U.S. patent application number 13/809689 was filed with the patent office on 2013-05-09 for dispensing apparatus.
This patent application is currently assigned to MCGILL TECHNOLOGY LIMITED. The applicant listed for this patent is Shane Robert McGill, Martin White. Invention is credited to Shane Robert McGill, Martin White.
Application Number | 20130112705 13/809689 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45469854 |
Filed Date | 2013-05-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130112705 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
McGill; Shane Robert ; et
al. |
May 9, 2013 |
DISPENSING APPARATUS
Abstract
Individual portions of ice cream are dispensed from a bulk
container. A motor drives a lead screw, to expand a scissor linkage
and drive a dispensing head against the bulk container. Pressure
applied to the container causes it to collapse and discharge ice
cream from an outlet. The lead screw is orthogonal with the
movement of the dispensing head and the axis of collapse of the
container. The container, motor and lead screw are carried on a
drawer which is slidably mounted in a refrigerated housing.
Pressure is monitored to regulate operation of the motor. An
encoder controls the motor for a specific portion size.
Inventors: |
McGill; Shane Robert; (Kent,
GB) ; White; Martin; (Kent, GB) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
McGill; Shane Robert
White; Martin |
Kent
Kent |
|
GB
GB |
|
|
Assignee: |
MCGILL TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
Kent
GB
|
Family ID: |
45469854 |
Appl. No.: |
13/809689 |
Filed: |
July 18, 2011 |
PCT Filed: |
July 18, 2011 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/GB11/51344 |
371 Date: |
January 11, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/1 ; 222/214;
222/333; 222/63; 222/95 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23G 9/287 20130101;
A23G 9/045 20130101; A23G 9/227 20130101; B65D 35/30 20130101; A23G
9/28 20130101; B65D 35/40 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
222/1 ; 222/63;
222/333; 222/95; 222/214 |
International
Class: |
B67D 7/14 20100101
B67D007/14 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 16, 2010 |
GB |
1012009.5 |
Oct 29, 2010 |
GB |
1018311.9 |
Jan 20, 2011 |
GB |
1100978.4 |
Mar 18, 2011 |
GB |
1104630.7 |
Claims
1. Dispensing apparatus for dispensing frozen or semi-frozen
product such as ice cream and sorbet or the like, the dispensing
apparatus comprising a bulk container for storing multiple portions
of product to be dispensed, wherein the container has an outlet and
is of deformable construction, for reducing the internal volume of
the container and expressing product through the outlet, and a
dispensing mechanism for applying pressure to said container to
cause frozen or semi-frozen confection to be dispensed from the
container through the outlet, wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a dispensing head which is movable to apply a load to the
container for a dispensing operation, and wherein the apparatus is
configured for monitoring the pressure within the container during
dispensing operations, and controlling operation of the dispensing
mechanism in response to the monitored pressure during a dispensing
operation.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein a control system is
configured to relieve or reduce the load applied to the container
via the dispensing head if the monitored pressure reaches a
predetermined threshold value.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a motor for driving the dispensing head to apply a load to
the container, and wherein a control system is configured to
reduce, interrupt or cease operation of the motor if the monitored
pressure reaches a predetermined threshold value.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a force detection device, e.g., a load cell, for
monitoring pressure inside the container during dispensing
operations.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the force detection
device is arranged for monitoring reaction forces experienced by
the dispensing mechanism during the application of load to the
container via the dispensing head.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a motor for driving the dispensing head to apply a load to
the container, and a control system is configured to monitor
electrical changes, e.g., changes in motor current, during a
dispensing operation using the motor, in order to indicate changes
in pressure inside the container.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the control system
controls operation of the motor dependent upon the motor current
during a dispensing operation.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the motor is controlled
to operate at a first speed in order to increase the pressure on
the container (for a `ready to dispense` condition) until a
predetermined level is reached (e.g., indicated by the current of
the motor), a valve mechanism is then triggered to open for a
dispensing operation, which in turn triggers a second speed for
compressing the container and expressing product through its
outlet, and wherein the time period for operation at said second
speed (which may be lower than the first speed) is preset to
desired level relevant for dispensing a specific size of portion
under normal operating conditions.
9. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a motor for driving the dispensing head to apply a load to
the container, and wherein the operation of the motor is
interrupted or reduced when the pressure reaches an upper threshold
and is restarted or increased when the pressure reaches a lower
threshold.
10. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a motor for driving the dispensing head to apply a load to
the container, and wherein operation of the motor is reduced or
interrupted when the pressure reaches said upper threshold and is
restarted or increased after a preset time.
11. A method of dispensing frozen or semi-frozen product such as
ice cream and sorbet or the like, the method comprising the steps
of providing a container of product to be dispensed, said container
having a body with an outlet through which product can be expressed
from the container under load, mounting said container in a
dispensing mechanism, using said dispensing mechanism to apply a
load to said container to cause product to be expressed from the
container through the outlet, and operating a valve mechanism to
control the dispensed volume of product, wherein the method further
comprises the step of monitoring the pressure within the container
during the application of load to container via the dispensing
mechanism and regulating the applied load when the monitored
pressure reaches a predetermined threshold.
12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the load applied to the
container is reduced or relieved if the monitored pressure reaches
said predetermined threshold value.
13. A method according to claim 11 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a motor drive and operation of the motor drive is reduced,
interrupted or ceased if the monitored pressure reaches a
predetermined threshold value.
14. A method according to claim 11 wherein operation of the motor
is interrupted when the pressure reaches an upper threshold and is
restarted if the pressure reaches a lower threshold.
15. A method according to claim 11 wherein operation of the motor
is interrupted when the pressure reaches said upper threshold and
is restarted after a preset time.
16. A method according to claim 11 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a force detection device, e.g., a load cell, which
monitors the pressure inside the container during dispensing
operations.
17. A method according to claim 11 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a motor for applying a load to the container for a
dispensing operation, and wherein a control system monitors
electrical changes, e.g., changes in motor current, during
dispensing operations via the motor, in order to indicate changes
in pressure inside the container.
18. A method of dispensing frozen or semi-frozen product such as
ice cream or sorbet or the like, the method comprising the steps of
providing a container of frozen or semi-frozen product to be
dispensed, said container having a body with an outlet through
which product can be expressed from the container under load,
mounting said container in a dispensing mechanism, using said
dispensing mechanism to apply a load to said container to cause
product to be expressed from the container through the outlet, and
operating a valve mechanism to control the dispensed volume of
product, wherein the method further comprises the step of
monitoring the pressure within the container during the application
of load to container and opening said valve mechanism to permit a
volume of product to be dispensed when the monitored pressure
reaches a predetermined threshold.
19. A method according to claim 18 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a dispensing head which is movable to apply a load to the
container, and wherein the method includes the step of driving said
dispensing head against the container in order to increase the
pressure inside the container prior to opening the valve
mechanism.
20. A method according to claim 19 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a drive mechanism for controlling movement of said
dispensing head, and wherein the method includes the step of
operating said drive mechanism to apply a load to the container via
the dispensing head, and opening said valve mechanism when the
monitored pressure in the container reaches a threshold value.
21. A method according to claim 20 wherein the pressure is
monitored when the valve mechanism is open, and operation of the
drive mechanism is reduced or interrupted until the monitored
pressure inside the container decreases to a lower threshold, at
which point the drive mechanism is operated to increase the load
applied to the container.
22. A method according to claim 21 wherein the pressure is
monitored further and operation of the drive mechanism is reduced
or interrupted if the pressure increases to an upper threshold.
23. A method according to claim 22 wherein the pressure is
monitored still further and the drive mechanism is operated to
increase the load applied to the container if the pressure returns
to said lower threshold.
24. A method according to claim 18 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a force detection device, e.g., a load cell, which
monitors the pressure inside the container during dispensing
operations.
25. A method according to claim 18 wherein the dispensing mechanism
includes a motor for applying a load to the container for a
dispensing operation, and wherein a control system monitors
electrical changes, e.g., changes in motor current, during
dispensing operations via the motor, in order to indicate changes
in pressure inside the container.
Description
[0001] This disclosure relates to dispensing apparatus, more
particularly to dispensing apparatus for dispensing food product
such as ice cream and other forms of frozen or semi-frozen
confection. The disclosure also relates to methods for dispensing
food product such as ice cream and other forms of frozen or
semi-frozen confection, and containers for use in said apparatus or
methods.
[0002] It is known to dispense individual portions of ice cream or
similar frozen confections (such as sorbet and the like) from a
multi-portion container, hereinafter referred to as a `bulk`
container. For example, WO89/05096 describes a dispensing apparatus
for expressing individual portions of ice cream through an outlet
in a deformable bulk container of ice cream. In particular, a drive
mechanism is operable to drive a dispensing head to compress the
container and express product through the outlet.
[0003] A problem occurs when trying to accurately control and/or
monitor the dispensing of specific portion sizes of product from
the container. This problem can be particularly acute when handling
frozen or semi frozen product at low temperatures.
[0004] The invention overcomes or mitigates one or more of the
problems referred to above, and/or one or more other problems
associated with known dispensing apparatus for use in dispensing
frozen confections, and/or known containers for use in dispensing
frozen confections.
[0005] One aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus in
accordance with claim 1.
[0006] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of
dispensing frozen or semi-frozen product according to claim 11.
[0007] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of
dispensing frozen or semi-frozen product according to claim 18.
[0008] According to another aspect of the invention, there is
provided a dispensing apparatus for dispensing frozen or
semi-frozen confection such as ice cream and sorbet and the like
from a collapsible bulk container containing multiple portions of
said frozen or semi-frozen confection, the apparatus comprising a
refrigerated housing which includes a compartment for receiving a
collapsible bulk container containing multiple portions of said
frozen or semi-frozen confection, and a dispensing mechanism
movable within said compartment to apply a compressive load to said
container, wherein the apparatus includes an electronic control
system for controlling the automation of the dispensing mechanism,
to selectively apply a compressive load to the container for
dispensing individual portions of product from the apparatus.
[0009] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus includes a
refrigerated housing is configured for maintaining the container
and product therein at desired refrigerated temperature (or range
of temperatures), e.g. dependent upon the characteristics and
desired state of the product to be dispensed. In exemplary
embodiments, the product is held at a temperature in the range of
approximately -18.degree. C. to -20.degree. C. or lower.
[0010] In exemplary embodiments, the container is deformable and
comprises of a single piece blow moulding of self supporting
construction, the container having multiple convolutions along its
length which are configured to collapse under load against a closed
end of the container.
[0011] In exemplary embodiments, the container has an outlet
through which the product is filled and subsequently dispensed from
the container, the outlet having a radially protruding collar with
an angled face for sealing engagement in an inlet on said apparatus
during the application of load to a closed end of the container in
said apparatus, e.g. via said dispensing mechanism.
[0012] In exemplary embodiments, the container is arranged in
communication with a dispensing nozzle for dispensing product from
the apparatus, e.g. into a receptacle such as a cone, tub or
cup.
[0013] In exemplary embodiments, the container is located on a
drawer or cartridge, which is movable within the housing between an
extended or open position (e.g. for loading/unloading a container)
and a stowed or closed position (e.g. ready for dispensing product
from the container). In exemplary embodiments, the cartridge is
arranged for sliding movement relative to the housing between the
open and closed positions, e.g. on guide rails or another
mechanical arrangement between the cartridge and the housing. In
exemplary embodiments, movement of the cartridge occurs on a
substantially horizontal axis.
[0014] In exemplary embodiments, the container is loaded directly
into the cartridge, e.g. when the cartridge is in an open position.
In exemplary embodiments, the cartridge defines an open topped
compartment (e.g. having a base, opposing sides perpendicular to
the base, and two ends orthogonal to the sides), so that the
container can be loaded into the cartridge from above.
[0015] In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing mechanism is
arranged for travel with the cartridge. In exemplary embodiments,
the dispensing mechanism is mounted on the cartridge, e.g. on an
end wall of the compartment. In exemplary embodiments, the
cartridge can be removed from the housing, e.g. for cleaning or
maintenance. In exemplary embodiments, the housing includes a lock
arrangement configured to prevent opening or movement of the
cartridge relative to the housing when the dispensing mechanism is
operational.
[0016] In exemplary embodiments, the housing incorporates multiple
cartridges, each configured to receive a container and each having
its own dispensing mechanism for expressing product from the
container. In exemplary embodiments, the cartridges are arranged
side-by-side, e.g. for parallel sliding movement within the
housing.
[0017] In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing mechanism
incorporates a scissor-type linkage which is movable between a
retracted position and an extended position, for compressing a
container via the dispensing head. In exemplary embodiments, the
dispensing head is mounted at one end of the linkage. In exemplary
embodiments, the axis of movement of the linkage is generally
horizontal and/or parallel with the axis of movement of the
cartridge within the housing. In exemplary embodiments, the
scissor-type linkage includes at least four linkage members
arranged for pivoting movement relative to one another, in order to
extend or retract the position of the dispensing head.
[0018] In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing mechanism includes
a motor for powered rotation of a lead screw. In exemplary
embodiments, the lead screw cooperates with the scissor-type
linkage, so that rotation of the lead screw in a first direction
causes movement of linkage in a first direction and vice versa. In
exemplary embodiments, the lead screw is carried by the linkage,
and so moves as the linkage moves from its retracted position to
its extended position. In exemplary embodiments, the position of
the motor changes as the linkage moves from its retracted position
to its extended position. In exemplary embodiments, the direction
of movement of the motor is parallel with the axis of movement of
the linkage.
[0019] In exemplary embodiments, the linkage is provided in a
frame, which includes a rear plate on which the linkage is mounted
and a front plate which includes an aperture through which the neck
of the container can be fitted. In exemplary embodiments, the frame
is incorporated into said cartridge for mounting in the
housing.
[0020] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus includes a
dispensing nozzle which includes a valve mechanism having a closed
condition (e.g. in which the flow of product is prevented) and an
open condition (e.g. in which the flow of product is permitted). In
exemplary embodiments, a valve member is movable in a generally
vertical tube between a raised open position and a lowered closed
position. In exemplary embodiments, the valve mechanism is manually
operated, e.g. via a mechanical linkage in communication with valve
member. In exemplary embodiments, the valve mechanism is
automatically controlled. In exemplary embodiments, operation of
the valve mechanism is in response to a command from the control
system.
[0021] In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing nozzle is manually
operable and includes a dispensing handle or lever for manually
switching between a closed condition and an open condition, e.g.
for controlling the position of a valve member. In exemplary
embodiments, the lever is pivotable between a first position in
which the valve member is in a closed position and a second
position in which the valve member is in an open position. In
exemplary embodiments, the handle or lever is arranged to be
manually driven from a lower position to an upper position in order
to raise the valve member and permit flow through the nozzle. In
exemplary embodiments, operation of the dispensing mechanism is
automated, e.g. via the motor.
[0022] In exemplary embodiments, the control system is arranged in
communication with the valve mechanism. In exemplary embodiments,
the apparatus includes a manually controlled valve mechanism for
selectively permitting/preventing the flow of product from the
apparatus (e.g. incorporating a movable valve member of the kind
referred to above), and the apparatus is configured so that the
dispensing mechanism is activated to apply a compressive load to
the container for a dispensing operation upon the valve mechanism
being switched from a closed condition to an open condition (e.g.
via movement of the handle or lever).
[0023] In exemplary embodiments, switching the valve mechanism from
the open condition to the closed condition deactivates the motor
and thereby interrupts or ends the dispensing operation. In
exemplary embodiments, the act of switching between the `valve
closed` and `valve open` conditions is used to control the motor
for a predetermined time period or predetermined operation of the
motor or lead screw, in order to automate a specific dispensing
operation (e.g. for a desired portion size).
[0024] In exemplary embodiments, the control system is programmed
to close the valve mechanism at the end of a portion dispensing
operation.
[0025] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus is configured for
dispensing a range of portion sizes. In exemplary embodiments, the
apparatus includes a switch, dial or other adjustable controller,
to enable an operator to preset the control system with one or more
different portion sizes to be dispensed by operation of the
dispensing mechanism
[0026] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus includes a control
panel or user interface so an operator can activate the dispensing
mechanism, e.g. for a fully automated dispensing operation. In
exemplary embodiments, the user interface includes multiple
selection options, e.g. representative of different dispensing
operations, such as to dispense a small, medium and large portion
sizes (indicated e.g. by price, size or volume), and/or to provide
for continuous dispensing via a free serve option. In exemplary
embodiments, the control system is operable in response to a
selection or command made via the user interface. In exemplary
embodiments, the control system is programmed to control rotation
of the lead screw, via the drive motor, in response to the
selection or command.
[0027] In exemplary embodiments, the drive motor has a rotatable
output shaft or other rotatable part, and an encoder, e.g. an
optical rotary encoder, is arranged in association with said
rotatable shaft/part, to enable the number of revolutions of said
shaft/part to be monitored.
[0028] In other embodiments, the encoder is arranged in association
with the lead screw or any other rotating part between the lead
screw and the motor, so that the number of revolutions can be
monitored and equated with movement or relative position of the
dispensing head.
[0029] In exemplary embodiments, the control system is programmed
to monitor the pressure inside the container during dispensing
operations, e.g. in order to maintain a sufficient pressure for
express of product from the container. In exemplary embodiments, a
load cell is provided to monitor pressure during a dispensing
operation. In exemplary embodiments, the load cell forms part of
the dispensing mechanism for detecting reaction forces during the
application of load to the container. In exemplary embodiments, the
control system is configured to monitor electrical changes during a
dispensing operation, e.g. changes in motor current, in order to
indicate changes in pressure inside the container.
[0030] In exemplary embodiments, the control system is configured
to automatically reduce, interrupt or cease operation of the drive
motor if the pressure exceeds a threshold value, e.g. indicative
that the product is too hard to be expressed. In exemplary
embodiments, the load applied by the dispensing head can then be
increased after a short time period, e.g. as a check to see whether
the product is still too hard to be expressed. If the pressure
remains at a `too hard` level, the motor can be automatically
reversed, in order to retract the dispensing head and present the
container ready for replacement with another container. The motor
may have a higher voltage applied when the dispensing head is being
moved in a return direction, e.g. to minimise the time required
during changeover of containers.
[0031] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus is configured to
apply a compressive load to the container before the control system
operates to open the valve mechanism, e.g. to generate a
predetermined pressure within the container suitable for expressing
the product from the container under normal conditions. In
exemplary embodiments, the control system is programmed to hold the
dispensing head at that position or pressure for a pre-set time
period, e.g. in `ready to dispense` condition. The dispensing head
can be automatically reversed to a `stand-by` condition (e.g. with
a reduced or relieved load on the container) if the control system
detects that the dispensing head has been held in `ready` mode for
a pre-set time period without carrying out a dispensing operation.
Similarly, the control system may move the dispensing head to a
`ready to dispense` condition after each dispensing operation,
followed by automatic retraction to a `stand-by` condition if the
control system detects that the dispensing head has been held in
its `ready to dispense` mode for a pre-set time period without
carrying out a further dispensing operation.
[0032] In exemplary embodiments, if the pressure data indicates
that the pressure inside the container is sufficient to cause
product to express from the outlet, the control system reduces or
temporarily interrupts operation of the drive motor. It may be
desirable to indicate an upper threshold at which point the control
system is configured to temporarily deactivate the drive motor. In
exemplary embodiments, the control system is configured to
re-activate the drive motor when the detected pressure reaches a
minimum required value. This process can be repeated as necessary
for a desired dispensing operation (e.g. for dispensing a
particular portion size as selected by a user of the apparatus),
wherein the operation of the motor is regulated to maintain the
pressure between said upper and lower thresholds.
[0033] In exemplary embodiments, electrical changes indicate the
state of pressure within the container, and the motor is controlled
to operate at a first speed in order to increase the pressure on
the container (for a `ready to dispense` condition) until a
predetermined level is reached (e.g. indicated by the current of
the motor). In exemplary embodiments, the valve mechanism is then
triggered to open, which in turn triggers a second speed for
compressing the container and expressing product through its
outlet. In exemplary embodiments, the time period for operation at
said second speed (which may be lower than the first speed) is
preset to desired level relevant for dispensing a specific size of
portion under normal operating conditions.
[0034] In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing operation of the
dispensing apparatus is dependent upon a payment made, e.g. by a
token, coin or bank note receiver on the apparatus or by a credit
card reader on the apparatus. In exemplary embodiments, activation
of the motor or movement of the dispensing head is a function of
the amount of payment made.
[0035] According to another aspect of the invention, there is
provided a container for use in the above aspects of the invention
wherein the container is deformable and comprises of a single piece
blow moulding of self supporting construction, the container having
multiple convolutions along its length which are configured to
collapse under load against a closed end of the container, and an
outlet through which the product is filled and subsequently
dispensed from the container, the outlet having a radially
protruding collar with an angled face for sealing engagement in an
inlet on said apparatus during the application of load to a closed
end of the container in said apparatus.
[0036] Other aspects and features of the invention will be apparent
from the claims and the following description of exemplary
embodiments, made by way of example only, with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which:
[0037] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a twin cartridge
dispensing apparatus;
[0038] FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a container for use in
the apparatus of FIG. 1;
[0039] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the container of
FIG. 2;
[0040] FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a dispensing
mechanism for use in the apparatus of FIG. 1, in a retracted
position;
[0041] FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the dispensing mechanism
of FIG. 4;
[0042] FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a dispensing
mechanism for use in the apparatus of FIG. 1, in an extended
position;
[0043] FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the dispensing mechanism
of FIG. 6;
[0044] FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view from the front of a
loaded cartridge for use in the apparatus of FIG. 1;
[0045] FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view from the rear of the
loaded cartridge of FIG. 8;
[0046] FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of the loaded cartridge of
FIG. 8;
[0047] FIG. 11 is an enlarged section from FIG. 10;
[0048] FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view from the front of a
nozzle mechanism for use in the apparatus of FIG. 1;
[0049] FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view from the rear of the
nozzle mechanism of FIG. 12;
[0050] FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the rear of the nozzle
mechanism of FIG. 12, in a closed condition;
[0051] FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the rear of the nozzle
mechanism of FIG. 12, in an open condition;
[0052] FIG. 16 is a schematic side view of a nozzle and container
assembly for use the apparatus of FIG. 1, with the valve in a
closed position;
[0053] FIG. 17 is a schematic side view of the nozzle and container
assembly of FIG. 16, with the valve in an open position;
[0054] FIG. 18 is a schematic side view of an ice-breaker
arrangement for the apparatus of FIG. 1, with the cartridge in a
closed condition on the housing;
[0055] FIG. 19 shows the ice-breaker arrangement of FIG. 19, with
the cartridge in a partially open condition on the housing.
[0056] FIG. 20 is a schematic perspective view of a loaded
cartridge similar to FIG. 8, but incorporating a manual dispensing
lever in a closed position;
[0057] FIG. 21 is the same as FIG. 20 but shows the manual
dispensing lever in an open position;
[0058] FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the
discharge end of the cartridge of FIG. 20;
[0059] FIG. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the
discharge end of the cartridge of FIG. 20;
[0060] FIG. 24 is an exploded schematic perspective view of the
discharge end of the cartridge of FIGS. 20 to 23;
[0061] FIG. 25 is a schematic cross sectional side view showing the
cartridge of FIGS. 20 to 24 in use on a modified dispensing
apparatus incorporating a top mounted refrigeration unit and user
interface;
[0062] FIG. 26 is a schematic perspective view from the front of
the apparatus of FIG. 25;
[0063] FIG. 27 is a schematic side view of the apparatus of FIGS.
35 and 26 with the cartridge in an open position extending from the
front of the apparatus;
[0064] FIG. 28 is similar to FIG. 27, but shows a variant in which
the cartridge opens from the rear of the apparatus;
[0065] FIG. 29 is similar to FIGS. 27 and 28, but shows a variant
in which the container is loaded through a door in the top of the
apparatus; and
[0066] FIG. 30 is a schematic perspective view showing multiple
dispensing apparatus in communication with a remote refrigeration
unit.
[0067] Referring firstly to FIG. 1, an apparatus for dispensing
food product, more particularly frozen or semi-frozen confections
such as ice cream or sorbet and the like, is indicated generally at
100.
[0068] The apparatus 100 consists of a housing 102 in which a
container 104 of product to be dispensed can be removably located.
As described in more detail below, the apparatus 100 includes a
dispensing mechanism 106, only part of which is illustrated in FIG.
1. The dispensing mechanism 106 is provided for compressing the
container 104, in order to express food product from the container
104. The container 104 is arranged in communication with a
dispensing nozzle 108. Product from the container 104 is expressed
into a receptacle, e.g. a cone or cup, through the dispensing
nozzle 108. In this embodiment, the dispensing nozzle 108 is
provided on the housing 102. The housing 102 further includes a
drip tray 110, which is positioned below the dispensing nozzle
108.
[0069] In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the container 104 is located on
a drawer or cartridge 112, which is movable within the housing 102
between an extended or open position (e.g. for loading/unloading a
container 104) and a stowed or closed position (e.g. ready for
dispensing product from the container 104). In exemplary
embodiments, the cartridge 112 is arranged for sliding movement
relative to the housing 102 between the open and closed positions,
e.g. on guide rails or another mechanical arrangement between the
cartridge 112 and the housing 102. In the illustrated embodiment,
movement of the cartridge 112 occurs on a substantially horizontal
axis.
[0070] In the illustrated embodiment, the container 104 is loaded
directly into the cartridge 112, e.g. when the cartridge 112 is in
an open position. More particularly, the cartridge 112 defines an
open topped compartment (e.g. having a base, opposing sides
perpendicular to the base, and two ends orthogonal to the sides).
Hence, the container 104 can be loaded into the cartridge 112 from
above, i.e. through the open top of the compartment, when the
cartridge 112 is in a suitably open position relative to the
housing 102.
[0071] In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing mechanism 106 is
arranged for travel with the cartridge 112. In the illustrated
embodiment, the dispensing mechanism 106 is mounted on the
cartridge 112, more particularly on an end wall of the compartment.
Advantageously, the cartridge 112 can be removed from the housing
102, e.g. for cleaning or maintenance, wherein the dispensing
mechanism 106 is removed from the housing with the cartridge
112.
[0072] The housing 102 includes a lock arrangement (not shown)
configured to prevent opening or movement of the cartridge 112
relative to the housing 102 when the dispensing mechanism 106 is
operational.
[0073] The housing 102 is, in effect, a refrigerated cabinet, for
keeping the container 104 and product therein at a refrigerated
temperature. The specific temperature (or range of temperatures)
will be dependent upon the characteristics and desired dispensed
state of the product. In exemplary embodiments, the product is held
at a temperature in the range of approximately -18.degree. C. to
-20.degree. C. or lower. In such embodiments, the intention is to
ensure that all water present in the product remains frozen,
thereby ensuring optimum shelf life for the product inside the
container 104. It will be understood that the presence or
appearance of unfrozen water within the product in the container
104 may cause the product to degrade at a more rapid pace (e.g. as
a result of re-freezing effects) than if all of the water remains
frozen at all times within the housing 102.
[0074] In exemplary embodiments, the housing 102 includes a
refrigeration unit (not shown), which may be of any form suitable
for maintaining the frozen confection, such as ice cream or sorbet,
at the desired storage temperature. In exemplary embodiments, the
container 104 is wholly enclosed in the refrigerated housing
102.
[0075] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus 100 is configured to
provide close cooperation between the housing 102 and the cartridge
112, particularly between any moving parts, areas of physical
abutment, in order to reduce or eliminate areas for the build up of
ice. This may include the use of a magnetic closure between the
housing 102 and the cartridge 112 (i.e. for the stowed position)
and may include heater tape or the like where appropriate, as in
conventional freezer cabinets, in particular on the sliding parts
and on areas of abutment between the cartridge 112 and the housing
102.
[0076] In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the housing 102 is configured
for receiving multiple containers 104. More particularly, the
housing 102 incorporates multiple cartridges 112, each configured
to receive a container 104 and each having its own dispensing
mechanism 106 for expressing product from the container. This can
enable the apparatus 100 to be used for dispensing different
flavours and/or types of frozen or semi-frozen product. In the
embodiment of FIG. 1, the cartridges 112 are arranged side-by-side
and arranged for parallel sliding movement within the housing 102.
However, in other embodiments the multiple cartridges 112 may be
arranged differently, e.g. one above another with in-line or
off-set nozzles 108 and a single drip tray 110.
[0077] Although the illustrated apparatus 100 is configured for
dispensing from two containers 104 (e.g. simultaneously), other
embodiments may be configured for housing only a single container
104, or three or more containers 104.
[0078] In exemplary embodiments, the containers 104 for use in the
apparatus 100 take the form of a bulk source of product, e.g.
containing multiple portions of food product prior to a first
dispensing operation.
[0079] An example of a suitable container 104 is shown in FIG. 2.
The container 104 has a body 114 of generally cylindrical form. The
body 114 is generally circular in plan view and defines a central
longitudinal axis X, extending left to right as viewed in FIG.
2.
[0080] The container 104 has an outlet 116 at a first end 118 of
the body 114. In this embodiment, the outlet 116 is aligned with
the central longitudinal axis X of the container 104. In this
embodiment, the opposite end 120 of the body 114 is closed. Hence,
the container 104 is intended to be filled with product through the
outlet 116. This means that, once filled, the outlet 116 is the
only place from which product may be expressed or accessed from the
container 104, without breaking into the body 114.
[0081] The outlet 116 defines a neck 122 configured for connection
to a closure cap (not shown), e.g. for storage purposes. The neck
122 is also configured for connection with the dispensing nozzle
108 on the apparatus 100. To that extent, the neck 122 includes
radially protruding collar 121 with an angled face 123 for sealing
engagement in an inlet on the dispensing apparatus 100 during the
application of load to a closed end of the container 104 (e.g. as
will be described in more detail below).
[0082] The container 104 is intended to be at least partially
pre-filled with ice cream or other frozen or semi-frozen
confection, e.g. through the outlet 116. In exemplary embodiments,
the filling operation takes place at a packing location remote from
the dispensing location. The at least partially filled container
104 will typically be stored and transported to the dispensing
location under chilled or freezing conditions (as necessary to
maintain the product in a desired state).
[0083] The container 104 is of collapsible form, to enable the
internal volume of the container 104 to be reduced in order to
express product through the outlet 116. More particularly, the body
114 is configured for coaxial collapse along the central
longitudinal axis X of the body 114 in the direction of the outlet
116.
[0084] In the illustrated embodiment, the body 114 is of a
generally concertina-like form, defining a plurality of
convolutions or concertina sections 124, which are configured to
collapse when the closed end 120 of the container 104 is moved in
the direction of the outlet 116 (e.g. as product is expressed from
the outlet 116).
[0085] As shown in FIG. 3, the closed end 120 of the container 104
includes a recess 126 for locating a plunger or other dispensing
head (not shown) intended for engaging the closed end 120 of the
container 104 and for compressing the container 104 along the
central longitudinal axis X (e.g. as will be described in more
detail below).
[0086] In exemplary embodiments, the end surface of the dispensing
head (i.e. the part which engages the container in use) may be
configured to fit over the closed end 120 of the container (e.g. so
that the recess 126 may be omitted), and/or may define an annular
recess for accommodating the periphery of the container 104 when
the container 104 is in its fully compressed state.
[0087] In exemplary embodiments, the container 104 is of
blow-moulded construction. The side walls of the container 104 may
be of self-supporting construction, i.e. so that the container 104
maintains a configuration at least substantially as shown in FIG. 2
prior to filling or compression. In exemplary embodiments, the
container 104 is blow moulded and then compressed and held in a
compressed state, prior to filling (e.g. in order to reduce
shipping volumes). In other embodiments, the container 104 may have
a normally collapsed state, prior to filling.
[0088] A dispensing mechanism 106 for use with the housing 102 and
the container 104 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 4
to 7.
[0089] The dispensing mechanism 106 includes a dispensing head 146
which is configured for engagement with the closed end of the
container, for compressing the container 104 along the axis X. A
front face 148 of the dispensing head 146 includes a projection 150
(see FIG. 4) configured to nest within the recess 126 in the closed
end 120 of the container 104, to ensure correct location of the
dispensing head 146 relative to the container 104 prior to
operation of the dispensing mechanism 106.
[0090] The dispensing mechanism 106 of this embodiment incorporates
a scissor-type linkage 128 which is movable between a retracted
position (e.g. as illustrated in FIG. 4) and an extended position
(e.g. as illustrated in FIG. 6), for compressing a container 104
via the dispensing head 146. More particularly, the dispensing head
146 is mounted at one end of the linkage 128.
[0091] In this embodiment, the axis of movement of the linkage is
generally horizontal (e.g. parallel with the axis of movement of
the cartridge 112 within the housing 102).
[0092] In exemplary embodiments, the scissor-type linkage 128
includes at least four linkage members 127, which are arranged for
pivoting movement relative to one another, in order to extend or
retract the position of the dispensing head 146. In the embodiment
of FIGS. 4 to 7, the scissor-type linkage 128 includes six linkage
members 127.
[0093] The dispensing mechanism 106 includes a motor 130 and a
gearbox 132, which are arranged for powered rotation of a lead
screw 134. The lead screw 134 cooperates with the scissor-type
linkage 128 in a mechanical manner, so that rotation of the lead
screw 134 in a first direction (e.g. clock-wise) causes movement of
linkage 128 in a first direction (e.g. from a retracted position to
an extended position, and vice versa. Hence, exemplary embodiments
of lead screw 134 have right- and left-hand threads for operation
of the scissor mechanism 128 in two (opposite) directions.
[0094] The lead screw 134 is carried by the linkage 128, and so
moves from left to right as viewed in FIGS. 5 and 7, e.g. as the
linkage 128 moves from its retracted position to its extended
position. As a result, the position of the motor 130 and gearbox
132 changes as the linkage 128 moves from its retracted position to
its extended position. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 7, the
direction of movement of the motor 130 and gearbox 132 is parallel
with the axis of movement of the linkage 128.
[0095] The linkage 128 is provided in a frame 136 which can be
incorporated into a cartridge 112 for mounting in the housing 102.
The frame 136 includes a rear plate 138 on which the linkage 128 is
mounted and a front plate 140 which includes an aperture 142
through which the neck 122 of the container 104 can be fitted.
Support elements 144 are provided between the front and rear plates
138, 140, to reinforce and strengthen the frame 136 against
twisting forces during operation of the dispensing mechanism
106.
[0096] It will be understood that the cartridge 112 defines an
open-topped compartment 129 for receiving the container 100. The
compartment 129 has front and rear pressure plates 140, 138 which
are fixed relative to one another, e.g. by side plates 136 and tie
bars 144. and the dispensing mechanism 106 is carried on the
compartment. Hence, operating pressures during a dispensing
operation will be substantially restricted to the confines of the
cartridge 112.
[0097] FIGS. 8 and 9 show the dispensing mechanism 106 of FIGS. 4
to 7 incorporated into the cartridge 112 of FIG. 1. As can be seen,
a container 104 has been fitted into the cartridge 112, i.e. with
the neck 122 of the container 104 arranged through the aperture 144
in the front plate 140 of the frame 136, and with the dispensing
head 146 located for nested engagement with the closed end 120 of
the container 104. The dispensing mechanism 106 can then be
operated to compress the container 104 along the axis of collapse
X, so as to express a volume of product from the container 104,
i.e. through the outlet 116 of the container 104.
[0098] In other embodiments (not shown), the dispensing mechanism
106 may include an actuator (e.g. a linear actuator) having an
output which is arranged to move from a first position to second
position (e.g. from a retracted position to an extended position)
for driving the dispensing head 146 in a container deforming
direction. For example, the lead screw and scissor mechanism may be
replaced by a linear actuator arranged behind the dispensing head
146, with an output arranged to move in a direction concentric with
the axis of collapse X of the container 104, e.g. in a generally
horizontal direction, for deforming and collapsing the container
104 in the direction of the front plate 138. The axis of movement
of the output may be concentric with the axis of movement of the
plunger and/or the desired axis of collapse of the container. The
linear actuator may be motor driven. In exemplary embodiments, the
linear actuator is mounted on the cartridge 112.
[0099] However, the use of the scissor-type linkage 128 and lead
screw 134 has multiple advantages. For example, it allows for a
large movement in the dispensing direction in response to a
comparatively small movement (in terms of rotational travel) of the
lead screw. It facilitates a very compact arrangement, in which the
height and depth of the apparatus can be minimised, rendering the
apparatus suitable for a wide variety of retail environments (e.g.
for use on standard counters worldwide. The provision of the motor
130 underneath the scissor linkage 128 further adds to the compact
dimensions of the dispensing mechanism 106. Moreover, the use of a
horizontal axis for dispensing operations renders the dispensing
mechanism 106 readily suitable for use in a compact cartridge
system of the kind shown in FIG. 1. This also overcomes health and
safety issues concerning lifting of heavy apparatus. The
refrigerated housing 102 can be moved independently of the
cartridges 112 and dispensing mechanism 106. After sales service
also becomes non-specialist. For example, a fault can be analysed
and replacement components can be shipped and easily installed,
minimising downtime. Replacement cartridges 112 can be stored for
use in such situations.
[0100] As mentioned above, product from the container 104 is
expressed through a dispensing nozzle 108. An exemplary embodiment
of a dispensing nozzle 108 for use with the housing 102 and
container 104 is shown in FIGS. 12 to 17.
[0101] In this embodiment, the dispensing nozzle 108 includes a
tubular inlet 154, which is configured for receiving the neck 120
of the container 104. The inlet 154 has an inlet axis which is
intended to be generally concentric with the axis of collapse of
the container 104 in use. In exemplary embodiments, the inlet 154
extends inside the housing 102, so that the neck 120 of the
container 104 remains inside the refrigerated housing 102 when
fitted into said inlet 154. As can be seen in FIGS. 16 and 17, the
annular collar 121 on the neck 114 of the container 104 is arranged
with its sloping face 123 in sealing abutment with the internal
surface of the inlet 154.
[0102] The dispensing nozzle 108 further includes an outlet 156
having an outlet axis generally orthogonal to the inlet axis, i.e.
so as to be generally orthogonal to the axis of collapse of the
container 104 in use. The dispensing nozzle 108 is fitted to or
forms part of the front of the cartridge 112.
[0103] The dispensing nozzle 108 includes a valve mechanism,
indicated generally at 158, having a closed condition (in which the
flow of product from the outlet 156 is prevented) and an open
condition (in which the flow of product from the outlet 156 is
permitted). A valve member 160 is movable in a generally vertical
tube 162 between a raised position, in which passage from the inlet
154 to the outlet 156 is open (FIG. 16), and a lowered position in
which passage from the inlet 154 to the outlet 156 is closed (FIG.
17), and vice versa.
[0104] The valve mechanism 158 can be manually operated, e.g. via a
mechanical linkage in communication with valve member 160, or may
be automatically controlled. In the illustrated embodiment, a drive
motor 164 is operable to move a push rod 166, in order to rotate a
linkage 168 and drive movement of the valve member 160 between its
closed and open positions (see FIGS. 14 and 15, respectively). Such
operation of the valve mechanism 158 may be in response to a
command from a control system which controls the dispensing
operations of the apparatus 100, e.g. as described further
below.
[0105] FIGS. 20 to 24 show a modified cartridge 112 substantially
as described above, but wherein the valve mechanism 158 is manually
operated. In this embodiment, the dispensing nozzle 108 includes a
dispensing handle or lever 200 for manually controlling the
position of a valve member 160, e.g. for switching between the
closed condition in which product is blocked against passage
through the nozzle 108 and an open condition in which the product
is able to be dispensed through the outlet of the nozzle 108.
[0106] In this embodiment, the lever 200 is pivotable between a
first position (FIGS. 20 and 22) in which the valve member 160 is
in a closed position and a second position (FIGS. 21 and 23) in
which the valve member 160 is in an open position. More
particularly, the lever 200 is arranged to be hand-driven from a
lower position to an upper position in order to raise the valve
member 160 and permit flow through the nozzle 108. An appropriate
mechanical linkage indicated generally at 202, is provided between
the valve member 160 and the lever 200. Movement of the lever 200
from the upper position to the lower position closes the valve
mechanism 160. In exemplary embodiments, the lever 200 or linkage
202 is spring-loaded to return to its closed position in the
absence of manual pressure. This prevents undesired dispensing via
the nozzle 108.
[0107] As can be seen in FIG. 24, the nozzle 108 includes an outlet
part 204 which is releasably secured on the front of the cartridge
112, e.g. by locators 206 such as screws. This enables
straightforward removal of the outlet part 204 from the cartridge
112, in order to facilitate cleaning of the outlet part 204 and the
valve member 160 (which is slidably removable from the outlet part
204, once the outlet part 204 has been removed from the cartridge
112).
[0108] The outlet part 204 defines a tube or sleeve 208 in which
the valve member 160 can reciprocate under action of the lever 200.
Food product is dispensed from the lower end of the tube 208, when
the valve member 160 is in its open position.
[0109] The valve member 160 includes opposing projections 210 at
its upper end, for connection of the valve member 160 to the
mechanical linkage 202. The sleeve 208 includes opposing slots 212
to permit travel of the projections 210 during movement of the
valve member 160 within the tube 208.
[0110] The outlet part 204 includes a tubular part which defines
the inlet 154 for the neck 120 of the container 104, to provide a
path of communication between the nozzle 108 and the container 104
in the cartridge 112. The inlet 154 extends inside the refrigerated
housing 102, and the neck 120 of a container 104 in the cartridge
112 remains within the refrigerated housing 102 when the cartridge
112 is in its closed position. The inlet 154 may be integral with
the outlet part 204 or otherwise removable from the housing 102
after removal of the outlet part 204, for cleaning purposes.
[0111] In exemplary embodiments, the inlet 154 is of heat
conductive material, e.g. metallic (such as from Aluminium), to
provide a thermal link between the refrigerated housing 102 and the
outlet part 204 of the nozzle 108 (e.g. for maintaining product
temporarily stored in the outlet part 204 at a refrigerated
temperature).
[0112] As can be seen in FIGS. 20 and 23, the annular collar 121 on
the neck 114 of the container 104 is arranged with its sloping face
123 in sealing abutment with the internal surface of the inlet
154.
[0113] As can be seen from FIG. 24, the housing 102 includes a
tubular projection 214, which acts as a guide for the inlet
154.
[0114] Although not illustrated, a thermally insulated cover may be
removably fitted over the nozzle 108 or the front face of the
cartridge 112 when the apparatus is idle, in order to prevent or
minimise heating of the nozzle 108 (and any product therein), e.g.
as a result of direct sunlight. The cover may be secured by a
magnetic connection, for example. A separate cover may be provided
for fitting over guide 214 (see FIG. 24), when the nozzle 108 has
been removed for cleaning This cover may be held in place by the
locators 206, for example.
[0115] It will be understood that operation of the dispensing
mechanism 106 is automated in exemplary embodiments, e.g. via the
motor 130. The apparatus 100 may include an electronic control
system for controlling the automation of the dispensing mechanism
106, e.g. as indicated generally at 220 in FIG. 1. The control
system 220 will typically be located inside the housing 102.
[0116] The control system 220 may be arranged in communication with
the valve mechanism 158 on the apparatus 100. For those embodiments
in which the apparatus 100 includes a manually controlled valve
mechanism 158 for selectively permitting/preventing the flow of
product from the apparatus 100 (e.g. incorporating a movable valve
member 160 of the kind referred to above), the apparatus 100 may be
configured so that the dispensing mechanism 106 is activated to
apply a compressive load to the container 104 for a dispensing
operation upon the valve mechanism 158 being switched from a closed
condition to an open condition (e.g. via movement of the lever
200). Similarly, switching the valve mechanism 158 from the open
condition to the closed condition will deactivate the motor 130 and
thereby interrupt or end the dispensing operation. This may be
achieved by the use of micro switches (not shown) in communication
between the lever 200 and the control system 220, for example.
[0117] In other embodiments, the act of switching between the
`valve closed` and `valve open` conditions can be used to control
the motor 130 for a predetermined time period or predetermined
operation of the motor 130 or lead screw 134, in order to automate
a specific dispensing operation (e.g. for a desired portion size).
The control system 220 can be programmed to close the valve
mechanism 158 at the end of a portion dispensing operation.
[0118] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus 100 is configured
for dispensing a range of portion sizes. For example, the apparatus
100 may include a switch, dial or other adjustable controller, to
enable an operator to preset the control system with one or more
different portion sizes to be dispensed by operation of the
dispensing mechanism 106 and/or valve mechanism 158. The specific
volume for each portion size can be adjusted as desired via the
control system 220.
[0119] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus 100 includes a
control panel or user interface, e.g. as indicated generally at 230
in FIG. 1, by means of which an operator can activate the
dispensing mechanism 106, e.g. for a fully automated dispensing
operation. Typically, the user interface 230 will include multiple
selection options, e.g. representative of different dispensing
operations, such as to dispense a small, medium and large portion
sizes (indicated e.g. by price, size or volume), and/or to provide
for continuous dispensing via a free serve option. This can be
achieved by any suitable command input means (indicated generally
at 232 in FIG. 1), such as one or more buttons, dials or a touch
screen interface, for example as part of the control panel 230.
[0120] In exemplary embodiments of the apparatus 100, the control
system 220 is operable in response to a selection or command made
via the user interface 130 on the housing 102. In exemplary
embodiments, the control system 220 is programmed to control
rotation of the lead screw 134, via the drive motor 130, in
response to the selection or command.
[0121] It will be understood that, in exemplary embodiments, the
drive motor 130 has a rotatable output shaft or other rotatable
part. An encoder, e.g. an optical rotary encoder (indicated
generally at 240 in FIG. 6, by way of example) is arranged in
association with said rotatable shaft/part, to enable the number of
revolutions of said shaft/part to be monitored. It will be
understood that the number of revolutions will equate to a relative
distance of travel of the dispensing head 146 (e.g. via expansion
of the scissor-type linkage 128). This data may be used to monitor
the volume of product dispensed from the container 104 (and/or the
volume remaining in the container 104).
[0122] In other embodiments, the encoder 240 may be arranged in
association with the lead screw 134 or any other rotating part
between the lead screw 134 and the motor 130, so that the number of
revolutions can be monitored and equated with movement or relative
position of the dispensing head 146.
[0123] It will be understood that a control system 220 of the kind
discussed above can also be incorporated into those embodiments
having a linear actuator or other actuator for controlling movement
of the dispensing head 146 (e.g. instead of the motor-driven lead
screw arrangement described above). For example, the actuator may
incorporate a motor drive for driving the actuator output from a
retracted position to an extended position, to drive the dispensing
head 146 against the container 104 (e.g. via a mechanical linkage
or other mechanism for transferring drive from the motor to the
dispensing head 146). In exemplary embodiments, the motor drive
includes a rotatable shaft or other rotary component, and the
encoder is arranged for monitoring rotation thereof, to indicate a
corresponding movement or relative position of the dispensing head
146.
[0124] The control system 220 may be programmed to retract the
dispensing head 146 automatically to a fully retracted position
(remote from the closed end 120 of the container 104 and spaced
therefrom to enable the container 104 to be removed and replaced),
hereinafter referred to as its `home` position, when the encoder
data indicates that a predefined number of revolutions of the motor
output has been reached or that a specific position of the
dispensing head 146 has been reached (e.g. indicative that the
container is substantially empty). The control system 220 may be
programmed to reset the readings from the encoder 240, each time
the dispensing head 146 is returned to its home position (e.g. when
retracted fully to replace a container 104).
[0125] Since each revolution of the motor output will relates to a
specific degree of linear travel of the dispensing head 146, a
predefined number of revolutions can be used to indicate a specific
portion size of product dispensed from the container 104 via the
dispensing mechanism 106. This can be converted into volume data,
so that the control system 220 can be programmed to calculate the
volume of product left in the container 104 at any given time. This
data may be stored internally or communicated to a remote location,
e.g. a central control station (indicated generally at 250 in FIG.
1).
[0126] The control system 220 can be programmed to record and
transmit a variety of data, such as the time when the container 104
was deemed to be empty or in need of replacement, the volume of
product and/or the number of portions (per size) remaining in the
container 104, the time delay between the container being deemed to
be empty and a new container being loaded into the apparatus 100,
the type of portions dispensed per container/cartridge
(size/time/date), the volume dispensed (volume/time/date), etc. In
exemplary embodiments, this data may be accessed remotely, by wired
or wireless communication with the control system 220, e.g. at any
time.
[0127] The control system 220 may be programmed to stop or prevent
all dispensing operations if the cartridge 112 is moved to an open
position on the housing 102. The control system 220 may be
programmed to lock the cartridge 112 against being opened unless
the dispensing head 146 is in its home position.
[0128] A exemplary method of dispensing ice cream or other frozen
or semi-frozen confection from the apparatus 100 is as follows:
[0129] Firstly, a suitably filled container 104 is loaded into the
apparatus 100, with the container 104 correctly located between the
dispensing nozzle 108 and the dispensing head 146, and with the
valve member 160 in a closed position to prevent egress of
product.
[0130] In exemplary embodiments, the container 104 is enclosed in
the refrigerated housing 102 and is held at a temperature in the
range of approximately -18.degree. C. to -20.degree. C. or
lower.
[0131] A user selects a dispensing option 232 from the interface
230 on the housing 102. In general terms, the control system 220 is
operable to cause the dispensing head 146 to apply a compressive
load to the container 104 (e.g. through rotation of the lead screw
134). Provided that the product within the container 104 is not too
hard, continued movement of the dispensing head 146 will cause the
container 104 to deform under load (e.g. in a direction coaxial
with its longitudinal axis X), so that product can be expressed
through the outlet 116 on the container 104.
[0132] In exemplary embodiments, the control system 220 monitors
data from the encoder 240 so that only a predefined number of
revolutions of the motor output occurs, for dispensing a portion of
product corresponding to option selected by the user. The control
system 220 operates the valve mechanism 158, whereby the valve
member 160 moves to its closed position to prevent further
dispensing. However, if a free serve option is selected, the lead
screw 134 will be rotated until the option is deselected (e.g. by
releasing a button 232 on the user interface 230 on the housing
102). The control system 220 monitors data from the encoder 240, in
order to assess the volume dispensed, and may activate an auto-cut
off after a predefined time period or predefined number of
revolutions, in order to prevent abuse of the free serve
option.
[0133] In embodiments in which operation of the dispensing
mechanism 106 is manually controlled (i.e. without automated
portion control), the apparatus 100 may still incorporate an
encoder system of the kind described above. In such embodiments,
data from the encoder 240 is not used to provide portion control.
Rather, the data can be used to monitor the volume of product
remaining in the container and/or recording data indicative of the
size of portions dispensed via each dispensing operation).
[0134] For embodiments in which the apparatus 100 includes a manual
dispensing handle 200 for controlling operation of the drive motor
130, a vibrator or the like may be incorporated into or adjacent
the dispensing handle 200 or nozzle for transmitting a vibration or
other physical signal to the user via the handle 200, e.g. if a
predetermined portion size has been reached (e.g. as determined by
an encoder 240 in the manner described above).
[0135] The application of a load to the container 104 via the
dispensing head 146 leads to an increase in the pressure inside the
container 104, e.g. by compressing air voids inside the product
within the container 104. This may lead to a radial expansion of
the container, and an increase in load on the product in the
container (e.g. a reaction force between the product and the
stretched container material). However, it will be understood that
the pressure inside the container 104 may reduce as product is
dispensed, particularly if the lead screw 134 is inactive for any
reason, or if the load applied to the container 104 by the
dispensing head 146 is insufficient to maintain the pressure level
within the container 104 at a desired level as the container is
compressed.
[0136] For any given frozen or semi frozen product to be dispensed,
there will be a minimum pressure value that is required in order to
cause the product to express from the outlet. In exemplary
embodiments, a control system (e.g. the same control system 220 for
the dispensing mechanism 106) is programmed to monitor the pressure
inside the container 104 during dispensing operations, e.g. in
order to maintain a sufficient pressure for express of product from
the container 104.
[0137] In exemplary embodiments, e.g. as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11,
a load cell 170 is provided to monitor pressure during a dispensing
operation. In the illustrated embodiment, the load cell 170 forms
part of the dispensing mechanism 106 and is arranged between the
rear wall 138 and the linkage 128. The apparatus and methods
described herein may incorporate other force detection devices
(e.g. strain gauges or relief valve systems) suitable for
monitoring changes in pressure within the container 104 during a
dispensing operation (e.g. for detecting the reaction force from
the container 104 under load from the dispensing head 146).
[0138] Alternatively, the control system 220 may be configured to
monitor electrical changes during a dispensing operation, e.g.
changes in motor current, in order to indicate changes in pressure
inside the container 104.
[0139] In exemplary embodiments, the control system 220 can operate
to automatically reduce, interrupt or cease operation of the drive
motor 130 if the pressure exceeds a threshold value, e.g.
indicative that the product is too hard to be expressed. The load
applied by the dispensing head 146 can then be increased after a
short time period, e.g. as a check to see whether the product is
still too hard to be expressed. If the pressure remains at a `too
hard` level, the motor can be automatically reversed, in order to
retract the dispensing head 146 and present the container 104 ready
for replacement with another container 104. The motor 130 may have
a higher voltage applied when the dispensing head 146 is being
moved in a return direction, e.g. to minimise the time required
during changeover of containers 104.
[0140] In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing head 146 is used to
apply a compressive load to the container 104 before the control
system 220 operates to open the valve mechanism 158, e.g. to
generate a predetermined pressure within the container 104 suitable
for expressing the product from the container under normal
conditions. In exemplary embodiments, this step is carried out when
a new container 104 is loaded and the cartridge 112 closed. The
control system 220 may be programmed to hold the dispensing head
146 at that position or pressure for a pre-set time period, e.g. in
`ready to dispense` condition. The dispensing head 146 can be
automatically reversed to a `stand-by` condition (e.g. with a
reduced or relieved load on the container 104) if the control
system 220 detects that the dispensing head 146 has been held in
`ready` mode for a pre-set time period without carrying out a
dispensing operation. Similarly, the control system 220 may move
the dispensing head 146 to a `ready to dispense` condition after
each dispensing operation, followed by automatic retraction to a
`stand-by` condition if the control system 220 detects that the
dispensing head 146 has been held in its `ready to dispense` mode
for a pre-set time period without carrying out a further dispensing
operation. In exemplary embodiments, the `stand-by` pressure is low
enough to eliminate or minimise loss of overrun in the product
within the container 104 (which might otherwise occur if the
container 104 was continually held at a `ready to dispense`
condition). In exemplary embodiments, the `stand-by` pressure is
sufficient to maintain the outlet 116 in appropriate communication
with the dispensing nozzle 108, e.g. with the sealing face 123 on
the collar 121 in sealing abutment with the inlet 214.
[0141] If the pressure data indicates that the pressure inside the
container 104 is sufficient to cause product to express from the
outlet 116, the control system 220 can reduce or temporarily
interrupt operation of the drive motor 130. It may be desirable to
indicate an upper threshold at which point the control system 220
will be configured to temporarily deactivate the drive motor 130.
Of course, this will lead to a reduction in the pressure inside the
container 104. However, the control system 220 can be configured to
re-activate the drive motor 130 when the detected pressure reaches
a minimum required value. This process can be repeated as necessary
for a desired dispensing operation (e.g. for dispensing a
particular portion size as selected by a user of the apparatus
100), wherein the operation of the motor is regulated to maintain
the pressure between said upper and lower thresholds.
[0142] For those embodiments which rely on electrical changes to
indicate the state of pressure within the container 104, the motor
130 may be controlled to operate at a first speed in order to
increase the pressure on the container 104 (for the `ready to
dispense` condition) until a predetermined level is reached (e.g.
indicated by the current of the motor 130). The valve mechanism 158
may then be triggered to open, which in turn triggers a second
speed for compressing the container and expressing product through
its outlet 116. The time period of the operation at said second
speed (which may be lower than the first speed) can be set to
desired level relevant for dispensing a specific size of
portion.
[0143] Importantly, the encoder 240 provides accurate data for the
relative movement or position of the dispensing head 146, which
enables the control system 220 to provide accurate portion control.
This is particularly the case when operation of the dispensing head
130 is being regulated between the upper and lower thresholds.
[0144] In exemplary embodiments, a biasing element, e.g. a spring
or Belville washer (not shown) is installed with or forms part of
the dispensing mechanism 106, and is arranged for biasing the end
of the container 104 against the front plate of the frame, for
reducing the motor load required to drive the dispensing heading
146 in a dispensing direction.
[0145] In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing head 146 remains in
contact with the container 104 (e.g. at a degree of compression of
the container 104), so that the time to reach the required `ready
to dispense` pressure is kept to a minimum.
[0146] The control system 220 may be programmed to generate a
signal once the container 104 is deemed to be empty or
substantially empty, or when an estimated number of portions or
estimated product volume to be dispensed from the container 104 has
been reached, in order to minimise down-time. The control system
220 may be programmed to monitor the estimated volume of product or
estimated number of portions remaining in the container 104, and to
generate a signal to indicate that a replacement container is due
or may be imminent (e.g. within a predetermined number of portions
or within a pre-determined volume remaining)
[0147] In each case, the signal related to the empty or imminently
empty state of the container 104 may be generated in relation to
the relative position of the dispensing head 146. For example, the
control system 220 may be programmed to monitor the distance of
travel of the dispensing head 146 or the number of revolutions of
the lead screw 134, to indicate that the container 104 is (or soon
will be) in a fully compressed state. A switch may be included, to
be triggered if the dispensing head 146 travels beyond a certain
position, indicative of a substantially compressed container 104.
This switch or any signal related to the empty state of the
container 104 may provide an override function for the dispensing
mechanism 106, to prevent operation of the dispensing head 146 when
the volume of product in the container is below a predefined level.
At this point, the control system 220 may be programmed to return
the dispensing head 146 automatically to the fully retracted
position, ready for an unloading and reloading operation.
[0148] In exemplary embodiments, the control system 220 is
configured for automatically activating heater tape or other
de-icing means provided between the cartridge 112 and the
refrigerated housing 102, to break down ice build up between the
sliding parts and regions of abutment between the cartridge 112 and
the housing 102 to facilitate easy opening of the cartridge 112 for
an unloading/reloading operation, e.g. during or after retraction
of the dispensing head 146.
[0149] The control system 220 may be programmed to record the time
elapsed between the generation of the `empty` signal for a first
container and the generation of a `ready to dispense` pressure of a
second (replacement) container 104.
[0150] Signals and data from the control system 220 may be
transmitted by a hard wired or wireless link to a remote central
control station 250 (e.g. as shown in FIG. 1) or other remote
manager (e.g. by email, telephone call or MMS to a store manager or
other employee tasked with monitoring the operative state of the
machine). The data can be formatted and transmitted in which ever
electronic format(s) and to which ever location(s) is desired by
the control station or remote manager 250.
[0151] In exemplary embodiments, the control system 220 is
programmed to evaluate or report the volume of product remaining in
the container 104 against a time schedule, in order to determine
whether the container 104 has sufficient volume for previously
defined `peak` periods of use in the day. This data can be used to
ensure that a suitably-filled replacement container 104 is loaded
ahead of known peak periods. The partially dispensed container 104
can be removed and returned to cold storage.
[0152] The control system 220 may be programmed to prevent
operation of the dispensing mechanism 106 if the temperature within
the refrigerated housing 102 is detected as being above a
predefined level. In exemplary embodiments, this auto-shut down
function may be time dependent. For example, in the event of a
power cut, the temperature within the housing 102 may drop below a
predefined level but be restored to a desired level after a short
period of time (since power cuts in most industrial countries are
commonly dealt with in a short time period), in which case the
product in the container 104 will not be adversely affected in the
interim period. However, where the loss of temperature is due to a
mechanical fault, for example, the loss of temperature is unlikely
to be restored until the fault is attended to. If the fault occurs
out of normal working hours, the time period for repairing the
fault may be significant, in which case the product in the
container 104 is more likely to be adversely affected. The control
system 220 can be programmed to prevent such product from being
subsequently dispensed via the apparatus 100, and can report such
critical data.
[0153] The control system 220 may be configured to switch
automatically to a DE-ICE MODE every time the container 104 is
deemed to be empty and/or ready for replacement, e.g as described
above.
[0154] Electrically-operated de-icing means, e.g. fan
heaters/heater tapes or the like (not shown) may be fitted to or
adjacent critical areas of the dispensing mechanism 106, to prevent
ice build up and adverse noise during dispensing operations.
[0155] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus 100 is configured so
that the control system 220 can be used to operate dedicated heater
systems (not shown) located in areas of the housing/cartridge to
ensure a complete de-icing of the apparatus within a desired time
period, e.g. to allow easy removal or opening of the cartridge, and
or maintenance or cleaning of the cartridge.
[0156] It may be desirable to use containers 104 of different axial
lengths for the same apparatus 100, in which case the control
system 220 may be programmed to determine which length of product
has been installed (through initial movement of the dispensing head
146 into a compression state of engagement with the container 104),
e.g. to determine the volume of product in the container 104.
[0157] Although described with reference to a specific container
104 which is collapsible along a longitudinal axis, other forms of
container may be used. For example, exemplary embodiments may
include a container which takes the form of a tube and piston
arrangement (not shown), wherein the tube is at least partially
filled with ice cream and has a dispensing outlet or nozzle
arranged for dispensing product from the tube, and wherein a piston
is slidable within the tube, so as to move in response to movement
of a suitably configured dispensing head 146 on the apparatus 100,
so as to force product to be expressed through the outlet or
nozzle. In this case, the container would not necessarily be
collapsible. Encoder readings would correspond to movements of the
piston within the tube, to provide portion control (e.g. according
to the methods described above). In other embodiments, the
container may take the form of a flexible bag of product, which can
be deformed by movement of a dispensing head 146 on the apparatus
100. It may be desirable to mount the bag within a guide, such as a
tube or other receptacle, in order to constrain deformation of the
bag in a desired direction during movement of the dispensing head
146 on the apparatus 100, in order to establish portion control via
encoder readings (e.g. according to the methods described
above).
[0158] Although described with respect to an encoder-controlled
dispensing operation which is linked directly to the compression of
the container 104, it may be desirable to control one or more
dispensing operations by `time elapsed` during activation of the
motor or lead screw or dispensing head, or during compression of
the container. A time-dependent operation may be desirable when the
container is full or nearly empty, if, for a particular product or
container configuration, it is observed that the accuracy of the
portion control via the encoder method is variable at these limits,
for example. The control system 220 may be programmed to monitor
changes in rate of dispensing from the container 104, in order to
monitor differences in portion control using the encoder
methods.
[0159] Although the above description refers to the use of rotary
encoders to monitor dispensing operations, other devices may be
used to provide automated portion control, such as linear encoders,
linear hall effect sensors, linear potentiometers, pulse inductive
(PLS) devices, linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) or
any other suitable linear positioning sensors, for providing a
direct feed of data relating to the relative position of the
dispensing head position during a dispensing operation.
[0160] It should be noted that dispensing characteristics for any
given product may change as the volume in the container decreases
(e.g. due to consolidation effects and/or the loss of air/overrun
in the product). For specific products, it may be possible to
provide a means of calibrating the control system 220 to take
account of such changes, e.g. by reference to or the creation of a
look-up chart or graph representative of such changes in dispensing
characteristics over time, in order to provide improved accuracy of
automatic portion control. Moreover, the geometry of the scissor
mechanism 128 may be such that the degree of linear travel of the
dispensing head 146 is not uniform for a specific number of
revolutions of the lead screw 134. The control system 220 can be
programmed to account for such discrepancies.
[0161] In exemplary embodiments, the dispensing operation of the
dispensing apparatus is dependent upon a payment made, e.g. by a
token, coin or bank note receiver on the apparatus or by a credit
card reader on the apparatus, wherein activation of the motor or
movement of the dispensing head is a function of the amount of
payment made. A particular problem with refrigerated housing having
moving parts (such as the dispensing mechanism) which might be
inactive at low temperatures, e.g. in the region of -14.degree. C.
to -18.degree. C. or lower, for long periods of time is the
formation of ice crystals on the moving parts, since this could
have a negative effect on the operating capacity of the moving
parts. This is a particular problem for the movement of the
cartridge 112 on the apparatus. A modified embodiment is shown in
FIGS. 18 and 19, which aims to overcome this problem.
[0162] An abutment device in the form of a rod 180 is mounted on
the dispensing head 146. The rod 180 extends rearwardly (e.g.
relative to the front plate 140) and is parallel with the sliding
axis of the drawer 112. The length of the rod if selected so that
it extends beyond the rear wall 138 (e.g. through an aperture--not
shown) in the rear wall 138. Then, if the linkage 128 is moved to a
fully retracted position when the drawer is in a stowed condition
in the apparatus 100, the rod 180 will push against an internal
surface or part of the apparatus 100 (e.g. an internal wall 182
within the housing 102 in which the drawer 112 is movable), thereby
causing the drawer to be pushed open from its stowed position. This
has the effect of cracking or otherwise releasing any ice that has
formed on the parts that cooperate to allow the drawer to be
movable on the housing (e.g. guide rails in the housing and/or on
the drawer itself).
[0163] Hence, the control system 220 can be configured to fully
retract the linkage 128 only for the purpose of opening the drawer.
A separate actuator (not shown) may be provided for fully
retracting the linkage 128, i.e. separate from the drive motor
130.
[0164] In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus 100 is configured so
that all power to the dispensing mechanism and/or nozzle and/or
valve mechanism is cut when the cartridge 112 is moved to an open
condition on the housing 102.
[0165] Referring now to FIGS. 25 to 27, there is shown an apparatus
100 which is constructed and is operable in substantially the same
manner as the various embodiments already described above. However,
in this embodiment, a compartment 260 is provided on top of the
housing 102, in which a refrigeration unit (indicated generally at
262, and including a compressor and a condenser) is provided for
refrigerating the housing 102. Also, the user interface 230,
command inputs 232 and a control unit 266 (which houses the
circuitry etc for the control system 220) are provided in the top
compartment 260, so as to be remote from the refrigerated
environment inside the housing 102.
[0166] The housing 102 includes one or more fans and an evaporator
(not shown) in communication with the refrigeration unit 262.
[0167] As can be seen clearly from FIGS. 25 and 27, the housing 102
includes a cartridge 112 and dispensing mechanism 106 of the kind
described above, wherein the container 104 is loaded into the
cartridge 112 via through the front of the housing 102. A modified
variant is shown in FIG. 28, in which the cartridge 112 slides out
from the back of the housing 102. In further modified variants, the
housing may include a top door 268 which can be opened, for loading
the container 104 directly into housing 102 (e.g. without a movable
cartridge, rather just a fixed frame for the dispensing mechanism
106, within the housing 102). An example is shown in FIG. 29. In
this example, the refrigeration unit is incorporated into the
housing 102 (i.e. are not located in a separate compartment on top
of the housing 102). Alternatively, such embodiments (or, indeed,
any of the embodiments described herein) may be connected to a
remote refrigerator unit 270 for maintaining the respective
housings 102 in a suitably refrigerated state, e.g. at temperatures
in the region of -14.degree. C. or lower (such as in the region of
-18.degree. C. or lower). An example of such an arrangement is
shown in FIG. 30.
[0168] Dispensing data stored in the apparatus 100 (e.g. recorded
by the control system 220) can be accessed on demand, and/or can be
sent to a third party for processing.
[0169] In busy outlets, many portions may need to be dispensed in a
short period of time. The apparatus 100 may therefore be configured
to provide automatic dispensing of multiple portions (e.g. of a
preset portion size) with a preset delay between individual
dispensing operations.
* * * * *