U.S. patent application number 13/731066 was filed with the patent office on 2013-05-16 for urea phosphite fertilizer.
This patent application is currently assigned to LIDOCHEM, INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is LidoChem, Inc.. Invention is credited to Frank William DEAN.
Application Number | 20130123102 13/731066 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40532842 |
Filed Date | 2013-05-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130123102 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DEAN; Frank William |
May 16, 2013 |
UREA PHOSPHITE FERTILIZER
Abstract
A new fertilizer comprising Urea Phosphite, which is made by
reacting phosphorous acid with urea. Urea Phosphite is
characterized by being a liquid produced in an unprocessed
reaction, and by having phosphite as a phosphorus source and urea
as a nitrogen source. The reaction product may be blended with an
admix and spray dried, or dissolved in water.
Inventors: |
DEAN; Frank William;
(Spring, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
LidoChem, Inc.; |
Hazlet |
NJ |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
LIDOCHEM, INC.
Hazlet
NJ
|
Family ID: |
40532842 |
Appl. No.: |
13/731066 |
Filed: |
December 30, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
12284393 |
Sep 22, 2008 |
8367582 |
|
|
13731066 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
504/101 ;
564/63 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 59/04 20130101;
A01N 59/26 20130101; C05C 9/00 20130101; C05B 15/00 20130101; Y02P
60/21 20151101; C05G 3/60 20200201; C05C 9/00 20130101; C05G 3/60
20200201; C05C 9/00 20130101; C05G 3/60 20200201 |
Class at
Publication: |
504/101 ;
564/63 |
International
Class: |
C05B 15/00 20060101
C05B015/00 |
Claims
1. A method for making a fertilizer comprising urea phosphite,
comprising reacting together a urea compound and a phosphorous acid
compound without the addition of water, such that the fertilizer
comprises urea phosphate having the effect of enhancing plant
growth when applied to plant seed, plants, and/or soil in which
plant seeds or plants are planted.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said reaction is conducted at a
temperature ranging from about 15.degree. C. and about 140.degree.
C.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the urea compound and the
phosphorous acid compound are solids.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the reaction product is a
non-hydrous liquid.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising blending or reacting
the reaction product with an admix for agricultural use.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising spray drying the
blended product.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the admix is solid such that the
fertilizer is dry and soluble.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the reaction is at room
temperature.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the urea compound is selected from
the group consisting of ureas, thioureas, phenylureas and other
substituted ureas.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the urea and phosphorous acid
compounds are reacted in a molar ratio of urea to phosphorous acid
ranging from about 2:1 to about 1:2.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the urea phosphite is a pH
buffer.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the urea phosphite is a solution
pH modifier to enable solubility of mineral salts in the presence
of phosphorus compounds.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a division of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 12/284,393, filed Sep. 22, 2008, pending, which is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat. No. 8,101,548, issued Jan. 24,
2012.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates to new chemical compositions of
matter having utility as industrial chemicals, fertilizers, and,
fungicides. This invention particularly relates to Urea
Phosphite.
[0004] 2. Description of Relevant Art
[0005] In greenhouses, nurseries, and, gardens, or other intensive
horticulture environments, best results are attained when
fertilizers and pesticides are carefully delivered to the soil or
growing plants. Many growers choose to utilize blended high
analysis water-soluble fertilizers and fungicides. These
fertilizers and fungicides are marketed as liquids or solids, which
are dissolved or diluted, to prepare concentrated stock solutions;
these fertilizer/fungicide solutions may again then be diluted by
irrigation water by means of proportional or injection devices.
[0006] In agriculture most excellent results are also achieved when
fertilizers and pesticides are carefully delivered to the soil or
growing plants. Many growers choose to utilize blended high
analysis water-soluble fertilizers and fungicides. These
fertilizers and fungicides are marketed either as solids or
liquids; the fertilizers and/or fungicides are dissolved in spray
tanks for foliar applications, or are used to prepare concentrated
stock solutions for ground application.
[0007] It is also desired that a fertilizer and fungicide
formulations have good long-term stability as stock solutions so as
not to form precipitates, which can clog spray rigs, proportioners,
and irrigation lines. This has been a limitation with water-soluble
fertilizer and fungicide formulations commercially available.
[0008] Mineral salts are important nutrients which are called for
in many plant nutrition formulations, but mineral salts cannot be
used together with the conventional phosphorus sources. For
instance, ammonium and potassium phosphates in solution alter the
pH and do not allow adequate solubility to mineral salt ions,
giving rise to precipitation of the mineral salts in the stock
solution which clog equipment.
[0009] Potassium phosphate or sodium phosphate can be used as
soluble phosphorous sources but these can be expensive or not
conducive to plant growth. Phosphoric acid can be used but it is a
liquid, hazardous to handle, and toxic to plants. Therefore, a
grower wishing to fertilize with both mineral salts and phosphorus,
without resorting to the use of an alkali metal or ammonium
phosphate, or liquid phosphoric acid, will need to inject these
compounds separately.
[0010] Additionally, the use of chelated trace nutrients have been
widely postulated in order to keep these trace nutrients dissolved
in stock solutions that contain the ammonium and potassium
phosphates. If non-chelated mineral salts are added with the
conventional phosphorus sources, the phosphate minerals will
precipitate from the solution. Chelated minerals increase the cost
of the fertilizer and fungicide formulations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] This invention concerns new fertilizer and/or fungicide
compositions; I have found liquid and solid fertilizer and
fungicide compositions useful for preparing aqueous solutions and
fertilizer solids for plant nutrition and plant fungicides.
[0012] The present invention employs Urea Phosphite as a liquid for
fertilizer and fungicide formulations. Until now Urea Phosphite was
an unknown material.
[0013] Urea Phosphite is an improved concentrated material for use
as a fertilizer and fungicide, the urea phosphite, which dissolves
completely in water, or, form solids in the presence of other
materials, to give a nitrogen and phosphorus-containing substance,
has now been produced. This fertilizer and/or fungicide is
characterized by being a liquid produced in an unprocessed
reaction, and by having phosphite as a phosphorus source and urea
as a nitrogen source.
[0014] The present invention generally relates to a new composition
of matter and to uses for that composition. These uses include
agricultural, industrial, and commercial uses of these compounds.
More specifically, the present invention is directed to the
reaction product formed by reacting phosphorous acid crystals (a
solid) with urea (a solid) to form the new compound Urea Phosphite
(a concentrated liquid), to methods for conducting that reaction,
and to uses of the reaction product. The present invention is
directed to uses for new compositions of matter comprising the
reaction product of a phosphorous acid and a urea, including
substituted ureas such as the thioureas and phenylureas. The
reaction products, which are non-hydrous or essentially nonhydrous,
may be separated, blended with an admix and spray dried, or
dissolved in water.
[0015] Urea, being approximately 46% by weight nitrogen, has long
been preferred as a nitrogen source for fertilizing soils to
stimulate plant growth. Phosphorous acid, being approximately 86.5%
by weight P.sub.2O.sub.5, and its salts, have been used as a
fungicide and a fertilizer. Urea, phosphorus acid and urea
phosphite are compared in Table I below.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE I Solubility Compound MW MP .degree. C. (g/100
ml) Density Phosphorous acid 82 73.6 309 1.651 Urea 60.06 135 100
1.32 Urea phosphite 142.06 0 Infinite 1.4
[0016] Often time's fertilizer and fungicides are used with
buffers. The buffering prevents the alkaline hydrolysis of
insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, therefore, insuring
greater efficacy to their pesticide applications. Urea Phosphite
will serve as an excellent low pH buffer, thereby protecting the
applicator's pesticide investment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0017] Urea undergoes a reaction with phosphorous acids. These
products have not been known until now. The agricultural industry
has felt the need for ways to protect plants from fungal attack,
improve early seedling vigor, and to increase plant biomass, all
resulting in improved yield and quality. There has been a long felt
but unfulfilled need in the industry for improved methods for
achieving these goals. The present invention works to solve those
needs.
[0018] Being a clear colorless liquid with low moisture content
this invention allows producers to deliver a high analysis and
concentrated fertilizers and fungicides. When the urea phosphite is
compared to other liquid products the urea phosphite will be
substantially less expensive to manufacture, transport, ship, store
and warehouse, package, and deliver to end-users than many if not
all prior art products.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment phosphorous acid is reacted with
urea in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to produce Urea Phosphite. While
the reaction may be conducted at any temperature between about
15.degree. C. and about 140.degree. C., it is preferably conducted
within the range of about 15.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. The
reaction may conveniently be conducted at room temperature.
Preferably the reactants are stirred until the reaction mixture is
clear, indicating that the liquid reaction product has formed. This
product may be dissolved in water, packaged as is, or blended with
an admix to produce liquids and solids, or further
compounded/reacted with an admix and spray dried.
[0020] The reaction product of the present invention, most
preferably Urea Phosphite, will be found to produce enhanced growth
in plants when used in a variety of ways. The reaction product Urea
Phosphite will produce enhanced growth when applied to seeds or
soil prior to or at planting, when applied to the soil surrounding
the plant at or after planting or when applied to the foliage of
the plant. Alternatively, a solution or dry matter of Urea
Phosphite may be applied to the soil surrounding the seed and/or
emerging plant. All application methods will deliver fertilization
and fungal protection.
[0021] When applying Urea Phosphite to foliage, those skilled in
the art may include a conventional admix in the solution to improve
the retention of reaction product on the leaves so that the plant
may more readily absorb it.
[0022] Solutions containing mineral salts or non-chelated
micronutrient trace metals, such as: calcium, magnesium, cobalt,
iron, manganese, copper, boron, zinc and molybdenum, may be made
available to the plant by dissolving them completely in water with
urea phosphite without precipitate formation initially or upon
prolonged standing, such as for 24 hours or longer. In one
embodiment, this invention provides a mineral salts-containing
solid complex fertilizer and fungicide, which dissolves completely
in water to give a water-based precipitate-free, stable aqueous
stock solution. A liquid fertilizer and/or fungicide containing
Urea Phosphite will provide phosphite as a phosphorus and urea as a
nitrogen source for plant protection and nutrition.
[0023] In another embodiment, this invention provides a trace
metal-containing solid blended fertilizer and/or fungicide that
dissolves completely in water to give a water-based, precipitate
free, stable aqueous stock solution.
[0024] In another embodiment, this invention provides a fertilizer
and/or fungicide containing urea phosphite as a phosphorus source
and chelated, partially chelated, complexed, or non-chelated
micronutrient trace metal nitrates, chlorides, carbonates, oxides
or sulfate salts. This material may contain magnesium and/or
calcium as well. It also may contain any mineral salt.
[0025] In still another embodiment, this invention provides a
method for preparing a stable phosphorus-containing fertilizer and
fungicide with an admix. Please see the text below for the
Discussion of Possible Admixes. For aqueous stock solutions this
method involves blending or adding a fertilizer and fungicide admix
to Urea Phosphite. For blended liquid and solid fertilizer and
fungicide products this method includes compounding or blending an
admix with the liquid urea phosphite. These same general processes
can be used to prepare a non-chelated mineral salt blended with the
urea phosphite containing fertilizer and fungicide.
[0026] The inclusion of Urea Phosphite in a dry blended mixture of
nutrient sources which include calcium salts, and/or magnesium,
with or without trace metals such as iron and the like in
non-chelated forms such as nitrates and/or sulfates offers several
advantages. For one, the Urea Phosphite establishes a low pH
condition when the blended mixture is added to water to make a
concentrated stock solution. A stock solution pH in the range of 0
to 2 may be achieved. This low solution pH maintains solubility and
clarity of the concentrated stock solution. Urea Phosphite, by the
effect it has on solution pH, prevents the formation of mineral
salts of phosphite that are not soluble.
[0027] Similarly, the low pH helps prevent mineral salts from
precipitating in the presence of sulfate ions, which may be
present. Therefore, when Urea Phosphite is used as a phosphorus
source, it will make possible the inclusion of phosphorus and the
mineral salts in one compound fertilizer and/or fungicide, without
the use of chelates, or the disadvantage of a precipitate
forming.
[0028] This allows the end user to prepare and apply a complete
fungicidal and/or nutrient solution using one stock solution and
utilizing one injector. It also makes possible the inclusion of
non-chelated trace nutrients into phosphorous-containing nutrient
solutions without precipitation. It also allows the fertilizer and
fungicide solution to have an increased acidifying effect on the
growing medium if needed. In summary, the advantages of using Urea
Phosphite as a phosphorus source in a compound fertilizer and/or
fungicide are: [0029] The ability to purchase, prepare and apply a
complete fungicidal and/or nutrient solution with one stock
solution. [0030] The ability to use non-chelated mineral salts
without a reduction in solubility in the stock solution as is
observed using conventional dry phosphorus sources. [0031] The
ability to formulate acidic fertilizer and/or fungicides that are
sold as dry solids or liquids and thus are less hazardous to the
end user than liquid phosphoric acid-based materials.
[0032] The fertilizer and fungicide compositions of this invention
contain Urea Phosphite. The amount of Urea Phosphite will vary
depending upon the nitrogen and phosphorous analysis desired for
the formulated composition. Typically, the Urea Phosphite is used
with an Admix--this includes other nutrient sources. Since Urea
Phosphite contributes nitrogen as well as phosphorus in a
stoichiometric ratio to the fertilizer and fungicide mix it may be
necessary to add additional potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen
sources to alter the ratio provided by Urea Phosphite alone.
[0033] The molar ratios between the urea and phosphorous acid are
between 2:1 and 1:2; an excess of either material may be present
without interfering in the direct preparation of the liquid Urea
Phosphite.
[0034] Of course, any suitable mixer system can be used and it is
not necessary that the mixing be done simultaneously with the
onward conveying; the reactants may dwell in the mixer for a time
and the entire product then be discharged from the mixer at
once.
[0035] In order to improve the free-flowing properties of the Urea
Phosphite liquid, a common anti-caking agent such as amorphous
silica, bentonite, flour, etc., may be added. The amount of the
anti-caking agent is in the usual range utilized for this purpose
such as between 1.50-3% by weight.
[0036] The process is very simple to carry out; after mixing
phosphorous acid with the urea, the reaction system may be heated
in view of the endothermic reaction, which takes place. The
reaction is accomplished once the blend is clear and colorless and
liquid Urea Phosphite formed in the reaction vessel is ready for
use without any further operation.
[0037] The urea to be used as a starting material in the reaction
according to the invention may be any urea form commercially
available such as prills, crystals, or, diluted liquids. The
phosphorous acid to be used as a starting material in the reaction
according to the invention may be any urea form commercially
available such as crystals, or, diluted liquids. Most preferably,
however, urea in solid or crystal form is mixed with phosphorous
acid in solid or crystal form. Example preferred reactants for
making the Urea Phosphite composition of the invention is set forth
in Table II below.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE II Solubility Compound MW MP (g/100 ml)
Density Phosphorous acid 82 73.6 309 1.651 Urea 60.06 135 100
1.32
[0038] When the urea phosphite is for fertilizer or fungicide use,
desired micronutrients such as Mg, Co, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, etc., may be
incorporated in the initial phosphorous acid prior to the reaction
with the solid urea without interfering with the course of
reaction. This is an additional advantage where a reliable dosage
of micronutrients is not possible.
[0039] If desired to obtain compounds with a higher ratio of N:P or
N:P:K for fertilizers, the urea phosphite may be transformed into
prills by an admix. It can also be used in various compound
fertilizers.
[0040] A solid product of the invention may contain about 0.01% by
weight (total solids) of Urea Phosphite that, by itself, will
contribute about 0.005% weight phosphorous as P.sub.2O.sub.5, and
about 0.002% weight nitrogen as N. The liquid product can contain
up to about 100% by weight of Urea Phosphite that would by itself
contribute about 50% weight phosphorus as P.sub.2O.sub.5 and about
20% weight nitrogen as N.
[0041] Higher P or N assays can be achieved by the addition of
phosphorus sources or various nitrogen sources, such as urea,
ammonium, or, nitrate sources. In cases where Urea Phosphite is not
the sole phosphorus source, other phosphates such as potassium
phosphates' and ammonium phosphates' can make up the balance.
[0042] In addition to the phosphorous and nitrogen content the
blend may include potassium. Similarly, it may be advantageous to
include an admix discussed below.
EXPERIMENTS
[0043] The invention may be further understood from the examples
below.
Example 1
White Crystal Sample--Sample 1
[0044] 325 grams 70% phosphorous acid solution was blended with 175
grams of urea and heated at temperatures greater then 100.degree.
C. where it became fluid syrup. The exothermic reaction between the
two reactants started immediately. The reaction mixture was removed
from heat and allowed to proceed spontaneously. The reaction
mixture became a non-transparent fluid syrup that expelled gas and
bubbled from which crystalline material resulted as the reaction
cooled.
[0045] Because of the faint smell of ammonia, it is my belief some
of the urea decomposed and products other than urea phosphite may
have also been formed.
Example 2
Sample 2
[0046] For a mole ratio of 1:1 (phosphorous acid: urea), 57 grams
phosphorous acid crystals were blended with 45 grams urea
mini-pills and stirred at 80.degree. C. in a covered container for
1 hour. The blend of 2 solids produced a clear, colorless liquid
urea phosphite. The liquid is stable upon heating to 90.degree. C.
or cooling to 0.degree. C. the solution has a fertilizer value of
20% N and 50% P.sub.2O.sub.5.
Example 3
[0047] 55 grams Phosphorous acid crystals were blended with 42
grams urea pills and stirred in a covered container. The blend of 2
solids produced a clear, colorless liquid Urea Phosphite. The
liquid is stable upon heating to 90.degree. C. or cooling to
0.degree. C.
Example 4
[0048] For a mole ratio of 1:2 (phosphorous acid: urea), 55 grams
phosphorous acid crystals were blended with 84 grams urea pills and
stirred in a covered container. The blend of 2 solids heated to
temperatures greater then the melting point of the phosphorous acid
(73.degree. C.) and stirred; a clear, colorless liquid Urea
Phosphite was formed. The liquid is stable upon heating to
90.degree. C. and crystals formed upon cooling.
Example 5
[0049] Diammonium phosphate crystals and monopotassium phosphate
crystals were blended with Urea Phosphite liquid to produce a free
flowing dry soluble product.
Example 6
Sample 3
[0050] For a mole ratio of 2:1 (phosphorous acid: urea), 73 grams
phosphorous acid crystals were blended with 27 grams urea pills and
stirred in a covered container. The blend of 2 solids produced a
clear, colorless liquid Urea Phosphite.
Example 7
[0051] For a mole ratio of 1:1 (phosphorous acid: urea), 114 grams
phosphorous acid crystals were blended with 86 grams urea pills and
stirred at 80.degree. C. in a covered container for 1 hour. The
blend of 2 solids produced a clear, colorless liquid Urea
Phosphite. From this 50 g of the Urea Phosphite was blended with
100 ml of water and 30 grams of calcium nitrate was added. The
blend produced a clear 8-14-0, 3% Ca liquid fertilizer or fungicide
with soluble phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium available for plant
nutrition. Although the calcium was not chelated, the calcium did
not precipitate in the presence of the phosphorus compound.
Example 8
[0052] 50 g of Urea Phosphite liquid was blended with 100 ml of
water and 30 grams of magnesium nitrate was added. The blend
produced a clear 7-14-0, 2.7% Mg liquid fertilizer or fungicide
with soluble phosphorus, nitrogen and magnesium available for plant
nutrition. Although the magnesium was not chelated, the magnesium
did not precipitate in the presence of the phosphorus compound.
Discussion of Possible Components for Admixes:
[0053] For their practical application, the Urea Phosphite compound
according to this invention is rarely used on its own. Instead it
generally forms part of formulations which also comprise a support
and/or a surfactant in addition to active materials.
[0054] In the context of the invention, a support is an organic or
mineral, natural or synthetic material with which the active
material is associated to facilitate its application, for example,
in the case of fertilizer and fungicides, to the plant, to seeds or
to soil, or to facilitate its transportation or handling. The
support can be solid (e.g, clays, natural or synthetic silicates,
resins, waxes, solid fertilizer and fungicides) or fluid (e.g.,
water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, chlorinated
hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, liquid fertilizer and
fungicides).
[0055] The surfactant can be an ionic or non-ionic emulsifier,
dispersant or wetting agent, such as, for example, salts of
polyacrylic acids and lignin-sulphonic acids, condensates of
ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids or fatty
amines.
[0056] The compositions comprising the compounds of the present
invention can be prepared in the form of wettable powders, soluble
powders, dusting powders, granulates, solutions, emulsifiable
concentrates, emulsions, suspended concentrates and aerosols.
[0057] The wettable powders according to the invention can be
prepared in such a way that they contain the active material, and
they often or typically contain, in addition to a solid support, a
wetting agent, a dispersant and, when necessary, one or more
stabilizers and/or other additives, such as, for example,
penetration agents, adhesives or anti-lumping agents, colorants
etc.
[0058] Aqueous dispersions and emulsions, such as, for example,
compositions comprising the compounds of this invention obtained by
diluting with water a wettable powder or an emulsifiable
concentrate are also included within the general scope of the
invention. These emulsions can be of the water-in-oil type or of
the oil-in-water type, and can have a thick consistency resembling
that of a "mayonnaise".
[0059] The compositions comprising the compounds of the present
invention can contain other ingredients, for example protective
colloids, adhesives or thickeners, thixotropic agents, stabilizers
or sequestrants, as well as other active materials. A modest list
of examples of possible formulation components for inclusion with
the compositions of this invention follows without limitation.
Carbon Skeleton/Energy (CSE) Components:
[0060] The supposed function of this component is to supply carbon
skeleton for synthesis of proteins and other molecules or to supply
energy for metabolism. Water-soluble carbohydrates such as sucrose,
fructose, glucose and other di- and monosaccharides are suitable,
commonly in the form of molasses or other by-products of food
manufacture. Commercially available lignosulfonates, discussed
below under the heading "Complexing Agents," are also suitable as a
CSE source inasmuch as they commonly contain sugars.
CSE Components:
[0061] Sugar--mannose, lactose, dextrose, erythrose, fructose,
fucose, galactose, glucose, gulose, maltose, polysaccharide,
raffinose, ribose, ribulose, rutinose, saccharose, stachyose,
trehalose, xylose, xylulose, adonose, amylose, arabinose, fructose
phosphate, fucose-p, galactose-p, glucose-p, lactose-p, maltose-p,
mannose-p, ribose-p, ribulose-p, xylose-p, xylulose-p, deoxyribose,
corn steep liquor, whey, corn sugar, corn syrup, maple syrup, grape
sugar, grape syrup, beet sugar, sorghum molasses, cane molasses,
mineral salts lignosulfonate sugar alcohol--adonitol, galactitol,
glucitol, maltitol, mannitol, mannitol-p, ribitol, sorbitol,
sorbitol-p, xylitol xxxx acids--glucuronic acid, a-ketoglutaric
acid, galacturonic acid, glutaric acid, gluconic acid, pyruvic
acid, poly galacturonic acid, saccharic acid, citric acid, succinic
acid, malic acid, oxaloacetic acid, aspartic acid, phosphoglyceric
acid, fulvic acid, ulmic acid, humic acid, glutamic acid.
[0062] Nucleotides and bases--adenosine, adenosine-p,
adenosine-p-glucose, uridine, uridine-p, uridine-p-glucose,
thymine, thymine-p, cytosine, cytosine-p, guanosine, guanosine-p,
guanosine-p-glucose, guanine, guanine-p, NADPH, NADH, FMN, FADH
The Macronutrient Components:
[0063] The macronutrients are essential to nutrition and growth.
The most important macronutrients are N, P and K. Some example
nitrogen compounds are: ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate,
ammonium phosphate sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium
phosphatenitrate, diammonium phosphate, ammoniated single
superphosphate, ammoniated triple superphosphate, nitric
phosphates, ammonium chloride, aqua ammonia, ammonia-ammonium
nitrate solutions, mineral salts ammonium nitrate, mineral salts
nitrate, mineral salts Cyanamid, sodium nitrate, urea,
urea-formaldehyde, urea-ammonium nitrate solution, nitrate of soda
potash, potassium nitrate, amino acids, proteins, nucleic
acids.
[0064] Examples of Phosphate sources include: superphosphate
(single, double and/or triple), phosphoric acid, ammonium
phosphate, ammonium phosphate sulfate, ammonium phosphate nitrate,
diammonium phosphate, ammoniated single superphosphate, ammoniated
single superphosphate, ammoniated triple superphosphate, nitric
phosphates, potassium pyrophosphates, sodium pyrophosphate, nucleic
acid phosphates and phosphonic and phosphorous acid
derivatives.
[0065] The potassium ion for example can be found in: potassium
chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium gluconate, sulfate of potash
magnesia, potassium carbonate, potassium acetate, potassium
citrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium manganate, potassium
phosphate, potassium molybdate, potassium thiosulfate, potassium
zinc sulfate and the like.
[0066] Mineral salts sources include for example: mineral salts
ammonium nitrate, mineral salts nitrate, mineral salts Cyanamid,
mineral salts acetate, mineral salts acetylsalicylate, mineral
salts borate, mineral salts borogluconate, mineral salts carbonate,
mineral salts chloride, mineral salts citrate, mineral salts
ferrous citrate, mineral salts glycerophosphate, mineral salts
lactate, mineral salts oxide, mineral salts pantothenate, mineral
salts propionate, mineral salts saccharate, mineral salts sulfate,
mineral salts tartrate and the like.
[0067] Magnesium can be found for example in: magnesium oxide,
dolomite, magnesium acetate, magnesium benzoate, magnesium
bisulfate, magnesium borate, magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate,
magnesium nitrate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium salicylate,
magnesium sulfate.
[0068] Sulfur containing compounds include for example: ammonium
sulfate, ammonium phosphate sulfate, mineral salts sulfate,
potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sulfuric acid, cobalt
sulfate, copper sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sulfur,
cysteine, methionine and elemental sulfur.
Micronutrient Components:
[0069] The most important micronutrients are or comprise: Zn, Fe,
Cu, Mn, B, Co, and Mo.
Vitamin/Cofactor Components:
[0070] The most important are folic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid,
nicotinic acid, riboflavin and thiamine and include for example:
Thiamine--thiamine pyrophosphate, thiamine monophosphate, thiamine
disulfide, thiamine mononitrate, thiamine phosphoric acid ester
chloride, thiamine phosphoric acid ester phosphate salt, thiamine
1,5 salt, thiamine tri phosphoric acid ester, thiamine tri
phosphoric acid salt, yeast, yeast extract Riboflavin--riboflavin
acetyl phosphate, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine
mononucleotide, riboflavin phosphate, yeast, yeast extract.
Nicotinic acid--nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, nicotinic acid
amide, nicotinic acid benzyl ester, nicotinic acid monoethanolamine
salt, yeast, yeast extract, nicotinic acid hydrazide, nicotinic
acid hydroxamate, nicotinic acid-N-(hydroxymethyl)amide, nicotinic
acid methyl ester, nicotinic acid mononucleotide, nicotinic acid
nitrile. Pyridoxine--pyridoxal phosphate, yeast, yeast extract
Folic acid--yeast, yeast extract, folinic acid. Biotin--biotin
sulfoxide, yeast, yeast extract, biotin 4-amidobenzoic acid, biotin
amidocaproate N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, biotin 6-amidoquinoline,
biotin hydrazide, biotin methyl ester,
d-biotin-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, biotin-maleimide, d-biotin
p-nitrophenyl ester, biotin propranolol, 5-(N-biotinyl)-3
aminoallyl)-uridine 5'-triphosphate, biotinylated uridine
5'-triphosphate, N-e-biotinyl-lysine. Pantothenic acid--yeast,
yeast extract, coenzyme A, Cyanocobalamin--yeast, yeast extract.
Phosphatidylcholine-soybean oil, eggs bovine heart, bovine brain,
bovine liver, L-a-phosphatidylcholine, B-acetyl-g-.beta.-alkyl,
D-a-phosphatidylcholine (PTCn), B-acetyl-g-O-hexadecyl, DL-a-PTCh,
B-acetyl-g-O-hexadecyl, L-a-PTCh,
B-acetyl-g-O-(octadec-9-cis-enyl), L-a-PTCh, B-arachidonoyl,
g-stearoyl, L-a-PTCh, diarachidoyl, L-a-PTCh, dibehenoyl
(dibutyroyl, dicaproyl, dicapryloyl, didecanoyl, dielaidoyl, 12
diheptadecanoyl, diheptanoyl), DL-a-PTCh dilauroyl, L-a-PTCh
dimyristoyl (dilauroyl, dilinoleoyl, dinonanoyl, dioleoyl,
dipentadeconoyl, dipalmitoyl, distearoyl, diundecanoyl, divaleroyl,
B-elaidoyl-a-palmitoyl, B-linoleoyl-a-palmitoyl) DL-a-PTCh
di-O-hexadecyl (dioleoyl, dipalmitoyl, B--O-methyl-g-O-hexadecyl,
B-oleoyl-g-O-hexadecyl, B-palmitoyl-g-O-hexadecyl), D-a-PTCh
dipalmitoyl, L-a-PTCh, B--O-methyl-g-O-octadecyl, L-a-PTCh,
B-(NBD-aminohexanoyl)-g-palmitoyl, L-a-PTCh, B-oleoyl-g-O-palmitoyl
(stearoyl), L-a-PTCh, B-palmitoyl-g-oleoyl, L-a-PTCh,
B-palmitoyl-a-(pyren 1-yl) hexanoyl, L-a-PTCh,
B(pyren-1-yl)-decanoyl-g-palmitoyl, L-a-PTCh,
B-(pyren-1-yl)-hexanoyl-g-palmitoyl, L-a-PTCh, B-stearoyl-g-oleoyl.
Inositol--inositol monophosphate, inositol macinate, myo-inositol,
epi-inositol, myo-inositol 2,2' anhydro-2-c-hydroxymethyl
(2-c-methylene-myoinositol oxide), D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate,
DL-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic monophosphate, myo-inositol
dehydrogenase, myo-inositol hexanicotinate, inositol hexaphosphate,
myo-inositol hexasulfate, myo-inositol 2-monophosphate,
D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate, DL-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate,
D-myo-inositol triphosphate, scyllo-inositol PABA--m-aminobenzoic
acid, O-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid butyl ester, PABA
ethyl ester, 3-ABA ethyl ester.
Complexing Agents:
[0071] The function of this component, particularly in agricultural
applications, aside from its proposed use as a Carbon skeleton
agent, is to solubilize other components of the composition which
otherwise may precipitate and become assailable or may immobilize
minerals in the soil which might otherwise be unavailable to flora
and fauna. Complexing agents such as, for example, citric acid,
humic acids, lignosulfonate, etc. serve to tie up ions such as iron
and prevent them from forming precipitates. In some cases this
complexing is by way of chelation. These agents may form complexes
with the following compounds for example: Citric acid; Ca, K, Na
and ammonium lignosulfonates, fulvic acid, ulmic acid, humic acid,
Katy-J, EDTA, EDDA(ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid), EDDHA, HEDTA,
CDTA, PTPA, NTA, MEA, IDS, EDDS, and 4-phenylbutyric acid.
[0072] Other complexing agents include for example: Al and its
salts, Zn--zinc oxide, zinc acetate, zinc benzoate, zinc chloride,
zinc citrate, zinc nitrate, zinc salicylate, ziram Fe--ferric
chloride, ferric citrate, ferric fructose, ferric glycerophosphate,
ferric nitrate, ferric oxide (saccharated), ferrous chloride,
ferrous citrate ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous
succinate. Mn--manganese acetate, manganese chloride, manganese
nitrate, manganese phosphate, Cu--cupric acetate, cupric butyrate,
cupric chlorate, cupric chloride, cupric citrate, cupric gluconate,
cupric glycollate, cupric nitrate, cupric salicylate, cuprous
acetate, cuprous chloride. B--mineral salts borate, potassium
borohydride, borax, boron trioxide, potassium borotartrate,
potassium tetraborate, sodium borate, sodium borohydride, sodium
tetraborate and boric acid. Mo--molybdic acid, mineral salts
molybdate, potassium molybdate, sodium molybdate. Co--cobaltic
acetate, cobaltous acetate, cobaltous chloride, cobaltous oxalate,
cobaltous potassium sulfate, cobaltous sulfate.
Growth Regulators:
[0073] Seaweed extract--kelp extract, Kinetin, Kinetin riboside,
benzyladenine, zeatin riboside, zeatin, extract of corn cockle,
isopentenyl adenine, dihydrozeatin, indoleacetic acid, phenylacetic
acid, IBA, indole ethanol, indole acetaldehyde, indoleacetonitrile,
indole derivitives, gibberellins (e.g. GA1, GA2, GA3, GA4, GA7,
GA38 etc.) polyamines, monoethanolamine, allopurinol, GA
inhibitors, ethylene inducing compounds, ethylene biosynthesis
inhibitors, GABA, anticytokinins and antiauxins, ABA inducers and
inhibitors, and other known growth regulators.
Gum Components:
[0074] Xanthan gum--guar gum, gum agar, gum accroides, gum arabic,
gum carrageenan, gum damar, gum elemi, gum ghatti, gum guaiac, gum
karya, locust bean gum, gum mastic, gum pontianak, gum rosin, gum
storax, gum tragacanth
Microbialstats, Proprionic Acid, Benzoic Acid, Sorbic Acid and
Amino Acids. Buffers
[0075] Phosphate buffer, formate or acetate buffer, AMP buffer,
mineral salts tartrate, glycine buffer, phosphate citrate buffer,
tris buffer, ECT.
[0076] If desired, a formulation or composition of the present
invention may also include beneficial microorganisms. The
compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention thus
defined may be applied to plants by conventional methods including
seed application techniques, as well as foliar methods.
[0077] The foregoing description of the invention has been directed
in primary part to particular preferred embodiments in accordance
with the requirements of the Patent Statutes and for purposes of
explanation and illustration. It will be apparent, however, to
those skilled in the art that many modifications and changes in the
specifically described methods may be made without departing from
the true scope and spirit of the invention.
[0078] One non-limiting example of such a modification would be the
combining of an excess of one reactant to change the mole ratios in
creating Urea Phosphite. Such a modification could be practiced by
one of ordinary skill in the art from the teachings herein, and
such practice would be within the true scope and spirit of the
invention.
[0079] Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the preferred
embodiments described and illustrated but covers all modifications,
which may fall within the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *