U.S. patent application number 13/427180 was filed with the patent office on 2013-08-01 for engine exhaust valve stem seal for high temperature and pressure applications.
This patent application is currently assigned to GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is Hong Wai Nguyen. Invention is credited to Hong Wai Nguyen.
Application Number | 20130192555 13/427180 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48869162 |
Filed Date | 2013-08-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130192555 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Nguyen; Hong Wai |
August 1, 2013 |
ENGINE EXHAUST VALVE STEM SEAL FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
APPLICATIONS
Abstract
An exhaust valve stem seal assembly includes a casing and an
elastomeric seal coupled to the casing. The elastomeric seal
includes a stem seal portion for sealing against a stem of an
exhaust valve. The stem seal portion includes a gas lip that
extends radially inward. The casing includes a frustoconical
shoulder extending radially inward toward a valve axis to a distal
edge. The frustoconical shoulder defines an angle relative to a
plane perpendicular to the valve axis between the range of
5.degree. and 45.degree.. The distal edge of the frustoconical
shoulder is disposed behind and is substantially aligned with the
gas lip along the valve axis.
Inventors: |
Nguyen; Hong Wai; (Troy,
MI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Nguyen; Hong Wai |
Troy |
MI |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS
LLC
Detroit
MI
|
Family ID: |
48869162 |
Appl. No.: |
13/427180 |
Filed: |
March 22, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61592174 |
Jan 30, 2012 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/188.6 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01L 3/08 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
123/188.6 |
International
Class: |
F01L 3/00 20060101
F01L003/00 |
Claims
1. A seal assembly for an exhaust valve stem of an engine, the seal
assembly comprising: a casing having an annular body portion
extending between a first axial end and a second axial end along a
valve axis, and defining an interior; an elastomeric seal coupled
to the casing and including a guide seal portion disposed within
the interior of the annular body portion for engaging a valve
guide, a stem seal portion extending away from the casing and the
second axial end of the annular body portion along the valve axis
for engaging a valve stem, and a shoulder portion interconnecting
the guide seal portion and the stem seal portion; wherein the stem
seal portion includes a gas lip extending radially inward toward
the valve axis and toward the first axial end of the annular body
portion, and defines a void between the gas lip and the shoulder
portion of the elastomeric seal; and wherein the casing includes a
frustoconical shoulder extending from the second axial end of the
annular body portion radially inward toward the valve axis and away
from the first axial end of the annular body portion to a distal
edge.
2. A seal assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein the distal edge
of the frustoconical shoulder is substantially aligned with the gas
lip along the valve axis.
3. A seal assembly as set forth in claim 2 wherein the distal edge
of the frustoconical shoulder is within an axial distance of the
gas lip along the valve axis, and wherein the axial distance is
equal to twice a distance between a lower edge of the gas lip and
an upper edge of the void as measured along the valve axis.
4. A seal assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein a cross section
of the frustoconical shoulder is substantially disposed along a
plane, and wherein the plane of the cross section of the
frustoconical shoulder defines an angle relative to a plane
perpendicular to the valve axis between the range of 5.degree. and
45.degree..
5. A seal assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein the
frustoconical shoulder is configured to allow the stem seal portion
of the elastomeric seal to rotate radially outward away from the
valve axis and axially away from the first axial end of the annular
body portion of the casing to maintain a substantially constant
pressure and contact width between the gas lip and the valve stem
in response to thermal expansion of the elastomeric seal.
6. A seal assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein the distal edge
of the frustoconical shoulder is spaced from the first axial end of
the annular body a distance equal to or less than a distance
between a base of the gas lip and the first axial end of the
annular body.
7. A seal assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein the casing
includes and is manufactured from a metal.
8. A seal assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein the elastomeric
seal includes and is manufactured from an elastomer.
9. An exhaust valve stem seal assembly for an engine, the exhaust
valve stem seal assembly comprising: a casing having an annular
body portion extending between a first axial end and a second axial
end along a valve axis, and defining an interior; an elastomeric
seal coupled to the casing and including a guide seal portion
disposed within the interior of the annular body portion for
engaging a valve guide, a stem seal portion extending away from the
casing and the second axial end of the annular body portion along
the valve axis for engaging a valve stem, and a shoulder portion
interconnecting the guide seal portion and the stem seal portion;
wherein the stem seal portion includes a gas lip extending radially
inward toward the valve axis and toward the first axial end of the
annular body portion, and defines a void between the gas lip and
the shoulder portion of the elastomeric seal; wherein the casing
includes a frustoconical shoulder extending from the second axial
end of the annular body portion radially inward toward the valve
axis and away from the first axial end of the annular body portion
to a distal edge; wherein the distal edge of the frustoconical
shoulder is substantially aligned with the gas lip along the valve
axis; and wherein the frustoconical shoulder defines an angle
relative to a plane perpendicular to the valve axis between the
range of 5.degree. and 45.degree..
10. An exhaust valve stem seal assembly as set forth in claim 9
wherein the distal edge of the frustoconical shoulder is within an
axial distance of the gas lip along the valve axis, and wherein the
axial distance is equal to twice a distance between a lower edge of
the gas lip and an upper edge of the void as measured along the
valve axis.
11. An exhaust valve stem seal assembly as set forth in claim 10
wherein the frustoconical shoulder is configured to allow the stem
seal portion of the elastomeric seal to rotate radially outward
away from the valve axis and axially away from the first axial end
of the annular body portion of the casing to maintain a
substantially constant pressure and contact width between the gas
lip and the valve stem in response to thermal expansion of the
elastomeric seal.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 61/592,174, filed on Jan. 30, 2012, the
disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The invention generally relates to an exhaust valve stem
seal assembly for an internal combustion engine.
BACKGROUND
[0003] In some internal combustion engines, a valve guide is
positioned within a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine
to guide an exhaust valve in reciprocating motion. The valve guide
supports and guides a stem of the exhaust valve for axially
movement along a valve axis. Clearance is provided between the
valve guide and the exhaust valve stem in order to allow free
movement between the valve guide and the exhaust valve stem. A stem
seal assembly is coupled to the valve guide and seals against the
stem of the exhaust valve to prevent combustion gases from escaping
through the clearance between the exhaust valve stem and the valve
guide. The exhaust valve stem seal assembly further meters oil into
the valve guide to lubricate between the valve stem and the valve
guide.
[0004] The stem seal assembly is generally comprised of a steel
casing supporting an elastomeric seal. The elastomeric seal expands
when subjected to high temperatures and high exhaust gas pressures.
This thermal expansion of the elastomeric seal reduces the ability
of the elastomeric seal to maintain oil flow to the valve guide,
which may result in excessive wear of the valve guide.
SUMMARY
[0005] A seal assembly for an exhaust valve stem of an engine is
provided. The seal assembly includes a casing having an annular
body portion that extends between a first axial end and a second
axial end along a valve axis. The annular body portion further
defines an interior. An elastomeric seal is coupled to the casing.
The elastomeric seal includes a guide seal portion, a stem seal
portion, and a shoulder portion. The guide seal portion is disposed
within the interior of the annular body portion for engaging a
valve guide. The stem seal portion extends away from the casing and
the second axial end of the annular body portion along the valve
axis for engaging a valve stem. The shoulder portion interconnects
the guide seal portion and the stem seal portion adjacent the
second axial end of the annular body portion. The stem seal portion
includes a gas lip that extends radially inward toward the valve
axis and toward the first axial end of the annular body portion. A
void is defined between the gas lip and the shoulder portion of the
elastomeric seal. The casing includes a frustoconical shoulder
extending from the second axial end of the annular body portion to
a distal edge of the frustoconical shoulder. The frustoconical
shoulder extends radially inward toward the valve axis and away
from the first axial end of the annular body portion.
[0006] An exhaust valve stem seal assembly for an engine is
provided. The exhaust valve stem seal assembly includes a casing
having an annular body portion extending between a first axial end
and a second axial end along a valve axis. The annular body portion
defines an interior. An elastomeric seal is coupled to the casing.
The elastomeric seal includes a guide seal portion, a stem seal
portion and a shoulder portion. The guide seal portion is disposed
within the interior of the annular body portion for engaging a
valve guide. The stem seal portion extends away from the casing and
the second axial end of the annular body portion along the valve
axis for engaging a valve stem. The shoulder portion interconnects
the guide seal portion and the stem seal portion. The stem seal
portion includes a gas lip that extends radially inward toward the
valve axis and toward the first axial end of the annular body
portion. A void is defined between the gas lip and the shoulder
portion of the elastomeric seal. The casing includes a
frustoconical shoulder that extends from the second axial end of
the annular body portion to a distal edge. The frustoconical
shoulder extends radially inward toward the valve axis and away
from the first axial end of the annular body portion to the distal
edge. The distal edge of the frustoconical shoulder is
substantially aligned with the gas lip along the valve axis. The
frustoconical shoulder defines an angle relative to a plane that is
perpendicular to the valve axis between the range of 5.degree. and
45.degree..
[0007] Accordingly, the frustoconical shoulder of the casing angles
from the annular body portion of the casing toward the gas lip, and
extends from the second axial end of the annular body portion to
the distal edge of the frustoconical shoulder, which is located
immediately behind the gas lip. As such, as the stem seal portion
of the elastomeric seal expands in response to high temperatures
and high pressure, the distal edge of the frustoconical shoulder
acts as a hinge or pivot point to allow the stem seal portion of
the elastomeric seal to expand and rotate away from the stem of the
exhaust valve, thereby maintaining the proper shape and
configuration of the gas lip and preventing the void located behind
the gas lip from collapsing. By maintaining the proper shape and
configuration of the gas lip, and by preventing the void from
collapsing, lubricating oil may be properly metered past the gas
lip into the clearance between the valve guide and the exhaust
valve stem for lubrication therebetween.
[0008] The above features and advantages and other features and
advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the
following detailed description of the best modes for carrying out
the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 is a schematic partial cross sectional view of an
exhaust valve stem seal assembly sealing against a valve stem
supported by a valve guide.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of the exhaust
valve stem seal assembly.
[0011] FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged fragmentary cross sectional
view of the exhaust valve stem seal.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0012] Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that
terms such as "above," "below," "upward," "downward," "top,"
"bottom," etc., are used descriptively for the figures, and do not
represent limitations on the scope of the invention, as defined by
the appended claims.
[0013] Referring to the Figures, wherein like numerals indicate
like parts throughout the several views, a seal assembly is
generally shown at 20. The seal assembly 20 may be referred to as
an exhaust valve stem seal assembly 20.
[0014] Referring to FIG. 1, a valve guide 22 is disposed within a
bore 23 of a cylinder head 24. The valve guide 22 defines a central
bore 25 that slideably supports a stem 26 of an exhaust valve 28
for reciprocating movement along a valve axis 30. The valve axis 30
is located along a longitudinal center of the stem 26. The seal
assembly 20 is coupled or attached to the valve guide 22.
[0015] Referring also to FIGS. 2 and 3, the seal assembly 20
includes a casing 32 supporting an elastomeric seal 34. The casing
32 includes an annular body portion 36 that extends along the valve
axis 30 between a first axial end 38 and a second axial end 40 of
the annular body portion 36. The annular body portion 36 includes a
generally tubular shape and defines an interior 42. The casing 32
includes a frustoconical shoulder 44 that extends from the second
axial end 40 of the annular body portion 36 to a distal edge 46.
The frustoconical shoulder 44 extends radially inward toward the
valve axis 30, and also extends away from the first axial end 38 of
the annular body portion 36 to the distal edge 46. The
frustoconical shoulder 44 includes a frustoconical shape generally
defined as a cone shape with the tip of the cone removed. While the
frustoconical shoulder 44 is shown to include a planar cross
section, it should be appreciated that the frustoconical shoulder
44 may alternatively include a slightly curved cross sectional
shape, such as but not limited to a slightly convex cross sectional
shape. A flange 48 extends radially outward from the first axial
end 38 of the annular body portion 36, away from the valve axis
30.
[0016] Referring to FIG. 3, the cross section of the frustoconical
shoulder 44 is substantially disposed along a plane 49. The plane
49 is disposed relative to a plane 50, which is perpendicular to
the valve axis 30, to define an angle 52 therebetween. The angle 52
between the plane 49 of the frustoconical shoulder 44 and the plane
50 is preferably between the range of 5.degree. and 45.degree.. The
casing 32 may include and be manufactured from a metal, such as but
not limited to steel. However, the casing 32 may be manufactured
from some other suitable material.
[0017] The elastomeric seal 34 is coupled to the casing 32. The
elastomeric seal 34 includes and is manufactured from an elastomer
suitable for sealing against the valve guide 22 and the stem 26 of
the exhaust valve 28 in a high temperature and high pressure
environment. The elastomeric seal 34 includes a guide seal portion
54, a stem seal portion 56, and a shoulder portion 58. The guide
seal portion 54 is disposed within the interior 42 of the annular
body portion 36 of the casing 32. The guide seal portion 54 engages
the valve guide 22 in sealing/frictional engagement therewith. The
stem seal portion 56 extends away from the casing 32 and the second
axial end 40 of the annular body portion 36, along the valve axis
30. Accordingly, the stem seal portion 56 extends from the second
axial end 40 of the annular body portion 36 in a direction opposite
the first axial end 38 of the annular body portion 36. Accordingly,
the stem seal portion 56 is not radially constrained about the
valve axis 30 by the casing 32, thereby allowing the stem seal
portion 56 to expand radially in response to increased temperature
and pressure. As shown, a garter spring clip 60 is disposed within
a groove 62 defined by the stem seal portion 56 of the elastomeric
seal 34 to radially bias the stem seal portion 56 against the stem
26 of the exhaust valve 28. The stem seal portion 56 engages the
stem 26 of the exhaust valve 28 in sealing engagement therewith.
The shoulder portion 58 interconnects the guide seal portion 54 and
the stem seal portion 56, and is disposed adjacent the second axial
end 40 of the annular body portion 36 of the casing 32.
[0018] As best shown in FIG. 3, the stem seal portion 56 includes a
gas lip 64. The gas lip 64 seals against the stem 26 of the exhaust
valve 28 to prevent gases from escaping through the interface
between the valve guide 22 and the stem 26 of the exhaust valve 28.
While the gas lip 64 prevents gases from escaping in a direction
indicated by arrow 66, the gas lip 64 allows lubricating oil to
pass in a direction opposite arrow 66, to lubricate the interface
between the valve guide 22 and the stem 26 of the exhaust valve 28.
The gas lip 64 extends radially inward toward the valve axis 30,
and extends toward the first axial end 38 of the annular body
portion 36. The gas lip 64 is spaced from the shoulder portion 58
of the elastomeric seal 34 to define a void 68 between the gas lip
64 and the shoulder portion 58.
[0019] As best shown in FIG. 3, the distal edge 46 of the
frustoconical shoulder 44 is positioned to substantially align with
the gas lip 64 along the valve axis 30. In other words, the distal
edge 46 of the frustoconical shoulder 44 is disposed radially
outward of the gas lip 64, and is disposed at approximately the
same axial location along the valve axis 30 as the gas lip 64.
Preferably, the distal edge 46 of the frustoconical shoulder 44 is
within an axial distance of the gas lip 64 measured along the valve
axis 30. The axial distance is equal to twice a distance 76 between
a bottom or lower edge 78 of the gas lip 64 and a top or upper edge
80 of the void 68 as measured along the valve axis 30. Preferably,
but not necessarily, the lower surface 82 of the distal edge 46 of
the frustoconical shoulder 44 is spaced from the first axial end 38
of the annular body a distance 70 that is equal to or less than,
within acceptable manufacturing tolerances, a distance 72 between a
lower edge 84 of a base of the gas lip 64 and the first axial end
38 of the annular body. The base of the gas lip 64 is the general
location at which the gas lip 64 is attached to and extends from
the stem seal portion 56, and is generally indicated by the dashed
line 74.
[0020] By positioning the gas lip 64 at the approximate same axial
location along the valve axis 30 as the distal edge 46 of the
frustoconical shoulder 44, the distal edge 46 acts as a hinge or
pivot to allow the stem seal portion 56 to rotate upward and away
from the casing 32. More specifically, the frustoconical shoulder
44 allows the stem seal portion 56 of the elastomeric seal 34 to
rotate radially outward away from the valve axis 30 and axially
away from the first axial end 38 of the annular body portion 36 of
the casing 32 in response to thermal expansion of the elastomeric
seal 34. Allowing the stem seal portion 56 to rotate in this
fashion maintains a substantially constant pressure and contact
width between the gas lip 64 and the stem 26 of the exhaust valve
28, which maintains proper functionality of the gas lip 64 in high
temperature and high pressure environments.
[0021] The detailed description and the drawings or figures are
supportive and descriptive of the invention, but the scope of the
invention is defined solely by the claims. While some of the best
modes and other embodiments for carrying out the claimed invention
have been described in detail, various alternative designs and
embodiments exist for practicing the invention defined in the
appended claims.
* * * * *