dynamic. For instance, the simulated drag coefficient may
vary from person to person, or may even vary from second-to-second
based on factors such as body position.
[0106] In general, the simulated drag coefficient may vary between
about 0.4 and about 1.5, although in other embodiments the drag
coefficient may be higher or lower. In one embodiment in which the
simulated drag coefficient is fixed, the value may be between about
0.4 and about 0.7, although such values are merely examples. In
embodiments in which the drag coefficient varies, the variation may
occur based on the body position of the user of the exercise
equipment, the physical characteristics of the user, whether the
runner is simulating an exercise where the user is drafting behind
another person or object, and the like. If a runner is running in
an upright position, the drag coefficient may, for example, be set
to be between about 0.5 and about 0.7.
[0107] Further still, in some embodiments, determining the
simulated drag coefficient in act 614 may include determining or
using personal characteristics of the user of the exercise
equipment. Example personal characteristics may include the height
and/or weight of the person, the type of clothing being worn or
simulated, and the like. For instance, a person may provide height
or weight information directly into a control panel (see FIG. 3) of
an exercise device, or the information may be obtained from another
source (e.g., a remote database such as IFIT.COM, sensors on the
equipment, etc). In act 614, the simulated drag coefficient may be
higher for a larger person than for a person with a lesser weight
or height. Thus, in some embodiments, determining the simulated
drag coefficient (act 614) is based on personal characteristics
(e.g., height/weight information), clothing, or body position.
[0108] The step for determining simulated air resistance (step 612)
may also include determining a frontal area of a user of the
exercise system (act 616). Determining the frontal area in act 616
may be performed in any number of manners. For instance, frontal
area may be assumed to be an approximate value that is fixed value
regardless of the personal characteristics or body position of a
user. In such a case, the frontal area may be between about 0.3
meters and about 1.2 meters, although such values are merely
examples and the frontal area may be higher or lower. In still
other embodiments, frontal area may be approximated in a manner
that varies based on factors similar to those optionally considered
in determining the drag coefficient. A determination of the frontal
area in act 616 may include obtaining an approximation based on any
combination of a fixed value, or a user's height, weight, or body
position. Such information may be obtained using sensors, user
input, from data stores, using a processor/controller, or in other
manners.
[0109] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an exercise
system may include one or more controllers or other modules (see
FIG. 5) that act as a simulation system for weather or other
environmental factors. For instance, surface wind may have a
significant effect on a real-world runner, but almost none on a
user of stationary exercise equipment, particularly if the
stationary equipment is indoors. In the method 600, simulating
real-world conditions may include determining a simulated wind
velocity and/or direction (act 618) in the step for determining
simulated air resistance (step 612).
[0110] Determining simulated wind velocity or direction in act 618
can include evaluating any number of resources to set or determine
the relevant wind to be simulated. For instance, in one embodiment
an exercise system may include a component that generates a random
or pseudo-random wind value and/or direction. In other embodiments,
wind may be based on the actual location being simulated. By way of
illustration, if a person is simulating a run through Central Park
in New York City, a wind simulation system of an exercise system
may access real-time weather information of New York City, may
access historical or average values, or may obtain wind information
in other manners. In still other embodiments, a user may have full
or partial control over wind values. For instance, a user may
create a workout and indicate that the simulated wind should
satisfy certain criteria (e.g., minimum, maximum, direction, fixed,
variable, etc.). The system may then be set to apply the wind based
on such criteria and, if appropriate, vary the wind speed in a
regular or random nature. The direction of simulated wind may be
similarly determined, but may also be based on the direction of
travel being simulated for the user. Accordingly, in determining
simulated wind velocity, a speed and direction component of the
simulated wind may be obtained. The direction component may be an
absolute value (e.g., southwest) or may be relative to the
simulated direction in which the person is moving during a workout
program (e.g., thirty degrees off parallel to the direction of
travel).
[0111] Where the simulated wind direction is not directly in a
headwind or tailwind direction, the simulated wind is optionally
separated into components when determining the wind velocity and/or
direction in act 618. The components may be obtained for directions
parallel and/or perpendicular to the travel direction. For
instance, FIG. 4 illustrates a simulated wind of about 8 miles per
hour wind that is at about thirty degrees offset from a direct
headwind relative to the run direction being simulated. Using
standard trigonometric functions, the simulated wind component in a
true headwind direction may be about 6.93 miles per hour, while the
simulated wind component in a true cross-wind direction may be
about 4.00 miles per hour. In some embodiments, determining
simulated wind velocity in act 618 may also include displaying wind
speed and/or direction (e.g., on a map as shown in FIG. 4, or in
any other manner).
[0112] Any number of systems may be utilized to determine speed
and/or direction of a simulated wind component, including surface
wind. In some embodiments, an exercise device may include a wind
simulation system. Such a wind simulation system may be provided in
software, hardware, or another component, or in any combination of
the foregoing. For instance, in one embodiment, a controller (e.g.,
controller 402) may be programmed or otherwise equipped to
determine a simulated wind direction and/or speed in any manner
such as those described or contemplated herein. In another
embodiment, a controller may access or execute software (e.g.,
stored in memory/storage component 440, or available using
communication interface 444) to simulate wind.
[0113] Optionally, a simulated altitude may also be determined (act
620). As discussed herein, embodiments of the present disclosure
include simulating real-world terrain, or even simulating virtual
terrain. To simulate such terrain, the elevation may increase or
decrease, respectively, as the person virtually ascends or descends
simulated hills. If real-world or other topographical information
is used, the virtual speed of the user can be used to track the
simulated current location of the person along a particular route,
as well as the simulated current altitude.
[0114] The altitude may be used for any number of purposes. For
instance, the simulated current altitude may be displayed to a user
on a control panel or similar device to provide visual feedback to
the user as to their location and workout. Environmental conditions
such as air density also can vary based on altitude. At sea level,
the density of air under standard atmospheric conditions is about
1.225 kg/m.sup.3. Under the same conditions, but at 1000 meters
altitude, the density of air is about 1.088 kg/m.sup.3. Air density
may also change based on temperature or other weather conditions.
Accordingly, in some embodiments, determining altitude in act 620
may also include determining a simulated air density value. In
other embodiments, the simulated air density value may be fixed
regardless of altitude. A fixed air density may be between about
1.1 kg/m.sup.3 and 1.2 kg/m.sup.3, but may be higher or lower in
other embodiments. The air density may also be fixed for a
particular workout by, for instance, averaging the simulated
elevation throughout the entire workout.
[0115] The simulated current altitude during a workout may also be
used for other purposes. For instance, act 622 includes an optional
act of identifying characteristics of surrounding or nearby
terrain. In real-world conditions, there may be wind that is at
least partially blocked or otherwise affected by the surrounding
and nearby terrain. For instance, in the bottom of a narrow canyon
between two hillsides, a person located at a position that is
sufficiently below the peak height may feel almost no wind if the
wind direction is such that the wind is blocked by the hillside. As
the user moves towards the top of the hill, how much of the wind is
felt may gradually build until at the top the user feels the full
effect of the wind. In similar geography, if the wind is blowing
directly into the canyon a funneling effect may occur so as to
increase the effect of the wind.
[0116] Accordingly, in some embodiments, wind may be scaled (act
624). Scaling the wind may include applying a scaling factor to
obtain a simulated wind velocity. The scaling factor may be based
on the direction of simulated wind and/or the topography of the
surrounding terrain being simulated. For instance, if the simulated
current location is lower in elevation relative to nearby terrain
in the direction the wind originates, the difference in elevation
may be determined. Based on the difference, the scaling factor may
vary from about 0.0 to about 1.0. By way of illustration, one
manner of calculating and applying a scaling factor may include
determining that when the difference between the peak altitude and
current altitude is greater than five hundred meters, the scaling
factor is 0.0, indicating no surface wind affects the air
resistance on the user of the exercise equipment. Where the
difference is between five hundred and zero meters, the scaling
factor may vary linearly. Thus, in the above example, if the peak
altitude is one hundred meters and a simulated location is at a
simulated current altitude of seven hundred fifty meters, the
scaling factor may be 0.5. If the simulated current altitude is one
thousand meters, the scaling factor may be 1.0. Consequently, as
the user virtually ascends a hill, the scaling factor may increase,
which in turn causes a backing off of the adjustment to the
simulated wind velocity as well as to the adjustment of simulated
air resistance due to the surrounding terrain. Of course, other
mechanisms or algorithms may be applied to scale the simulated wind
or air resistance based on the location, size, topography,
altitude, or other conditions of nearby and surrounding
terrain.
[0117] The step 612 for determining air resistance may further
include calculating air resistance (act 626), which may be a
simulated air resistance value. In one embodiment, calculating the
simulated air resistance in act 626 may include using any one or
more of a determined velocity, drag coefficient, frontal area, wind
velocity, wind direction, altitude, air density, or wind scaling
factor. For instance, using a previously presented formula, and
applying a scaling factor (SF) to the surface wind component, the
approximate power loss due to air resistance may be calculated
as:
P d = VC d A ( n ~ 2 ) ( V + ( SF .times. V wind ) ) 2
##EQU00010##
[0118] The resultant value for power loss (P.sub.d) may be obtained
in Watts or another unit. To obtain a value in Watts, the velocity
values (V and V.sub.wind) may be in meters per second, the area (A)
in square meters, and the air density (.rho.) in kg/m.sup.3. The
scaling factor (SF) and drag coefficient (C.sub.d) may be unitless
values. When a scaling factor is not used, the scaling factor may
simply be set to 1.0 or simply eliminated. Notably, the value of V
may be a simulated linear velocity. As noted previously, the linear
velocity may be simulated by using a value set by a user, by
measuring a rotational or other speed, or in another manner. The
above formula may thus produce a power value of the power
differential that must be overcome to account on account of air
resistance.
[0119] As noted above, the method 600 may also include a step 628
for scaling operating parameters of an exercise system based on air
resistance. In one embodiment, step 628 includes an act of
adjusting an incline of the exercise system (act 630). Such an act
may include adjusting the incline set in act 610 to increase or
decrease the incline an amount corresponding to air resistance. The
amount of the incline may be determined as described herein by
associating the power component of drag due to air resistance with
the power requirement for a change in incline. Changes to incline
can be determined automatically and produced in real-time. Often,
the changes in incline may be minor and may be between 0% and 2%,
although larger or smaller changes in incline may also be produced
depending on factors such as the wind speed and direction,
simulated velocity of the person exercising, characteristics of
surrounding terrain, and the like. The adjustments to incline may
occur with or without the user's knowledge. For instance, a user
running up a 6% slope may be shown on a control panel that the
slope is 6% and that there is a twelve mile per hour wind. Based on
such a determination, the exercise system may determine that the
increased effort resulting from increasing the incline by 0.25%
would simulate the effect of the wind and movement of the user.
Consequently, the system may automatically adjust the incline by
0.25%. The control panel may continue to display that the slope is
6%, without reflecting the adjusted incline. Alternatively, the
system could display the adjusted incline. By way of illustration,
the control panel could display that the slope is 6% but that the
air resistance is equivalent to a 0.25% increase in slope.
[0120] The step 628 for scaling the operating parameters of an
exercise system based on air resistance may additionally or
alternatively include an act 632 of adjusting a speed of the
exercise system. For instance, as discussed herein, air resistance
causes a runner in a real-world environment to expend additional
effort to travel a particular distance at a given speed. Although
indoor, stationary equipment may not produce the same air
resistance, increasing the speed can cause the user to expend
additional effort. The additional effort can be set to be about
equivalent to the air resistance as discussed herein. In
particular, it may be determined that increasing speed by a half
mile per hour may be the equivalent of a running into a strong
headwind. Where operating parameters are scaled by adjusting the
speed in act 632, this may thus include increasing the speed of a
movable element (e.g., an endless belt of a treadmill) so that the
user is moving at an increased speed. That the speed is increased
may or may not be displayed to the user. For instance, the control
panel of an exercise system may continue to display an original
speed despite an automatic increase determined to be equivalent to
the air resistance. In another embodiment, the change in speed may
be displayed. For instance, the original speed may be displayed
along with an annotation indicating that an actual speed change has
occurred to approximate air resistance.
[0121] In addition to, or in lieu or, adjusting incline or speed,
the distance a person moves may be scaled, as shown in act 624. By
way of illustration, and as noted above, at a particular speed, a
person would expend more energy moving a longer distance than a
shorter distance. Accordingly, in at least one embodiment a
calculation of distance travelled may be scaled based on the air
resistance. For instance, an exercise system may determine that a
person running 0.95 mile in real world conditions that include wind
would expend the same energy as the same person running one mile
without the wind. As a result, the exercise system could scale the
distance travelled by about 0.95. That is to say that although the
time and speed at which the user is running may indicate one
distance, that distance may be scaled based on the scaling factor
that is dependent on the air resistance determination in step
612.
[0122] Although each of acts 630-634 are shown as being present in
the step 628 for scaling operating parameters of an exercise system
based on air resistance, it should be appreciated that the acts
630-634 may individually or collectively be present in any
combination. For instance, an exercise system may be equipped to
adjust for air resistance by using the incline, speed or distance
mechanisms discussed herein. It may determine how to do so
automatically or may allow the user to control which mechanism is
preferred. In other embodiments, only one or more of the various
options may be provided.
[0123] In accordance with certain embodiments of the present
disclosure, an exercise workout or program may iteratively apply
aspects of the method 600. For instance, as a user moves along
simulated terrain, speeds up or down, changes simulated elevation,
etc., the simulated wind, velocity and slope may constantly be
monitored, and the effect such have on air resistance may also be
calculated. Thus, in act 636 a determination may be made as to
whether a workout or exercise program has been completed. If the
workout has not been completed, an exercise system may repeat any
or all of the prior acts or steps, including determining a user's
speed in act 604, determining a slope or incline in step 606,
setting an incline in act 610, determining air resistance in step
612 and/or scaling the operating parameters of the exercise system
in act 628. When the workout is complete, the process 600 may
terminate (act 638).
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0124] In general, the exercise systems and devices of the present
disclosure provide an exercise device that allows simulation of
real-world environmental factors corresponding to a programmed
workout or course. Specifically, as a user of the exercise device
exercises, expected values for air resistance and/or gravitational
effects can be calculated. Such effects can be related to a
mechanism controlling the operating parameters of the exercise
device to require the user to expend the same effort to traverse
the same distance as if moving along the actual, real-world
terrain.
[0125] The effects of real-world and environmental factors may also
be tailored specifically to the person. The person's personal
characteristics (e.g., height and weight) can have a direct impact
on the real-world effects he or she feels. That is, air resistance
can be calculated based on the frontal area of the person, which
frontal area may be influenced at least in part by the height and
weight of the person.
[0126] Environmental factors such as wind and topography also
affect the difficulty to move along real-world terrain, and can be
simulated in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
Wind--whether random, simulated, or based on real-time or
historical data--can also be considered and applied so as to
increase how similar a simulated walk, jog, run or other exercise
is to the actual exercise in the real-world. For instance, wind can
be combined with the velocity of the user to determine the actual
air resistance that would be felt in the actual terrain. That
resistance can be equated with a change in incline, speed or
distance so that the physical effort required for an exercise is
simulated.
[0127] An exercise device may be linked to GOOGLE MAPS or other
databases that allow a user to download or create programs based on
actual elevations along a known course, location or route. Such
topographical information may assist in determining locations along
a route as well as air resistance information. For instance,
topography of nearby terrain may be used to determine the effect of
wind. In addition, while some embodiments contemplate a device
having an incline mechanism for adjusting incline, other types of
equipment may not include incline mechanisms or automatic incline
adjustments. In such cases, the effect of gravity can also be
considered. Based on the mass of the user, the slope of the
terrain, and the like, changes to speed and/or distance could be
made to take into account both air resistance and gravity.
[0128] The particular manner in which real-world conditions are
simulated may be varied. Some embodiments may use equations or
modeling based on steady conditions. As a result, forces associated
with acceleration, turning, type of terrain, and the like may not
be considered. More complex simulations may be used to also account
for non-steady conditions. Further, although embodiments may
determine air resistance in terms of power and then model air
resistance to incline, speed or distance using power equations,
modeling may be performed in other manners, such as by calculating
forces. In other embodiments, actual torque or power values of an
exercise device may be determined, scaled to correspond to power
expended by a user, and then used to adjust operating parameters to
correlate to drag-related effects.
[0129] Approximation or simulation of real-world conditions may
utilize other systems or components of an exercise system. For
instance, in one embodiment an exercise device includes a treadmill
having a tread deck around which an endless belt rotates. Sensors
may be positioned on or near the tread deck to determine the
location, position, weight or other characteristics of the user,
thereby allowing an effective simulation even in the absence of
direct access to the user's physical personal characteristics. In
still other embodiments, a user may be able to input information
such as the user's clothing size. The clothing size, potentially in
combination with other personal characteristics, may be used in
simulating air resistance, such as by determining an appropriate
frontal area or drag coefficient.
[0130] In conclusion, embodiments of the present systems, devices,
and methods provide for an exercise system that may be stationary
or used indoors and which simulates real-world conditions. More
specifically, the real-world conditions that would affect the
person when running or otherwise moving along an actual, real-world
route are simulated by the exercise equipment so that any
combination of the size, shape, position, and the like of the user
may specifically be factored in to provide a more realistic
training or exercise experience.
* * * * *