U.S. patent application number 13/587693 was filed with the patent office on 2013-08-22 for golf ball having outer cover with low flexural modulus.
This patent application is currently assigned to NIKE, INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is Chien-Hsin Chou, Yasushi Ichikawa, Chin-Shun Ko, Chen-Tai Liu, Arthur Molinari. Invention is credited to Chien-Hsin Chou, Yasushi Ichikawa, Chin-Shun Ko, Chen-Tai Liu, Arthur Molinari.
Application Number | 20130217517 13/587693 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47747065 |
Filed Date | 2013-08-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130217517 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ichikawa; Yasushi ; et
al. |
August 22, 2013 |
Golf Ball Having Outer Cover With Low Flexural Modulus
Abstract
A golf ball having an outer cover layer with a lower flexural
modulus than that of an inner core layer and/or an inner cover
layer is disclosed. The lower flexural modulus of the outer cover
layer may give the golf ball a good feel during short shots and
putting. The inner cover layer may have a first flexural modulus
and the outer cover layer may have a second flexural modulus. The
first flexural modulus may be at least about 10 times greater than
the second flexural modulus. The inner core layer may have a third
flexural modulus. The third flexural modulus may be at least about
5 times greater than the second flexural modulus.
Inventors: |
Ichikawa; Yasushi;
(Tualatin, OR) ; Molinari; Arthur; (Portland,
OR) ; Chou; Chien-Hsin; (Yun-lin Hsien, TW) ;
Ko; Chin-Shun; (Kaohsiung, TW) ; Liu; Chen-Tai;
(Yun-lin Hsien, TW) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Ichikawa; Yasushi
Molinari; Arthur
Chou; Chien-Hsin
Ko; Chin-Shun
Liu; Chen-Tai |
Tualatin
Portland
Yun-lin Hsien
Kaohsiung
Yun-lin Hsien |
OR
OR |
US
US
TW
TW
TW |
|
|
Assignee: |
NIKE, INC.
Beaverton
OR
|
Family ID: |
47747065 |
Appl. No.: |
13/587693 |
Filed: |
August 16, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61526557 |
Aug 23, 2011 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
473/377 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 37/0061 20130101;
A63B 37/0076 20130101; A63B 37/0037 20130101; A63B 37/0033
20130101; A63B 37/0051 20130101; A63B 37/0003 20130101; A63B
37/0086 20130101; A63B 37/0049 20130101; A63B 37/0069 20130101;
A63B 37/0066 20130101; A63B 37/0084 20130101; A63B 37/0045
20130101; A63B 37/0062 20130101; C08L 2205/00 20130101; A63B
37/0043 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
473/377 |
International
Class: |
A63B 37/00 20060101
A63B037/00 |
Claims
1. A golf ball comprising, an inner core layer; an outer core layer
enclosing the inner core layer; an inner cover layer enclosing the
outer core layer, the inner cover layer having a first flexural
modulus; an outer cover layer enclosing the inner cover layer, the
outer cover layer having a second flexural modulus; and wherein the
first flexural modulus is at least 10 times greater than said
second flexural modulus.
2. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein the ratio between
the first flexural modulus and the second flexural modulus (first
flexural modulus/second flexural modulus) ranges from about 10 to
about 30.
3. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein the ratio between
the first flexural modulus and the second flexural modulus (first
flexural modulus/second flexural modulus) ranges from about 25 to
about 100.
4. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein the ratio between
the first flexural modulus and the second flexural modulus (first
flexural modulus/second flexural modulus) ranges from about 95 to
about 250.
5. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein the inner core layer
includes a third flexural modulus and the ratio of third flexural
modulus to second flexural modulus (third flexural modulus/second
flexural modulus) ranges from about 5 to about 10.
6. The golf ball according to claim 5, wherein the inner core layer
includes at least one highly neutralized acid polymer
composition.
7. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein the inner core layer
has a coefficient of restitution value ranging from about 0.775 to
about 0.81.
8. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein the inner core layer
has a coefficient of restitution value that is about 0.005 to about
0.02 greater than the coefficient of restitution value of the golf
ball.
9. The golf ball according to claim 1, wherein the inner cover
layer has a Shore D hardness ranging from about 45 to about 55.
10. A golf ball comprising, an inner core layer, the inner core
layer having a first flexural modulus; an outer core layer
enclosing the inner core layer; an inner cover layer enclosing the
outer core layer; an outer cover layer enclosing the inner cover
layer, the outer cover layer having a second flexural modulus; and
wherein the first flexural modulus is at least 5 times the second
flexural modulus.
11. The golf ball according to claim 10, wherein the ratio of first
flexural modulus to second flexural modulus (first flexural
modulus/second flexural modulus) ranges from about 5 to about
10.
12. The golf ball according to claim 11, wherein the inner cover
layer has a third flexural modulus and the ratio between the third
flexural modulus and the second flexural modulus (third flexural
modulus/second flexural modulus) ranges from about 10 to about
30.
13. The golf ball according to claim 10, wherein the inner core
layer includes a first highly neutralized acid polymer
composition.
14. The golf ball according to claim 13, wherein the first highly
neutralized acid polymer composition includes one of HPF 2000 and
HPF AD 1035.
15. The golf ball according to claim 10, wherein the inner core
layer includes a first highly neutralized acid polymer composition
and a second highly neutralized acid polymer composition and the
ratio of the first highly neutralized acid polymer composition to
the second highly neutralized acid polymer composition ranges from
about 20:80 to about 80:20.
16. The golf ball according to claim 10, wherein the inner core
layer has a coefficient of restitution value that is about 0.005 to
about 0.02 greater than the coefficient of restitution value of the
golf ball.
17. A golf ball comprising, an inner core layer; an outer core
layer enclosing the inner core layer; an inner cover layer
enclosing the outer core layer, the inner cover layer having a
first flexural modulus; an outer cover layer enclosing the inner
cover layer, the outer cover layer having a second flexural
modulus; wherein the first flexural modulus is at least about
45,000 psi greater than said second flexural modulus.
18. The golf ball according to claim 17, wherein the first flexural
modulus is between about 45,000 psi and about 65,000 psi greater
than the second flexural modulus.
19. The golf ball according to claim 17, wherein the first flexural
modulus is between about 60,000 psi and about 95,000 psi greater
than the second flexural modulus.
20. The golf ball according to claim 17, wherein the inner core
layer includes a third flexural modulus and the third flexural
modulus is between about 15,000 psi to 65,000 psi greater than the
second flexural modulus.
Description
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/526,557,
entitled "Golf Ball Having Outer Cover With Low Flexural Modulus",
and filed on Aug. 23, 2011, which application is hereby
incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present invention relates generally to a golf ball
having different play characteristics in different situations.
[0003] The game of golf is an increasingly popular sport at both
amateur and professional levels. A wide range of technologies
related to the manufacture and design of golf balls are known in
the art. Such technologies have resulted in golf balls with a
variety of play characteristics. For example, some golf balls have
a better flight performance than other golf balls. Some golf balls
with a good flight performance do not have a good feel when hit
with a golf club. Thus, it would be advantageous to make a golf
ball with a good flight performance that also has a good feel.
SUMMARY
[0004] A golf ball having an outer cover layer with a lower
flexural modulus than that of an inner core layer and/or an inner
cover layer is disclosed. The lower flexural modulus of the outer
cover layer may give the golf ball a good feel during short shots
and putting.
[0005] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a golf ball that may
have an inner core layer, an outer core layer enclosing the inner
core layer, an inner cover layer enclosing the outer core layer,
and an outer cover layer enclosing the inner cover layer. The inner
cover layer may have a first flexural modulus and the outer cover
layer may have a second flexural modulus. The first flexural
modulus may be at least 10 times greater than said second flexural
modulus. The ratio between the first flexural modulus and the
second flexural modulus (first flexural modulus/second flexural
modulus) may range from about 10 to about 30. The ratio between the
first flexural modulus and the second flexural modulus (first
flexural modulus/second flexural modulus) may range from about 10
to about 30. The ratio between the first flexural modulus and the
second flexural modulus (first flexural modulus/second flexural
modulus) may range from about 95 to about 250. The inner core layer
may include a third flexural modulus and the ratio of third
flexural modulus to second flexural modulus (third flexural
modulus/second flexural modulus) may range from about 5 to about
10. The inner core layer may include a first highly neutralized
acid polymer composition. The inner core layer may have a
coefficient of restitution value ranging from about 0.775 to about
0.81. The inner core layer may have a coefficient of restitution
value that is about 0.005 to about 0.02 greater than the
coefficient of restitution value of the golf ball. The inner cover
layer may have a Shore D hardness ranging from about 45 to about
55.
[0006] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a golf ball that may
have an inner core layer, an outer core layer enclosing the inner
core layer, an inner cover layer enclosing the outer core layer,
and an outer cover layer enclosing the inner cover layer. The inner
core may have a first flexural modulus and the outer cover layer
may have a second flexural modulus. The first flexural modulus may
be at least about 5 times greater than the second flexural modulus.
The ratio of first flexural modulus to second flexural modulus
(first flexural modulus/second flexural modulus) may range from
about 5 to about 10. The inner cover layer may have a third
flexural modulus and the ratio between the third flexural modulus
and the second flexural modulus (third flexural modulus/second
flexural modulus) may range from about 10 to about 30. The inner
core layer may include a first highly neutralized acid polymer
composition. The first highly neutralized acid polymer composition
includes one of HPF 2000 and HPF AD 1035. The inner core layer may
include a first highly neutralized acid polymer composition and a
second highly neutralized acid polymer composition and the ratio of
the first highly neutralized acid polymer composition to the second
highly neutralized acid polymer composition may range from about
20:80 to about 80:20. The inner core layer may have a coefficient
of restitution value that is about 0.005 to about 0.02 greater than
the coefficient of restitution value of the golf ball.
[0007] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a golf ball that may
have an inner core layer, an outer core layer enclosing the inner
core layer, an inner cover layer enclosing the outer core layer,
and an outer cover layer enclosing the inner cover layer. The inner
cover layer may have a first flexural modulus and the outer cover
layer may have a second flexural modulus. The first flexural
modulus may be at least about 45,000 psi greater than the second
flexural modulus. The first flexural modulus may be between about
60,000 psi and about 95,000 psi greater than the second flexural
modulus. The inner core layer may include a third flexural modulus
and the third flexural modulus may be between about 15,000 psi to
65,000 psi greater than the second flexural modulus.
[0008] Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the
invention will be, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary
skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and
detailed description. It is intended that all such additional
systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this
description and this summary, be within the scope of the invention,
and be protected by the following claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The invention can be better understood with reference to the
following drawings and description. The components in the figures
are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon
illustrating the principles of the invention. Moreover, in the
figures, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts
throughout the different views.
[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates the trajectory of a golf ball prepared
according to the present disclosure compared with the trajectory of
a different type of golf ball after being hit by a driver;
[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates the trajectory of a golf ball prepared
according to the present disclosure after being hit by a pitching
wedge; an
[0012] FIG. 3 is a golf ball according to the exemplary embodiment
of FIGS. 1 and 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] Generally, the present disclosure relates to a golf ball
having a variable initial velocity associated with striking the
golf ball with a driver having different head speeds. The structure
of the disclosed golf ball may cause the golf ball to experience an
initial velocity comparable to premium golf balls currently on the
market when hit with a driver head speed less than 100 mph.
However, the same golf ball may experience an initial velocity
higher than premium golf balls currently on the market when hit
with a driver head speed higher than 125 mph. As a result, the
disclosed golf ball may have different initial velocities
associated with different head speeds.
[0014] FIGS. 1-2 show an exemplary embodiment of a golf ball 100.
In FIG. 1, a recreational golfer 142 has used a driver 144 to hit
golf ball 100 and another type of golf ball, golf ball 182, off of
a tee 146 located in a tee box 148. As a typical recreational
golfer, golfer 142 hits golf ball 100 and golf ball 182 with a
driver head speed of less than 100 mph. FIG. 1 demonstrates a
comparison between a trajectory 150 of golf ball 100 and a
trajectory 180 of golf ball 182 after each of the golf balls have
been struck by driver 144. Each of the golf balls has a comparable
trajectory length because each of the golf balls has a similar
initial velocity associated with being hit by driver 144 with a
driver head speed of less than 100 mph. Trajectory 150 extends
about as long as trajectory 180 because golf ball 100 has a similar
initial velocity as golf ball 182 after being struck by driver 144
with a driver head speed of less than 100 mph.
[0015] In FIG. 2, a professional golfer 152 has used a driver 144
to hit golf ball 100 and another type of golf ball, golf ball 182,
off of a tee 146 located in a tee box 148. As a typical
professional golfer, golfer 152 hits golf ball 100 and golf ball
182 with a driver head speed of more than 125 mph. FIG. 2
demonstrates a comparison between a trajectory 160 of golf ball 100
and a trajectory 162 of golf ball 182 after each of the golf balls
have been struck by driver 144. Trajectory 160 is longer than
trajectory 162 because golf ball 100 and golf ball 182 each have a
different initial velocity associated with being hit by driver 144
with a driver head speed of more than 125 mph. When struck by
driver 144 with a driver head speed of more than 125 mph, golf ball
100 has a higher initial velocity than that of golf ball 182 and,
in turn, golf ball 100 flies further than golf ball 182.
[0016] Tables 3-6 show the results of tests performed on test
balls, which include golf balls prepared according to the present
disclosure and existing golf balls currently available on the
market. The golf balls prepared according to the present disclosure
includes Example 1, details of which are shown in Table 1.
Materials A, B, C, and D are discussed in more detail with
reference to Tables 8-11. The existing golf balls currently
available on the market include Comparative Examples 1-4, details
of which are shown in Table 2 (where PBR is polybutadiene rubber).
The results shown in Tables 3-6 include initial velocity (IV) and
launch angle (LA). All results for IV have an uncertainty of .+-.1
mph.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Golf Ball Testing Data 1 Inner Core Layer
Material A Diameter (mm) 24 Shore D Hardness 53 Compression 3.2
Deformation (mm) COR 0.83 Outer Core Layer Material B Thickness
(mm) 7.25 Shore D Hardness 59 Inner Cover Layer Material C
Thickness (mm) 1.0 Shore D Hardness 69 Flexural Modulus 77,000
(psi) Outer cover layer Material D Thickness (mm) 1.1 Shore D
Hardness 53 Flexural 550 Modulus (psi) Entire Ball COR 0.785
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparative Test Balls Ball Name and Brand
Ball Pieces Core Cover ProV1 by Titleist Comparative Five (5) PBR
Urethane Example 1 Tour i(s) by Comparative Three (3) PBR Urethane
Callaway Example 2 ONE Tour by Nike Comparative Three (3) PBR
Urethane Golf Example 3 ONE Tour D by Comparative Three (3) PBR
Urethane Nike Golf Example 4
[0017] The tests performed on the test balls were conducted as
follows: a Nike SQ Dymo driver (loft angle: 10.5.degree.; shaft:
Diamana by Mitsubishi Rayon; flex: X (extra stiff); grip: golf
pride) was fixed to a swing robot manufactured by Miyamae Co., Ltd.
and then swung at different head speeds from about 80 mph to about
125 mph. The clubface was oriented for a square hit. The
forward/backward tee position was adjusted so that the tee was
three inches in front of the point in the downswing where the club
was vertical. The height of the tee and the toe-heel position of
the club relative to the tee were adjusted such that the center of
the impact mark was centered toe to heel across the face.
[0018] Table 3 shows the results of the 125 mph head speed test.
The 125 mph head speed test involves hitting the test balls with a
driver having a head speed of about 125 mph.+-.1 mph. The driver
used in the test of Table 3 is described above. The calibration
ball for the 125 mph head speed test is a ONE Tour D golf ball
commercially available by Nike Golf. To calibrate the 125 mph head
speed test, the conditions are set to cause the calibration ball to
have an initial velocity of 171 mph.+-.1 mph when the calibration
ball is hit with the driver having a head speed of about 125
mph.+-.1 mph.
[0019] The results show that, for the 125 mph head speed test, the
Initial Velocity of golf balls prepared according to the present
disclosure are higher than the Initial Velocity of the existing
golf balls currently available on the market. For example,
Comparative Example 2 has an Initial Velocity of about 171 mph. In
contrast, Example 1 has a higher Initial Velocity of about 174 mph.
The next highest Initial Velocity resulting from the 125 mph head
speed test came from Comparative Example 1. At about 172.5 mph,
this Initial Velocity is still less than the Initial Velocity of
Example 1.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 125 MPH DRIVER Ball Name Initial Velocity
(IV) (mph) and Brand Ball of Samples N/A Example 1 174 ProV1 by
Comparative 172.5 Titleist Example 1 Tour i(s) by Comparative 171
Callaway Example 2a ONE Tour by Comparative 171.5 Nike Golf Example
3a ONE Tour D Comparative 171 by Nike Golf Example 4a
[0020] Table 4 shows the results of the 110 mph head speed test.
The 110 mph head speed test involves hitting the test balls with a
driver having a head speed of about 110 mph.+-.1 mph. The driver
used in the test of Table 4 is described above. The calibration
ball for the 110 mph head speed test is a ONE Tour D golf ball
commercially available by Nike Golf. To calibrate the 110 mph head
speed test, the conditions are set to cause the calibration ball to
have an initial velocity of 159 mph.+-.1 mph when the calibration
ball is hit with the driver having a head speed of about 110
mph.+-.1 mph.
[0021] The results show that, for the 110 mph head speed test, the
Initial Velocity of golf balls prepared according to the present
disclosure are comparable to the Initial Velocity of the existing
golf balls currently available on the market. For example,
Comparative Example 2 has an Initial Velocity of about 159 mph.
Similarly, Example 1 has an Initial Velocity of about 159.5 mph.
The Initial Velocities of the Comparative Examples resulting from
the 110 mph head speed test were all within about 157 mph and about
159.5 mph.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 110 MPH DRIVER Ball Name Initial Velocity
(IV) (mph) and Brand Ball of Samples N/A Example 1 159.5 ProV1 by
Comparative Example 1 159 Titleist Tour i(s) by Comparative Example
2 157 Callaway ONE Tour by Comparative Example 3 159.5 Nike Golf
ONE Tour D Comparative Example 4 159 by Nike Golf
[0022] Table 5 shows the results of the 95 mph head speed test. The
95 mph head speed test involves hitting the test balls with a
driver having a head speed of about 95 mph.+-.1 mph. The driver
used in the test of Table 5 is described above. The calibration
ball for the 95 mph head speed test is a ONE Tour D golf ball
commercially available by Nike Golf. To calibrate the 95 mph head
speed test, the conditions are set to cause the calibration ball to
have an initial velocity of 116.5 mph.+-.1 mph when the calibration
ball is hit with the driver having a head speed of about 95
mph.+-.1 mph.
[0023] The results show that, for the 95 mph head speed test, the
Initial Velocity of golf balls prepared according to the present
disclosure are comparable to the Initial Velocity of the existing
golf balls currently available on the market. For example,
Comparative Example 1 has an Initial Velocity of about 116 mph.
Similarly, Example 1 has an Initial Velocity of about 116 mph. The
Initial Velocities of the Comparative Examples resulting from the
95 mph head speed test were all either about 116 mph or about 116.5
mph.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 95 MPH DRIVER Ball Name Initial Velocity
(IV) (mph) and Brand Ball of Samples N/A Example 1 116 ProV1 by
Comparative Example 1 116 Titleist Tour i(s) by Comparative Example
2 116.5 Callaway ONE Tour by Comparative Example 3 116 Nike Golf
ONE Tour D Comparative Example 4 116.5 by Nike Golf
[0024] Table 6 shows the results of the 80 mph head speed test. The
80 mph head speed test involves hitting the test balls with a
driver having a head speed of about 80 mph.+-.1 mph. The driver
used in the test of Table 4 is described above. The calibration
ball for the 80 mph head speed test is a ONE Tour D golf ball
commercially available by Nike Golf. To calibrate the 80 mph head
speed test, the conditions are set to cause the calibration ball to
have an initial velocity of 89.5 mph.+-.1 mph when the calibration
ball is hit with the driver having a head speed of about 80
mph.+-.1 mph.
[0025] The results show that, for the 80 mph head speed test, the
Initial Velocity of golf balls prepared according to the present
disclosure are comparable to the Initial Velocity of the existing
golf balls currently available on the market. For example,
Comparative Example 1 has an Initial Velocity of about 88 mph.
Similarly, Example 1 has an Initial Velocity of about 88 mph. The
Initial Velocities of the Comparative Examples resulting from the
80 mph head speed test were all within about 87.5 mph or about 89.5
mph.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 80 MPH DRIVER Ball Name Initial Velocity
(IV) (mph) and Brand Ball of Samples N/A Example 1 88 ProV1 by
Comparative Example 1 88 Titleist Tour i(s) by Comparative Example
2 87.5 Callaway ONE Tour by Comparative Example 3 89 Nike Golf ONE
Tour D Comparative Example 4 89.5 by Nike Golf
[0026] Table 7 shows the differences between initial velocities
resulting from striking the test balls with a driver under
different head speeds.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 DIFFERENCES IN INITIAL VELOCITIES Difference
in Difference in Initial Difference in Initial Velocities
Velocities Resulting Initial Velocities Ball Name Resulting from 95
mph from 110 mph and Resulting from and Brand Ball and 80 mph 80
mph 125 mph and 80 mph N/A Example 1 28 mph 71.5 mph 86 mph ProV1
by Comparative 28 mph 71 mph 84.5 mph Titleist Example 1 Tour i(s)
by Comparative 29 mph 69.5 mph 83.5 mph Callaway Example 2 ONE Tour
by Comparative 27 mph 70.5 mph 82.5 mph Nike Golf Example 3 ONE
Tour D Comparative 27 mph 69.5 mph 81.5 mph by Nike Golf Example
4
[0027] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, compression,
hardness, COR, and flexural modulus are measured as follows:
[0028] Compression deformation: The compression deformation herein
indicates the deformation amount of the ball under a force;
specifically, when the force is increased to become 130 kg from 10
kg, the deformation amount of the ball under the force of 130 kg
subtracts the deformation amount of the ball under the force of 10
kg to become the compression deformation value of the ball.
[0029] Hardness: Hardness of golf ball layer is measured generally
in accordance with ASTM D-2240, but measured on the land area of a
curved surface of a molded ball. For material hardness, it is
measured in accordance with ASTM D-2240 (on a plaque).
[0030] Method of measuring COR: A golf ball for test is fired by an
air cannon at an initial velocity of 40 m/sec, and a speed
monitoring device is located over a distance of 0.6 to 0.9 meters
from the cannon. When striking a steel plate positioned about 1.2
meters away from the air cannon, the golf ball rebounds through the
speed-monitoring device. The return velocity divided by the initial
velocity is the COR.
[0031] As shown in FIG. 3, golf ball 100 may include an inner core
layer 110, an outer core layer 120, an inner cover layer 130, and
an outer cover layer 140. While the exemplary embodiment of golf
ball 100 has been described and illustrated as having four layers,
other embodiments may include any number of layers. For example, in
some embodiments, golf ball 100 may be a one-piece, two-piece,
three-piece, or five-piece ball. In some embodiments, golf ball 100
may include more than five layers. The number of layers may be
selected based on a variety of factors. For example, the number of
layers may be selected based on the type of materials use to make
the golf ball and/or the size of the golf ball.
[0032] The type of materials used to make the layers of the golf
ball may be selected based on a variety of factors. For example,
the type of materials used to make the layers of the golf ball may
be selected based on the properties of the material and/or the
processes used to form the layers. Exemplary materials are
discussed below with respect to the individual layers of the
exemplary embodiment. In some embodiments, one or more layers may
be made from different materials. In some embodiments, one or more
layers may be made from the same materials.
[0033] The golf ball may be made by any suitable process. The
process of making the golf ball may be selected based on a variety
of factors. For example, the process of making the golf ball may be
selected based on the type of materials used and/or the number of
layers included. Exemplary processes are discussed below with
respect to the individual layers of the exemplary embodiment.
[0034] In some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a
diameter ranging from 19 mm to 32 mm. In some embodiments, inner
core layer 110 may have a diameter ranging from 20 mm to 30 mm. In
some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a diameter ranging
from 21 mm to 28 mm. In some embodiments, the diameter of inner
core layer 110 may be at least three times greater than the
thickness of outer core layer 120.
[0035] Inner core layer 110 may be made by any suitable process.
For example, in some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may be made
by an injection molding process. During injection molding process,
the temperature of the injection machine may be set within a range
of about 190.degree. C. to about 220.degree. C. In some
embodiments, before the injection molding process, the at least two
highly neutralized acid polymer compositions may be kept sealed in
a moisture-resistant dryer capable of producing dry air. Drying
conditions for the highly neutralized acid polymer composition may
include 2 to 24 hours at a temperature below 50.degree. C. In some
embodiments, inner core layer 110 may be made by a compression
molding process. The process of making the inner core layer may be
selected based on a variety of factors. For example, the process of
making the inner core layer may be selected based on the type of
material used to make the inner core layer and/or the process used
to make the other layers.
[0036] In some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may include one or
more highly neutralized acid polymer compositions. For example, in
the exemplary embodiments, inner core layer 110 may include two
highly neutralized acid polymer compositions. In some embodiments,
the ratio of a first highly neutralized acid polymer composition to
a second highly neutralized acid polymer composition may range from
20:80 to 80:20. In another embodiment, the same ratio may range
from 30:70 to 70:30. In another embodiment, the same ratio may
range from 40:60 to 60:40. In yet another embodiment, the same
ratio same ratio may be 50:50. In some embodiments, two highly
neutralized acid polymer compositions each having a flexural
modulus of ranging from 20,000 psi to 35,000 psi may be used to
make inner core layer 110. In some embodiments, two highly
neutralized acid polymer compositions each having a Vicat softening
temperature of from 50.degree. C. to 60.degree. C., or 52.degree.
C. to 58.degree. C. may be used to make inner core layer 110. In
some embodiments, suitable materials for the inner core layer may
include the following highly neutralized acid polymer compositions:
HPF resins such as HPF1000, HPF2000, HPF AD1024, HPF AD1027, HPF
AD1030, HPF AD1035, HPF AD1040, all produced by E. I. Dupont de
Nemours and Company.
[0037] Table 8 provides an example of materials used to make inner
core layer 110, according to the exemplary embodiment. The amounts
of the materials listed in Table 8 are shown in parts by weight
(pbw).
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Inner Core Layer Materials Resin: A HPF 2000
66 HPF AD 1035 34
[0038] In some embodiments, the material used to form inner core
layer 110 may include a highly neutralized acid polymer composition
and optional additives, fillers, and/or melt flow modifiers. The
acid polymer may be neutralized to 80% or higher, including up to
100%, with a suitable cation source, such as magnesium, sodium,
zinc, or potassium. In the exemplary embodiment, the highly
neutralized acid polymer compositions used to make the inner core
layer may include the same cation source. Suitable additives and
fillers may include, for example, blowing and foaming agents,
optical brighteners, coloring agents, fluorescent agents, whitening
agents, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, defoaming agents,
processing aids, mica, talc, nanofillers, antioxidants,
stabilizers, softening agents, fragrance components, plasticizers,
impact modifiers, acid copolymer wax, surfactants. Suitable fillers
may also include inorganic fillers, such as zinc oxide, titanium
dioxide, tin oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate,
zinc sulfate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, barium carbonate,
mica, talc, clay, silica, lead silicate. Suitable fillers may also
include high specific gravity metal powder fillers, such as
tungsten powder and molybdenum powder. Suitable melt flow modifiers
may include, for example, fatty acids and salts thereof,
polyamides, polyesters, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyethers,
polyureas, polyhydric alcohols, and combinations thereof.
[0039] In some embodiments, outer core layer 120 may be formed
primarily of a thermoset material. For example, outer core layer
120 may be formed by crosslinking a polybutadiene rubber
composition as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
12/827,360, entitled Golf Balls Including Crosslinked Thermoplastic
Polyurethane, filed on Jun. 30, 2010, and applied for by Chien-Hsin
Chou et al., the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by
reference in its entirety. When other rubber is used in combination
with a polybutadiene, polybutadiene may be included as a principal
component. For example, in some embodiments, a proportion of
polybutadiene in the entire base rubber may be equal to or greater
than 50% by weight. In some embodiments, a proportion of
polybutadiene in the entire base rubber may be equal to or greater
than 80% by weight. In some embodiments, a polybutadiene having a
proportion of cis-1,4 bonds of equal to or greater than 60 mol %,
and further, equal to or greater than 80 mol % may be used.
[0040] In some embodiments, cis-1,4-polybutadiene may be used as
the base rubber and mixed with other ingredients to form outer core
layer 120. In some embodiments, the amount of cis-1,4-polybutadiene
may be at least 50 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of
the rubber compound. Various additives may be added to the base
rubber to form a compound. The additives may include a
cross-linking agent and a filler. In some embodiments, the
cross-linking agent may be zinc diacrylate, magnesium acrylate,
zinc methacrylate, or magnesium methacrylate. In some embodiments,
zinc diacrylate may provide advantageous resilience properties. The
filler may be used to increase the specific gravity of the
material. The filler may include zinc oxide, barium sulfate,
calcium carbonate, or magnesium carbonate. In some embodiments,
zinc oxide may be selected for its advantageous properties. Metal
powder, such as tungsten, may alternatively be used as a filler to
achieve a desired specific gravity. In some embodiments, the
specific gravity of outer core layer 120 may be from about 1.05
g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.45 g/cm.sup.3. In some embodiments, the
specific gravity of outer core layer 120 may be from about 1.05
g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.35 g/cm.sup.3.
[0041] In some embodiments, a polybutadiene synthesized with a rare
earth element catalyst may be used to form outer core layer 120.
Such a polybutadiene may provide excellent resilience performance
of golf ball 100. Examples of rare earth element catalysts include
lanthanum series rare earth element compound, organoaluminum
compound, and almoxane and halogen containing compounds.
Polybutadiene obtained by using lanthanum rare earth-based
catalysts usually employs a combination of a lanthanum rare earth
(atomic number of 57 to 71) compound, such as a neodymium
compound.
[0042] In some embodiments, a polybutadiene rubber composition
having at least from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 5 parts by
weight of a halogenated organosulfur compound may be used to form
outer core layer 120. In some embodiments, the polybutadiene rubber
composition may include at least from about 1 part by weight to
about 4 parts by weight of a halogenated organosulfur compound. The
halogenated organosulfur compound may be selected from the group
consisting of pentachlorothiophenol; 2-chlorothiophenol;
3-chlorothiophenol; 4-chlorothiophenol; 2,3-chlorothiophenol;
2,4-chlorothiophenol; 3,4-chlorothiophenol; 3,5-chlorothiophenol;
2,3,4-chlorothiophenol; 3,4,5-chlorothiophenol;
2,3,4,5-tetrachlorothiophenol; 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorothiophenol;
pentafluorothiophenol; 2-fluorothiophenol; 3-fluorothiophenol;
4-fluorothiophenol; 2,3-fluorothiophenol; 2,4-fluorothiophenol;
3,4-fluorothiophenol; 3,5-fluorothiophenol 2,3,4-fluorothiophenol;
3,4,5-fluorothiophenol; 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorothiophenol;
2,3,5,6-tetrafluorothiophenol; 4-chlorotetrafluorothiophenol;
pentaiodothiophenol; 2-iodothiophenol; 3-iodothiophenol;
4-iodothiophenol; 2,3-iodothiophenol; 2,4-iodothiophenol;
3,4-iodothiophenol; 3,5-iodothiophenol; 2,3,4-iodothiophenol;
3,4,5-iodothiophenol; 2,3,4,5-tetraiodothiophenol;
2,3,5,6-tetraiodothiophenol; pentabromothiophenol;
2-bromothiophenol; 3-bromothiophenol 4-bromothiophenol;
2,3-bromothiophenol; 2,4-bromothiophenol; 3,4-bromothiophenol;
3,5-bromothiophenol; 2,3,4-bromothiophenol; 3,4,5-bromothiophenol;
2,3,4,5-tetrabromothiophenol; 2,3,5,6-tetrabromothiophenol; and
their zinc salts, the metal salts thereof and mixtures thereof.
[0043] Table 9 provides an example of materials used to make outer
core layer 120, according to the exemplary embodiment. The amounts
of the materials listed in Table 9 are shown in parts by weight
(pbw). TAIPOL.TM. BR0150 is the trade name of a rubber produced by
Taiwan Synthetic Rubber Corp.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Outer Core Layer Material Rubber compound: B
TAIPOL .TM. BR0150 100 Zinc diacrylate 29 Zinc oxide 9 Barium
sulfate 11 Peroxide 1
[0044] Outer core layer 120 may be made by any suitable process.
For example, in some embodiments, outer core layer 120 may be made
by a compression molding process. The process of making the outer
core layer may be selected based on a variety of factors. For
example, the process of making the outer core layer may be selected
based on the type of material used to make the outer core layer
and/or the process used to make the other layers.
[0045] In some embodiments, outer core layer 120 may be made
through a compression molding process including a vulcanization
temperature ranging from 130.degree. C. to 190.degree. C. and a
vulcanization time ranging from 5 to 20 minutes. In some
embodiments, the vulcanization step may be divided into two stages:
(1) the outer core layer material may be placed in an outer core
layer-forming mold and subjected to an initial vulcanization so as
to produce a pair of semi-vulcanized hemispherical cups and (2) a
prefabricated inner core layer may be placed in one of the
hemispherical cups and may be covered by the other hemispherical
cup and vulcanization may be completed. In some embodiments, the
surface of inner core layer 110 placed in the hemispherical cups
may be roughened before the placement to increase adhesion between
inner core layer 110 and outer core layer 120. In some embodiments,
inner core surface may be pre-coated with an adhesive before
placing inner core layer 110 in the hemispherical cups to enhance
the durability of the golf ball and to enable a high rebound.
[0046] In some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a high
resilience. Such a high resilience may cause golf ball 100 to have
increased carry and distance. In some embodiments, inner core layer
110 may have a coefficient of restitution (COR) value ranging from
0.79 to 0.89. In some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a
COR value ranging from 0.795 to 0.88. The COR value of inner core
layer 110 may be greater than the COR value of golf ball 100. In
some embodiments, the COR value of inner core layer 110 may be
0.005 to 0.02 greater than the COR value of golf ball 100.
[0047] In some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a
compression deformation value ranging from 2.5 mm to 5 mm. In some
embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a compression
deformation value ranging from 3.5 mm to 5 mm. Inner core layer 110
may have a surface Shore D hardness of from 40 to 60. In some
embodiments, outer core layer 120 may have a surface Shore D
hardness of from 50 to 60, which may be higher than the surface
hardness of inner core layer 110. In some embodiments, outer core
layer 120 may have a surface Shore D hardness of from 45 to 55.
[0048] In some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a Shore D
cross-sectional hardness ranging from 40 to 60 at any single point
on a cross-section obtained by cutting inner core layer 110 in
half. In some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a Shore D
cross-sectional hardness ranging from 45 to 55 at any single point
on a cross-section obtained by cutting inner core layer 110 in
half. In some embodiments, the difference in Shore D
cross-sectional hardness at any two points on the same
cross-section may be within .+-.6. In some embodiments, the
difference in Shore D cross-sectional hardness at any two points on
the same cross-section may be within .+-.3.
[0049] In some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a smaller
specific gravity than outer layers. Such a difference in specific
gravity may cause golf ball 100 to have a greater moment of
inertia. In some embodiments, the specific gravity of inner core
layer 110 may range from about 0.85 g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.1
g/cm.sup.3. In some embodiments, the specific gravity of inner core
layer 110 may range from about 0.9 g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.1
g/cm.sup.3.
[0050] In some embodiments, inner cover layer 130 of golf ball 100
may have a thickness ranging from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. For example,
inner cover layer 130 may have a thickness of 1 mm. In some
embodiments, inner cover layer 130 may have a thickness ranging
from 0.8 mm to 1 mm. For example, in some embodiments, inner cover
layer 130 may have a thickness of 0.9 mm.
[0051] In some embodiments, outer cover layer 140 of golf ball 100
may have a thickness ranging from 0.5 mm to 2 mm. For example,
outer cover layer 140 may have a thickness of 1 mm. In some
embodiments, outer cover layer 140 may have a thickness ranging
from 1 mm to 1.5 mm. For example, in some embodiments, inner cover
layer 130 may have a thickness of 1.2 mm.
[0052] Outer cover layer 140 may have a thickness T1, inner cover
layer may have a thickness T2, and outer core layer 120 may have a
thickness T3. In some embodiments, T1 may be greater than T2. In
some embodiments, T1 and T3 may have the following relationship:
5T1.ltoreq.T3.ltoreq.10T1.
[0053] In some embodiments, inner cover layer 130 may have a Shore
D hardness, as measured on the curved surface, ranging from about
60 to 80. In some embodiments, outer cover layer 140 of golf ball
100 may have a Shore D hardness, as measured on the curved surface,
ranging from 40 to 60. To have a low spin performance off the
driver shot and good hitting feel, inner cover layer 130 may have a
higher flexural modulus than outer cover layer 140. In some
embodiments, inner cover layer 130 may have a flexural modulus
ranging from 50,000 psi to 100,000 psi, or from 60,000 psi to
100,000 psi and outer cover layer 140 may have a flexural modulus
ranging from 200 psi to 3,000 psi, or from 300 psi to 2,000 psi. In
some embodiments, inner cover layer 130 may have a first flexural
modulus and outer cover layer 140 may have a second flexural
modulus, and a ratio of first flexural modulus to second flexural
modulus (first flexural modulus/second flexural modulus) may range
from 10 to 30. In some embodiments, ratio of first flexural modulus
to second flexural modulus (first flexural modulus/second flexural
modulus) may range from 25 to 100. In some embodiments, the ratio
of first flexural modulus to second flexural modulus (first
flexural modulus/second flexural modulus) may range from 95 to 250.
In some embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a third flexural
modulus. In some embodiments, the ratio of first flexural modulus
to third flexural modulus (third flexural modulus/second flexural
modulus) may range from 5 to 10. Outer cover 140 having a lower
flexural modulus than inner cover 130 and/or inner core layer 110
may provide golf ball 100 with a good feel in short shots and
putting shots.
[0054] In some embodiments, inner cover layer 130 and/or outer
cover layer 140 may be made from a thermoplastic material including
at least one of an ionomer resin, a highly neutralized acid polymer
composition, a polyamide resin, a polyester resin, and a
polyurethane resin. In some embodiments, inner cover layer 130 may
include the same type of material as outer cover layer 140. In some
embodiments, inner cover layer 130 may include a different type of
material from outer cover layer 140.
[0055] Table 10 provides an example of materials used to make inner
cover layer 130, according to the exemplary embodiment. The amounts
of the materials listed in Table 9 are shown in parts by weight
(pbw) or percentages by weight. Neothane 6303D is the trade name of
a thermoplastic polyurethane produced by Dongsung Highchem Co.
LTD.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Inner Cover Layer Material Resin: C
Neothane 6303D 100
[0056] Table 11 provides an example of materials used to make outer
cover layer 140, according to the exemplary embodiment. The amounts
of the materials listed in Table 11 are shown in parts by weight
(pbw) or percentages by weight, as indicated. "PTMEG" is
polytetramethylene ether glycol, having a number average molecular
weight of 2,000, and is commercially available from Invista, under
the trade name of Terathane.RTM. 2000. "BG" is 1,4-butanediol,
commercially available from BASF and other suppliers. "TMPME" is
trimethylolpropane monoallylether, commercially available from
Perstorp Specialty Chemicals AB. "DCP" is dicumyl peroxide,
commercially available from LaPorte Chemicals Ltd. "MDI" is
diphenylmethane diisocyanate, commercially available from Huntsman,
under the trade name of Suprasec.RTM. 1100. Outer cover materials D
may be formed by mixing PTMEG, BG, TMPME, DCP and MDI in the
proportions shown in Table 11. Specifically, these materials may be
prepared by mixing the components in a high agitated stir for one
minute, starting at a temperature of about 70.degree. C., followed
by a 10-hour post curing process at a temperature of about
100.degree. C. The post cured polyurethane elastomers may be ground
into small chips.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Outer Cover Layer Materials Polyurethane: D
PTMEG (pbw) 100 BG (pbw) 15 TMPME (weight % to 10% total
components) DCP (weight % to 0.5% total components) MDI (pbw) 87.8
(NCO index) 1.01
[0057] In some embodiments, golf ball 100 may have a moment of
inertia between about 80 g/cm.sup.2 and about 90 g/cm.sup.2. Such a
moment of inertia may produce a desirable distance and trajectory,
particularly when golf ball 100 is struck with a driver or driven
against the wind.
[0058] In some embodiments, golf ball 100 may include a ball
compression deformation of 2.2 mm to 4 mm. In some embodiments,
golf ball 100 may have compression deformation of 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm.
In some embodiments, golf ball 100 may have compression deformation
of 2.5 mm to 3 mm.
[0059] In some embodiments, the specific gravity of inner cover
layer 130 or outer cover layer 140 may range from about 1.1
g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.45 g/cm.sup.3. In some embodiments, the
specific gravity of inner cover layer 130 or outer cover layer 140
may range from about 1.1 g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.35 g/cm.sup.3. In
some embodiments, the layers used to make golf ball 100 may have a
specified relationship in terms of their respective physical
properties. For example, to have greater moment of inertia, the
golf ball layers may have a specific gravity gradient increased
from inner core layer 110 to outer cover layer 140. In some
embodiments, inner core layer 110 may have a first specific
gravity, outer core layer 120 may have a second specific gravity
greater than the first specific gravity by at least 0.01, and inner
cover layer 130 may have a third specific gravity greater than the
second specific gravity by at least 0.01. In some embodiments, golf
ball 100 may have the following mathematical relationship for
specific gravity of each layer: inner core layer 110 may have a
specific gravity SG1; outer core layer 120 may have a specific
gravity SG2; inner cover layer 130 may have a specific gravity SG3,
and outer cover layer 140 may have a specific gravity SG4, wherein
SG3>SG4>SG2>SG1.
[0060] In some embodiments, golf ball 100 may have 300 to 400
dimples on the outer surface of outer cover layer 140. In some
embodiments, golf ball 100 may have 310 to 390 dimples on the outer
surface of outer cover layer 140. In some embodiments, golf ball
100 may have 320 to 380 dimples on the outer surface of outer cover
layer 140. When the total number of the dimples is smaller than
300, the resulting golf ball may create a blown-up trajectory,
which reduces flight distance. On the other hand, when the total
number of the dimples is greater than 400, the trajectory of the
resulting golf ball may be easy to drop, which reduces the flight
distance.
[0061] While various embodiments of the invention have been
described, the description is intended to be exemplary, rather than
limiting and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the
art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible
that are within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the
invention is not to be restricted except in light of the attached
claims and their equivalents. Also, various modifications and
changes may be made within the scope of the attached claims.
* * * * *