U.S. patent application number 13/731481 was filed with the patent office on 2013-06-06 for highly sensitive method for detection of viral hiv dna remaining after antiretroviral therapy of aids patients.
The applicant listed for this patent is Luc MONTAGNIER. Invention is credited to Luc MONTAGNIER.
Application Number | 20130143205 13/731481 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43309227 |
Filed Date | 2013-06-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130143205 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
MONTAGNIER; Luc |
June 6, 2013 |
HIGHLY SENSITIVE METHOD FOR DETECTION OF VIRAL HIV DNA REMAINING
AFTER ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY OF AIDS PATIENTS
Abstract
Methods for detecting polynucleotides, especially the DNA
replicated from samples obtained from subjects infected with
pathogenic viruses such as human immunodefiency virus, by detecting
electromagnetic signals ("EMS") emitted by such polynucleotides,
and methods for improving the sensitivity of the polymerase chain
reaction ("PCR").
Inventors: |
MONTAGNIER; Luc; (New York,
NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
MONTAGNIER; Luc |
New York |
NY |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
43309227 |
Appl. No.: |
13/731481 |
Filed: |
December 31, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12797826 |
Jun 10, 2010 |
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13731481 |
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61186610 |
Jun 12, 2009 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
435/5 ;
435/287.2; 435/91.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12Q 1/6806 20130101;
C12Q 1/703 20130101; G01N 27/3275 20130101; G01N 37/005 20130101;
C12P 19/34 20130101; C12Q 2527/146 20130101; C12Q 2523/303
20130101; Y02A 50/60 20180101; C12Q 2527/146 20130101; C12Q 1/6816
20130101; C12Q 1/6806 20130101; Y02A 50/53 20180101; C12Q 1/6816
20130101; C12Q 2523/303 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
435/5 ; 435/91.2;
435/287.2 |
International
Class: |
G01N 27/327 20060101
G01N027/327; C12P 19/34 20060101 C12P019/34 |
Claims
1. A method for detecting a polynucleotide comprising: isolating
nucleic acid from a sample; diluting the isolated nucleic acid in
an aqueous solvent to produce a sample in a form suitable for
measurement of low frequency electromagnetic emissions from nucleic
acid or associated nanostructures in the sample over time;
measuring or detecting said low frequency electromagnetic emissions
over time; and determining the presence of said nucleic acid in the
sample by detecting an electromagnetic emission signal (EMS)
associated with said polynucleotide; wherein said signal is not
produced by a sample isolated from an otherwise identical source
that does not contain the nucleic acid.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said nucleic acid is DNA produced
from an isolated viral polynucleotide or from a biological sample
obtained from a subject infected with a virus encoding said viral
polynucleotide using PCR or another nucleic acid amplification
technique.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said nucleic acid is DNA produced
from a viral polynucleotide isolated from a biological sample
selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma, serum, seminal
fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, sweat, urine, and feces of said
subject; or wherein said polynucleotide is obtained from a sample
of potable water.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said nucleic acid is viral DNA
encoded by human immunodeficiency virus.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said nucleic acid is viral DNA
encoded by a human immunodeficiency virus isolated from a subject
who is undergoing ART (anti-retroviral treatment), undergoing
treatment with one or more inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, or
is viral DNA encoded by a proviral form of a human immunodeficiency
virus.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said nucleic acid is viral DNA
encoded by infectious material isolated from a subject infected
with human immunodeficiency virus that passes through a 20 nM
filter.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said diluting step dilutes the
nucleic acid by about 10.sup.-7 to 10.sup.-13 compared to its
original concentration.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said measuring comprises placing
the diluted nucleic acid near an antenna adapted to receive
electromagnetic signals having a frequency approaching about 0 Hz
to about 20 kHz and receiving the electromagnetic signals from the
antenna.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a time
domain to frequency domain transformation on the measured or
detected signal, optionally on the signal components of the
measured or detected signal having frequencies between about 1 and
20,000 Hz.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring or detecting said low
frequency electromagnetic signal emissions over time further
comprises transmitting, outputting, displaying, printing, or
producing a data structure representing the electromagnetic signal
emissions or analyzed electromagnetic signal emissions; or further
comprises outputting, displaying, or printing a three dimensional
histogram of the electromagnetic signal emissions after Fourier
transformation.
11. The method of claim 1 for detecting an animal having a
pathogenic infection, which comprises: a) obtaining a body fluid
from an animal suspected of having a pathogenic infection, b)
filtering the body fluid to obtain a filtered body fluid, c) serial
diluting of the filtered body fluid until obtaining a dilution to
test for EMS; wherein, the serial diluting comprises multiple
cycles of: vortexing the filtered body fluid and diluting the
filtered body fluid at a dilution of 1:9; d) measuring an EMS from
the diluted body fluid in step d), e) analyzing the EMS, f)
determining if the EMS corresponds to an EMS produced by a
pathogen.
12. The method of claim 1 for detecting a reservoir of human
immunodeficiency virus in a subject comprising: (a) obtaining a
sample of body fluid from an animal, filtering the sample,
vortexing the sample, diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9,
measuring an EMS from the diluted sample, analyzing the EMS, and
determining if the EMS corresponds to HIV virus; (b) obtaining a
sample of body fluid from an animal, filtering the sample, serial
diluting of the sample until obtaining a dilution to test for EMS;
wherein, the serial diluting comprises multiple cycles of:
vortexing the filtered body fluid and diluting the filtered body
fluid at a dilution of 1:9; measuring an EMS from the diluted
sample, analyzing the EMS, and determining if the EMS corresponds
to HIV virus; (c) obtaining a sample of body fluid from an animal,
filtering the sample, treating filtered sample with an RNase,
vortexing the sample, diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9, and
analyzing diluted sample with RT-PCR; or (d) obtaining a sample of
body fluid from an animal, filtering the sample, treating filtered
sample with an RNase, serial diluting of the filtered sample with
the RNase body until obtaining a dilution to test for EMS; wherein,
the serial diluting comprises multiple cycles of: vortexing the
filtered body fluid and diluting the filtered body fluid at a
dilution of 1:9; analyzing diluted sample with RT-PCR; (e)
obtaining a sample of body fluid from an animal, filtering the
sample, treating filtered sample vortexing the sample, diluting the
sample at a dilution of 1:9, and analyzing diluted sample using HIV
primers with nested PCR; or (f) obtaining a sample of body fluid
from an animal, filtering the sample, treating filtered sample,
serial diluting of the filtered sample until obtaining a dilution
to test for EMS; wherein, the serial diluting comprises multiple
cycles of: vortexing the filtered body fluid and diluting the
filtered body fluid at a dilution of 1:9; analyzing diluted sample
using HIV primers with nested PCR.
13. The method of claim 1 for determining the efficacy of a
treatment for a pathogenic disease, to determine whether a subject
has been cured of human immunodeficiency virus, detecting viral DNA
in a subject with undetectable viral RNA, to assess eradication of
a viral infection, or to confirm EMS generation by human
immunodeficiency virus, respectively, comprising: (a) determining
efficacy of treatment of a pathogenic infection comprising:
measuring an EMS in a person corresponding to an EMS from a
pathogenic particle; treating the person with a treatment for which
an efficiency is being determined; measuring an EMS in the person
treated with the treatment; and determining the relationship
between the EMS before treatment and the EMS after treatment; (b)
determining whether a subject has been cured of a human
immunodeficiency virus infection comprising: measuring an EMS in a
person corresponding to an EMS from a HIV virus; treating the
person with a treatment for which a cure is expected; and not
detecting an EMS in the person corresponding to the EMS from the
HIV virus; (c) detecting viral DNA in a patient with undetectable
viral RNA comprising: obtaining a sample of body fluid from a
patient, filtering the sample, treating filtered sample with an
RNase, serial diluting of the filtered sample with the RNase until
obtaining a dilution to test for EMS; wherein, the serial diluting
comprises multiple cycles of: vortexing the filtered body fluid and
diluting the filtered body fluid at a dilution of 1:9; and
analyzing diluted sample with RT-PCR; (d) assessing eradication of
a viral infection based on reduction of viral DNA comprising:
measuring an EMS in a person corresponding to an EMS from a viral
DNA; treating the person with a treatment for which an efficiency
is being determined; measuring an EMS in the person treated with
the treatment; and determining the relationship between the EMS
before treatment and the EMS after treatment; or (e) confirming EMS
generation by human immunodeficiency virus comprising: obtaining a
sample from a patient, filtering the sample, treating filtered
sample with an RNase, vortexing the sample, diluting the sample at
a dilution of 1:9, and amplifying the diluted sample with RT-PCR
using a PCR primer for a HIV gene sequence
14. A method for amplifying a DNA sample comprising: filtering a
sample containing DNA, optionally, treating said sample with RNase,
diluting or serially diluting the filtered sample, wherein said
diluting or serially diluting comprises vigorous agitation or
vortexing of the filtered sample, and amplifying DNA from said
diluted sample by a method selected from the group consisting of
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested-PCR, RT-PCR, nested RT-PCR,
and other conventional DNA amplification methods.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said sample is treated with
RNase after filtration.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein said sample is serially diluted
by a factor of 1/10 (one part sample to nine parts diluent) to a
dilution of 10.sup.-7 to 10.sup.-13 based on the concentration of
DNA in the original sample.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the sample is obtained from a
subject infected with a human immunodeficiency virus.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein said sample is material that
passes through a 20 nM filter that is isolated from a subject
infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
19. A composition comprising a filtered, vortexed, diluted sample
of DNA, prepared according to the method of claim 1, wherein the
filtered, vortexed, diluted sample of DNA has a detectable
electromagnetic signal.
20. An apparatus to analyze a sample obtained from a subject having
a pathogenic infection comprising: a sample loading device; a
sample filtering device; a sample diluting device; a sample
vortexing device; a sample measuring device for EMS; an EMS
analyzer; and a data display device.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.120
to U.S. Ser. No. 12/797,826, filed Jun. 10, 2010 and under 35
U.S.C. .sctn.119(e) to U.S. Provisional 61/186,610, filed Jun. 12,
2009, each of which is incorporated by reference in its
entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] Methods for detecting polynucleotides, especially the DNA
replicated from samples obtained from subjects infected with
pathogenic viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, by
detecting electromagnetic signals ("EMS") emitted by such
polynucleotides, and methods for improving the sensitivity of the
polymerase chain reaction ("PCR").
[0004] Electromagnetic signals of low frequency have been shown to
be produced in aqueous dilutions by Human Immunodeficiency Virus
DNA. In vivo, HIV DNA signals are detected only in patients
previously treated by antiretroviral therapy and having no
detectable viral RNA copies in their blood. It is suggested that
the treatment of AIDS patients pushes the virus towards a new mode
of replication implying only DNA, thus forming a reservoir
insensitive to retroviral inhibitors. Implications for new
approaches aimed at eradicating HIV infection are disclosed.
[0005] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0006] Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is now the standard treatment
of HIV infected patients. Generally composed of three or four
inhibitors of the viral reverse transcriptase and protease, it
results in a quasi complete disappearance of HIV viremia, or
measured by the strong reduction of viral RNA copies (viral load)
in the patient's serum. The limit of detection of RNA copies by
commercial kits (200 virus/ml or 40 virus/ml) is usually attained
within 3 to 6 months when the virus is fully sensitive to the viral
inhibitors. However, as soon as the treatment is interrupted, virus
multiplication resumes within weeks, as evidenced by the increase
of the virus load and the decrease of the CD4 T-cell numbers.
[0007] This indicates that there is a viral reservoir to which the
inhibitors have no access or no effect. This reservoir is
presumably made of proviral DNA integrated in cells in a dormant
state. It is shown that ART treatment of patients induces the
release into their blood of HIV DNA sequences detectable by a new
biophysical technology. The data suggests that inhibition of
infection at the reverse transcription step is pushing the virus
towards a low level of replication using only DNA templates. This
would explain why the classical inhibitors used in ART cannot
achieve eradication of the viral infection.
[0008] Detection of electromagnetic waves of low frequency by high
dilutions in water of the DNA of pathogenic bacteria has been
previously reported. This is a resonance phenomenon likely to be
produced by polymerized water molecules organized by some DNA
sequences. It has been contemplated that the genetic material of
viruses, particularly that of HIV, could also induce the same
transformation of water.
[0009] Pathogenic microorganisms in this day of age are not only
submitted to high selective pressure by the immune defenses of
their hosts but also have to survive under highly active antiviral
treatments. Not surprisingly, they have evolved in finding many
ways to escape these hostile conditions, such as mutations of
resistance, hypervariability of surface antigens, protective
biofilms, latency inside cells and tissues. It has been observed
that some filtration procedures aimed at sterilizing biological
fluids can yield under some defined conditions the infectious
microorganism which was present before the filtration step. A 20 nM
filtration did not retain a minor infective fraction of HIV, the
causal agent of AIDS, whose viral particles have a diameter
averaging 100-120 nM. In the course of investigating the nature of
such filtering infectious forms, another property of the filtrates
was found that may or may not be related to the former: their
capacity to produce some electromagnetic waves of low frequency in
a reproducible manner after appropriate dilutions in water.
[0010] The emission of such waves is likely to represent a
resonance phenomenon depending on excitation by the ambient
electromagnetic noise. It is associated with the presence in the
aqueous dilutions of polymeric nanostructures of defined size. The
supernatant of uninfected eukaryotic cells used as controls did not
exhibit this property. Disclosed is a first characterization of the
electromagnetic signals (EMS) and of their underlying
nanostructures produced by some purified viruses.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The disclosed invention includes:
[0012] A method of detecting electromagnetic signals (EMS) emitted
by genes of viruses, in particular genes from pathogenic viruses.
Also, a method of detecting electromagnetic signals emitted by DNA
or specific nucleotide sequences. The methods include steps of
filtering, diluting, and vortexing of samples of body fluids,
tissues or cells; or samples of DNA extracted from body fluids,
tissues or cells. The samples are serially diluted with the samples
being vigorously vortexed between each dilution step.
[0013] A method of improving the sensitivity of PCR by 10 to 100
times by processing samples with serial dilutions (1/10 at each
step) and vigorous vortexing between each dilution step.
Additionally, RNase treatment of the filtered original sample can
be combined with the serial dilution process.
[0014] A composition of viral genes, specific nucleotide sequences
or DNA, in general, that is able to emit EMS when the appropriate
dilution of the sample is obtained by serial dilution and vortexing
between each dilution step.
[0015] A machine to process biological samples to automatically
make the initial solution of biological fluid or solution of DNA
extracted from a biological sample of body fluid, tissue or cells;
filter the original solution followed by serial dilutions of the
sample with vortexing of the diluted sample before the next serial
dilution; and detecting, measuring and analyzing an emitted EMS to
determine if it corresponds to an EMS from a specific pathogenic
virus or gene.
[0016] A machine to detect a pathogenic infection in a human or
animal by a non-invasive method and detecting, measuring and
analyzing an emitted EMS from a body part placed on a scanner
surface. The detected EMS would be compared to an EMS indicative of
the specific pathogenic infection.
[0017] Additional embodiments of the disclosed invention are
described below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
EMS in "Silent" and "Loud" Samples
[0018] FIGS. 1A, B and C show a typical background EMS detected in
an unfiltered suspension or a negative low dilution, and how this
background noise appears after it has been analyzed with Fourier
transformation, graphic representation, and harmonics. FIG. 1A
shows an EMS with large changes in the amplitude of the signal with
small changes in frequency and small ranges between the high and
low values. FIG. 1B shows that the spikes are very small on the
right side of the graph. FIG. 1C shows only small peaks near the
origin and spaced along the graph.
[0019] FIGS. 2 A, B and C show a typical EMS recording from the
plasma DNA of a patient positive for HIV and who has received
antiretroviral therapy. FIG. 1A shows a very different signal
pattern. The amplitude of the signal remains relatively constant
with a higher frequency of spikes and a large range between the
high and low value of each spike. FIG. 1B shows that the spikes are
very large on the right side of the graphs. FIG. 1C now shows large
spikes near the origin with large spikes found all along the base
of the graph.
[0020] Stability of EMS in Sample
[0021] FIGS. 3A, B and C show the EMS emission from a sample of
plasma from a patient positive for HIV and who has received
antiretroviral therapy. The sample has been stored at C. The EMS
recording on Day 0 in FIG. 3A has the typical appearance of only
having background EMS with the right side of the graph having small
spikes. When the same sample has the EMS recorded on Day 14 (FIG.
3B) and Day 34 (FIG. 3C), there is no change in the EMS and it
looks just like the recording taken on Day 0 (FIG. 3A).
[0022] FIGS. 4A, B and C show the EMS emission from a sample of
plasma from a patient positive for HIV and who has received
antiretroviral therapy. The sample has been stored at C; however it
has been filtered and diluted to 10.sup.-5 in serial steps of 1
part sample solution:9 parts diluent (decimal dilution) with each
step consisting of dilution followed by vigorous and sustained
vortexing of the prepared diluted solution. The sample was diluted
in steps from the original sample to 10.sup.-1, 10.sup.-2,
10.sup.-3, 10.sup.-4, and finally to 10.sup.-5. The EMS was
recorded from the 10.sup.-5 dilution. The EMS recorded on Day 0
(FIG. 4A) has very large peaks on the right side of the graph as
compared to the peaks on the left side of the graph. The EMS
recorded on Day 14 (FIG. 4B) still has large peaks with the range
of the peaks expanded a little more compared to the recording on
Day 0 (FIG. 4A). The EMS recording on Day 34 (FIG. 4C) is very
similar to Day 14 and still shows the typical pattern seen in a
sample emitting an EMS from the HIV virus. The stability of the EMS
generating entity appears to persist for many days and weeks in
some samples.
[0023] EMS Signal Versus Dilution of the Sample
[0024] FIGS. 5A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L show the EMS
recording from the serial dilutions of a sample of plasma DNA from
a patient positive for HIV and who has received antiretroviral
therapy. EMS recordings were taken from each serial dilution from
beginning with the original not filtered (NF) sample (FIG. 5A)
through the first dilution of 10.sup.-1 (FIG. 5B) through the
intervening serial dilutions described by FIGS. 5C, 5D, 5E, 5F, 5G,
5H, 5J, and 5K to the last dilution of 10.sup.-12 (FIG. 5L). Also,
it must be noted that each serial dilution was vigorously vortexed
before making the next dilution in series. The EMS signal in the
non-filtered sample has the appearance of background noise with
none of the typical changes in the signal pattern seen in an EMS
emitting sample. Sample D5 (10.sup.-5 dilution) (FIG. 5E) begins to
show the typical pattern of an EMS emitting sample and this pattern
continues in the samples until D8 (10.sup.-8) (FIG. 5H). Sample D9
(10.sup.-9) (FIG. 5I) shows that the EMS pattern has reverted back
to that seen in the non-filtered sample that is typical of
background noise. This pattern continues in the samples up to D12
(10.sup.-12) (FIG. 5L). These graphs show that low dilutions and
very high dilutions do not emit EMS. It is only the dilutions in
the range of 10.sup.-5 to 10.sup.-8 that have the detectable
EMS.
[0025] FIGS. 6A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L show the
Fourier transformation analysis of the same samples as in FIGS. 5A,
B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L. These graphs more easily show
the EMS from the samples. Samples NF (FIG. 6A) to D4 (FIG. 6D) do
not show any large peaks on the right side of the graph. However,
beginning with sample D5 (FIG. 6E) and ending with sample D8 (FIG.
6H), the graphs show large peaks on the right side of the graphs
indicating the emission of EMS from the EMS generating entity
associated with HIV infection. Finally samples D9 to D12 reverted
back to the pattern seen with background noise.
[0026] FIGS. 7A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L show the
Fourier transformation analysis presented with spikes rather than
waves as in FIG. 6. These graphs allow an easier analysis of the
EMS from the samples. Samples NF (FIG. 7A) to D4 (FIG. 7D) and D9
to D12 (FIGS. I-L) do not show any spikes in the graph, which
indicates the recording of just background noise. However, samples
D5 to D8 (FIGS. 7E-7H) show many spikes near the origin and
multiple spikes along the base of the graph. This pattern shows the
EMS emission indicating the presence of nanostructures induced by
HIV DNA.
[0027] EMS Recording Apparatus
[0028] FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of the equipment
used to record EMS from samples. A coil, bobbin of copper wire,
surrounded the sample vial (2) to detect the EMS. The wires from
this coil were connected to a Sound Blaster Card (3), which in turn
was connected to a laptop computer (4). A laptop computer is
preferred since it can be run with battery power, which eliminates
some background EMS from AC current. Each emission was recorded
twice for 6 seconds, amplified 500 times and processed with
different softwares for visualization of the signals on the
computer's screen. The main harmonics of the complex signals were
analyzed by utilizing several softwares of Fourier
transformation.
[0029] Increased Sensitivity of PCR
[0030] FIG. 9 is an electrophoretic gel showing the detection of
DNA in each of the serial dilutions of a blood sample obtained from
a patient positive for HIV and receiving ART. The sample was
processed with two different methods: 1) the typical method of
mixing the diluted sample between each serial dilution and 2) the
improved method of vigorously vortexing the diluted sample between
each serial dilution. The diluted samples were run on the gel to
detect the DNA present in each dilution. The samples run on the gel
were from NF (original undiluted sample) to D I O (10.sup.-10). The
NF band was the only band visible in the samples that were just
mixed between each step of serial dilutions (upper). However, bands
were visible for the NF, D2 (10.sup.-2) and D3 (10.sup.-3) samples
when the samples were vigorously vortexed between each serial
dilution (lower). This improved method showed an increase of
sensitivity by 100 times over the typical methods used with
PCR.
[0031] FIG. 10A, B and C together depict Table A that shows the
representative results of an experiment testing for EMS in patients
with varying levels of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy.
The presence of EMS was tested in various samples from these
patients: unfrozen blood plasma and samples with DNA extracted from
a frozen blood sample--Plasma DNA, WBC (white blood cells) DNA and
RBC (red blood cells) DNA. The first group of patients (B1-B4) was
asymptomatic for HIV and had not received antiretroviral therapy.
All samples from these patients, whether the sample was fresh
plasma or DNA extracted from frozen blood, did not emit EMS at any
dilution. These patients had HIV virus present in their samples,
but their presence did not cause the emission of EMS. The second
group of patients (C1-C4) (FIG. 10A) was asymptomatic for HIV and
had received antiretroviral therapy. These patients' plasma and RBC
DNA samples emitted EMS; however the WBC samples did not emit EMS
and were silent. Also, it did not depend if the sample was from
fresh plasma or DNA extracted from a frozen sample. Additionally,
the dilution range for emitting EMS was very similar from sample
source (Plasma, Plasma DNA, WBC DNA, and RBC DNA) and between
patients (C1-C4) (FIGS. 10B and 10C). The dilution emitting EMS
ranged from D3 (10.sup.-3) to D9 (10.sup.-9). It is important to
note that the WBC DNA did not emit EMS, indicating that the EMS
generating entity (probably DNA) was not present in these cells,
although some of the WBC [CD4 lymphocytes and monocytes] are the
target for the HIV virus. Additionally, the RBC DNA sample was
positive for emitting EMS, even though RBC lack a nucleus. It is
theorized that the EMS generating entity may be adsorbed to the
exterior cell membrane of the RBC or associated with a cell that
co-migrates with RBC during fractionation. Also, the EMS generating
entity may have the same density as RBC and so be found in the RBC
fraction. The third group of patients (D1-D4) (FIG. 10C) was
symptomatic for HIV and had not received antiretroviral therapy,
that is, showing full-blown AIDS. It is difficult to find patients
in the Developed World in this condition due to the wide-spread use
of antiretroviral therapy. However, it is very common to find
patients with untreated AIDS in the Undeveloped World due to high
cost of the antiretroviral therapy drugs and lack of money by the
patients or their countries. During a trip to Central Africa,
samples were obtained from patients with Full-Blown AIDS. Blood
samples from these symptomatic untreated patients were found not to
emit EMS. None of the samples, whether fresh or from frozen
samples, were found to emit EMS. This finding suggests that that
the EMS generating entity is only produced when the virus
replication has been inhibited by antiretroviral therapy. If the
production of this EMS generating entity was just a step in the
progression of the HIV infection, it would be expected in patients
with a long duration of infection, that is in patients who are
asymptomatic for AIDS and had not received antiretroviral therapy
and patients who are symptomatic for HIV and had not received
antiretroviral therapy, since both groups represent people with
long-term HIV infections. The finding that samples from symptomatic
untreated patients lacked EMS indicated that the process that
produces the EMS generating entity was probably associated with
some "self-preservation" mechanism of the HIV virus to hide from
the immune system of the infected animal.
[0032] FIGS. 11A and B show representative results of an experiment
testing for EMS from DNA bands resulting from PCR and nested-PCR.
Five HIV genes (Gag, Pol, Env, LTR, & Net) were amplified,
isolated and samples prepared and diluted with serial dilutions.
There were differences in the ability to emit EMS found between
individual genes and whether the DNA was produced by PCR or
nested-PCR. The Gag and Pol genes did not emit EMS from DNA
produced by either PCR or nested-PCR (FIG. 11A). The Env, LTR and
Nef genes showed EMS emission when the DNA was obtained using
nested-PCR and the sample was diluted from 10.sup.-4 to 10.sup.-8
(FIG. 11B). These results indicated that the EMS may be associated
with a specific gene or genes in the HIV virus. However, there may
be other genes or nucleic acid sequences that emit EMS.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0033] The invention relates to the detection in a blood sample of
electromagnetic signals coming from HIV DNA, in patients which have
undetectable viral RNA in their blood as measured by commercial
existing tests.
[0034] This new test will allow elaborating new therapeutics aimed
at reducing the amount of this DNA, thus creating the possibility
to eradicate the viral infection. In clinical sites, unfrozen
plasma from fresh blood samples can be used and directly tested.
Otherwise the plasma sample will have to be shipped in a frozen
state and DNA can be extracted from this plasma, as well as, from
blood cells, including those associated with the erythrocyte
fraction, and also from any tissue or body fluid.
[0035] The technology of detecting EMS from pathogenic particles
was refined and improved to the capture electromagnetic signals of
HIV DNA sequences. Unlike the nanostructures induced in water by
bacterial DNA, which passed through 100 nM filters but were
retained by 20 nM filters, the HIV DNA nanostructures are smaller
since they passed through 20 nM filters. The range of dilutions are
lower at which the EMS from viruses could be detected, starting
from 10.sup.-3 up to 10.sup.-9 decimal (i.e., 1 part sample:9 parts
diluent] dilutions. There is no detectable difference in the
profile of the signals at this level of technology, indicating that
it is probably due to a resonance phenomenon of water polymers.
[0036] The material structures at the origin of the signals are
unlikely to come from mature HIV virions, as they differ in density
in sucrose gradient from the density of 1.16 of retroviruses.
Moreover, in the blood of AIDS patients, they are produced by DNA
and not RNA.
[0037] An important observation, although paradoxical, is that only
HIV-related DNA sequences from patients treated with antiretroviral
therapy and having no detectable RNA in their blood can be detected
by EMS emission and by PCR. Naive untreated patients, either with
high or low virus load, show no evidence of such DNA. This result
was obtained with patients of different geographic locations (North
America, Europe, West and Central Africa) presumably infected with
different HIV subtypes.
[0038] Interestingly, this DNA is not only detected in the plasma
fraction, but also found associated with the erythrocyte fraction.
As there is no DNA in mature erythrocytes, the viral DNA is
probably present in nanostructures bound to the erythrocyte
membrane (exosomes) or in nucleated cells that sedimented with the
erythrocytes (i.e., granulocytes). In treated patients still having
a detectable virus load, the DNA was only found in the plasma
fraction.
[0039] There are several possible source(s) of this DNA and
possible roles by this DNA. PCR analysis of the prototype HIV 1 Lai
DNA indicated that short fragments of nested-PCR amplified DNA, in
picogram amounts, are the source of EMS, derived in particular from
the LTR, Env and Nef genes. Similarly, in the case of patient DNA,
the LTR, Nef and Env-derived amplicons were also EMS positive.
[0040] There may be in vivo DNA fragments corresponding to other
genes which are not picked-up by the primers currently used.
Therefore it is possible that the whole genome is represented as
DNA fragments in the blood or even as an entire genomic molecule.
The most simplistic explanation for the presence of this DNA is
that it reflects the breakdown (e.g., apoptosis) of some infected
cells containing the proviral DNA in a latent state. This would
imply that after antiretroviral treatment, these cells die and
constitute a reservoir large enough to be continuously refilled by
new living cells. A priori, there is no reason that such cells,
unless they express some HIV proteins recognized by cytotoxic T
cells, will be destroyed by the immune reactions.
[0041] Possibly the DNA detected represents forms of unintegrated
HIV DNA. Various circular DNA forms have been described during HIV
infection in vitro and in vivo. Sharkey et al. have even described
the persistence of episomal forms of HIV DNA in some patients
treated by antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral RNA in
their blood. However their study was focalized in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMC). However, our study could not detect HIV
DNA in PBMC, indicating it comes from other cell types and tissues.
Another possible theory is that the antiretroviral therapy works
efficiently to prevent reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA
and therefore blocks any productive infection of susceptible cells.
However it will not prevent DNA-DNA replication in a non-integrated
state. In other words, the ART treatment pushed the virus towards
an alternate way of replication, probably minor and depending on a
cellular DNA polymerase, but sufficient to maintain the viral
genetic information as unintegrated viral DNA and able to resume
the normal viral cycle if ART is interrupted for any reason.
[0042] The DNA found in the blood circulation would then be a
by-product of this DNA. The cells and tissues in which this DNA
replication occurs have not been identified. This theory, if
correct, would have some important implications for the eradication
of HIV infection. If specific inhibitors can target this episomal
replication, without damaging the cellular processes, a complete
elimination of the HIV reservoir might be achieved and therefore
eradication of HIV infection.
[0043] Experiments have indicated that this detection also applies
at the scale of the human body: the same EMS has been detected in
the plasma and in the DNA extracted from the plasma of patients
suffering of Alzheimer, Parkinson disease, multiple Sclerosis and
Rheumatoid Arthritis.
[0044] The physical nature of the nanostructures which support the
EMS resonance remains to be determined. It is known from the very
early X-ray diffraction studies of DNA that water molecules are
tightly associated with the double helix, and any beginner in
molecular biology knows that DNA in water solution forms gels
associating a larger number of water molecules. Moreover, a number
of physical studies have reported that water molecules can form
long polymers of dipoles associated by hydrogen bonds (Ruan et al.,
2004; Wernet el al., 2004). However these associations appear to be
very short-lived (Cowan et al., 2005).
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Measurement of Electromagnetic Signals
[0045] The plasma or DNA solution [1-4 ng/ml] is dissolved in
Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) at the concentration of 10.sup.-2,
then filtered on Millipore 0.45 micrometer filter and the filtrate
is refiltered on Anotop Whatman filter of 20 nanometer porosity.
The filtrate is then diluted in distilled water in 1.5 ml Eppendorf
conical plastic tubes in serial 1 part sample:9 parts diluent
[decimal] dilutions ranging from 10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.-15 and
strongly agitated on a vortex for at least 15 seconds.
[0046] Plasma is prepared by centrifugation of heparinized blood of
patients presenting with conditions of: 1) Asymptomatic, untreated;
2) Symptomatic, not yet treated, with high virus load; or 3)
Symptomatic, treated by antiretroviral therapy with no detectable
virus load by commercial kits (<200 RNA copies/ml).
[0047] EMS was only detected in the plasma of the third category
(30 out of 30), in plasma dilutions ranging from 10.sup.-5 to
10.sup.-8. Results with the two first categories were generally
negative, with the exception of one untreated AIDS patient.
[0048] The conditions of preparation and storage of the plasma
sample was determined for optimizing the capture of EMS. The plasma
had to be kept unfrozen, preferentially stored at +4.degree. C.
Freezing and storing at -20.degree. C. or -80.degree. C. destroyed
their capacity to produce EMS, unless DNA was extracted, the
primary source of the signals.
[0049] Serum taken from the clotted blood was also negative,
whether kept at +4.degree. C. or frozen. Heating the diluted
10.sup.-2 plasma at 65.degree. C. for one hour also inactivated or
reduced significantly the EMS.
Example 2
The Decay with Time of EMS Production in Plasma Stored at
+4.degree. C.
[0050] The capacity to emit EMS in plasma can last for several
days, sometimes for several weeks of storage, indicating a relative
stability of the nanostructures that emit EMS in the plasma
proteinic environment. In vitro studies indicated that filtration
of the plasma (usually at the 1/100 dilution in PBS or saline)
through 20 nM filters was a prerequisite for detecting the signals
in further dilutions of water. In some rare cases, weaker signals
can be detected at lower dilutions after filtration through 100 nM
porosity filters. Positive signals were usually found in the range
of the 10.sup.-3 to 10.sup.-9 dilutions.
Example 3
Evidence that Positive Signals Come from DNA
[0051] Experiments were conducted to determine if nucleic acids
carrying the genetic information for HIV, either residual viral RNA
or proviral DNA, could be the sources of signals in the plasma of
infected patients. Three groups of patients: infected and not
treated in the asymptomatic stage; infected and not treated in the
symptomatic stages; and infected and treated with ART with no
detectable viral load.
[0052] Plasma was diluted 1/100 in PBS and the nucleic acids were
extracted by the phenol-chloroform method. The solution was
precipitated with ethanol and the precipitates were solubilized in
water. The solution was filtered through a 20 nM filter at a
concentration ranging from 1 ng/ml to 4 ng/ml.
[0053] EMS emissions were detected only in the group of patients
treated by antiretroviral therapy and having an undetectable virus
load. The signals were produced in the same range of aqueous
dilutions than fresh plasma. Filtration of the original solution
(1/100 dilution) and vortex agitation of each of the further
aqueous dilutions was necessary in order to capture the EMS
emission.
[0054] Treatment by RNase (10 g/ml, 1 hour at 37.degree. C.) of the
original solution had no effect. This suggested that DNA, rather
than viral RNA, was involved in EMS production. Confirmation was
obtained by DNase inactivation. However this only occurred if the
sample, which previously had EMS, was frozen and thawed before the
DNase treatment. If the sample was not frozen, then the sample
would continue to have EMS after DNase treatment. It is believed
that nanostructures previously induced by the DNA in the water
remain after DNase treatment, if they have not been eliminated by
freezing or other treatments that are known to eliminate EMS
emitting from samples. However DNA molecules are not affected by
freezing and the DNA can re-induce the water nanostructures after
the specimen is thawed. The experimental protocol and results are
shown in the following table.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 DNA Solution, filtered 450 nM, then 20 nM, 2
ng/ml Control +RNase (10 .mu.g/m1) +DNase (10 U/.mu.g) untreated 10
mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 pH 7.4, pH 7.4
37.degree. C./2 hours 37.degree. C./2 hours .dwnarw. Freezing
-20.degree. C./2 hours .dwnarw. EMS positive positive negative
Range D5-D9 D5-D9 of dilutions
[0055] Plasma, plasma DNA and erythrocyte DNA were obtained from
patients or individuals in different conditions: 1) naive
(untreated) positive patients at the asymptomatic stage; 2) naive
patients with full blown AIDS and high virus load; 3) AIDS patients
treated by antiretroviral therapy (usually 2 nucleosidic reverse
transcriptase inhibitors and 1 non nucleosidic reverse
transcriptase inhibitor or 1 protease inhibitor) and having
undetectable virus load (viral RNA copy number inferior to 40 /ml
of blood) and 4) uninfected controls. At least 10 patients of each
group were tested.
[0056] The third group was the only one that showed positive
electromagnetic signals, both in fresh plasma or in DNA extracted
from frozen plasma. The DNA extracted from the erythrocyte pellet
(probably containing some nucleated cells such as granulocytes) was
also positive.
[0057] If the treated patient still had a high viral load upon
treatment, only the plasma DNA was positive. This was also the case
of pregnant women treated by viral inhibitors in the last trimester
of their pregnancy.
[0058] No untreated patient was positive in any of the three
fractions: plasma DNA, red cell pellet DNA, and leukocyte layer
DNA.
[0059] The DNA was identified as representative of HIV DNA by the
following:
[0060] using an infectious HIV DNA clone, derived from a prototype
laboratory strain, and
[0061] (HIV 1 Lai) containing all HIV genes, electromagnetic
signals were detected from water solution in the same range of
dilutions.
[0062] Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primers were used
for the different gene sequences of HIV DNA (LTR, Pol, Env, Nef)
these sequences were amplified from the DNA of patients positive
for the electromagnetic signals. After a second round of
amplification (nested PCR), these solutions induced the signals at
similar dilutions as the whole DNA.
[0063] It also was noted that some specific sequences (LTR and to a
lower extent Net) were detected by RT-PCR (using reverse
transcriptase as first polymerase), which resulted in a higher
sensitivity.
[0064] Additionally, the obtained DNA bands were of higher
intensity and increased sensitivity (10.times.-100.times.) when the
DNA dilution to be used for amplification was thoroughly vortexed
in the same manner as used for preparations used to detect the
electro-magnetic signals (EMS).
[0065] RNase treatment of the DNA before RT-PCR (10 g/ml, 2 hours,
37.degree. C.) did not affect the results. This observation
indicated that the reverse transcriptase was not using RNA, but a
DNA template or another template as yet unidentified.
[0066] The detection of HIV DNA only in patients treated with
antiretroviral therapy and having undetectable viral RNA in their
blood indicated that the antiretroviral therapy had modified the
mode of virus replication. It is believed that renewed virus
replication, after the cessation of an antiretroviral therapy,
begins from integrated or unintegrated proviral DNA.
[0067] Therefore, this DNA is an important biomarker of the HIV
reservoir which persists after antiretroviral therapy, which opens
the way for new types of treatment aimed at eradicating the
infection.
Example 4
Location of the Active DNA in Blood Fractions
[0068] The heparinized blood of several HIV+ ART-treated patients
was run on a Ficoll gradient. DNA was extracted from the three main
fractions: plasma (with platelets), white cells layer and the
erythrocyte pellet. Each DNA extract was tested for EMS
emission.
[0069] In all the patients with undetectable virus load, only the
DNA from the plasma and the erythrocyte fractions gave strongly
positive signals. The white cell layer-derived DNA gave no signal
or weak signals. In ART-treated patients with remaining high virus
load, only the plasma-derived DNA was positive.
[0070] Fractionation on Ficoll Gradient
[0071] Peripheral whole blood from patients was collected in
vacutainer tubes containing lithium heparin. 3 ml of whole blood
were diluted with 10 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer and
layered over 3 ml of Ficoll-paque (1.077 g/ml density; Amersham
Biosciences) in 15 ml Leucosep.RTM. tubes and centrifuged at
1000.times.g for 10 min at 4.degree. C. Plasma was removed; the red
blood cell (RBC) pellet and the white blood cells (WBC) were washed
2 times with 10 ml of PBS and centrifuged at 250.times.g.
DNA Extraction
[0072] Plasma DNA, WBC DNA and RBC DNA were extracted by Proteinase
K in the presence of SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and further
deproteinized by phenol-chloroform mixture. The pellet obtained by
ethanol precipitation was resuspended in Tris 10.sup.-2 M, pH 7.6
and an aliquot was diluted 1/100 in water. The dilution (10.sup.-2)
was filtered first through a 450 nM filter and the resulting
filtrate was then filtered again on a 20 nM filter Anotop
(Whatman). The filtrate was further diluted in serial decimal
(i.e., 1:9) dilutions in water.
Detection of EMS
[0073] The filtrates from plasma were analyzed just after
filtration for production of electromagnetic waves of low
frequency. A device was used that been previously designed by
Benveniste and Coll (1996; 2003) (incorporated by reference) for
the detection of signals produced by isolated molecules endowed
with biological activity. Briefly, 100 nM or 20 nM filtrates are
serially diluted 1 in 10 (0.1+0.9 in sterile water (medical grade).
The first 2 dilutions (1/10 and 1/100) were done in serum-free RPMI
medium, in order to avoid eventual protein precipitation in
deionized water. Each dilution was done in 1.5 mL Eppendorf plastic
tubes, which are then tightly stoppered and strongly agitated on a
Vortex apparatus for at least 2 seconds, up to 15 seconds or more.
This step has been found important for the generation of signals.
After all dilutions have been made (generally 15-20, 1:10
dilutions), the stoppered tubes were read one by one.
[0074] EMS Measurement
[0075] To capture and analyze the EMS, a coil, bobbin of copper
wire, was used and connected to a Sound Blaster Card itself
connected to a laptop computer, preferentially powered by its 12
volt battery. Each emission was recorded twice for 6 seconds,
amplified 500 times and processed with different softwares for
visualization of the signals on the computer's screen. The main
harmonics of the complex signals were analyzed by utilizing several
softwares of Fourier transformation.
[0076] In each experiment, the internal noise generated by the
different pieces of the reading system was first recorded (coil
alone, coil with a tube filled with water). Fourier analysis shows
that the noise was predominantly composed of very low frequencies,
probably generated at least in part by the 50/60 Hz ambient
electric current. The use of the 12 V battery for the computer
power supply did reduce, but not abolish this noise, which was
found to be necessary for the induction of the resonance signals
from the specific nanostructures. When dilutions of the HIV virus
filtrate were recorded for wave emission, the first obvious
phenomenon observed was an increase of the overall amplitude of the
signals at certain dilutions over the background noise and also an
increase in frequencies. This change was abolished if the tube to
be analyzed was placed inside a box sheltered with sheets of copper
and mumetal. Fourier analysis of the HIV virus signals showed a
shift towards higher frequencies close to 1000 Hz and multiples of
it. Profiles were identical for all the dilutions showing an
increase in amplitude. The first low dilutions were usually
negative, showing the background noise only. Positive signals were
usually obtained at dilutions ranging from 10.sup.-5 to 10.sup.-8
or 10.sup.-12. Higher dilutions were again negative. The positive
dilutions varied according to the type of filtration, the 20 nM
filtrate being generally positive at dilutions higher than those of
the 100 nM filtrate. The original unfiltered suspension was
negative at all dilutions, a phenomenon observed for all
preparations analyzed.
Nature of the HIV Sequences at the Origin of EMS
[0077] It was determined from previous experiments that a single
gene or even a fragment of a gene was sufficient to produce the
EMS. Therefore an infectious DNA clone of HIV was used to test for
EMS. The infectious DNA clone of HIV had been previously
constructed from HIV LAI to determine which part of the viral
genome was at the origin of EMS. To this end, some specific primers
were designed for sorting out the main sequences corresponding to
the different structural and regulatory genes of HIV, including
LTR, Pol, Gag, Env, Nef, and Vif.
[0078] The amplicons and secondary amplicons resulting from
nested-PCR were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and yielded
the expected fragment sizes. The DNA bands were extracted and
purified, and assayed for EMS production at different dilutions. As
a control, the entire HIV DNA genome isolated from a plasma was
also tested and found positive for EMS. Several sequences (LTR, Nef
and Env) were found to be a source of EMS.
[0079] The same primers were used to detect specific sequences in
the DNA extracted from the plasma or the red blood cell pellet of
the positive patients. The amplified LTR DNA fragment, visualized
as a band of 104 bp by nested PCR, was constantly found in all
preparations, followed infrequently by Nef and Env amplified
fragments. Sequencing of the LTR band confirmed its HIV origin with
99% identity with the prototype HIV DNA (2 nucleotide differences
out of 104). Interestingly, a higher sensitivity of detection was
obtained by the use of reverse transcriptase (RT) before the use of
the Taq polymerase in the PCR reaction.
[0080] However this reaction was not affected by prior RNAse
treatment, indicating that a DNA template, not RNA, was also used
by the RT enzyme.
[0081] In addition when aqueous dilutions were tested, a 10 to 100
time increase (1 to 2 decimal dilutions) of sensitivity was
obtained, when each dilution was strongly agitated by vortex, as
done for the detection of EMS.
Example 5
Increased Sensitivity of PCR
[0082] A method was developed that increases the sensitivity of PCR
by 10 to 100 times over the current PCR technique, A sample
containing DNA is filtered, and then serially diluted by 1/10 [1
part sample to 9 parts diluent] at each step in the dilution cycle
which includes vigorous vortexing of the current dilution before
proceeding to the next dilution in the series.
[0083] Another aspect of the method, which can be combined with the
vigorous vortexing of the sample, is to treat the sample with an
RNase. The sample is first filtered and then treated with an RNase.
After the RNase treatment, the sample is processed as described
above with serial dilutions (1 part sample to 9 parts diluent) with
vigorous vortexing between each serial dilution.
[0084] Vigorous vortexing is defined as more than mere the quick
vortexing done with samples in a laboratory. The vortexing should
be sustained for several seconds to ten's of seconds. Samples in
the experiments were routinely vortexed for 15 seconds or more, and
this vortexing was repeated after each dilution. The vigorous
vortexing of the diluted sample is important in obtaining the
increased sensitivity. The vigorous vortexing of the sample is
believed to cause the DNA to induce nanostructures. The samples can
be analyzed with PCR, nested-PCR, RT-PCR, or nested-RT-PCR.
PCR Primers
[0085] PCR primer sequences were retrieved from the online Primer
Bank data base, These primers were synthesized at the Molecular
Biology Core Facility, Massachusetts General Hospital. Both UV
absorbance and capillary electrophoresis were used to assess the
quality of primer synthesis.
[0086] One-step reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR experiments were
performed with the Mastercycler.RTM. ep (Eppendorf). A 50 .mu.l RT
reaction included 25 .mu.l of 2xRT-PCR buffer, 16.6 .mu.l of
nuclease-free-water, 0.4 .mu.l of 25 mM of each deoxynucleoside
triphosphate (dNTPs), 1 .mu.l of 50 .mu.M of each appropriate
primer (Invitrogen), 1-4 ng/ml of total DNA and 1 .mu.l of iScript
RT (BioRad). The RT-PCR mixtures were pre-heated at 42.degree. C.
for 30 minutes (RT step) followed by 1 cycle (inactivation and
denaturation step) at 95.degree. C. for 3 minutes, followed by 42
PCR cycles of amplification (95.degree. C. for 30 seconds;
56.degree. C. for 30 seconds; 78.degree. C. for 2 minutes). A final
extension step was performed at 78.degree. C. for 10 minutes.
[0087] The PCR mixture (50 .mu.l) contained 29.4 .mu.l of
nuclease-water-free, 5 .mu.l of 10.times. Taq PCR buffer, 8 .mu.l
of 25 mM MgCl.sub.2, 0.4 .mu.l of 25 mM dNTPs, 1 .mu.l of 50 .mu.M
of each appropriate primer, 5 .mu.l of RT-PCR product and 1 .mu.l
of 5 U/.mu.l Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen).
[0088] The PCR was performed with the Mastercycler.RTM. ep
(Eppendorf). The PCR mixtures were pre-heated at 95.degree. C. for
3 minutes (inactivation and denaturation step), followed by 42 PCR
cycles of amplification (95.degree. C. for 30 seconds; 56.degree.
C. for 30 seconds; 78.degree. C. for 2 minutes). A final extension
step was performed at 78.degree. C. for 10 minutes.
[0089] Specific internal primers were used for the second round of
amplification [nested-PCR].
[0090] The amplification products were separated on a 1.2% Agarose
gel electrophoresis/EtBr gel and visualized using a Molecular
Imager.RTM. Gel Doc.TM. XR System (BioRad).
Infected CEM Cells
[0091] In vitro experiments were set up in which CEM cells were
infected with a prototype HIV-1 strain, HIV LAI. Prior to the
experiments, cells and infecting virus were first checked for
mycoplasma contamination by using a highly sensitive PCR technology
based on 16 s ribosomal RNA. Traces of Mycoplasma arginini were
found only in control CEM cells, but no electromagnetic signals
(EMS) could be detected in the culture supernatant of such
cells.
[0092] By contrast, EMS was detected in dilutions of the culture
supernatant of the HIV-infected cells, when the cytopathic effect
was obvious. Filtration through 20 nM filters was found to be
necessary to detect the EMS, indicating that the source of the EMS
was smaller than this size and therefore smaller than the intact
virus particles whose diameter range between 100 to 120 nM.
[0093] The density of such particles was evaluated by centrifuging
to equilibrium an aliquot of the infected CEM supernatant on a
sucrose density gradient with conditions where HIV virions form a
sharp band at the density of 1.16.
[0094] By contrast, the nanoparticles producing the EMS were
associated with fractions ranging in densities from 1.15 to 1.25. A
longer time of centrifugation used to improve the density
equilibrium did not modify this profile.
Analysis of Dilutions Versus EMS Emission
[0095] The lower dilutions, which logically should contain a larger
number of signal-producing structures, were "silent". When 0.1 mL
of a negative low dilution (e.g. 10.sup.-3) was added to 0.4 mL or
0.9 mL of a positive dilution (10.sup.-8), the latter became
negative. This indicated that the "silent" low dilutions were
self-inhibitory, probably by interference of the multiple sources
emitting in the same wave length or slightly out of phase, like a
radio jamming. Alternatively, the abundance of nanostructures can
form a gel in water and therefore are prevented to vibrate.
Influence of Order of Reading Samples to Emitting EMS
[0096] The results were independent of the order in which the
samples were read, whether in descending dilutions from to the
lowest to the highest or in ascending dilutions from the highest to
the lowest. Diluted samples placed in a random order (labels
unknown to the person reading the samples) indicated the same range
of positive dilutions was detected, if each tube was well separated
from the other, to avoid their "cross talk". The results also were
independent of the location of the reading site. Even though the
background noise was variable, according to the location and time
of recording (generally higher in large cities than in isolated
areas), positive signals were always clearly differentiated over
the background by higher frequency peaks.
Nature of the Aqueous Nanostructures:
[0097] Treatments by RNAse A (Promega, 1 .mu.g/ml, 37.degree. C., 1
hour), DNase I (Invitrogen, 10 U/.mu.g DNA, 37.degree. C., 18
hours), Lysozyme (Fisher, 1 mg/mL, 37.degree. C., 10 minutes),
Proteinase K (Promega, 0.12 mg/mL, in 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate,
56.degree. C., 1 hour) did not suppress the EMS producing activity
of the "loud" dilutions nor did activate the "silent" dilutions.
However, heating at 70.degree. C. for 30 minutes suppressed
irreversibly the activity, as well as did freezing for 1 hour at
-20.degree. C. or -60.degree. C. DMSO (10%), and formamide (10%)
had no effect. Treatment with lithium cations, known to affect the
hydrogen bonding of water molecules, was able to reduce the
intensity of the signals, while the range of the positive dilutions
remained unchanged.
Nature of the Origin of the Nanostructures:
[0098] In preliminary experiments, it had been observed that a
pretreatment of a suspension of bacteria did not alter its capacity
to induce the electromagnetic signals, even though it killed the
virus. This treatment degraded the viral RNA without attacking
double-helical DNA. This suggested that the source of the signals
may be the DNA itself. Likewise, DNA extracted from HIV infected
samples by the classical phenol: chloroform technique was able upon
filtration and appropriate dilutions in water to emit EMS similar
to those produced by HIV virus under the same conditions. DNAse
treatment of the extracted DNA solution abolishes its capacity to
emit signals, at the condition that the nanostructures previously
induced by the DNA are destroyed.
Sample Analysis
[0099] A sample was treated by Proteinase K in the presence of SDS
(sodium dodecyl sulfate) and further deproteinized by
phenol-chloroform mixture. The pellet obtained by ethanol
precipitation was resuspended in Tris 10.sup.-2 M, pH 7.6 and an
aliquot was diluted 1/100 in water. The dilution (10.sup.-2) was
filtered first through a 450 nM filter and the resulting filtrate
was then filtered again on a 20 nM filter. The filtrate was further
diluted in serial 1:10 dilutions in water as previously described.
As for the intact microorganisms, the filtration step was found to
be essential for detection of the EMS in the DNA dilutions. In its
absence, no signals could be detected at any dilutions. In contrast
to the HIV viral suspension, where the filtration was supposed to
retain DNA, the filtration at 20 nM did not retain the DNA, which
was still present in the filtrate, as measured by optical density.
In the case of DNA, the role of the 20 nM filtration is probably to
dissociate the network of nanostructures organized in a gel-like
liquid crystal at high concentrations in water, allowing their
dispersion in further dilutions. The dilutions positive for EMS
were in the same range that those observed for the viral
suspensions, generally between 10.sup.-7 to 10.sup.-13.
DNA Content of Dilutions
[0100] At the high dilution of 10.sup.-9, calculations indicated
that there is no DNA molecule of MW larger than 10.sup.5 in the
solution, making it unlikely that the EMS were produced directly by
the DNA itself, but rather by the self-sustained nanostructures
induced by the DNA. Further demonstration that the EMS produced
came from DNA was shown by their disappearance after DNAse
treatment. This inactivation was however only complete when the
nanostructures induced in the DNA solution which were themselves
resistant to DNAse were previously fully destroyed. This
destruction was obtained either by freezing the DNA solution at
-20.degree. C. for 1 hour or heating it at 90.degree. C. for 30
minutes. After slow cooling to allow the heated DNA to reanneal,
DNAse 1 at a final concentration of 10 U/.mu.g of DNA was added and
the mixture was incubated at 37.degree. C. for 18 hours in the
presence of 5 mM of MgCl.sub.2. An aliquot of the untreated DNA
solution was kept as a positive control. The DNAse-treated
preparation was found completely devoid of EMS emission at any
dilution. Treatment of the DNA solution by a restriction enzyme
acting at many sites did not suppress the production of EMS,
suggesting that this emission was linked to rather short sequences
or was associated with rare sequences.
Nature of the DNA Sequences at the Origin of the EMS:
[0101] It is believed that the DNA able to generate EMS suggests
that this DNA is associated with pathogenicity in humans and other
animals. By contrast, good viruses are probably negative for EMS
emission. This suggested that only some sequences of DNA were at
the origin of the EMS, since pathogenicity was often associated
with the capacity of the microorganism to bind eukaryotic cells,
particularly mucosal cells. The disclosed methods and compositions
can be used either manually by a technician in a laboratory or can
be combined into an automatic analyzer of blood, body fluids,
tissue and cells from people and, animals in general, to detect a
reservoir virus infection in subjects not showing a viral load.
Automatic analysis of samples from people by a laboratory machine
is contemplated by this disclosure. Additionally, it is
contemplated that a scanner could be used to detect a viral
infection by a non-invasive technique (e.g., placing a palm or
finger on a scanner plate) to detect the EMS emitted by an EMS
generating entity associated with that disease. Although, the HIV
virus has been used to demonstrate the production of EMS from
pathogenic viruses, other pathogenic viruses (e.g., influences and
HPV) can be used with the disclosed methods, compositions and
apparatuses. Other embodiments of the invention include:
[0102] A method for detecting electromagnetic waves derived from a
polynucleotide, such as viral DNA, comprising: extracting and
purifying nucleic acids from a sample; diluting the extracted
purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; measuring a low
frequency electromagnetic emission over time from the diluted
extracted purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; performing
a signal analysis of the low frequency electromagnetic emission
over time; and producing an output, based on the signal analysis,
in dependence on the DNA in the sample. Advantageously, this method
involves one in which the output varies in dependence on DNA in the
sample derived from a pathogenic virus in plasma of a patient
suffering from a chronic disease. The viral DNA may be extracted
from a biological or physiological sample including tissue, cells,
blood, feces, urine, saliva, tears, seminal fluid, sweat, vaginal
fluids of a subject, particularly of a subject having or suspected
of having a viral infection. The sample may also be extracted from
a source external to the subject such as from food or potable water
or from an environmental sample. In some embodiments, a DNA sample
will be extracted from a sample that has been previously stored,
lyophilized, or frozen and stored at a temperature between about
-20.degree. C. and -70.degree. C.
[0103] The polynucleotide, preferably DNA, may be extracted and
purified by diluting the sample with an aqueous buffer and mixing;
degrading protein in the diluted sample; precipitating DNA from the
buffer solution; and resuspending the precipitated DNA in an
aqueous solution. This method may further comprise filtering the
resuspended DNA through at least one submicron filter, wherein the
sample measured comprises the filtrate. The sample may be made by
diluting the filtrate in an aqueous solution prior to measuring,
for example, dilution of a resuspended DNA to a concentration of
10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.-20 of its concentration prior to
measurement.
[0104] The measuring in such a method may comprise placing the
diluted extracted purified nucleic acids near an antenna adapted to
receive electromagnetic signals having a frequency approaching
about 0 Hz, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19 kHz and up to and including 20 kHz, and receiving the
electromagnetic signals from the antenna.
[0105] The method as described above may employ signal analysis
which comprises performing a time domain to frequency domain
transformation on the signal and which may further comprise
comparing frequency domain transformed signals from two different
samples. Signal analysis may also be performed by applying a
threshold function to the frequency domain transformed signal. Such
signal analysis can be implemented on a general purpose computer
and said output is presented through a graphic user interface.
Signal analysis may comprise, be determined as, or be displayed as
three-dimensional histogram. Background noise reduction may be
performed as a part of the signal analysis.
[0106] The signal analysis preferably comprises analysis of signal
components having frequencies between about 1-20,000 Hz and/or
employs a diluting step which dilutes the polynucleotide, such as
DNA, to about 10.sup.-7 to 10.sup.-13 of its original
concentration.
[0107] Another embodiment of the invention is a composition
comprising a filtered, vortexed, diluted sample of a
polynucleotide, such as DNA, preferably DNA from a pathogenic virus
such as a HIV, wherein the filtered, vortexed, diluted sample of
DNA has a detectable electromagnetic signal.
[0108] The invention also involves a method of detecting an animal
having an infection by a pathogen or pathogenic particle comprising
placing a body part of an animals on an EMS detecting device,
measuring the EMS from the body part, analyzing the EMS, and
determining if the EMS corresponds to an EMS produced by a
pathogenic particle.
[0109] Alternatively, a pathogenic infection in an animal may be
detected by a process comprising a) obtaining a body fluid from an
animal, b) filtering the body fluid to obtain a filtered body
fluid, c) vortexing the filtered body fluid, d) diluting the
filtered body fluid in step b) by a factor of at least 1:9,
preferably diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9, e) measuring
an EMS from the diluted body fluid in step d), f) analyzing the
EMS, and g) determining if the EMS corresponds to an EMS produced
by a pathogenic particle. In such a method steps c) and d) are
repeated at least one time, twice or more than two times.
[0110] The invention in another aspect involves a method of
detecting an animal with a pathogenic infection comprising the
steps of: a) obtaining a body fluid from an animal, b) filtering
the body fluid to obtain a filtered body fluid, c) serial diluting
of the filtered body fluid until obtaining a dilution to test for
EMS; wherein, the serial diluting comprises multiple cycles of:
vortexing the filtered body fluid and diluting the filtered body
fluid by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample
at a dilution of 1:9; d) measuring an EMS from the diluted body
fluid in step d), e) analyzing the EMS, f) determining if the EMS
corresponds to an EMS produced by a pathogenic particle.
[0111] A method of detecting an animal with a pathogenic infection
comprising the steps of: a) obtaining a sample of tissue from an
animal, b) extracting DNA from the sample of tissue from the
animal, c) making a solution containing the DNA from the sample of
tissue from the animal, d) filtering the solution in step c), e)
vortexing the solution in step d), f) diluting the solution in step
e) by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a
dilution of 1:9, g) measuring an EMS from the solution in step f),
h) analyzing the EMS, and i) determining if the EMS corresponds to
an EMS produced by a pathogenic particle. This method may comprise
repeating steps e) and f) at least one time or more than twice.
[0112] A method of detecting an animal with a pathogenic infection
comprising the steps of: a) obtaining a sample of tissue from an
animal, b) extracting DNA from the sample of tissue from the
animal, c) making a solution containing the DNA from the sample of
tissue from the animal, d) filtering the solution in step c), e)
serial diluting of the solution in step c) wherein, the serial
diluting comprises multiple cycles of: vortexing the filtered body
fluid and diluting the filtered body fluid by a factor of at least
1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9; g)
measuring an EMS from the solution in step f), h) analyzing the
EMS, and i) determining if the EMS corresponds to an EMS produced
by a pathogenic particle.
[0113] A method of detecting an animal with a pathogenic infection
comprising the steps of: a) obtaining a sample of cells from an
animal, b) extracting DNA from the sample of cells from the animal,
c) making a solution containing the DNA from the sample of cells
from the animal, d) filtering the solution in step c), e) vortexing
the solution in step d), f) diluting the solution in step e) by a
factor of at least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a
dilution of 1:9, g) measuring an EMS from the solution in step f),
h) analyzing the EMS, i) determining if the EMS corresponds to an
EMS produced by a pathogenic particle. This method may comprise
repeating steps e) and f) at least one time, twice or more than
twice.
[0114] A method of detecting an animal with a pathogenic infection
comprising the steps of: a) obtaining a sample of cells from an
animal, b) extracting DNA from the sample of cells from the animal,
c) making a solution containing the DNA from the sample of cells
from the animal, d) filtering the solution in step c), e) serial
diluting of the solution in step d) wherein, the serial diluting
comprises multiple cycles of: vortexing the filtered body fluid and
diluting the filtered body fluid by a factor of at least 1:9,
preferably diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9; f) measuring
an EMS from the solution in step f), g) analyzing the EMS, and h)
determining if the EMS corresponds to an EMS produced by a
pathogenic particle.
[0115] A method of increasing the sensitivity of PCR comprising the
steps of: a) obtaining a sample to be analyzed by PCR, b) filtering
the sample, c) vortexing the sample, d) diluting the sample by a
factor of at least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a
dilution of 1:9, e) analyzing diluted sample with PCR. This method
may involve repeating steps c) and d) at least one time or more
than twice.
[0116] A method of increasing the sensitivity of PCR comprising the
steps of: a) obtaining a sample to be analyzed by PCR, b) filtering
the sample, c) serial diluting of the sample until obtaining a
dilution to test for EMS; wherein, the serial diluting comprises
multiple cycles of: vortexing the filtered body fluid and diluting
the filtered body fluid at a dilution of at least 1:9, preferably
diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9; d) diluting the sample at
a dilution of at least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a
dilution of 1:9, and e) analyzing diluted sample with PCR.
[0117] A method to increase the sensitivity of PCR to detect HIV
comprising: obtaining a sample from an animal, filtering the
sample, treating filtered sample with an RNase, vortexing the
sample, diluting the sample by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably
diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9, and analyzing diluted
sample with PCR, nested-PCR, RT-PCR, or nested-RT-PCR; or
combinations thereof. The steps of vortexing and diluting may be
performed once, twice or repeated more than twice.
[0118] A method to increase the sensitivity of PCR to detect HIV
comprising: obtaining a sample from an animal, filtering the
sample, treating the filtered sample with an RNAse; serial diluting
of the filtered sample body fluid until obtaining a dilution to
test for EMS; wherein, the serial diluting comprises multiple
cycles of: vortexing the filtered body fluid and diluting the
filtered body fluid by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably
diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9; vortexing the sample,
diluting the sample by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably
diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9, and analyzing diluted
sample with PCR, nested-PCR, RT-PCR, or nested-RT-PCR; or
combinations thereof.
[0119] A method to detect reservoir HIV virus comprising: obtaining
a sample of body fluid from an animal, filtering the sample,
vortexing the sample, diluting the sample at a dilution of at least
1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9, measuring
an EMS from the diluted sample, analyzing the EMS, and determining
if the EMS corresponds to HIV virus. The steps of vortexing and
diluting may be performed once, twice or repeated more than
twice.
[0120] A method to detect reservoir HIV virus comprising: obtaining
a sample of body fluid from an animal, filtering the sample, serial
diluting of the sample until obtaining a dilution to test for EMS;
wherein, the serial diluting comprises multiple cycles of:
vortexing the filtered body fluid and diluting the filtered body
fluid by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample
at a dilution of 1:9; measuring an EMS from the diluted sample,
analyzing the EMS, and determining if the EMS corresponds to HIV
virus.
[0121] A method to detect reservoir HIV virus comprising: obtaining
a sample of body fluid from an animal, filtering the sample,
treating filtered sample with an RNase, vortexing the sample,
diluting the sample by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably
diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9, and analyzing diluted
sample with RT-PCR. The steps of vortexing and diluting may be
performed once, twice or repeated more than twice.
[0122] A method to detect reservoir HIV virus comprising: obtaining
a sample of body fluid from an animal, filtering the sample,
treating filtered sample with an RNAse, serial diluting of the
filtered sample with the RNase body until obtaining a dilution to
test for EMS; wherein, the serial diluting comprises multiple
cycles of: vortexing the filtered body fluid and diluting the
filtered body fluid by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably
diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9; analyzing diluted sample
with RT-PCR.
[0123] A method to detect reservoir HIV virus comprising: obtaining
a sample of body fluid from an animal, filtering the sample,
treating filtered sample vortexing the sample, diluting the sample
by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a
dilution of 1:9, and analyzing diluted sample using HIV primers
with nested PCR. In this method the steps of vortexing and diluting
can be performed once, twice or are repeated more than twice.
[0124] A method to detect reservoir HIV virus comprising: obtaining
a sample of body fluid from an animal, filtering the sample,
treating filtered sample, serial diluting of the filtered sample
until obtaining a dilution to test for EMS; wherein, the serial
diluting comprises multiple cycles of: vortexing the filtered body
fluid and diluting the filtered body fluid at a dilution of at
least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9;
analyzing diluted sample using HIV primers with nested PCR.
[0125] An apparatus to analyze a sample for a pathogenic infection
comprising: a sample loading device; a sample filtering device; a
sample diluting device; a sample vortexing device; a sample
measuring device for EMS; an EMS analyzer; and a data display
device.
[0126] An apparatus to analyze an animal for a pathogenic infection
comprising: a surface for placing a body part; a measuring device
for EMS; an EMS analyzer; and a data display device.
[0127] An apparatus to analyze cells for a pathogenic infection
comprising: a sample loading device; a sample DNA extraction
device; a sample filtering device; a sample diluting device; a
sample vortexing device; a sample measuring device for EMS; an EMS
analyzer; and a data display device.
[0128] In another aspect, the invention encompasses an apparatus to
analyze a tissue for a pathogenic infection comprising: a sample
loading device; a sample DNA extraction device; a sample filtering
device; a sample diluting device; a sample vortexing device; a
sample measuring device for EMS; an EMS analyzer; and a data
display device.
[0129] Another facet of the invention is a method to determine
efficiency of a treatment for a pathogenic infection in a person
comprising: measuring an EMS in a person corresponding to an EMS
from a pathogenic particle; treating the person with a treatment
for which an efficiency is being determined; measuring an EMS in
the person treated with the treatment; and determining the
relationship between the EMS before treatment and the EMS after
treatment.
[0130] Yet another aspect of the invention is a method to determine
a cure of an HIV infection in a person comprising: measuring an EMS
in a person corresponding to an EMS from a HIV virus; treating the
person with a treatment for which a cure is expected; and not
detecting an EMS in the person corresponding to the EMS from the
HIV virus.
[0131] The invention also relates to a method to treat HIV
comprising: measuring an EMS in a person corresponding to an
EMS-generating particle from a HIV virus; treating the person with
a treatment to eliminate the EMS-generating particle from the HIV
virus.
[0132] A method to decrease an EMS from an EMS emitting sample
comprising: placing an EMS emitting sample next to a non-EMS
emitting sample, and waiting an effective amount of time to
decrease the EMS in the EMS emitting sample.
[0133] A method to induce an EMS in a sample not emitting an EMS
comprising: placing an EMS emitting sample next to a vial
containing a fluid, and waiting an effective amount of time to
induce an EMS in the vial containing the fluid.
[0134] A method of detecting viral DNA in a patient with
undetectable viral RNA comprising: obtaining a sample of body fluid
from a patient, filtering the sample, treating filtered sample with
an RNase, vortexing the sample, diluting the sample by a factor of
at least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9,
and analyzing diluted sample with RT-PCR. This method may employ
the steps of vortexing and diluting being performed once, twice, or
more than twice.
[0135] A method of detecting viral DNA in a patient with
undetectable viral RNA comprising: obtaining a sample of body fluid
from a patient, filtering the sample, treating filtered sample with
an RNase, serial diluting of the filtered sample with the RNase
until obtaining a dilution to test for EMS; wherein, the serial
diluting comprises multiple cycles of: vortexing the filtered body
fluid and diluting the filtered body fluid at a dilution of a least
1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9; and
analyzing diluted sample with RT-PCR.
[0136] A method to assess the eradication of a viral infection by
reduction of viral DNA comprising: measuring an EMS in a person
corresponding to an EMS from a viral DNA; treating the person with
a treatment for which an efficiency is being determined; measuring
an EMS in the person treated with the treatment; and determining
the relationship between the EMS before treatment and the EMS after
treatment. This method may be applied to subjects having viral
infections caused by a HIV, Influenza virus, or other viruses,
especially persistent viruses.
[0137] A method to confirm or detect an EMS generated by a HIV
virus comprising: obtaining a sample from a patient, filtering the
sample, treating filtered sample with an RNase, vortexing the
sample, diluting the sample by a factor of at least 1:9, preferably
diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9, and amplifying the
diluted sample with RT-PCR using a PCR primer for a HIV gene
sequence. This method may be performed using a PCR primer for LTR,
Gag, Env, Tat, Rev, Nef, Vif, Vpr, Vpu, Pol, and/or for double
LTR.
[0138] The invention also is directed to a method to confirm or
detect an EMS generated by a HIV virus comprising: obtaining a
sample from a patient, filtering the sample, treating filtered
sample with an RNase, serial diluting of the filtered sample with
the RNase until obtaining a dilution to test for EMS; wherein, the
serial diluting comprises multiple cycles of: vortexing the
filtered body fluid and diluting the filtered body fluid by a
factor or at least 1:9, preferably diluting the sample at a
dilution of 1:9; and amplifying the diluted sample with RT-PCR
using a PCR primer for a HIV gene sequence. This method also
includes one in which the PCR primer is for LTR, Gag, Env, Tat,
Rev, Nef, Vif, Vpr, Vpu, Pol and/or is for double LTR.
Additional Embodiments of the Disclosed Method
Time Period of Vortexing
[0139] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of
vortexing is at least 1 second. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the time period of vortexing is at least 2 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
at least 3 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
time period of vortexing is at least 4 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 5
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 6 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 7
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 8 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 9
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 10 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 11
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 12 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 13
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 14 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 15
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 16 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 17
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 18 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 19
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 20 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 25
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 30 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 35
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 40 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 45
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at east 50 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 55
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 60 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 90
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 120 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 150
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 180 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is at least 5
minutes. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is at least 10 minutes.
[0140] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of
vortexing is more than 1 second. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the time period of vortexing is more than 2 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
more than 3 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
time period of vortexing is more than 4 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 5
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 6 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 7
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 8 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 9
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 10 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 11
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 12 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 13
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 14 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 15
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 16 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 17
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 18 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 19
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 20 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 25
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 30 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 35
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 40 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 45
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 50 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 55
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 60 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 90
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 120 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 150
seconds, In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 180 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is more than 5
minutes. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is more than 10 minutes.
[0141] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of
vortexing is approximately 1 second. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 2
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 3 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 4
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 5 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 6
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 7 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 8
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 9 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 10
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 11 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 12
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 13 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 14
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 15 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 16
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 17 seconds, In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 18
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 19 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 20
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 25 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 30
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 35 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 40
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 45 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 50
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 55 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 60
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 90 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 120
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 150 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 180
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period
of vortexing is approximately 5 minutes. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is approximately 10
minutes.
[0142] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of
vortexing is 1 second. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the time period of vortexing is 2 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 3 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
4 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 5 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 6 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
7 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 8 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 9 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
10 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 11 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 12 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
13 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 14 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 15 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
16 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 17 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 18 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
19 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 20 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 25 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
30 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 35 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 40 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
45 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 50 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 55 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
60 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 90 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 120 seconds. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing
is 150 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the time
period of vortexing is 180 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the time period of vortexing is 5 minutes. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the time period of vortexing is
10 minutes.
Filtration, Dilution and Vortex Steps
[0143] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
diluted. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
serially diluted. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is diluted in series with the same dilution factor. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is diluted in series
with different dilution factors. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is diluted and then vortexed. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is vortexed and then
diluted.
[0144] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated twice. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated three (3) times. In o embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated five (5) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated six (6) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated eight (8) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated twelve (12) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated thirteen (13) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and these steps are repeated fourteen (14) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated fifteen (15)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated
sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated twenty (20) times.
[0145] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated at least twice. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated at least three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least five
(5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least six (6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated at least seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated at least eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least nine (9) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least ten
(10) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated at least twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated at least thirteen (13) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least fourteen (14)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated at least sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated at least seventeen (17) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated at least twenty (20) times.
[0146] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated more than twice. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated more than three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than four (4)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more
than five (5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated more than six (6) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated more than seven (7) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than eight (8)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more
than nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated more than ten (10) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated more than eleven (11) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than twelve (12)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more
than thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated more than fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
these steps are repeated more than fifteen (15) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than sixteen (16)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more
than seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated more than eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than nineteen (19)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more
than twenty (20) times.
[0147] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated
three (3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated four (4) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated five (5) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated six (6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated eight (8) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated eleven (11)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated thirteen (13) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated fifteen (15) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated seventeen (17) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated nineteen (19) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated twenty (20) times.
[0148] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least twice.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated at least three (3) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least four (4)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least five (5) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least six (6)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least seven (7) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least eight
(8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least nine (9) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least ten (10)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least fifteen (15)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least twenty (20) times.
[0149] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than twice.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated more than three (3) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and
the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than four (4)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than five (5) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than six (6)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than seven (7) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than eight
(8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than nine (9) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than ten
(10) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than eleven (11) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted
and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated
more than fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than fifteen (15)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than twenty (20) times.
Filtration, Vortex and Dilution Steps
[0150] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated twice. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated three (3) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated five (5) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated Six (6) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated eight (8) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated twelve (12) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated thirteen (13) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and these steps are repeated fourteen (14) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated fifteen (15)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated
sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated twenty (20) times.
[0151] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated at least twice. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated at least three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, arid these steps are repeated at least four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least five
(5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least six (6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated at least eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least nine (9) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least ten
(10) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated at least thirteen (13) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least fourteen (14)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated at least seventeen (17) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated at least twenty (20) times.
[0152] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated more than twice. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated more than three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than five
(5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more
than six (6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated more than eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than nine (9) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than ten
(10) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more
than eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the. sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than
fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
these steps are repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than seventeen (17)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more
than eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
the se steps are repeated more than twenty (20) times.
[0153] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated
three (3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated four (4) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated five (5) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated six (6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated eight (8) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated eleven (11)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated thirteen (13) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated fifteen (15) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated seventeen (17) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the; ample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated nineteen (19) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated twenty (20) times.
[0154] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least twice.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least three (3) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least four (4)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least five (5) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least six (6)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least seven (7) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least eight
(8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least nine (9) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least ten (10)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least
fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least fifteen (15) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at
least sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least seventeen (17) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at
least eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least nineteen (19)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least twenty (20) times.
[0155] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than twice.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated more than three (3) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and
the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than four (4)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than five (5) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than six (6)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than seven (7) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than eight
(8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than nine (9) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than ten
(10) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than eleven (11) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than fifteen (15) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than seventeen (17) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is filtered, vortexed
and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than twenty (20) times.
Dilution Step
[0156] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-1. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-2.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted 10.sup.-3. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the EMS is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-4. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted 10.sup.-5. In one, embodiment of the disclosed method the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-7. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-9.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted 10.sup.-10. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-11. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted 10.sup.-12. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-13. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-15. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-16. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-17. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-19. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-20.
[0157] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-1. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-3. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted at least 10.sup.-4. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-5.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least
10.sup.-7. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-8. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-9. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-10. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted at least 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-12.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-13. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least
10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-15. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-16. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-17. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted at least 10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-19.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-20.
[0158] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-1. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
more than 10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-3. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted more than 10.sup.-4. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-5.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than
10.sup.-7. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-8. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
more than 10.sup.-9. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-10. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted more than 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than
10.sup.-12. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-13. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted more than 10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than
10.sup.-15. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-16. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted more than 10.sup.-17. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than
10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-19. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted more than 10.sup.-20.
[0159] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-1. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted approximately 10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-3. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-4. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted approximately 10.sup.-5. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-7. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted approximately 10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-9. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-10. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted approximately 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-12. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-13.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-15. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-16.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-17. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-19.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-20.
Dilution Factor
[0160] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution
factor is 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is 1:2. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the dilution factor is 1:3. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the dilution factor is 1:4. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:5. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:6. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:7. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:8. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:9,
preferably diluting the sample at a dilution of 1:9. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:10. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:11.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
1:12. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is 1:13. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution
factor is 1:14. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is 1:15. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the dilution factor is 1:16. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the dilution factor is 1:17. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:18. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:19. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:20. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:25. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:30.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
1:35. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is 1:40. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution
factor is 1:45. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is 1:50. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the dilution factor is 1:55. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the dilution factor is 1:60. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:65. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:70. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:75. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:80. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is 1:85.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
1:90. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is 1:95. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution
factor is 1:100.
[0161] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution
factor is at least 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the dilution factor is at least 1:2. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is at least 1:3. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is at least
1:4. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is at least 1:5. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is at least 1:6. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the dilution factor is at least 1:7. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the dilution factor is at least 1:8. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is at least
1:9. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is at least 1:10. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is at least 1:11. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is at least 1:12. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is at least
1:13. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is at least 1:14. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is at least 1:15. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is at least 1:16. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is at least
1:17. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is at least 1:18. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is at least 1:19. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is at least 1:20. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is at least
1:25. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is at least 1:30. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is at least 1:35. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is at least 1:40. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is at least
1:45. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is at least 1:50. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is at least 1:55. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is at least 1:60. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is at least
1:65. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is at least 1:70. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is at least 1:75. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is at least 1:80. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is at least
1:85. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is at least 1:90. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is at least 1:95. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is at least 1:100.
[0162] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution
factor is more than 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the dilution factor is more than 1:2. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is more than 1:3. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is more than
1:4. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is more than 1:5. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is more than 1:6. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is more than 1:7. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is more than
1:8. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is more than 1:9. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is more than 1:10. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is more than 1:11. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is more than
1:12. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is more than 1:13. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is more than 1:14. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is more than 1:15. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is more than
1:16. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is more than 1:17. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is more than 1:18. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is more than 1:19. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is more than
1:20. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is more than 1:25. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is more than 1:30. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is more than 1:35. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is more than
1:40. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is more than 1:45. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is more than 1:50. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is more than 1:55. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is more than
1:60. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is more than 1:65. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is more than 1:70. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is more than 1:75. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is more than
1:80. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor
is more than 1:85. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is more than 1:90. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is more than 1:95. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is more than
1:100.
[0163] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution
factor is approximately 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the dilution factor is approximately 1:2. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:3.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:4. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:5. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:6. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:7. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:8. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:9. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:10. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:11. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:12. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:13. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:14. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:15. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:16. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:17. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:18. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:19. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:20. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:25. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:30. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:35. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:40. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:45. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:50. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:55. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:60. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:65. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:70. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:75. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:80. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:85. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the dilution factor is
approximately 1:90. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
dilution factor is approximately 1:95. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the dilution factor is approximately 1:100.
Sample Preparation
[0164] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
unfrozen. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
frozen and then the DNA is extracted from the sample. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is unfrozen and the
DNA is extracted from the sample.
Sample Material
[0165] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
body fluid. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
blood. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
plasma. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
urine. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
sweat. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
tears. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
salvia. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
seminal fluid. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample
is vaginal fluid. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is fecal cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is feces.
[0166] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
tissue. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
cell. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
combination of tissue and cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is red blood cells, In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is white blood cells. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is lymphocytes. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is platelets. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is cells that
centrifuge with red blood cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is skin. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is buccal cells. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is nasal cells. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is hair follicles. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is ectoderm cells. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is endoderm
cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
mesoderm cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is sperm. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is oocytes. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is ovum. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is eggs. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is gametocytes. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is stem cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is cloned cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is derived cells.
[0167] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is body
part. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
hand. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
finger. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is an
eye. In ore embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
hair. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
foot. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is toe.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a face. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a palm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a mouth. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a cheek. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a lip. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is an arm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a leg.
Sample Solution Content
[0168] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
filtered. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and the solution is filtered. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a solution
containing RNA and the solution is filtered.
[0169] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 100 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 95 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 90 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 85 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 80 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 75 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 70 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 65 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 60 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 55 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 50 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 45 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 40 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 35 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 30 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 25 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 20 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 15 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 10 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 5 nm
porosity.
PCR Primers
[0170] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
analyzed with PCR primers. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is analyzed with
a PCR primer of a HIV gene and the HIV gene is Gag. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is analyzed with a
PCR primer of a HIV gene and the HIV gene is Pol. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of
a HIV gene and the HIV gene is Env. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV
gene and the HIV gene is Tat. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene and
the HIV gene is Rev. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene and the HIV gene
is Nef. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene and the HIV gene is Vif.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is analyzed
with a PCR primer of a HIV gene and the HIV gene is Vpr. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is analyzed with a
PCR primer of a HIV gene and the HIV gene is Vpu. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of
a HIV sequence and the HIV sequence is LTR. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a
HIV sequence and the HIV sequence is double LTR. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of
a HIV gene of a HIV variant. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of at least one HIV
gene. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is
analyzed with PCR primers of a combination of HIV genes. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is analyzed with a
PCR primer of a partial nucleotide sequence of the HIV sequence. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the sample is analyzed with
a PCR primer of a nucleotide sequence of the DNA translation of a
HIV RNA.
Viruses
[0171] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus
is the HIV virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
detected virus is the Chickenpox (Varicella) virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus is the Common
cold virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the detected
virus is the Cytomegalovirus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the detected virus is the Colorado tick fever virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus is the Dengue
fever virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the detected
virus is the Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the detected virus is the Hand, foot and mouth
disease virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
detected virus is the Hepatitis virus. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the detected virus is the Herpes simplex virus. In
one embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus is the
Herpes zoster virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
detected virus is the HPV virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the detected virus is the Influenza (Flu) virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus is the Lassa
fever virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the detected
virus is the Measles virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the detected virus is the Marburg hemorrhagic fever virus.
In one embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus is the
Infectious mononucleosis virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the detected virus is the Mumps virus. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the detected virus is the Norovirus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus is the
Poliomyelitis virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
detected virus is the Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus
is the Rabies virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
detected virus is the Rubella virus. In one embodiment of the
disclosed method the detected virus is the SARS virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus is the
Smallpox (Variola) virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the detected virus is the Viral encephalitis virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus is the Viral
gastroenteritis virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the detected virus is the Viral meningitis virus. In one embodiment
of the disclosed method the detected virus is the Viral pneumonia
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the detected virus
is the West Nile disease virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the detected virus is the Yellow fever virus.
Pathogenic Particle
[0172] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the pathogenic
particle is a fungal cell. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the pathogenic particle is a bacteria. In one embodiment of
the disclosed method the pathogenic particle is a virus.
Pathogenic Infection
[0173] In one embodiment of the disclosed method the pathogenic
infection is a fungal infection. In one embodiment of the disclosed
method the pathogenic infection is a bacterial infection. In one
embodiment of the disclosed method the pathogenic infection is a
viral infection.
Embodiments of the Disclosed Composition
Time Period of Vortexing
[0174] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 1 second. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least 2
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 3 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least 4
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 5 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least 6
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 7 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least 8
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 9 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least 10
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 11 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least
12 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 13 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least
14 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 15 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least
16 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 17 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least
18 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 19 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least
20 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 25 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least
30 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 35 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least
40 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 45 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least
50 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 55 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at least
60 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is at least 90 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is zit least
120 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
time period of vortexing is at least 150 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is at
least 180 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the time period of vortexing is at least 5 minutes. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is at least 10 minutes.
[0175] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 1 second. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than 2
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 3 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
4 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 5 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
6 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 7 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
8 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 9 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
10 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 11 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
12 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 13 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
14 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 15 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
16 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 17 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
18 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 19 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
20 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 25 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
30 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 35 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
40 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 45 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
50 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 55 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
60 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is more than 90 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than
120 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
time period of vortexing is more than 150 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is more than 180 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is more than 5
minutes. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the lime
period of vortexing is more than 10 minutes.
[0176] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 1 second. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 2 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 3
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 4 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 5 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 6
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 7 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 8 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 9
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 10 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 11 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 12
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 13 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 14 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 15
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 16 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 17 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 18
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 19 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 20 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 25
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 30 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 35 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 40
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 45 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 50 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 55
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 60 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 90 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 120
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 150 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the time period of vortexing is
approximately 180 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is approximately 5
minutes. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is approximately 10 minutes.
[0177] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the time
period of vortexing is 1 second. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 2 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 3 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 4 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 5 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 6 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 7 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 8 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 9 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 10 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 11 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 12 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 13 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 14 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 15 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 16 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 17 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 18 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 19 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 20 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 25 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 30 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 35 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 40 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 45 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 50 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 55 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 60 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 90 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 120 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 150 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 180 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the time period of
vortexing is 5 minutes. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the time period of vortexing is 10 minutes.
Filtration, Dilution and Vortex Steps
[0178] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
diluted. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is serially diluted. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is diluted in series with the same dilution factor. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is diluted
in series with different dilution factors. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is diluted and then vortexed. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is vortexed
and then diluted.
[0179] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated twice. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated five
(5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated six (6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated eight (8) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated nine (9) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated ten (10) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated eleven
(11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated fifteen (15) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated sixteen (16)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated
seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated twenty (20) times.
[0180] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least three
(3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated at least four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated at least five (5) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least six (6)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, arid these steps are repeated at
least seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated at least eight (8) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least nine (9) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least ten
(10) times.
[0181] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated at least twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least thirteen (13)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated at least fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least sixteen (16) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated at least eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least nineteen (19)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least twenty (20) times.
[0182] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than three
(3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated more than four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated more than five (5) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than six
(6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated more than seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated more than eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than nine
(9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated more than ten (10) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated more than eleven (11) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated more than fourteen (14) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than
fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated more than seventeen (17) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than
eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated more than twenty (20) times.
[0183] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated twice.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated three (3) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated five (5) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated six (6) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated twelve (12) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated fourteen (14) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated sixteen (16) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated eighteen (18) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated twenty (20) times.
[0184] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least twice. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated at least three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated at least four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least five (5)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least s [x (6) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least eight (8) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least nine (9) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least ten (10) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least eleven (11)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least fourteen (14)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least seventeen (17)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least twenty (20)
times.
[0185] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than twice. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated more than three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated more than four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than five
(5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated more than six (6) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated more than seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than eight
(8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated more than nine (9) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated more than ten (10) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than eleven
(11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated more than twelve (12) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than
fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated more than fifteen (15) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than
seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than twenty (20) times.
Filtration, Vortex and Dilution Steps
[0186] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated twice. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed aid diluted, and these steps are repeated four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated five
(5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated six (6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed arid
diluted, and these steps are repeated eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated nine', 9) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated ten
(10) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated fourteen (14) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated fifteen (15)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed arid diluted, and these steps are repeated
sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated twenty (20) times.
[0187] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated at least twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least three
(3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated at least five (5) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least six (6)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated at least eight (8) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated at least nine (9) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least ten
(10) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated at least twelve (12) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least
thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated at least fifteen (15) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least sixteen
(16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated at least eighteen (18) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least
nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least twenty (20) times.
[0188] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated more than twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than three
(3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated more than five (5) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than six
(6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated more than eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than nine
(9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than ten (10) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated more than eleven (11) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated more than fourteen (14) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than
fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated more than seventeen (17) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than
eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated more than twenty (20) times.
[0189] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated twice.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated three (3) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated five (5) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated six (6) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated twelve (12) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated fourteen (14) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated sixteen (16) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated eighteen (18) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated twenty (20) times.
[0190] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least
twice. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least three (3) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least
four (4) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least five (5) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least six (6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and. diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least seven (7) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least eight (8) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least
nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least thirteen (13) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least fifteen
(15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least sixteen (16) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least eighteen
(18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least nineteen (19) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least twenty (20) times.
[0191] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed arid diluted, in that order. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than twice. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated more than four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than five
(5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than six (6) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated more than seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than eight
(8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than nine (9) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated more than ten (10) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than eleven
(11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than twelve (12) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than
fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than fifteen (15) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than
seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than twenty (20) times.
Dilution Step
[0192] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-1. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-3. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-4. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-5. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-7. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-9. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-10. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.11. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-12. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-13. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-15. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-16. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-17. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-19. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-20.
[0193] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-1. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted at least 10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least
10.sup.-3. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-4. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-5. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-7. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-9. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-10. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-12. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-13. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-15. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-16. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-17. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-19. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-2.
[0194] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-1. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample
diluted more than 10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than
10.sup.-3. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-4. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-5. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-7. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-9. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-10. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-12. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-13. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-15. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-16. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-17. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-19. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-20.
[0195] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-1. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-3. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-4. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-5. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-7. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-9. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-10. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-12. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-13. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-15. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-16. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS
is measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-17. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-19. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-20.
Dilution Factor
[0196] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is 1:2. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is 1:3. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is 1:4. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is 1:5. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is 1:6.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor
is 1:7. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is 1:8. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is 1:9. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is 1:10. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is 1:11. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
1:12. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is 1:13. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is 1:14. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is 1:15. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is 1:16. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
1:17. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is 1:18. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is 1:19. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is 1:20. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is 1:25. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
1:30. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is 1:35. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is 1:40. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is 1:45. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is 1:50. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
1:55. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is 1:60. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is 1:65. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is 1:70. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is 1:75. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
1:80. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is 1:85. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is 1:90. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is 1:95. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is 1:100.
[0197] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is at least 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is at least 1:2. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:3.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor
is at least 1:4. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is at least 1:5. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is at least 1:6. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:7.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor
is at least 1:8. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is at least 1:9. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is at least 1:10. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:11.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor
is at least 1:12. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is at least 1:13. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:14. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at
least 1:15. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is at least 1:16. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:17. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at
least 1:18. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is at least 1:19. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:20. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at
least 1:25. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is at least 1:30. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:35. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at
least 1:40. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is at least 1:45. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:50. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at
least 1:55. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is at least 1:60. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:65. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at
least 1:70. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is at least 1:75. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:80. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at
least 1:85. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is at least 1:90. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is at least 1:95. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is at
least 1:100.
[0198] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is more than 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is more than 1:2. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:3.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor
is more than 1:4. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is more than 1:5. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:6. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:7. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:8. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:9. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:10. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:11. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:12. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:13. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:14. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:15. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:16. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:17. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:18. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:19. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:20. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:25. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:30. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:35. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:40. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:45. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:50. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:55. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:60. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:65. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:70. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:75. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:80. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:85. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is more
than 1:90. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
dilution factor is more than 1:95. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is more than 1:100.
[0199] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution
factor is approximately 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:2. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:3. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:4. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:5. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:6. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:7. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:8. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:9. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:10. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:11. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:12. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:13. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:14. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:15. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:16. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:17. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:18. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:19. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:20. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:25. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:30. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:35. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:40. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:45. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:50. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:55. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:60. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:65. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:70. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:75. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:80. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:85. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the dilution factor is approximately 1:90. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the dilution factor is approximately 1:95. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the dilution factor is
approximately 1:100.
Sample Preparation
[0200] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
unfrozen. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is frozen and then the DNA is extracted from the sample. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is unfrozen and
the DNA is extracted from the sample.
Sample Material
[0201] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
a body fluid. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is blood. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is plasma. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is urine. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is sweat. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is tears. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is salvia. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is seminal fluid. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is vaginal fluid. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is fecal cells.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
feces.
[0202] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
a tissue. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is a cell. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is a combination of tissue and cells. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is cells. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is red blood cells. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is white blood
cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
lymphocytes. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is platelets. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is cells that centrifuge with red blood cells. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is skin. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is buccal cells.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is nasal
cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
hair follicles. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is ectoderm cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is endoderm cells. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is mesoderm cells. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is sperm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is oocytes. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is ovum. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is eggs. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
gametocytes. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is stem cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is cloned cells. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is derived cells.
[0203] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
body part. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is a hand. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the sample is a finger. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is an eye. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a hair. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the sample is a foot. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is toe. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is a face. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a palm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a mouth.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a
cheek. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
a lip. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
an arm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is a leg.
[0204] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
filtered. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is a solution containing DNA and the solution is filtered. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing RNA and the solution is filtered.
Sample Solution Content
[0205] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 100 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least
95 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 90 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 85 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least
80 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 75 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 70 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least
65 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 60 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 55 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least
50 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 45 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 40 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least
35 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 30 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 25 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least
20 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 15 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 10 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least
5 nm porosity.
[0206] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is
a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of approximately 100 nm porosity. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing
DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of
approximately 95 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and
the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 90 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 85 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 80 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of
approximately 75 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and
the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 70 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 65 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 60 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of
approximately 55 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and
the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 50 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 45 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 40 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of
approximately 35 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and
the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 30 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 25 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 20 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of
approximately 15 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and
the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 10 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 5 nm porosity.
Particle Size
[0207] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 100 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 95
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 90 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 85
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 80 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 75
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 70 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 65
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 60 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 55
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 50 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 45
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 40 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 35
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 30 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 25
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 20 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 15
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than 10 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than 5
nm.
[0208] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles less than approximately 100 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 95 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 90 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 85 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 80 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 75 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 70 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 65 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 60 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 55 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 50 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 45 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 40 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 35 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 30 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 25 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 20 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 15 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 10 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 5 nm.
[0209] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles not greater than 100 nm. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not
greater than 95 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles not greater than 90 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than 85 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not greater
than 80 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
solution comprises particles not greater than 75 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than 70 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not greater
than 65 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
solution comprises particles not greater than 60 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than 55 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not greater
than 50 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
solution comprises particles not greater than 45 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than 40 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not greater
than 35 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
solution comprises particles not greater than 30 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than 25 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not greater
than 20 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
solution comprises particles not greater than 15 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than 10 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not greater
than 5 nm.
[0210] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles not greater than approximately 100 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than approximately 95 nm. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not
greater than approximately 90 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not greater
than approximately 85 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the solution comprises particles not greater than
approximately 80 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles not greater than approximately 75
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles not greater than approximately 70 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than approximately 65 nm. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not
greater than approximately 60 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not greater
than approximately 55 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the solution comprises particles not greater than
approximately 50 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles not greater than approximately 45
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles not greater than approximately 40 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than approximately 35 nm. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not
greater than approximately 30 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the solution comprises particles not greater
than approximately 25 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the solution comprises particles not greater than
approximately 20 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the solution comprises particles not greater than approximately 15
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution
comprises particles not greater than approximately 10 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the solution comprises
particles not greater than approximately 5 nm.
Viruses
[0211] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected
virus is the HIV virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Chickenpox (Varicella) virus.
In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected virus
is the Common cold virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Cytomegalovirus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected virus is the
Colorado tick fever virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Dengue fever virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected virus is the
Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Hand, foot and mouth disease
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected
virus is the Hepatitis virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Herpes simplex virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected virus is the
Herpes zoster virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the detected virus is the HPV virus. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the detected virus is the Influenza (Flu)
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected
virus is the Lassa fever virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Measles virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected virus is the
Marburg hemorrhagic fever virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Infectious mononucleosis
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected
virus is the Mumps virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Norovirus. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the detected virus is the
Poliomyelitis virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the detected virus is the Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected
virus is the Rabies virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Rubella virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected virus is the
SARS virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
detected virus is the Smallpox (Variola) virus. In one embodiment
of the disclosed composition the detected virus is the Viral
encephalitis virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition
the detected virus is the Viral gastroenteritis virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected virus is the
Viral meningitis virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Viral pneumonia virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed composition the detected virus is the
West Nile disease virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
composition the detected virus is the Yellow fever virus.
Pathogenic Particle
[0212] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
pathogenic particle is a fungal cell. In one embodiment of the
disclosed composition the pathogenic particle is a bacterium. In
one embodiment of the disclosed composition the pathogenic particle
is a virus.
Pathogenic Infection
[0213] In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
pathogenic infection is a fungal infection. In one embodiment of
the disclosed composition the pathogenic infection is a bacterial
infection. In one embodiment of the disclosed composition the
pathogenic infection is a viral infection.
Embodiments of Disclosed Apparatus
Time Period of Vortexing
[0214] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period
of vortexing is at least 1 second. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 2
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 3 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 4
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 5 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 6
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 7 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 8
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 9 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 10
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 11 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 12
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 13 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 14
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 15 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 16
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 17 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 18
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 19 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 20
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 25 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 30
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 35 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 40
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 45 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 50
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 55 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 60
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 90 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least
120 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 150 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least
180 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is at least 5 minutes. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is at least 10
minutes.
[0215] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period
of vortexing is more than 1 second. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than 2
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 3 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than 4
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 5 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than 6
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 7 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than 8
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 9 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
10 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 11 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
12 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 13 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
14 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 15 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
16 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 17 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
18 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 19 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
20 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 25 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
30 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 35 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
40 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 45 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
50 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 55 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
60 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 90 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
120 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 150 seconds. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
180 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is more than 5 minutes. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is more than
10 minutes.
[0216] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period
of vortexing is approximately 1 second. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately 2
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is approximately 3 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is
approximately 4 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately 5 seconds.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is approximately 6 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately 7
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is approximately 8 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is
approximately 9 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately 10 seconds.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is approximately 11 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately
12 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is approximately 13 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is
approximately 14 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately 15 seconds.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is approximately 16 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately
17 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is approximately 18 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is
approximately 19 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately 20 seconds.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is approximately 25 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately
30 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is approximately 35 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is
approximately 40 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately 45 seconds.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is approximately 50 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately
55 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is approximately 60 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is
approximately 90 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately 120
seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is approximately 150 seconds. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is
approximately 180 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is approximately 5 minutes.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is approximately 10 minutes.
[0217] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period
of vortexing is 1 second. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is 2 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing
is 3 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is 4 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is 5 seconds. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is 6 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is 7 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing
is 8 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is 9 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is 10 seconds. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is 11 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is 12 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing
is 13 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
time period of vortexing is 14 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is 15 seconds. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is 16 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is 17 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing
is 18 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
time period of vortexing is 19 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is 20 seconds. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is 25 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is 30 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing
is 35 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
time period of vortexing is 40 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is 45 seconds. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is 50 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is 55 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing
is 60 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
time period of vortexing is 90 seconds. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing is 120 seconds. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of
vortexing is 150 seconds. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the time period of vortexing is 180 seconds. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time period of vortexing
is 5 minutes. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the time
period of vortexing is 10 minutes.
Filtration, Dilution and Vortex Steps
[0218] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
diluted. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
serially diluted. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is diluted in series with the same dilution factor. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is diluted in
series with different dilution factors. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is diluted and then vortexed. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is vortexed and
then diluted.
[0219] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated twice. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated five
(5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated six
(6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated
seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated eight (8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated eleven (11) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated twelve (12)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated
thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated seventeen (17) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated eighteen (18)
times. En one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated
nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated twenty (20) times.
[0220] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least three
(3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least four (4) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated at least five (5) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated at least six (6) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least seven
(7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least eight (8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are
repeated at least nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and these steps are repeated at least ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least eleven
(11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated at least thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least fourteen (14)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated at least sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least seventeen (17)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated at
least eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated at least nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated at least twenty (20)
times.
[0221] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than three
(3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated
more than four (4) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated more than five (5) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than six (6) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than seven
(7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated
more than eight (8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated more than nine (9) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than ten (10) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than eleven
(11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated
more than twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than fourteen (14)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more
than fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is, filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than seventeen (17)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these steps are repeated more
than eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and these
steps are repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and these steps are repeated more than twenty (20)
times.
[0222] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated twice.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated three (3) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated five (5) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated six (6) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated twelve (12) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated fourteen (14) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated sixteen (16) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated eighteen (18) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated twenty (20) times.
[0223] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least twice. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated at least three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated at least four (4) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least five (5)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least six (6) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least seven
(7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least eight (8) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated at least ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated at least eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least fifteen (15)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at least eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated at least nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated at
least twenty (20) times.
[0224] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than twice. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than three (3) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than four (4) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated more than five (5) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated more than six (6) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than seven
(7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than eight (8) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and
vortexed" steps are repeated more than ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are
repeated more than eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed,
and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than fifteen (15)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, arid the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the
"diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more than eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, diluted and vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed"
steps are repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, diluted and
vortexed, and the "diluted and vortexed" steps are repeated more
than twenty (20) times.
Filtration, Vortex and Dilution Steps
[0225] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated twice. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated three (3) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated five
(5) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated six
(6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated
seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated eight (8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated eleven (11) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated twelve (12)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated
thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated seventeen (17) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated
nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated twenty (20) times.
[0226] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated at least twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least three
(3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least four (4) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least five (5) times In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated at least six (6) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated at least seven (7) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least eight
(8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are
repeated at least ten (10) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and these steps are repeated at least eleven (11) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at least twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated at least fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated at least fifteen (15) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated at least seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated at least eighteen (18) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated at
least nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated at least twenty (20) times.
[0227] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated more than twice. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than three
(3) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated
more than four (4) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated more than five (5) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated more than six (6) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than seven
(7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated
more than eight (8) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated more than nine (9) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated more than ten (10) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more than eleven
(11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated
more than twelve (12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated more than fourteen (14)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more
than fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated more than seventeen (17)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these steps are repeated more
than eighteen (18) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and these
steps are repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and these steps are repeated more than twenty (20)
times.
[0228] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated twice.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated three (3) times, In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated four (4) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated five (5) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated six (6) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated seven (7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated eight (8) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated twelve (12) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated fourteen (14) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated fifteen (15) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated sixteen (16) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated eighteen (18) times. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated twenty (20) times.
[0229] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least
twice. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least three (3) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least
four (4) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least five (5) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least six (6) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least seven (7) times.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least eight (8) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least
nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated at least thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least
fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least fifteen (15) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least
seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated at least eighteen (18) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated at least nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated at least twenty
(20) times.
[0230] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, in that order. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than twice. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than three (3) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than four (4) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than five (5) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated more than six (6) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than seven
(7) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than eight (8) times. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than nine (9) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and
diluted" steps are repeated more than ten (10) times. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered,
vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are
repeated more than eleven (11) times. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted,
and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than twelve
(12) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than thirteen (13) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than fourteen (14) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than fifteen (15)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than sixteen (16) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than seventeen (17) times. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the
"vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more than eighteen (18)
times. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered, vortexed and diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted"
steps are repeated more than nineteen (19) times. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is filtered, vortexed and
diluted, and the "vortexed and diluted" steps are repeated more
than twenty (20) times.
Dilution Step
[0231] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-1. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-3. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-4. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-5. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-7. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-9. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-10. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-12. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-13. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-15. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-16. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-17. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted 10.sup.-19. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
10.sup.-20.
[0232] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-1. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
at least 10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-3. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-4. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-5. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-6. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-7. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-9. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-10. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-12. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-13. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-15. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-16. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-17. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted at least 10.sup.-18. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted at least 10.sup.-19. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted at
least 10.sup.-20.
[0233] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-1. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
more than 10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-3. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-4. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-5. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-6. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-7. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-9. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-10. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-12. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-13. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-15. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-16. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-17. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
EMS is measured in a sample diluted more than 10.sup.-18. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted more than 10.sup.-19. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted more
than 10.sup.-20.
[0234] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-1. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-2. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-3. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-4. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-5. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-6. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-7. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-8. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-9. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-10. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-11. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-12. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-13. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-14. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-15. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-16. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is
measured in a sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-17. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a
sample diluted approximately 10.sup.-18. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted
approximately 10.sup.-19. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the EMS is measured in a sample diluted approximately
10.sup.-20.
Dilution Factor
[0235] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is 1:2. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is 1:3. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:4. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:5. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:6.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
1:7. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is 1:8. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is 1:9. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is 1:10. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:11. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:12. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:13.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
1:14. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is 1:15. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is 1:16. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is 1:17. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:18. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:19. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:20.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
1:25. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is 1:30. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is 1:35. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is 1:40. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:45. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:50. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:55.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
1:60. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is 1:65. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is 1:70. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is 1:75. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:80. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:85. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is 1:90.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
1:95. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is 1:100.
[0236] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is at least 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:2. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:3. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:4. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:5. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:6. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:7. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:8. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:9. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:10. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:11. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:12. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:13. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:14. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:15. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:16. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:17. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:18. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:19. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:20. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:25. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:30. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:35. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:40. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:45. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:50. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:55. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:60. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:65. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:70. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:75. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:80. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:85. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is at least 1:90. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at least 1:95. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is at
least 1:100.
[0237] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is more than 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:2. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:3. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
more than 1:4. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:5. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:6. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more
than 1:7. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is more than 1:8. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:9. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:10.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
more than 1:11. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:12. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:13. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more
than 1:14. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:15. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:16. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more
than 1:17. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:18. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:19. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more
than 1:20. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:25. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:30. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more
than 1:35. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:40. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:45. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more
than 1:50. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:55. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:60. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more
than 1:65. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:70. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:75. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more
than 1:80. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:85. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more than 1:90. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is more
than 1:95. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is more than 1:100.
[0238] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution
factor is approximately 1:1. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:2. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:3. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is approximately 1:4. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:5. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:6. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is approximately 1:7. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:8. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:9. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
dilution factor is approximately 1:10. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:11. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:12. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the dilution factor is approximately 1:13. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:14. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:15. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the dilution factor is approximately 1:16. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:17. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:18. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the dilution factor is approximately 1:19. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:20. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:25. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the dilution factor is approximately 1:30. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:35. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:40. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the dilution factor is approximately 1:45. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:50. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:55. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the dilution factor is approximately 1:60. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:65. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:70. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the dilution factor is approximately 1:75. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:80. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:85. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the dilution factor is approximately 1:90. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is approximately 1:95. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the dilution factor is
approximately 1:100.
Sample Preparation
[0239] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
unfrozen. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is frozen and then the DNA is extracted from the sample. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is unfrozen and
the DNA is extracted from the sample.
Sample Material
[0240] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a
body fluid. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is blood. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is plasma. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is urine. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is sweat. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is tears. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is salvia. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is seminal fluid. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is vaginal fluid. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is fecal cells. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is feces.
[0241] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a
tissue. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
a cell. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
a combination of tissue and cells. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is cells. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is red blood cells. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is white blood
cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
lymphocytes. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is platelets. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the sample is cells that centrifuge with red blood cells. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is skin. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is buccal cells.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is nasal
cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
hair follicles. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is ectoderm cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is endoderm cells. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is mesoderm cells. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is sperm. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is oocytes. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is ovum. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is eggs. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the sample is gametocytes. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is stem cells. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is cloned
cells. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
derived cells.
[0242] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
body part. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a hand. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a finger. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is an eye. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a hair. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a foot. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is toe. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a face. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a palm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a mouth. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a cheek. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a lip. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is an arm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a leg.
Sample Solution Content
[0243] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
filtered. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a solution containing DNA and the solution is filtered. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing RNA arid the solution is filtered.
[0244] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of at least 100 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 95 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 90 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 85 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 80 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 75 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 70 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 65 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 60 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 55 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 50 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 45 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 40 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 35 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 30 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 25 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of at least 20 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of at least 15 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of at least 10 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter or at least 5 nm
porosity.
[0245] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a
solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered
with a filter of approximately 100 nm porosity. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA
and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of
approximately 95 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and
the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 90 nm
porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample
is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 85 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 80 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 75
nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 70 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 65 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 60
nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 55 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 50 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 45
nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 40 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 35 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 30
nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 25 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 20 nm porosity. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution containing DNA and/or
RNA, and the solution is filtered with a filter of approximately 15
nm porosity. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is a solution containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is
filtered with a filter of approximately 10 nm porosity. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is a solution
containing DNA and/or RNA, and the solution is filtered with a
filter of approximately 5 nm porosity.
Particle Size
[0246] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles less than 100 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than 95
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles less than 90 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than 85
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles less than 80 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than 75
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles less than 70 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than 65
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles less than 60 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than 55
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles less than 50 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than 45
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles less than 40 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than nm.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than 30 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the solution comprises particles less than 25 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than 20 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the solution comprises particles less than 15 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than 10 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the solution comprises particles less than 5 nm.
[0247] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles less than approximately 100 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 95 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 90 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 85 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 80 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 75 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 70 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 65 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 60 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 55 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 50 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 45 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 40 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 35 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 30 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 25 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 20 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles less than
approximately 15 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles less than approximately 10 nm. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles less than approximately 5 nm.
[0248] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles not greater than 100 nm. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not
greater than 95 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles not greater than 90 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than 85 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater
than 80 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
solution comprises particles not greater than 75 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than 70 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater
than 65 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
solution comprises particles not greater than 60 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than 55 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater
than 50 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
solution comprises particles not greater than 45 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than 40 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater
than 35 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
solution comprises particles not greater than 30 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than 25 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater
than 20 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
solution comprises particles not greater than 15 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than 10 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater
than 5 nm.
[0249] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles not greater than approximately 100 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than approximately 95 nm. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not
greater than approximately 90 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater
than approximately 85 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater than
approximately 80 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles not greater than approximately 75
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles not greater than approximately 70 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than approximately 65 nm. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not
greater than approximately 60 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater
than approximately 55 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater than
approximately 50 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles not greater than approximately 45
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles not greater than approximately 40 nm. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than approximately 35 nm. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not
greater than approximately 30 nm. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater
than approximately 25 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the solution comprises particles not greater than
approximately 20 nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the solution comprises particles not greater than approximately 15
nm. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution
comprises particles not greater than approximately 10 rim. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the solution comprises
particles not greater than approximately 5 nm.
PCR Primers
[0250] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is
analyzed with PCR primers. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene
and the HIV gene is Gag. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene
and the HIV gene is Pol. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene
and the HIV gene is Env. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene
and the HIV gene is Tat. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene
and the HIV gene is Rev. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene
and the HIV gene is Nef. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene
and the HIV gene is Vif. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene
and the HIV gene is Vpr. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene
and the HIV gene is Vpu. In one embodiment of the disclosed method
the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV sequence and the
HIV sequence is LTR. In one embodiment of the disclosed method the
sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV sequence and the HIV
sequence is double LTR. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of a HIV gene of
a HIV variant. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
sample is analyzed with a PCR primer of at least one HIV gene. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is analyzed
with PCR primers of a combination of HIV genes. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the sample is analyzed with a PCR primer
of a partial nucleotide sequence of the HIV sequence. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the sample is analyzed with a
PCR primer of a nucleotide sequence of the DNA translation of a HIV
RNA.
Viruses
[0251] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected
virus is the HIV virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the detected virus is the Chickenpox (Varicella) virus.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is
the Common cold virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the detected virus is the Cytomegalovirus. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the Colorado tick fever
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected
virus is the Dengue fever virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the detected virus is the Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is
the Hand, foot and mouth disease virus. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the Hepatitis virus. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the
Herpes simplex virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the detected virus is the Herpes zoster virus. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the HPV virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the
Influenza (Flu) virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus
the detected virus is the Lassa fever virus. In one embodiment of
the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the Measles virus. In
one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the
Marburg hemorrhagic fever virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the detected virus is the Infectious mononucleosis virus.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is
the Mumps virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
detected virus is the Norovirus. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the detected virus is the Poliomyelitis virus. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the
Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy virus. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the Rabies virus.
In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected virus is
the Rubella virus, In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the
detected virus is the SARS virus. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the Smallpox (Variola)
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected
virus is the Viral encephalitis virus, In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the Viral gastroenteritis
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected
virus is the Viral meningitis virus. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the Viral pneumonia
virus. In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the detected
virus is the West Nile disease virus. In one embodiment of the
disclosed apparatus the detected virus is the Yellow fever
virus.
Pathogenic Particle
[0252] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the pathogenic
particle is a fungal cell. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the pathogenic particle is a bacteria. In one embodiment
of the disclosed apparatus the pathogenic particle is a virus.
Pathogenic Infection
[0253] In one embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the pathogenic
infection is a fungal infection. In one embodiment of the disclosed
apparatus the pathogenic infection is a bacterial infection. In one
embodiment of the disclosed apparatus the pathogenic infection is a
viral infection.
Modifications and Other Embodiments
[0254] Various modifications and variations of the described
methods, procedures, techniques, and compositions as the concept of
the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without
departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the
invention has been described in connection with specific preferred
embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed
is not intended to be limited to such specific embodiments. Various
modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention
which are obvious to those skilled in the medical, virological,
immunological, pharmacological, molecular biological, physical
sciences including electronic arts, or related fields are intended
to be within the scope of the following claims.
Incorporation by Reference
[0255] Each document, patent application or patent publication
cited by or referred to in this disclosure is incorporated by
reference in its entirety. Any patent document to which this
application claims priority is also incorporated by reference in
its entirety. Specifically, priority document Provisional
Application U.S. 61/186,610, filed Jun. 12, 2009, including all its
attachments; Montagnier, et al., Intediscip. Sci. Comput. Life
Sci., pp. 1-10 (2009); Montagnier, et al., Electromagnetic
detection of HIV DNA in the blood of AIDS patients treated by
antiretroviral therapy; and Montagnier, System and Method for the
Analysis of DNA sequences in Biological Fluids are hereby
incorporated by reference.
* * * * *