U.S. patent application number 13/782230 was filed with the patent office on 2013-07-11 for muzzle loading rifle with breech plug having gas seal facility.
This patent application is currently assigned to SMITH & WESSON CORP.. The applicant listed for this patent is SMITH & WESSON CORP.. Invention is credited to Gene L. Garland, Mark C. Laney.
Application Number | 20130174458 13/782230 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38261790 |
Filed Date | 2013-07-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130174458 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Laney; Mark C. ; et
al. |
July 11, 2013 |
Muzzle Loading Rifle with Breech Plug Having Gas Seal Facility
Abstract
A barrel for use with a muzzle loading firearm has an elongated
sleeve with rifling along at least a portion of its inner surface.
The sleeve has a muzzle end and a breach end. The breech end has
internal threading and a smooth cylindrical section. A portion of
the smooth cylindrical section is configured to deform a sealing
element on a breech plug from an initial diameter to a smaller
final diameter during insertion of the breech plug into the breech
end of the sleeve.
Inventors: |
Laney; Mark C.; (Lee,
NH) ; Garland; Gene L.; (New Durham, NH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SMITH & WESSON CORP.; |
Springfield |
MA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
SMITH & WESSON CORP.
Springfield
MA
|
Family ID: |
38261790 |
Appl. No.: |
13/782230 |
Filed: |
March 1, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
13350957 |
Jan 16, 2012 |
8397413 |
|
|
13782230 |
|
|
|
|
13015748 |
Jan 28, 2011 |
8096075 |
|
|
13350957 |
|
|
|
|
12883510 |
Sep 16, 2010 |
7954269 |
|
|
13015748 |
|
|
|
|
11334002 |
Jan 17, 2006 |
7814694 |
|
|
12883510 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
42/51 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41C 9/08 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
42/51 |
International
Class: |
F41C 9/08 20060101
F41C009/08 |
Claims
1. A barrel for use in a muzzle loading firearm, the barrel
comprising: an elongated sleeve having rifling along at least a
portion of an inner surface of the sleeve, the portion having
rifling including grooves and lands and defining a rifling diameter
across the grooves of the rifling, the sleeve defining a muzzle end
and a breech end and a longitudinal axis therethrough, the breech
end having an internal threading and a smooth cylindrical section
having a first diameter that is greater than the rifling diameter,
the smooth cylindrical section being separated from the portion
having rifling by an initial portion, the initial portion having a
transition diameter being sized between the first diameter and the
rifling diameter.
2. The barrel of claim 1, wherein the initial portion comprises at
least one section having a radially constant diameter that is sized
between the first diameter and the rifling diameter.
3. The barrel of claim 1, wherein the initial portion comprises at
least one surface that forms an acute angle with the longitudinal
axis.
4. The barrel of claim 1, wherein the initial portion is configured
to deform a sealing element on a breech plug from an initial
diameter to a final diameter smaller than the initial diameter
during insertion of the breech plug into the breech end.
5. The barrel of claim 1, wherein the initial portion comprises at
least one tapered surface.
6. The barrel of claim 5, wherein the initial portion comprises a
forward surface that extends forward from the at least one tapered
surface at an angle.
7. The barrel of claim 5, wherein the forward surface has a forward
diameter that is greater that the rifling diameter.
8. A barrel for use in a muzzle loading firearm, the barrel
comprising: an elongated sleeve having rifling along at least a
portion of an inner surface of the sleeve, the portion having
rifling including grooves and lands and defining a rifling diameter
across the grooves of the rifling, the sleeve defining a muzzle end
and a breech end and a longitudinal axis therethrough, the breech
end having a breech chamber having an internal threading with a
minor diameter that is greater than the rifling diameter, the
internal threading being separated from the portion having rifling
by an initial portion, the initial portion being configured to
deform a sealing element on a breech plug from an initial diameter
to a final diameter smaller than the initial diameter during
insertion of a breech plug into the breech chamber.
9. The barrel of claim 8, wherein the initial portion comprises at
least one tapered surface.
10. The barrel of claim 9, wherein the initial portion comprises a
forward surface that extends forward from the at least one tapered
surface at an angle.
11. The barrel of claim 9, wherein the forward surface has a
forward diameter that is greater that the rifling diameter.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S.
application Ser. No. 13/350,957 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,397,413) filed
Jan. 16, 2012 and issued Mar. 19, 2013, which is a divisional
application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/015,748 (now U.S. Pat.
No. 8,096,075) filed Jan. 28, 2011 and issued Jan. 17, 2012, which
is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/883,510
(now U.S. Pat. No. 7,954,269) filed Sep. 16, 2010 and issued Jun.
7, 2011, which is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser.
No. 11/334,002 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,814,694), filed Jan. 17, 2006
and issued Oct. 19, 2010, all entitled "MUZZLELOADING RIFLE WITH
BREECH PLUG HAVING GAS SEAL FACILITY", and all hereby incorporated
by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to firearms, and more particularly,
to muzzle loading firearms.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY
[0003] Muzzle loading rifles have an essentially closed breech at
the rear of the barrel, so that powder and bullets must be loaded
at the muzzle or forward end of the barrel. A typical muzzle
loading rifle has a barrel with a breech plug attached to occupy an
enlarged rear bore portion of the barrel at the breech end. In some
rifles, the breech plug is permanently attached. In others, the
breech plug is removable to facilitate pass-through cleaning of the
bore.
[0004] An existing removable breech plug employs a finely threaded
body that screws into the rear of the barrel, with 10-15 turns to
secure it in place. This provides safety against hang fires and
facilitates removal for cleaning. However, the fouling associated
with muzzle loading rifles can clog the threads as gases and
particles are forced into the threads during firing, this can
freeze up the plug, and require undesirability great torque to
remove the plug, through the many rotations required.
[0005] The invention concerns a barrel for use in a muzzle loading
firearm. In one example embodiment, the barrel comprises an
elongated sleeve having rifling along at least a portion of an
inner surface of the sleeve. The portion has rifling including
grooves and lands and defines a rifling diameter across the grooves
of the rifling. The sleeve defines a muzzle end and a breech end
and a longitudinal axis therethrough. The breech end has an
internal threading and a smooth cylindrical section having a first
diameter that is greater than the rifling diameter. The smooth
cylindrical section is separated from the portion having rifling by
an initial portion. The initial portion has a transition diameter
sized between the first diameter and the rifling diameter. In a
particular example embodiment, the initial portion comprises at
least one section having a radially constant diameter that is sized
between the first diameter and the rifling diameter. By way of
example, the initial portion may comprise at least one surface that
forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis. Further by way of
example, the initial portion may be configured to deform a sealing
element on a breech plug from an initial diameter to a final
diameter smaller than the initial diameter during insertion of the
breech plug into the breech end. Additionally by way of example,
the initial portion may comprise at least one tapered surface. In
an example embodiment, the initial portion comprises a forward
surface that extends forward from the at least one tapered surface
at an angle. In this example embodiment, the forward surface may
have a forward diameter that is greater that the rifling
diameter.
[0006] The invention also encompasses another example embodiment of
a barrel for use in a muzzle loading firearm. In this example
embodiment the barrel comprises an elongated sleeve having rifling
along at least a portion of an inner surface of the sleeve. The
portion has rifling including grooves and lands and defines a
rifling diameter across the grooves of the rifling. The sleeve
defines a muzzle end and a breech end and a longitudinal axis
therethrough. The breech end has a breech chamber having an
internal threading with a minor diameter that is greater than the
rifling diameter. The internal threading is separated from the
portion having rifling by an initial portion. The initial portion
is configured to deform a sealing element on a breech plug from an
initial diameter to a final diameter smaller than the initial
diameter during insertion of a breech plug into the breech chamber.
By way of example, the initial portion may comprise at least one
tapered surface. In a particular example embodiment, the initial
portion comprises a forward surface that extends forward from the
at least one tapered surface at an angle. In an example embodiment,
the forward surface may have a forward diameter that is greater
that the rifling diameter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1 is a side view of an example embodiment of a firearm
according to the invention.
[0008] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of the
firearm of FIG. 1.
[0009] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a breech plug of the firearm
of FIG. 1.
[0010] FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional side view of a breech plug
of the firearm of FIG. 1.
[0011] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a breech plug according to
an example embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0012] FIG. 1 shows a muzzle loading firearm 10, with stock 12 and
a barrel 14 having a breech end 16 and a muzzle end 20, and having
a bore defining a bore axis 22. A moveable breech element 24 pivots
between an open position and a closed (shown) position. A hammer 26
is pivotally connected adjacent the breech block to operate in
response to operation of a trigger 30 as will be discussed below. A
muzzle loading firearm having some similar features is disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,604,311 to Laney et al., the disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference.
[0013] FIG. 2 shows the breech end 16 of the barrel 14. The barrel
defines a rifled bore 32 (rifling not shown) that extends from the
muzzle nearly the lengthy of the barrel, except for a rear portion
34. The rear portion of the barrel defines an enlarged breech plug
chamber 36 having a stepped initial portion 40, an internally
threaded intermediate portion 42, and an enlarged clearance portion
44. A shoulder 46 is formed at the rear end of the threaded portion
where it meets the larger-diameter clearance portion 44. A lower
lug 50 is integrally connected to a rear portion of the barrel.
[0014] The rear portion of the barrel is occupied by a breech plug
52. The breech plug is a generally cylindrical body with a nose
portion 54 that is stepped to closely fit in the initial portion 40
of the breech plug chamber 36. Most of the length of the plug is
provided with helical threads 56, or an alternative fastening
element that provides extreme resistance to axial extraction
forces, such as generated by firing a shot. The plug has a flange
60 that is larger in diameter than the threaded portion, and which
rests against the shoulder 46 when installed, as shown. The rear or
breech end portion of the breech plug has a hexagonal profile
portion 62, in the shape of a bolt head that may be engaged by a
socket wrench for removing and replacing the plug. A flat rear face
64 of the plug's hex portion is flush with the plane defined by the
breech end of the barrel.
[0015] The nose portion 54 defines a circumferential groove that
receives a set of three metal piston rings 55. The rings provide a
tight seal against the sidewall of the breech plug chamber 36, so
that threads will be protected against incursion of gas and debris.
In an alternative embodiment, also discussed in detail below, a cup
seal may be provided, the cup having an cylindrical sidewall
extending to an open end in the forward direction and closely
received in the chamber, so that the pressure generated by
discharge tends to flare the cup, sealing against gases escaping
rearwardly.
[0016] The breech plug defines a central bore having a primer
pocket 66 at the breech end, a flash passage 70 from the primer
pocket through most of the length of the plug, and a narrow passage
72 from the flash passage to the nose 74 or forward face of the
plug. The primer pocket is generally cylindrical, to fit a standard
primer for a muzzle loading rifle, with an enlarged diameter at the
rearmost portion to closely accommodate the typical flanged primer.
The breech plug includes a pin 75 that protrudes a short distance,
radially from the periphery of the flange.
[0017] As shown in FIG. 3, the breech plug further defines a
rectangular slot 76 that extends downwardly, perpendicularly to the
bore axis 22, from the center of the primer pocket. The pin
protrudes in the opposite upward direction. The width of the slot
is less than the diameter of the flange portion of the primer
pocket, and about the same as the diameter of the main portion of
the primer pocket. The depth of the slot (along a direction
parallel to the barrel axis) is greater than the depth of the
flange portion, but less than the depth of the primer pocket
overall.
[0018] An extractor 80 is a solid body with an L-shaped form. It
has a short leg 82 with a rectangular cross section that closely
fits the slot 76, and a long leg 84 that has a cylindrical form,
and which is closely received in a bore 86 in the lower lug that
extends axially, parallel to the bore axis 22. The free end of the
short leg of the extractor is formed with a curved lip that partly
defines the primer pocket, with the same shape as the surface of
revolution that defines the pocket. Thus, when the extractor is in
the rest position shown, a primer in the pocket is closely received
on all sides without substantial gaps, so that it is physically
supported against rupture. Together, the rear face of the extractor
leg 82 and the hex face 64 entirely encircle the primer pocket.
[0019] The extractor 80 is movable rearward to an extracted
position, so that its lip draws a primer in the pocket partially
from the pocket, in response to opening of the rifle action, by a
linkage (not shown.) The extractor leg 82 inserts in the plug slot
only when the plug is in one selected orientation, and prevents
plug rotation while in that position. This aids against
mis-installation of the plug, and the risk that a plug may work its
way out of position during shooting. (or is not installed
properly)
[0020] The breech element 24 is shown in the closed position in
solid lines, and has a breech face 90 that abuts the barrel breech
16 and plug face 64 when closed. This provides a rear surface to
fully enclose the primer pocket. A bore in the breech element along
the bore axis 22 receives a firing pin 92 that is struck by the
hammer 26 to fire the rifle, forcing a tip of the pin into a
primer, which sends ignition gases through the plug bore, to ignite
gun powder in the barrel. The breech element is shown in the open
position (in which the extractor extends to eject the primer) in
dashed lines 24'. The extractor is removable to allow removal of
the breech plug.
[0021] As shown in FIG. 3, the breech plug has a circumferential
groove 100 at an intermediate axial position on the nose portion
54. The piston rings 55 are arranged with their gaps 102 offset
from each other. FIG. 4 shows the rings 55 installed in the groove
100, which has flat front and rear faces 104, 106 that are parallel
to each other and perpendicular to the plug axis 22. The groove has
a width between the faces of 0.052 inch. The nose portion has a
radius of 0.2625 inch, and the groove interior having a radius from
the axis of 0.2125 inch. This provides that the groove has a depth
of 0.050 inch. The barrel bore has a diameter of 0.531 inch. The
rings 55 each have a thickness of 0.015 inch, an outside diameter
of 0.531 inch, and an inside diameter of 0.450 inch. These ring
dimension are applicable with the rings in a relaxed or untensioned
state, in which their gaps 102 are essentially closed. However, to
provide for accommodation of slight barrel bore variances, the
rings may be provided with a slight gap for bore diameters on the
large side, and this gap being closed for bores of minimum
diameter.
[0022] Accordingly, the dimensions of the groove and rings provide
that the stack of three rings is less than the groove width, and
the interior of the rings fit loosely on the inner diameter of the
groove. This avoids the rings being tensioned open, which would
spread their gaps, and allow gases to pass. Also, the looseness
allows any eccentricity of the plug thread axis with respect to the
bore axis to be tolerated. Further, by the rings being able to
shift axially between the rear face and forward face of the groove,
the pressure of firing will cause them to abut the rear face,
immediately providing a seal that has a strength proportionate to
the gas pressure.
[0023] The loose rotatabilty of the ring stack with respect to the
plug also provides that the rings are not providing excessive
friction or suffering excess wear when the plug is screwed in or
removed. If the rings were fixed to the plug, a point on the ring
would follow a long helical path that corresponded to the total
length of the thread. That length would be the circumference of the
threaded portion times the number of turns. With the loose rings,
the path traveled is less by one or two orders of magnitude, and is
only the axial length of the threaded portion. Moreover, the effort
of installation is reduced by this feature, because the advantage
provided by the screw works to easily overcome the friction
provided by the rings' snug fit in the bore.
[0024] In an alternative embodiment, the three separate split rings
may be replaced by a single mufti-turn closely wound helical coil.
This is a McFarland-style seal employed in the gas pistons of
military rifle actions. This avoids the possible blow-through of
gasses via the ring gaps. Such a coil would require that at least
the rear face be ground flat and square, so that it provides a seal
under pressure against the rear shoulder of the plug groove in
which it is received.
[0025] FIG. 5 shows an alternative breech plug 52', which is
identical to the above breech plug 52, except that is has a
different gas seal means at its forward end. Plug 52' has a shorter
nose portion 54' as formed in the integral steel plug. However, the
plug has an attached cup element 120 attached to the forward face
74' of the plug 52'. The cup has a base 122 that is connected to
the nose of the plug, and has a cylindrical side wall 124 that
extends forward to a circular free edge 126. The exterior surface
130 is cylindrical and closely fits within the bore of the barrel.
The base has an aperture (not shown) to allow communication with
the plug's flash hole, and the forward edge 126 is chamfered with a
sharp edge, so that pressure from expanding gases tends to expand
the cup, flaring it outward to provide a robust seal against gases
that might otherwise escape reward toward the plug threads.
Essentially, gas pressure within the cup serves to flare the cup
outward, as does the pressure-reducing Bernoulli effect of any
high-velocity gases in any initial small gap between the cup
exterior 130 and the bore.
[0026] The cup is attached to the plug by a press friction fit. The
breech plug has a boss turned on the forward end with an annular
groove to accept a mating receptacle in the sealing cup.
[0027] In the preferred embodiment the cup is formed of a soft
material such as brass, but it may be formed of any of a wide
variety of materials that can withstand the heat and pressure of
firing, and provide the flexibility for an effective seal. High
temperature polymer composites such as those in the polyethylene
family of plastics and PTFE and its variants are believed to be
suitably robust and flexible. The use of either a cup or piston
rings is intended for firearm barrels that lack rifling, or those
with rifling that does not extend fully to the breech of the
barrel.
[0028] While the above is discussed in terms of preferred and
alternative embodiments, the invention is not intended to be so
limited. For instance either seal type may be used in conjunction
with alternative breech plug attachment methods, including
multistart threads, interrupted threads, and rifle bolt
concepts.
* * * * *