U.S. patent application number 13/553360 was filed with the patent office on 2013-07-04 for power generator and related engine systems.
The applicant listed for this patent is Richard A. Parenti. Invention is credited to Richard A. Parenti.
Application Number | 20130167532 13/553360 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47601721 |
Filed Date | 2013-07-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130167532 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Parenti; Richard A. |
July 4, 2013 |
POWER GENERATOR AND RELATED ENGINE SYSTEMS
Abstract
Systems and methods are disclosed for a two-part system with a
gas generator and a driven engine system. In the two-part system,
the first part of the system is the gas generator which produces
power to operate and drive an engine. The driven engine is
considered the second part of this two-part system. This method
includes operating a gas generator combustion chamber that receives
fuel, oxidizer, and water; an igniter coupled to the combustion
chamber; and a computer controller that includes-sensors to sense
pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber, wherein the
computer controller controls the amount of fuel, oxidizer, and
water in the chamber, and actuates the igniter. The combustion of
the fuel and oxidizer combined with the steam that is produced are
used to drive an engine. The system may also use an auxiliary unit
to assist in the functions of the gas generator and the driven
engine.
Inventors: |
Parenti; Richard A.;
(Roseville, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Parenti; Richard A. |
Roseville |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
47601721 |
Appl. No.: |
13/553360 |
Filed: |
July 19, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61572857 |
Jul 23, 2011 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
60/645 ;
60/670 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01K 25/00 20130101;
F02G 3/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
60/645 ;
60/670 |
International
Class: |
F01K 25/00 20060101
F01K025/00 |
Claims
1. A two-part engine system consisting of a gas generator and a
driven engine system. a gas generator, including a combustion
chamber that receives fuel, oxidizer, and water; an igniter coupled
to the combustion chamber; and a controller including sensors to
sense pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber, wherein
the controller controls the amount of fuel, oxidizer, and water in
the chamber, and actuates the igniter to produce hot gasses and
steam to drive an engine(s), the controller: pressurizing and
controlling the amount of water at a predetermined water injection
pressure; injecting oxygen, or air, and hydrogen, or other fuels,
into a combustion chamber in a coddler and firing an ignition
system and; spraying pressurized water into the combustion chamber
to create expansive gasses from the products of combustion and
steam; and applying the products of combustion and steam to drive
an engine and an auxiliary unit, if needed; and controlling the
throttle valve in some cases, or if no valve is needed, controlling
the gas generator output; one or more driven engine(s) powered by
products of combustion and steam produced by the gas generator; an
auxiliary unit controlled by the controller to provide system
support for the operation of the complete gas generator and driven
engine system; wherein the gas generator and driven engine system
are used in a mobile, stationary or portable application and a
construction of the gas generators may be in a modular form or as a
single unit.
2. The system of claim 1, comprising fuels and oxidizers injected
into the combustion chamber to produce high pressure gases.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the oxidizers comprise oxygen,
and or air.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas generator combustion
chamber including a coddler to protect the fuel and oxidizer during
combustion and the coddler also introduces spray to produce steam
in addition to the products of combustion with a water spray
assembly (spray tree).
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the generator comprises an
internally fired pressure vessel.
6. The engine of claim 1, wherein the generator comprises a boiler
with combustion products and steam.
7. The system of claim 1, comprising a throttle valve permitting
the combustion chamber to build up and store a predetermined
working pressure of hot gasses and steam.
8. The system of claim 1, comprising a pressure regulator.
9. The system of claim 1, comprising a computer control system to
control the gas generator(s) and driven engine(s) system including
the auxiliary unit operation according to a predetermined engine
operating sequence.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the generator encloses products
of combustion and steam after ignition and produces them in a
useable and manageable form.
11. The system of claim 1, comprising a rocket engine and a cover
over the rocket engine.
12. The system of claim 1, comprising gas generator that produces
power as high pressure gasses and then routes the high pressure
gasses to drive an engine.
13. The system of claim 1, comprising one or more valves to route
the high pressure gases.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the driven engine is
closely-coupled or remote.
15. The system of claim 1, comprising a plurality of engines driven
from the gas generator(s).
16. The method of claim 1, comprising an auxiliary unit driving one
or more of a water pump, a fuel pump, an oxidizer pump, an exhaust
vacuum pump, an engine oil pump, an air conditioning compressor, if
needed, and an electric motor/generator.
17. The method of claim 1, comprising driving a vehicle and
producing additional pressure (a reserve) continuously or
intermittently depending on engine demand based on vehicle speed
and the power setting.
18. A method for operating an engine having a combustion chamber
that receives fuel, oxidizer, and water; an igniter coupled to the
combustion chamber; and a controller including sensors to sense
pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber, wherein the
controller controls the amount of fuel, oxidizer, and water in the
chamber, and actuates the igniter to drive an engine, the method
comprising: pressurizing water at a predetermined water injection
pressure; firing an ignition system and injecting oxygen and
hydrogen into a combustion chamber in a coddler; spraying
pressurized water into the combustion chamber to create an
expansive steam; and applying steam to drive an auxiliary unit.
19. The method of claim 18, comprising driving one or more of a
water pump, a fuel pump, an oxidizer pump, an exhaust vacuum pump,
an engine oil pump, an air conditioning compressor, and an electric
motor/generator.
20. The method of claim 18, comprising driving a vehicle and
producing additional pressure (a reserve) continuously or
intermittently depending on engine demand based on vehicle speed
and the power setting.
Description
[0001] The present application claims priority to Provisional
Application Ser. 61/572,857, filed on Jul. 23, 2011, the content of
which is incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present invention relates generally to a generator to
provide power, and more specifically to a high efficiency generator
and related engine systems.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
[0003] Internal combustion engines are commonly used to perform
work. At times engines must turn at high speeds in order to provide
power or energy to carry out the desired task. They tend to be
extremely complex, inefficient, and costly and release high levels
of pollution. For example, internal combustion piston engines can
expect at best 35% efficiency under optimum conditions and
engineering. Rotary, turbines, diesel, and so on, will typically
have a lower efficiency rate. It is understandable that these
methods are inadequate with many shortcomings, such as expensive
maintenance, high fuel consumption, limited fuel options, and cause
substantial pollution. These drawbacks with commonly used engines
and power generating systems are of grave concern to the global
community and are causing severe political upheaval.
[0004] The use of certain prior art products such as steam engines,
steam turbines and their auxiliary units provide power to do work,
however, boilers are even less efficient and slower to generate
work potential. The use of boilers makes it difficult to maintain
work potential. They are large, heavy, and overly complex, with
high operation and maintenance costs.
[0005] Hybrid engines partly address the problems associated with
internal combustion engines, steam engines, and the like, however,
they tend to be more complex, require space consuming batteries
(most of which contain heavy metal toxins), add weight if used in a
vehicle, and have overall higher maintenance costs.
[0006] Another approach to addressing present day energy shortages
is the conversion of internal combustion engines to run on alcohol,
methane, and natural gas. Most can be converted to run on any other
multitude of fuels, some of which are less expensive than gasoline,
but all of which are less efficient.
[0007] A generator and engine system that overcomes the numerous
problems associated with prior art would be valuable in many
aspects worldwide.
SUMMARY
[0008] In one aspect, the system includes a combustion chamber that
receives fuel, oxidizer, and water. A controller or a computer
senses the pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber
through sensors. The controller controls the amount of fuel,
oxidizer, and water in the chamber, and actuates an igniter to
drive an engine.
[0009] In another aspect, a gas generator and driven engine system
forms a two-part system. Some versions may operate as a one-part
system, but not as the general rule. In the two-part system the
first part of the system is the gas generator which produces power
to operate and drive an engine. The driven engine is considered the
second part of this two-part system. The gas generator may stop,
start, run fast or slow, somewhat independently of the driven
engine system. The throttle valve and or pressure regulator, if
they are used control the output of the gas generator to the driven
engine. One implementation of the Parenti gas generator (Generator)
and (driven) engine system includes three primary components:
[0010] 1. The gas generator (the combustion chamber), including the
coddler, if one is used, and water spray assembly. The generator
may classify as an internally fired pressure vessel; a boiler of
sorts with the fire (combustion products and steam) inside; [0011]
2. A throttle valve may be used, with or without a pressure
regulator. The valve permits the combustion chamber (generator) to
build up and store a high working pressure of gas and steam. A
throttle valve may not be used in some applications where the
computer control system may be used to control the generator and
engine system output. This option may be used with or without a
pressure regulator; [0012] 3. The driven engine completes this
engine system as shown in FIG. 5 for the Parenti gas generator
driven engine system. The driven engine will be used to produce
motion when powered by the gas generator. The driven engine may be
a prior art engine(s), or future engine(s). The system may be
supported by the computer control system, a fuel tank, oxidizer
tank, water tank, auxiliary unit, and so on, all of which are prior
art.
[0013] In another aspect, methods are disclosed for operating an
engine having a combustion chamber that receives fuel, oxidizer,
and water; an igniter coupled to the combustion chamber; and a
controller including sensors to sense pressure and temperature in
the combustion chamber, wherein the controller controls the amount
of fuel, oxidizer, and water in the chamber, and actuates the
igniter to drive an engine. In another aspect, the engine can be
operated by pressurizing water at a predetermined water injection
pressure; firing an ignition system and injecting oxygen and
hydrogen into a combustion chamber in a coddler; spraying
pressurized water into the combustion chamber to create an
expansive steam; and applying steam to drive an auxiliary unit.
[0014] The generator and engine system of the preferred embodiment
overcomes the problems associated with prior art. Given the
generator and system's high efficiency, it uses fuels and oxidizers
(pure oxygen, air, O.sub.2 and so on) in a unique process to
produce high pressure gases that are utilized to do work in such a
way as to substantially, and at times wholly, alleviate the
problems of pollution, inefficiency, large size, heavy weight, high
fuel cost and high fuel consumption, caused by all prior art
engines and power plants or power producing systems. The preferred
embodiment is a simple, unique concept that may be designed with a
multitude of variations based on the type of application, the fuel
type, oxidizer, water supply and raw materials and so on.
[0015] The generator uses a combustion system similar to a rocket
engine, but not the same type of propulsion system. There are
several differences between a rocket engine and the various
embodiments of the generator that is the subject of this
application. A rocket engine (prior art) is strictly a thrust only
engine. The generator in this application encloses (or contains)
the products of combustion plus steam after ignition and produces
them in a more useable and manageable form. It may be viewed as a
cover over a rocket engine. The generator uses these high pressure
gasses to operate various types of driven engines. A rocket engine
is not very useable in most settings, in that the thrust produces a
hot powerful exhaust, including fire, and is not very useable in
the average setting for an engine. This gas generator makes the
system more useable (user friendly). Rocket engines would not be
used in a typical automobile or truck. The coddler, and or spray
tree(s), which may be ceramic or metal, introduces a water spray to
produce steam in addition to the products of combustion. The
coddler with the fuel injection, oxidizer injection and water
injection are different from a rocket engine operating system.
[0016] This gas generator and driven engine system may also be
described as a two-part system. The gas generator produces the
power in the form of high pressure gasses and then routes the high
pressure gasses to the driven engine, this may be through a
valve(s). The driven engine produces the desired motion, either
rotating or longitudinal and so on as desired. The driven engine(s)
may be close-coupled (the most energy efficient) or remote.
Numerous engines may be driven from the same gas generator(s).
[0017] Most other internal combustion engines have the combustion
occur within the engine itself; these would include the normal
reciprocating piston gas engines that are currently in use, and
also includes diesel engines, jet engines, or rocket engine driven
axial flow turbine(s), Wankel rotary engines and so on.
[0018] This invention consists of a pressure vessel made from a
high strength, high temperature thermal resistant material, such as
stainless steel, molybdenum, titanium, ceramics and so on. It
utilizes any number of available fuels, gas, liquid, solid, or
powder, and oxidizers to generate intense heat. Unlike rocket, jet,
and gas turbine technology, the preferred embodiment utilizes the
intense heat and can quickly convert an internal medium, such as
water, into steam, which results in a high pressure output. For
example, water injected into the vessel provides steam that expands
to produce high pressure gas. This high pressure may be used in a
multitude of applications to provide power, much like any prior art
engine or power generating unit. For example, it may propel a
vehicle, generate electricity, power air compressors, jack hammers,
and provide a heat source, for example to heat a building, and so
on. It may even be used as a power generator in a water treatment
plant.
[0019] Additional benefits to the preferred embodiment include a
highly compact, lightweight and low maintenance design, which
requires little maintenance and, if low grade fuels are used, any
pollutants may be easily contained. There are numerous potential
applications due to the simplicity of its design and its superior
power/output ratio. It is believed that the efficiency will exceed
40% and may even be as great as 50% to 60%.
[0020] The numerous applications of the gas generator include
systems whose applications are potentially unlimited. This is made
possible through various auxiliary components which may be added on
to augment the preferred embodiment's utility. Thus, converting the
generator's power production to electricity, heat, kinetic energy
and so on. Given the systems versatile design it may eliminate the
need for a transmission, or could be adapted to be used with any
type of transmission, electrical generator, air compressor and so
on. The auxiliary components are easily affixed and adapted to the
generator to convert it into the desired system.
[0021] The preferred embodiment can be used in the following
systems: [0022] 1. A high power gas generator and related engine
system; [0023] 2. A high efficiency output system; [0024] 3. A fuel
efficient generator and power system; [0025] 4. An internal
combustion engine system with a variable cycling system; [0026] 5.
An internal combustion engine with a computer controlled cycling
system; [0027] 6. A power unit that may use a wide variety of
fuels; [0028] 7. A lightweight generator and power source; [0029]
8. A power source that has a reduced number of components; [0030]
9. A power source that substantially reduces pollution; [0031] 10.
The use of water injection to cool the combustion chamber and yet
increase the amount of high pressure gas; [0032] 11. A power source
that requires low maintenance; [0033] 12. A power source adaptable
to any number of systems for any number of uses. [0034] 13. A power
plant used to generate electricity for large commercial/industrial
facilities or residential single or multiple family dwellings.
[0035] Furthermore, it is an object of this application to
illustrate the preferred applications and broadly state the methods
that may be used in order to create an efficient power generator
and related engine systems.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the power system and
generator of the preferred embodiment.
[0037] FIG. 2 is a cutaway view of the power system and generator
in FIG. 1 showing the combustion chamber, coddler, fuel and
oxidizer intakes, a fluid injector, and a pressure regulator. The
function is also described.
[0038] FIG. 3a is a front perspective view of the coddler,
illustrating its unique qualities.
[0039] FIG. 3b is a rear perspective view of the coddler,
illustrating its unique qualities.
[0040] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the process used in
the generator in FIGS. 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 5, 6 and 7a and 7b, including
the combustion chamber, fuel supply, oxidizer supply, ignition
system, fluid supply (water), auxiliary unit, engine, and computer
control unit, and how these components provide a high volume flow
of hot gases to perform the desired task.
[0041] FIG. 5 a perspective view with partial cutaway showing the
generator in FIGS. 1 and 2 being used in a system with auxiliary
components, including a pressure regulator, a throttle valve, a
pressure probe, a temperature probe, fuel tank, oxidizer tank, fuel
injector, oxidizer injector, ignition system, a computer control
system, an auxiliary unit, also referred to as a starter/generator,
a fluid tank and fluid injector. A battery and condenser may also
be used (not shown).
[0042] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a variation of the preferred
embodiment that utilizes a supercharger (or turbocharger)
[0043] FIG. 7a is a perspective view of a variation of the
preferred embodiment that utilizes a supercharger and a
partial-purge tube pressurizing the combustion chamber.
[0044] FIG. 7b is a perspective view of a variation of the
preferred embodiment that utilizes a supercharger and a
partial-purge tube in a recharge disposition.
[0045] FIG. 8a is a perspective view of a variation of the
preferred embodiment as used in a water (or fluid) treatment
plant.
[0046] FIG. 8b is a perspective view of a variation of the dual
chamber piping.
[0047] FIG. 8c is a perspective view of a variation of the single
chamber piping.
[0048] FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view of the waste filtration
system including a spray tree, coddler, igniter, waste collector
and dual valve assembly.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A. Description of the Preferred Embodiment
[0049] In FIG. 1 the central component in the generator system 10
is a combustion chamber 20, fuel injector system 30, oxidizer
injector system 32, ignition system 34, and fluid injector system
40, which fluid injector is supplied by an external fluid supply
and pump (not shown). Fuel injector system 30, oxidizer injector
system 32, ignition system 34, and fluid injector 40 are located
proximate to one another. Chamber 20 also has an outlet 50 located
on an outer wall (or may be any other type of port assembly).
Attached to chamber 20 are pressure probe 22 and temperature probe
24 and pressure failsafe valve 56. Attached to the outlet 50 of
chamber 20 are pressure regulator 60 and a throttle valve 70.
[0050] In FIG. 2 fuel is delivered through fuel injector system 30.
Simultaneously an oxidizer is delivered through oxidizer injector
system 32. An expansive fluid is delivered in fluid inlet 40,
through a supply line (not shown), and out fluid injector 44. Fuel
and oxidizer are ignited by ignition system 34, which combusts the
fuel and oxidizer mixture. This ignition generates tremendous heat
and converts the expansive fluid into a gas. The expansion of the
expansive fluid into a gas creates tremendous pressure within
chamber 20. This pressure is released through outlet 50 and may be
utilized in any number of power or energy generating
capacities.
[0051] In FIGS. 3a and 3b coddler 36 as shown in FIG. 2 is a
ceramic cone that protects the combustion of the fuel and oxidizer
mixture at the point where they are ignited. The role of coddler 36
is to act as heat sync, provide cooling and prevent turbulence in
the chamber from interfering with the combustion of the fuel and
oxidizer mixture. As illustrated in FIG. 3a, combustion occurs when
fuel from fuel injector system 30 is discharged through fuel
injector nozzle 31, while oxidizer from oxidizer system 32 is
discharged through oxidizer nozzle 33, in which the combination is
then ignited by igniter 35, which is the terminal end of ignition
system 34.
[0052] Fuel injector system 30 and oxidizer injector system 32 may
be located inside coddler 36 as illustrated, or may be mounted
directly to the coddler. Likewise coddler 36 may be located in any
desirable location inside chamber 20 including in a centralized
location, or mounted onto the combustion chamber's wall. In some
cases it may be acceptable to have no coddler, as ignition will
nevertheless occur. This may be the case with a chamber that is
designed to incorporate a coddler, a fuel system, an oxidizer
system, and an ignition system that is more or less formed right
into shape of the chamber itself. What is most important is that an
igniter is at least somewhat proximate to the fuel and oxidizer
injectors in order to have a successful ignition of the fuel and
the oxidizer.
[0053] A pre-heater for the incoming water may also be used with
the gas generator. After the water leaves the auxiliary unit pump
the incoming water may be heated by coils, or other arrangement,
either inside or outside of the gas generator combustion chamber.
This allows for quicker expansion (evaporation) of the water spray
as it is sprayed inside of the combustion chamber. This feature may
or may not be used depending on the individual application.
B. The Process in a Typical Use
[0054] Block diagram FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of the
generator system 10 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3a and 3b. Computer
control system C starts the preferred embodiment and commands the
fuel supply F, and oxidizer supply X to inject fuel and oxidizer
into combustion chamber 20. It also starts the auxiliary unit
(starter/generator) A to pressurize expansive fluid W. Next,
computer control system C sends the command for igniter I to ignite
the mixture of fuel F and oxidizer X. Once a predetermined minimum
temperature is achieved, expansive fluid W is also introduced into
combustion chamber 20. Then, computer control system C monitors the
internal pressure in chamber 20 from pressure probe 22 (see FIGS. 1
and 2) and temperature probe 24 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) inside chamber
20, and based on the desired application as programmed into
computer control system C, it will further monitor the operation of
the preferred embodiment and combustion chamber 20. This monitoring
process regulates fuel F, oxidizer X and the internal hydration and
evaporation of fluid W in order to maintain the desired operating
pressure and temperature depending upon the application and the
desired output. It will also maintain fail safe systems to shut
down operation in the event of a malfunction, such as low water
supply, high temperatures, high pressure, and so on. As illustrated
in FIG. 4, the desired output is to operate engine E. It goes
without saying that the interconnection between the computer
control system C is interconnected with all components.
[0055] In the gas generator engine system an important component
for proper operation is the computer control system. Other control
systems may be used but a computer control system is typically the
best. The complex operation of the gas generator driven engine
system may make anything except a computer control system
impracticable. The other operating systems that may be used would
include a manual system, with one or more operators (personnel), a
simple chip, microprocessor, a programmable logic control (PLC), a
telephony application and so on may also be used.
[0056] This following Table 1 describes the operation sequence for
typical vehicle mounted purposes: a mobile unit such as an
automobile, truck, train, bus, tractor, airplane, and so on. A
stationary or portable application would probably use a variation
of the system based on the design and its intended purpose.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Engine Operating Sequence 1 With the vehicle
operator seated in the driver's seat, the engine system is
initiated with a starter control switch. 2 The auxiliary unit
electric motor doubles as a starter/generator and starts in the
electric motor mode driving the water pump to obtain the desire
water injection pressure. The time interval is approximately 10
seconds. 3 Once the desired (pre-set) water pressure has been
reached, the ignition system fires and oxygen and hydrogen are
injected into the combustion chamber in the coddler through their
respective injector systems. Water sprayed into the combustion
chamber creates an expansive gas (steam) and may also provide
cooling. 4 The amount of water injected (sprayed) into the gas
generator combustion chamber is metered into the chamber at
precisely the correct volume to maintain the correct temperature
and pressure within the combustion chamber. 5 A small portion of
the steam is diverted from the gas generator combustion chamber and
is used to run the auxiliary unit (starter/generator) as a
generator. The steam drives the auxiliary unit which may also
operate the water pump, fuel pump, oxidizer pump, exhaust vacuum
pump, engine oil pump, air conditioning compressor (if used) and
drives the electric motor/generator unit. The electric
motor/generator unit switches from the electric motor drive mode to
the electric generator mode once the auxiliary unit begins running
from the steam generated in the combustion chamber. In some
installations the auxiliary unit may be driven from a propeller
shaft when the vehicle is being driven. 6 Once the desired
operating pressure has been reached in the gas generator combustion
chamber, the vehicle is ready to operate; or the gas generator can
be left in the stand-by mode with the vehicle at a stand-still. 7
The gas generator combustion chamber and the auxiliary unit will
continue to operate in the stand-by mode as long as needed. This
includes running all other vehicle accessories such as air
conditioning and so on. 8 When the vehicle is being driven the
computer control unit controls the functions of the gas generator
combustion chamber and the auxiliary unit. 9 The pressure in the
gas generator combustion chamber varies and a pressure regulator
between the gas generator combustion chamber and the throttle valve
provides the desired pressure. Without the pressure regulator the
vehicle speed would vary as the gas combustion chamber pressure
fluctuates. 10 The driver may have a manual device or the computer
control system itself may select the combustion chamber operating
pressure; where the power (pressure) setting in the gas generator
combustion chamber can be changed. A low pressure setting for in
town driving, a medium pressure setting for normal driving and a
high pressure setting for rapid acceleration or towing. Since the
combustion chamber pressure can be changed by the driver, a
variable pressure regulator is used for this application as an
optional feature. 11 When the vehicle is being driven, the gas
generator combustion chamber may be producing additional pressure
(a reserve) continuously or intermittently depending on engine
demand. The demand is based on vehicle speed and the power setting.
This operation done with the computer control system can optimize
operating efficiencies.
C. Operation of the Preferred Embodiment
[0057] FIG. 5 illustrates a typical process of the preferred
embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 4 and Table 1 and includes a
generator system 110 much like that described as generator system
10 in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the addition of fuel tank 180, oxidizer
tank 182, an expansive fluid tank 184, an output unit 200 (prior
art), a computer control system C, Auxiliary unit
(starter/generator) (prior art) 146. As illustrated, fuel is drawn
from tank 180 through pressure regulator 186a, and into fuel
injector 136a and injected into combustion chamber 120; and the
oxidizer is drawn from oxidizer tank 182 through oxidizer regulator
186b and into injector 136b forming a combustible mixture inside
the coddler (not shown) inside combustion chamber 120. This
operation is much like that illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, and in
Table 1. At the moment fluid is introduced (again, such as water)
into combustion chamber 120, it is converted to a gaseous state and
generates tremendous pressure (expansive power). This pressure is
released through output 200, which in this example, turns impeller
202, which converts a forward moving pressure into a rotational
force R. This force R drives a prior art device.
[0058] FIG. 5 shows a gas turbine being used as the driven engine;
numerous other types of driven engines may be used. They include
the typical reciprocating piston type steam engines, various types
of steam turbines, a modified Wankel rotary engine, a Stirling
engine may also be designed to operate with the generator.
[0059] As disclosed in FIG. 5 the superheated gases generated by
the preferred embodiment will compromise the integrity of most
metals if there is not adequate cooling. For example, if hydrogen
and oxygen are used as the fuel and oxidizer, the heat of
combustion would be approximately 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit. By
using water as the expansive fluid and being injected into the
chamber in a spray, it not only serves as an expansive fluid, but
serves to cool the inside of the generator combustion chamber to a
safe working temperature simultaneously vaporizing the water when
the fuel/oxidizer mixture is ignited. The steam generated
multiplies the work potential of the expanding gasses. The
operation of the generator system as described herein is regulated
by computer control system C as described in FIGS. 4 and 5. This
control system monitors the pressure, temperature, generator
output, water injection, fuel and oxidizer mixture, ignition and so
on, in order to operate the engine system to meet the requirements
of each application.
E. Method of Manufacture
[0060] The construction of the preferred embodiment may be done
using currently available materials and manufacturing processes,
such as machining, drilling, milling, cutting, welding, casting and
so on. High temperature components of the preferred embodiment may
require materials such as stainless steel, chrome molybdenum,
titanium, and ceramics and so on. Likewise the construction and
physical design and shape may include numerous variations. Examples
of the materials used to construct the components and physical
designs of the preferred embodiment would include: [0061] 1.
Combustion chamber 20: Typically a cylinder or round-shaped chamber
would be the strongest physical design, although any suitable shape
may work. The preferred chamber would have at least one form of
opening, such as an end cap, whereas the internal components may be
mounted, attached and secured. On a cylinder-shaped chamber the end
cap may be a semi-spherical unit and may include one at each end.
Such a design provides easy access to mount, attach, and secure the
internal components during manufacturing. Likewise, the
half-spherical end caps may provide access for future maintenance.
The thickness of the walls of the chamber depend on the type of
fuel used, the amount of heat generated, plus the maximum operating
pressure that is needed, among other factors. The type of material
used would obviously have an impact on the thickness of the walls
in any given application. However, with the understanding that most
applications will be generating substantial heat and pressure, the
materials used to construct the chamber would typically be those
such as stainless steel, chrome molybdenum and titanium. In the
lower temperature and pressure ranges, suitable materials may
include cast iron and perhaps aluminum and so on. [0062] 2. Fuel
injector system 30: The injector is subject to high temperatures
and pressure, thus would typically require a material such as
stainless steel, chrome molybdenum or titanium. Its physical
construction also may be similar to any existing fuel injector,
such as those used in the automobile, military, and aircraft
industry and so on. [0063] 3. Oxidizer injector 32: Requires
essentially the same physical characteristics as fuel injector 30.
[0064] 4. Ignition system 34: Requires essentially the same
physical characteristics as fuel injector 30. [0065] 5. Coddler 36:
The unique coddler may be constructed of ceramic, or a suitable
metallic material, such as stainless steel, chrome molybdenum or
titanium in order to withstand the highest temperature range within
the chamber. Its shape is typically conical or somewhat tubular but
may be in any number of forms that provide the desired effect. In
certain applications no coddler may be required as previously
described. [0066] 6. Pressure regulator 60 and throttle valve 70:
These components would be built similar to currently available
components with the possible exception that a variable pressure
regulator may be desired for some applications. The material and
construction would be similar to the other internal components to
withstand the high temperatures and pressures.
F. Alternative Applications
[0067] In the variation of the preferred embodiment in FIG. 6 the
central component in the generator system 210 is a combustion
chamber 220. This chamber 220 has a fuel injector system 230; an
ignition system 234, a fluid injection system 240, and a
supercharger (or turbocharger) 290. Fuel injector system 230,
ignition system 234 and air from the supercharger are proximate to
one another inside chamber 220 with sufficient space to accommodate
a protective coddler 236 (not shown). The operation of this
variation is much like that of the previously described inventions
in FIGS. 1-5, with the exception of the addition of a supercharger
290, which would be adaptable to common fuels such as gasoline,
kerosene and other liquid fuels and natural gas and so on. The
variation using supercharger 290 (instead of an oxidizer system
like the oxidizer system 32 of FIG. 2), with present invention 210
includes an air intake 292, air intake valve 294 adjacent a wall in
chamber 220, an exhaust valve and system 296, and affixed to outlet
250 is pressure regulator 260 and a throttle valve 270. Like the
preferred embodiment in FIG. 2, the components inside and outside
of chamber 220 are operated by a computer control system C (not
shown, see FIG. 5). In FIG. 6 fuel is delivered through fuel
injector system 230. Simultaneously supercharger 290 provides the
air oxidizer through intake 292 and intake valve 294, then inside
the chamber. Fluid is an expansive fluid that is delivered in fluid
system 240. When the fuel and air mixture is ignited by ignition
system 234, it combusts the fuel and supercharged air mixture. When
the pressure in the chamber is below the desired operating level,
valve 296 open to exhaust the spent gases, and after the gases have
been exhausted valve 296 closes and valve 294 opens to allow the
supercharger to replenish pressurized air in chamber 220. Like the
preferred embodiment in FIG. 2, this ignition generates high heat
and converts expansive fluid into a gaseous state. The expansion of
the fluid into a gas creates high pressure within chamber 220. This
pressure is released through outlet 250 and may be utilized in any
number of applications. The variations in FIGS. 6 and 7 may use two
or more combustion chambers, depending on the application, to
insure constant pressure. This may include a plenum.
[0068] The preferred embodiment 310 in FIGS. 7a and 7b is
essentially the same invention 210 as illustrated in FIG. 6 with
the addition of a partial-purge tube 398 and a valve 399. In this
generator system 310 coddler 336, fuel injection system 330, fluid
injection system 340, and igniter 334 are located inside
partial-purge tube 398. In this generator, fuel is delivered by
fuel injection system 330. Simultaneously supercharger 390 provides
the air through intake inlet 392 and intake valve 394 and into the
partial-purge tube 398, up-stream from valve 399. The expansive
fluid is delivered in fluid injection system 340. When the fuel and
air are ignited by igniter 334, it combusts the supercharged fuel
and air mixture. As illustrated in FIG. 7a in a normal operating
disposition, when the pressure in the partial-purge tube 398
reaches the desired pressure, it is released into chamber 320
through valve 399, and serves the purpose of allowing high pressure
into chamber 320 and thus functions much like generator 210.
[0069] As illustrated in FIG. 7b, when valve 399 diverts the air
flow out through partial-purge tube 398 and through exhaust valve
396 to allow the spent mixture to exhaust down-stream from valve
399 as shown by the curved arrows in FIG. 7b. Likewise the
supercharger effect with the exhaust valve 396 are essentially the
same as described in FIG. 6. Valve 399 may be a piston-type valve,
slide gate valve, a pressure operated valve and so on. The primary
reason for using the unique partial-purge tube is to eliminate the
need to fill the entire combustion chamber, preserve the gas
already in the chamber and to maintain a more constant pressure in
the chamber.
[0070] In FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c and 9, the water treatment plant of the
preferred embodiment 410 is a variation of the preferred
embodiments as previously described in the preceding figures with a
combustion chamber 420. This chamber 420 has a fuel injection
system, and oxidizer injection system as described in FIGS. 1 and
2. It would probably not be supercharged (or turbocharged) as
described in FIGS. 6, 7a and 7b. Unlike the chambers in the
previous figures, chamber 420 has a precipitant collector 421 at
its base, which collects particles being filtered out of the water
to be treated, which process will be subsequently described in
detail. The water to be treated is fed from water inlet 442, which
is being pumped by water pump 446 through dual interconnected
tubular piping 448 in the direction illustrated by arrows, until it
enters chamber 420 at connection 449.
[0071] As illustrated in FIG. 8b, the dual piping system serves the
purpose of preheating the incoming water. Typically the water to be
treated begins in a relatively cool temperature but is increased by
the treated, purified heated (or hot) water. This heated water is
exiting the chamber though pipe 448 in the opposing direction as
the incoming water. In other words, incrementally cooling the
exiting hot water, and incrementally heating the cool incoming
water. Otherwise all other piping in the system is like that
illustrated in FIG. 8c.
[0072] Upon entering chamber 420 the water to be treated is heated
to the point where it is vaporized, thus allow precipitants to fall
by gravity into the precipitant collector 421. The vaporized water
(steam) being under pressure and is released out of outlet 450
through single tube exit pipe 462. As shown the vaporized water
condenses during its travel (shown by arrows) through exit pipe 462
and connects to junction 464, where its route then travels in the
opposite direction in the second of the two interconnected tubes in
piping 448. Subsequently, the hot condensed water in the second of
the two interconnected tubes is warming up the incoming water to be
treated, improving the efficiency by reducing the amount of energy
required to vaporize the water to be treated in chamber 420.
Likewise the vaporized water leaving chamber 420 is condensed into
distilled water.
[0073] At junction 466 the warm condensed, distilled water leaves
the dual interconnected tubular piping 448 and goes out single tube
pipe 468 to be stored, used, or handled as desired. The distilled
water may be used as drinking water, such as with a salt water
conversion system, or any number of internal plant operations.
Utilizing an appropriate length of exit piping 462 the temperature
may be maintained at an elevated level and used as a heating supply
within a city, building, and so on. It may also be admixed through
metering back into the water to be treated to dilute an otherwise
polluting precipitant, making it suitable for use with crops, or
any number of commercial or industrials applications. Whether the
precipitant is a pollutant or contaminant, the extracted
precipitants may indeed have significant commercial value. For
example, treating water in silicon chip and computer manufacturing
plants may extract significant amounts of silver and gold.
[0074] Also illustrated in FIG. 8a is an improved method to
condense the vaporized water leaving chamber 420. Part of the
cooler water to be treated is pumped by pump 446 through a single
tube pipe 470 which then wraps around piping 462 serving as
condenser 472 to assist in condensing the water vapor that is
exiting chamber 420. The cool water entering condenser 472 then
exits through piping 474 and circulates back into the original
piping 443 through one way valve 476. The size and length of
condenser 472 may vary to help cool the vaporized water faster and
cooler depending on the output temperature desired for the
distilled water. It goes without saying that if a high temperature
is desired, no condenser may be required.
[0075] The variations in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c and 9, work on the same
principle as generators shown previously in FIGS. 1, 2, and 5. In
FIG. 9 the chamber 420 the spray tree 445 replaces the fluid
injector 40 as shown in the above mentioned figures. Spray tree 445
allows a greater volume of fluid to be introduced to the chamber
420 than injectors could provide. The variation in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c
and FIG. 9 is required to process contaminated fluid instead of
providing steam power to perform work. In FIG. 9 the bottom of
chamber 420 is shown a collector 421 where particulate may be
caught as these solids are separated from the fluid as vaporization
occurs. The particulate can be removed through the use of two
valves 423 and 425, whereas particulate is released below valve 423
but not past valve 425, thus maintaining pressure with generator
410/420. Then after closure of valve 423, valve 425 may be opened
and the particulate completely removed from the system.
G. Variations
[0076] In the previous examples and applications of the preferred
embodiment, there are numerous ways to cool the inside of the
combustion chamber. For example, instead of pumping (spraying)
water into the combustion chamber, excess air in the combustion
chamber may be used for cooling; or a double walled generator may
be used and pressurized air may be forced into an outer portion of
the chamber. The outer portion of the double walled chamber may be
used to circulate water through a radiator type cooling system.
Variations of internal piping configurations may be used to provide
internal cooling with a radiator system. Also air cooling lines or
fins on the outside of the chamber may also be used to provide
chamber cooling.
[0077] Valves used throughout the preferred embodiment and its
systems, appear as representations and may be in any number of
forms such as slide gate valves, rotary valves and so on. Not
illustrated herein are valve actuators, which may be of any number
of commonly used types.
[0078] The previously described gas generators use a fuel and some
form of air or oxygen to provide power. This variation may use a
monopropellant such as hydrogen peroxide or hydrazine and so on.
Any one of the monopropellant fuels may be used to provide power
instead of the previously mentioned fuel and oxygen combinations
for the generator.
[0079] The following concept may be used for rocket engines to
assist in the initial, vertical liftoff from the ground. A rocket
engine may use preheated or cold water that is not carried onboard
the rocket to supplement the rocket engine power. Controlled water
metering may provide the desired temperature and amount of steam
produced. The ground mounted supply of water may be delivered to
the rocket engine for the first 20 to 50 feet, or more, of liftoff.
The water may cool the rocket engine exhaust slightly, while the
evaporating water would quickly turn to steam, producing additional
power (thrust) from the rapidly expanding steam. The area around
the ignition point may have a spray arrangement (a spray tree) to
deliver the water. The water may be delivered through the center or
sides of the rocket engine exhaust nozzle by using a delivery line
that rises with the rocket at liftoff. This may be a telescoping
arrangement similar to an auto repair hydraulic lift or a hydraulic
elevator lift. Another method may be to use a breakaway line from a
high point on the tower. This method may not be as desirable as the
previously mentioned method. By using this system the amount of
fuel carried onboard the rocket may be reduced, or used onboard
after liftoff. Additional rocket fuel may also be delivered in this
same manner, preferably a liquid fuel. This system may deliver the
water for steam and may also deliver additional rocket fuel by
using one line inside of the other. The fuel line may be the inner
line. This uses some of the same technology used in the Type I,
Type II, Type III and Type IV gas generators described
previously.
[0080] The Gas Generators described in the text and drawing
sections will be referred to as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type
IV as follows:
[0081] Type 1 gas generator is shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG.
5.
[0082] Type II gas generator is shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 5.
[0083] Type III gas generator is shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B and
FIG. 5.
[0084] Type IV water treatment generator is shown in FIG. 8A, FIG.
8B, FIG. 8C and FIG. 9.
[0085] For Type I, Type II, and Type III gas generators and driven
engine system, a two-part engine system includes a gas generator
and a driven engine system. The gas generator includes a combustion
chamber that receives fuel, oxidizer, and water; an igniter coupled
to the combustion chamber. In one embodiment, the engine system has
a combustion chamber that receives fuel, oxidizer, and water; an
igniter coupled to the combustion chamber; and a computer control
system, (controller) including sensors to sense pressure and
temperature in the combustion chamber, wherein the controller
controls the amount of fuel, oxidizer, and water in the chamber,
and actuates the igniter to produce hot gasses and steam to drive
an engine(s). The operation of the engine can include the
following: pressurizing and controlling the amount of water at a
predetermined water injection pressure; injecting oxygen, or air,
and hydrogen, or other fuels, into a combustion chamber in a
coddler and firing an ignition system and; spraying pressurized
water into the combustion chamber to create expansive gasses from
the products of combustion and steam; and applying the products of
combustion and steam to drive an engine and an auxiliary unit, if
needed. The system includes controlling the throttle valve in some
cases, or if no valve is needed, it controls the gas generator
output. The driven engine(s) are powered by the products of
combustion and steam produced by the gas generator(s). Almost any
type of engine or engines may be driven; this includes a
reciprocating piston (a steam engine), a gas turbine, a modified
Wankel, or future engine. an auxiliary unit to provide system
support for the operation of the complete gas generator and driven
engine system. The auxiliary unit operation is controlled by the
computer control system. The gas generator and driven engine system
that can be used in a mobile, stationary or portable application.
Driving a vehicle and producing additional pressure (a reserve)
continuously or intermittently depending on engine demand based on
vehicle speed and the power setting. The construction of the gas
generators may be either in a modular form or as a single unit. The
system uses fuels and oxidizers to produce high pressure gases. The
oxidizers can be oxygen, and or air. The gas generator combustion
chamber includes a coddler to protect the fuel and oxidizer during
combustion. The coddler also introduces spray to produce steam in
addition to the products of combustion and may also use a water
spray assembly (spray tree). The generator comprises an internally
fired pressure vessel. The generator comprises a boiler with
combustion products and steam. A throttle valve can be used for
permitting, if needed, the combustion chamber to build up and store
a predetermined working pressure of hot gasses and steam. A
pressure regulator can be used, if needed. One embodiment of the
computer control system can control the gas generator(s) and driven
engine(s) system including the auxiliary unit operation in
accordance with Table 1--Engine Operating Sequence and the
information described in block diagram shown in FIG. 4. Any number
of computer programs could be written to accomplish controlling the
system; what is important is the sequencing of the operation for
controlling the system. The computer control system would be
tailored to each individual application, depending on the Type (I,
II or III), number of generators and whether the use is for a
mobile, stationary or portable installation. The generator encloses
products of combustion and steam after ignition and produces them
in a useable and manageable form. The system can include a rocket
engine and a cover over the rocket engine. The gas generator
produces power as high pressure gasses and then routes the high
pressure gasses to drive an engine. One or more valves can route
the high pressure gases. The driven engine is closely-coupled or
remote. A plurality of engines can be driven from the gas
generator(s). An auxiliary unit can be driving one or more of a
water pump, a fuel pump, an oxidizer pump, an exhaust vacuum pump,
an engine oil pump, an air conditioning compressor, if needed, and
an electric motor/generator. Type I gas generator would not
normally use a fuel or oxidizer pump since the gasses are stored in
tanks under high pressure. The operation of the auxiliary unit is
controlled by the computer control system. The engine can be used
for driving a vehicle and producing additional pressure (a reserve)
continuously or intermittently depending on engine demand based on
vehicle speed and the power setting. The construction of the gas
generators may be either in a modular form or as a single unit.
[0086] For Type II and Type III, FIG. 6, FIGS. 7a and 7b type of
gas generators and driven engine system, the combustion chamber of
these two types of gas generators is supplied with air by
supercharger(s), or turbocharger(s). The inlet and exhaust valves
provide the intake of a fresh charge of air; and the exhaust valve
exhausts the spent products of combustion and steam. The exhaust
may be vented to the atmosphere or condensed, cleaned and the water
may be recycled or reused if desired. Multiple engines or a plenum
may be used to provide a constant source of power to drive an
engine(s). Air is supplied to the gas generator by a automotive
type of supercharger(s) or turbocharger(s). The intake and exhaust
valves operate as designed for the proper intake of air, and the
exhaust of spent products of combustion and steam, if used. A
condenser can be used if water recovery is desired. Multiple
engines or a plenum can deliver a more constant supply of hot
gasses.
[0087] For Type III only, FIGS. 7a and 7b gas generator and driven
engine system, the combustion chamber of the gas generator with the
partial-purge tube (tube) allows for the smaller amount of spent
gasses in the tube to be exhausted and a fresh charge of air to be
introduced into the tube without exhausting the entire combustion
chamber of the gas generator. Fuel can then be injected into the
tube with the air for ignition. When combustion is complete the
valve allows the hot gasses (and steam if used) to flow into the
full chamber. This system allows most of the temperature and
pressure to be retained in the main chamber. After the hot gasses
in the full chamber have reached the minimum low working level, the
partial-purge tube valve closes and then the remaining hot gasses
in the tube are exhausted. When most of the hot gasses have been
exhausted, the exhaust valve remains open for a short time and the
intake valve opens and completes the purging of the exhaust. Then
the exhaust valve closes and the intake remains open momentarily to
put a highly compressed charge of air in the tube. A partial-purge
tube can allow the products of combustion and steam, if used to
pressurize the complete gas generator combustion chamber, including
the partial-purge tube without completely exhausting of
depressurizing the full gas generator chamber.
[0088] For Type IIII, FIG. 8a, 8b, 8c and FIG. 9, a water (or other
fluid) treatment system can use the gas generator system to produce
steam so that any solid particles may precipitate to the bottom of
the collector bin. This will allow the water to be purified and
distilled. The preferred fuels would be hydrogen and oxygen since
they would not introduce additional pollutants. The burning of
hydrogen and oxygen would produce an additional amount of water.
Other fuels and oxidizers may be used. A gas generator can be used
to generate a high temperature to produce steam to purify and
distill water or other liquid. A coddler can introduce and ignite
the fuel and oxidizer used to produce steam and the products of
combustion within the chamber. One or more spray tree(s) can assist
in vaporizing the hot water to allow the particulate to precipitate
into the bottom of the collector, and later be discharged, through
the double valve assembly without depressurizing the entire gas
generator combustion chamber. A dual chambered piping system can
efficiently and effectively cool the outgoing steam and heat the
cool incoming water to be treated, thus reducing the amount of
energy required to produce steam. A pump and condenser system with
a single chamber pipe can be used to cool the steam from the gas
generator just as it leaves generator. A waste collector bin can be
used at the bottom of the gas generator. There is space in the bin
to collect a predetermined amount of particulate matter, and when
the bin is full, the top valve opens and the material drops to the
area between the top valve and the bottom valve. The top valve
closes and then the bottom valve opens to release the particulate
matter to the outside environment for sale or disposal. The bottom
valve closes and the system is ready to operate the same cycle
again when the bin is full. This system is used to avoid having the
gas generator lose the high internal pressure. A valve at the inlet
to the gas generator combustion chamber can be used to meter the
incoming water at the proper rate to allow for the steam to be at
the correct temperature and pressure to allow the particulate
matter to settle by gravity into the bin.
[0089] The system can be used as a rocket usage for liftoff
assistance. This system may be used for rocket engines during
liftoff. Using technology as previously described for Type I, II,
III and IV gas generators and applying it to assist in the first 10
to 50 feet or more, of liftoff to add additional liftoff thrust and
to reduce the amount of fuel carried onboard or provide onboard
uses for the fuel. This system would use a hydraulic or pneumatic
telescoping device to rise with the rocket at liftoff. Another
option would be to attach a breakaway line from high on the
launching tower. A spray tree would be used to spray water into the
area immediately outside of the area where the fuel is being
combusted. The water would quickly turn to steam and add additional
thrust to the rocket engine. The water may be cold or preheated and
needed. A liquid rocket fuel and oxidizer may also be provided
through this delivery system and would add even more power
(thrust). Safety systems would monitor the delivery system and the
rocket liftoff, and shut the delivery system down if necessary. The
gas generators Type I, II, III and IV can assist in the initial
liftoff of a rocket. A telescoping system can provide water and or
fuel to assist in the initial liftoff. A breakaway line from high
on the launching tower may be another option. A third option would
be to spray ground mounted fixed nozzles to spray water into the
rocket engine with the pressure increased as the rocket lifts off.
The heat from the burning of the rocket engine can turn the water
spray into steam, thereby adding additional thrust and slightly
cooling the rocket engine exhaust. The engine heat would also
ignite any additional fuel and oxidizer that were introduced to the
engine. Unlike a similar engine system that uses a gas generator
with a rocket engine type of combustion chamber, that system uses
an axial (or semi-axial) flow gas turbine, similar to the aft
section of a jet engine. This other engine may be considered a
rocket powered jet engine. In essence it would be a modified
Brayton cycle. This engine is normally stationary though, and the
primary use is to generate electricity.
[0090] The spirit (Intent) of the present invention provides a
breadth of scope that includes all methods of manufacture and
methods of using the present inventions. Any variation on the theme
(concept) and methodology of accomplishing the same that are not
described herein would be considered within the scope of the
present invention.
* * * * *