U.S. patent application number 13/868744 was filed with the patent office on 2013-09-05 for exercise device.
This patent application is currently assigned to P Tech, LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is P TECH, LLC. Invention is credited to Peter M. Bonutti.
Application Number | 20130231226 13/868744 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37083825 |
Filed Date | 2013-09-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130231226 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bonutti; Peter M. |
September 5, 2013 |
EXERCISE DEVICE
Abstract
The present invention provides a system and method of exercise
utilizing fluid containing bladders. The bladders may be in
communication with each other so that compression of one bladder
causes the fluid to be transferred to a neighboring bladder. The
system may be used to exercise complementary muscle groups.
Additionally, the system may be adjustable to provide different
workout levels or so that the device can be used to exercise a
variety of muscle groups.
Inventors: |
Bonutti; Peter M.; (Delray
Beach, FL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
P TECH, LLC |
Effingham |
IL |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
P Tech, LLC
Effingham
IL
|
Family ID: |
37083825 |
Appl. No.: |
13/868744 |
Filed: |
April 23, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11101942 |
Apr 8, 2005 |
7207930 |
|
|
13868744 |
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|
11692270 |
Mar 28, 2007 |
8425385 |
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11101942 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
482/112 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 2225/15 20130101;
A63B 21/0004 20130101; A63B 21/008 20130101; A63B 23/0494 20130101;
A63B 2209/10 20130101; A63B 21/00061 20130101; A63B 2220/56
20130101; A63B 21/0085 20130101; A63B 2208/0233 20130101; A63B
22/02 20130101; A63B 21/00065 20130101; A63B 23/1281 20130101; A63B
21/028 20130101; A63B 2210/50 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/112 |
International
Class: |
A63B 21/008 20060101
A63B021/008 |
Claims
1. An exercise device comprising: a first member configured to
apply a first resistance force to a first tissue during flexion of
the first tissue to enhance a flexion force applied by the first
tissue; and a second member configured to apply a second resistance
force to a second tissue during flexion of the first tissue,
wherein the first and second resistance forces are configured to
systematically exercise the first and second tissues.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first and second tissues
include agonist muscles.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the muscles include a chest and
an upper back
4. The device of claim 2, wherein the muscles include an abdominal
and a lower back.
5. The device of claim 2, wherein the muscles include a quadricep
and a hamstring.
6. The device of claim 2, wherein the muscles include a bicep and a
tricep.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the first or second member is
responsive to an electric field.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the first or second resistance
force increases with an increase in the intensity of the electric
field.
9. The device of claim 1, further comprising a transducer to
measure the first or second resistance force.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein the first or second member
includes a gel.
11. An exercise device comprising: a first member configured to
apply a first resistance force at or over a first tissue during
flexion of the first tissue to enhance a flexion force applied by
the first tissue; and a second member configured to apply a second
resistance force at or over a second tissue during flexion of the
first tissue, wherein the first and second resistance forces are
configured to systematically exercise the first and second
tissues.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the first and second tissues
include agonist muscles.
13. The device of claim 11, wherein the first or second tissue
includes a muscle of a chest, upper back, abdominal, lower back,
quadricep, hamstring, bicep, or tricep.
14. The device of claim 11, wherein the first or second member is
configured to respond to an electric field.
15. The device of claim 14, wherein the first or second resistance
force increases with an increase in the intensity of the electric
field.
16. The device of claim 11, further comprising a transducer to
measure the first or second resistance force.
17. The device of claim 11, wherein the first or second member
includes a gel.
18. An exercise device comprising: a first member configured to
apply a resistance force to a tissue during flexion of the tissue
to enhance a flexion force by the tissue; and a second member
configured to respond to an electrical field to increase the
resistance force applied to the tissue, wherein the first and
second members are configured to enhance exercise of the
tissue.
19. The device of claim 18, wherein the tissue includes a muscle of
a chest, upper back, abdominal, lower back, quadricep, hamstring,
bicep, or tricep.
20. The device of claim 18, further comprising a transducer to
measure the resistance force.
21. The device of claim 18, wherein the first or second member
includes a gel.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation of U.S.
application Ser. No. 11/692,270 filed Mar. 28, 2007, now U.S. Pat.
No. 8,425,385, entitled RESISTANCE THERAPY, which is a continuation
of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/101,942 filed Apr. 8, 2005, now
U.S. Pat. No. 7,207,930, entitled EXERCISE DEVICE, each of which
are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
FIELD
[0002] The invention relates to an exercise system and method
utilizing expandable bladders to provide resistive forces to the
muscles being exercised.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Exercise has long been known to be beneficial for people of
all ages. In the past, many people were able to exercise simply by
carrying out routine daily tasks that previously were labor
intensive. The modern age, however, has succeeded in eliminating
many "inconveniences" of life that involved physical exertion, and
consequently there has been an increasing need for people to find
other ways to exercise in order to achieve better health.
[0004] Today, a wide variety of exercise equipment is available for
helping people achieve better health. Some devices and equipment
help people achieve a cardiovascular workout, while other devices
and equipment allow people to focus on muscle toning,
strengthening, and development. Devices and equipment designed for
muscle strength and development typically involve a muscle or
muscle group applying a force in opposition to a resisting
mechanical force generated by the exercise device. Thus, current
devices and equipment can be highly specialized for the development
of a particular muscle or muscle group.
[0005] While the ability to focus on a particular muscle or muscle
group is beneficial, this specialization often neglects to allow
for development of complementary muscle groups. Complimentary
muscle groups include muscles that allow a person to move a part of
their body and then return it to an original position. One example
of complimentary muscle groups are biceps and triceps, which allow
a person to bend their arm and then extend it again. Typically,
exercise equipment that specializes in developing bicep muscles are
not targeted for developing triceps without either modification of
the equipment, repositioning of the exerciser, or both. Free
weights useful for developing biceps, for example, may be too heavy
for tricep development and would require an exerciser to choose
which muscle group to develop during any set of exercises. As a
result of this specialization, often people need to use multiple
devices or complex exercise systems in order to strengthen or
develop these complementary muscle groups.
[0006] Some exercise equipment requires a relatively uniform amount
of exertion throughout the entire range of motion. Free weights,
for example, provide the same weight resistance regardless of how
far they have been lifted. Other exercise machines provide for
variable resistance over the range of motion in which they are
used. For example, some exercise machines simulating bench presses
of weights may use camming mechanisms to vary the mechanical
advantage given by the machine to the exerciser as the bar or grip
is moved by the exerciser's arm extension. Thus, as an exerciser
exerts a force to move the bar or grip, the machine can be designed
to become progressively more difficult or more easy to move.
Likewise, the use of a spring in an exercise device can result in
requiring progressively increasing forces in order to further
compress the device.
[0007] While such devices have been effective in some ways, they
also suffer from disadvantages. Such machines tend to be large,
being of high weight and requiring a large amount of space. These
machines may also be difficult to use, requiring not only weight
adjustment, but also adjusting the position of the user.
[0008] Another problem with such devices, or the use of
conventional weights, is one of safety and convenience. If an
exerciser lifts free weights connected to a bar, for example,
relaxation of the muscles exercised during lifting may cause the
weights to fall and injure the exerciser. Thus, it is difficult for
a person exercising by such methods to safely stop in the middle of
an exercise stroke, as the weights must be returned to a resting
position.
SUMMARY
[0009] The present invention provides a system and method of
exercise utilizing expandable bladders. One or more of the bladders
may define a reservoir that holds a fluid that can be at least
partially transferred from one chamber or bladder to another.
Alternatively, one or more of the expandable bladders may have
compressible fluid or gasses inside that, when compressed, provide
resistance to exercise the user's muscles.
[0010] One potential benefit of the devices of the present
invention is that they may be small in size. In addition, some
embodiments of the invention do not require heavy weights in order
to achieve adequate resistance for muscle development. These
features of the present invention may be implemented in a manner
that also allows the devices to be easily transported or
conveniently stored when not in use. Alternatively, the entire
device, or just the patient contacting portion, can be made as a
single-use disposable device. This minimizes, if not eliminates,
the risk of disease transmission. Regardless of whether disposable
or reusable, the size of devices according to the present invention
allows use in a confined space, like an airplane, or other
locations where the use of traditional exercise equipment would not
be feasible.
[0011] Additionally, it is believed that several embodiments of the
present invention also are safer to operate than some current
exercise equipment. In this regard, the present invention can be
used for low-impact work outs. Such work outs are particularly
useful for disabled individuals, such as a stroke patient,
partially bed ridden patients, or patients recovering (or as part
of a post-operative therapy program) from surgery. Another
application of the present invention is to build bone mass, for
example, to delay the progression of osteoporosis.
[0012] One embodiment of the present invention involves a series of
fluidly connected expandable bladders to provide resistive forces
to the muscles being exercised. Two or more bladders may be
connected, for instance by apertures or tubes that allow air or
other fluid to be transferred therethrough. In this embodiment, the
system includes a first bladder having a first stiffness and a
second bladder having a second stiffness, wherein the second
stiffness is greater than the first stiffness.
[0013] As a result, it is possible to achieve different levels of
resistance from the exercise device in this embodiment depending
upon which portion is being utilized or compressed. In particular,
a first force is needed to compress the first bladder in order to
force air or other fluid into the second bladder, while a second,
different force is needed to compress the second bladder in order
to force air or other fluid into the first bladder. The bladders
may be configured or oriented so that compression of a first
bladder helps a user develop a first muscle group, while
compression of the second bladder helps develop a second muscle
group. Preferably the second muscle group is complementary to the
first group.
[0014] Upon removal of the compressive force, the expanded bladder
compresses or returns toward its original shape by forcing some of
the fluid back to the other bladder until reaching an equilibrium
condition. The tube or aperture providing fluid communication
between two or more expandable bladders also may be configured to
partially restrict flow from one bladder to another. This may
extend the time needed for the bladders to return to an equilibrium
state. Restriction of flow between two or more bladders can be
achieved, for instance, simply by providing a small aperture that
allows for a more gradual transfer of fluid or gas from one bladder
to another.
[0015] Alternatively, the aperture or tube may be formed from
elastic material so that flow therethrough is substantially or
fully restricted until the pressure gradient exceeds a desired
level. In this configuration, a person using the device would need
to impart a first force in order to displace some or all of the
fluid or gas in a bladder, and then would need to impart a second,
potentially smaller force in order to maintain equilibrium of the
compressed device. As the force applied is reduced, pressure in the
expanded bladder may cause the aperture to expand or open to allow
the air or fluid to return to the previously compressed
bladder.
[0016] In yet another alternative embodiment, the bladders need not
be in fluid communication with each other. Instead, the bladders
may be capable of surrounding a compressible gas, such as air, so
that resistance by each bladder is achieved either by the
compression of the gas, the resilient expansion of the bladder
material, or both.
[0017] The bladder system can be incorporated into an exercise
device or machine to work any muscle group, including, arm, leg,
chest, back, shoulder, abdominal, or neck muscles. As mentioned
above, and discussed more fully below, the system also may be
useful in allowing complimentary muscle groups to be exercised.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] A more complete understanding of the present invention, and
the attendant advantages and features thereof, will be more readily
understood by reference to the following detailed description when
considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
wherein:
[0019] FIG. 1 depicts a bladder exercise system of the present
invention;
[0020] FIG. 2 depicts the bladder exercise system of FIG. 1 with an
additional restrictive band disposed around a bladder;
[0021] FIG. 3 depicts the bladder exercise system of FIG. 1 acted
upon by a compressive force;
[0022] FIG. 4 depicts the bladder exercise system of FIG. 1
including a control valve:
[0023] FIG. 5 depicts the bladder exercise system or FIG. 1
including a fill valve;
[0024] FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment where one or
more bladders may be selective removed from the exercise
system;
[0025] FIG. 7 depicts a bladder exercise system of the present
invention including multiple serially linked bladders;
[0026] FIG. 8 depicts a bladder exercise system of the present
invention including multiple linked bladders;
[0027] FIG. 9 depicts an exercise system including multiple bladder
exercise systems;
[0028] FIG. 10 depicting an bladder exercise system including
accordion bladders;
[0029] FIG. 11 depicts an alternative bladder exercise system of
the present invention;
[0030] FIG. 12 depicts the accordion bladder system of FIG. 11 in a
first position;
[0031] FIG. 13 depicts the accordion bladder system of FIG. 11 in a
second position;
[0032] FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of exercising opposing
muscles on a limb;
[0033] FIGS. 15A-B are schematic representations of a first
embodiment for exercising agonist and antagonist muscles of
opposite limbs;
[0034] FIGS. 16A-B are schematic representations of a second
embodiment for exercising agonist and antagonist muscles of
opposite limbs;
[0035] FIGS. 17A-B are schematic representations of exercising the
same muscles on opposite limbs;
[0036] FIG. 18 depicts a cuff bladder exercise system of the
present invention;
[0037] FIG. 19 depicts a sectional view of the cuff bladder
exercise system of FIG. 18;
[0038] FIG. 20 depicts the cuff bladder exercise system of FIG. 19
in use during a bicep exercise;
[0039] FIG. 21 depicts the cuff bladder exercise system of FIG. 19
in use during an abdominal exercise;
[0040] FIG. 22 depicts an adjustable cuff bladder exercise system
of the present invention;
[0041] FIG. 23 depicts the cuff bladder exercise system of FIG. 19
including multiple serial bladders; and
[0042] FIG. 24 depicts the cuff bladder exercise system of FIG. 19
including multiple stacked bladders.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0043] The present invention provides a system and method of
exercise utilizing expandable bladders. The bladder system can be a
stand-alone exercise device or alternatively may be incorporated
into another device or machine to work muscles for arms, legs,
chest, back, shoulder, abdomen, or the neck.
[0044] Referring now to the drawing figures, FIG. 1 illustrates one
embodiment of a bladder system 10 of the present invention that
uses a plurality of fluidly connected bladders to provide resistive
forces to the muscles being exercised. The bladder system 10
includes first and second bladders 12 and 14 in fluid communication
with each other, such as through a tube 16. Alternatively, portions
of the expandable bladders may be disposed adjacent to each other
to define one or more apertures through which a fluid may travel.
Unless indicated otherwise herein, the term "fluid" may include air
or other gases in addition to liquids.
[0045] Returning once again to the embodiment of FIG. 1, a
compressible or non-compressible fluid 18 is disposed within the
bladders 12 and 14, such that a compression of one of the bladders
12 or 14 forces the fluid 18 through the tube 16 into the opposite
bladder 12 or 14. It is also contemplated by the present invention
that a malleable foam, gelatin, or other similar material can be
placed in either or both of bladders 12 and 14. Such a material
could occupy all or part of the volume of the bladder(s) and could
be used either with or without the fluid.
[0046] The size, shape, construction, physical or material
properties, and composition of the expandable bladders may be
varied according to a desired use or performance of the exercise
device. For example, while the bladders 12 and 14 shown in FIG. 1
are substantially similar in size and shape, one bladder may be
configured to be substantially larger than the other. For instance,
one bladder may have a volume of about 1.5 times or greater the
volume of the other bladder under similar conditions of fluid
pressure. Alternatively, the difference in volume of one bladder
may be about 2 times or greater than the volume of another bladder,
or may even differ by more than 4 times the volume of the
other.
[0047] Providing a difference in bladder volumes is one way to
achieve a different level of resistance that can be created when
exerting pressure on the device during exercise. For instance, it
is believed that the amount of exertion required to compress the
smaller bladder, or to displace fluid from the smaller bladder into
the larger one, will be less than the amount of exertion that may
be required to compress the larger bladder a similar amount, or to
displace a similar amount of fluid from the larger bladder into the
smaller one.
[0048] Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed
that the reason for this difference in required exertion to
displace similar amounts of fluid is that the relative increase in
volumes required to accommodate the increase in fluid will be
different. In other words, the smaller bladder will need to expand
more than the larger bladder for a given amount of additional
fluid, and therefore it will provide greater resistance to
expansion. Thus, the resulting difference in resistance that can be
achieved may be tailored to provide different workout levels from
the same device. This feature may be beneficial when one muscle
group is capable of exerting greater force than a complimentary
muscle group.
[0049] Likewise, the shapes of the bladders may be designed to
provide different amounts of resistance to a given increase of
fluid or pressure. For example, while the shapes of the bladders
shown in FIG. 1 are generally rounded or perhaps spherical, it is
also possible that one or more of the bladders may be oblong in
shape. As the pressure or fluid level increases, the mid-section of
the oblong shape initially may expand more readily. The bladders
may have other shapes as well, such as a pancake shape, an
accordion shape, a belt or tubular shape, or the like.
[0050] The construction of the bladders also may be varied to
provide different levels of resistance. For instance, the wall
thickness of one bladder may be greater than the wall thickness of
another bladder. In one embodiment, the wall thickness of one
bladder is about 1.25 times or greater than the wall thickness of a
second bladder. Greater differences in wall thickness may be used
to provide even greater differences in resistance. For example, in
one embodiment the wall thickness of one bladder may be about 2
times or greater, or even about 3 times or greater, than the wall
thickness of a second bladder. U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,457, the
contents of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein,
also discloses other manners in which bladders can be provided to
have different resistances or flexibilities.
[0051] Once the potential value of utilizing different bladder wall
thicknesses for the present invention is understood from the
discussion above, skilled artisans would appreciate that there can
be several ways that these different wall thicknesses can be
achieved. For instance, a bladder may be formed of multiple layers,
or plies, of material. Thus, in an embodiment where one bladder
wall thickness is about 2 times or greater than another bladder
wall thickness, the first bladder may be formed by forming an
additional layer of material over a first layer. The use of
multi-ply constructions also allows the material and/or physical
properties of one ply or layer to differ from the properties of
another layer.
[0052] In another embodiment, the walls of the bladders may be
constructed to include reinforcing fibers. The material used to
form the reinforcing fibers may have a different modulus of
elasticity (E) than that of the material used to form the bladders.
The difference in modulus of elasticity may be used to provide even
greater differences in resistance between the bladders. For
example, in one embodiment the wall of one bladder include fibers
having a modulus of elasticity of about 2 times or greater, or even
about 3 times or greater, than the modulus of elasticity of a
second bladder.
[0053] In another alternative embodiment, a second layer of
material formed around a bladder need not fully cover the first
layer. As shown in FIG. 2, for example, a second layer may form a
restrictive band 18 around only a portion or region of a bladder
12. The restrictive band 18 may be designed to be removable and
interchangeable with one or more other restrictive bands having
varying degrees of resistance. Additionally, the bands may be
configured to fit over more than one expandable bladder. In this
manner, a user of the device may further customize the degree of
resistance of one or more expandable bladders by selecting from a
plurality of bands.
[0054] The physical properties of the materials used to form an
exercise device of the present invention also may be selected to
provide a desired level of resistance. For example, the modulus of
elasticity E of material used to form one bladder may be about 1.25
times greater or more than the modulus of elasticity of material
used to form another bladder. Once again, the difference in modulus
of elasticity may be even more pronounced, such as by 1.5 times or
more, or by 2 times or more, depending on the degree of different
resistance that is desired.
[0055] Likewise, the elasticity of one expandable bladder may be
greater than the elasticity of another expandable bladder to
provide different resistance. For example, the elasticity of
material used to form a first bladder wall may be about 1.5 times
or greater than the elasticity of a material used to form a second
bladder wall. In other embodiments, this difference may be about 3
times greater, or even about 5 times greater.
[0056] It is believed that many different materials may be used to
make devices of the present invention. By way of illustration,
components of the present invention may be formed from urethanes,
natural or synthetic rubbers, or the like. Preferably, the
materials used to form the expandable bladders are elastomeric
material that can stretch or expand and then substantially return
to its original shape once pressure is released.
[0057] Additionally, the components of the present invention may be
formed from a biodegradable material. It is contemplated that the
present invention may be provided as a disposable exercise device.
As a disposable device, the present invention could have a limited
useful life, after which the device is easily disposed and
reclaimed.
[0058] It should be understood that any selection of potential
variations described above may be used either in combination with
other variations or on its own. Thus, it is not necessary that any
embodiment of this invention utilizes every variation to create a
difference in resistance. In fact, many of the design elements
described above may be "neutralized" from creating a noticeable
difference in resistance between two expandable bladders. This can
be achieved by making the design factor substantially the same for
one bladder as another (e.g., bladder wall thickness, shape, and
size may be relatively the same while other design elements are
varied). In addition, in some instances it may be desirable for the
design and performance of one bladder to be substantially the same
as another expandable bladder.
[0059] Another way to express the differences in resistive forces
that may result from design variations between expandable bladders
is by stiffness or by effective spring constant of each bladder.
For example, regardless of how the variations are achieved, it is
preferred that one expandable bladder has an effective spring
constant k.sub.1 that is different from the effective spring
constant k.sub.2 of a second expandable bladder. Hooke's Law
defines a spring constant k as the ratio of an applied static force
to the linear displacement of a spring. Regardless of how the
differences are characterized (e.g., resistance level, stiffness,
effective spring constant, etc.), it is preferred that the
differences are at least about 10 percent or greater, and more
preferably the bladder designs result in a difference of about 25
percent or more. In some cases, a more pronounced difference may be
desired, such as differing by about 50 percent or more, or even by
about 100 percent or more (i.e., one bladder requires twice as much
force to be exerted on it in order to achieve the same effect).
[0060] FIG. 3 illustrates the effect of exerting a compressive
force F.sub.1 on the first bladder 12 of one embodiment of the
invention. The compressive force F.sub.1 causes the fluid from the
first bladder 12 to travel through tube 16 and into the second
bladder 14. In response to the additional fluid, the second bladder
14 may expand to accommodate the additional volume. Alternatively,
the fluid in the first and second bladders may be compressible gas,
such as air or nitrogen. Thus, some embodiments of the invention
may utilize a compressible fluid and one or more relatively
non-expandable bladders so that exertion of a compressive force
F.sub.1 may reduce the internal volume of one or more bladders.
[0061] Returning to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, upon removal of
the compressive force F.sub.1, the second bladder 14 contracts and
eventually may return to approximate its initial shape and size.
The higher pressure exerted by either the expanded wall of the
second bladder, the compressed of gas inside the bladder, or both,
results in the contraction of the second bladder 14 and expansion
of the first bladder 12. In turn, this causes fluid from the second
bladder 14 to travel into the first bladder 12 as the device
returns to an equilibrium position.
[0062] The bladder system 10 of the present invention provides a
resistance profile R to the compressive force F1. Initially, to
force fluid from the first bladder 12 into the second bladder 14
the compressive force F1 exerted by a user must be equal to or
greater than a threshold force TF. The threshold force TF is the
force required to initiate expansion of the second bladder 14. This
relationship is more likely to be observed where the fluid is
liquid or relatively incompressible, but may be less likely
observed if the fluid itself can be compressed. In cases where
compressible fluid is present, the fluid may initially compress
until reaching a level of pressure that meets or exceeds the
threshold force of the second bladder. In general, the threshold
force TF may be dependent on the elasticity or effective spring
constant k of the second bladder 14. Thus, a low elasticity or high
effective spring constant k.sub.2 will likely result in a higher
threshold force TF, while a high elasticity or low stiffness
k.sub.2 is likely to result in a lower threshold force TF needed
before the second bladder expands.
[0063] Upon exceeding the threshold force TF, the second bladder 14
will begin to expand, still providing a resistance against the
compressive force F.sub.1. The resistance profile R can be a
uniform resistance, where the stiffness k.sub.2 and/or size of the
second bladder 14 are selected to provide a relatively uniform
resistance. Alternatively, the stiffness k.sub.2 and/or size of the
second bladder 14 may be selected to provide an increasing or
decreasing resistance profile R.
[0064] Additionally, the tube 16 or aperture between two bladders
may also be configured to resist the compressive force F1. For
example, the diameter of the tube 18 can be selected to restrict
the rate at which fluid can be transferred from one bladder to
another. Whereas a relatively large diameter tube 16 may impart
only negligible restriction on fluid flow, a small cross-sectional
area and longer length connection between two bladders may
significantly increases pressure losses during transfer of fluid
from one location to another.
[0065] One feature that can be obtained by utilizing a connection
that at least partially restricts fluid flow is that sudden
relaxation of muscles by the exerciser need not result in the
device suddenly and immediately returning to its original shape.
Instead, there may be a more gradual return to equilibrium. For
instance, in one embodiment, restricted fluid flow that results
from full removal of compressive force may result in the delaying
the return to initial shape of the device by about 0.25 seconds or
more. In other embodiments, the restriction in fluid flow results
in an even greater delay, such as about 0.5 seconds or more, about
1 second or more, or even about 5 seconds or more. These delays can
be used to help ensure safe operation of the device. In addition
the ability to control the rate at which fluid flows through the
tube 16 or aperture also may be beneficial in customizing the
resistance that a user will experience from the device during a
workout.
[0066] The viscosity of the fluid 18 also may be used to control
the resistance of the exercise device. The fluid viscosity is
selected to provide a specific maximum flow rate through the tube
16. A more viscous fluid will have a decreased flow rate, providing
a greater resistance. A less viscous fluid will have an increased
flow rate, providing a decreased resistance. The benefits that may
be obtained from selecting viscosity of the fluid to achieve a
desired maximum flow rate are similar to the benefits described
above for restricting fluid flow by choosing an appropriate
cross-sectional area for the aperture or tube 16 connecting two
bladders.
[0067] Referring to FIG. 4, the fluid connection between two
bladders may be configured so that the connection has a variable
cross-section through which fluid may flow. That is, the size of
opening between two bladders may be changed to control the rate at
which fluid flows between them. As illustrated in FIG. 4, one way
the cross-section may be varied is by operation of a valve 20 or
similar device capable of selectively changing the size of the
opening between the two devices. The valve 20 may be manually
controlled or adjusted or alternatively may be operatively
connected to an automated control system. In addition, the fluid
connection 16 between bladders may be expandable. Thus, the
connection may initially be small, or perhaps even substantially
closed, but can expand in response to an increased pressure
differential from one side of the connection to the other.
[0068] Thus, the bladder system 10 may include a control valve for
regulating the diameter of tube 16 or flow of the fluid. In a fully
open position, the tube 16 has a maximum diameter allowing for a
maximum flow rate of the fluid 18. In a closed position, the
control valve 20 minimizes the diameter of the tube 16, resulting
in a minimum flow rate of the fluid through the tube 16. In one
embodiment, the valve may be fully closed to substantially restrict
or prevent any fluid flow. An exemplary control valve 20 includes a
housing positioned about the tube 16. A threaded member may then be
screwed into a threaded orifice in the housing. Rotation of the
threaded member gradually causes the cross section of the tube 16
to be restricted or decreased. A knob may be provided on the
threaded member to allow for easier manual adjustment.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 5, one or more bladders may include a
mechanism for controlling or adjusting the fluid pressure in the
bladder system 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the control
mechanism may be one or more fill valves 22. Skilled artisans would
appreciate that a great variety of fill valves may be used, some
non-limiting examples of which include screw caps, interference fit
plugs (such as, for example, may be found on beach balls, or the
like), or needle valves (such as found on sporting equipment), and
the like.
[0070] A pressure gauge, transducer, or other similar means may be
used in conjunction with the fill valve 22 to determine the fluid
pressure in the bladder system 10. To increase the resistance to
the compressive force F.sub.1, fluid is added, through the fill
valve 22, into the bladder system 10. The fluid may be pumped or
injected into the bladder system 10 from a pressurized container,
being added until the desired fluid pressure is present in the
bladder system 10. To decrease the resistance to the compressive
force F1, fluid may be evacuated from the bladder system 10.
[0071] The fill valve 22 may be opened, allowing some or
substantially all of the pressurized fluid to exit the bladder
system 10. Providing a fill valve not only allows fluid to be added
or removed from the bladder system 10 in order to increase or
decrease fluid pressure in a bladder, but also the valve may be
useful in allowing for a substantial amount of the fluid to be
removed in order to more conveniently store or transport the
exercise device.
[0072] In an alternative embodiment, one or more of the bladders of
the exercise device 10 may be removed from the fluid connection to
another bladder. As shown in FIG. 6, one or more bladders may be
selectively connected to or removed from the fluid connection 16.
This configuration not only allows for adjustment of fluid levels
and convenient storage and transport of the exercise device, but
also allows different bladders having different properties to be
used interchangeable on the device. In one embodiment, the exercise
device comprises a plurality of interchangeable bladders where the
resistance of at least one bladder differs from another bladder by
about 10 percent or more, and more preferably differs in resistance
by about 20 percent or more. An interchangeable bladder may be
secured to a fluid connector 16 with clamps, by interference fit,
or in any other suitable manner.
[0073] Preferably, the exercise device 10 has sufficient structural
integrity to permit a wide range of initial fluid pressure (i.e.,
the internal pressure of the system without application of a
compressive force F.sub.1) without experiencing significant
pressure loss over time. For purposes of this application,
significant pressure loss is defined as the device losing more than
25 percent of its pressure over a 24-hour period of non-use. In
some embodiments, it may be desirable for the device to be capable
of withstanding an initial fluid pressure of at least about 50 psi
without significant pressure loss, and more preferably can hold at
least about 100 psi. It should be understood, however, that the
device may be subjected to significantly greater pressures when
subjected to compressive forces.
[0074] In the above examples, the exercise system 10 has been
depicted as having a pair of bladders 12 and 14. However, it is
contemplated the bladder system 10 can include multiple fluidly
connected bladders. For example, the exercise system 10 may have 3
or more bladders, or even 5 or more bladders. Providing a
combination of bladders may be beneficial, for instance, when the
range of body motion involved in the exercise is long. For
instance, stomach, arm, or leg exercises may involve body motion
over a sufficiently large area to warrant use of more than just two
bladders. In addition, providing more bladders may allow for
greater variation of resistance over the range of motion.
[0075] A non-limiting example of the use of 3 or more bladders in
an exercise device 10 is illustrated in FIG. 7. As shown, the
bladder system 10 may include multiple bladders serially connected.
As generally shown in FIG. 7, a first bladder 30 may be fluidly
connected, via first tube 32, to a second bladder 34. Second
bladder 34 may then be fluidly connected, via second tube 36, to a
third bladder 38. Optionally, the third bladder 38 also may be
fluidly connected to a fourth bladder 38 via third tube 40. As a
compressive force F.sub.1 is applied to the first bladder 30, the
fluid is compressed into the second, third, and fourth bladders 34,
38, and 42, providing a resistance to the compressive force
F.sub.1.
[0076] The stiffness of the second, third, and fourth bladders 34,
38, and 42 may be selected to provide a prescribed resistance
profile R to the compressive force. For example, each the second,
third, and fourth bladders 34, 38, and 42 can have the same
stiffness k. Alternatively, each of the second, third, and fourth
bladders 34, 38, and 42 can have different stiffnesses. The
different stiffnesses are selected and arranged to provide the
resistance profile R.
[0077] Likewise, flow rates between the bladders also may be varied
to achieve a desired resistance profile R. The bladders 30, 34, 38,
and 42 are serially connected with tubes 32, 36, and 40. As
described above, the tubes 32, 36, and 40 provide a specific flow
rate therethrough and can be used to adjust resistance the
compressive force F.sub.1. The tube diameters are selected to
provide a prescribed resistance profile R to the compressive force
F.sub.1 and may be adjustable in the manner described above. A
larger tube diameter will have an increased flow rate, providing a
lesser resistance. A decreased tube diameter while provide a
decreased flow rate, providing an increased resistance. Each of the
tubes 32, 36, and 40 can have the same tube diameter, providing a
uniform flow rated through each of the tubes. Alternatively each of
the tubes 32, 36, and 40 can have different tube diameters, wherein
the tube diameters are selected and arranged to provide the
resistance profile R.
[0078] As discussed above, the sizes and arrangement of the
bladders 30, 34, 38, and 42 can be selected to provide a prescribed
resistance profile R to the compressive force F.sub.1. Referring to
FIG. 7B, the bladders 34, 38, and 42 are arranged in a decreasing
size arrangement. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7C, the bladders
34, 38, and 42 are arranged in an increasing size arrangement.
[0079] The above-described elements may be used individually or in
combination to design a bladder system 10 to provide a specific
resistance profile R.
[0080] It is not necessary for every bladder of the exercise system
10 to be linked or connected serially with the others. Referring to
FIG. 8, the exercise system 10 may include a central bladder 12
with multiple secondary bladders attached thereto. Each of the
secondary bladders may be fluidly connected to the central bladder
50 with tubes or apertures in the manner already described above.
In some embodiments, only a portion of the secondary bladders may
be in fluid communication with the central bladder. Thus, some
secondary bladders may be self contained in order to provide some
cushioning or stabilization for the user. As a compressive force
F.sub.1 is applied to the central bladder 12, the fluid is
compressed into fluidly connected secondary bladders providing a
resistance to the compressive force F1.
[0081] As discussed above, each of the bladders in any embodiment
may be sized or otherwise designed to have a desired stiffness in
order to provide a specific resistance profile R in response to a
compressive force F.sub.1. Likewise any other design parameter
discussed above also may be used with the embodiments illustrated
in FIGS. 7 and 8.
[0082] In the above examples, the exercise systems 10 have been
described as being a single collection of bladders. However, it is
contemplated that multiple bladder systems 10 can be used in
combination to provide a selected resistance profile R to the
compressive force F.sub.1. Referring to FIG. 9, a pair of bladder
systems 70 and 72 are used in combination to provide a effective
resistance profile R for the overall combination. Each of the
bladders systems 70 and 72 can have the same or different
individual R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 resistance profiles. The individual
resistance profiles R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected to provide the
effective resistance profile R of the combined systems 70 and
72.
[0083] Other bladder configurations also may be used with the
present invention. For instance, one or more of the bladders may be
formed from an inelastic (non-elastomeric) material so that it does
not expand significantly when subjected to increased pressure
during normal operation of the device. This type of bladder may be
useful with compressible fluid or may also be used as an overflow
reservoir. In addition, one or more bladders may have a pleated or
accordion construction as illustrated in FIG. 10.
[0084] Referring to FIG. 11, the bladder system 100 also may
include a vent port 104, such that when a compressive force is
applied to the bladder 102 air is evacuated from the bladder 102
through the vent port 104. Upon removal of the compressive force,
the bladder 102 reverts to its original form, drawing air in
through the vent port 104.
[0085] Bladder 102 provides a resistance to the compressive force,
wherein the resistance is dependent on the material properties of
the bladder 102. The higher stiffness k of the bladder 102 results
in the higher resistive force. The lower stiffness k of the bladder
102 results in the lower resistive force.
[0086] The vent port 104 may also be utilized to provide resistance
to the compressive force F1. The diameter of the vent port 104 is
selected to provide a specific flow rate of the fluid 108 from the
bladder 102 through the vent port 104. A larger vent port 104
diameter will have an increased flow rate, providing a lesser
resistance. A smaller tube diameter vent port 104 will have a
decreased flow rate providing an increased resistance.
[0087] The bladder system 102 of the present invention provides a
resistance profile R to the compressive force F1. Initially, to
force the fluid from the bladder 102 through the vent port 104 the
compressive force F1 must be equal to or greater than a threshold
force TF. The threshold force TF is the force required to initiate
expansion of the bladder 102. The threshold force TF is dependent
on the stiffness k of the bladder 102, and the characteristic of
the vent port 104. Upon removal of the compressive force, the
bladder expands drawing air into the bladder 102 through the vent
port 104.
[0088] The bladder system 102 may include a control valve 106 for
regulating the diameter of vent port 104 and/or the flow rate of
the fluid. In a fully open position, the vent port 104 has a
maximum diameter allowing for a maximum flow rate of the fluid,
providing a minimum resistance. In a closed position, the control
valve 106 minimizes the diameter of the vent port 104, resulting in
a minimum flow rate of the fluid through the vent port 104,
providing a maximum resistance. Exemplary control valves are
discussed above with respect to FIGS. 4 and 5.
[0089] Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, the bladder 108 is an
accordion bladder, providing first and second resistances. When a
compressive force F.sub.C is applied to the accordion bladder 108,
air is evacuated from the bladder 108 through the vent port 110,
providing the first resistance. When an expansive force F.sub.E is
applied to the accordion bladder 108, air is drawn into the bladder
108 through the vent port 110, providing the second resistance.
Both the first and second resistances are dependent upon the
stiffness of the bladder 108 and the configuration on the vent port
110.
[0090] The first and second resistances can be used to exercise
opposing muscle. Referring to FIG. 14, a schematic of a leg
extension/hamstring exercise machine is shown. When a leg L is
moved into an extended position, the quadriceps leg muscles are
contracted. Similarly, when the leg L is moved into a flexed
position, the hamstring muscles are contracted. The accordion
bladder 108 of the present invention can be positioned in a leg
machine, such that the bladder 108 provides a resistance to both
flexion and extension of the leg. For example, the bladder 108 is
positioned in the leg machine such that when the leg is flexed, a
compressive force F.sub.C is applied to the bladder (see also FIG.
12). The bladder 108 provides a first resistance, resisting the
compressive force F.sub.C. When the leg is extended, an expansive
force F.sub.E is applied to the bladder 108 (see also FIG. 13). The
bladder 108 provides a second resistance, resisting the expansive
force F.sub.E. The first and second resistances exercise the
hamstring and quadriceps muscles. It is contemplated that the
bladder can be used as a stand alone device or incorporated into an
exercise machine systematically exercising opposing muscles groups,
such as, chest/upper back, abdominal/lower back,
quadriceps/hamstring, biceps/triceps, etc.
[0091] Referring to FIG. 15A, the bladder system 10 of the present
invention can be positioned in a leg machine, such that the
bladders 12 and 14 provide forces to agonist and antagonist muscles
of opposite legs. An agonist muscle is a muscle that contracts when
another muscle relaxes and an antagonist muscle is a muscle that
relaxes when another muscle contracts. For example, when performing
a leg extension exercise, the quadriceps muscle (the agonist
muscle) contracts and the hamstring (the antagonist muscle) relaxes
when the leg is extended.
[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the bladder 12 is positioned in
the leg machine such that when a first leg L.sub.1 is extended from
an initial position, a first force F.sub.1 is applied to the
bladder 12. The bladder 12 provides a first resistance R.sub.1 to
the quadricep muscle (agonist muscle) resisting the extension of
the first leg L.sub.1. Simultaneously and in response to the first
force F.sub.1, the fluid from bladder 12 is forced through the tube
16 into bladder 14, expanding bladder 14. The expansion of bladder
14 provides a second force F.sub.2 to the second leg L.sub.2,
tending to force the second leg L.sub.2 into the extending
position. The hamstring muscle (antagonist muscle) of the second
leg L.sub.2 provides a second resistance R.sub.2 resisting the
second force F.sub.2, moving the second leg L.sub.2 into flexion.
In this manner the quadriceps muscle of the first leg L.sub.1 and
the hamstring muscle of the second leg L.sub.2 are simultaneously
exercised.
[0093] In the above described motion, the first and second bladders
12 and 14 provide positive exertions to the quadricep muscle of the
first leg L.sub.1 and the hamstring muscle of the second leg
L.sub.2. Upon completion of the motion, the first force F.sub.1 is
released, wherein, similar to free weights, the bladder system 10
tends to conform back to the equilibrium position, initial
position. As such, the bladders 12 and 14 provide forces to the
first and second legs as the fluid in the bladders 12 and 14 moves
to the equilibrium position. The resistance of these forces
provides a negative exertion on the quadricep muscle of the first
leg L.sub.1 and the hamstring muscle of the second leg L.sub.2 as
the first and second legs L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 move to the initial
position.
[0094] Referring to FIG. 15B, the bladder system 10 of the present
invention can be positioned in a leg machine such that as first leg
L.sub.1 is flexed, a first force F.sub.1 is applied to the bladder
12. The bladder 12 provides a first resistance R.sub.1 to the
hamstring muscle, agonist muscle, resisting the flexion of the
first leg L.sub.1. Simultaneously and in response to the first
force F.sub.1, the fluid from bladder 12 is forced through the tube
16 into bladder 14, expanding bladder 14. The expansion of bladder
14 provides a second force F.sub.2 to the second leg L.sub.2,
tending to force the second leg L.sub.2 into the flexed position.
The quadricep muscle, antagonist muscle, of the second leg L.sub.2
provides a second resistance R.sub.2 resisting the second force
F.sub.2, moving the second leg L.sub.2 into an extended position.
In this manner the hamstring muscle of the first leg L.sub.1 and
the quadricep muscle of the second leg L.sub.2 are simultaneously
exercised. As with the previous embodiment, the bladders 12 and 14
can likewise provide negative exertions on the hamstring muscle of
the first leg L.sub.1 and the quadricep muscle of the second leg
L.sub.2 as the first and second legs L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 move to
the initial position.
[0095] Referring to FIG. 16A, the bladder system 10 of the present
invention can be positioned in a leg machine, such that the
bladders 12 and 14 provide forces to agonist and antagonist muscles
of opposite legs, wherein the legs move in the same direction. The
bladder 12 is positioned in the leg machine such that when a first
leg L.sub.1 is extended from an initial position a first force
F.sub.1 is applied to the bladder 12. The bladder 12 provides a
first resistance R.sub.1 to the quadricep muscle resisting the
extension of the first leg L.sub.1. Simultaneously and in response
to the first force F.sub.1, the fluid from bladder 12 is forced
through the tube 16 into bladder 14, expanding bladder 14. The
expansion of bladder 14 provides a second force F.sub.2 to the
second leg L.sub.2, forcing the second leg L.sub.2 into the
extending position. The hamstring muscle of the second leg L.sub.2
provides a second resistance R.sub.2 resisting the second force
F.sub.2. In this manner the quadriceps muscle of the first leg
L.sub.1 is provided with a positive exertion and the hamstring
muscle of the second leg L.sub.2 is provided with a negative
exertion.
[0096] Upon completion of the motion, both the first and second
legs L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are in the extended position. Referring to
FIG. 16B, the second leg L.sub.2 is then flexed, applying a third
force F.sub.3 to the bladder 14. The bladder 14 provides a third
resistance R.sub.3 to the hamstring muscle resisting the flexion of
the second leg L.sub.2. Simultaneously and in response to the third
force F.sub.3, the fluid from bladder 14 is forced through the tube
16 into bladder 12, expanding bladder 12. The expansion of bladder
12 provides a fourth force F.sub.4 to the first leg L.sub.1,
forcing the first leg L.sub.1 into the flexed position. The
quadricep muscle of the first leg L.sub.1 provides a fourth
resistance R.sub.4 resisting the fourth force F.sub.4. The first
and second legs L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are moved into the flexed
position, initial position. In this manner, the hamstring muscle of
the second leg L.sub.2 is provided with a positive exertion and the
quadricep muscle of the first leg L.sub.1 is provided with a
negative exertion.
[0097] It is contemplated that the bladder 10, 102, or 108 can be
used as a stand alone device or incorporated into an exercise
machine systematically exercising agonist and antagonist muscle
groups of opposing limbs, such as, quadriceps/hamstring,
biceps/triceps, etc. It is further contemplated that regardless of
the specific application, the device can include a tracking
mechanism, such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. One
use for such a tracking mechanism would to be monitor patient
compliance. In this regard, U.S. Patent Publication No.
2004/0215111, the contents of which are incorporated by reference
herein, discloses a monitoring system and method that can be used
with the present invention.
[0098] The bladder system of the present invention can be
positioned on an exercise machine to provide a positive exertion to
a first muscle and a negative exertion to a second muscle, wherein
the first and second muscles include identical muscle on opposite
limbs. Referring to FIG. 17A, the bladder system 10 of the present
invention is positioned on a preacher curl machine. The bladder 12
is positioned in the curl machine such that when a first arm
A.sub.1 is flexed from an initial position a first force F.sub.1 is
applied to the bladder 12. The bladder 12 provides a first
resistance R.sub.1 to the bicep muscle, resisting the flexion of
the first arm A.sub.1. Simultaneously and in response to the first
force F.sub.1, the fluid from bladder 12 is forced through the tube
16 into bladder 14, expanding bladder 14. The expansion of bladder
14 provides a second force F.sub.2 to the second arm A.sub.2,
forcing the second arm A.sub.2 into the extending position. The
bicep muscle of the second arm A.sub.2 provides a second resistance
R.sub.2 resisting the second force F.sub.2. In this manner the
bicep muscle of the first arm A.sub.1 is provided with an positive
exertion and the bicep muscle of the second arm A.sub.2 is provided
with a negative exertion.
[0099] Referring to FIG. 17B, upon completion of the motion, the
first arm A.sub.1 is in the flexed position and the second arm
A.sub.2 is in the extended position. The second arm A.sub.2 is then
flexed, applying the first force F.sub.1 to the bladder 14. The
bladder 14 provides the first resistance R.sub.1 to the bicep
muscle, resisting the flexion of the second arm L.sub.1.
Simultaneously and in response to the first force F1, the fluid
from bladder 14 is forced through the tube 16 into bladder 12,
expanding bladder 12. The expansion of bladder 12 provides the
second force F.sub.1 to the first arm A.sub.1, forcing the first
arm A.sub.1 into the extended position. The bicep muscle of the
first arm A.sub.1 provides the second resistance R.sub.2 resisting
the second force F.sub.2. The second arm A.sub.2 is moved into the
flexed position and the first arm A.sub.1 is moved into the
extended position. In this manner the bicep muscle of the second
arm A.sub.2 is provided with a positive exertion and the bicep
muscle of the first arm A.sub.1 is provided with a negative
exertion.
[0100] It is contemplated that the bladder 10, 102, or 108 can be
used as a stand alone device or incorporated into an exercise
machine systematically exercising identical muscle groups of
opposing limbs, such as, providing a positive exercise to the
muscle of the first limb and a negative exercise to the same muscle
of the second limb. It is further contemplated that regardless of
the specific application, the device can include a tracking
mechanism, such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. One
use for such a tracking mechanism would to be monitor patient
compliance. In this regard, the previously incorporated by
reference U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004/0215111 can be used with
the present invention.
[0101] Referring to FIGS. 18 and 19, there is shown a cuff exercise
system 120 of the present invention. The cuff 120 includes an
annular ring 122 defining an annular bladder 124. The annular
bladder 124 includes a compressible or non-compressible fluid 126
enclosed therein. The annular ring 122 is made of an elastic
material have a stiffness k.sub.R. The stiffness k.sub.R is
selected to provide the desired resistance profile to the muscle or
muscle group being exercised.
[0102] In use, the annular ring 122 is positioned about a muscle or
muscle group. The contraction of the muscle pushes against the
annular ring 122, causing a compression of the fluid 126 and
corresponding expansion of the annular ring 122. The stiffness
k.sub.R of the annular ring 122 resists the expansion of the
annular ring 122, imparting a compressive force about the muscles.
As a result, the muscles 128 must provide an expansive force to
overcome the compressive force of the annular ring 122.
[0103] Referring to FIG. 20, the annular ring 122 may be positioned
about a bicep muscle 128. When the arm 130 is flexed, the bicep
muscle 128 provides a pulling force to lift the weight 132,
resulting in a contraction of the bicep muscle 128. The contracting
bicep muscle 128 expands, pushing against the annular ring 122,
causing a compression of the fluid 126 and corresponding expansion
of the annular ring 122. The stiffness k.sub.R of the annular ring
122 resists the expansion of the annular ring 122, imparting a
compressive force about the bicep muscle 128. As a result, the
bicep muscle 128 must not only provide the pulling force to lift
the weight 132, but also an expansive force to overcome the
compressive force of the annular ring 122.
[0104] When lowering the weight, the bicep 128 provides a pulling
force to controllable lower the weight 132. The compressive force
applied by the annular ring 122 tends to increase the rate at which
the weight 132 is lowered. In order to maintain a controlled
lowering rate, the bicep 128 must provide an expansive force to
overcome the compressive force of the annular ring 122.
[0105] The cuff 120 may include a mechanism for controlling the
fluid pressure in the annular ring 122. The control mechanism may
include a fill valve positioned annular ring 122. Fluid 126 is
added or removed from the annular ring 122, increasing or
decreasing the fluid pressure therein. The fluid can progressively
added to removed from the annular ring 122 during the exercise to
control the resistance profile.
[0106] Referring to FIG. 21, the cuff 120 can be positioned about
any muscle group, such as, abdominal/lower back, chest/upper back,
quadriceps/hamstring, biceps/triceps, etc.
[0107] Referring to FIG. 22, the cuff 120 may be configured with
attachments that allow the cuff to be adjustably fitted about the
muscle group. For example, the cuff 120 may have first and second
end portions 134 and 136 each including fastener members 138 and
140, to securely fit the cuff 120 about the muscle. The fastener
members 138 and 140 are adjustable members, allowing the cuff 120
to be securely, snugly, fitted about the muscle. For example, the
fastener members 138 and 140 are hook-and-loop type fasteners, or
could involve a plurality of snaps, zippers or other fasteners.
[0108] Referring to FIG. 23, the cuff 120 includes a plurality of
bladder members 144 positioned serially within the annular ring
122. Each of the bladder member 144 includes a compressible or
non-compressible fluid 126 enclosed therein and are made of elastic
materials have a stiffness k.sub.R. The stiffness k.sub.R of each
of the bladder members 144 is selected to provide the desired
resistance profile to the muscle or muscle group being exercised.
Each of the bladder members 144 can have the same stiffness k.sub.R
or a different stiffness k.sub.R, depending on the desired
resistance profile. Each of the adjacent bladder members 144 can be
fluidly connected with tube member 146. As described above, the
tube members 146 may also be used to control the resistance
profile.
[0109] Referring to FIG. 24, the cuff 120 includes a plurality of
bladder members 148 positioned in a stacking arrangement within the
annular ring 122. Each of the bladder members 148 includes a
compressible or non-compressible fluid 126 enclosed therein and are
made of elastic materials have a stiffness k.sub.R. The stiffnesses
k.sub.R of each of the bladder members 148 are selected to provide
the desired resistance profile to the muscle or muscle group being
exercised. Each of the bladder members 148 can have the same
stiffness k.sub.R or a different stiffness k.sub.R, depending on
the desired resistance profile. Each of the adjacent bladder
members 148 can be fluidly connected with tube member 150. As
described above, the tube member 150 may also be used to control
the resistance profile.
[0110] In another embodiment, the bladder system of the present
invention includes so-called "smart materials". For example, the
walls of the bladders may be constructed to include reinforcing
fibers made of a shape memory alloy. A shape memory alloy possesses
the properties of returning to an original shape after having been
subjected to some form of deformation. The shape memory alloy
returns to the original shape with the application of an energy to
heat the alloy to a temperature above a transformation temperature.
In an exemplary use, the shape memory alloy is provided in the cuff
exercise system 120 of FIGS. 18 and 19.
[0111] As previously disclosed, the cuff exercise system 120
includes an annular ring 122 defining an annular bladder 124. The
annular ring 122 is positioned about a muscle or muscle group. The
contraction of the muscle pushes against the annular ring 122,
causing a compression of the fluid 126 and corresponding expansion
of the annular ring 122. The stiffness k.sub.R of the annular ring
122 resists the expansion of the annular ring 122, imparting a
compressive force about the muscles. As a result, the muscles 128
must provide an expansive force to overcome the compressive force
of the annular ring 122.
[0112] The inclusion of the shape memory alloy in the annular
bladder 124 allows for a controlled application of the compressive
force about the muscle. An application of an energy to the shape
memory alloy, increasing the temperature of the shape memory alloy
to the transition temperature, results in the shape memory alloy
reverting to the original shape. The original shape of the shape
memory alloy is designed to increase the stiffness k.sub.R of the
annular bladder 124, further increasing the resistance to the
expansion of the annular ring 122 and imparting an increased
compressive force about the muscles.
[0113] It is contemplated that the annular bladder 124 can include
a number of different shape memory alloys, each having a different
transition temperature. The differing transition temperatures
permit the shape memory alloys to be sequentially activated to
increase the compressive force about the muscle.
[0114] The bladder system of the present invention can include an
electro-rheological (ER) fluid. An ER fluid is a fluid which
changes its physical properties in the presence of an electric
field. For example, the application of an electric field increases
the viscosity of the ER fluid, which if desired, can ultimate
change from a liquid to a solid.
[0115] Referring again to FIG. 1, the bladder system 10 of the
present invention uses a plurality of fluidly connected bladders to
provide resistive forces to the muscles being exercised. The
bladder system 10 includes first and second bladders 12 and 14 in
fluid communication with each other, such as through a tube 16.
[0116] An ER fluid 18 is disposed within the bladders 12 and 14,
such that a compression of one of the bladders 12 or 14 forces the
ER fluid 18 through the tube 16 into the opposite bladder 12 or 14.
The viscosity of the ER fluid 18 is used to control the resistance
of the exercise device. The viscosity of the ER fluid 18 is
selected to provide a specific maximum flow rate through the tube
16 without the presence of the electric field. The application of
the electric field increases the viscosity of the ER fluid 18,
decreasing the flow rate and providing a greater resistance. As the
intensity of the electric field is increased, the viscosity of the
ER fluid is similarly increased, increasing the resistance.
[0117] The smart materials of the above embodiments may be used
individually or in combination to provide a bladder system having
an increased range of useful resistance. Additionally, while having
been described on specific embodiment of the present invention,
this is for exemplary purposes only and it is contemplated that the
smart materials can be similarly incorporated into other
embodiments of the present invention.
[0118] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that
the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly
shown and described herein above. In addition, unless mention was
made above to the contrary, it should be noted that all of the
accompanying drawings are not to scale. A variety of modifications
and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without
departing from the scope and spirit of the invention, which is
limited only by the following claims.
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