U.S. patent application number 13/779802 was filed with the patent office on 2013-07-11 for optical pickup.
This patent application is currently assigned to Hitachi Media Electronics Co., Ltd. The applicant listed for this patent is Tomoto Kawamura, Hiromi Kita, Toshiteru Nakamura. Invention is credited to Tomoto Kawamura, Hiromi Kita, Toshiteru Nakamura.
Application Number | 20130176840 13/779802 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44296039 |
Filed Date | 2013-07-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130176840 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kita; Hiromi ; et
al. |
July 11, 2013 |
Optical Pickup
Abstract
An optical pickup includes a light source, an objective lens, a
diffraction grating that divides an optical beam reflected from a
predetermined information layer, into a plurality of optical beams,
and a detector having a plurality of photo-receivers to receive a
plurality of optical beams. The diffraction grating has a
predetermined region for dividing from a signal light beam a region
including a central portion of a spot which the signal light beam
will form on the diffraction grating. A distance from a central
section of the detector to that of a spot center photo-receiver on
the detector, the spot center photo-receiver being provided to
receive the optical beams formed by division in a predetermined
region of the diffraction grating, is equal to or greater than a
spot radius of the unwanted light beams entering the predetermined
region of the diffraction grating, on the detector.
Inventors: |
Kita; Hiromi; (Hiratsuka,
JP) ; Kawamura; Tomoto; (Yokohama, JP) ;
Nakamura; Toshiteru; (Yokohama, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Kita; Hiromi
Kawamura; Tomoto
Nakamura; Toshiteru |
Hiratsuka
Yokohama
Yokohama |
|
JP
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
Hitachi Media Electronics Co.,
Ltd
Iwate
JP
|
Family ID: |
44296039 |
Appl. No.: |
13/779802 |
Filed: |
February 28, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
12956155 |
Nov 30, 2010 |
8427911 |
|
|
13779802 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
369/44.13 ;
369/112.03 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 7/131 20130101;
G11B 7/0916 20130101; G11B 21/106 20130101; G11B 7/0906 20130101;
G11B 2007/0013 20130101; G11B 7/1353 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
369/44.13 ;
369/112.03 |
International
Class: |
G11B 21/10 20060101
G11B021/10 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 25, 2010 |
JP |
2010-012753 |
Claims
1. An optical pickup that reproduces information from an optical
disc having at least two information layers, the optical pickup
comprising: a light source that emits an optical beam; an objective
lens that converges the optical beam upon a predetermined
information layer from which desired information is to be
reproduced in the optical disc; a diffraction grating that divides
the optical beam reflected from the predetermined information layer
of the optical disc that is to be used for the reproduction, into a
plurality of optical beams according to region of the optical beam;
a detector that includes a plurality of photo-receivers for
receiving the plurality of optical beams; wherein: the detector
includes, as the plurality of photo-receivers, a plurality of
photo-receivers for generating a tracking control signal, a
focusing control signal, and a reproduction signal: the detector is
disposed at a position where is converged an optical beam that has
not been divided by and has passed through the diffraction grating;
and wherein, if the position at which the optical beam passed
through the diffraction grating is defined as a central section of
the detector, the optical beam reflected from the predetermined
information layer of the optical disc that is to be used for the
reproduction is defined as a signal light beam, and the optical
beams reflected from the other information layers of the optical
disc are defined as unwanted light beams; the diffraction grating
includes a predetermined region to divide from the signal light
beam a region including at least a central portion of a spot which
the signal light beam will form on the diffraction grating; the
detector includes a spot center photo-receiver to receive the
optical beam divided in the predetermined region of the diffraction
grating; and a distance from a central portion of the spot center
photo-receiver to that of the detector is equal to or greater than
a spot radius of the unwanted light beams on the detector that have
been admitted into the predetermined region of the diffraction
grating.
2. The optical pickup according to claim 1, wherein: if a vector
connecting the central section of the detector and the
photo-receiver is defined as a direction vector, the
photo-receivers arranged outside the detector in order to generate
the tracking control signal and the reproduction signal have a
shape longer in a direction parallel to the direction vector, than
in a direction vertical thereto.
3. The optical pickup according to claim 2, wherein: the
photo-receivers for generating the tracking control signal and the
reproduction signal have a shape that includes at least a square
region measuring at least 24 .mu.m per side.
4. The optical pickup according to claim 1, wherein: the spot
center photo-receiver is disposed at a distance of at least 818
.mu.m from the central section of the detector.
Description
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0001] This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
12/956,155, filed on Nov. 30, 2010, now allowed, which claims the
benefit of Japanese Application No. JP 2010-012753, filed Jan. 25,
2010, in the Japanese Patent Office, the disclosures of which are
incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] (1) Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to an optical pickup that
records information on or reproduces information from optical
discs.
[0004] (2) Description of the Related Art
[0005] A technique concerned with the present invention is
described in Japanese laid-open patent application publication No.
JP-A-2004-281026 that discloses an optical pickup.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Optical discs are one of the media drawing a great deal of
attention as long-storage media in terms of cost reduction, the
reliability of data storage, and the like. Optical discs with two
information layers, such as digital versatile discs (DVDs) and
Blu-ray discs (BDs), have heretofore been standardized for
increased capacity. Currently, recording and reproducing
information with an optical disc having three or more information
layers is being considered as a technique for obtaining an even
larger capacity. Optical discs with two information layers or with
three or more information layers are called "multilayered optical
discs".
[0007] In an optical disc with eccentricity or a runout on face, as
the optical disc spins, mismatching will occur between the
reproduction position on the disc and the focal position of the
optical beam. For this reason, the focal position of the optical
beam is controlled in radial and perpendicular directions of the
disc to match the desired or intended reproducing position. Radial
control of the disc is referred to as tracking control, and
vertical control of the disc as focus control.
[0008] The differential push-pull (DPP) method or the differential
phase detection (DPD) method is generally used to generate a
tracking control signal, or tracking error signal (TES), for
tracking control. JP-A-2004-281026 describes a method of detecting
TES by dividing a disc-reflected optical beam into a region called
the push-pull region, and other regions, via a diffraction grating.
The method of TES detection, based on JP-A-2004-281026, is
hereinafter called the single-beam differential push-pull (DPP)
method.
[0009] Meanwhile, the astigmatic method or the knife-edge method is
generally used to generate a focusing error signal (FES) for focus
control. These control signals are generated through photoelectric
conversion by detector detection of the optical beam reflected from
a predetermined information layer from which information is to be
reproduced on the optical disc. This beam is hereinafter referred
to as the signal light beam.
[0010] When information present on a multilayered disc is
reproduced, an unwanted optical beam reflected from an information
layer different from that from which the information is to be
reproduced will occur (this beam is hereinafter referred to as the
unwanted light beam). Incidence of the unwanted light beam upon
photo-receivers of the detector will cause TES and/or FES noise,
resulting in unstable control. For information reproduction,
therefore, multilayered discs need to be constructed to prevent the
unwanted light beam from entering the photo-receivers at which TES
and FES are generated.
[0011] The configuration described in JP-A-2004-281026 uses the
single-beam DPP method to generate TES, and the astigmatic method
to generate FES, and prevents the unwanted light beam from entering
TES-generating photo-receivers during reproduction from the optical
disc including two information layers. For FES, however, no
consideration is given to entry of the unwanted light beam. In
addition, the device with the diffraction grating combined with a
detection lens has a number of constituent elements and is hence
expensive. Furthermore, assembly steps correspondingly increase,
which reduces productivity. Besides, no description is given of
recording on or reproduction from an optical disc having three or
more information layers.
[0012] An object of the present invention is to provide an
inexpensive optical pickup adapted to conduct stable tracking
control and focus control by eliminating any impacts of an unwanted
light beam from TES and FES during multilayered disc recording or
reproduction.
[0013] The above object can be attained by adopting any one of the
configurations described as an example in claims.
[0014] According to the present invention, an optical pickup
adapted to conduct stable tracking control and focus control during
multilayered disc recording or reproduction can be provided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] These and other features, objects and advantages of the
present invention will become more apparent from the following
description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, wherein:
[0016] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an
optical pickup 100 according to a first embodiment;
[0017] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a diffraction grating 006
of the first embodiment;
[0018] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a detector 007 of the first
embodiment;
[0019] FIG. 4 is a diagram that illustrates directions in which
signal light beams formed on the detector 007 of the first
embodiment will move under an in-focus state;
[0020] FIG. 5 is a diagram that illustrates directions in which the
signal light beams formed on the detector 007 of the first
embodiment will move under an out-of-focus condition;
[0021] FIG. 6 is a diagram that illustrates signal beam spots
formed on the detector 007 by signal light beams of second-order
light after beam division by the diffraction grating 006 of the
first embodiment;
[0022] FIG. 7 is an enlarged, schematic representation of
photo-receivers TE 1 to TE 4 formed on the detector 007 of the
first embodiment;
[0023] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a diffraction grating 015
of a second embodiment;
[0024] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a detector 016 of the
second embodiment;
[0025] FIG. 10 is a diagram that illustrates signal beam spots
formed on the detector 016 by signal light beams of second-order
light after beam division by the diffraction grating 015 of the
second embodiment;
[0026] FIG. 11 is a diagram that illustrates both signal beam spots
and unwanted beam spots that occur in a third embodiment during
information reproduction from a triple-layered disc; and
[0027] FIG. 12 is a schematic of an optical pickup existing when it
is reproducing information from an information layer 019, the
nearest of all information layers to the surface of the
triple-layered disc 017, in the third embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0028] Hereunder, embodiments of the present invention will be
described in detail in accordance with the accompanying drawings.
The description, however, does not limit the invention.
First Embodiment
[0029] An optical pickup according to a first embodiment of the
present invention is described in detail below. An optical pickup
adapted for recording information on or reproducing information
from a double-layered disc of current Blu-ray disc (BD) standards
is described first. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a
configuration of the optical pickup 100 according to the first
embodiment. In the figure, the X-direction is equivalent to the
radial direction of the optical disc, the Z-direction to the
vertical direction thereof, and the Y-direction to the direction
parallel to tracks of the optical disc.
[0030] An optical beam is emitted as divergent light from a light
source 001. Recording information on or reproducing information
from a BD generally uses a semiconductor laser that emits optical
beams of 405.+-.10 nm in wavelength. The present embodiment assumes
that the light source 001 emits optical beams of 405.+-.10 nm in
wavelength. A dotted-and-dashed line 008 denotes a central optical
path of the optical beam emitted from the light source 001, and a
solid line 009 denotes an outer edge of the optical beam path. The
optical beam emitted from the light source 001 enters a
light-branching element 002. The light-branching element 002 has a
function that causes only a predetermined amount of light of the
incident optical beam to pass through and reflects a remaining
amount of light. A polarizing prism, for example, can be used to
realize the light-branching element 002.
[0031] A change in the amount of light from the light source during
reproduction deteriorates a reproduction signal. Optical pickups
usually use a detector to measure the amount of light from the
light source and provide feedback control for a fixed amount of
light, or fixed luminous intensity. The detector for feedback
control is referred to as a front monitor. Although not shown, an
optical beam that has passed through the light-branching element
002 may be used for the front monitor. The beam of light that has
been reflected from the light-branching element 002 enters a
collimating lens 003, where the beam is then transformed into a
nearly parallel beam of light.
[0032] The optical beam that has passed through the collimating
lens 003 is admitted in converged form into a predetermined,
internal information layer of the double-layered disc 005 by an
objective lens 004. An objective lens's numerical aperture (NA) of
0.85 is usually used to reproduce information from a BD. The
objective lens 004 in the present embodiment also assumes an NA of
0.85 to reproduce information from the BD. The objective lens 004
is mounted in or on an actuator (not shown) and can be driven in
the radial direction of the optical disc (i.e., the X-direction in
FIG. 1) and in the vertical direction thereof (i.e., the
Z-direction in FIG. 1). Radial driving is used for tracking control
and lens displacement, and vertical driving is used for focus
control. In general, lens displacement refers to driving the
objective lens in the radial direction of the optical disc.
[0033] The double-layered disc 005 has a surface 010, an
information layer 011, and an information layer 012. Double-layered
disc standards provide for a space of 100 .mu.m from the surface to
the information layer that is more remote therefrom, and a space of
25 .mu.m between the two information layers. The present embodiment
also assumes a 100-.mu.m space between the surface and the
information layer 012, and a 25-.mu.m space between the information
layers 011 and 012. FIG. 1 assumes reproduction from the
information layer 012, upon which the optical beam is converged.
The optical beam reflected from the information layer 012 within
the double-layered optical disc 005 travels through the objective
lens 004, the collimating lens 003, and the light-branching element
002, in that order, and then enters a diffraction grating 006.
[0034] The diffraction grating 006 is formed from a plurality of
regions, and the optical beam that has entered the grating is
divided into +1st-order light and -1st-order light (neither shown)
for each region. The regions of the diffraction grating 006 will be
described later herein. The optical beam, after being divided by
the diffraction grating 006, enters predetermined photo-receivers
of a detector 007. The detector 007 has a plurality of
photo-receivers, and outputs an electrical signal in accordance
with the luminous intensity of the optical beam which has entered
the photo-receiver. The detector also generates TES based on the
single-beam DPP and DPD schemes, FES based on the knife-edge
scheme, and a reproduction signal (RF signal). The photo-receivers
inside the detector 007 will be described later herein. The
detector is usually disposed at a focal position of the collimating
lens. In FIG. 1, the detector 007 is also disposed at the position
where is converged the optical beam that was passed through the
diffraction grating 006, not divided thereby.
[0035] As described above, the optical pickup 100 includes the
light source 001, the light-branching element 002, the collimating
lens 003, the objective lens 004, the diffraction grating 006, and
the detector 007.
[0036] It can be seen from FIG. 1 that a detection lens is not
provided in the optical pickup 100 of the present embodiment.
Detection lenses are usually used for FES detection in the
astigmatic scheme. The optical pickup 100 of the present embodiment
employs the knife-edge scheme to generate FES, and is thus devised
to do without a detection lens. The absence of a detection lens
leads to reduction in the number of components required, and thus
enables low-cost production of the optical pickup 100. Assembly
steps are also reduced, which is likely to improve productivity.
Hereinafter, an optical path on which incident light travels from
the light source 001 to the double-layered disc 005 will be
referred to as the inbound path, and an optical path on which exit
light travels from the double-layered disc 005 to the detector 007
will be referred to as the outbound path.
[0037] In addition, of the optical beam that has been emitted from
the light source, the optical beam components reflected from the
information layer being used for information reproduction will be
referred to as the signal light beam. For example, in FIG. 1, the
optical beam reflected from the information layer 012 is the signal
light beam. Conversely, the optical beam components reflected from
the information layer different from that being used for
information reproduction will be referred to as the unwanted light
beam. For example, although not shown in FIG. 1, the optical beam
reflected from the information layer 011 is the unwanted light
beam.
[0038] In an optical disc with a runout on face, a shift in
position in the vertical direction of the disc (i.e., the
Z-direction in FIG. 1) occurs between the focal position of the
optical beam and the information layer from which information is to
be reproduced. This state is generally referred to as defocus.
Defocus causes no convergence of the optical beam upon the
detector, forming a blurry spot. In the present embodiment, when
the optical disc moves close to the objective lens, this state is
referred to as in-focus, and conversely when the disc moves away
from the lens, this operation is referred to as out-of-focus.
[0039] For BDs, since the NA of the objective lens is large, if the
space from the surface to the desired information layer differs
from a required value, the optical beam converged upon the
information layer will suffer from significant spherical
aberration. An ordinary optical pickup, therefore, has a mechanism
that corrects spherical aberration by driving a collimating lens in
the direction of an optical axis and controlling a divergent state
and focused state of the beam. The present embodiment also assumes
that the optical pickup 100 has a mechanism that corrects spherical
aberration by driving the collimating lens 003 in a direction
parallel to an optical axis (i.e., a direction of an arrow 014 in
FIG. 1). Use of a deformable mirror or a concentric liquid-crystal
element makes spherical aberration correctable without driving the
collimating lens. A deformable mirror may be disposed in immediate
front of the objective lens 004 or a concentric liquid-crystal
element may be disposed near the collimating lens 003.
[0040] In the present embodiment, the diffraction grating 006 is
disposed between the light-branching element 002 and the detector
007, as shown in FIG. 1, to implement less expensive fabrication of
the diffraction grating having significant cost impacts. Disposing
the diffraction grating 006 between the collimating lens 003 and
the objective lens 004 is undesirable since, if the diffraction
grating 006 is disposed between the collimating lens 003 and the
objective lens 004, driving the collimating lens 003 will change
the spot position of the signal light beam on the detector 007,
deteriorating FES, TES, and the RF signal.
[0041] The diffraction grating 006 is desirably disposed between
the collimating lens 003 and the light-branching element 002 or
between the light-branching element 002 and the detector 007. A
region between the collimating lens 003 and the light-branching
element 002 is where the inbound path and the outbound path are
used in common. To dispose the diffraction grating 006 on a common
optical path in this way is called "inbound/outbound path layout".
Realizing the inbound/outbound path layout requires forming a
diffraction grating that functions to make an inbound optical beam
pass through and diffract only an outbound optical beam. Such a
diffraction grating is achievable with a polarizing diffraction
grating, but requires a complex fabrication process and is
generally expensive.
[0042] Additionally, an inbound optical beam in an actual device
cannot completely pass through a polarizing diffraction grating and
is slightly diffracted, and incidence of the diffracted optical
beam upon a detector causes a serious problem. Such a diffracted
optical beam is called "inbound stray light". The optical path
between the light-branching element 002 and the detector 007, on
the other hand, operates only as the outbound path. To dispose the
diffraction grating 006 in this form on the path used only as the
outbound path, is called "outbound path layout".
[0043] In the outbound path layout pattern, since distinction
between the inbound and outbound beams is unnecessary, a
non-polarizing diffraction grating can be used. A non-polarizing
diffraction grating is far less expensive than a polarizing
diffraction grating. The outbound path layout, compared with the
inbound/outbound path layout, provides a reduction in spot size of
the signal light on the diffraction grating, thus enabling the
diffraction grating 006 to be downsized in outline. Briefly,
outbound-path disposition of the diffraction grating 006, compared
with its inbound/outbound-path disposition, dimensionally reduces
the outline of the grating and hence enables even less expensive
fabrication thereof. In addition, since the outbound path layout
permits no inbound beam to pass through, the outbound path layout
is effective in that the inbound stray light as seen in the inbound
path layout cannot exist.
[0044] Let a distance between the collimating lens 003 and the
diffraction grating 006 be L as shown in FIG. 1. As a spacing
between the light source 001 and the light-branching element 002
and a spacing between the light-branching element 002 and the
detector 007 increase, sensitivity due to component deviations
usually increases too much and reliability of the optical pickup
deteriorates. This occurs if the distance L is reduced.
[0045] Conversely, increasing the distance L makes the spot size
too smaller on the diffraction grating 006, rendering its pitch too
fine. This makes the diffraction grating difficult to manufacture,
leading to increased costs. In particular, if the distance L is too
long, this makes the manufacture itself of the diffraction grating
impossible. As can be seen from these facts, the distance L has a
relationship of trade-offs with respect to costs and the
reliability of the optical pickup. Thus, it is recommended that the
distance L be between 1/2 and 3/4 of the focal distance of the
collimating lens.
[0046] Next, the divided regions of the diffraction grating 006 are
described below with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows the
diffraction grating 006 as viewed from the detector 007. The
horizontal direction in FIG. 2 is equivalent to the X-direction in
FIG. 1, and the vertical direction to the Y-direction. The
diffraction grating 006 is divided into nine regions, namely, A, B,
C, D, E, F, G, H, and I, as shown in FIG. 2. The signal light beam
that has entered the diffraction grating 006 is divided into
+1st-order light and -1st-order light. The regions A, B, C, D, E,
F, G, H assume a blazed type of diffraction grating that generates
a luminous intensity ratio of 4:1 between the +1st-order light and
the -1st-order light. In the present embodiment, the RF signal is
generated from the +1st-order light. If the +1st-order light is
smaller in luminous intensity, this deteriorates signal-to-noise
(S/N) characteristics. For this reason, the luminous intensity of
the +1st-order light is prioritized to be greater than that of the
-1st-order light. However, for example if the S/N characteristics
can be satisfied, the luminous intensity ratio between the
+1st-order light and the -1st-order light can be 5:1 or 3:1.
[0047] The region I assumes a rectangular type of diffraction
grating formed to obtain a luminous intensity ratio of 1:1 between
the +1st-order light and the -1st-order light. The +1st-order
signal light and -1st-order signal light that have entered the
region I are both used to generate the RF signal. The diffraction
grating 006 can be of a blazed-type structure that yields a 1:2 or
1:0 luminous intensity ratio between the +1st-order light and the
-1st-order light. The rectangular type has advantages over the
blazed type. For example, the former is simpler in fabrication
process, and can be made narrower in pitch, than the latter.
Therefore, the present embodiment employs the rectangular type of
diffraction grating for the region I.
[0048] A broken-line circle 201 denotes the outermost edge defined
by the signal light beam incident upon the diffraction grating 006.
Shaded sections 202 and 203 denote push-pull regions. An arrow 204
signifies lens-shifting directions. As shown, the push-pull regions
occur in the lens-shifting directions. Since the present embodiment
assumes single-beam DPP, the signal light beam needs to be divided
into push-pull regions and other regions. As shown, the diffraction
grating 006 is divided into the regions A, B, C, D that are the
push-pull regions, and the regions E, F, G, H, I that are the other
regions.
[0049] A push-pull signal is generated from the regions A, B, C, D,
inclusive of the push-pull regions shown in FIG. 2, through
predetermined computation. A lens error signal associated with lens
displacement is generated from the regions E, F, G, H, exclusive of
the push-pull regions, through predetermined computation.
Generation of TES in the single-beam DPP scheme is based on a
differential output value between the push-pull signal and the
lens-shifting error signal.
[0050] Next, the detector 007 is described below with reference to
FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows the detector 007 as viewed from a minus
Z-direction, and assumes that the signal light beam is focused on
an information layer. In FIG. 3, the horizontal direction is
defined as an X-direction, and the vertical direction as a
Y-direction. A central point of the detector 007 is denoted as O,
which is equivalent to a position upon which a signal light beam
that has been passed through the diffraction grating 006, not
divided thereby, is converged. In FIG. 3, a dashed-and-dotted line
passing through the detector central point O, in the X-direction,
is shown as an X-axis 302, and a dashed-and-dotted line passing
through the detector central point O, in the Y-direction, is shown
as a Y-axis 301.
[0051] The detector 007 internally has 19 photo-receivers, namely,
TE 1 to TE 8, TS 1 to TS 4, R1 and R2, and f1 to f5. Layout of
these photo-receivers is as shown in FIG. 3. The layout of the
photo-receivers is described below. The photo-receivers R1, R2 are
each disposed point-symmetrically with respect to a central point O
of the photo-receiver, on the X-axis 302. The photo-receivers TE 1,
TE 2, TE 3, TE 4 are arranged in that order in a plus Y-direction,
on the Y-axis 301.
[0052] The photo-receivers TS 1, TS 2, TS 3, TS 4 are arranged in
that order from a minus side of the X-axis to a plus side thereof.
The photo-receivers TS 1, TS 2, TS 3, TS 4 are each arranged in the
plus Y-direction with a predetermined spacing from the X-axis 302.
Additionally, the photo-receiver TS 2 is disposed in the minus
X-direction with a predetermined spacing from the Y-axis 301, and
the photo-receiver TS 3 is disposed in the plus X-direction with a
predetermined spacing from the Y-axis 301.
[0053] The photo-receivers f1, f2, f3, f4, f5 are arranged in that
order in a minus Y-direction, on the Y-axis 301. The
photo-receivers f1, f2, f3, f4, f5 are where FES is generated using
the knife-edge method. Accordingly, FIG. 3 assumes that regions
generally called dark lines exist between the photo-receivers f1
and f2, between the photo-receivers f2 and f3, between the
photo-receivers f3 and f4, and between the photo-receivers f4 and
f5.
[0054] The photo-receivers TE 5, TE 6, TE 7, TE 8 are arranged in
that order from the minus side of the X-axis to the plus side
thereof. The photo-receivers TE 5, TE 6, TE 7, TE 8 are each
arranged in the minus Y-direction with a predetermined spacing from
the X-axis 302. Additionally, the photo-receiver TE 6 is disposed
in the minus X-direction with a predetermined spacing from the
Y-axis 301, and the photo-receiver TE 7 is disposed in the plus
X-direction with a predetermined spacing from the Y-axis 301.
[0055] Next, which of the photo-receivers in the detector 007 the
signal light beam that has been divided into each region of the
diffraction grating 006 is converged on is described below.
Hereinafter, of the signal light beam divided by the diffraction
grating 006, the signal light beam component that becomes
+1st-order light is expressed with a suffix +1, and the signal
light beam component that becomes -1st-order light is expressed
with a suffix -1. For example, the +1st-order light of the signal
light beam incident upon the region A of the diffraction grating
006 is expressed as signal light beam A+1, and the -1st-order light
of the particular signal light beam is expressed as signal light
beam A-1. In addition, an image that the signal light beam A+1 will
form when converged upon the detector 007 is expressed as signal
beam spot A+1, for example.
[0056] The signal light beam incident upon the region A of the
diffraction grating 006 is divided into the signal light beams A+1
and A-1. The signal light beam A+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TE 1 to form the signal beam spot A+1, and the
signal light beam A-1 is converged upon the dark line between the
photo-receivers f1 and f2 to form a signal beam spot A-1.
[0057] The signal light beam incident upon the region B of the
diffraction grating 006 is divided into signal light beams B+1 and
B-1. The signal light beam B+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TE 1 to form a signal beam spot B+1, and the signal
light beam B-1 is converged centrally upon the dark line between
the photo-receivers f4 and f5 to form a signal beam spot B-1.
[0058] The signal light beam incident upon the region C of the
diffraction grating 006 is divided into signal light beams C+1 and
C-1. The signal light beam C+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TE 2 to form a signal beam spot C+1, and the signal
light beam C-1 is converged upon the dark line between the
photo-receivers f2 and f3 to form a signal beam spot C-1.
[0059] The signal light beam incident upon the region D of the
diffraction grating 006 is divided into signal light beams D+1 and
D-1. The signal light beam D+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TE 3 to form a signal beam spot D+1, and the signal
light beam D-1 is converged centrally upon the dark line between
the photo-receivers f3 and f4 to form a signal beam spot D-1.
[0060] The signal light beam incident upon the region E of the
diffraction grating 006 is divided into signal light beams E+1 and
E-1. The signal light beam E+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TS 4 to form a signal beam spot E+1, and the signal
light beam E-1 is converged centrally upon the photo-receiver TE 5
to form a signal beam spot E-1.
[0061] The signal light beam incident upon the region F of the
diffraction grating 006 is divided into signal light beams F+1 and
F-1. The signal light beam F+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TS 2 to form a signal beam spot F+1, and the signal
light beam F-1 is converged centrally upon the photo-receiver TE 7
to form a signal beam spot F-1.
[0062] The signal light beam incident upon the region G of the
diffraction grating 006 is divided into signal light beams G+1 and
G-1. The signal light beam G+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TS 3 to form a signal beam spot G+1, and the signal
light beam G-1 is converged centrally upon the photo-receiver TE 6
to form a signal beam spot G-1.
[0063] The signal light beam incident upon the region H of the
diffraction grating 006 is divided into signal light beams H+1 and
H-1. The signal light beam H+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TS 1 to form a signal beam spot H+1, and the signal
light beam H-1 is converged centrally upon the photo-receiver TE 8
to form a signal beam spot F-1.
[0064] The signal light beam incident upon the region I of the
diffraction grating 006 is divided into signal light beams I+1 and
I-1. The signal light beam I+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver R1 to form a signal beam spot I+1, and the signal
light beam I-1 is converged centrally upon the photo-receiver R2 to
form a signal beam spot I-1. The signal light beams I+1 and I-1
have only to be incident upon either of the photo-receivers R1 and
R2. In this case, the light beam I+1 may be converged upon the
center of the photo-receiver R2, and the light beam I-1 upon the
center of the photo-receiver R1.
[0065] As shown, the +/-1st-order signal light beams that have thus
been obtained from the division in each region of the diffraction
grating 006 are each converged at a point-symmetrical position
relative to the central point O of the photo-receiver. The two
photo-receivers that the +/-1st-order light beams divided in the
predetermined regions of the diffraction grating enter are each
disposed at a point-symmetrical position relative to the central
point O of the photo-receiver. For example, the photo-receiver R1
for accepting the +1st-order light obtained from the division in
the region I of the diffraction grating 006, and the photo-receiver
R2 for accepting the -1st-order light are arranged
point-symmetrically with respect to the central point O of the
photo-receiver.
[0066] An appropriate electrical signal is generated according to
the intensity of the signal light beam incident upon the
photo-receiver. The RF signal, TES, and FES are obtained from
thus-generated electrical signals per the following arithmetic
expressions. In the following arithmetic expressions, the
electrical signal that was generated from the photo-receiver R1,
for example, is denoted as R1.
RF=R1+R2+TE1+TE2+TE3+TE4+TS1+TS2+TS3+TS4 (1)
PP=(TE1+TE4)-(TE2+TE3) (2)
LE=(TS2+TS4)-(TS1+TS3) (3)
TES1=PP-K.times.LE (4)
TES2=(Phase difference between TE6 and TE7)+(Phase difference
between TE5 and TE8) (5)
FES=(f2+f4)-(f1+f3+f5) (6)
where PP in expression (2) denotes a push-pull signal and LE in
expression (3) denotes a lens error signal. Also, TES1 in
expression (4) denotes TES generated in the single-beam DPP scheme,
and K in expression (4) denotes a luminous intensity ratio between
the push-pull signal and the lens error signal. Expression (4)
indicates that as described above, the TES generated in the
single-beam DPP scheme is based on the differential output between
the push-pull signal and the lens error signal.
[0067] In addition, TES2 in expression (5) is TES based on the DPD
scheme. The TES based on the DPD scheme is usually generated by
dividing a signal light beam into a four-segment rectangular shape.
As in the present embodiment, the signal light beams obtained by
the division in the regions E, F, G, H of the diffraction grating
can also be used to generate phase components needed in the DPD
scheme.
[0068] The signal beam spot that the signal light beam will form on
the detector 007 when the signal light beam is focused upon an
information layer is, in terms of geometrical optics, a point, and
in wave-optical terms, has an expanse with the point as a center.
Signal beam spots are shown as geometrical-optical points in FIG.
3. These points are called on-detector focusing points.
[0069] To detect a total amount of light of the signal light beam,
outlines of the photo-receivers need to be larger than the spot
size of the signal light on the detector 007 that has a
wave-optical expanse. As described later herein, a desirable
minimal outline dimension of the photo-receivers is 24 .mu.m or
more. A semiconductor laser assumed as the light source 001 in the
present embodiment has a feature that wavelength changes with a
change in the amount of light of the exit optical beam. The change
in the wavelength of the light source 001 is equivalent to a change
in a wavelength of the signal light beam.
[0070] As the pitch of the diffraction grating is narrowed, the
optical beam easily changes in diffraction angle with the change in
the wavelength of the beam. The regions E, F, G, H, I of the
diffraction grating 006 are arranged at a narrow pitch to make the
signal light beam travel to the photo-receivers TS 1 to TS 4,
photo-receivers TE 5 to TE 8, and photo-receivers R1, R2 arranged
outside the detector 007. The diffraction angle of the signal light
beam entering these regions is prone to change particularly with
the change in the wavelength of the signal light beam. A change in
the diffraction angle is equivalent to a change in a position of
the signal beam spot formed on the detector 007. The position of
the spot changes in a direction parallel to a direction vector
connecting the detector central point O and a predetermined
photo-receiver.
[0071] In the present embodiment, in order to detect the total
amount of light of the signal light beam even in the event of a
change in wavelength, the photo-receivers TS 1 to TS 4,
photo-receivers TE 5 to TE 8, and photo-receivers R1, R2 arranged
outside the detector 007 have a shape longer in the direction
parallel to the direction vector connecting the detector central
point O and the predetermined photo-receiver, than in a direction
vertical to the direction vector. For example, the photo-receiver
TS 1 has a shape longer in the Y-direction than in the X-direction,
as shown in FIG. 3. This shape provides an effect that the
photo-receiver can have a dimensional margin for the change in the
diffraction angle.
[0072] Next, a signal beam spot formed on the detector 007 when the
signal light beam gets defocused on the information layer is
described below. Upon entering an in-focus state, the signal beam
spot that the signal light beam will form on the detector 007 take
the same geometrical-optical shape as that of the regions of the
diffraction grating 006. In addition, the spot position changes
with dependence upon positions of the diffraction grating's
regions. For example, the optical beam that has entered the upper
left region A of the diffraction grating 006 moves to upper left
upon entering the in-focus state. Conversely upon entering an
out-of-focus state, the signal beam spot that the signal light beam
will form on the detector 007 takes a shape so that the spot under
the in-focus state assumes a shape point-symmetrical to the
on-detector focusing points. In addition, the spot position
likewise changes in a point-symmetrical direction. For example, the
optical beam that has entered the upper left region A of the
diffraction grating 006 moves to lower right upon entering the
out-of-focus state.
[0073] FIG. 4 shows the signal beam spots that signal light beams
will form on the detector 007 upon entering the in-focus state.
Arrows in FIG. 4 indicate directions in which the signal light
beams move in focus.
[0074] Signal light beams A+1 and A-1 move to upper left, forming
signal beam spots A+1 and A-1, respectively. The signal beam spots
A+1 and A-1 are of exactly the same shape as that of the signal
light beams formed by the division in the region A of the
diffraction grating 006. In addition, the beams move in a direction
of an upper left region, that is, the region A of the diffraction
grating 006.
[0075] Signal light beams B+1 and B-1 move to lower left, forming
signal beam spots B+1 and B-1, respectively.
[0076] Signal light beams C+1 and C-1 move to lower right, forming
signal beam spots C+1 and C-1, respectively.
[0077] Signal light beams D+1 and D-1 move to upper right, forming
signal beam spots D+1 and D-1, respectively.
[0078] Signal light beams E+1 and E-1 move to upper left, forming
signal beam spots E+1 and E-1, respectively.
[0079] Signal light beams F+1 and F-1 move to lower left, forming
signal beam spots F+1 and F-1, respectively.
[0080] Signal light beams G+1 and G-1 move to lower right, forming
signal beam spots G+1 and G-1, respectively.
[0081] Signal light beams H+1 and H-1 move to upper right, forming
signal beam spots H+1 and H-1, respectively.
[0082] Signal light beams I+1 and I-1 remain on central sections of
the photo-receivers R1 and R2, forming significantly blurry signal
beam spots I+1 and I-1, respectively.
[0083] As described above, the signal beam spots under the in-focus
state move in the directions of the arrows, shown in FIG. 4. In
these directions, there is no photo-receiver involved with the
generation of FES and TES. This is because the detector is so
constructed that the signal beam spots formed on thereon upon
entering the in-focus state will not enter the photo-receivers
involved with the generation of FES and TES.
[0084] FIG. 5 shows the signal beam spots that signal light beams
will form on the detector 007 upon entering the out-of-focus state.
Arrows in FIG. 5 indicate directions in which the signal light
beams move under the out-of-focus state.
[0085] Signal light beams A+1 and A-1 move to lower right, forming
signal beam spots A+1 and A-1, respectively. Shapes of the signal
beam spots A+1 and A-1 formed on the detector 007 by the signal
light beams upon entering the out-of-focus state are exactly
point-symmetrical to the centers of the photo-receivers. In
addition, the beams move in a direction of a lower right region,
where the beams are also point-symmetrical to the moving direction
of the beams under the in-focus state.
[0086] Signal light beams B+1 and B-1 move to upper right, forming
signal beam spots B+1 and B-1, respectively.
[0087] Signal light beams C+1 and C-1 move to upper left, forming
signal beam spots C+1 and C-1, respectively.
[0088] Signal light beams D+1 and D-1 move to lower right, forming
signal beam spots D+1 and D-1, respectively.
[0089] Signal light beams E+1 and E-1 move to lower right, forming
signal beam spots E+1 and E-1, respectively.
[0090] Signal light beams F+1 and F-1 move to upper right, forming
signal beam spots F+1 and F-1, respectively.
[0091] Signal light beams G+1 and G-1 move to upper left, forming
signal beam spots G+1 and G-1, respectively.
[0092] Signal light beams H+1 and H-1 move to lower left, forming
signal beam spots H+1 and H-1, respectively.
[0093] Signal light beams I+1 and I-1 form significantly blurry
signal beam spots I+1 and I-1, respectively.
[0094] As described above, the signal beam spots under the
out-of-focus state move in the directions of the arrows, shown in
FIG. 5. In the directions of these arrows, there is no
photo-receiver involved with the generation of FES and TES. This is
because the detector is so constructed that as with the signal beam
spots formed upon entering the in-focus state, the signal beam
spots formed on thereon upon entering the out-of-focus state will
not enter the photo-receivers involved with the generation of FES
and TES.
[0095] As shown in FIGS. 4, 5, the photo-receiver involved with FES
and TES generation are arranged so that the signal beam spots
formed on the detector 007 will be absent in the direction that the
beams move in the defocused state. Next, a beam spot that an
unwanted light beam will form on the detector 007 is described
below. This beam spot will be hereinafter called the unwanted beam
spot.
[0096] During reproduction from the information layer 012, the
unwanted light beam that has been reflected the information layer
011 stems from a position nearer to the objective lens 004 than to
the focusing point of the optical beam incident upon the
double-layered disc. This unwanted light beam is equivalent to a
signal light beam that has entered the in-focus state. The unwanted
beam spot that the unwanted light beam forms on the detector 007
will behave the same as the signal beam spot that the signal light
beam forms on the detector 007 following the entry of the beam into
the in-focus state. More specifically, the unwanted beam spot will
behave as shown in FIG. 4, and this means that the unwanted optical
beam generated at the information layer 011 does not enter the
photo-receivers involved with FES and TES generation.
[0097] During reproduction from the information layer 011, the
unwanted light beam that has been reflected the information layer
012 stems from a position farther to the objective lens 004 than to
the focusing point of the optical beam incident upon the
double-layered disc. This unwanted light beam is equivalent to a
signal light beam that has entered the out-of-focus state. The
unwanted beam spot that the unwanted light beam forms on the
detector 007 will behave the same as the signal beam spot that the
signal light beam forms on the detector 007 following the entry of
the beam into the out-of-focus state. More specifically, the
unwanted beam spot will behave as shown in FIG. 5, and this means
that the unwanted optical beam generated at the information layer
012 does not enter the photo-receivers involved with FES and TES
generation.
[0098] As described above, the detector is constructed so that
irrespective of whether the information is to be reproduced from
the information layer 011 or information layer 012 of the
double-layered disc, the unwanted light beam arising from the
information layer not being used for the reproduction will not
enter the light-receiving layers involved with FES and TES
generation. There is an effect, therefore, that FES and TES free
from noise due to such unwanted light beams can be obtained.
Briefly, the optical pickup 100 of the present embodiment is
adapted to conduct stable focus control and tracking control.
[0099] Meanwhile, existent diffraction gratings divide an incident
optical beam into not only +/-1st-order light beams, but also
+/-2nd-order light beams and higher-order ones. If the +/-1st-order
signal light beams obtained from the division in a predetermined
region of the diffraction grating 006, and the +/-2nd-order or
higher-order signal light beams obtained from the division in
regions other than the predetermined region enter the
photo-receivers for FES/TES generation at the same time, FES/TES
noise will result. In order to avoid this, there is a need to
provide a preventive measure so that the higher-order signal light
beams resulting from the division by the diffraction grating will
not enter the photo-receivers used for FES/TES generation.
[0100] FIG. 6 shows the signal beam spots formed on the detector
007 by the +/-1st-order and +/-2nd-order signal light beams
resulting from the division by the diffraction grating 006 when an
optical beam is focused on an information layer. In FIG. 6, of all
the signal light beams resulting from the division by the
diffraction grating 006, only the +2nd-order light is expressed
with a suffix +2, and the -2nd-order light is expressed with a
suffix -2. For example, the +2nd-order light that has been
diffracted in the region A of the diffraction grating 006 is
expressed as signal light beam A+2, and diffracted -2nd-order light
is expressed as signal light beam A-2. In addition, an image that
the signal light beam A+2 will form on the detector 007 is
expressed as signal beam spot A+2, for example. Since the optical
beam is focused on the information layer, the signal light beams of
the +/-2nd-order light become points, as with the signal light
beams of the +/-1st-order light. The points of the signal beam
spots are shown as circles in FIG. 6.
[0101] The beam diffraction angle of the 2nd-order light divided by
the diffraction grating 006 is twice that of the 1st-order light.
Because of this, the signal beam spots of the 2nd-order light are
positioned on the detector 007 at twice a distance from the
detector central point O to the signal beam spots of the 1st-order
light. That is, the signal beam spot I+2, for example, is
positioned at twice the distance from the detector central point O
to the signal beam spot I+1, as shown in FIG. 6. Similarly, the
other signal beam spots of the +/-2nd-order light are formed at the
positions shown in FIG. 6.
[0102] In the present embodiment, the detector is engineered to
prevent the signal beam spots of the 2nd-order light from entering
the photo-receivers for FES and TES generation, as shown in FIG. 6.
As can be seen therefrom, the signal beam spot A+2 and the
photo-receiver TE 4 are in closest proximity to each other, with
all other signal beam spots of the 2nd-order light being
sufficiently spaced apart from the respective photo-receivers.
Preventing the signal beam spot A+2 from being formed on the
photo-receiver TE 4 enables all 2nd-order light to be prevented
from entering the photo-receivers.
[0103] FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic representation of the
photo-receivers TE 1 to TE 4 and signal beam spots A+1 and A+2
shown in FIG. 6. The size of the photo-receivers TE 1 to TE 4 in
the Y-direction is defined as photo-receiver length .alpha.. If the
clearance between the signal beam spot A+1 and the detector central
point O is defined as a center-to-center distance .beta.1, the
clearance between the signal beam spot A+2 and the detector central
point O is twice the center-to-center distance .beta.1, that is,
2.times..beta.1.
[0104] Likewise, since as shown in FIG. 7, the photo-receivers TE
2, TE 3, TE 4, each having the length .alpha., and a half of the
photo-receiver TE 1, which is also of the length .alpha., are
arranged between the signal beam spots A+1 and A+2, a clearance
between the central point O of the photo-receiver TE 4 and an upper
end of this photo-receiver can be expressed as
.beta.1+(3+1/2).times..alpha..
[0105] To prevent the signal beam spot A+2 from being formed on the
photo-receiver TE 4, therefore, the center-to-center distance
.beta.1 and the photo-receiver length .alpha. have only to be
determined so that expression (9) is satisfied.
2.times..beta.1.gtoreq..beta.1+(3+1/2).times..alpha. (9)
[0106] As described above, the minimum size of the photo-receiver,
that is, the length .alpha. thereof, is defined as 24 .mu.m. In
this case, expression (9) can be satisfied by assigning a value
equal to or greater than 84 .mu.m as the center-to-center distance
.beta.1. This means that if center-to-center distance
.beta.1.gtoreq.84 .mu.m, the signal beam spot A+2 can be prevented
from being formed on the photo-receiver TE 4.
[0107] Accordingly, if a distance between the center of the
detector and that of the photo-receiver TE 1, the nearest of the
photo-receivers TE 1 to TE 4 on the detector to the center of the
detector, is taken as a center-to-center distance .beta.1,
incidence of the 2nd-order light upon that photo-receiver can be
prevented by limiting the distance between the center of the
detector and the light-receiving region of the photo-receiver TE 4,
farthest from the center of the detector, to not more than twice
the center-to-center distance .beta.1. Next, the size (spot
diameter .phi.) of the signal beam spots formed on the detector is
described below.
[0108] In generally, the spot diameter .phi. of the light which has
been collected by a collimating lens is represented by the
following Airy disc formula using a wavelength .lamda. of the
optical beam and the NA (hereinafter referred to as NACP) of the
collimating lens:
.phi.=.xi..times..lamda./NACP (10)
where .xi. is a coefficient determined by an intensity distribution
of the signal light beam entering the collimating lens, and is
usually 2 for a semiconductor-laser-emitted signal light beam
having a Gaussian type of intensity distribution.
[0109] In addition, a focal length (hereinafter referred to as FCP)
of the collimating lens, an effective diameter (hereinafter
referred to as APCP) of the optical beam entering the collimating
lens, and NACP are usually expressed as follows:
NACP=APCP/(2.times.FCP) (11)
[0110] Likewise, a focal length (hereinafter referred to as FOBJ)
of the objective lens, an effective diameter (hereinafter referred
to as APOBJ) of the optical beam entering the objective lens, and
NA (hereinafter referred to as NAOBJ) of the objective lens, are
usually expressed as follows:
NAOBJ=APOBJ/(2.times.FOBJ) (12)
[0111] In an ordinary optical pickup, it can be safely considered
that APOBJ and APCP are equal. Upon considering this relationship
and putting expressions (10), (11), (12) together, one can express
the spot diameter .phi. as follows:
.phi.=2/.pi..times..lamda..times.M/NAOBJ (13)
where M denotes optical magnification (FCP/FOBJ). The optical
magnification is hereinafter referred to as M.
[0112] Optical systems of the BD type are generally set to range
between 9 and 13 in terms of the optical magnification M, so the
present embodiment assumes a optical magnification-M setting of
9-13 times. Since, as can be seen from expression (13), the spot
diameter .phi. is proportional to the optical magnification M, when
the optical magnification M is set to be 13 times, the spot
diameter .phi. becomes its maximum. Substituting optical
magnification M=13 times, wavelength .lamda.=405 nm, and
NAOBJ=0.85, to expression (13), allows one to see that a maximum
spot diameter .phi. of 4 .mu.m is obtained in the assumed optical
magnification-M range.
[0113] A minimum allowable size of the photo-receivers on the
detector 007 needs to allow for assembling tolerances for the
detector, as well as not to be too large relative to the maximum
spot diameter. Assembling tolerances of about .+-.10 .mu.m are
assumed for a standard optical pickup. Accordingly, the minimum
allowable size of the photo-receivers is desirably set to be larger
than 24 .mu.m in consideration of the spot diameter .phi. of 4
.mu.m and the tolerances of .+-.10 .mu.m. The above 24-.mu.m
minimum allowable size of the photo-receivers was calculated from
the assembling tolerances and the spot diameters on the
detector.
[0114] As describe above, the optical pickup 100 of the present
embodiment incorporates design considerations so that during
double-layered disc recording or reproduction, the unwanted light
beam reflected from the information layer not being used for the
reproduction will enter neither the photo-receivers for TES
generation, nor the photo-receivers for FES generation. The optical
pickup 100 is further designed so that the 2nd-order or
higher-order optical beams occurring in the diffraction grating
will be prevented from entering the photo-receivers for TES and FES
generation. Noiseless FES and TES can therefore be obtained.
Additionally, since the diffraction grating 006 is disposed on the
outbound path, the diffraction grating having significant cost
impacts can be manufactured inexpensively. Furthermore, since the
optical pickup 100 of the present embodiment is constructed without
a detection lens, the number of components required and the
assembly steps involved can be reduced to enable less expensive
production than with the technique described in JP-A-2004-281026.
The optical pickup 100 of the present embodiment, adapted for
conducting stabilized focus control and tracking control, can be
manufactured at low costs.
[0115] It should be noted that the optical pickup of the present
embodiment includes at least a light source, a light-branching
element, a collimating lens, an objective lens, a diffraction
grating, and a detector; the optical pickup, unlike that of FIG. 1,
may be an optical system deformed using a mirror, for example.
Second Embodiment
[0116] A modification in the optical pickup of the first embodiment
is described below as a second embodiment. The optical pickup of
the second embodiment, a modification in the optical pickup 100 of
the first embodiment, differs from the optical pickup 100 of the
first embodiment in terms of region layout in a diffraction grating
and photo-receiver layout in a detector. The present embodiment, as
with the first embodiment, envisages information reproduction from
a double-layered disc having a 25-.mu.m space between two
information layers.
[0117] FIG. 8 shows the diffraction grating 015 of the second
embodiment, as viewed from the detector side. The diffraction
grating 015 includes a region AB, which is equivalent to a region
formed by combining the regions A and B of the diffraction grating
006. The diffraction grating 015 also includes a region CD, which
is equivalent to a region likewise formed by combining the regions
C and D of the diffraction grating 006. The regions AB and CD of
the diffraction grating 015, as with those of the diffraction
grating 006, assume the blazed type of diffraction grating that
divides an incident optical beam into +1st-order light and
-1st-order light and yields a luminous intensity ratio of 4:1
between the +1st-order light and the -1st-order light. Other
regions of the diffraction grating 015, namely, E, F, G, H, are the
same ones as of the diffraction grating 006, and further detailed
description of these regions is therefore omitted.
[0118] Since the present embodiment also assumes single-beam DPP, a
signal light beam requires division into beams corresponding to
push-pull regions and other regions. As shown in FIG. 8, the
diffraction grating 015 is divided into the regions AB, CD that are
the push-pull regions, and the regions E, F, G, H, I that are the
other regions.
[0119] The following describes the detector 016 of the present
embodiment. FIG. 9 shows the detector 016 viewed from a minus
Z-direction, and assumes that the signal light beam is focused on
an information layer. In FIG. 9, the horizontal direction is
defined as an X-direction, and the vertical direction as a
Y-direction. A central point of the detector 016 is denoted as O,
which is equivalent to a position upon which a signal light beam
that has been passed through the diffraction grating 015, not
divided thereby, is converged. In FIG. 9, a dashed-and-dotted line
passing through the detector central point O, in the X-direction,
is shown as an X-axis 302, and a dashed-and-dotted line passing
through the detector central point O, in the Y-direction, is shown
as a Y-axis 301.
[0120] The detector 016 internally has 16 photo-receivers, namely,
TE 9 to TE 14, R1 and R2, and f6 to f13. Layout of these
photo-receivers is as shown in FIG. 9. The layout of the
photo-receivers is described below.
[0121] The photo-receivers R1, R2 are each disposed
point-symmetrically with respect to a central point of the
photo-receiver, on the X-axis 302. These photo-receivers are the
same as those provided in the detector 007 of the first embodiment.
The photo-receiver TE 9 is disposed with a predetermined clearance
with respect to the detector center, in a minus Y-direction on the
Y-axis 301. The photo-receiver TE 10 is disposed with a
predetermined clearance with respect to the detector center, in a
plus Y-direction on the Y-axis 301. As shown, the clearance between
the photo-receiver TE 9 and the detector central point O is greater
than the clearance between the photo-receiver TE 10 and the
detector central point O. The photo-receivers TE 11, TE 12, TE 13,
TE 14 are arranged in that order from a minus side of the X-axis to
a plus side thereof. The photo-receivers TE 11, TE 12, TE 13, TE 14
are each arranged in the minus Y-direction with a predetermined
clearance from the X-axis 302. Additionally, the photo-receiver TE
12 is disposed in the minus X-direction with a predetermined
clearance from the Y-axis 301, and the photo-receiver TE 13 is
disposed in the plus X-direction with a predetermined clearance
from the Y-axis 301.
[0122] The photo-receivers f6, f8, f10, f12 are arranged in that
order from the minus side of the X-axis to the plus side thereof.
The photo-receivers f7, f9, f11, f13 are also arranged in that
order from the minus side of the X-axis to the plus side thereof.
The photo-receivers f6, f8, f10, f12 and the photo-receivers f7,
f9, f11, f13 are each arranged in the plus Y-direction with a
predetermined clearance from the X-axis 302. The photo-receivers
f6, f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13 are where FES is generated using
the knife-edge method. Accordingly, FIG. 9 assumes that regions
generally called dark lines exist between the photo-receivers f6
and f7, between the photo-receivers f8 and f9, between the
photo-receivers f10 and f11, and between the photo-receivers f12
and f13.
[0123] Next, which of the photo-receivers in the detector 016 the
signal light beam that has been divided into each region of the
diffraction grating 015 is converged on is described below.
Similarly to the first embodiment, hereinafter, of the signal light
beam divided by the diffraction grating 015, the signal light beam
component that becomes +1st-order light is expressed with a suffix
+1, and the signal light beam component that becomes -1st-order
light is expressed with a suffix -1. For example, the +1st-order
light of the signal light beam incident upon the region AB of the
diffraction grating 015 is expressed as signal light beam AB+1, and
the -1st-order light of the particular signal light beam is
expressed as signal light beam AB-1. In addition, an image that the
signal light beam A+1 will form when converged upon the detector
016 is expressed as signal beam spot AB+1, for example.
[0124] The signal light beam incident upon the region AB of the
diffraction grating 015 is divided into the signal light beams AB+1
and AB-1. The signal light beam AB+1 is converged centrally upon
the photo-receiver TE 9 to form the signal beam spot AB+1, and the
signal light beam AB-1 is converged at a position in the plus
Y-direction from the photo-receiver TE 10 to form the signal beam
spot AB-1.
[0125] The signal light beam incident upon the region CD of the
diffraction grating 015 is divided into signal light beams CD+1 and
CD-1. The signal light beam CD+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TE 10 to form a signal beam spot CD+1, and the
signal light beam CD-1 is converged at a position in the plus
Y-direction from the photo-receiver TE 9 to form a signal beam spot
CD-1.
[0126] The signal light beam incident upon the region E of the
diffraction grating 015 is divided into signal light beams E+1 and
E-1. The signal light beam E+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TE 11 to form a signal beam spot E+1, and the signal
light beam E-1 is converged upon the dark line between the
photo-receivers f12 and f13 to form a signal beam spot E-1.
[0127] The signal light beam incident upon the region F of the
diffraction grating 015 is divided into signal light beams F+1 and
F-1. The signal light beam F+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TE 13 to form a signal beam spot F+1, and the signal
light beam F-1 is converged centrally upon the dark line between
the photo-receivers f8 and f9 to form a signal beam spot F-1.
[0128] The signal light beam incident upon the region G of the
diffraction grating 015 is divided into signal light beams G+1 and
G-1. The signal light beam G+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TE 12 to form a signal beam spot G+1, and the signal
light beam G-1 is converged centrally upon the dark line between
the photo-receivers f10 and f11 to form a signal beam spot G-1.
[0129] The signal light beam incident upon the region H of the
diffraction grating 015 is divided into signal light beams H+1 and
H-1. The signal light beam H+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver TE 14 to form a signal beam spot H+1, and the signal
light beam H-1 is converged centrally upon the dark line between
the photo-receivers f6 and f7 to form a signal beam spot H-1.
[0130] The signal light beam incident upon the region I of the
diffraction grating 015 is divided into the signal light beams I+1
and I-1. The signal light beam I+1 is converged centrally upon the
photo-receiver R1 to form the signal beam spot I+1, and the signal
light beam I-1 is converged centrally upon the photo-receiver R2 to
form a signal beam spot I-1.
[0131] The signal light beams I+1 and I-1 have only to be incident
upon either of the photo-receivers R1 and R2. In this case, the
light beam I+1 may be converged upon the center of the
photo-receiver R2, and the light beam I-1 upon the center of the
photo-receiver R1.
[0132] An appropriate electrical signal is generated according to
the intensity of the signal light beam incident upon the
photo-receiver. The RF signal, TES, and FES are obtained from
thus-generated electrical signals per the following arithmetic
expressions. In the following arithmetic expressions, the
electrical signal that was generated from the photo-receiver R1,
for example, is denoted as R1.
RF=R1+R2+TE9+TE10+TE11+TE12+TE13+TE14 (14)
PP=TE9-TE10 (15)
LE=(TE11+TE13)-(TE12+TE14) (16)
TES1=PP-K.times.LE (17)
TES2=(Phase difference between TE13 and TE12)+(Phase difference
between TE14 and TE11) (18)
FES=(f7+f8+f10+f13)-(f6+f9+f11+f2) (19)
where PP in expression (15) denotes a push-pull signal and LE in
expression (16) denotes a lens error signal. Also, TES1 in
expression (17) denotes TES generated in the single-beam DPP
scheme, and K in expression (17) denotes a luminous intensity ratio
between the push-pull signal and the lens error signal.
Additionally, TES2 in expression (18) denotes TES based on the DPD
scheme. As in the first embodiment, phase components needed in the
DPD scheme are generated from the signal light beams obtained by
the division in the regions E, F, G, H of the diffraction
grating.
[0133] In the figure, the signal beam spots AB-1 and CD-1 are
formed outside the respective photo-receivers and not used for the
generation of TES, FES, and the RF signal. However, the
photo-receivers may be arranged at the forming locations of the
signal beam spots AB-1 and CD-1 and used for RF signal generation.
In addition, since the signal beam spots AB-1 and CD-1 are not
used, the regions AB and CD of the diffraction grating 015 may be
those of the blazed-type diffraction grating formed so that the
luminous intensity ratio between +1st-order light and -1st-order
light is 1:0.
[0134] In order to detect a total amount of light of the signal
light beam, outlines of the photo-receivers in the present
embodiment also need to be larger than the spot size of the signal
light on the detector 016 that has a wave-optical expanse. A
desirable minimal outline dimension of the photo-receivers in the
present embodiment is 24 .mu.m, as in the first embodiment.
[0135] In order to detect the total amount of light of the signal
light beam even when the wavelength changes, the present embodiment
is so constructed that the photo-receivers TE 11 to TE 14 and
photo-receivers R1, R2 arranged outside the detector 016 have an
outline extended in a direction parallel to a direction vector
connecting the central point O of the detector and the
predetermined photo-receiver. On the photo-receiver TE 11, for
example, the change in wavelength causes a greater shift in a
position of the spot in the Y-direction than in the X-direction.
Thus, as shown in FIG. 9, the outline of the photo-receiver TE 11
is larger in the Y-direction than in the X-direction.
[0136] Arrows in FIG. 9 indicate directions in which the signal
light beams move in focus. It can be seen that similarly to the
first embodiment, the photo-receivers involved with the generation
of FES and TES are not arranged in directions that the signal beam
spots move in focus.
[0137] Upon entering the out-of-focus state, the signal beam spots
move in directions opposite to those in which the signal light
beams move in focus. The photo-receivers involved with the
generation of FES and TES are not arranged in directions that the
signal beam spots move under the out-of-focus state, either. That
is, as in the first embodiment, the photo-receivers involved with
the generation of FES and TES are arranged to steer clear of a
direction in which a defocused signal beam spot formed on the
detector 016 will move.
[0138] As with that of the first embodiment, an unwanted light beam
in the double-layered disc is equivalent to a defocused signal
light beam. The photo-receivers involved with the generation of FES
and TES, in the present embodiment, are likewise arranged to steer
clear of the direction in which a defocused signal beam spot may
move along the surface of the detector 016. The unwanted light
beam, therefore, is substantially unlikely to enter the
photo-receivers involved with the generation of FES and TES.
[0139] The detector in the present embodiment is so constructed
that the unwanted light beam stemming from the information layer
not being used for reproduction from the double-layered disc will
be prevented from entering the photo-receivers involved with the
generation of FES and TES. Therefore, FES and TES that are free of
noise due to the unwanted light beam can be obtained. The optical
pickup of the present embodiment is also adapted to conduct
stabilized focus control and tracking control.
[0140] FIG. 10 shows the signal beam spots that the +/-1st-order
and +/-2nd-order signal light beams obtained by beam division in
the diffraction grating 015 will form on the detector 016 when the
original optical beam is focused on the information layer. FIG. 10
indicates that the present embodiment, as with the first
embodiment, is designed to prevent the signal beam spots of the 2nd
order from being formed on the photo-receivers for FES/TES
generation. Taking care not to allow the signal light beam CD-2 to
enter the photo-receiver TE 9 is desirable since the beam CD-2 is
in closest proximity to the photo-receiver.
[0141] As described above, even when the diffraction grating 015
and detector 016 of the present embodiment are used, the unwanted
light beams or high-order signal light beams reflected on the
double-layered disc do not enter the photo-receivers for FES/TES
generation. During double-layered disc recording or reproduction,
therefore, noiseless FES and TES can be obtained and focus control
and tracking control are stabilized as a result.
Third Embodiment
[0142] Using the optical pickup of the first embodiment to
reproduce information from a triple-layered optical disc having
three information layers is described as a third embodiment.
Standards specify that double-layered discs should have a 25-.mu.m
space between the two information layers. The present embodiment
envisages a triple-layered disc formed by adding a third
information layer to a surface side of a double-layered disc, with
the same space of 25 .mu.m as that of double-layered discs,
[0143] In the present embodiment, the triple-layered disc is
denoted as 017, an information layer located nearest to the surface
of the triple-layered disc, as 019, an intermediate information
layer as 020, and an information layer located farthest from the
surface, as 021. Interlayer tolerances for the three information
layers are .+-.5 .mu.m, the same tolerances as defined in
double-layered disc standards. The space between the information
layer 019 nearest the surface, and the information layer 021
farthest therefrom, is hereinafter referred to as maximum space.
The maximum space in the triple-layered disc 017 assumed here is
commonly 50 .mu.m, or with the above tolerances taken into account,
60 .mu.m.
[0144] FIG. 11 is a diagram that shows the unwanted beam spots and
signal beam spots that the unwanted light beams and signal light
beams reflected from the information layer 021 will form on the
detector 007 when information is reproduced from the information
layer 019. In FIG. 11, in order to handle signal light beams and
unwanted light beams separately, the unwanted +1st-order light
beams obtained by the division in each region of the diffraction
grating 006, and the unwanted beam spots formed are expressed with
a suffix +1', and the -1st-order signal light beams obtained by the
division, and the signal beam spots formed are expressed with a
suffix -1'. Clearances from a central point O of the detector to
central parts of the photo-receivers R1 and R2 are each defined as
a photo-receiver distance .beta.2. During reproduction from the
information layer 019, the center of the photo-receiver or a region
of dark lines is illuminated with a signal light beam, as shown in
FIG. 11. This state is substantially the same as in FIG. 3. In
contrast to this, unwanted beam spots I+1' and I-1' form large
circular spots centrally on the photo-receivers R1 and R2,
respectively, as shown in FIG. 11.
[0145] On the diffraction grating 006, the signal light beam has
its outermost edge size reduced with an increase in an amount of
out-of-focus light (the outermost edge here is equivalent to the
broken-line circle 201 in FIG. 2). If a predetermined amount of
out-of-focus light is exceeded, therefore, conditions under which
all signal light beams are admitted into the region I of the
diffraction grating 006 will occur. As described above, unwanted
light beams are equivalent to the signal light beams that have
increased in the amount of defocusing. The amount of defocusing
increases with an increase in the space between the information
layer being used for reproduction, and the information layer
causing an unwanted light beam, so that if a predetermined space is
exceeded, conditions under which all unwanted light beams also
enter the region I of the diffraction grating 006 will occur. In
the triple-layered disc 017, because of its maximum space being
greater than that of the double-layered disc, the conditions under
which all unwanted light beams enter the region I of the
diffraction grating 006 will occur and as shown, large circular
spots will be formed on the detector 007.
[0146] As described above, unwanted light beams will become
disturbances if they enter the photo-receivers used for the
generation of FES and TES. The photo-receiver distance .beta.2,
therefore, needs to be determined so that the unwanted beam spots
I+1' and I-1' do not enter the photo-receivers used for the
generation of FES and TES.
[0147] FIG. 12 is a schematic that shows an outbound path of the
optical pickup 100 existing when it is reproducing information from
the information layer 019 of the triple-layered disc 017. The
triple-layered disc 017 includes the surface 018 and the
information layers 019, 020, 021. The space between the information
layers 019 and 021 in FIG. 12 is the maximum space 5. Line 023
denotes an unwanted light beam reflected from the information layer
021 (no signal light beam is shown). The unwanted light beam is
shown as a beam passed through, not divided by, the diffraction
grating 006.
[0148] The unwanted light beam reflected from the information layer
present at a position deeper from the surface than from the
information layer being used for the reproduction can commonly be
regarded as an optical beam occurring at a distance (virtual
light-emitting point) twice as far as the space between the two
information layers. This position is shown as the virtual
light-emitting point P in FIG. 12. In other words, the virtual
light-emitting point P is equivalent to a point twice as far as the
maximum space .delta., from the information layer 019.
[0149] The virtual light-emitting point P is offset from the
information layer 019, in a plus Z-direction. This offset causes
the unwanted light beam to be focused in the plus Z-direction with
respect to the detector 007, resulting in the detector 007 being
irradiated in a blurry condition as described above. The focusing
point of this unwanted light beam is defined as the focusing point
P' of the unwanted light beam on the outbound path, and a diameter
of the unwanted beam spot which the unwanted light beam forms on
the detector 007 is taken as the unwanted beam spot diameter .psi..
Also, a clearance between the detector 007 and the focusing point
P' of the unwanted light beam on the outbound path is expressed as
the clearance .eta.. Additionally, positions at which the signal
light beam gets focused on the information layer 019 and on the
detector 007 are taken as the signal light focusing point Q and the
focusing point Q' of the signal light on the outbound path,
respectively.
[0150] When the maximum space .delta. is zero, the signal light
focusing point Q and the virtual light-emitting point P exist at
the same position. Similarly, the focusing point P' of the unwanted
light beam on the outbound path and the focusing point Q' of the
signal light thereon exist at the same position. An increase in the
maximum space .delta. increases the distances between the signal
light focusing point Q and the virtual light-emitting point P, and
between the focusing point P' of the unwanted light beam on the
outbound path and the focusing point Q' of the signal light
thereon. Likewise, the distance .eta. also extends. For example, if
the maximum space .delta. increases to roughly 50 .mu.m, since the
distance .eta. becomes very long as shown, the conditions occur
that cause the focusing point P' of the unwanted light beam on the
outbound path to be positioned on the diffraction grating 006.
Consequently, all unwanted light beams enter the region I thereof,
and such a special, unwanted light beam as shown in FIG. 11 occurs.
To use a triple-layered disc having a large maximum space .delta.,
therefore, a need arises to avoid the occurrence of the special,
unwanted light beam. It can be seen from FIG. 12 that similarity
exists between a triangle formed by the focusing point P' of the
unwanted light beam on the outbound path and the unwanted beam spot
diameter .psi., and a triangle formed by the focusing point P' of
the unwanted light beam and an effective diameter (APCP) of the
unwanted light beam entering the collimating lens. Hence, the
following relationship exists between the unwanted beam spot
diameter .psi., a focal length (FCP) of the collimating lens 003,
APCP, and the clearance .eta.:
.psi.:APCP=.eta.:(FCP-.eta.) (20)
[0151] In addition, the clearance .eta. and the distance twice the
maximum space .delta. are in a relationship of an optical,
longitudinal magnification, and this relationship is therefore
expressed as follows using the optical magnification M:
.eta.=M.sup.2.times.2.times.(.delta./n) (21)
where "n" denotes a refractive index of the triple-layered disc.
The clearance (.delta./n) expressed in terms of the refractive
index "n" is used since the maximum space .delta. exists in the
triple-layered disc. Since BDs commonly have a refractive index "n"
of 1.62, the present embodiment also assumes that the refractive
index "n" of the triple-layered disc 017 is 1.62.
[0152] Nearly parallel optical beams travel between the collimating
lens 003 and the objective lens 004, so an effective diameter
(APOBJ) of the optical beams entering the objective lens 004 can be
regarded as equal to APCP, such that substituting expressions (11),
(12), (21) to expression (20) yields expression (22).
.psi.=2.times.NAOBJ.times.M.times.(2.delta./n) (22)
[0153] It can be seen from expression (22) that since the unwanted
beam spot diameter .psi. is proportional to the optical
magnification M and the maximum space .delta., when the optical
magnification reaches a maximum of 13 times and the maximum space
.delta. becomes 60 .mu.m, the unwanted beam spot diameter .psi. is
maximized in the assumed optical magnification-M range.
[0154] Accordingly, substituting optical magnification M=13 times,
space .delta.=60 .mu.m, and NAOBJ=0.85, and refractive index
"n"=1.62 to expression (22) provides a maximum unwanted beam spot
diameter .psi. of 1,637 .mu.m.
[0155] As described above, the unwanted beam spot diameter .psi. is
equivalent to a diameter of the unwanted beam spots I+1' and I-1'.
If the diameter of the unwanted beam spots is 1,637 .mu.m, when the
photo-receiver distance .beta.2 is set to be at least 818 .mu.m,
half of the unwanted beam spot diameter, the unwanted beam spots
I+1' and I-1' do not overlap each other on the detector. Instead,
the unwanted beam spots I+1' and I-1' move away from each other,
which then prevents the formation of the unwanted beam spots I+1'
and I-1' on the photo-receivers for FES/TES generation.
[0156] That is, assigning a value of at least 818 .mu.m as the
photo-receiver distance .beta.2 of the detector 007 prevents the
formation of the unwanted beam spots I+1' and I-1' on the
photo-receivers for FES/TES generation.
[0157] When information is reproduced from the information layers
020 and 021, the space of these information layers that is
equivalent to the maximum space .delta. is some 25 .mu.m, so the
unwanted light beam reflected from the information layer not being
used for the reproduction will look as shown in FIG. 4 or 5, and
will not enter the photo-receivers for FES/TES generation.
[0158] As described above, during reproduction from the
triple-layered disc having a space of 25 .mu.m, the optical pickup
of the third embodiment prevents unwanted light beams from entering
the photo-receivers for FES/TES generation. Therefore, noiseless
FES and TES can be obtained, which enables stable focus control and
tracking control.
[0159] The above optical pickup is also constructed to implement
reproduction from, for example, a triple-layered disc with a 12.5
.mu.m information layer-to-layer space, formed by inserting a third
information layer between the information layers of a
double-layered disc. During reproduction from a triple-layered disc
having a 12.5 .mu.m information layer-to-layer space, since the
maximum space .delta. becomes 25 .mu.m, unwanted beam spots will
look as in FIG. 4 or 5, irrespective of which of the information
layers is being accessed for the reproduction. The optical pickup
is constructed to prevent these unwanted beam spots from being
formed on the FES/TES-related photo-receivers, as described in the
first embodiment, so the optical pickup can also reproduce
information from triple-layered discs having a 12.5 .mu.m
information layer-to-layer space.
[0160] In addition, the optical pickup can reproduce information
from quadruple-layered discs having, for example, 25 .mu.m, 12.5
.mu.m, 12.5 .mu.m pitched information layer-to-layer spaces.
Quadruple-layered discs have a maximum space of 50 .mu.m, and
reproduction from these quadruple-layered discs can be achieved
because the optical pickup is constructed to prevent unwanted beams
from entering the photo-receivers for FES/TES generation.
[0161] Briefly, if the maximum space is 60 .mu.m or less with
tolerances taken into account, the optical pickup of the first
embodiment generates noiseless FES and TES, even when the pickup
reproduces information from three-layered, four-layered, or
more-layered discs, and provide focus control and tracking control
stably. Additionally, even if the maximum space exceeds 60 .mu.m,
the above relationships make avoidable the unwanted light beams
stemming from an information layer other than that to be used for
information reproduction.
[0162] A triple-layered disc with information layers pitched at an
equal space has been described for simplicity's sake, but actual
information layers are normally arranged with different spaces. It
is desirable, therefore, that differences be made in space between
the information layers in the maximum space-.delta. range of 60
.mu.m, and the present optical pickup can, of course, reproduce
information similarly to the above, even if the triple-layered disc
has those different spaces.
[0163] In addition, although the optical pickup of the first
embodiment has been used to describe a triple-layered disc,
determining the photo-receiver distance .beta.2 similarly to the
above makes the optical pickup of the second embodiment obviously
applicable to triple-layered discs as well.
[0164] While we have shown and described several embodiments in
accordance with our invention, it should be understood that
disclosed embodiments are susceptible of changes and modifications
without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, we do
not intend to be bound by the details shown and described herein
but intend to cover all such changes and modifications that fall
within the ambit of the appended claims.
* * * * *