U.S. patent application number 13/747375 was filed with the patent office on 2013-08-15 for submersible actuator apparatus.
The applicant listed for this patent is David L. Buntin, Terry Lee Maas. Invention is credited to David L. Buntin, Terry Lee Maas.
Application Number | 20130210297 13/747375 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48945951 |
Filed Date | 2013-08-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130210297 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Maas; Terry Lee ; et
al. |
August 15, 2013 |
SUBMERSIBLE ACTUATOR APPARATUS
Abstract
A user-programmable, submersible actuator apparatus that
includes an inflator mechanism configured when operatively
connected to an inflation source and to an inflatable device to
provide command-activated release of fluid from the inflation
source to the inflatable device and thereby provide a buoyant
force. A controller causes the inflator mechanism to actuate
inflation in the event of the first of a deep submersion condition
or a heavy bobbing condition. The deep submersion condition may be
determined when a specific (approximated) submersion depth has been
detected. The heavy bobbing condition may be determined by a
predetermined number of bobs of a specific (approximated) depth
(less than the deep submersion depth) being detected or by a
predetermined frequency of bobbing being detected. The water sensor
mechanism may include a pair of sensor elements, having outer ends
each recessed in 0.9 to 1.1 mm, or 1.0 mm.
Inventors: |
Maas; Terry Lee; (Ventura,
CA) ; Buntin; David L.; (New Braunfels, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Maas; Terry Lee
Buntin; David L. |
Ventura
New Braunfels |
CA
TX |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
48945951 |
Appl. No.: |
13/747375 |
Filed: |
January 22, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61589334 |
Jan 21, 2012 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
441/95 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63C 9/19 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
441/95 |
International
Class: |
B63C 9/19 20060101
B63C009/19 |
Claims
1. A submersible actuator apparatus, comprising: an inflator
mechanism configured when operatively connected to an inflation
source and to an inflatable device to provide command-activated
release of fluid from the inflation source to the inflatable device
to thereby provide a buoyant force; a water sensor mechanism; a
water pressure sensor configured to measure external pressure
reflecting depth underwater; and a controller in communication with
the water sensor mechanism and the water pressure sensor to command
actuation of the inflator mechanism upon detection of predetermined
conditions; and the sensor mechanism including first and second
sensor devices, each having a sensor element, distal ends of the
sensor elements being recessed in from adjacent outermost surface
of the respective sensor devices by 0.9 to 1.1 mm, and the distal
ends being spaced a distance apart.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first and second sensor
devices include respective first and second housings, each defining
the respective outermost surfaces.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first and second housings
are spaced between 20 and 22 mm apart.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least one of the sensor
elements has a slot extending across the distal end thereof.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least one of the sensor
elements has a star-shaped recess on the distal end thereof.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the controller is configured
for commanding actuation in accordance with at least one mode of
operation, and the at least one mode includes sensing a
predetermined amount of water presence by the water sensor
mechanism.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the inflation source includes
at least one compressed gas cylinder and the inflator mechanism
includes at least one structure configured to open a valve or
puncture a seal to thereby release fluid contents of the at least
one compressed gas cylinder.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the distal ends of the first
and second sensor elements are recessed in from adjacent outermost
surfaces of the respective sensor devices by 1.0 mm.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the distal ends each have a
diameter of approximately 7 mm.
10. A submersible actuator apparatus, comprising: an inflator
mechanism configured when operatively connected to an inflation
source and to an inflatable device to provide command-activated
release of fluid from the inflation source to the inflatable device
to thereby provide a buoyant force; a water sensor mechanism; a
water pressure sensor configured to measure external pressure
reflecting depth underwater; and a controller in communication with
the water sensor mechanism and the water pressure sensor to command
actuation of the inflator mechanism upon detection of predetermined
conditions including an immersion mode that includes (a) if water
is detected, determining a pressure difference; (b) if the
determined pressure difference is greater than a predetermined
maximum pressure difference, actuating inflation; (c) if the
determined pressure difference is not greater than the
predetermined maximum pressure difference and is not greater than a
predetermined bob pressure difference that is less than the
predetermined maximum pressure difference, returning to step (a);
(d) if the determined pressure difference is not greater than the
predetermined maximum pressure and is greater than the
predetermined bob pressure difference add a unit to a counter to
create a new counter value; (e) if the new counter value is not
greater than a predetermined bob counter value, returning to step
(a); and (f) if the new counter value is greater than the
predetermined bob counter value, actuating inflation.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the determining the pressure
difference includes determining from a plurality of sampled
pressure differences.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the predetermined maximum
pressure is between 0.17 and 0.27 psi.
13. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the predetermined bob
pressure difference is between 0.015 and 0.022 psi.
14. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the predetermined bob counter
value is between one and three, or between eight and twelve.
15. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the controller includes: a
power supply; a clock configured to enable timing functions; memory
configured to store logic instructions of the first immersion mode;
and a central processing unit (CPU) configured to execute the logic
instructions with two input buttons.
16. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the inflation source includes
a compressed gas cylinder and the inflator mechanism includes at
least one structure configured to open a valve or puncture a seal
to thereby release fluid contents of the compressed gas
cylinder.
17. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the sensor mechanism includes
first and second sensor devices, each having a sensor element, a
distal end of each of the sensor elements being recessed in from an
adjacent outermost surface of the respective sensor device by 0.9
to 1.1 mm, and the distal ends being spaced a distance apart,
center to center by 18 to 22 mm.
18. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the presence of water is
detected by measuring current flowing between two probes where the
current exceeds an amount corresponding to a saltwater-soaked
fabric extending between the probes.
19. A submersible actuator apparatus, comprising: an inflator
mechanism configured when operatively connected to an inflation
source and to an inflatable device to provide command-activated
release of fluid from the inflation source to the inflatable device
to thereby provide a buoyant force; a water sensor mechanism; a
water pressure sensor configured to measure external pressure
reflecting depth underwater; and a controller in communication with
the water sensor mechanism and the water pressure sensor to command
actuation of the inflator mechanism upon detection of predetermined
conditions including a mode that includes (a) if not above water
surface, determining yes or no whether a detected first pressure
differential that is greater than a predetermined first pressure
differential is greater than a predetermined second pressure
differential, and if yes actuating inflation and if no actuating a
timer for a first predetermined time period and setting T equal to
zero; (b) if during the first predetermined time period a second
pressure differential greater than a predetermined third pressure
differential is detected, actuating inflation; and (c) if during
the first predetermined time period with no inflation actuated, no
second pressure differential that is greater than the third
predetermined pressure differential is detected, returning to step
(a).
20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the first and the third
predetermined pressure differentials are the same.
21. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the first and third
predetermined pressure differentials correspond to a water depth of
0.4-0.6 inch, the second predetermined pressure differential
correspond to a water depth of 5.7-6.3 inches, and the first
predetermined time period is 2.5-3.5 seconds.
22. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the mode further comprising
upon returning to step (a), at least one of the first predetermined
pressure differential, second predetermined pressure differential,
third predetermined pressure differential, and first predetermined
time period is or was changed to a different value.
23. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the controller includes: a
power supply; a clock configured to enable timing functions for the
first predetermined time period; memory configured to store logic
instructions of the mode; and a central processing unit (CPU) to
execute the logic instructions.
24. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the inflation source includes
a compressed gas cylinder and the inflator mechanism includes at
least one structure configured to open a valve or puncture a seal
to thereby release fluid contents of the compressed gas
cylinder.
25. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising programming input
controls configured to set mode and depth and time triggers and
connected to the housing.
26. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the sensor mechanism includes
first and second sensor devices, each having a sensor element,
distal ends of each of the sensor elements are recessed in from an
adjacent outermost surface of the respective sensor device by 0.9
to 1.1 mm, and the distal ends are spaced a distance apart.
27. An inflation actuation method, comprising: (a) detecting the
presence of water; (b) if the water pressure differential is
greater than a predetermined trigger pressure differential,
actuating inflation of an inflatable device to provide a buoyant
force; (c) if the water pressure differential is less than the
predetermined trigger pressure differential and less than a
predetermined bob pressure differential, which is less than the
trigger pressure differential, returning to step (a); (d) if the
water pressure differential is less than the trigger pressure
differential and more than the bob pressure differential, adding a
unit to a bobbing counter value; (e) if the counter value now is
greater than a predetermined counter value, actuating inflation of
the inflatable device; and (f) if the counter value now is less
than the predetermined counter value, returning to step (a).
28. The method of claim 27 wherein step (a) is started only if a
immersion mode is selected.
29. The method of claim 27 further comprising: (g) before step (c),
if the water pressure differential is less than the predetermined
trigger pressure differential determining whether the current time
(T.sub.NOW) is greater than a predetermined decrement time value
(T.sub.DECREMENT), and (h) if T.sub.NOW is greater than the
T.sub.DECREMENT, recalculating T.sub.DECREMENT and decrementing the
bobbing counter value by a predetermined decrementation amount.
30. The method of claim 29 wherein the decrementation amount is
between 1 and 3.
31. The method of claim 28 wherein the predetermined water presence
corresponds to a level of current between water probes of an
apparatus of the method are greater than the current that would
flow if the water probes were connected by a salt-water soaked
fabric.
32. The method of claim 27 wherein the trigger pressure
differential is approximately six inches, the bob pressure
differential is approximately 0.5 inch and the predetermined number
of counter values is 2 or 3.
33. A submersible actuator apparatus, comprising: an inflation
source; an inflatable device; an inflator mechanism configured to
provide command-activated release of fluid from the inflation
source to the inflatable device and thereby provide a buoyant
force; and a controller configured to cause inflation of the
inflatable device to be actuated by the inflator mechanism when the
first of a deep submersion condition and a heavy bobbing condition
is detected; wherein the deep submersion condition occurs when a
first pressure differential is detected; wherein a heavy bobbing
condition occurs when either (a) a first predetermined number of
second pressure differentials is detected or (b) a second
predetermined number of third pressure differentials within a
preset time period is detected; and wherein the first pressure
differential is greater than the second and third pressure
differentials.
34. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the second predetermined
number is two.
35. The apparatus of claim 33 further comprising a water sensor
mechanism configured to detect the level of water presence and the
water sensor mechanism includes first and second spaced probes.
36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the predetermined level of
water presence corresponds to a predetermined current flowing
between the two probes at a given voltage where the two probes are
electrically connected by a resistance corresponding to a
salt-water soaked fabric.
37. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the resistance is
approximately five micro amps.
38. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein operative ends of the probes
are recessed in a distance from their surrounding structure.
39. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein the distance is between 0.9
and 1.1 mm.
40. The apparatus of claim 33 further comprising a water pressure
sensor configured to detect each of the pressure differentials.
41. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the sensor mechanism includes
first and second sensor devices, each having a sensor element,
distal ends of each of the sensor elements are recessed in from an
adjacent outermost surface of the respective sensor device by 0.9
to 1.1 mm, and the distal ends are spaced a distance apart.
42. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the controller includes: a
power supply; a clock configured to enable timing functions; memory
configured to store logic instructions; and a central processing
unit (CPU) configured to execute the logic instructions.
43. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the inflation source includes
a compressed gas cylinder and the inflator mechanism includes one
or more structures configured to open a valve or puncture a seal to
thereby release fluid contents of the compressed gas cylinder.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of co-pending U.S.
Provisional Application No. 61/589,334, filed on Jan. 21, 2012, and
whose entire contents are hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present disclosure relates to automatically inflatable
devices such as buoys, raft, and aquatic devices. More
particularly, the disclosure pertains to life protecting apparatus
and related personal flotation devices with programmable actuators
for controlling inflation.
[0003] Various personal flotation devices (PFDs) have been
developed through the years to provide a greater measure of safety
to users during activities that may present a risk of drowning.
Many activities conducted in proximity to water may benefit from
proper use of PFDs. Fishing, hunting, water skiing, canoeing,
kayaking, power cruising, sailing, swimming, snorkeling, and diving
are considered appropriate for use of PFDs. In addition, a range of
professional, government, military, and other specialized
applications exists.
[0004] PFDs may be independent devices such as throwable ring buoys
or buoyant cushions, or devices designed to be worn by users. Among
wearable devices, traditional PFDs can incorporate buoyant material
in a wearable arrangement that allows them an additional measure of
safety when worn during activities that carry a risk of drowning.
Familiar wearable PFDs include life jackets, life vests, life
preservers, and other conventional arrangements. More advanced PFDs
may incorporate a flexible bladder that a user can orally inflate
in an emergency. The reduced bulk of the uninflated bladder can be
a desirable feature for PFDs. Many PFDs provide inflation by a
disposable carbon dioxide (CO2) cylinder that may be activated by a
manual pull cord or lever.
[0005] Many types of inflators are designed to inflate articles
such as personal floatation devices (life vests, rings and
horseshoes), life rafts, buoys, and emergency signaling equipment.
These inflators can include a body for receiving the neck of a
cartridge of a compressed gas, such as CO2. A reciprocating firing
pin can be disposed within the body for piercing a frangible seal
of the cartridge to permit the compressed gas therein to flow into
a manifold in the body and then into the device to be inflated. A
manually movable firing lever can be operatively connected to the
firing pin such that the firing pin pierces the frangible seal of
the cartridge upon manual movement of the same.
[0006] In recent years, manual inflation has been augmented by PFDs
designed to automatically inflate upon water contact. Dissolving
tablets or other arrangements allow these automatic PFDs to inflate
when a wearer falls into water. A CO2 cylinder can be pierced or a
valve opened to release compressed gas to inflate a flexible
bladder and provide desired flotation to the user. One type of
water-activated automatic inflator includes a water-activated
trigger assembly including a water-destructible or dissolvable
element that retains a spring-loaded actuator pin in a cocked
position aligned with the firing pin. Upon immersion in water,
which causes the element to destruct or dissolve, the spring-loaded
actuator pin is released to forcibly move from the cocked position
to an actuated position to strike the firing pin, either directly
or indirectly by means of an intermediate transfer pin. Upon
striking the firing pin, the pin fractures the cartridge seal
thereby allowing the gas contained therein to flow into the
inflatable device to inflate it.
[0007] Another type of water-activated automatic inflator is a
water-activated, squib-powered inflator. As the term is commonly
used, a squib is a self-contained explosive charge. When actuated
by electric current, the charge explodes to actuate the
inflator.
[0008] Still another type of water-activated automatic inflator is
a fusible link assembly that retains a spring-loaded actuator pin
in a cocked position in alignment with the firing pin, either
directly or indirectly by means of an intermediate transfer pin.
Upon exposure to water, electrical current is supplied to a heater
wire, wrapped around the fusible link. Upon melting of the fusible
link, the actuator pin strikes the firing pin to fracture the seal
of the cartridge thereby allowing the gas contained therein to flow
into the inflatable device to inflate it.
SUMMARY
[0009] This section provides a general summary of the disclosure
and one or more of its advantages, and is not a comprehensive
disclosure of the full scope, of all of the features, of all of the
alternatives or embodiments or of all of the advantages.
[0010] A number of known inflation devices are disclosed in the
Background section above. The present disclosure includes
adaptations of each of those devices to include one or more of the
novel technologies disclosed herein and as would be apparent to
those skilled in the art.
[0011] An exemplary apparatus herein includes a (user-programmable)
submersible actuator apparatus for use in conjunction with
inflatable devices, such as personal flotation devices (PFDs) or
other inflatable flotation arrangements capable of supplying
inflatable buoyant force in accordance with selected combinations
of settings for duration of contact with water and extent of
immersion under water. The apparatus can provide a modular and
variably wearable configuration enabling a user to achieve a range
of PFD configurations to accommodate a variety of activities or
applications. The actuator apparatus can be worn as part of a PFD
harness or other wearing arrangements, or can be located remote
from the inflation bladder and connected with suitable hose or
tubing. Different numbers and sizes of inflation supplies
(compressed gas or other) can be interchanged as appropriate for
particular applications. The submersible actuator apparatus can
provide the ability to quickly and easily connect and disconnect to
different inflatable bladder configurations and/or appropriate
inflation sources, while enabling a user to conveniently select
from a number of programmed modes for automatic inflation.
[0012] Particular arrangements can include a personal flotation
device for providing buoyant force to a user under selected
circumstances. The mechanical designs of inflator mechanisms, that
being the structures for, or the opening a valve or puncturing a
seal and releasing contents of a compressed gas cylinder, are
numerous and well known to those skilled in the art.
[0013] According to an aspect of the disclosure provided herein is
an actuator apparatus for controlling inflation of a flotation
device in accordance with one or more user-programmed modes of
selected inflation conditions characterized by values for timed
interval with respect to depth of submersion detected. In this way,
the actuator apparatus provides a user with the ability to quickly
switch between programmed modes to adapt to changing activity
requirements. As an interchangeable module, the actuator apparatus
can provide flexible operating capabilities across a range of
application needs.
[0014] According to yet another embodiment, a programmable
submersible actuator apparatus configured to controllably release
contents of an inflation source for inflating a bladder worn by a
user to provide desired buoyant force is disclosed. The actuator
apparatus provides inflation in response to detection of selected
values of monitored variables reflecting environmental conditions.
The actuator apparatus can include a computer to process
information received from sensors in accordance with programmed
logic instructions stored in memory. A water detection sensor
enables actuation upon water contact. A pressure sensor enables
actuation to be initiated at a programmed depth, and it can be used
to start the recording of the time of submersion. Computer
circuitry having associated timer functions enables actuation to be
initiated at selected time intervals measured from water contact or
other selected events.
[0015] An alternative to detecting depth by detecting pressure
differential and which can be used with one or more of the novel
aspects of this disclosure is to detect depth by absolute
pressure.
[0016] In another embodiment, the disclosure relates to an actuator
apparatus for combination with an inflatable flotation device and
adapted for controllably releasing contents of an inflation source
to deliver buoyant force to the inflatable device in accordance
with selected combinations of values for immersion and/or
submersion. A programmable submersible actuator apparatus is
operably interposed between an inflation source and the inflation
bladder device to control device inflation in accordance with
programmed values. Compressed gas or solid propellant cool gas
generator or other means can be used for inflation. The actuator
apparatus further contemplates the use of one or more inflation
sources sized to the application, either reusable or disposable in
design.
[0017] In another embodiment the disclosure relates to an actuator
apparatus for an inflatable flotation device, programmed to
initiate inflation in accordance with at least one set of selected
values for water detection (immersion), depth underwater and
duration of time underwater (submersion).
[0018] In another embodiment the disclosure relates to an actuator
apparatus for an inflatable flotation device, allowing a user to
conveniently switch from one set (or mode) of selected values
adapted for providing inflation in the event of immersion, to
another set of selected values adapted for providing inflation in
the event of undesirable degree of submersion. The actuator
apparatus is adapted to provide convenient switching or changing of
configurations from a mode for inflation upon immersion to a mode
for inflation upon defined submersion. A user may select or change
modes as desired to accommodate an activity or anticipated
conditions.
[0019] In another embodiment the disclosure relates to an actuator
apparatus for an inflatable flotation device allowing a user to
select from a plurality of modes adapted to provide inflation of a
bladder in response to selected values of monitored conditions or
variables. Monitored conditions or variables can include one or
more of water detection, time, atmospheric pressure, water
pressure, depth, inflation source pressure, internal actuator
pressure, or other variables.
[0020] In another embodiment the disclosure relates to an actuator
apparatus for an inflatable flotation device allowing a user to
select a mode of operation adaptable to a variety of activities and
conditions. The actuator apparatus can be modularly constructed to
allow operational connection with a variety of inflatable bladder
arrangements designed for particular activities and objectives. The
actuator apparatus can accommodate one or more inflation sources
selected to provide the buoyant force or volume required for a
selected inflatable bladder or activity.
[0021] In another embodiment the disclosure relates to an actuator
apparatus for an inflatable flotation device that allows a user to
quickly connect or disconnect the actuator apparatus from one
inflatable bladder to another as desired to accommodate user
activities or objectives. The actuator apparatus may be adapted to
retain a variety of inflation sources. Inflation source needs may
vary with inflatable bladder selection and anticipated use.
Refillable or disposable compressed gas containers as well as cool
gas generators can be used. Many types of systems exist that
generate cool gases for pneumatic or pressurization systems, and
for inflating inflatable objects. Hot gases can be generated by a
solid propellant, and then flow through a dissociated bed of solid
endothermic material that is decomposed to generate cool gases
mixing with and cooling the hot gases. The cooled gases flow
through an aspirator and into an inflatable device to be
inflated.
[0022] In another embodiment the disclosure relates to an actuator
apparatus for inflatable flotation devices providing a modular
configuration in combination with selected inflatable bladders and
having the capability for mounting or wearing in a desired
location. The adapter apparatus can use inflation hose connections
to operably communicate with bladder and inflation source to
controllably release inflation source contents into the
bladder.
[0023] In yet another embodiment the disclosure relates to a
personal flotation device including an actuator apparatus that
enables a user to selectably store one or more modes or sets of
values for providing automatic inflation of the device under
predetermined conditions. A mode selector can be configured
external to the actuator apparatus for remote mounting by a user in
a desired location. Further, the "black box" feature of the memory
unit can allow for complete recordation of all events while
submerged--every second the depth and temperature are recorded.
This feature has the practical value, for example, of providing
surfers with knowledge of submersion patterns while being held down
in large waves, and alternatively to assist military personnel in
determining the size of the inflation charge needed to return a
heavily-laden soldier to the surface.
[0024] In a further embodiment, an actuator apparatus can
incorporate methods for detecting and confirming immersion in
water. Such methods can include the detection of the presence of
water in prescribed combinations with detected water pressure above
a prescribed threshold value over a prescribed period of time. Such
methods can provide actuation of inflation only in response to the
detection of water presence and prescribed combinations of
frequency and amplitude of water pressure values over a prescribed
time period, thereby preventing undesired inflation from false
detection of immersion.
[0025] Also disclosed is an actuator apparatus for combination with
a suitable inflatable flotation device configuration, adapted to
recover oceanographic research instruments deployed at desired
locations without buoys or other markers and easily programmed to
return to the surface for retrieval after a selected time.
Industry, research, and particularly military programs have
occasion for use of programmed inflation that is dependent on
selected time and depth values. Through similar adaptation,
military Special Operations forces can conceal equipment and
supplies underwater and return to retrieve them when they resurface
such as at a programmed time. Oceanographic deep water sampling
equipment can be deployed to a selected depth. The apparatus can
enable oceanographers to collect the floating sample containers
when they return to the surface through buoyant force. Winches,
cables and large ships thereby may not be needed. The range of
applications for the programmable submersible actuator apparatus
disclosed herein is broad as those skilled in the art will
appreciate.
[0026] Apparatuses of the disclosure can be configured to have one
or more of following tactical advantages. (a) The actuator unit can
be located in one pouch, located anywhere on the user's body for
tactical advantage according to SOP, or user's personal
preferences. (b) Modes can be changed on the fly to set auto-water
inflate at first water contact and to turn the LEDs off for full
black-out. (c) Operational LEDs can be covered by two black-out
layers and can be turned off by the user on the fly even when the
user is wearing heavy gloves. (d) The universal mounts can
accommodate a variety of battle-vest or backpack configurations.
(e) Reliable electronics similar to the CYPRES can allow users to
rely on one activation unit that can be easily operated by either
gloved hand in the dark.
[0027] Further, an inflatable PFD apparatus of the disclosure can
be configured to have one or more of the following advantages. (a)
The water sensor can use electronic sensors and intelligent
programming to effectively differentiate immersion from waves or
rain, instead of a dissolvable pill/pellet, which can cause
unwanted inflation from large wave splashes or in heavy rain. (b) A
pressure sensor can be electronic, calibrated, solid state, and
reliable. These sensors can survive when returned to ground level
after travel at aircraft altitudes. (c) The apparatus can be highly
programmable, which enables rapid mission critical customization.
For example, (i) Depth setting: changeable from depth setting of
five feet for a river crossing, or fifteen feet for an over-water
jump; and unwanted inflation is avoided. (ii) Time setting:
different time requirements for escape from an overturned Zodiac or
a sinking helicopter for a rescue swimmer; this can include a
commando who has fallen into the water and who can quickly
resurface so he may complete his mission unimpeded by a premature
inflation of his PFD. (iv) An automatic surface mode for instant
inflation for falling into the water, for example, while climbing
up a ship's ladder or working on the bow of a ship in heavy
weather.
[0028] An apparatus of the present disclosure can be mounted on the
back of the user to keep the user's chest area unobstructed. It
further can be programmable on the fly for generally any situation
including: (i) an automatic mode where it inflates when immersed;
(ii) a program mode where it inflates according to time and depth
conditions selected; and (iii) a manual mode where it inflates when
user pulls a cord (or the like).
[0029] That is, multiple modes of activation of the apparatus can
be provided. The "automatic modes" can include: (i) an immersion
mode where inflation is upon water contact; (ii) a deep submersion
mode where inflation occurs when programmed depth is exceeded;
(iii) a time submersion mode where inflation occurs when programmed
time underwater is exceeded; (iv) a deep time submersion mode where
inflation occurs when programmed time below depth is exceeded; and
(v) a custom mode where it inflates when programmed custom
conditions are met. An example of a custom condition/mode is
computer code written for surfers whereby the cumulative submersion
time of proximal multiple submersions over a threshold of one meter
is tallied. The actuator will fire provided that the cumulative
time exceeds the surfer's time trigger setting and there has not
been an intervening surface interval of thirty seconds, for
example. The "manual modes" can include a ripcord to initiate
inflation and/or an oral inflation tube. A user can program the
actuator using status LEDs (or an optional LCD display) to confirm
settings, similar to a CYPRES parachute safety unit (no PC
needed).
[0030] The actuator unit can be modular with the inflation vest. It
can be combined with many bladder vests or can be integrated into a
custom vest pack designed to the user's specifications. An example
of an inflatable device is a horseshoe Molyweave Model bladder.
Further, the actuator unit can be modular and can be attached where
needed for the operator and the mission. By using differently sized
single or dual CO2 cartridges, the rate of and amount of inflation
can adjust the amount of lift.
[0031] An example of an inflatable device usable in embodiments
herein is a two CO2 cylinder arrangement for redundancy as well as
for rapid filling and increased flotation. Generally all sizes of
CO2 cylinders can be accepted to allow for multiple lift and depth
configurations providing up to one hundred sixty-four pounds lift,
for example. Three examples for cylinder size in grams; surface
flotation in pounds; and buoyant force at thirty feet in pounds
are: (1) 38; 92; 48; (2) 38-68; 128; 67; and (3) 68; 164; 86.
[0032] The inflatable device (such as a pair of CO2 cylinders) can
be recovered to cover the Special Operation Forces (SOF) operator
in a face-up, chest-up, reclining position, which is excellent for
in-water rescue. It can offer a rapid-dump ripcord to provide for
fast deflation needed to escape a confined space or to allow
unimpeded swimming for mission completion once the SOF commando has
surfaced. Partial deflation can allow the SOF operator to adjust
the lift to provide a stable water-borne attack platform,
supporting gear and providing a stable aiming platform. A
two-cylinder configuration of the disclosure advantageously allows
for inflation to be symmetrical; in contrast units that inflate
after each bead handle is pulled can cause the user to tip off
balance when the first unilateral, asymmetrical "water wing" is
activated.
[0033] According to an aspect of the disclosure a submersible life
jacket, or a PFD, provides for a programmable delay in inflation
following immersion due to either exceeding a user-set maximum
time, a user-set maximum depth and/or a user-set combination
thereof.
[0034] Pursuant to another embodiment a submersible actuator
apparatus is disclosed, which includes: an inflator mechanism
configured to be operatively connected to an inflation source and
to an inflatable device; the inflator mechanism when operatively
connected to the inflation source and the inflatable device
provides command-activated release of gas stored in fluid form from
the inflation source to the inflatable device and thereby provides
a buoyant force; a water sensor mechanism; a water pressure sensor
configured to permit measurement of external pressure reflecting
depth underwater; and a controller in communication with the water
sensor mechanism and the water pressure sensor to command actuation
of the inflator mechanism upon detection of predetermined
conditions.
[0035] Yet another submersible actuator apparatus disclosed herein
includes an inflator mechanism configured when operatively
connected to an inflation source and to an inflatable device to
provide command-activated release of fluid from the inflation
source to the inflatable device to thereby provide a buoyant force
for the user. A controller communicates with a water sensor
mechanism and a water pressure sensor (which measures external
pressure reflecting depth underwater) to command actuation of the
inflator mechanism upon detection of predetermined conditions. The
conditions include a mode that includes (a) if not above water
surface, determining "yes" or "no" whether a detected first
pressure differential that is greater than a predetermined first
pressure differential (e.g., 0.5 inch) is greater than a
predetermined second pressure differential (e.g., six inches), and
if "yes" actuating inflation of the inflatable device and if "no"
actuating a timer (of the controller) for a first predetermined
time period (e.g., three seconds); (b) if during the first
predetermined time period a second pressure differential greater
than the predetermined third pressure differential (e.g., 0.5 inch)
is detected, actuating inflation; (c) if during the first
predetermined time period with no inflation actuated, no second
pressure differential that is greater than the third predetermined
pressure differential is detected, returning to step (a).
[0036] A "bob" can be defined herein as a subtle change in depth as
might be seen if the device/apparatus is slipped into a calm sea
(which is very unusual), with the usual case being a person falling
into the water in which case a six-inch delta threshold (mentioned
numerous times in this disclosure) is easily met.
[0037] Yet another submersible actuator apparatus disclosed herein
includes an inflator mechanism configured when operatively
connected to an inflation source and to an inflatable device to
provide command-activated release of fluid from the inflation
source to the inflatable device to thereby provide a buoyant force
for the user. A controller is in communication with a water sensor
mechanism and a water pressure sensor (which measures external
pressure reflecting depth underwater) to command actuation of the
inflator mechanism upon detection of predetermined conditions. The
conditions include a mode that includes (a) if water is detected,
determining a pressure difference; (b) if the determined pressure
difference is greater than a predetermined maximum pressure
difference (e.g., six inches), actuating inflation; (c) if the
determined pressure difference is not greater than the
predetermined maximum pressure difference compare the present time
T.sub.NOW with a previously calculated decrement time
T.sub.DECREMENT (d) if T.sub.NOW is greater than T.sub.DECREMENT
then decrementing a bob counter and re-calculating a new
T.sub.DECREMENT (e) if the determined pressure difference is not
greater than a predetermined bob pressure difference (e.g., 0.5
inch), returning to step (a); (d) if the determined pressure
difference is greater than the predetermined bob pressure
difference add a unit to a counter to create a new bob counter
value; (e) if the new bob counter value is not greater than a
predetermined bob counter value (e.g., two or three), returning to
step (a); and (f) if the new counter value is greater than the
predetermined bob counter value, actuating inflation.
[0038] Pursuant to another embodiment, a submersible actuator
apparatus includes an inflation source, an inflatable device, and
an inflator mechanism that provides command-activated release of
fluid from the inflation source to the inflatable device and
thereby provides a buoyant force. A controller of the apparatus is
configured to cause inflation of the inflatable device to be
actuated by the inflator mechanism when the first of a deep
submersion condition and a heavy bobbing condition is detected. The
deep submersion condition occurs when a first pressure differential
is detected. And the heavy bobbing condition occurs when either (a)
a first predetermined number of second pressure differentials is
detected or (b) a second predetermined number of third pressure
differentials within a preset time period is detected. The first
pressure differential is greater than the second and third pressure
differentials.
[0039] The sensor mechanism of apparatuses disclosed herein can
include first and second sensor devices spaced apart, each having a
sensor element recessed in from an adjacent outermost surface by
1.2 to 0.8 mm, 1.1 to 0.9 mm, or 1.0 mm.
[0040] The inflation bladder can be modular and can be attached
with a Mulyweave into any vest or can be integrated into a special
vest designed to house the inflation bladder.
[0041] The water sensor can be constructed so as to not cause the
vest to inflate during large wave splashes or in heavy rains.
Instead, an electronic sensor and software can be used to
accurately discriminate immersion from waves and rain.
[0042] The pressure sensor can be an electronic sensor, which does
not fail after travel at aircraft altitudes when they return to the
surface.
[0043] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the
present disclosures will become better understood with reference to
the following description. There has been outlined, rather broadly,
the more important features of the disclosure in order that the
detailed description thereof may be better understood and in order
that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated.
There are additional features will be described hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0044] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes
only of selected aspects of the present teachings and not all
possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope
of the present teachings.
[0045] FIG. 1 is a first perspective view of an apparatus of the
present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 2 is a second perspective view of the apparatus.
[0047] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the apparatus with the cover
removed.
[0048] FIG. 4 is a plan cross-sectional view of the apparatus.
[0049] FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one of the
sensors or probes of the apparatus illustrated in isolation.
[0050] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a controller arrangement of
the apparatus.
[0051] FIG. 7 is an electrical schematic of a water sensor of the
apparatus.
[0052] FIG. 8 is a logic flow chart of the apparatus.
[0053] FIG. 9 is a logic flow chart showing a first variation of a
portion of the flow chart of FIG. 8.
[0054] FIG. 10 is a logic flow chart showing a second variation of
a portion of the flow chart of FIG. 8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0055] Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding
parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
[0056] An exemplary apparatus herein is capable of alternative
embodiments and of being practiced and applied in various ways.
Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology
employed herein are for the purpose of the description and should
not be regarded as limiting.
[0057] Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the systems
and methods disclosed herein may be practiced without one or more
of the specific details, or with other methods, components,
materials, etc. In some instances, well-known structures,
materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail. The
described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined
in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It is also
readily understood that components of the embodiments, as generally
described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged
and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. For
this application, the phrases "connected to" and "coupled to" and
"adapted to" are used to refer to any form of interaction between
two or more entities, including mechanical, magnetic, or other
interaction. Two components may be coupled to each other even
though they are not in direct contact with each other.
Apparatus and Housing Overview
[0058] Referring now to FIGS. 1 through 4, an embodiment of a
programmable submersible actuator apparatus in accordance with the
present disclosure is shown generally at 100. Apparatus 100
includes a housing 110, which provides a watertight electronics
compartment for computer controller 120 (FIG. 6). Housing 110 can
be constructed of polycarbonate and pressure tested to one hundred
meters depth, enabling the apparatus to be used by divers,
military, scientists and others. Quick-disconnect fitting 130 can
enable flow of the released contents of inflation source shown
generally at 140 to a chosen inflatable device, which is shown
schematically at block 150 (FIG. 1) and an example of which can be
a life vest. Inflation source 140 can be dual compressed gas
cylinders, each held by respective receptacles 144 of the housing
110. Quick-disconnect fitting 130 can be adapted to connect
directly to an inflatable device or to a suitable hose connected to
an inflatable device. Quick-disconnect fitting 130 can be universal
in order to be compatible with most life vests. An integrated
Schrader valve can be used to prevent retrograde flow of water from
the inflatable flotation device 150 flowing into inflator mechanism
160. The inflator mechanism 160, for example, can have a
compression spring within a barrel to exert a linear force through
mechanical linkage to a piercing ram assembly for releasing the
contents of inflation source 140.
[0059] The housing 110 thus can contain computer controller
components and associated circuitry, power supply, and autoinflator
mechanisms for controllably releasing contents of the inflation
source 140. User interface 170 can provide buttons or similar
components for inputting and selecting values of depth, time, or
depth and time to define one or more modes for initiating
inflation.
[0060] The water sensor mechanism shown generally at 180 on housing
110 enables detection of water. Multiple sensor probes can be used
to improve reliability of water detection.
Water Pressure Sensor
[0061] The water pressure sensor 190 measures external pressures
reflecting depth. The pressure sensor 190, for example, can be an
MS5535-BM--Pressure Sensor Module available from Intersema Sensoric
SA of Bevaix, Switzerland and Hampton, Va. This sensor is an
SMD-hybrid device and includes a piezo-resistive pressure sensor
and an ADC-Interface IC. It provides a 16-Bit data word from a
pressure and temperature dependent voltage. Additionally, the
module contains six readable coefficients for a highly accurate
software calibration of the sensor. This device is a low power, low
voltage device with automatic power down (on/off) switching. A
three-wire interface can be used for communications with a
microcontroller.
Controller
[0062] Referring to FIG. 6, computer controller 120 can include a
power supply 200, central processor unit (CPU) 210, memory 220,
logic 230 (FIG. 8, for example), and clock 240. The clock 240
enables timing functions, allowing a user to input selected time
values when defining modes of settings for activating inflator
mechanism 160 to release contents of the inflation source 140 for
inflating the inflatable device 150.
[0063] The display 250 provides information and status of apparatus
100 for viewing. Mode selector 260 allows a user to easily select a
programmed mode for automatic inflation. Manual activation control
270 allows a user to manually initiate inflation. Manual activation
may be a mechanical operation, such as a ripcord or lever or may be
implemented electromechanically through a button or a switch.
[0064] The display 250 can provide visual information to a user.
Display 250 may include LEDs for communicating apparatus status and
modes, as well as LCD or similar displays for improved interface
and programming. As an example, three LEDs can be provided, namely,
Red to signal warning or error; Green to signal power on and status
OK; and Blue to indicate an "immersion" mode (i.e., automatic
inflation upon detection of water contact). Mode selector 260
allows a user to easily switch from one programmed mode to another,
as desired. Programmed modes are combinations of values for depth
and time (and/or other values), selected by a user in accordance
with his needs for automatic inflation. In the event that a user
requires automatic inflation under conditions that have not met the
selected, programmed mode, manual activation control 110 allows a
user to immediately activate inflation.
[0065] Further to the description above, FIG. 6 is a block diagram
that depicts major operational components of computer controller
120. Controller 120 incorporates power supply 200 in operable
connection with CPU 210 and memory 220. Memory 220 stores program
instructions for executing logic 230 in cooperating with CPU 210,
for providing instructions on activating inflator mechanism 160, in
addition to storing values for time, depth, and other necessary
data, and switching modes in accordance with user selection. Memory
220 can include providing "black box" immersion time, depth and
temperature data storage functions in support of forensic analysis,
performance review, and product improvement.
[0066] Water sensors 180, whose construction and operation will be
described later in detail, detect the presence of water and thereby
enable controller 120 to detect immersion. And the use of multiple
water sensors may improve reliability of water detection. Immersion
can be defined herein as an established degree of certainty of
water contact.
[0067] Water pressure sensor 190 provides data on depth underwater
and enables controller 120 to detect submersion. Submersion can be
defined herein as a confirmed presence underwater.
[0068] Controller 120 can allow CPU 220 and memory 230 to execute
instructions in accordance with timer functions of a clock 240 as
would be understood by those skilled in the art from this
disclosure. Buttons of interface 170 enable a user to input
selected values for time and depth, in order to define modes that
control the conditions for automatic inflation. Display elements
provide information to a user, and LEDs and/or LCDs can be
preferred. LEDs of multiple colors may communicate varying status
conditions. For example, a green LED may indicate a "power on"
condition, a blue LED may indicate an "immersion" mode (i.e.,
automatic inflation upon detection of water contact), and a red LED
may indicate an error condition. Buttons (or other controls) of
interface 170 can enable a user to enter selected values for depth
and time, and to create multiple modes for automatic inflation. A
user can input values, by way of interface 170, for selected depth
and time values that define conditions for inflation. Different
modes can be programmed for water detection (immersion), depth
underwater and duration of time underwater (submersion). Users can
choose depth and time values that correspond to the needs of their
particular activity.
[0069] In one embodiment, LCD display 250 allows a user to visually
confirm their inputted values in programming of modes for
operation. Mode selector 260 enables a user to quickly and
conveniently select or change programmed modes from an immersion
mode 280 (FIG. 8) (for inflation upon water contact) to a
submersion mode 290 (FIG. 8) (for inflation upon defined
submersion). A user may select modes 300 as desired to accommodate
an activity or anticipated conditions. Mode selector 260,
alternatively, can be independent from housing 110 to enable
mounting in a desired location by the user.
Flow Chart of FIG. 8
[0070] Referring now to FIG. 8, logic 230 is depicted in flow chart
form for the computer controller 200 of FIG. 4, contained in the
actuator apparatus 100. For a combination of apparatus 100 with a
selected inflatable flotation device 150, a user sets a mode of
operation with mode selector 300. Immersion mode 280 or submersion
mode 290 may be selected. Actuator apparatus 100 allows a user to
select from a plurality of modes adapted to provide inflation of a
bladder in response to selected values of monitored conditions or
variables. Monitored conditions or variables can include water
detection, time, atmospheric pressure, water pressure, depth,
inflation source pressure, internal actuator pressure, or other
variables in accordance with available sensor data. One embodiment
enables user programming of selected values for depth underwater
and time underwater.
[0071] With immersion mode 280 selected, computer controller 120
executes programmed logic 230 to decide if predetermined conditions
indicating immersion have been detected 320. Immersion can be
defined as an established degree of certainty of water contact.
Controller 120 monitors data from water sensors 180 to detect
immersion 320. If immersion is not detected, the actuator apparatus
remains on standby. When immersion is detected, computer controller
120 sends instructions to activate inflator mechanism 160 and
initiates inflation 330. Inflator mechanism 160 causes gas to be
released from inflation source 140 to inflatable flotation device
150, providing desired buoyant force.
[0072] By selecting immersion mode 280, activation of inflator
mechanism 160 occurs when the established degree of certainty of
water contact is detected 320. Immersion detection systems using
multiple water sensors are often troubled by undesired inflation
under conditions other than immersion. The method of immersion
detection 320 of the disclosure eliminates undesired inflation,
along with the need for periodic replacement of sensing-related
detector components, while still providing reliable detection of
immersion and resulting actuation of inflation 330.
[0073] With submersion mode 290 selected, computer controller 200
can execute programmed logic 230 to decide if conditions indicating
initial submersion have been detected 340. Submersion according to
a definition herein is a confirmed presence below a predetermined
depth underwater. For one programmed mode, a user inputs selected
values for time and depth 350 into actuator apparatus 100 through
interface 170. The selected time is the "trigger time," and the
selected depth is the "trigger depth." Unless computer controller
120 detects submersion (continuously) for the programmed trigger
time, inflation will not occur, unless the trigger depth is
detected. Computer controller 120 monitors data from water sensor
180, pressure sensor 190, and time values from CPU 210, to detect
occurrence of submersion 340.
[0074] When submersion is detected, computer controller 120 can
start measuring the period of submersion. When the period of
submersion reaches the programmed trigger time 350, computer
controller 120 can trigger time exceeded 360 and send instructions
to activate inflator mechanism 160 and initiate inflation 330.
[0075] The computer controller 120 monitors submersion time as well
as depth of submersion. When the depth of submersion reaches the
programmed trigger depth 350, computer controller determines
trigger depth exceeded 370 and sends instructions to activate
inflator mechanism 160 and initiates inflation 330.
[0076] If neither the trigger depth nor the trigger time is
detected, automatic inflation will not occur. A user may manually
initiate inflation 380 through use of manual activation control
270, which activates inflator mechanism 120 to initiate inflation
330. Additional modes may be programmed for time and depth values
selected by a user, and as will be discussed below with reference
to FIGS. 9 and 10.
Flow Chart of FIG. 9
[0077] Referring to FIG. 9, a flow chart of the logic of an
inflation process of the disclosure is illustrated generally at
400. The process starts and the presence of water is detected as
depicted by block 410 or the negative thereof: whether above the
surface of the water. This can be done by the water sensor
mechanism 180. If not above the water surface (in other words, the
presence of water is detected), then when a first pressure
differential greater than a first predetermined pressure
differential (such as 0.5 inch) (alternatively referred to as a
bobbing differential pressure (.DELTA.P.sub.BOB)) is detected 420,
a determination is made at block 430 as to whether the first
pressure differential is greater than a second predetermined
pressure differential (such as six inches)(alternatively referred
to as maximum pressure differential .DELTA.P.sub.MAX)). If it is
greater, then inflation is actuated 440. If it is not greater then
a timer is started for a predetermined time period (such as three
seconds) (block 450). If during the time period a subsequent test
for the presence of water indicates no water present (block 455),
then the process resets and continues to test for a subsequent
presence of water (block 410). Otherwise, if water is detected
(block 455), then the timer may be sampled and, if the time period
is less than or equal to three seconds (block 460), then a second
pressure differential detected and compared to a third
predetermined pressure differential (such as 0.5 inch) (block 465).
If greater than the third predetermined pressure differential, then
inflation is actuated (block 440). However, if during the time
period (block 460) no pressure differential greater than the third
predetermined pressure (block 465) is detected, then return to the
"water detected" block 455.
[0078] With continued reference to the flow chart (logic) of FIG.
9, upon returning to block 410 (from block 460), the process is
repeated. It can be repeated with all of the same first, second and
third predetermined pressure differentials and the same
predetermined time period. Alternatively, one or more of these
values can be different (changed).
[0079] In other words, a method of the disclosure for determining
when to actuate inflation follows. If the presence of water is
detected (such as is described in detail elsewhere in this
disclosure) 410 and a pressure differential greater than a first
predetermined pressure differential is detected 420: (a) if the
detected pressure differential is greater than a second
predetermined pressure differential that is higher than the first
predetermined pressure differential 420, actuating inflation 440 of
the inflatable device to provide a buoyant force; (b) if the
detected pressure is not greater than the higher second
predetermined pressure differential, continuously measuring
pressure differentials for a predetermined time period; (c) if
during the predetermined time period water continues to be detected
and a pressure differential greater than a third predetermined
pressure differential that is less than the second predetermined
pressure differential is detected, actuating inflation of the
inflatable device to provide the buoyant force; and (d) if during
the predetermined time period no pressure differential greater than
the third predetermined pressure differential is detected,
returning to step (a).
[0080] The first predetermined pressure differential can be 0.5
inch (or 0.48-0.52 inch), the second predetermined pressure
differential can be six inches (or 5.8 to 6.2 inches), the third
predetermined pressure differential can be 0.5 inch (or 0.48-0.52
inch), the predetermined time period can be three seconds (or 2.5
to 3.5 seconds) and the continuously measuring can be every second
or every half second. The first and third predetermined pressure
differentials can be the same or different.
[0081] In other words, there is a constantly moving window of time
having a duration of the predetermined time period and if two
pressure differentials greater than the first predetermined
pressure differential are detected during the moving window of
time, inflation is actuated. If the second pressure differential
exceeding the first predetermined pressure differential is after
the predetermined time period then the timer is restarted to look
for another pressure differential greater that the first
differential within the reset time period. That is, if two pressure
differentials greater than the first predetermined pressure
differential are detected within a time period not greater than the
predetermined time period, inflation is actuated. And if a pressure
differential that is greater than the second predetermined pressure
differential is detected any time during the process, inflation is
actuated.
[0082] A first variation of the logic 400 is to include detection
of a fourth predetermined pressure differential within the time
period where the fourth predetermined pressure differential is less
than the third predetermined pressure differential and less than
the second predetermined pressure differential. A second variation
is to include two (or more) identical predetermined pressure
differentials within the time period, where inflation is actuated
when both of these pressure differential readings have been
detected within the time period.
Flow Chart of FIG. 10
[0083] Referring to FIG. 10, a flow chart of the logic of an
inflation process of the disclosure is illustrated generally at
500. Referring to the top thereof, the immersion mode is selected
510, which can be done by the user operating the control panel,
such as by pushing a corresponding button or other control. Or it
may be that the inflation immersion mode was preselected before the
user put the apparatus on. Another alternative is that the
apparatus only includes an immersion mode in which case it was
"selected" by the manufacturer.
[0084] A decrement time value (T.sub.DECREMENT) is set to equal the
current time (T.sub.NOW) plus a predetermined decay time
(T.sub.DECAY) at block 515 to set up the process to decrement the
later-described bob count (alternately referred to as a "bobbing
counter" or "count") after a predetermined time (T.sub.DECREMENT)
The next step is whether the presence of water is detected as
depicted by block 520. This can be done by the water sensor
mechanism 180. If water is not detected (block 520),
T.sub.DECREMENT is recalculated (block 515) and the presence of
water is again detected. The detecting and recalculating loop may
continue until water is detected. Once water is detected (block
520), the process may hold for a time period (T.sub.NOW) equal to
the current time (T.sub.NOW) plus a predetermined delay time
(.DELTA.T) (block 525) before sampling a pressures (P(t) and
P(t-w)) to compute a pressure differential (.DELTA.P) (block 530).
.DELTA.T may be 0.125 seconds or any other desired time sample
period. The computed sample pressure differential (.DELTA.P) is
then compared to a predetermined pressure differential representing
the value at which inflation actuation occurs unconditionally
(.DELTA.P.sub.MAX) at block 540. The predetermined pressure
differential (.DELTA.P.sub.MAX) can be six inches, for example. If
the measured/computed pressure differential is greater than the
predetermined pressure differential (block 540) then the actuator
is signaled to actuate inflation (block 550).
[0085] If it is not greater, it the current time (T.sub.NOW) is
compared to the decrement time value (T.sub.DECREMENT) and, if the
current time (T.sub.NOW) is greater than the decrement time value
(T.sub.DECREMENT) (block 542), then a bobbing counter (B) is
decremented (block 544), the decrement time value (T.sub.DECREMENT)
recalculated (block 548) and the pressure differential (.DELTA.P)
compared to a bobbing pressure differential (.DELTA.P.sub.BOB)
(block 560), reflecting a depth corresponding to 0.5 inch. The
bobbing pressure differential can be 0.5 inch, for example. If it
is not greater than the bobbing pressure differential
(.DELTA.P.sub.BOB), then the process returns to the water detection
block 520. On the other hand, if it is greater then the bobbing
pressure differential, then add one to (or increment) a counter to
a new bobbing counter value 570. If the new counter value is less
than a predetermined number of bobs 580, then the process returns
to the water detected block 520 (but the counter value has been
increased by one). If the new counter value is greater than the
predetermined number of bobs 580, then inflation is actuated 550.
An exemplary predetermined number of bobs is two or three (or
between two and three), and the number can be based on empirical
testing. In one embodiment, the predetermined maximum pressure can
be between 0.17 and 0.27 psi, for example 0.22 psi. And the
predetermined bob pressure difference can be between 0.015 and
0.022 psi, for example 0.0185 psi. The predetermined delay time
(.DELTA.T) may be 0.125 seconds and predetermined decay time
(T.sub.DECAY) three seconds. The predetermined number of bobs
(B.sub.LIMIT) may be 2.
[0086] In other words, a method of the disclosure for determining
when to actuate inflation follows. (a) If the presence of water is
detected (such as is described in detail elsewhere in this
disclosure) 520, waiting a predetermined sample period 525 and then
determining a pressure difference 530; (b) if the determined
pressure difference is greater than a predetermined maximum
pressure difference 540, actuating inflation 550; (c) the current
time T.sub.NOW is checked to determine if it exceeds a previously
calculated T.sub.DECREMENT and, if T.sub.NOW exceeds
T.sub.DECREMENT, then a bobbing counter is decremented 544 and a
new T.sub.DECREMENT calculated 548; (d) if the determined pressure
difference is not greater than the predetermined maximum pressure
difference and is not greater than a predetermined bob pressure
difference that is less than the predetermined maximum pressure
difference 560, returning to step (a); (d) if the determined
pressure difference is not greater than the predetermined maximum
pressure and is greater than the predetermined bob pressure
difference 560, adding a unit to a counter to create a new counter
value 570; (e) if the new counter value is not greater than a
predetermined maximum bob counter value (B.sub.LIMIT) 580,
returning to step (a); and (f) if the new counter value is greater
than the predetermined bob counter value 580, actuating inflation
550.
[0087] The determining the pressure difference 530 can include
determining from a plurality of sampled pressure differences. The
predetermined maximum pressure can be the equivalent of six inches
of water, the predetermined bob pressure difference can be the
equivalent of 1/2 inch of water, and the predetermined bob counter
value can be between one and two or between two and three.
[0088] A decrementation process of the bob counter value can also
be included in the steps of this mode, for the purpose of
inadvertent inflation over time. This process can be provided to
take into account that if bobs are very infrequent the user is not
likely in distress. The decrementation steps are shown by boxes
542, 544 and 548 in FIG. 10 and the connecting lines. Referring
again to FIG. 10, at box 520 T.sub.NOW is set at the time at that
moment. When the pressure differential is determined to not be
greater than the predetermined maximum pressure difference, present
time (T.sub.NOW) is compared the previously calculated
T.sub.DECREMENT 542, which for example can be 2-4 seconds. If it is
not greater then the process continues to decision box 560. On the
other hand, if it is greater then the counter value is decreased by
a decremental amount, which can be 1-3, for example.
T.sub.DECREMENT is recalculated (block 548) and the process
continues to decision box 560.
Combined Flow Charts
[0089] It is also within the scope herein to combine the features
and decisions of the two above-discussed flow charts to provide an
apparatus and method as follows.
[0090] Pursuant to this embodiment, the submersible actuator
apparatus includes an inflation source, an inflatable device, and
an inflator mechanism that provides command-activated release of
fluid from the inflation source to the inflatable device and
thereby provides a buoyant force. A controller of the apparatus is
configured to cause inflation of the inflatable device to be
actuated by the inflator mechanism when the first of a deep
submersion condition and a heavy bobbing condition is detected. The
deep submersion condition can occur when a first pressure
differential is detected. And the heavy bobbing condition can occur
when either (a) a first predetermined number of second pressure
differentials is detected (see FIG. 10) or (b) a second
predetermined number of third pressure differentials within a
preset time period is detected (see FIG. 9). The first pressure
differential is greater than the second and third pressure
differentials.
Water Sensor Mechanism
[0091] The sensor mechanism 180 can be configured and constructed,
the inventors have discovered, such that they send a water
immersion signal in the event of floating in a fresh water lake on
the one hand, but on the other hand do not send a water immersion
signal when not immersed in water but when the sensor devices or
probes 600, 610 (FIGS. 3, 4 and 7) are bridged by a saltwater
saturated fabric, such as a retaining pouch or the sleeve of a
jacket. Further, the sensor mechanism 180 should not be susceptible
to "bubble blocking" where one or more bubbles prevent or interfere
with accurate water immersion measurement. Pursuant to the present
disclosure a construction that meets these requirements has a pair
of sensors 600, 610, each recessed a distance as shown by 620 in
FIG. 5 of 0.9-1.1 mm (or 1.0 mm). More specifically, each sensor
can include a sensor element 630 in a housing or sleeve 640 with
the distal end 650 of the sensor element recessed a distance 620
into the end of the sleeve.
Test
[0092] Four water samples were tested, and a separate row is
provided for each of them in the Table below. The samples were: (a)
water obtained from reverse osmosis; (b) tap water; (c) fabric
soaked in salt water; and (d) salt water. Each reading was made
until a steady number resulted, which took several seconds. More
specifically, it took a second or two before a reading was made and
then several seconds to stabilize. Referring to the numbers in the
Table below, the current is in tens of microAmps (e.g., 220 is 2200
uA or 2.2 mA). (However, it was still possible to place the probe
slowly and trap air into the countersinks, thereby preventing
accurate readings.)
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE Depth of Probe in Housing +3 mm -1 mm -2.5 mm
High Low Steady High Low Steady High Low Steady 9 12 9 3 5 3 2 3 2
15 20 20 10 13 11 5 6 6 6 15 13 3 5 5 0 0 0 29 35 35 16 23 23 13 23
13
[0093] The most extreme variables likely to be encountered for an
apparatus of the type of the present disclosure are between
floating in a lake (tap water) and being splashed by a saltwater
wave that saturates the retaining pouch (fabric soaked in salt
water and an example of the fabric is canvas). An analysis of the
results in the Table above shows the two key numbers being
underlined, and they are key because one is twice the other making
them easy to discriminate. Thereby a depth of -1.0 mm (or more
generally 0.9-1.1 mm) offers the best results.
[0094] At 1.0 mm, the highest saturated fabric reading obtained was
five (50 micro amps), whereas in tap water, the lowest reading was
ten (100 micro amps), which provides a 50% margin, which means
accurate discrimination between actual immersion in clear water
versus contact with highly-conductive fabric soaked in salt water
is easy. A 1.0 mm depth prevents fabric bridging, while at the same
time is not so deep as to cause bubble blocking. However, even with
a -1.0 mm (countersunk) depth the risk of bubble blocking can be
further reduced by providing four star-shaped (cut) slots centered
on the top of the screw head (the distal end of the sensor
element), instead of the slot as depicted.
[0095] The results of the Test above demonstrate the ability to
discriminate between damp fabric (such as a saltwater-soaked jacket
sleeve of the user/wearer) extending between the two probes and
actual immersion under water. The readings for the fresh water
immersion are twice those obtained from a wet saltwater-soaked
cloth extending between and pressed against the sensors, and thus
it is easy to distinguish between them. In another test, immersion
was confirmed by the pressure sensor when there was a one delta of
pressure difference greater than six inches or two deltas of 1/2
inch occurring within a three-second window. Absolute pressures
were not used due to changes in atmospheric pressure that might
occur from the initial reading when the unit is turned on and when
absolute reference is set.
[0096] The water sensor mechanism 180 can include first and second
sensor devices or probes, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, for example,
at 600, 610. They can have the same or similar constructions. A
cross-sectional view of one of them 600 is set forth in FIG. 5 for
illustrative purposes. Referring thereto the sensor device 600
includes a sensor element or member 630 held in an insulated,
non-conductive cylindrical housing or sleeve 640. The cylindrical
housing 640 can include: a cylindrical body portion 650 having a
threaded through-hole 660 and a threaded exterior surface 670; a
forward ring portion 680 whose through-hole 690 is wider than
through-hole 660; and a neck ring 700 between the ring portion and
the body portion. The sensor element 630 can have a screw
configuration with a head 650 at one end, an elongate threaded
portion 710 at the opposite end and a cylindrical connector portion
720. The threaded portion 710 is threaded into the through-hole 660
and fixed at the desired location by a nut, as depicted at the
bottom of FIG. 5 at 730. The sleeve or holder 640 can be fixed in
the housing by being threaded therein via threads 670 into a
corresponding threaded opening in the housing. Waterproof
connections are provided by an outer o'ring 740 between the neck
ring 700 and the housing and an inner o'ring 760 between the neck
ring and the connector portion 720.
[0097] As will be described below, the distance 620 between the top
of the head of the screw 650 and the top of the ring portion 680
can affect performance of the water sensor and therefor users may
want to set it at a specific distance. They may also want to
adjust/change the distance. This can be easily done by screwing the
screw 650 into and out of the housing and into the "nut" 730 fixed
in the body. The sleeve 640 can be removed from the housing 110 if
needed to replace the outer o'ring 740, for example. And similarly,
the screw 630 can be removed from the sleeve 640 to replace the
inner o'ring 760. The screws of the probes 600, 610 can be spaced
apart, center-to-center, a distance of between twenty and
twenty-two mm. The screws can have heads 650 with diameters of
seven mm and lengths of fourteen mm. The sleeves 640 can extend
between three and three and a half mm out from the housing. The
screws 630 can be made of stainless steel, and the sleeves 640 made
of polycarbonate. The resistance between these two probes for
saltwater soaked clothing can be five micro amps. The distal ends
of the sensor elements can be recessed in from an adjacent
outermost surface of the respective sensor device by 0.9 to 1.1 mm,
and the distal ends can be spaced a distance apart, center to
center by between eighteen and twenty-two mm, for example twenty
mm.
[0098] A simplified electrical circuit for the water probes 600,
610 is depicted generally at 800 in FIG. 7 with the spaced probes
connected to ground 810 with a battery voltage 820 illustrated at
the top. Microprocessor, differential amp and current sensor
resister are depicted by reference numerals 830, 840, 850,
respectively. The transistor is depicted as an on/off switch 860 to
more simply illustrate its function. Briefly, the voltage drop is
measured across the current sense resistor 850 to calculate the
current, which the microprocessor 830 calculates to get the
current.
Inflation Scenarios
[0099] Submersions may be intentional or accidental. In either
case, the user can set his maximum time and depth in accordance
with the mission and his physiological limits.
[0100] Examples of accidental submersion where a time and/or depth
trigger will provide for improved outcomes include: (a) An aircraft
crew or passenger who has landed in the water needs time to exit
the submerging aircraft before the PFD inflates. An untimely
inflation of the PFD may trap the user inside the aircraft, or pin
him to the surface of the sinking aircraft. (b) A heavily
equipment-laden commando, while crossing a river is swept away and
is taken deeper than his trigger depth or is held down longer than
his trigger time. In either scenario, the PFD will inflate bringing
him to the surface. (c) A swimmer or snorkeler, or diver becomes
unconscious and exceeds their self-set trigger times and is
prevented from drowning. (d) A soldier or a sailor who briefly
falls into the water and desires to quickly exit the water without
having his PFD inflate. (e) When a heavily weighted commando
becomes fatigued and is no longer able to remain at the surface, or
is incapable of a manual inflation, PFD will inflate after the
pre-designated time or depth. (f) Sailors who are sucked down by a
whirlpool by the sinking of a large ship in close proximity will be
quickly transported to the surface if they exceed their self-set
trigger depth and/or time. (g) Sailors who are trapped within a
sinking or overturned ship will need time to exit or swim from
within the confines of the craft. To avoid the consequences of a
bulky, inflated vest preventing them from exiting a confined space
and/or from becoming pinned to the underside of the overturned
vessel by a premature inflation of their PFD, this disclosure
allows them the time they need to escape.
[0101] Examples of intentional submersions where immediate
inflation is undesirable or unwanted include: (a) A commando
crossing a river does not want his PFD to inflate while partially
immersed. (b) A commando may want to submerge to surprise the
enemy. Inflation could occur at the same time for a group of
soldiers to overwhelm the enemy. Alternatively, inflation may be
timed to occur only after the commando had safely swam underwater
past the danger. (c) Snorkelers and free divers venture under the
water for various times and at various depths. Depending on their
unique physiology and needs, they will set their triggers
accordingly. (d) A rescue swimmer will want time to make a quick
submersion to rescue a victim; however, if the victim holds him
under water for too long, or they sink too deep, the PFD will
inflate rescuing them both. (e) Teaching diving or swimming in open
water entails the risk of losing a student who sinks from sight for
too long or who sinks too deep. (f) A rescue swimmer approaches a
teammate who is sinking. With the time delay and pressure limit,
the rescuer may make multiple brief dive excursions to locate the
sinking victim without worrying about premature inflation of his
PFD, as long as it does not exceed the preset time and depth. (g)
Surfers frequently spend some time submerged; however, if they are
swept under by consecutive waves, or are driven exceptionally deep,
or they injure themselves and become incapacitated after contact
with the bottom (for example, becoming unconscious or injuring a
limb) the proposed time sensitive and/or depth sensitive device
will cause them to surface when the cumulative hold-down time
trigger is exceeded.
[0102] Examples of people who may find apparatuses herein useful
include: special operation forces and commandos; open-water
swimming students and instructors; over-water fixed wing and
helicopter crew and passengers; surfers; Navy and Coast Guard
rescue swimmers and lifeguards; sailors; and breath-hold divers and
snorkelers.
[0103] According to an aspect of the disclosure rapid
mission-critical customization can be done, and examples thereof
follow. The depth setting can be set the depth at five feet for a
river crossing and fifteen feet for an over-water jump. The time
settings can be set for requirements for escape from an overturned
Zodiac or a sinking helicopter, or for a rescue simmer. This can
include the commando who has fallen into the water and who can
quickly resurface so he may complete his mission unimpeded by a
premature inflation of his PFD. And an automatic surface mode for
instant inflation upon falling into the water; for example, while
climbing up a ship's ladder or working on the bow of a ship in
heavy weather.
Exemplary Advantages
[0104] Automatic inflation under inappropriate conditions can
interfere with or otherwise hinder the user in the event of an
emergency, impeding their ability to maneuver in close quarters
such as while attempting to escape from an overturned or sinking
boat.
[0105] Such risks are not limited to boating activities. Rollover
drownings can occur when military of other utility vehicles
overturn into water and occupants are trapped inside and
underwater. In fact, about two-thirds of all fatal land transport
military vehicle incidents in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation
Enduring Freedom involved vehicles that either overturned or ran
off the road. As the actual cause of death, drowning was the
leading factor
[0106] The problem of premature and unintentional actuation is
increased by the gradual deterioration of the water-responsive
element of the automatic inflator. This risk is so acute that it is
not uncommon for a weakened water destructible or dissolvable
element to be periodically replaced with a new element pursuant to
a regularly scheduled maintenance plan.
[0107] Despite these advances in automatic inflation, there remain
significant problems with premature or undesired automatic
inflation. Even for airplanes and helicopters flights over water,
in the unlikely event of water landing, aircraft passengers need
time to exit the aircraft before they are able to benefit from an
inflated PFD. In such emergencies, it may be difficult for
passengers to remain calm and follow instructions. Inopportune
inflation may impede movement or delay exiting the aircraft along
with increased risk of injury or death as the aircraft sinks. To be
effective in such conditions, inflation should not occur (or even
be permitted) until sufficient time has passed to allow safe
exit.
[0108] Inflation upon water contact may be useful when canoeing on
a lake, but undesirable when whitewater river rafting where it is
not uncommon to be splashed repeatedly with water. Kayakers also
face additional challenges, as they may want to be able to roll
over and right themselves without causing PFD inflation. Previous
PFDs with automatic inflation have employed dissolving tables,
pockets, or other coverings of the water-detecting inflator in
efforts to minimize unwanted inflation. Despite these numerous
efforts this problem remains and, as a result, different PFDs have
been developed for the needs of different activities. The
fundamental problem remains unresolved.
[0109] U.S. Coast Guard or other rescue swimmers, maritime law
enforcement, and even military combat troops have diverse flotation
needs across a variety of missions and deployment scenarios. Rescue
swimmers may need automatic or manually inflated buoyancy for their
own safety in certain extreme circumstances of prolonged submersion
at undesired depth, but not want to experience unintentional
inflation resulting from nonthreatening immersion that is routinely
encountered. For example, a rescue swimmer may need to jump into
the water from a helicopter and would not want a PFD to inflate
merely because jumping into the water resulted in a brief plunge to
some depth. However, in the event of more prolonged submersion, for
example, being dragged underwater by a struggling victim, automatic
PFD inflation would be desired.
[0110] A heavily laden commando faces the risk of drowning on
missions near water. While fording rivers or conducting small boat
operations, intermittent immersion and splashing may be conditions
incompatible with automatic inflation, but in the event of being
swept away downriver or sinking in deep water, a PFD should be able
to provide emergency inflation when needed.
[0111] The diverse needs of these and other applications are not
met by previous PFDs. Previous PFDs define the conditions for
providing buoyancy and are not adaptable to differing needs of a
range of activities. Thus, the market is populated with different
PFDs for different activities.
[0112] Apparatuses of the present disclosure can accommodate a
diverse range of activities, as discussed above, while providing
inflation only in those circumstances selected by a user. The
present disclosure provides a new programmable submersible actuator
apparatus that can be used in a variety of PFD applications.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
[0113] Although the present inventions have been described in terms
of preferred and alternative embodiments above, numerous
modifications and/or additions to the above-described embodiments
would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art. The
embodiments can be defined as methods carried out by any one, any
subset of or all of the components and/or users; as
servers/clients/computing devices adapted to or programmed to carry
out certain functions/methods/steps; as a system of one or more
components in a certain structural and/or functional relationship.
As another example, the inventions can include subassemblies or
sub-methods. However, it is intended that the scope of the present
inventions extend to all such modifications and/or additions and
that the scope of the present inventions is limited solely by the
claims set forth herein.
[0114] The foregoing description of exemplary aspects of the
present teachings has been provided for purposes of illustration
and description. Individual elements or features of a particular
aspect of the present teachings are generally not limited to that
particular aspect, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and
can be used in other aspects, even if not specifically shown or
described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such
variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present
teachings, and all such modifications are intended to be included
within the scope of the present teachings. The present disclosure
further includes sub-assemblies, as well as methods of using and/or
making the apparatus and/or components thereof.
[0115] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing
particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be
limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an" and "the"
may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the
context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises,"
"comprising," "including" and "having" are inclusive and therefore
specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps,
operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the
presence or addition of one or more other features, integers,
steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof. The
method steps, processes and operations described herein are not to
be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the
particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically
identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood
that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
[0116] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on,"
"engaged to," "connected to" or "coupled to" another element or
layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the
other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be
present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being
"directly on," "directly engaged to," "directly connected to" or
"directly coupled to" another element or layer, there may be no
intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to
describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in
a like fashion (such as "between" versus "directly between," and
"adjacent" versus "directly adjacent"). As used herein, the term
"and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the
associated listed items.
[0117] Although the terms first, second, third and so forth may be
used herein to describe various elements, components, regions,
layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers
and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms
may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region,
layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such
as "first," "second" and other numerical terms when used herein do
not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the
context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section
discussed below could be termed a second element, component,
region, layer or section without departing from the aspects of the
present teachings.
[0118] Spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer,"
"beneath," "below," "lower," "above" and "upper," may be used
herein for ease of description to describe one element's or
feature's relationship to another, but the application is intended
to encompass different orientations of the device in use or
operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements
described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would
then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the
example term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and
below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated ninety degrees
or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors
used herein interpreted accordingly.
* * * * *