U.S. patent application number 13/415496 was filed with the patent office on 2013-09-12 for backup wall reinforcement with t-type siderail.
This patent application is currently assigned to MITEK HOLDINGS, INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is Ronald P. Hohmann, JR.. Invention is credited to Ronald P. Hohmann, JR..
Application Number | 20130232893 13/415496 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 49112783 |
Filed Date | 2013-09-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130232893 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hohmann, JR.; Ronald P. |
September 12, 2013 |
BACKUP WALL REINFORCEMENT WITH T-TYPE SIDERAIL
Abstract
A backup wall reinforcement with T-type siderail anchoring
system is described for use in masonry cavity walls. The
reinforcement and integral anchor is hybrid device installed within
the backup wall and interlocked with novel veneer ties. The novel
veneer ties are manually connected through swinging or twisting the
veneer ties until the veneer ties are interlocked with the anchor.
Once interlocked, lateral and vertical veneer tie movement is
limited strengthening the cavity wall structure. The inclusion of a
reinforcement wire within the veneer ties and the exterior wall
provides a seismic structure.
Inventors: |
Hohmann, JR.; Ronald P.;
(Hauppauge, NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Hohmann, JR.; Ronald P. |
Hauppauge |
NY |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
MITEK HOLDINGS, INC.
Wilmington
DE
|
Family ID: |
49112783 |
Appl. No.: |
13/415496 |
Filed: |
March 8, 2012 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/167.1 ;
52/565 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B 2002/0282 20130101;
E04B 1/4185 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/167.1 ;
52/565 |
International
Class: |
E04B 1/41 20060101
E04B001/41; E04B 1/98 20060101 E04B001/98 |
Claims
1. An anchoring system for use in a cavity wall having a backup
wall and a facing wall in a spaced apart relationship having a
cavity therebetween, said backup wall and said facing wall each
having an interior side facing said cavity, said backup wall and
said facing wall each formed from successive courses of masonry
block each with a bed joint of predetermined height between each
two adjacent courses and, further, each course of masonry block
having an embedment surface lying in a substantially horizontal
plane, said anchoring system comprising: a wall reinforcement
portion adapted for disposition upon one of said courses of masonry
blocks for embedment in said bed joint of said backup wall, said
wall reinforcement, further, comprising; a pair of side wires; one
or more intermediate wires each having a longitudinal axis, said
one or more intermediate wires attached to said side wires
maintaining the parallelism thereof; at least one wall anchor
portion formed from one of said side wires configured to extend
into said cavity, said wall anchor portion further comprising, in
turn, t-type wire formatives extending into said cavity, said
t-type wire formatives forming a buckle dimensioned to engage a
veneer tie.
2. An anchoring system described in claim 1, wherein said anchoring
system further comprises a veneer tie, said veneer tie comprising:
a strap, said strap dimensioned to extend through and interlock
with said buckle; and a free end portion continuous with said
strap, whereby upon twisting and dropping said strap through said
buckle, said veneer tie is securely locked within said buckle.
3. An anchoring system as described in claim 2, wherein said strap
comprises: an upper portion, said upper portion dimensioned to
restrain lateral movement within said buckle; a lower portion, said
lower portion dimensioned to secure said strap within said buckle
and limit vertical movement, said upper portion and said lower
portion having an intersection; and an intersecting portion, said
intersecting portion formed at said intersection of said upper
portion and said lower portion.
4. An anchoring system as described in claim 3, wherein said free
end portion further comprises: a cavity portion, said cavity
portion configured to span said cavity; an insertion portion, said
insertion portion continuous with said cavity portion and
dimensioned for disposition within said bed joint of said facing
wall; and one or more reinforcement notches, said one or more
reinforcement notches disposed on said insertion portion and
dimensioned to receive a reinforcement wire;
5. An anchoring system as described in claim 4, wherein said
anchoring system further comprises: a reinforcement wire, said
reinforcement wire for insertion within said one or more
reinforcement notches, whereby, upon installation a seismic
construct is formed.
6. An anchoring system as described in claim 4, wherein said
insertion portion is offset from said cavity portion, said
insertion portion configured upon installation to secure said
cavity portion against said interior of said facing wall.
7. An anchoring system as described in claim 2, wherein said veneer
tie is stamped metal.
8. An anchoring system for use in a cavity wall having a backup
wall and a facing wall in a spaced apart relationship having a
cavity therebetween, said backup wall and said facing wall each
having an interior side facing said cavity, said backup wall and
said facing wall each formed from successive courses of masonry
block each with a bed joint of predetermined height between each
two adjacent courses and, further, each course of masonry block
having an embedment surface lying in a substantially horizontal
plane, said anchoring system comprising: a wall reinforcement
portion adapted for disposition upon one of said courses of masonry
blocks for embedment in said bed joint of said backup wall, said
wall reinforcement, further, comprising; a pair of side wires with
the longitudinal axes thereof disposed parallel to one another,
said pair of side wires having interior surfaces disposed opposite
each other; one or more intermediate wires each having a
longitudinal axis, said one or more intermediate wires attached to
said interior surfaces of said side wires maintaining the
parallelism thereof and having the axes of said side wires and said
intermediate wires being substantially coplanar; at least one wall
anchor portion formed from one of said side wires configured to
extend into said cavity, said wall anchor portion further
comprising, in turn, t-type wire formatives extending into said
cavity, said t-type wire formatives forming a buckle and a throat
dimensioned to engage a veneer tie.
9. An anchoring system as described in claim 8, wherein said
anchoring system further comprises a veneer tie, said veneer tie,
in turn comprising: a strap, said strap dimensioned to interlock
with said wall anchor portion, said strap having a slot, said slot
dimensioned to be inserted over said buckle and said throat; and a
free end portion continuous with said strap, whereby upon
emplacement and rotation of said strap on said wall anchor portion,
said veneer tie is securely interlocked with said wall anchor
portion.
10. An anchoring system as described in claim 9, wherein said slot
is dimensioned upon installation to restrain lateral and vertical
movement.
11. An anchoring system as described in claim 9, wherein said free
end portion further comprises a cavity portion, said cavity portion
configured to span said cavity; an insertion portion, said
insertion portion continuous with said cavity portion and
dimensioned for disposition within said bed joint of said facing
wall; and one or more reinforcement notches, said one or more
reinforcement notches disposed in said insertion portion and
dimensioned to receive a reinforcement wire.
12. An anchoring system as described in claim 11, wherein said
anchoring system further comprises: a reinforcement wire, said
reinforcement wire for insertion within said one or more
reinforcement notches, whereby upon installation a seismic
construct is formed.
13. An anchoring system as described in claim 11 wherein said
cavity portion contains one or more securement notches, said one or
more securement notches configured to interconnect with said
buckle.
14. An anchoring system as described in claim 11, wherein said
insertion portion is offset from said cavity portion, said
insertion portion configured upon installation to secure said
cavity portion against said interior of said facing wall.
15. An anchoring system as described in claim 11, wherein said
backup wall further comprises a layer of insulation whereby upon
installation of said veneer tie, said strap is dimensioned to be
secured against said insulation.
16-20. (canceled)
21. An anchoring system as described in claim 8, further comprising
bends in said one side wire defining said t-type wire
formatives.
22. An anchoring system as described in claim 1, further comprising
bends in said one side wire defining said t-type wire formatives.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention relates to reinforcement and anchor
assemblies for use in masonry backup walls and, in particular,
cavity wall constructs with backup and veneer walls that require
superior anchoring properties. The backup wall reinforcement is a
hybrid anchoring system which includes a reinforcement with an
integrated anchor for connection to an interlocking veneer tie
which provides a 3-axis restraint system, limiting movement and
exterior wall displacement.
[0003] 2. Description of the Prior Art
[0004] Masonry, the building of structures from individual units
laid in and bound together by mortar, is commonly used for the
construction of buildings. Such widespread use is the result of the
high durability, compressive strength, thermal mass and heat
resistance of the masonry building materials. Because masonry
construction requires extensive manual labor and individual
building materials, the quality of the masonry construction is
directly dependent on the type of materials and devices used and
the workmanship of the mason.
[0005] In recent years, attention has been paid to wall
reinforcement for areas that are subjected to external forces such
as high winds and seismic activity. To address a difficulty with
masonry construction, weakness of the horizontal mortar or bed
joints that bond the masonry units together, well-known devices
such as ladder and truss reinforcements are used to augment the
tensile strength of the horizontal mortar joints. Any weakness in
the bed joints resulting from low tensile strength mortar, has been
generally addressed by providing mortar joint reinforcement for
structural stability. The ladder and truss reinforcements have been
historically used to reduce cracking that arises from thermal
stresses, to increase lateral flexural strength, and to enhance the
elasticity and performance of masonry walls under various
stresses.
[0006] Further seismic protection is achieved through the use of a
continuous wire in the veneer masonry walls. In the past, there
have been investigations relating to the effects of various forces,
particularly lateral forces, upon brick veneer construction having
wire formative anchors embedded in the mortar joint of anchored
veneer walls. The seismic aspect of these investigations are
referenced in the first-named inventor's prior patents, namely,
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,875,319 and 5,408,798. Besides earthquake
protection, the failure of several high-rise buildings to withstand
wind and other lateral forces has resulted in the incorporation of
a requirement for continuous wire reinforcement in the Uniform
Building Code provisions.
[0007] The inventors' patents and their assignee's product line
include masonry accessories, namely, ladder and truss
reinforcements, wall anchors, veneer ties, masonry flashing and
related items for cavity walls. These products, which are sold
under the trademarks of Lox All, DW-10X, X-seal, and FlexFlash, are
manufactured by Hohmann & Barnard, Inc., Hauppauge, N.Y. 11788
("H&B"), a unit of MiTek Industres, Inc., a Berkshire Hathaway
subsidiary. The products have become widely accepted in the
construction industry and the inventors have gained particular
insight into the technological needs of the marketplace.
[0008] Recently, there have been significant shifts in public
sector building specifications which have resulted in architects
and architectural engineers requiring larger and larger cavities in
the exterior cavity walls of public buildings. These requirements
are imposed without corresponding decreases in wind shear and
seismic resistance levels or increases in mortar bed joint height.
Thus, the wall anchors needed are restricted to occupying the same
3/8 inch bed joint height in the inner and outer wythes. Thus, the
veneer facing material is tied down over a span of two or more
times that which had previously been experienced. Exemplary of the
public sector building specification is that of the Energy Code
Requirement, Boston, Mass. (See Chapter 13 of 780 CMR, Seventh
Edition). This Code sets forth insulation R-values well in excess
of prior editions and evokes an engineering response opting for
thicker insulation and correspondingly larger cavities.
[0009] Numerous improvements to masonry wall reinforcement have
been made by H&B. In 1976, Hala and Schwalberg of H&B,
received U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,226 for an adjustable wall-tie
reinforcing system which joined reinforcements in inner and outer
wythes with an attached eye and pintle structure. During the period
when the Uniform Building Code developed joint reinforcement
specifications, Hohmann, et al., received U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,200
issued Oct. 3, 1995 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,279,283 issued Aug. 28,
2001. Examples of additional H&B inventions which resolve
complex issues relating to cavity wall construction include U.S.
Pat. Nos. 6,279,283, 6,668,505, 6,789,365, 6,851,239, and
7,325,366. These patents provide veneer anchoring systems for
masonry walls which include reinforcement for cavity walls and have
received widespread usage in the industry. However, none of these
devices offers a hybrid backup wall reinforcement and anchor that
when combined with the disclosed veneer tie provides reinforcement
and 3-axis displacement protection.
[0010] Basic ladder and truss reinforcements are well known in the
art. Exemplary of such basic reinforcements are in a patent to
Stephen Priest, Jr., U.S. Pat. No. 903,000 issued Nov. 3, 1908,
entitled "Wall Tie," which provides a reinforcing ladder device
constructed of twisted wires with one side of the ladder device
embedded in the outer wythe and the other, in the inner wythe.
Similarly, H. Spaight, U.S. Pat. No. 2,300,181 issued Oct. 27,
1942, entitled "Means for Constructing Buildings," teaches a truss
shaped reinforcement device for embedment in either one wythe or in
cavity walls in both withes. More recently, W. Smith in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,183,628 issued May 18, 1965, entitled "Masonry Wall
Reinforcing Means," describes an improvement of the Spaight
invention by teaching truss and ladder reinforcements having
grooves or bosses on the parallel side wires to increase the mortar
bonding therewith. The placement of one of the aforementioned
devices in the horizontal mortar joints enhances the tensile
strength of the horizontal joints.
[0011] The present invention employs a novel hybrid device that
combines an inner wythe or backup wall with a wall anchor that
provides a 3-axis restraint system, which measurably improves the
stability of the overall cavity wall structure. The backup wall
reinforcement anchoring system includes an integrated anchor that
ensures an unbroken connection between these two essential
components and, by integrating the two elements reduces the number
of components at the job site. The integrated anchor is constructed
in a manner to tightly receive a veneer tie and limit movement of
the tie within the anchor. The connection of the anchor and veneer
tie is accomplished without tools through a swinging or twisting
motion. Limiting veneer tie movement protects against movement and
shifting of the exterior wall, which is a cause of structural
damage. Further seismic protection is provided through the
attachment of a reinforcement wire to the veneer tie and set within
the exterior wall. The integrated reinforcement and anchor assembly
reduces the number of bits and pieces brought to the job site and
manual twist-and-drop interengagement simplifies installation.
[0012] In preparing for this application the below-mentioned
patents have become known to the inventors hereof. The following
patents, not previously discussed, are believed to be relevant:
TABLE-US-00001 Patent Inventor Issue Date 3,377,764 Storch Apr. 16,
1968 4,869,038 Catani Sep. 26, 1989 5,392,581 Hatzinikolas et al.
Feb. 28, 1995 6,351,922 Burns et al. Mar. 5, 2002 6,735,915
Johnson, III May 18, 2004 7,152,382 Johnson, III Dec. 26, 2006
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,764--D. Storch--Issued Apr. 16, 1968
Discloses a bent wire, tie-type anchor for embedment in a facing
exterior wythe engaging with a loop attached to a straight wire run
in a backup interior wythe.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 4,869,038--M. J. Catani--Issued Sep. 26, 1989
Discloses a veneer wall anchor system having in the interior wythe
a truss-type anchor, similar to Hala et al. '226, supra, but with
horizontal sheetmetal extensions. The extensions are interlocked
with bent wire pintle-type wall ties that are embedded within the
exterior wythe.
[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 5,392,581--Hatzinikolas et al.--Issued Feb.
28, 1995 Discloses a cavity-wall anchor having a conventional tie
wire for embedment in the brick veneer and an L-shaped sheetmetal
bracket for mounting vertically between side-by-side blocks and
horizontally atop a course of blocks. The bracket has an opening
which is vertically disposed and protrudes into the cavity. The
opening provides for a vertically adjustable anchor.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 6,351,922--Burns et al.--Issued Mar. 5, 2002
Discloses an adjustable wall tie for cavity walls with a tension
anchor and a connected J-shaped single-ended hook.
[0017] U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,735,915 and 7,152,381--Johnson, III--Issued
May 18, 2004 and Dec. 26, 2006, respectively Discloses a masonry
anchoring system for connecting two spaced apart masonry walls. The
anchor includes a ladder or truss type support for positioning on
top of a mortar joint and a bracket that lies in the space between
the two walls. The bracket is designed to receive a connecting
member to connect the two walls.
[0018] Accordingly, while several distinct devices were developed
to provide a connection between the backup and exterior walls, the
current state of the art does not fulfill the need for a hybrid
anchor and reinforcement assembly that provides a 3-axis restraint
system. As described hereinbelow, the present invention provides a
manually assembled, integrated backup wall and anchor assembly with
a veneer tie connector that limits movement in x-, y- and z-axes,
thereby simplifying installation and providing a useful and novel
solution to the aforementioned difficulties.
SUMMARY
[0019] The present invention is a hybrid anchoring system for
cavity walls. The reinforcement is a wire formative with side and
intermediate wires disposed in the backup wall. The reinforcement
is constructed in a ladder or truss configuration and contains an
anchor integral therewith formed from a side wire configured to
extend into the wall cavity. The integrated anchor has leg portions
that extend to form a veneer receptor. The veneer receptor has a
single opening or alternatively two openings. The openings are
formed completely from the side wire or from a combination of the
side wire and an intermediate wire.
[0020] The veneer tie or veneer anchor is a metal stamping designed
to connect with and be secured within the anchor and the exterior
wall bed joint. The veneer tie has a single leg for insertion
within the single-opening anchor or two legs for insertion within
the two chamber anchor. The veneer tie contains an insertion
portion with lower portions continuous with the upper portions that
lock the veneer tie within the anchor preventing veneer
displacement. The veneer tie further includes a free end portion
that spans the cavity and is inserted within the bed joint of the
exterior wall. The veneer tie is constructed to allow the veneer
tie to manually swing into the opening or chambers without the use
of tools. For greater seismic protection, the veneer tie is notched
to secure a reinforcement wire within the veneer tie and the bed
joint of the exterior wall. For greater displacement protection,
the veneer tie section that spans the cavity is offset where the
tie section abuts the interior of the exterior wall.
[0021] An alternative veneer tie or veneer anchor is a metal
stamping designed to connect with and be secured over the anchor
and within the exterior wall bed joint. The alternative veneer tie
contains a slot in the connector portion that is dimensioned to
allow the veneer tie to be placed over the anchor and manually
rotated or twisted 90 degrees for securement on the anchor. The
veneer tie optionally contains a securement notch that snap fits
onto the wall anchor. Upon securement on the anchor, the free end
of the veneer tie spans the cavity and inserted within the bed
joint of the exterior wall. For greater seismic protection, the
veneer tie is notched to secure a reinforcement wire within the
veneer tie and the bed joint of the exterior wall. For greater
displacement protection, the veneer tie section that spans the
cavity is offset where the tie section abuts the interior of the
exterior wall.
[0022] It is an object of the present invention to provide a
manually assembled, integrated reinforcement and anchoring system
for masonry backup walls.
[0023] It is another object of the present invention to provide an
anchoring system that provides a 3-axis restraint system to limit
veneer displacement.
[0024] It is a further object of the present invention to provide
an anchoring system comprising a limited number of component parts
that are economical of manufacture resulting in a low unit
cost.
[0025] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide
an anchoring system which is easy to install and meets seismic and
shear resistance requirements.
[0026] It is another object of the present invention to provide
labor-saving devices to simplify seismic-type installations of
brick and stone veneer and the securement thereof to a backup
wall.
[0027] It is a feature of the present invention that the anchor,
the integrated wall anchor and wall reinforcement are dimensioned
so that, when inserted into the respective mortar layers, the
mortar thereof can flow around the
wall-anchor-to-reinforcement-wire joint.
[0028] It is a further feature of the present invention that the
anchor is formed from the backup wall reinforcement side rails to
accept a veneer tie.
[0029] It is another feature of the present invention that the
anchor is formed to interengage with the veneer tie to provide a
3-axis restraint system.
[0030] Other objects and features of the invention will become
apparent upon review of the drawings and the detailed description
which follows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] In the following drawings, the same parts in the various
views are afforded the same reference designators.
[0032] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a
backup wall reinforcement with a T-type siderail anchoring system
of this invention, including a ladder reinforcement with integral
anchor connected to a veneer tie and reinforcement wire and shows a
cavity wall with a backup wall of masonry block, and a facing wall
of brick veneer;
[0033] FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the ladder reinforcement with
integral anchor of FIG. 1;
[0034] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the veneer tie of FIG.
1;
[0035] FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the integral anchor and a side
view of the veneer tie of FIG. 1;
[0036] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the ladder reinforcement
with integral anchor of FIG. 1 with the veneer tie being swung into
the anchor;
[0037] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a
backup wall reinforcement with T-type siderail system of this
invention including a truss reinforcement with integral anchor
connected to a veneer anchor, shown in an enlarged view, and
reinforcement wire and shows a cavity wall with a backup wall of
masonry block, insulation, and a facing wall of brick veneer;
[0038] FIG. 7 is perspective view of the truss reinforcement with
integral anchor of FIG. 6 with a veneer tie interlocked with the
anchor and connected to a reinforcement wire;
[0039] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the veneer tie of FIG. 6
with a reinforcement wire set therein;
[0040] FIG. 9 is a side view of the veneer tie and reinforcement
wire of FIG. 8 disposed within a cavity wall structure;
[0041] FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the veneer tie of FIG. 8
interlocked with an anchor;
[0042] FIG. 11 is a top plan view of a third embodiment of a backup
wall reinforcement with T-type siderail system of this invention,
including a ladder reinforcement with integral anchor;
[0043] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the veneer tie for use with
the ladder reinforcement with integral anchor of FIG. 11; and
[0044] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the ladder reinforcement
with integral anchor of FIG. 11 with the veneer tie of FIG. 12
being swung into the anchor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0045] Before entering into the detailed Description of the
Preferred Embodiments, several terms are defined, which terms will
be revisited later, when some relevant analytical issues are
discussed. As previously discussed, stronger joint reinforcements
are required in the inner wythe or backup wall to support the
stresses imparted by anchoring the exterior wall or veneer. As
described hereinbelow, this is accomplished while still maintaining
building code requirements for masonry structures, including the
mortar bed joint height specification--most commonly 0.375 inches.
Although thicker gauge wire formatives are used when required for
greater strength, it is still desirable to have the bed joint
mortar cover the wall anchor structure. Thus, the wall
reinforcements are usually structured form 0.148 or 0.187 inch
wire, and, in practical terms, the wire formatives hereof that are
inserted into the bed joints of the inner wythe have a height
limited to approximately 0.187 inch. Further, for the purposes of
this Application the term longitudinal axis as it relates to the
side and intermediate wires of the reinforcement (as further
described and defined below) is defined as shown on the relevant
drawings.
[0046] In the detailed description, the wall reinforcements and the
wall anchors are wire formatives and the veneer tie is a metal
stamping. The wire used in the fabrication of masonry joint
reinforcement conforms to the requirements of ASTM Standard
Specification A9521-00, Table 1. For the purpose of this
application weld shear strength test, tensile strength tests and
yield tests of masonry joint reinforcements are, where applicable,
those denominated in ASTM A-951-00 Standard Specification for
Masonry Joint Reinforcement. In the descriptions of wall anchors
which follow, the wall anchors are extension of the ladder-type or
the truss-type reinforcements. As the attachment methodology
follows that of fabricating the Masonry Joint Reinforcements, the
tests for the wall anchors, except where fixturing is dictated by
configuration, follow the A-951 procedures.
[0047] In the detailed description of the anchoring systems hereof
the various wall anchor embodiments have elements which receive
interlocking or interengaging portions of the veneer ties. The wall
reinforcements and anchors are wire-formatives of varied shapes and
configurations horizontally disposed in the cavity for receiving
and interlocking with veneer ties. The veneer ties are metal
stampings.
[0048] Another term defined for purposes of this application is
wall reinforcement. A wall reinforcement is a continuous length of
Lox All.TM. Truss Mesh or Lox All.TM. Ladder Mesh manufactured by
H&B or equivalent modified to include an integral anchor and
adapted for embedment into the horizontal mortar joints of a
masonry backup wall. The wall reinforcements are prefabricated from
cold-drawn steel wire and have parallel side rods with fused cross
rods or truss components. The wall reinforcements for anchoring
systems are generally structured from wire that is at least 0.148
and 0.187 in diameter. Further, the term masonry block is used to
describe the materials of the backup wall and the exterior wall.
Masonry block is defined to include brick, block, concrete masonry
unit, stone, or any other similar material.
[0049] In the embodiments described herein below, the anchoring
system for cavity walls is detailed. In masonry construction, shown
in the embodiments hereof, utilizing this novel invention provides
greater reinforcement and veneer displacement protection.
[0050] Referring now to FIG. 1 through 5, the first embodiment of
an anchoring system utilizing a backup wall reinforcement with
T-type siderails is shown and is referred to generally by the
numeral 10. In this embodiment, a masonry wall structure 12 is
shown having a backup wall or exterior wythe 14 of masonry blocks
16 and a facing wall, exterior wall or veneer 18 of facing brick or
stone 20. Between the backup wall 14 and the facing wall 18, a
cavity 22 is formed, which cavity 22 extends outwardly from the
interior surface 24 of backup wall 14. The backup wall 14 and the
facing wall 18 have interior surfaces or sides 24 and 17,
respectively that face the cavity 22.
[0051] In this embodiment, successive bed joints 26 and 28 are
formed between courses of blocks 16 and the joints are
substantially planar and horizontally disposed. Also, successive
bed joints 30 and 32 are formed between courses of facing brick 20
and the bed joints are substantially planar and horizontally
disposed. For each structure, the bed joints 26, 28, 30 and 32 are
specified as to the height or thickness of the mortar layer and
such thickness specification is rigorously adhered to so as to
provide the requisite uniformity for quality construction. Selected
bed joint 26 and bed joint 30 are constructed to align, the one
with the other so as to be substantially coplanar. For descriptive
purposes, an x-axis 34 is drawn parallel to the intersection of the
plane just described and the backup wall facial plane.
Additionally, as seen in the drawing, an intersecting vertical line
is drawn through the x-axis 34 to form the y-axis 36. A horizontal
line or z-axis 38, normal to the xy-plane, also passes through the
coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes.
[0052] In the discussion which follows, it will be seen that the
various anchor structures are constructed to restrict movement
interfacially--wythe vs. wythe--along the z-axis 38 and along the
x-axis 34 and y-axis 36. The wall structure 10 includes a
reinforcement device or wall reinforcement portion 48 with an
integral anchor or wall anchor portion 60. The reinforcement device
48 is embedded in the bed joints 26 and 28 and includes two side
rails or wires 50, 52 which are parallel to each other. One or more
intermediate wires 54, 56 are attached to the interior sides or
surfaces of 57, 58 of the side rails 50, 52 and maintain the
parallelism of the side rails 50, 52. The intermediate wires form a
ladder 54, 56 configuration or optionally, a truss configuration
(not shown). The longitudinal axis 15 of the intermediate wires 54,
56 and the side rails 50, 52 is shown on FIG. 2. The side rails 50,
52 and of the intermediate wires 54, 56 are substantially coplanar,
and, when installed all lie in a substantially horizontal
plane.
[0053] The reinforcement device 48 is a hybrid device which
contains an integral anchor or wall anchor portion 60 formed from
the side wire 52. The anchor 60 is designed to extend into the
cavity 22 for connection with a veneer tie or veneer anchor 44. The
anchor 60 contains t-type wire formatives or leg portions 70, 72
and a buckle or veneer tie receptor portion 74 designed to engage a
veneer tie 44. The anchor 60 is designed to form any shape that
would adequately connect with the veneer tie 44. The preferred
shape is elliptical. The interior of the ellipse provides an
opening or receptor 90 for interconnection with the veneer tie 44.
The interior of the veneer tie receptor portion 74 has a
measurement along the minor axis "A" 90. The exterior of the veneer
tie receptor portion 74 has a measurement along the major axis "B"
98.
[0054] To anchor the veneer or outer wythe 18, a veneer tie or
anchor 44 is constructed to interengage with the wall anchor 60.
The veneer tie 44 is a metal stamping which comprises an insertion
portion or strap 45 with an insertion portion or free end portion
47. The strap 45 has an upper portion 78, a lower portion 80, and
an intersecting portion 82 formed at the intersection of the upper
portion 78 and the lower portion 80. The upper portion 78 has a
width measurement "C" 51 measured from end to end. Measurement C 51
is slightly less than dimension A 90 but close enough in width to
allow the insertion end to fit snugly within the anchor to limit
lateral displacement and movement along the z-axis 38 and the
x-axis 34. The lower portion 80 is continuous with the upper
portion 78 and has an intersecting portion 82. The veneer tie 44
has a measurement "D" 84 that is measured from the intersecting
portion 82 to maximum distance of the lower portion 80 when the
lower portion 80 is swung in a circular motion. Measurement D 84 is
less than measurement A 90 to allow the veneer tie 44 to be swung
or twisted and dropped (as shown in FIG. 5) into the wall anchor
60. The lower portion 80 has an end-to-end measurement "E" 92 that
is greater than measurement A 90 and preferably great than
measurement B 98 to ensure that the veneer tie 44 remains locked
within the anchor 60 and cannot, when held horizontal within bed
joint 26 or 28, escape upon vertical displacement. The securement
of the anchor 60 to the veneer tie 44 is accomplished without
tools, lessening the burden on the installer and the number of
parts and devices required to complete the seismic construct.
[0055] The veneer tie 44 contains a free end portion 47. The free
end 47 includes a cavity portion 67 and an insertion portion or bed
joint portion 77. The cavity portion 67 spans the cavity 22 and the
insertion portion is dimensioned for disposition within the bed
joint 30 of the facing wall 18. When inserted in the facing wall
18, the free end 47 is in a substantially horizontal plane with the
bed joint 30. The bed joint portion 77 contains one or more
reinforcement notches 69 to secure a reinforcement wire 71 within
the bed joint portion 77 for embedment in the bed joint 30 of the
facing wall 18. The inclusion of the reinforcement wire 71
completes the seismic construct. The veneer tie 44 optionally
contains an offset (not shown) similar to that shown in the second
embodiment below. The free end 47 optionally contains apertures 73
to limit thermal transfer. Optionally, insulation (not shown) may
be added to the interior 24 of the backup wall 14. If insulation is
installed, the strap 45 abuts the insulation, thereby providing
further anchor 60 and veneer tie 44 support.
[0056] The description which follows is of a second embodiment of
an anchoring system utilizing a backup wall reinforcement with
T-type siderails. For ease of comprehension, where similar parts
are used reference designators "100" units higher are employed.
Thus, the facing wall 118 of the second embodiment is analogous to
the facing wall 18 of the first embodiment. Referring now to FIGS.
6 through 10, the second embodiment of a backup wall reinforcement
with T-type siderails of this invention is shown and is referred to
generally by the numeral 110.
[0057] In this embodiment, a masonry wall structure 112 is shown
having a backup wall 114 of masonry blocks 116 and a facing wall,
exterior wall or veneer 118 of facing brick or stone 120. Between
the backup wall 114 and the facing wall 118, a cavity 122 is
formed, which cavity 122 extends outwardly from the interior or
inner surface 124 of backup wall 114. The backup wall 114 and the
facing wall 118 have interior sides 124, 117, respectively that
face the cavity 122.
[0058] In this embodiment, successive bed joints 126 and 128 are
formed between courses of blocks 116 and the joints are
substantially planar and horizontally disposed. Also, successive
bed joints 130 and 132 are formed between courses of facing brick
120 and the joints are substantially planar and horizontally
disposed. For each structure, the bed joints 126, 128, 130 and 132
are specified as to the height or thickness of the mortar layer and
such thickness specification is rigorously adhered to so as to
provide the uniformity inherent in quality construction. Selected
bed joint 126 and bed joint 130 are constructed to align, that is
to be substantially coplanar, the one with the other line or x-axis
134 and an intersecting vertical line or y-axis 136. A horizontal
line or z-axis 138, normal to the xy-plane, also passes through the
coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes 134,
136.
[0059] In the discussion which follows, it will be seen that the
various anchor structures are constructed to restrict movement
interfacially--wythe vs. wythe--along the z-axis 138 and along the
x-axis 134 and y-axis 136. The wall structure 110 includes a
reinforcement device or wall reinforcement portion 148 with an
integral anchor or wall anchor portion 160. The reinforcement
device 148 is embedded in the bed joints 126 and 128 and includes
two side rails or wires 150, 152 which are parallel to each
other.
[0060] One or more intermediate wires 162, 164 are attached to the
interior sides or surfaces of 157, 158 of the side rails 150, 152
and maintain the parallelism of the side rails 150, 152. The
intermediate wires form a truss 162, 164 or a ladder configuration
(not shown). The side rails 150, 152 and the intermediate wires
162, 164 all lie in a substantially horizontal plane. For the truss
formation, an alternative formation with the intermediate wires
providing a junction 166 with the anchor 160 that strengthens the
reinforcement device 148 through a y-shaped weldment provides extra
weld surface therealong. The longitudinal axis (not shown) of the
intermediate wires 162, 164 and the side rails 150, 152 is
substantially similar to the longitudinal axis 15 shown on FIG. 2.
The side rails 150, 152 and of the intermediate wires 162, 164 are
substantially coplanar, and, when installed all lie in a
substantially horizontal plane.
[0061] The reinforcement device 148 is a hybrid device which
contains an integral anchor or wall anchor portion 160 formed from
the side wire 152. The anchor 160 is designed to extend into the
cavity 122 for connection with a veneer tie or veneer anchor 144.
The anchor 160 contains t-type wire formatives or leg portions 170,
172 and a buckle or veneer tie receptor portion 174 designed to
engage a veneer tie 144. The legs 170, 172 form a throat 182. The
throat 182 has a width measurement E 184 measured from the exterior
186 of one leg 170 to the exterior 188 of the other leg 172 lying
in a substantially similar plane.
[0062] The anchor 160 is designed to form any shape that would
adequately connect with the veneer tie 144. The preferred shape is
elliptical. The interior of the ellipse provides an optional
opening or receptor 199 for optional secondary securement with the
veneer tie receptor 174. The exterior of the veneer tie receptor
portion 174 has a measurement along the major axis "B" 198.
[0063] To anchor the veneer or outer wythe 118, a veneer tie or
anchor 144 is constructed to interengage with the wall anchor 160.
The veneer tie 144 is a metal stamping. The veneer tie 144 provides
an interlocking portion or strap 177 continuous with an insertion
or free end portion 179. The interlocking portion 177 contains a
slot 181 set completely within the interlocking portion 177. The
slot 181 may take a number of forms with the preferred form being
slightly larger than measurement E 184 and B 198. The slot 181 is
dimensioned, to be compatible upon installation on the anchor 160
through an insertion and twisting motion or upon emplacement and
rotation, so that is can be interlocked with the anchor 160 and
secured in a horizontal manner. The slot 181 has a longitudinal
length measured from the top 185 to the bottom 187 of the slot 181.
The longitudinal width of the slot 181 is greater than the
measurement B 198. The slot 181 has a latitudinal width measured
from the greatest distance between the latitudinal sides 191, 193.
The latitudinal width is greater than measurement E 184 and smaller
than dimension B 198. For connection to the anchor 160, the slot
181 is placed over the anchor 160 and manually rotated 90 degrees
to fit securely over the anchor 160 and locked into place. The
securement of the anchor 160 to the veneer tie 144 is accomplished
without tools, lessening the burden on the installer and the number
of parts and devices required to complete the seismic construct.
Once connected to the anchor, the veneer tie 144 restricts x-, y-
and z-axes movement.
[0064] The veneer tie 144 free end portion 179 contains a cavity
portion 147 that spans the cavity 122 and an insertion portion or
bed joint portion 175 that is inserted into the bed joint 130 of
the facing wall 118. Upon securement of the veneer tie 144 to the
anchor 160, the free end 179 lies in a substantially horizontal
plane with the bed joint 130 of the exterior wall 118. The bed
joint portion 175 contains one or more reinforcement notches 169 to
secure a reinforcement wire 171 within the free end portion 179 for
embedment in the bed joint 130 of the facing wall 118. The
inclusion of the reinforcement wire 171 completes the seismic
construct.
[0065] The veneer tie 144 optionally contains an offset 197 in the
cavity portion 147. The offset 197 is configured to occur at the
point where the cavity portion 147 meets the cavity wall 122. The
offset 197 locks the veneer tie 144 in place and further restricts
movement. The free end 179 optionally contains holes or offsets 173
to limit thermal transfer. Optionally, insulation 123 may be added
to the interior 124 of the backup wall 117. If insulation 123 is
installed, the interlocking portion 177 abuts the insulation 123,
thereby providing further anchor 160 and veneer tie 144 support.
Another optional feature of the free end portion 179 is a
securement notch 199 which is formed from the free end portion 179
and designed to interconnect with the anchor 160 providing even
greater stability. The securement of the anchor 160 to the veneer
tie 144 is accomplished without tools, lessening the burden on the
installer and the number of parts and devices required to complete
the seismic construct.
[0066] The description which follows is of a third embodiment of an
anchoring system utilizing a backup wall reinforcement with T-type
siderails. For ease of comprehension, where similar parts are used
reference designators "200" units higher are employed. Thus, the
wall reinforcement portion 48 of the first embodiment and the wall
reinforcement portion 148 of the second embodiment are analogous to
the wall reinforcement portion 248 of the third embodiment.
[0067] Referring now to FIGS. 11 through 13, the third embodiment
of a backup wall reinforcement with T-type siderails of this
invention is shown and is referred to generally by the numeral 210.
In this embodiment, a cavity wall structure is not shown but is
substantially similar to the cavity wall structure shown in FIGS. 1
and 6. The anchoring system 210 includes a reinforcement device or
wall reinforcement portion 248 with an integral anchor or wall
anchor portion 260. The reinforcement device 248 is embedded in the
bed joints and includes two side rails or wires 250, 252 which are
parallel to each other. One or more intermediate wires 254, 256 are
attached to the interior sides or surfaces of 257, 258 of the side
rails 250, 252 and maintain the parallelism of the side rails 250,
252. The intermediate wires form a ladder 254, 256 configuration or
optionally, a truss configuration (not shown). The longitudinal
axis of the intermediate wires 254, 256 and the side rails 250, 252
is substantially similar to that shown on FIG. 2. The side rails
250, 252 and of the intermediate wires 254, 256 are substantially
coplanar, and, when installed all lie in a substantially horizontal
plane.
[0068] The reinforcement device 248 is a hybrid device which
contains an integral anchor or wall anchor portion 260 formed from
the side wire 252. The anchor 260 is designed to extend into the
wall cavity for connection with a veneer tie or veneer anchor 244.
The anchor 260 contains t-type wire formatives or leg portions 270,
272, 273 and a buckle or veneer tie receptor portion 274 divided
into two sections 221, 223 and designed to engage a veneer tie 244.
The leg portion 273 is formed from the intermediate wire 256. The
anchor 260 is designed to form any shape that would adequately
connect with the veneer tie 244. The preferred shape is elliptical.
The interior of the veneer tie receptor portion 274 has
measurements along the minor axes "A" 290 and "A1" 291. The
exterior of the veneer tie receptor portion 274 has a measurement
along the major axis "B" 298.
[0069] To anchor the veneer or outer wythe, a veneer tie or anchor
244 is constructed to interengage with the wall anchor 260. The
veneer tie 244 is a metal stamping which comprises insertion
portions or straps 245, 249 and an insertion portion or free end
portion 247. The straps 245, 249 have upper portions 278, 279 lower
portions 280, 281 and intersecting portions 282, 283 formed at the
intersection of the upper portions 278, 279 and the lower portions
280, 281. The lower portions 280, 281 are continuous with the upper
portions 278, 279 and have intersecting portions 282, 283. The
upper portions 278, 279 have a width measurement that is slightly
less than the measurement A 290 and measurement A1 291 to allow for
insertion and limit lateral displacement. The lower portions 280,
281 are larger than the measurements A 290 and A1 291 and have a
combined measurement that is preferably greater than measurement B
298 to ensure the veneer tie 144 is locked within the anchor
260.
[0070] To allow for insertion of the veneer tie 244 into the anchor
260 measurements "C" 251 and "C1" 253 (measured from the
intersecting portions 282, 283 to the maximum distance of the lower
portions 280, 281 when the lower portions 280, 281 are swung or
twisted and dropped in a circular motion) are slightly less than
measurement A 290 and measurement A1 291 but close enough in width
to allow the insertion end to fit snugly within the anchor to limit
lateral displacement and movement along the z-axis 238 and x-axis
234. The securement of the anchor 260 to the veneer tie 244 is
accomplished without tools, lessening the burden on the installer
and the number of parts and devices required to complete the
seismic construct.
[0071] The veneer tie 244 free end portion 247 includes a cavity
portion 267 and an insertion portion or bed joint portion 277. The
cavity portion 267 spans the cavity and the bed joint portion 277
is dimensioned for disposition within the bed joint of the facing
wall. When inserted in the facing wall, the free end 247 is in a
substantially horizontal plane with the bed joint. The bed joint
portion 277 contains one or more reinforcement notches 269 to
secure a reinforcement wire (not shown) within the bed joint
portion 277 for embedment in the bed joint of the facing wall. The
inclusion of the reinforcement wire completes the seismic
construct. The veneer tie 244 optionally contains an offset (not
shown) similar to that shown in the second embodiment. The free end
247 optionally contains apertures 273 to limit thermal transfer.
Optionally, insulation (not shown) may be added to the interior of
the backup wall. If insulation is installed, the straps 245 abut
the insulation, thereby providing further anchor 260 and veneer tie
244 support.
[0072] The anchoring system of this invention provides greater
seismic and sheer protection than the prior art through the use of
a hybrid reinforcement and anchor device with an interlocking
veneer tie. The present device achieves this advancement through
the use of a 3-axis restraint system between the anchor and the
veneer tie.
[0073] The anchoring system utilizes only three components, the
reinforcement/anchor, veneer tie and reinforcement wire to obtain
the 3-axis restraint system and reinforcement and seismic
protection. The limited number of manually installed components
provides an easy to install economical solution providing a
significant improvement over the prior art.
[0074] Because many varying and different embodiments may be made
within the scope of the inventive concept herein taught, and
because many modifications may be made in the embodiments herein
detailed in accordance with the descriptive requirement of the law,
it is to be understood that the details herein are to be
interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *