U.S. patent application number 13/640258 was filed with the patent office on 2013-04-25 for design method for building.
This patent application is currently assigned to NICE HOLDINGS, INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is Koichiro Hirata, Toshihiko Toda, Hideaki Yamazaki. Invention is credited to Koichiro Hirata, Toshihiko Toda, Hideaki Yamazaki.
Application Number | 20130097949 13/640258 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44762134 |
Filed Date | 2013-04-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130097949 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hirata; Koichiro ; et
al. |
April 25, 2013 |
DESIGN METHOD FOR BUILDING
Abstract
A design method for a building which enables an efficient design
or construction and is environment-friendly by suppressing the
occurrence of damaged materials to a minimum, and a building which
can be constructed at a low cost are provided in such a manner that
when the building is designed, a boundary surface in the height
direction of a substantially effective width (working width) in an
exterior member, a so-called siding panel, which occupies
relatively high cost is set to be an indicator for determining an
arrangement position of a window, a balcony, a canopy, further a
main entrance or the like. When a building 1 is constructed, a
lower limit position or an upper limit position of the attachment
position of a window 11, a canopy, a balcony, a main entrance and a
parapet which are arranged at an outer wall thereof is determined
by setting a working width of exterior members 13a to 131 which are
used in constructing the outer wall of the building 1 and have a
constant shape, as an indicator.
Inventors: |
Hirata; Koichiro; (Kanagawa,
JP) ; Toda; Toshihiko; (Kanagawa, JP) ;
Yamazaki; Hideaki; (Kanagawa, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Hirata; Koichiro
Toda; Toshihiko
Yamazaki; Hideaki |
Kanagawa
Kanagawa
Kanagawa |
|
JP
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
NICE HOLDINGS, INC.
Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa
JP
|
Family ID: |
44762134 |
Appl. No.: |
13/640258 |
Filed: |
December 27, 2010 |
PCT Filed: |
December 27, 2010 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2010/007570 |
371 Date: |
January 2, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/302.1 ;
52/741.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B 1/003 20130101;
E04F 13/08 20130101; E04B 2001/0053 20130101; E02D 31/02 20130101;
E04H 1/02 20130101; E04B 1/35 20130101; E04F 11/181 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/302.1 ;
52/741.4 |
International
Class: |
E02D 31/02 20060101
E02D031/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 9, 2010 |
JP |
2010-090031 |
Jun 15, 2010 |
JP |
2010-135969 |
Claims
1-7. (canceled)
8. A design method for a building, wherein when constructing a
building structure, a height dimension of an interior groundwork
member arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure on a
foundation sets a height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the
substructure, and a lower limit position or an upper limit position
of a window, a canopy, a balcony, a main entrance and a parapet
which are arranged at an outer wall of the building structure is
determined by utilizing an upper edge or a lower edge of an
exterior member in a height position which is integrally multiplied
by a working width of a single plate shaped exterior member which
is used in constructing by being sequentially faced upward along an
outer wall from a drainage of the substructure, as an
indicator.
9. The design method for a building according to claim 8, wherein
when constructing the building structure, a porch is arranged
outside of the main entrance, a plurality of beam members is
protruded outward on the porch, by being matched with a width of
the main entrance, a tip of each beam member is supported by a
column member and/or a wall member, and the upper portion of the
beam member is covered by a canopy member, or a floor surface of
the parapet or the balcony.
10. The design method for a building according to claim 9, wherein
the main entrance is designed to have the height and a desired
opening width within the height of the girt or the pole plate from
the substructure laid on the foundation, and the porch arranged
outside of the main entrance is matched with the surface of the
foundation.
11. A building, wherein when constructing the building structure, a
height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a
floor surface provided at a substructure on a foundation
configuring the building structure sets a height of a girt and/or a
pole plate from the substructure, and wherein a lower limit
position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a
balcony, a main entrance and a parapet which are arranged at the
building structure is determined by utilizing an upper edge or a
lower edge of an exterior member in a height position which is
integrally multiplied by a working width of a single plate shaped
exterior member which is used in constructing upward along an outer
wall from a drainage of the substructure, as an indicator.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a design method for a
building, particularly for a building in which an exterior member,
a so-called siding panel, is used.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] For example, in a wooden frame construction (also referred
to as a usual method of construction) where columns and beams
configure a structure, in general, a client specifically tells what
kind of exterior design and floor-plan are required for
constructing his or her detached house, with reference to a sample
pattern or a catalogue which is prepared in advance by a housing
contractor, such as a builder.
[0003] Then, the specific plan is further examined, based on design
drawings prepared by an architect or the housing contractor.
[0004] At that time, the design for the house (building) requires
the height of the building and a setback from the site boundary in
view of the designated land use district of the construction site,
and the maximum space available for the construction of the
building in view of the building-to-land ratio and the floor area
ratio.
[0005] For example, in a case of a two-story house, the position of
the main entrance, the floor-plan for the first floor or the second
floor, the arrangement position of a sliding patio door, a window,
a balcony or the like, and additionally, materials used for the
construction, plumbing system for water supply and sewage or the
like are determined. Then, if the client agrees, the construction
work starts after the building permit.
[0006] With regard to the relevant usual construction method, a
construction method will be broadly described using the example of
a two-story house.
[0007] First, foundation work is carried out for a desired size on
a building site where the house is to be constructed.
[0008] The foundation work is carried out by pouring moisture-proof
or pressure-proof concrete. At that time, pipe holes are disposed
at the bottom surface or the lateral surface of a desired
foundation section for plumbing of water supply and sewage, and the
plumbing is generally performed through the pipes.
[0009] Packing materials are arranged along the periphery of the
constructed foundation, a substructure and ground-beams are
installed, and floor panels for the first floor are affixed.
[0010] Then, partitions are provided to divide the interior,
columns and beams are built for the first floor using anchor bolts
erected on the substructure, and all the others are built using
joint metal.
[0011] Thereafter, after the floor panels for the second floor are
laid, the columns and beams for the second floor are fixed using
the joint metal, works for a roof strut and a roof truss and wooden
works are carried out to construct a ridge pole or a purlin.
[0012] In addition, the main entrance of the building is usually
designed to have a porch outside the main entrance from the
viewpoint of efficient use of the building. For the purpose of
convenience of people entering and leaving, that is, in order not
to get wet in the rain, a canopy, a parapet, and furthermore a
balcony and the like are designed to be constructed on the upper
section of the porch outside of the main entrance.
[0013] At that time, in a case where the porch is provided outside
of the building structure and the upper section thereof is covered
by the canopy, a metal canopy available from sash manufacturers is
used in consideration of the height of a door.
[0014] The following related arts can be exemplified with regard to
the arrangement position of the sliding patio door, the window, the
balcony or the like and further the canopy of the main entrance, in
the usual housing method.
[0015] 1) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2007-211518 (Patent Document 1)
[0016] In a building that has a plurality of openings which is open
to an exterior wall surface of a building main body, band-like
ventilation members having a plurality of vent holes are fixed to
the exterior wall surface so as to pass through the front surface
of a plurality of the vent holes in a state where a plurality of
the ventilation members are vertically adjacent to each other, and
consequently it is possible to improve an external design of a
house and to secure indoor lighting and ventilation.
[0017] 2) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2007-132114 (Patent Document 2)
[0018] An opening structure of a building having a good design
freedom, in which since the position of a window frame is easily
changed with respect to an outer wall, one side length of the
opening which extends in the window frame direction of an exterior
member for the opening is adjustable.
[0019] 3) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
05-093447 (Patent Document 3)
[0020] A porch canopy for a prefabricated building for which
attachment work is easy and does not require an outer wall unit
with a different design even though the canopy has a different
cross-sectional shape.
[0021] 4) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
06-057897 (Patent Document 4)
[0022] A canopy structure of a main entrance porch which aims to
provide a simplified component configuration has an improved
productivity and a reduced cost with using a system in which a
single roofing material can ensure sufficient rigidity.
[0023] 5) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
10-148018 (Patent Document 5)
[0024] An attachment structure of a building eave and an
arrangement method of the eave, wherein a normal posture can be
easily obtained owing to the adjustable height and the posture can
be easily maintained.
[0025] 6) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2010-13875 (Patent Document 6)
[0026] An eave structure which can significantly enhance an
external design of the house, wherein a continuous eave formed by
integrally seriating a group of eaves protruded from the boundary
portion between a first floor outer wall and a second floor outer
wall in a house main body so as to have the same level is arranged
across the surfaces in at least three directions including the
entire front surface of a main entrance in the house main body.
RELATED ART DOCUMENT
Patent Document
[0027] Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 2007-211528
[0028] Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 2007-132114
[0029] Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 05-093447
[0030] Patent Document 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 06-057897
[0031] Patent Document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 10-148018
[0032] Patent Document 6: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 2010-13875
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0033] In a design for a window such as the previously described
the sliding patio door or the window, since a client's intention
has the highest priority, arrangement for a living room side is
given priority and the window is designed to be located at various
height positions in consideration of lighting or ventilation.
[0034] In the same manner, the ceiling height of a room has the
priority when setting the height of a building structure and
thereby the height is designed to leave a margin for forming
beams.
[0035] Since, among them, the outer wall of the building structure
has a great influence on the design of the entire building, when an
attachment work of an exterior member is carried out, the exterior
member is likely to leave waste and the attachment work becomes
complicated depending on the position of the sliding patio door,
the window, the main entrance, the balcony or the like. Therefore,
the building cost is forced to relatively increase and damaged
materials may cause the destruction of the environment.
[0036] In addition, since clients mostly construct a detached house
which they consider as the house to be a "retirement home", the
intention of the client is overwhelmingly respected in the design
or the construction work.
[0037] Accordingly, the construction cost becomes high. The loss of
a large amount of materials, such as shreds from the used building
materials, easily occurs and is a major factor inhibiting the
reduction construction cost.
[0038] In addition, the lost materials occurring due to shreds and
the like cannot be effectively used and therefore all are treated
as industrial waste. Therefore, the current situation is that the
client and/or a builder cannot avoid bearing the cost required for
the treatment.
[0039] On the other hand, the main entrance in the building is
generally provided at an outer wall of the side of the building
structure which faces the road, in consideration of convenience for
entering and exiting.
[0040] At that time, if the arrangement position is determined, the
size, brightness, door design or the like of the main entrance has
the highest priority in the client's intention, and the design of
how to provide an opening for the main entrance at the outer wall
of the building structure is often assigned to a housing contractor
or an architect.
[0041] Therefore, generally, the housing contractor or the
architect designs the main entrance in such a manner that the
building cost can be suppressed without damaging the design as much
as possible, considering the building cost, and based on the needs
of the client, provides a canopy, a parapet, a balcony or the like
on an outside porch.
[0042] In addition, in a case where the porch is provided outside
of the building structure and the upper portion thereof is covered
by the canopy, depending on the height of a door, it may not be
expected to be a well-balanced matching between the use of a metal
canopy sold by a sash manufacturer and the building design.
[0043] Moreover, if the porch portion is arranged within the
building structure, in some cases, accessory protrusions of
exterior members increase, which often becomes a factor of the
increased cost.
[0044] Furthermore, in a case where the balcony or the parapet is
provided alone, the height is generally designed by being taken out
from the height of a floor beam of the second floor. Therefore, a
formation of the beams that is more than necessary causes the
increased cost and the height induces a slightly oppressive feeling
within the porch of the main entrance.
[0045] In consideration of the current situation related to the
present invention, a method has been intensively studied which
enables designing the arrangement position of the window, the
balcony, the canopy, the parapet, the main entrance or the like in
viewpoint of lighting or ventilation while a relatively high cost
exterior member is efficiently used to the maximum.
[0046] As a result, in accordance with legal requirements which
regulate the scope of a building site use,
[0047] 1) by setting a boundary surface of a joint section in the
height direction of the exterior member as an indicator showing an
upper limit or a lower limit of the arrangement position of the
window, the balcony, the canopy, the parapet, further the main
entrance or the like, and furthermore,
[0048] 2) by determining the positions of a girt and/or a pole
plate of the designing building structure from dimensions in the
height direction of an interior groundwork member such as a gypsum
board, the size of which is predetermined,
[0049] it is found that a design method for the building capable of
enhancing the efficient design and building work and capable of
aiming at the decreased cost of members used, and a building which
can be constructed at low cost can be provided.
[0050] That is, the present invention intends to provide a design
method of a building, capable of an efficient design or a building
work and capable of suppressing damaged materials to a minimum,
which is environment friendly, and to provide a building which can
be constructed at a low cost, in such a manner that when designing
the building, a joint section (boundary surface) in a height
direction of a working width (substantially effective width) for an
exterior member, a so-called siding panel, which accounts for a
relatively high cost, is set to be an indicator for determining the
arrangement position of a window, a balcony, a canopy, and further
a main entrance or the like.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0051] In order to achieve the above-described object, the present
invention disclosed in claim 1 includes a design method for a
building, when constructing a building structure, where a lower
limit position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a
balcony, a main entrance and a parapet which are arranged at an
outer wall of a building structure is determined by utilizing a
working width of an exterior member which has a constant shape and
is used to build the outer wall of the building structure, as an
indicator.
[0052] In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 2
includes a design method for a building according to claim 1, where
the window, the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the
parapet are arranged by matching the lower limit position or the
upper limit position with either an upper edge or a lower edge of a
plurality of exterior members used in constructing the outer
wall.
[0053] In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 3
includes a design method of a building according to claim 1 or 2,
where in the building structure, a height dimension of an interior
groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided at a
substructure laid on a foundation sets a height of a girt and/or a
pole plate from the substructure.
[0054] In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 4
includes a design method of a building according to any one of
claims 1 to 3, where in the building structure, a porch is arranged
outside of the main entrance, a plurality of beam members is
protruded outward with a desired length, matching a width of the
main entrance, on the porch, a tip of each beam member is supported
by a column member and/or a wall member, and the upper portion of
the beam member is covered by a canopy member, a floor surface of
the parapet or the balcony.
[0055] In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 5
includes a design method of a building according to claim 4, where
the main entrance is designed to have a desired opening width and
the height within the height of the girt or the pole plate from the
substructure laid on the foundation, and the porch arranged outside
of the main entrance is matched with the surface of the
foundation.
[0056] In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 6
includes a building where when constructing a building structure, a
height dimension of an interior groundwork member arranged on a
floor surface provided at a substructure sets a height of a girt
and/or a pole plate from the substructure, and a lower limit
position or an upper limit position of a window, a canopy, a
balcony, a main entrance and a parapet to be arranged at the
building structure, is determined by setting a working width of an
exterior member which has a constant shape, which is used in
constructing an outer wall of the building structure, as an
indicator.
[0057] In addition, the present invention disclosed in claim 7
includes a design method of the building according to claim 6,
where either the lower limit position or the upper limit position
of the window, the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the
parapet is matched with either an upper edge or a lower edge of a
plurality of exterior members used in constructing the outer
wall.
Advantages
[0058] A design method for a building and a building according to
the present invention are that when constructing a building
structure, the height dimension of an interior groundwork member
arranged on a floor surface provided at a substructure laid on a
foundation sets the height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the
substructure.
[0059] In addition, a lower limit position or an upper limit
position where a window is arranged at the building structure, a
canopy, a balcony and a main entrance is determined by setting an
upper edge or lower edge of a working width in the height direction
of each exterior member configuring an outer wall.
[0060] Accordingly, it is possible to easily design the height of
the building.
[0061] In addition, the lower limit position or the upper limit
position of at least one or more of the window, the canopy, a
parapet, the balcony and the main entrance which are arranged at
the building structure can be determined by setting a height
position which is integrally multiplied by the working width of the
exterior member which is sequentially used in constructing upward
from the drainage of the substructure configuring the building
structure.
[0062] Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently design or
construct the window, the canopy, the parapet, the balcony, the
main entrance and the like.
[0063] In particular, it is possible to design and carry out the
work by setting the upper edge in the working width of the exterior
member configuring the outer wall as the upper limit position of
the window, the canopy, the parapet, the balcony, the main entrance
and the like which are provided at the building structure, or by
setting the lower edge in the working width of the exterior member
in the height direction as the lower limit position of the window,
the canopy, the balcony, the main entrance and the like. Therefore,
it is possible to suppress to a minimum the occurrence of damaged
materials due to shreds of the exterior member.
[0064] In addition, the construction cost can be decreased and the
destruction of the environment can be prevented since the damaged
materials as an industrial waste are significantly decreased.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0065] FIG. 1 is an explanatory view illustrating an example of a
building according to the present invention.
[0066] FIG. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating another example
of a building according to the present invention.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0067] A design method for a building according to the present
invention can be adopted as the preferred use in constructing the
building using a usual construction method, and it is applicable to
any building which is one-story, two-story or higher than
those.
[0068] One of the features in the design method for the building is
that when designating the height of the building under the
limitation of a height of the building and a setback from the site
boundary in view of the designated land use district of the
construction site and a maximum space capable of constructing the
building in view of the building-to-land ratio and the requirement
of maximum floor area ratio are required, it is based on the
setting the height of a girt and/or a pole plate from the
substructure based on the height dimension of an interior
groundwork member arranged on a floor surface provided on a
substructure laid on a foundation.
[0069] Furthermore, in designing the height of a building structure
using the interior groundwork member, the upper end of the interior
groundwork member is overlapped with the lower end of the girt
and/or the pole plate to be arranged.
[0070] In addition, the upper end of the interior groundwork member
is within a range not exceeding the upper end of the pole
plate.
[0071] Another feature is that a lower limit position or an upper
limit position of a window, a canopy, a parapet, a balcony and a
main entrance to be arranged is determined by setting the height
position which is integrally multiplied by a working width of an
exterior member which is to be used in constructing the outside of
the building structure, by being sequentially faced upward from the
drainage of the substructure.
[0072] In addition, a reinforcing member made of concrete for
reinforcing the foundation itself is arranged at a desired section
inside the foundation. Each reinforcing member includes only a
groove through which a person can pass, in a state of crawling, in
order to inspect or repair as necessary.
[0073] Accordingly, no pipe hole for a plumbing system of water
supply and sewage to be arranged inside the building is present at
all at the bottom surface or the lateral surface of the
foundation.
[0074] In this case, all the pipes for plumbing with respect to the
water supply and sewage are arranged outside of the outer wall
surface of the building. Therefore, it is extremely preferable
since strength degradation of the foundation does not occur due to
the provision of the hole, piping work inside the building is
easily carried out and the interior is no longer damaged during the
maintenance.
[0075] The interior groundwork member used in the present invention
is not specifically limited, but it is preferable to use a gypsum
board mainly composed of gypsum which is low cost, extremely
strong, and excellent in thermal insulation and sound
insulation.
[0076] In order to use the gypsum board as a room interior member,
the gypsum board of 2,420 mm in height is generally used.
[0077] In the present invention, since the gypsum board is used in
order to set the height of the building, a commercial product
(2,730 mm in height.times.910 mm in width.times.12.5 mm in
thickness) is used.
[0078] Furthermore, if the height and the width are approximately
the same, the material is not specifically limited and it is
possible to use a custom-made product.
[0079] The exterior member configuring the outer wall of the siding
panel is a panel type member which is used for the outer wall of
the building, and is incombustible and fire-resistant.
[0080] In general, the height, the width and the thickness are
prescribed. In the present invention, since the material is not
specifically limited, any material can be used.
[0081] The related exterior member includes a connecting portion
connected to the upper edge or the lower edge in order to be
integrated with the adjacent exterior member vertically and
horizontally when configuring the outer wall.
[0082] In the present invention, the length from the upper edge to
the lower edge of a working width, which is effective area and is
distinct on the surface of the exterior member, is set to the
height of the exterior member.
[0083] In the present invention, the arrangement position of the
window, the canopy, the balcony, the parapet, the main entrance and
the like which are provided by penetrating the wall surface is
determined by setting the upper edge or the lower edge of the
working width in the height direction of the exterior member as an
indicator.
[0084] In that case, the exterior member is referenced to an
integer multiple in the height direction.
[0085] In other words, a lower limit position or an upper limit
position of the arrangement position of the window, the canopy, the
balcony, the parapet, the main entrance and the like is calculated
and determined by setting the upper edge or the lower edge of the
working width of the exterior member located at the integer
multiple of any one of plural exterior members laid in the vertical
direction as the indicator (reference line).
[0086] Many notches of the exterior member are made due to the
installation of a penetrating portion on the outer wall depending
on a layout or an interior design.
[0087] In order to minimize such notches of the exterior member,
the above-described method is adopted for designing and
constructing the building. Therefore, problems in the related art
can be solved.
[0088] A partitioning work to divide a chamber is carried out,
generally after a floor surface is laid, on the floor surface
provided at the substructure, and after the partitioning work is
completed, a flooring member is laid on the floor surface.
Accordingly, large amounts of damaged material occur in the
flooring member.
[0089] The present invention is made in the light of the relevant
situation, and aims to minimize the occurrence of damaged materials
due to the laying of the flooring member in such a manner that the
flooring member is laid on the floor surface before carrying out
the partitioning work of the building structure.
[0090] When setting the height of the girt and/or the pole plate
from the substructure, in a case of a one-story building, the
height from the substructure to the pole plate is set using the
interior groundwork member.
[0091] At that time, since the upper end of the interior groundwork
member is partially overlapped (polymerized abutment) with the
lower end of the girt and/or the pole plate to be arranged, the
strength maintenance is improved.
[0092] In a case of a two-story building, since at the heights from
the substructure to the girt which supports the second floor
ceiling and from the girt to the pole plate, and since the upper
end of the interior groundwork member is partially overlapped with
the lower end of the girt and/or the pole plate to be arranged in
any case, the strength maintenance is improved.
[0093] However, the upper end of the interior groundwork member
does not exceed the height of the pole plate.
[0094] The main entrance configuring the building has the canopy or
the parapet on the outside porch thereof. Accordingly, the outer
design of the building can be enhanced.
[0095] In addition, privacy of a resident can be secured by
providing a wall which shields a section corresponding to the main
entrance from the outside.
[0096] Accordingly, in the present invention, a plurality of beam
members is protruded outward with a desired length, matching the
width of the main entrance, on the extension line of the girts, a
tip of each beam member is supported by a column member and/or a
wall member, and the upper portion of the beam member is covered by
a canopy member or the floor surface of the balcony.
Example 1
[0097] Hereinafter, a preferable embodiment of a building according
to the present invention is described in detail, based on an
example of a two-story building 1 using a usual construction
method.
[0098] FIG. 1 illustrates an example where a window 11 is
constructed at the first floor section of an outer wall of the
building 1, and a balcony 20 is constructed at the second floor
section.
[0099] In the present example, of course, the design is carried out
in such a manner that the height of the building and setback from
the site boundary in view of the designated land use district of
the construction site, and a maximum space capable of constructing
the building 1 in view of the building-to-land ratio and the floor
area ratio are under consideration.
[0100] A foundation 2 having a rectangular shape is provided within
a prescribed building site.
[0101] A floor panel 4 is laid on a substructure 3 laid on the
foundation 2 and further a flooring member 5 is laid on the entire
upper surface thereof before a partitioning work to divide an
interior section.
[0102] Then, a girt 7 is designed and constructed such that the
lower end of an interior groundwork member 6 formed from a gypsum
board is brought into contact with the upper portion of the floor
panel 4 in order to maintain an upright position, and the upper end
thereof is partially overlapped with the lower end of the girt 7
which supports a floor panel 41 of the second floor to be
arranged.
[0103] In the same manner, a pole plate 8 is designed and
constructed such that the lower end of an interior groundwork
member 61 formed from the gypsum board is brought into contact with
the upper portion of the floor panel 41 in order to maintain the
upright position, and the upper end thereof is partially overlapped
with the lower end of the pole plate 8 to be arranged.
Consequently, the height of the building can be determined.
[0104] Referring to FIG. 1, reference numeral 9 represents a roof
supported by the pole plate 8 and reference numeral 10 represents a
canopy soffit which is integrated with the roof 9.
[0105] A window 11 and a balcony 20 are constructed at an outer
wall of a building structure (building 1) which is obtained in this
way.
[0106] In the building 1, the entire outer wall surface is designed
to be covered upward and horizontally from a drainage 12 annexed on
the substructure 3 with respect to the building 1, by a total of
twelve sheets of exterior members 13a to 131 which have a working
width of 455 mm and a length of 3,030 mm.
[0107] At that time, the lower edge of the exterior member 13a is
designed to be located at the height of the drainage 12, and the
upper edge of the exterior member 131 is designed to be located at
the height of the canopy soffit 10.
[0108] The window 11 is designed and constructed in the following
procedures.
[0109] First, the upper edge of the second exterior member 13b
illustrated at the left side of FIG. 1 is set to be a lower limit
position of the arrangement position of the window 11.
[0110] In other words, a boundary surface between the exterior
members 13b and 13c which are vertically adhered is set to be the
lower limit position for arranging a window frame to provide the
window 11.
[0111] The lower limit position of the window 11 becomes the
position of 910 mm in height from the drainage 12.
[0112] In the present example, the height of the window 11 is
approximately 1,170 mm and consequently the upper limit height of
the window 11 becomes approximately one third of the height
position from the upper portion of the fifth sheet, the exterior
member 13e.
[0113] A balcony 20 provided at the second floor is designed to
have the upper limit position by setting the boundary surface
between the ninth and tenth sheets, the exterior members 13i and
13j, namely upper edge of the exterior member 13i, as an
indicator.
[0114] Accordingly, the balcony 20 is constructed by being matched
with the height of the girt 7, in such a manner that a plurality of
beam members 14 is protruded outward only with a desired distance
and a desired length, and the floor panel or a handrail is arranged
between the upper surface of the protruded beam members 14 and the
upper limit position set in advance.
[0115] In this case, it is preferable that the surface of floor
panel of the balcony 20 is basically matched with the surface of an
indoor side flooring member 51.
[0116] A sliding patio door which is in contact with the balcony 20
can be constructed in consideration of lighting or ventilation and
further the design, by designing optional height and width between
the flooring member 51 and the canopy soffit 10.
[0117] Using the above-described method of determination of
sectional details, a plan of the building structure can be designed
and constructed by freely selecting the upper limit or lower limit
position of the window 11, the balcony 20 or the canopy soffit 10
in the height direction according to the working width of the
exterior member 13 in the height direction.
[0118] Therefore, as the exterior member in the height direction,
the exterior member requiring notches can be settled only by two
exterior members, the exterior member 13e of the upper end of the
window on the first floor and the exterior member 131 interfering
with the upper end of the sliding patio door 21 on the second
floor.
Example 2
[0119] FIG. 2 illustrates an example and is a schematic explanatory
view illustrating a method for designing and constructing a main
entrance 16 of a building 1, a parapet 15 provided at the outside
upper section thereof, and a window 11 on the second floor.
[0120] Referring to FIG. 2, reference numeral 2 is a foundation 2
which has a substantially rectangular plane and is provided within
a prescribed building site. A floor panel 4 is laid on a
substructure 3 laid on the foundation 2, and further a flooring
member 5 is laid on the entire upper surface.
[0121] In addition, in the drawing, reference numeral 7 represents
a girt which supports a floor surface of the second floor,
reference numeral 8 represents a pole plate, reference numeral 9
represents a roof supported by the pole plate 8 and reference
numeral 10 represents a canopy soffit.
[0122] In the building 1 which has the outlined structure, the
entire surface of the outer wall section of the building 1 is
covered vertically and horizontally with respect to the outer wall
from a drainage 12 annexed on the substructure 3, by a total of
twelve exterior members 13a to 131 which have a working width of
455 mm and a length of 3,030 mm.
[0123] In this case, the lower edge of the exterior member 13a is
designed to be located at the height of the drainage 12 and the
upper edge of the exterior member 131 is designed to be located at
the height of the canopy soffit 10.
[0124] In the related building 1, a porch 17 is arranged to the
outside of the main entrance 16.
[0125] The upper surface of the porch 17 is formed so as to be
flush with the upper surface of the foundation 2, and the depth or
the width of the porch 17 is designed to be matched with the size
of an opening of the main entrance 16.
[0126] On the porch 17, the parapet 15 is generally arranged over
the main entrance 16 of the building 1 for a person who enters and
exits the main entrance 16 does not get wet in the rain.
[0127] In general, the parapet is constructed by extending the girt
7 of the building 1 outward.
[0128] However, in this case, since the distance between the upper
portion of the main entrance 16 and the girt 7 is extremely short,
the main entrance 16 is in an oppressive state and the design
becomes worse.
[0129] Thus, in the Example 2, using the exterior member 13 which
is vertically installed at the outer wall section of the building
1, the construction work is carried out by determining the
arrangement position of the parapet 15, that is, the upper limit
position of the parapet 15 to be arranged in the present
example.
[0130] More specifically, the parapet 15 is designed and
constructed by determining a joint section (height of
455.times.9=4095 mm) between the exterior member 13i, the ninth
sheet from the bottom of the exterior member 13 having a working
width of 455 mm, and the exterior member 13j, the tenth sheet
therefrom, as the upper limit position of the parapet 15.
Therefore, the height is 4095 mm (455.times.9).
[0131] The lower limit position of the parapet 15 in this case
becomes the joint section between the exterior member 13e, the
fifth sheet, and the exterior member 13f, the sixth sheet.
[0132] However, the parapet 15 itself generally has the height of
approximately 900 mm. Accordingly, a large difference does not
occur even if the parapet is located at either the upper limit
position or the lower limit position.
[0133] In the drawing, reference numeral 22 represents a girt for
constructing the parapet 15, reference numeral 14 represents a beam
member for the same, and reference numeral 18 represents a
decorative ceiling which is provided under the beam member 14 and
made by panels called MOENSIDING.TM..
[0134] In the present example, a canopy is replaced by the parapet
for description, but of course, it may be a balcony.
[0135] In a case of the balcony as well, the upper limit position
thereof can be set to be the joint section (height of
455.times.9=4095 mm) between the exterior member 13i, the ninth
sheet from the bottom of the exterior member 13 and the exterior
member 13j, the tenth sheet therefrom.
[0136] In this case, it is possible to support the bottom surface
of the balcony by providing a beam at the position of the girt 7 of
the building 1.
[0137] However, since the distance from the upper end of the main
entrance 16 to the bottom surface of the balcony becomes narrowed,
there is a little difference in viewpoint of open feeling compared
to a case of the parapet.
[0138] According to the above-described design method based on the
sectional details for the parapet, the construction work can be
carried out by freely selecting the upper limit or lower limit
position of the attachment position of the canopy or the like,
using the working width of the exterior member 13 in the height
direction.
[0139] Accordingly, as the exterior member in the height direction,
the exterior member requiring notches can be settled only by the
exterior member of a specific section.
[0140] The front end of the parapet 15 obtained by the
above-described design is maintained by being fixed to the front
edge of the porch 17 formed outside of the main entrance 16 by a
column 19 erected with a desired distance.
[0141] The column 19 can be substituted by one wall member (not
illustrated) which is approximately equal to the front surface
width of the porch 17 of the main entrance 16.
[0142] In addition, in a case where the column 19 is used, the wall
member may close the space between the columns 19. In this case,
when the main entrance 16 is open, privacy can be protected by
shielding the interior from the outside world.
[0143] As described above, according to the plan of the present
example, the upper limit or lower limit position of the canopy or
the like which is placed above the porch 17 arranged outside of the
main entrance 16 can be designed and constructed easily and
conveniently. Consequently, the occurrence of damaged materials due
to the notches on the exterior member which is used can be
suppressed to a minimum.
[0144] In addition, the present example is described for the
arrangement of the canopy or the like by setting the boundary
surface of the joint section of the exterior member in the height
direction where the above-described plan method is used as an
indicator. When viewed from the front, it is necessary to arrange
each section of the exterior member in the width direction and thus
there is a possibility of requiring the notches of the exterior
member in the width direction.
[0145] However, the boundary surface of the joint section in the
vertical direction of the exterior member which has a prescribed
working width is set in the horizontal direction. Accordingly, with
regard to the section such as the canopy or the like which has a
prescribed width, the exterior member can be transversely attached,
by being brought into contact with the left and right end sides
thereof. Therefore, the notching work can be significantly reduced
as a whole.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0146] According to a design method for a building and a building
of the present invention, when designing and constructing the
building, in the height of the building and setback from the site
boundary in view of the designated land use district of the
construction site and a maximum space capable of constructing the
building in view of the building-to-land ratio and the floor area
ratio, the arrangement position of a girt and/or a pole plate
are/is determined by setting an interior groundwork member of a
space in the height direction, as an indicator.
[0147] In addition, there is provided a plan method which
determines an upper limit position or a lower limit position for
setting a specific section such as a window or a balcony by setting
a boundary surface of a joint section in the vertical direction of
an exterior member which configures an outer wall of a building
structure and has a prescribed working width, as the indicator.
Therefore, application is also possible to a building other than
the building according to a usual construction method.
REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0148] 1 building
[0149] 2 foundation
[0150] 3 substructure
[0151] 4, 41 floor panel
[0152] 5, 51 flooring
[0153] 6, 61 interior groundwork member
[0154] 7, 22 girt
[0155] 8 pole plate
[0156] 9 roof
[0157] 10 canopy soffit
[0158] 11 window
[0159] 12 drainage
[0160] 13 exterior member
[0161] 14 beam member
[0162] 15 main entrance parapet
[0163] 16 main entrance
[0164] 17 porch
[0165] 18 ceiling
[0166] 19 column
[0167] 20 balcony
[0168] 21 sliding patio door
* * * * *