U.S. patent application number 13/546375 was filed with the patent office on 2013-07-18 for method for providing a foundation for a mass located at height, and a positioning frame for performing the method.
This patent application is currently assigned to GEOSEA N.V.. The applicant listed for this patent is Luc VANDENBULCKE, Koen VANDERBEKE. Invention is credited to Luc VANDENBULCKE, Koen VANDERBEKE.
Application Number | 20130183101 13/546375 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46465150 |
Filed Date | 2013-07-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130183101 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
VANDENBULCKE; Luc ; et
al. |
July 18, 2013 |
Method for Providing a Foundation for a Mass Located at Height, and
a Positioning Frame for Performing the Method
Abstract
The invention relates to an efficient method for providing a
foundation for a mass located at height, such as the jacket of a
wind turbine or a jetty, wherein the foundation comprises a number
of piles driven into a bottom in a geometric pattern. The method
comprises of providing a floating device provided with lifting
means; providing a positioning frame comprising a number of
mutually connected guide sleeves arranged in a geometric pattern
for the purpose of receiving the piles; lowering the positioning
frame to the bottom into a position of use via the lifting means;
and arranging the piles in the bottom through the guide sleeves of
the positioning frame in the position of use, and to a positioning
frame adapted to perform the method.
Inventors: |
VANDENBULCKE; Luc; (Kontich,
BE) ; VANDERBEKE; Koen; (Erps-Kwerps, BE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
VANDENBULCKE; Luc
VANDERBEKE; Koen |
Kontich
Erps-Kwerps |
|
BE
BE |
|
|
Assignee: |
GEOSEA N.V.
Zwijndrecht
BE
|
Family ID: |
46465150 |
Appl. No.: |
13/546375 |
Filed: |
July 11, 2012 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/204 ;
405/227 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D 13/04 20130101;
E02D 27/52 20130101; E02D 7/00 20130101; E02B 2017/0091
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
405/204 ;
405/227 |
International
Class: |
E02D 7/00 20060101
E02D007/00; E02D 27/52 20060101 E02D027/52 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 11, 2011 |
BE |
2011/0445 |
Claims
1. A method for providing a foundation for a mass located at
height, such as the jacket of a wind turbine or a jetty, wherein
the foundation comprises a number of piles arranged in a bottom in
a geometric pattern, the method comprising of: providing a floating
device provided with lifting means; providing a positioning frame
comprising a number of mutually connected guide sleeves arranged in
a geometric pattern for the purpose of receiving the piles;
lowering the positioning frame to the bottom into a position of use
via the lifting means; and arranging the piles in the bottom
through the guide sleeves of the positioning frame in the position
of use.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising of
positioning and/or orienting the positioning frame to the position
of use by means of positioning means.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the positioning means
are adapted such that they enable translations of the positioning
frame relative to the bottom surface.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the positioning frame
is positioned and/or oriented by engaging the frame with a remotely
operated robot vehicle (ROV).
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the positioning frame
is positioned and/or oriented by engaging the frame with traction
cables provided with anchors.
6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the positioning frame
is positioned and/or oriented by providing the frame with an
assembly of manoeuvrable thrusters.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising of establishing the
position of at least one pile and positioning the positioning frame
such that at least one of the guide sleeves of the positioning
frame is aligned with the position of the pile.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner surface of
the guide sleeves is provided along at least a portion of the
length of the guide sleeves with support ribs for the piles, and
the piles are carried through the guide sleeves until the top of
the piles extends further than the underside of said portion
(provided with support ribs) of the length of the guide
sleeves.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the piles are carried
further than said portion, for instance by the follower of a
pneumatic hammer.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arranging of the
piles in the bottom is performed by driving the piles into the
bottom by the action of hydraulic hammer devices, vibrating hammer
devices and/or oscillators.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arranging of the
piles in the bottom is performed by drilling the foundation piles,
and/or shafts in which the foundation piles are arranged, into the
underwater bottom by means of drilling means.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step
of removing the positioning frame once the piles have been arranged
in the bottom.
13. A method for installing on a foundation a mass located at
height, such as the jacket of a wind turbine or a jetty, wherein
the foundation comprises a number of piles arranged in a bottom by
means of the method as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising of
arranging legs of the mass located at height into or around the
piles and anchoring the legs to the piles by means of grouting.
14. A positioning frame adapted to provide a foundation for a mass
located at height, such as the jacket of a wind turbine or a jetty,
wherein the foundation comprises a number of piles driven into a
bottom in a geometric pattern, which positioning frame comprises a
number of mutually connected guide sleeves arranged in the
geometric pattern and adapted to receive and guide a pile to be
arranged in the bottom, in addition to means for positioning and/or
orienting the positioning frame.
15. The positioning frame as claimed in claim 14, wherein the
positioning means are adapted such that they enable translations of
the positioning frame relative to the bottom surface.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a method for providing a foundation
for a mass located at height, such as the jacket of a wind turbine
or a jetty, wherein the foundation comprises a quantity of piles
driven into a bottom in a geometric pattern. The invention also
relates to a positioning frame adapted to perform the method.
[0002] The invention will be elucidated hereinbelow with reference
to an offshore wind turbine. The reference to a wind turbine in no
way implies that the invention is limited to the use in the context
of such a wind turbine. The positioning frame and the method can
likewise be applied on any other structure, such as jetties, radar
and other towers, platforms and the like. The support structure of
a wind turbine normally has a slender design, for instance in the
form of a tube or pillar. This pillar structure has to be coupled
to a foundation in the bottom. For offshore wind turbines, which
are placed in relatively shallow water, it is possible to make use
of one mast extending from the machinery housing of the wind
turbine to the foundation. In addition to such a mono-pole
construction, the support structure of an offshore wind turbine can
also comprise a tubular upper part and a lower part in the form of
a lattice structure, also referred to as a jacket. A large part of
the jacket extends underwater, where the jacket finds support on a
bottom, in many cases the underwater bottom.
[0003] A known method for providing a foundation for a mass located
at height, such as the jacket of a wind turbine, comprises of
providing an offshore platform in the vicinity of the location
provided for the foundation, determining the location for each
pile, subsequently manipulating each pile using a lifting crane
present on the platform and driving each pile into the bottom. Once
all the piles have been arranged in the bottom in the desired
geometric pattern, thus forming the foundation, the jacket is
arranged on the foundation formed by the quantity of piles by
arranging legs of the jacket in the piles (also referred to as pin
piling) or, in an alternative method, around the piles (also
referred to as sleeve piling). The piles are adapted in both cases
to be able to receive the legs of the jacket, for instance by
providing hollow piles (pin piling) or hollow legs of the jacket
(sleeve piling).
[0004] The above described operations of the known method are
time-consuming and can in a typical case take at least 5 to 7
days.
[0005] The invention has for its object to provide a method for
providing a foundation for a mass located at height which is more
efficient than the known method, i.e. takes less time than the
known method.
[0006] This object is achieved according to the invention by a
method comprising of: [0007] providing a floating device provided
with lifting means; [0008] providing a positioning frame comprising
a number of mutually connected guide sleeves arranged in a
geometric pattern for the purpose of receiving the piles; [0009]
lowering the positioning frame to the bottom into a position of use
via the lifting means; and [0010] arranging the piles in the bottom
through the guide sleeves of the positioning frame in the position
of use.
[0011] The method according to the invention allows a foundation to
be provided in the form of a number of piles arranged in a
geometric pattern in less time than known heretofore. Once the
positioning frame has been placed in the correct position (in
relation to the anticipated position of the quantity of piles), it
requires no further repositioning as is often necessary in the
prior art because the positioning frame, due to its own weight,
causes friction with the bottom, and more particularly via base
plates (21a, 21b, 21c) arranged on the underside of the positioning
frame. Because the positioning frame is placed into the position of
use via the lifting means, and these lifting means can be chosen in
accordance with the requirements and conditions on site, an optimum
positioning of the frame is possible.
[0012] The positioning frame is brought into the position of use by
lowering the frame via the lifting means. The position of the frame
in the position of use is not determined particularly accurately
here, for instance in view of the often rough conditions at sea. An
embodiment of the method according to the invention therefore
comprises of positioning and/or orienting the positioning frame to
the position of use by means of separate positioning means. Such
positioning means allow displacement of the positioning frame in
its entirety to the desired position of use. The positioning means
are adapted here such that they enable at least translations of the
positioning frame relative to the bottom surface, particularly in a
plane running more or less parallel to the bottom surface (referred
to below as a horizontal plane), and preferably also rotations
relative to the bottom surface. Rotations of the frame relative to
the bottom surface can here comprise rotations around an axis
running substantially perpendicularly of the bottom surface, but
also rotations around an axis lying in a horizontal plane or in a
plane varying from a horizontal plane. The method according to the
invention makes it possible to increase the accuracy of positioning
of the positioning frame relative to the bottom (and so also
relative to the desired positions of the foundation piles) to
variations in the horizontal plane of a maximum of 10 cm,
preferably a maximum of 5 cm. This accuracy is unprecedented for a
structure with the dimensions of a positioning frame and provides a
great advantage because, due to the more accurate positioning of
the positioning frame, a more accurate positioning of all
foundation piles to be provided in the bottom is also achieved in
one operation.
[0013] In an embodiment of the method and device which is simple,
and for this reason reliable, the positioning means are adapted
only to displace the positioning frame in a horizontal plane and to
rotate it about an axis miming substantially perpendicularly of
this plane.
[0014] It is possible to position and/or orient the positioning
frame by moving the frame along the spud poles of a jack-up
platform. Because the position of the positioning frame is
determined by the position of the platform, and this latter is not
greatly affected by current and wind forces, this is also the case
for the positioning frame. The use of the positioning frame also
allows accurate positioning of the quantity of piles in only one
operation. The position of use of the positioning frame corresponds
to a position in which the positioning frame, and in particular the
guide sleeves thereof, is ready to receive the piles. The position
of use is preferably located at a position in the vicinity of the
bottom, and more preferably at a position in which the positioning
frame substantially rests on the bottom.
[0015] The positioning frame can be moved along and under the
guidance of the spud poles by any means known to the skilled
person. It is thus possible for instance to suspend the positioning
frame from a number of traction cables, wherein the cables can be
varied in length by for instance winches arranged on the work deck
of the platform. The cable length can be shortened or lengthened
using the winches, wherein the positioning frame is respectively
lifted or lowered. In a preferred embodiment of the method
according to the invention the positioning frame is further
provided with means for guiding the positioning frame along the
spud poles of an offshore platform from a high position in the
immediate vicinity of the work deck of the platform to a lower
position, optionally onto or into the immediate vicinity of the
bottom. The guide means are preferably adapted such that they can
guide the positioning frame along the spud poles of the platform so
that the positioning frame is aligned substantially horizontally in
the lower position. This can for instance take place by suspending
the positioning frame by means of three, and preferably by means of
four cables, wherein each cable can be varied in length
independently of the other cables by winches. This is particularly
important in the case of a bottom which is not wholly flat.
[0016] The positioning frame according to the invention preferably
comprises a lattice structure with a number of guide sleeves which
are disposed spaced apart at the corner points thereof and which
are connected by tubular lattice elements. The dimensions of the
positioning frame in the plane are in principle larger than the
dimensions out of the plane, wherein the direction out of the plane
corresponds to a direction parallel to the lifting or lowering
direction of the positioning frame. The guide sleeves are adapted
to receive and guide the piles for driving into the bottom, and
preferably comprise cylindrical casings, the longitudinal axis of
which runs parallel to the direction of the positioning frame out
of the plane. The guide sleeves are arranged in a geometric
pattern, this pattern corresponding to the desired geometric
pattern of the foundation piles. The tubular lattice elements
extending between the guide sleeves ensure that guide sleeves
remain substantially in their position during lifting and lowering
of the positioning frame. In the present embodiment the positioning
frame is adapted to define a specific geometric pattern of the
foundation piles. It is however also possible to make the
positioning frame geometrically adaptable, for instance by
providing the positioning frame with lattice elements adjustable in
length and/or by providing the positioning frame with nodes which
mutually connect lattice elements and allow adjustment of the angle
between lattice elements. Such an embodiment allows realization of
different geometric patterns of the foundation piles.
[0017] Although making use of the spud poles of a platform as
positioning means for the positioning frame has certain advantages,
a further positioning is no longer possible in the position of use,
except in the height.
[0018] In an embodiment according to the invention a method is
provided in which the positioning frame is positioned and/or
oriented by engaging the frame with a remotely operated robot
vehicle (ROV). A more flexible positioning can be achieved with
this embodiment of the method.
[0019] A more accurate positioning is achieved in yet another
embodiment according to the invention which provides a method in
which the positioning frame is positioned and/or oriented by
engaging the frame with traction cables provided with anchors,
and/or an embodiment which provides a method in which the
positioning frame is positioned and/or oriented by providing the
frame with an assembly of manoeuvrable thrusters. Suitable are for
instance azimuth thrusters comprising a propeller accommodated in a
housing. The housing is rotatable here so that the positioning
frame can be oriented during displacement and displaced in this
orientation. If desired, use can also be made of a rudder or other
steering gear for orienting purposes.
[0020] In the embodiment in which anchors and traction cables are
applied, a number of traction cables are connected on one side to
the positioning frame and connected on the other side by means of
the anchors to the bottom or other anchoring point. The positioning
frame can be displaced relative to the anchoring points by changing
the free length of the traction cables, for instance by means of
winches.
[0021] The above stated embodiments all have the advantage that the
positioning of the positioning frame relative to the bottom can
take place independently of the platform, which enables corrections
of the position, wherein translations in the horizontal plane and
possible rotations of the positioning frame relative to the
underwater bottom are all possible.
[0022] A preferred embodiment of the method according to the
invention comprises of establishing the position of at least one
pile and positioning the positioning frame such that at least one
of the guide sleeves of the positioning frame is aligned with the
position of the pile, in other words is located directly above said
pile position. The arranging of a first pile through the at least
one guide sleeve fixes the positioning frame. In such a position
the guide sleeves for the other piles will automatically be located
in their correct positions because their relative positions are
determined by the geometric design of the positioning frame. A
position determination for each individual pile is hereby no longer
necessary.
[0023] The guide sleeves of the positioning frame are adapted to
receive and guide piles when they are carried into the bottom. In
order to be able to receive the piles the guide sleeves preferably
have a diameter which is at least as large as the cross-section of
the piles. In order to enable adequate support of the piles use is
preferably made of guide sleeves, the inner surface of which is
provided along at least a portion of the length of the guide
sleeves with support ribs for the piles. In order to enable easy
removal of the positioning frame once the piles have been arranged
in the bottom, the piles are preferably driven so far through the
guide sleeves that the top of the piles extends further than the
underside of said portion (provided with support ribs) of the
length of the guide sleeves.
[0024] The method according to the invention is preferably
characterized in that the foundation piles are arranged in the
bottom by being driven into the bottom by the action of hydraulic
or pneumatic hammer devices, vibrating hammer devices and/or
oscillators. Such devices can be disposed on the floating device or
on another floating device located in the vicinity. More preferred
is a method in which the piles are driven into the bottom further
than said portion (provided with support ribs) by the follower of a
pneumatic hammer. A pneumatic hammer with follower is per se known
to the skilled person.
[0025] Another embodiment of the invention relates to a method in
which the arranging of the piles in the bottom is performed by
drilling the foundation piles, and/or shafts in which the
foundation piles are arranged, into the underwater bottom by means
of drilling means.
[0026] In yet another embodiment of the method according to the
invention the drilling is performed by means of reverse circulation
drilling (FIG. 15) by pre-drilling with a casing (FIG. 14) and/or
by rock-socketing.
[0027] In another aspect of the invention a method is provided
comprising the step of removing the positioning frame once the
piles have been arranged in the bottom, wherein the removal of the
positioning frame is performed by lifting thereof with guiding by
the spud poles from the lower position to the high position in the
vicinity of the work deck of the platform.
[0028] The invention further relates to a method for installing on
a foundation a mass located at height, such as the jacket of a wind
turbine or a jetty, wherein the foundation comprises a number of
piles arranged by means of the above described method in a bottom,
the method comprising of arranging legs of the mass located at
height into or around the piles. A method is more preferably
provided comprising of anchoring the legs to the piles by means of
grouting.
[0029] Although the method according to the invention can be
applied to provide a foundation of the above described type, the
method is preferably applied on a bottom located underwater.
[0030] The method according to the invention is further
particularly suitable for cylindrical (hollow) foundation piles
with a length of more than 20 m, more preferably at least 25 m and
most preferably at least 30 m, and a weight of 20 to 150 tonnes,
more preferably of 40 to 130 tonnes and most preferably of 50 to
110 tonnes.
[0031] The guide sleeves preferably have a height (the dimension in
the longitudinal direction of the guide sleeves) of at least 1 m,
more preferably at least 3 in and most preferably at least 5 in, in
order to further be able to guarantee the desired guiding function
and vertical alignment of the foundation piles.
[0032] In yet another aspect of the invention a positioning frame
is provided, which frame is adapted to provide a foundation for a
mass located at height, such as the jacket of a wind turbine or a
jetty, wherein the foundation comprises a number of piles driven
into a bottom in a geometric pattern, which positioning frame
comprises a number of mutually connected guide sleeves arranged in
a geometric pattern and adapted to receive and guide a pile to be
driven into the bottom, in addition to means for positioning and/or
orienting the positioning frame, the means comprising an assembly
of manoeuvrable thrusters.
[0033] The invention will now be elucidated in more detail with
reference to the drawings, without otherwise being limited thereto.
In the figures:
[0034] FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment
of the positioning frame as applied in the method according to the
invention;
[0035] FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment
of the jack-up platform adapted to be used in the method according
to the invention;
[0036] FIG. 3-7 show schematic side views of a number of
embodiments of method steps for lowering the positioning frame;
[0037] FIG. 8-13 show schematic side views of a number of
embodiments of method steps for arranging the piles in the bottom
through the guide sleeves of the positioning frame in the position
of use;
[0038] FIG. 14 shows a schematic side view of a drilling device
applied in an embodiment of the method according to the
invention;
[0039] FIG. 15 shows a schematic side view of a rotating drill head
equipped with nozzles of a drilling device applied in an embodiment
of the method according to the invention; and
[0040] FIG. 16 shows schematically a jacket of a wind turbine
placed according to the invention on a foundation of piles.
[0041] Shown with reference to FIG. 1 is a device according to the
invention in the form of a positioning frame 1 which comprises at
the corner points four cylindrical guide sleeves (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d)
adapted to receive and guide a pile. Guide sleeves (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d)
are rigidly connected to each other by side lattices (3a, 3b, 3c,
3d) which are constructed from a relatively large number of tubular
structural elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d). Cross braces (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d)
connect the side lattices (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) to a central connecting
plate 6, whereby the lattice gains structural stiffness. Additional
lattice elements, such as as frame 3e, can be added in order to
build up sufficient stiffness. All elements (2, 3, 4, 5) and
connecting plate 6 define the positioning frame 1. The upper parts
of side lattices (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) are advantageously provided with
a peripheral catwalk 9 for easy access and inspection. Guide
sleeves (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) are held in a fixed position relative to
each other by the side lattices (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) and the cross
braces (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d), this such that guide sleeves (2a, 2b, 2c,
2d) are arranged in a geometric pattern, this pattern being in the
embodiment shown in FIG. 1 a square with a side of about 20 m. Any
other geometric pattern is however possible, such as a triangular
pattern for instance.
[0042] Each guide sleeve (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) comprises a cylindrical
peripheral wall (23a, 23b, 23c, 23d) which is supported by a base
plate (21a, 21b, 21c, 21d) and with which positioning frame 1 can
find support on the bottom. The inner surface of each guide sleeve
(2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) is provided along a portion of the length of the
guide sleeve with support ribs (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) for supporting
a pile when it moves through the guide sleeve. The dimensions of
guide sleeves (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) can be selected within wide limits,
but have in the shown embodiment a height of about 6 m. Support
ribs (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) extend through a distance of about 3 m as
measured from the upper edge of guide sleeves (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d),
whereby the lower portion of the inner surface is without support
ribs over about 3 m (and so has a larger diameter).
[0043] Positioning frame 1 can further be provided with means for
guiding positioning frame 1 along the spud poles of an offshore
platform shown in FIG. 2. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 these
means comprise a structure with two U-shaped end forks (8a, 8b)
which are fixedly connected to the rest of positioning frame 1 by
means of tubular elements. Positioning frame 1 is positioned
relative to platform 10 such that a spud pole (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d)
of platform 10 is partially received in the space between the outer
legs (9a, 10a, 9b, 10b) of the U-shaped end forks (8a, 8b), the
space being large enough to be able to receive a spud pole.
Positioning frame 1 can in this way be guided downward and/or
upward along the spud pole(s). The means for guiding the
positioning frame 1 along spud poles (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d) of the
platform also comprise lifting means, such as winches 15 provided
on the work deck of platform 10.
[0044] A jack-up platform 10 adapted according to the invention is
shown in FIG. 2. For reasons of clarity a number of structures,
such as a lifting crane 18 (see FIGS. 3-9), normally present on a
jack-up platform are omitted from the figure. Jack-up platform 10
comprises substantially a work deck 11 and four spud pole jacks
(12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) at the corner points of work deck 11. Each
jack (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) operates a spud pole (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d)
which can be lowered in the vertical direction 14 until the
relevant spud pole finds support on bottom 30 (FIG. 6). Work deck
11 is provided with winches 15 over which run cables which are
connected to positioning frame 1. Using winches 15 the positioning
frame 1 can be raised or lowered in the vertical direction 14.
Platform 10 is further provided with two circular openings or moon
pools (16a, 16b) which provide access to the water present under
work deck 11 and which have a diameter which is large enough for
passage of a foundation pile. Platform 10 thus carries the
positioning frame 1, which in the shown preferred embodiment is
provided on the underside of platform 10 in a rest position in the
immediate vicinity of work deck 11 of platform 10. The assembly of
platform 10 and positioning frame 1 is positioned such that moon
pool 16b is vertically aligned with guide sleeve 2c, indicated in
FIG. 2 with broken line 17.
[0045] The above described embodiment can advantageously be applied
in the invented method, but a number of other preferred embodiments
are nevertheless described below which have other or more
advantages in determined aspects.
[0046] Referring to FIG. 3 for instance, an embodiment of the
method according to the invention is shown, which method is
characterized by providing a floating device 60 provided with
lifting means in the form of lifting crane 18. Floating device 60
can for instance comprise a vessel, a platform, a pontoon or number
of pontoons, and may or may not be independently driven.
Positioning frame 1 with the shown mutually connected guide sleeves
(2b, 2c) arranged in a geometric pattern is lowered via lifting
crane 18 and hoisting cables 61 onto the underwater bottom 30 into
a position of use in which the frame 1 finds stable support due to
the relatively wide base plates (21a, 21b, 21c, 21 d) and its own
weight. FIG. 4 shows another embodiment in which floating device 60
comprises a platform 10 which supports by means of shown spud poles
(13b, 13c) on the underwater bottom. Positioning frame 1 is lowered
via lifting crane 18 and hoisting cables 61 onto the underwater
bottom 30 into the position of use, wherein the lowering of
positioning frame 1 therefore takes place independently of the spud
poles.
[0047] Referring to FIG. 5, yet another embodiment is shown in
which positioning frame 1 is positioned and/or oriented by engaging
the frame 1 with a remotely operated robot vehicle 62, also
referred to as a Remote Operated Vehicle or ROV, provided with a
drive 63 and manipulators 64 which can engage on parts of
positioning frame 1.
[0048] Referring to FIG. 6, yet another embodiment is shown in
which positioning frame 1 is positioned and/or oriented by engaging
the frame 1 with traction cables 66 which are provided with anchors
65 and connected to positioning frame 1. By anchoring the traction
cables 66 in the bottom 30 using anchors 65 the frame 1 can be
accurately positioned by taking in and/or paying out the traction
cables 66 by means of winches 15. Positioning frame 1 can be guided
here along the spud poles of platform 10 as well as independently
of the spud poles.
[0049] Yet another highly advantageous embodiment is shown in FIG.
7. Positioning frame 1 is positioned and/or oriented here by
providing frame 1 with an assembly of manoeuvrable thrusters 67
which are able to drive positioning frame 1 in a chosen direction,
this depending on the direction in which the manoeuvrable thrusters
67 are oriented. Positioning frame 1 can be guided here along the
spud poles of platform 10 as well as independently of the spud
poles.
[0050] Once positioning frame 1 has been positioned on underwater
bottom 30 as according to the above described embodiments,
foundation piles 40 are arranged in bottom 30 through guide sleeves
(2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) of positioning frame 1 in the position of use.
[0051] A possible embodiment is shown in FIG. 8. It is noted that
in the shown embodiment positioning frame 1 is situated in front of
spud pole 13b of platform 10, therefore separately of platform 10,
and has thus been lowered independently of the spud poles onto
bottom 30, has particularly been positioned by one of the other
above described methods, preferably by means of a positioning frame
1 provided with thrusters. As shown, a pile lining tube 41 can be
picked up by lifting crane 18 and placed in moon pool 16b of the
platform above the desired position 33 of the first pile. Should
position 33 be located adjacently of the platform, this step is
then not necessary.
[0052] In a subsequent step of the method (see FIG. 9) a pile 40 is
picked up by lifting crane 18 from a storage rack 42 located on
platform 10 and lowered until the underside of pile 40 is situated
at the level 43, this level being close to the level of the bottom
(see FIG. 10).
[0053] Once pile 40 has been correctly aligned with guide sleeve
2c, the pile is lowered further until it is partially received in
tube 2c. The pile is then carried further under its own weight into
the underwater bottom 30, during which process the pile is guided
through guide sleeve 2c as shown in FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 12,
pile 40 is then driven into bottom 30 until the top of pile 40 has
penetrated further into guide sleeve 2c than the portion provided
with support ribs. Pile 40 can be driven into bottom 30 by means of
a pneumatic hammer 44 as shown in FIG. 12, although there are other
embodiments which can be equally suitable or even more
suitable.
[0054] Referring to FIG. 13, an embodiment is shown in which the
arranging of piles 40 in bottom 30 is performed by drilling the
foundation piles 40, and/or shafts in which the foundation piles 40
are arranged, into the underwater bottom 30 by means of drilling
means. In the shown embodiment platform 10 is provided with a crane
18 to which is attached a drill string 68 of the bottom hole
assembly type. Drill string 68 is lowered by lifting crane 18 into
a guide sleeve or casing 69 which has been placed in bottom 30 by
an oscillator 691. This method is particularly suitable for harder
bottoms 30 consisting for instance of a rock-bed 301 with a layer
302 of weathered rock thereabove. Guide casing 69 is preferably
arranged as far as the rock-bed 301.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 14, another embodiment comprises drilling
means 70 with an underwater part suspended by means of a lifting
plate 75 from suspension means in the form of a cable 71. Using
cable 71 drilling means 70 can be carried underwater until they
come into contact with the guide sleeves, such as guide sleeve 2b,
and can be connected thereto. The control of drill head 73 and the
like takes place with control means 76 which are situated above
water and comprise, among other parts, a power source 76a, a
compressor 76b and pumps (not shown) for developing hydraulic
pressure, in addition to electronics (not shown). The control means
are located on a floating device, for instance pontoon 77. Drilling
means 70 are electrically connected to control means 76 by means of
electric cables 78. Material drilled out of the underwater bottom
30 by drill head 73 can be discharged via a discharge conduit 79 to
which a discharge pipe or hose (not shown) is connected if
desired.
[0056] Shown in more detail with reference to FIG. 15 is a
preferred embodiment of the drilling means 70 for drilling a shaft
80 in underwater bottom 30. Drilling means 70 comprise a drill
string 162 arranged in a guide sleeve 2. Guide sleeve 2 supports at
its underside 21 on underwater bottom 30, whereby a substantially
water-impermeable seal can be obtained. Guide sleeve 2 is
sufficiently large to provide space for drill string 162. Drill
string 162 comprises a number of drill pipes 162a mutually
connected by means of flanges. The hollow drill pipes 162a together
form a central cavity 86. Drill string 162 is provided on the
underside with a drill head 73 with cutting tools 88, for instance
in the form of cutting discs. In order to avoid outward buckling of
drill string 162 during drilling, drill string 162 is preferably
provided with a number of stabilizers 89 which are arranged
distributed in axial direction and which support against the inner
wall of guide sleeve 2. Using drive means 76 the drill string 162,
and therefore drill head 73, can be set into rotation in guide
sleeve 2, whereby the underwater bottom 30 is crushed by the action
of cutting tools 88.
[0057] Because a water column is present in the space between the
substantially coaxially disposed guide sleeve 2 and drill string
162, a pressure difference is created between the upper side and
the underside of drill string 162, wherein the pressure is of
course higher on the underside. Owing to this pressure difference
and because guide sleeve 2 is open on the underside, so that a
throughfeed is possible to cavity 86, water and dislodged bottom
material flow via the underside into cavity 86. An upward flow 90
is thus maintained in cavity 86 of drill string 162, in which flow
30 dislodged bottom material is discharged to the top side of drill
string 162, where it is discharged via discharge conduit 79.
[0058] In order to further facilitate the discharge of dislodged
bottom material through cavity 86 of drill string 162, the shown
preferred variant also comprises means for injecting air under
pressure into the hollow drill string 162 at the position of drill
head 73. These means comprise feed lines 84 which are arranged on
drill string 162 and which are connected at the one outer end to
compressor 76 and which debouch at the other outer end into cavity
86 of drill string 162 via air inlet valves 83. Air supplied under
pressure through lines 84 (in the direction of arrows 82) enters
flow 90 via air inlet valves 83 and thus supports the flow 90.
[0059] Drilling means 70 can be further provided with one or more
nozzles (not shown) for injecting a fluid, preferably water, under
pressure into underwater bottom 30 at the position of drill head
73. Drill string 162 and/or guide sleeve 2 and/or drill head 73 are
provided for this purpose with conduits (not shown) for feeding the
fluid to the nozzles. The nozzles are preferably mounted on drill
head 73 and suitable for emitting water under a first pressure of
at least 200 bar, more preferably at least 350 bar, still more
preferably at least 500 bar and most preferably at least 650
bar.
[0060] The above described sequence of method steps is then
repeated a number of times, depending on the desired number of
foundation piles which must be arranged in bottom 30. Because guide
sleeves (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) of positioning frame 1 are automatically
situated in the correct positions, all piles can be driven in
efficient manner into bottom 30 without losing time in determining
the position for each individual pile.
[0061] Once all piles 40 have been arranged in bottom 30,
positioning frame 1 can optionally be removed. If desired, the
position of piles 40 and/or the vertical position of the top of
each of the piles 40 can be checked prior to removal of positioning
frame 1 by optical means suitable for the purpose, such as cameras,
for the purpose of checking and inspecting the whole operation.
[0062] Referring to FIG. 16, a jacket 150 of a wind turbine 151 can
be placed on the foundation realized as described above. This can
take place for instance by arranging legs 152 of jacket 150 in or
around piles 40 and anchoring the legs 152 to piles 40 by means of
grouting.
[0063] The method and positioning frame according to the invention
allow a pile foundation to be provided in efficient manner wherein
it is not necessary to displace the platform regularly for each
pile, whereby much time is gained compared to the known method. The
invented method is less dependent on weather conditions and
requires in principle no extensive inspection operations
underwater, for instance by robots and/or divers.
* * * * *