U.S. patent application number 13/824142 was filed with the patent office on 2013-07-04 for fire extinguishing composition generating fire extinguishing substance by high temperature sublimation.
This patent application is currently assigned to SHAANXI J&R FIRE FIGHTING CO., LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is Hongbao Guo, Honghong Liu, Xiaoqing Zhao. Invention is credited to Hongbao Guo, Honghong Liu, Xiaoqing Zhao.
Application Number | 20130168593 13/824142 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44565427 |
Filed Date | 2013-07-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130168593 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Guo; Hongbao ; et
al. |
July 4, 2013 |
FIRE EXTINGUISHING COMPOSITION GENERATING FIRE EXTINGUISHING
SUBSTANCE BY HIGH TEMPERATURE SUBLIMATION
Abstract
The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing
composition which generate fire extinguishing substance by high
temperature sublimation; the fire extinguishing composition
comprising a fire extinguishing material which, in a heating
process, can sublimate and release a fire extinguishing substance
with fire extinguishing properties; the content of the fire
extinguishing material is at least 80 wt %. When the fire
extinguishing composition is in use, a pyrotechnic agent as a heat
source and a power source; and the purpose of fire extinguishing is
achieved by: igniting the pyrotechnic agent, generating a large
quantity of fire substance from the fire extinguishing composition
in the use of high temperature produced by burning pyrotechnic
agent, and the fire substance sprays out together with the
pyrotechnic agent. When compared with traditional aerosol fire
extinguishing systems, gas fire extinguishing systems and water
type extinguishing systems, the present invention can provide a
more efficient and safer fire extinguishing composition.
Inventors: |
Guo; Hongbao; (Xi'an,
CN) ; Liu; Honghong; (Xi'an, CN) ; Zhao;
Xiaoqing; (Xi'an, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Guo; Hongbao
Liu; Honghong
Zhao; Xiaoqing |
Xi'an
Xi'an
Xi'an |
|
CN
CN
CN |
|
|
Assignee: |
SHAANXI J&R FIRE FIGHTING CO.,
LTD.
Xi'an
SN
|
Family ID: |
44565427 |
Appl. No.: |
13/824142 |
Filed: |
September 7, 2011 |
PCT Filed: |
September 7, 2011 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CN2011/079424 |
371 Date: |
March 15, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
252/2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A62D 1/0092 20130101;
A62D 1/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
252/2 |
International
Class: |
A62D 1/00 20060101
A62D001/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 16, 2010 |
CN |
201010285513.3 |
Claims
1. A fire extinguishing composition which generates fire
extinguishing substance by high temperature sublimation, wherein
the fire extinguishing composition comprises a fire extinguishing
material which can release a substance with fire extinguishing
properties by sublimation in a heating process; the content of the
fire extinguishing material is at least 80 wt %; a pyrotechnic
agent is adopted as a heat source and a power source in a process
of fire extinguishing; and the purpose of fire extinguishing is
achieved by: igniting the pyrotechnic agent, generating a large
quantity of fire substance from the fire extinguishing composition
in the use of high temperature produced by burning pyrotechnic
agent, and the fire substance sprays out together with the
pyrotechnic agent.
2. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein
the fire extinguishing material is a composition which has a
melting point of more than 100.degree. C., and can generate the
fire extinguishing substances by sublimation.
3. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein
the pyrotechnic agent is a pyrotechnic aerosol fire extinguishing
agent.
4. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein
the fire extinguishing material is a bromine-based fire
extinguishing material, a chlorine-based fire extinguishing
material, a nitrogen-based and phosphorus-nitrogen based fire
extinguishing material or an inorganic fire extinguishing
material.
5. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 4,
wherein: the bromine-based fire extinguishing material is
2,4,6-tribromophenyl glycidyl ether, dimethyl 4-bromophthalate,
pentabromodiphenyl benzyl bromide, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl maleimide
or tri(2,3-dibromopropyl)iso-cyanuric acid ester.
6. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 4, wherein
the chlorine-based fire extinguishing material is
tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, hexachlorobenzene or
hexachloroethane.
7. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 4, wherein
the nitrogen-based and phosphorus-nitrogen based fire extinguishing
material is melamine or cyanuric acid.
8. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 4, wherein
the inorganic fire extinguishing material is red phosphorus, tin
oxide or ammonium bromide.
9. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein
the chemical substance is cobaltocene.
10. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1,
wherein the fire extinguishing composition also includes an
additive, of which the content is less than or equal to about 20 wt
%.
11. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 4,
wherein the fire extinguishing composition also includes an
additive, of which the content is less than or equal to about 20 wt
%.
12. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 10,
wherein the additive is stearate, graphite, a combination solution
of water soluble polymer or the mixture thereof.
13. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 11,
wherein ingredients of the fire extinguishing composition and the
content thereof are: the fire extinguishing material: 80 wt % to 90
wt %, the additive: 10 wt % to 20 wt %.
14. The fire extinguishing composition according to the above claim
1, wherein the fire extinguishing composition is implemented with
the surface coating treatment.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE APPLICATION
[0001] The present invention relates to fire-fighting field,
relating to a use of a fire extinguishing composition and a
chemical fire extinguishing substance, and in particular to a fire
extinguishing composition which can generate fire extinguishing
substance by high temperature sublimation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Since the specific objectives of replacing the Halon fire
extinguishing agent were proposed to member countries by The Canada
Montreal Convention in 1987, all the countries of the world
dedicated to the research of a new fire extinguishing technology;
people make great efforts to research a fire extinguishing
technology which has high fire extinguishing efficiency without any
environment pollution.
[0003] The gas fire extinguishing systems, the powder fire
extinguishing systems, the water type fire extinguishing systems
and the like, which are environmentally friendly, are widely used
as substitutes of the Halon fire extinguishing agent. The fire
extinguishing mechanism of an inert gas fire extinguishing system,
such as carbon dioxide, IG541 and the like, is mainly physical
extinguishing, namely, a smothering extinguishing by reducing the
oxygen concentration of a fire area. Such fire extinguishing method
would threat the personal safety of workers. The powder fire
extinguishing system implements fire extinguishing by the process
that the powder spraying under the effect of pressurized gas
contacts with the flame to generate the physical and chemical
inhibition effect. The water spraying fire extinguishing system
achieves the purpose of controlling the fire, inhibiting the fire
and extinguishing the fire under triple functions of the water
mist: cooling, smothering and isolating thermal radiation.
[0004] However, these fire extinguishing systems need to be stored
under high pressure, not only the volume of these systems are
larger, but also the risks of physical explosion during the storage
process are higher; the document "The Security Analysis of Gas Fire
extinguishing System" (Fire Science and Technology 2002 21 (5))
analyzes the risks of the gas fire extinguishing system, and
enumerates the safety accidents of the storage pressure gas fire
extinguishing system.
[0005] According to the research data, many foreign researchers
carried out a large number of fire extinguishing substance
researches, the Next Generation Fire Extinguishing Technology
Project Group (NGP) of the Building and Fire Research Centre of the
U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
publishes a lot of articles on this field. The group has researched
the fire extinguishing capacity of the testing substances by making
the testing substances act on the flame with carrier gas. The
nitrogen, carbon dioxide or CF.sub.3H gas were used as carrier gas
and the testing substances were heated by the carrier gases with
high temperature. Wherein, some substances (such as the ferrocene)
can sublimate under the effect of high temperature gas, and then
can generate fire extinguishing substances which can obviously
improve the fire extinguishing effectiveness of the carrier gas
(Proceeding of the Combustion Institute, Volume 28, 2000/pp.
2965-2972, Flame inhibition by ferrocene and blends of inert and
catalytic agents, Halon Options Technical Working Conference 2-4
May 2000, Flame inhibition by ferrocene, alone and with CO.sub.2
and CF.sub.3H).
[0006] In addition, the domestic Henan Polytechnic University
published an article about sublimation and fire extinguishing of
ferrocene and, a patent CN101327364A, namely, a ferrocene fire
extinguishing test system.
[0007] However, the above researches are all based on the
laboratory theoretical research merely, without being practically
applied in fire extinguishers; meanwhile, the current research
result shows that only the ferrocene can generate the fire
extinguishing substances when it sublimates at high temperature,
and other substances are not mentioned.
[0008] The existing aerosol fire extinguishing agent mainly
includes the S type and K type fire extinguishing agents, by
comprehensively analyzing the performance characteristics of the
existing aerosol fire extinguishing agent, the disadvantages are
mainly as follows: all the existing aerosol fire extinguishing
agents release a large amount of gas and active particles during
oxidation-reduction reaction, and achieve the chemical-physical
synergetic fire extinguishing purpose through the chain scission
reaction of the active particles and the coverage smothering of the
large amount of gas. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent can
release a large amount of heat while releasing the aerosol during
the combustion reaction. In order to effectively decrease the
temperature of device and aerosol, and to avoid the secondary fire,
a cooling system needs to be mounted, which causes defects of
complicated and heavy device structure, complicated technical
process and high cost. Otherwise, a large number of active
particles are inactivated as the existing of cooling system, and
the fire extinguishing performance is greatly reduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] Aiming at the current situations of the existing fire
extinguishing devices, and in particular to the inherent defects of
the aerosol fire extinguishing systems, the purpose of the present
invention is to provide a fire extinguishing composition which is
without high-pressure storage, safer and environment friendly, and
has efficient fire extinguishing effectiveness.
[0010] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention
comprises a fire extinguishing material which can generate a fire
extinguishing substance by sublimation at high temperature, wherein
the content thereof is more than 80 wt %.
[0011] Except comprising the fire extinguishing material which is
used as the main fire extinguishing material and can generate a
fire extinguishing substance by sublimation at high temperature,
the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention also
can properly add various additives which are commonly used in the
field.
[0012] The fire extinguishing composition which can generate fire
extinguishing substance by high temperature sublimation of the
present invention can simultaneously achieve the following effects:
first, the fire extinguishing composition which are capable of
generating the fire extinguishing substance by high temperature
sublimation can generate a flame inhibition substance by
sublimation at the moment of heating; this substance can extinguish
the fire by the physical or chemical inhibition effect, or the
physical and chemical synergistic flame inhibition effect; second,
by the inhibition effect of the sublimation products, the fire
extinguishing effectiveness of the fire extinguishing agent is
further improved while reducing the re-combustion possibility of
the fire source; third, the fire extinguishing composition can
rapidly absorb heat and sublimate under high-temperature heating,
so as to effectively and rapidly reduce the heat released by
burning the pyrotechnic agent, to greatly reduce the temperature of
the nozzle of the fire extinguishing device and the sprayed
substances, to save the complicated cooling system of the fire
extinguishing device, and also to eliminate the risks of generating
the secondary fire; fourth, the fire extinguishing composition is
easy to be processed and molded, and also can be independently used
or matched with the physical coolant; fifth, the fire extinguishing
composition has stable performance, and is easy to be stored for a
long time; sixth, the fire extinguishing composition has low
toxicity or non-toxicity, and it is environment friendly and has
excellent performance.
[0013] The fire extinguishing composition which can generate fire
extinguishing substance by high temperature sublimation of the
present invention is described below in details.
[0014] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention
includes the fire extinguishing material which can generate the
fire extinguishing substance by sublimation at high temperature, of
which the content is more than 80 wt %.
[0015] The flame inhibition mechanism of the fire extinguishing
composition generating fire extinguishing substance by high
temperature sublimation is as follows:
[0016] the fire extinguishing composition can sublimated to be the
gaseous substances with flame inhibition effect at high
temperature; the gaseous fire extinguishing substances can react
with one or more of O, OH, H free radicals which are necessary for
the chain combustion reaction via the free radicals, so as to cut
off the chain combustion reaction; and also can reduce the partial
pressure of oxygen by physical effect to inhibit the flames, or can
simultaneously implement the physical and chemical inhibition
effect to realize the fire extinguishing effect together; and
meanwhile, it can generate synergistic interaction with the
pyrotechnic agent to further improve the fire extinguishing
effectiveness of the fire extinguishing agent, and to greatly
shorten the effective fire extinguishing time.
[0017] In order to guarantee the stable performance of the fire
extinguishing composition under normal temperature and for long
term storage, the melting point of the fire extinguishing material
capable of generating fire extinguishing substances by high
temperature sublimation is preferably more than 100 degrees
centigrade, and the material can be: 2,4,6-tribromophenyl glycidyl
ether, dimethyl 4-bromophthalate, pentabromodiphenyl benzyl
bromide, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl maleimide,
pentabromochlorocyclohexane, tri(2,3-dibromopropyl)iso-cyanuric
acid ester, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, hexachlorobenzene,
hexachloroethane, melamine, cyanuric acid, red phosphorus, tin
oxide, ammonium bromide, cobaltocene.
[0018] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention
also can add various additives as required, such as the stearate,
graphite, combination solution of water soluble polymer or the
mixture thereof, wherein the content of the additive is less than
or equal to 20 wt %.
[0019] Each ingredient of the fire extinguishing composition of the
present invention and the content thereof are preferably:
[0020] the fire extinguishing material: 80 wt % to 90 wt %,
[0021] the additive: 10 wt % to 20 wt %.
[0022] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention
can be molded to be spherical, flake-like, strip-like, block-like
and cellular shapes by using the techniques of pelleting, mould
pressing, extruding and the like, and can be implemented with
surface coating treatment. Hydroxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl
cellulose is preferably added as the surface coating agent when
implementing the surface coating treatment. The surface coating
agent can improve the surface finish of the composition, improve
the intensity, abrasion resistance and shock resistance thereof,
and prevent the phenomenon that the fire extinguishing composition
is pulverized, dregs dropped, and overflows from the fire
extinguishing device during the transportation process.
[0023] The fire extinguishing composition of the present invention
is described more specifically below by the embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0024] Respectively adding 30 g of the fire extinguishing
composition prepared by the fire extinguishing material and the
additives in the following table into the fire extinguishing device
which is filled with 20 g of the K type thermal aerosol generating
agent, and respectively implementing a distributing fire
extinguishing tests in a 1.0 m.sup.3 test box; respectively testing
3 rounds for each group of samples, recording the fire
extinguishing quantity and the residual quantity; the test result
is as shown in Table 1.
[0025] The comparison embodiments are that: implementing a
distributing fire extinguishing tests for the fire extinguishing
device samples which are only respectively filled with 20 g
commercial and normal S type aerosol fire extinguishing agent or K
type aerosol fire extinguishing agent in the same 1.0 m.sup.3 test
box, respectively testing 3 rounds for each group of samples,
recording the fire extinguishing quantity and the residual
quantity, and the experimental test result is as shown in Table
1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Ingredient and test result comparison
Ingredient content of experimental example Comparison (mass
percent) example Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 Fire Commercial S
type fire extinguishing extinguishing agent material Commercial K
type fire extinguishing agent Pentabromodiphenyl 90 18 benzyl
bromide Tetrachlorophthalic 70 anhydride Hexachlorobenzene 65
Melamine 82 Red phosphorus 5 80 Tin dioxide 25 72 Ammonium bromide
25 16 95 Cobaltocene 15 5 Additive Magnesium stearate 1.5 4 Zinc
stearate Graphite 3 2 2.5 1 2 1.5 2 Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
Sodium silicate Polyvinyl alcohol surface Hydroxyethyl cellulose 2
1.5 3.5 2 2 3.5 3 Test result comparison Four Four three Four three
Four Four Two two Fire fire fire fire fire fire fire fire fire fire
extinguishing extin- extin- extin- extin- extin- extin- extin-
extin- extin- situations guished guished guished guished guished
guished guished guished guished Residual 31.5 34.2 27.8 30.6 28.3
21.7 26.9 41.3 46.7 quantity %
[0026] The fire extinguishing condition in the above table is the
least fire extinguishing numbers of the three tests which are
implemented, the residual quantity is the average value of the
three experiences; from the test data in the above table, it can
see that the fire extinguishing performances of the fire
extinguishing compositions of the embodiments 1-7 of the present
invention are all superior to the comparison embodiments 1 and 2
when implementing a distributing fire extinguishing test in the 1.0
m.sup.3 test box, and the residual quantities are all smaller than
the comparison embodiments 1 and 2.
[0027] The experimental method is based on the concentration
distribution test method of 7.13 in GA 499-2004, the fire
extinguishing test is implemented in the 1 m.sup.3 test box; five
steel-made test tanks are put in the test box; four fuel tanks
which are staggered up and down in pairs are respectively put in
four corners of the experimental space; in addition, a fuel tank is
put at the bottom of the experimental space behind a baffle plate.
N-heptane is filled in the fuel tank, and the bottom of the tank
uses clear water as a cushion layer.
[0028] The above specific embodiments are only exemplary; under the
above teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art
can implement various improvements and deformations on the basis of
the above embodiments; and all the improvements or deformations
shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art should know that, the above specific
descriptions are only used for explaining the purposes of the
present invention, without limiting the present invention.
* * * * *