U.S. patent application number 13/627576 was filed with the patent office on 2013-03-28 for method and system for providing explosion proof emergency communication relay module.
This patent application is currently assigned to RIVADA RESEARCH, LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is Clint SMITH. Invention is credited to Clint SMITH.
Application Number | 20130078908 13/627576 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47911786 |
Filed Date | 2013-03-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130078908 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SMITH; Clint |
March 28, 2013 |
Method and System for Providing Explosion Proof Emergency
Communication Relay Module
Abstract
Embodiments of methods, devices and systems are presented for
communicating information in an explosive environment. An explosion
proof relay module includes an electronic display and features that
prevent the generation sparks or other ignition sources that could
ignite explosive dust, gas or vapors in the air. The explosion
proof relay modules may operate independently or as a group to
provide real-time information, situation awareness, functionally
and responsiveness for personnel that are in explosive
environments.
Inventors: |
SMITH; Clint; (Warwick,
NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SMITH; Clint |
Warwick |
NY |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
RIVADA RESEARCH, LLC
Colorado Springs
CO
|
Family ID: |
47911786 |
Appl. No.: |
13/627576 |
Filed: |
September 26, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61626440 |
Sep 27, 2011 |
|
|
|
61626441 |
Sep 27, 2011 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
455/11.1 ;
455/7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04B 1/0064 20130101;
H04B 1/385 20130101; H04W 88/04 20130101; H04Q 9/02 20130101; H04M
1/185 20130101; H04W 8/186 20130101; H04M 1/0264 20130101; H04M
1/18 20130101; H04B 2001/3866 20130101; H04M 2250/12 20130101; H04W
52/265 20130101; H04B 7/155 20130101; H04B 1/3888 20130101; H04Q
2209/40 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
455/11.1 ;
455/7 |
International
Class: |
H04B 7/14 20060101
H04B007/14 |
Claims
1. An explosion-proof communication device, comprising: a flexible
non-conductive housing; an electronic display; a first antenna; a
second antenna; a radio receiver; a radio transmitter; a battery
coupled to a fault tolerant circuit element; a processor coupled to
the electronic display, first antenna, second antenna, radio
receiver, radio transmitter, and battery, wherein the processor is
configured with processor executable software instructions to
perform operations comprising: receiving radio frequency signals
from the first antenna at a first frequency; and retransmitting the
received frequency signals from the second antenna at a second
frequency, wherein the first frequency is different from the second
frequency, wherein the processor, first antenna, second antenna,
radio receiver, radio transmitter, battery, and fault tolerant
circuit element are hermetically sealed inside the non-conductive
housing.
2. The explosion-proof communication relay device of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable
software instructions to perform operations further comprising:
establishing a communication link with a wireless transceiver in
proximity to the relay device to form a communication group,
wherein receiving radio frequency signals from the first antenna at
a first frequency comprises receiving radio frequency signals from
the wireless transceiver in the communication group.
3. The explosion-proof communication relay device of claim 1,
further comprising: a fastening mechanism attached to the flexible
non-conductive housing and configured to secure the explosion-proof
communication relay device to protective clothing.
4. The explosion-proof communication relay device of claim 3,
wherein the fastening mechanism is configured to engage a fastening
unit woven into the protective clothing.
5. The explosion-proof communication relay device of claim 4,
wherein the fastening unit is woven into a sleeve of the protective
clothing.
6. The explosion-proof communication relay device of claim 3,
wherein the fastening mechanism is a fabric hook-and-loop
fastener.
7. The explosion-proof communication relay device of claim 3,
wherein the fastening mechanism is a locking clip.
8. The explosion-proof communication relay device of claim 3,
wherein the protective clothing is an elastic sleeve.
9. The explosion-proof communication relay device of claim 3,
wherein the fastening mechanism is configured to fasten the
explosion-proof communication relay device to a sleeve of a
jacket.
10. A communication system for use in an explosive environment,
comprising: a first explosion-proof communication relay module and
a second explosion-proof communication relay module, wherein each
of the first and second explosion-proof communication relay modules
comprise: a flexible non-conductive housing; an electronic display;
a first antenna; a second antenna; a radio receiver; a radio
transmitter; a battery coupled to a fault tolerant circuit element;
a processor coupled to the electronic display, first antenna,
second antenna, radio receiver, radio transmitter, and battery,
wherein the processor is configured with processor executable
software instructions to perform operations comprising: receiving
radio frequency signals from the first antenna at a first
frequency; and retransmitting the received frequency signals from
the second antenna at a second frequency, wherein the first
frequency is different from the second frequency, and wherein the
processor, first antenna, second antenna, radio receiver, radio
transmitter, battery, and fault tolerant circuit element are
hermetically sealed inside the non-conductive housing, wherein the
processor of the first explosion-proof communication relay module
is further configured with processor executable software
instructions to perform operations further comprising: establishing
a communication link with the second explosion-proof communication
relay module to form a communication group.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to each of
U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/626,440, entitled "Method and
System for Providing Explosion Proof Video and Communication Relay
Module" filed Sep. 27, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Application No.
61/626,441, entitled "Method and System for Providing Explosion
Proof Emergency Communication Relay Module" filed Sep. 27, 2011,
the entire contents of both of which are hereby incorporated by
reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Each day workers put themselves at risk by working in
dangerous or potentially dangerous environments involving explosive
vapors or gasses. For example, in addition to the risk of cave-ins,
sub-surface miners face the risk toxic fumes and explosive gases on
a daily basis. As another example, firemen and other first
responders frequently have to venture into buildings, subways and
sewers filled with explosive gasses in order rescue victims and
save property.
[0003] Chief among the dangers facing such workers is the
possibility of an explosion due to detonation of explosive vapors,
gasses and dust suspended in the air in a confined space. One of
the top causes of mine explosions is the detonation of explosive
gases, such as methane, which can enter the mine through the Earth
that is being mined. If proper ventilation procedures are not
taken, methane gas (or other explosive gases) may collect in the
mine Any ignition source may explosively ignite the gas and lead to
catastrophic results.
[0004] Fire and rescue personnel face similar dangers when
hurricane, tornado or terrorist attacks leave buildings in ruble
with natural gas lines leaking. As another example, fire and rescue
personnel responding to refinery incidents, and automobile and
aircraft accidents can face explosive vapor situations resulting
from gasoline and diesel fumes. While gas and vapor levels in one
part of a building appear safe, gas and fumes can accumulate in
pockets, pits or enclosed rooms to reach potentially explosive
concentrations.
[0005] In addition to explosive gases, combustible dust can give
rise to an explosive environment. Such dust explosion risks can
arise in a variety of situations such as factory mishaps, grain
milling and storage facilities.
[0006] In addition to fire and rescue personnel, many work
environments require communications in the presence of explosive
gasses and vapors. The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) has classified a number of hazardous work
environments where special precaution must be taken to provide
workers with safe working conditions. The most extreme work
environment is classified as Class I, Division 1. A Class I,
Division I work environment is a location in which: (a) hazardous
concentrations of flammable gases or vapors may exist under normal
operating conditions; (b) hazardous concentrations of such gases or
vapors may exist frequently because of repair or maintenance
operations or because of leakage; or (c) breakdown or faulty
operation of equipment or processes might release hazardous
concentrations of flammable gases or vapors, and might also cause
simultaneous failure of electric equipment.
[0007] Examples of work locations where Class I, Division I
classifications are typically assigned include locations where
volatile flammable liquids or liquefied flammable gases are
transferred from one container to another, interiors of spray
booths and areas in the vicinity of spraying and painting
operations where volatile flammable solvents are used, locations
containing open tanks or vats of volatile flammable liquids, drying
rooms or compartments for the evaporation of flammable solvents,
locations containing fat and oil extraction equipment using
volatile flammable solvents, portions of cleaning and dyeing plants
where flammable liquids are used, gas generator rooms and other
portions of gas manufacturing plants where flammable gas may
escape, inadequately ventilated pump rooms for flammable gas or for
volatile flammable liquids, the interiors of refrigerators and
freezers in which volatile flammable materials are stored in open,
lightly stoppered, or easily ruptured containers; and all other
locations where ignitable concentrations of flammable vapors or
gases are likely to occur in the course of normal operations.
[0008] For personnel who work in such environments on a daily
basis, a communication system to improve situation awareness is
needed so those personnel can safely operate in explosive
environments. Similarly, emergency services personnel who may have
to enter explosive environments to respond to emergency situations
need an explosion-proof communication system to improve the
situation awareness both in terms of voice communication as well as
visual and other telemetry methods.
[0009] In addition, not only is situation awareness needed by the
personnel entering into the explosive environment their command
structure needs to have eyes and ears on the ground to have real
time information so that the situation can be properly sized up and
the requisite resources can be applied, reassigned or personnel in
the explosive environments can be informed if and when it is best
to exit the location.
SUMMARY
[0010] The various embodiments include an explosion-proof
communication device, which may include a flexible non-conductive
housing, an electronic display, a first antenna, a second antenna,
a radio receiver, a radio transmitter, a battery coupled to a fault
tolerant circuit element, a processor coupled to the electronic
display, first antenna, second antenna, radio receiver, radio
transmitter, and battery, in which the processor is configured with
processor executable software instructions to perform operations
including receiving radio frequency signals from the first antenna
at a first frequency, and retransmitting the received frequency
signals from the second antenna at a second frequency, in which the
first frequency is different from the second frequency, and in
which the processor, first antenna, second antenna, radio receiver,
radio transmitter, battery, and fault tolerant circuit element are
hermetically sealed inside the non-conductive housing.
[0011] In an embodiment, the processor may be configured with
processor-executable software instructions to perform operations
further including grouping the relay device with a wireless
transceiver in proximity to the relay device to form a
communication group, in which receiving radio frequency signals
from the first antenna at a first frequency may include receiving
receive radio frequency signals from the wireless transceiver in
the communication group.
[0012] In a further embodiment, the computing device may include a
fastening mechanism attached to the flexible non-conductive housing
and configured to secure the explosion-proof communication relay
device to protective clothing. In a further embodiment, the
fastening mechanism may be configured to engage a fastening unit
woven into the protective clothing. In a further embodiment, the
fastening unit may be woven into a sleeve of the protective
clothing. In a further embodiment, the fastening mechanism may be a
fabric hook-and-loop fastener. In a further embodiment, the
fastening mechanism may be a locking clip. In a further embodiment,
the protective clothing may be an elastic sleeve. In a further
embodiment, the fastening mechanism may be configured to fasten the
explosion-proof communication relay device to a sleeve of a
jacket.
[0013] Further embodiments include a communication system for use
in an explosive environment that includes a first and second
explosion-proof communication relay module. The first and second
explosion-proof communication relay modules may each include a
flexible non-conductive housing, an electronic display, a first
antenna, a second antenna, a radio receiver, a radio transmitter, a
battery coupled to a fault tolerant circuit element, a processor
coupled to the electronic display, first antenna, second antenna,
radio receiver, radio transmitter, and battery, in which the
processor is configured with processor executable software
instructions to perform operations including receiving radio
frequency signals from the first antenna at a first frequency, and
retransmitting the received frequency signals from the second
antenna at a second frequency, in which the first frequency is
different from the second frequency, and in which the processor,
first antenna, second antenna, radio receiver, radio transmitter,
battery, and fault tolerant circuit element are hermetically sealed
inside the non-conductive housing and in which the processor of the
first explosion-proof communication relay module is further
configured with processor executable software instructions to
perform operations further including establishing a communication
link with the second explosion-proof communication relay
module.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and
constitute part of this specification, illustrate exemplary
embodiments of the invention, and, together with the general
description given above and the detailed description given below,
serve to explain features of the invention.
[0015] FIG. 1 is a system block diagram illustrating information
flows, communication links, and components in an example
communication system in which an embodiment explosion-proof relay
module may be deployed.
[0016] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating various surface
elements of an embodiment explosion-proof relay module mounted on
protective clothing suitable for use in explosive environments.
[0017] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating example user
interface elements that may be included in an embodiment relay
module.
[0018] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example microphone
and a speaker that may be included in an embodiment relay
module.
[0019] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating various electronic
components of an embodiment explosion-proof relay module.
[0020] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating various logical and
functional components of an embodiment explosion-proof relay
module.
[0021] FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example battery suitable for
use in an embodiment explosion-proof relay module.
[0022] FIG. 8 is an illustration another example battery suitable
for use in an embodiment explosion-proof relay module.
[0023] FIG. 9 is an illustration of a side portion of an embodiment
explosion-proof relay module that includes a flexible battery.
[0024] FIG. 10 is an illustration an embodiment relay module in
which a battery charging adaptor is positioned between a flexible
battery and the electronic components.
[0025] FIG. 11 is an illustration of a jacket sleeve having
fastening unit for fastening an explosion-proof relay module to
protective clothing in accordance with an embodiment.
[0026] FIGS. 12 and 13 are illustrations of removable sleeves
suitable for securing an explosion-proof relay module to the
clothing, equipment, or body of a user in accordance with various
embodiments.
[0027] FIGS. 14A and 14B are illustrations of embodiment relay
modules having straps suitable for securing the explosion-proof
relay module to the clothing, equipment, or body of a user in
accordance with various embodiments.
[0028] FIG. 15 is an illustration of an example charging receptacle
suitable for recharging a battery of an explosion-proof relay
module in accordance with an embodiment.
[0029] FIGS. 16-17 are illustrations of example charging bases
suitable for use with various embodiment explosion-proof relay
modules.
[0030] FIG. 18 is a block diagram of an embodiment explosion-proof
relay module coupled to a microphone and a speaker.
[0031] FIG. 19 is an illustration of an embodiment explosion-proof
relay module having locking clips.
[0032] FIG. 20 is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment
method of grouping multiple explosion-proof relay modules to
perform group relay operations.
[0033] FIG. 21 is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment
explosion-proof relay module method of communicating telemetry
information by performing group relay operations.
[0034] FIG. 22 is a process flow diagram illustrating another
embodiment explosion-proof relay module method of communicating
telemetry information.
[0035] FIG. 23 is a component block diagram illustrating various
components commonly included in a mobile transceiver device that
are suitable for use in an embodiment explosion-proof relay
module.
[0036] FIG. 24 is a component block diagram of a server suitable
for use with an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] The various embodiments will be described in detail with
reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same
reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to
the same or like parts. References made to particular examples and
implementations are for illustrative purposes, and are not intended
to limit the scope of the invention or the claims.
[0038] The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an
example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described
herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as
preferred or advantageous over other implementations.
[0039] The terms "mobile device," "cellular telephone," "cellular
radio", and "cell phone" are used interchangeably herein to refer
to any one or all of cellular telephones, smartphones, personal
data assistants (PDA's), laptop computers, tablet computers,
ultrabooks, palm-top computers, wireless electronic mail receivers,
multimedia Internet enabled cellular telephones, wireless gaming
controllers, and similar personal electronic devices which include
a programmable processor, a memory and circuitry for sending and/or
receiving wireless communication signals.
[0040] The terms "wireless network," "network," "cellular system,"
"cell tower," and "radio access point" are used generically herein
to refer to any one of various wireless mobile systems,
technologies, and/or components. In an embodiment, wireless network
may be a radio access point (e.g., a cell tower), which provides a
radio link to the mobile device so that the mobile device can
communicate with core network components.
[0041] A number of different methods, technologies, solutions,
and/or techniques (herein collectively "solutions") are currently
available for determining the location of a mobile device, any or
all of which may be implemented by, included in, and/or used by the
various embodiments. Such solutions include, e.g., global
positioning system (GPS) based solutions, assisted GPS (A-GPS)
solutions, and cell-based positioning solutions such as cell of
origin (COO), time of arrival (TOA), observed time difference of
arrival (OTDOA), advanced forward link trilateration (AFLT), and
angle of arrival (AOA). In various embodiments, such solutions may
implemented in conjunction with one or more wireless communication
technologies and/or networks, including wireless wide area networks
(WWANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal
area networks (WPANs), and other similar networks or technologies.
By way of example, a WWAN may be a Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
network, an OFDMA network, a 3GPP LTE network, a WiMAX (IEEE
802.16) network, and so on. The WPAN may be a Bluetooth network, an
IEEE 802.15x network, and so on. A WLAN may be an IEEE 802.11x
network, and so on. A CDMA network may implement one or more radio
access technologies (RATs) such as CDMA2000, Wideband-CDMA
(W-CDMA), and so on.
[0042] As used in this application, the terms "component,"
"module," "engine," "manager" are intended to include a
computer-related entity, such as, but not limited to, hardware,
firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or
software in execution, which are configured to perform particular
operations or functions. For example, a component may be, but is
not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an
object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, a
computer, a server, network hardware, etc. By way of illustration,
both an application running on a computing device and the computing
device may be referred to as a component. One or more components
may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a
component may be localized on one processor or core and/or
distributed between two or more processors or cores. In addition,
these components may execute from various non-transitory computer
readable media having various instructions and/or data structures
stored thereon.
[0043] A number of different cellular and mobile communication
services and standards are available or contemplated in the future,
all of which may implement and benefit from the various
embodiments. Such services and standards include, e.g., third
generation partnership project (3GPP), long term evolution (LTE)
systems, third generation wireless mobile communication technology
(3G), fourth generation wireless mobile communication technology
(4G), global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal
mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), 3GSM, general packet radio
service (GPRS), code division multiple access (CDMA) systems (e.g.,
cdmaOne, CDMA2000.TM.), enhanced data rates for GSM evolution
(EDGE), advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), digital AMPS
(IS-136/TDMA), evolution-data optimized (EV-DO), digital enhanced
cordless telecommunications (DECT), Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX), wireless local area network (WLAN),
public switched telephone network (PSTN), Wi-Fi Protected Access I
& II (WPA, WPA2), Bluetooth.RTM., integrated digital enhanced
network (iden), and land mobile radio (LMR). Each of these
technologies involves, for example, the transmission and reception
of voice, data, signaling and/or content messages. It should be
understood that any references to terminology and/or technical
details related to an individual telecommunication standard or
technology are for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended
to limit the scope of the claims to a particular communication
system or technology unless specifically recited in the claim
language.
[0044] The manufacture, processing, mining, transport, and/or
storage of certain materials may create or release gases, vapors,
and/or combustible dust into the environment, which when combined
with oxygen in the air, may create an explosive environment. To
minimize the risk of an explosion, equipment used by workers who
venture into such hazardous environments typically cannot include
any components that may cause sparks or otherwise become an
ignition source.
[0045] Conventional mobile electronic devices, such as mobile
phones and cameras, typically include exposed metal components and
electronic circuitry that may cause sparks or otherwise ignite a
highly explosive environment. Therefore, conventional mobile
electronic devices are not suitable for use in explosive
environments, and must be removed by first responders (e.g.,
police, fire, and emergency personnel) entering a hazardous
area.
[0046] The various embodiments provide a scalable, wireless,
multi-channel, two-way communication system, which may include
components that are hermetically sealed and provided with
fault-tolerant electronic circuitry that, in combination, enables
the communication systems to be used in explosive environments. An
explosion-proof communication relay system may include the
explosion-proof communication relay module and explosion-proof
mobile devices, such as hermetically sealed cellular telephones and
other radio communication modules.
[0047] The explosion-proof communication relay module may include
sealed displays and input buttons configured so that they may be
operated by personnel wearing protective clothing, such as flame
resistant gloves. The explosion-proof communication relay module
may include fastening mechanisms for securing the explosion-proof
communication relay module to protective clothing suitable for use
in explosive environments.
[0048] The explosion-proof communication relay module may include
fault-tolerant electronics that are battery powered and enclosed
within a non-metallic sealed housing to remove the potential for
any source of spark or heat that could be dangerous in an explosive
environment. An inductive charging element may be built into the
housing to enable charging of the battery without any externally
exposed metal contacts that could serve as a source for a
spark.
[0049] FIG. 1 illustrates example components in an
explosion-resistant communication system 100 according to an
embodiment. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the
explosion-resistant communication system 100 includes a sensor
module 122, multiple explosion-proof video and communication relay
modules 102, and a local or small cell site 104. The local/small
cell site 104 may be installed at the incident scene or on a mobile
platform, such as the illustrated fire engine/truck 106. The relay
modules 102 may be installed on equipment worn or carried by first
responders, emergency services personnel, and/or workers at the
incident scene. The relay modules 102 may be explosion-proof
components in which all of the circuitry, electronics, wires,
contacts, and metal elements are encapsulated in a hermetic or
airtight sealed case/housing formed from non-conductive
materials.
[0050] The sensor module 122 may include one or more
explosion-proof devices (not illustrated), which may be linked into
the communication architecture of one or more of the relay modules
102. The sensor module 122 may be embedded in a relay module 102,
external to the relay module 102, in communication with a relay
module 102, or any combination thereof.
[0051] The local/small cell site 104 may be configured to
communicate with the sensor module 122 and various mobile devices,
such as the illustrated cellular phone 112, handheld computer-like
tablet of an incident commander 114, and laptop 116. The
local/small cell site 104 may also be configured to communicate
with a variety of other mobile devices and communication centers
via the radio access node 120 coupled to a commercial or private
cellular communications network. In the example illustrated in FIG.
1, the local/small cell site 104 communicates with safety personnel
130, emergency medical services 132, smartphones 108, hospitals
134, dispatch centers 136, and radio access devices 110, all via
the radio access node 120.
[0052] The radio access nodes 120 may operate to connect voice and
data calls between mobile devices (e.g., mobile phones), data
centers, the local/small cell site 104, the relay modules 102,
and/or other network destinations, such as via telephone land lines
(e.g., a POTS network, not shown) and the Internet. In various
embodiments, the radio access nodes 120 may include any wireless
base station or radio access point (e.g., LTE, CDMA2000/EVDO,
WCDMA/HSPA, IS-136, GSM, WiMax, WiFi, AMPS, DECT, TD-SCDMA, or
TD-CDMA), a switch, Land Mobile Radio (LMR) interoperability
equipment, a satellite Fixed Service Satellite (FSS) for remote
interconnection to the Internet and PSTN, a network operations
center, and/or other components for sending and receiving
communication signals to and from various network components.
[0053] When implemented in a 3GPP-LTE network, radio access nodes
120 may include an Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC)
component configured to send and receive location information
(e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, etc.) to and from
the mobile devices and relay modules 102, which may be achieved
both on-net and off-net. The location information may be delivered
in standard formats, such as those for cell-based or geographical
co-ordinates, together with the estimated errors (uncertainty) of
the location, position, altitude, and velocity of a mobile device
and, if available, the positioning method (or the list of the
methods) used to obtain the position estimate. In an embodiment,
the E-SMLC may be configured to provide location services via a
lightweight presentation protocol (LLP) that supports the provision
of application services on top of TCP/IP networks. In an
embodiment, the E-SMLC may also send and/or receive (e.g., via LPP)
almanac and/or assistance data to and from core components, such as
an eNodeB and a mobility management entity (MME).
[0054] The relay modules 102 may include communications circuitry
for sending and receiving voice, data, content, images, video,
broadband information, and other communications/information to and
from each other 102, the local/small cell site 104, mobile devices
108, 110, 140, and cellular communications networks (both
commercial and private). The relay modules 102 may communicate with
the cellular networks via the radio access node 120. The mobile
devices 108, 110, 140 may include smartphones 108, radio
communication devices 110 (e.g., VHF, UHF, LMR, and/or P25 HT
communications devices), and other intrinsically safe communication
devices 140 configured to present voice, data, content, images,
video and broadband information to a person wearing or holding the
respective device 108, 110, 140.
[0055] The relay modules 102 may act as a radio access point for
other communication devices, such as mobile devices 108 and other
relay modules 102. The relay modules 102 may communicate with other
relay modules 102 to share information and/or relay information an
appropriate communication device in the system 102. For example,
when a direct communication link cannot be established between a
first relay module 102 and a network component, the first relay
module 102 may establish a communication link with a second relay
module 102 that has a direct communication link with that network
component, and communicate with the network component through the
second relay module 102 via a communication link established by the
second relay module 102.
[0056] The relay modules 102 may be configured so that cellular
telephone communications in the 700 MHz Public Safety band (or any
other frequency band, such as 450 MHz, 700 MHz, 850 MHz bands, the
1710-1755 MHz and 2110-2155 MHz AWS bands, etc.) are communicated
between the radio access nodes 120, cellular telephones 112, and
the relay modules 102 in frequency-division duplex and/or
time-division duplex formats. In other embodiments, relay modules
102 may be configured to communicate any or all cellular telephone
frequencies currently available or which may be used in the
future.
[0057] In various embodiments, the explosion-resistant
communication system 100 may be implemented on half-duplex and/or
full-duplex communication systems. For cellular telephone
communications, which may be full duplex systems that use different
frequencies for transmitting and receiving information, different
frequencies may be used for conveying communication signals between
the relay modules 102 and mobile devices, such as cellular phones
112. For example, a first relay module 102 may be configured to
receive transmissions from a radio access node 120 in a first
modulation format (e.g., time, frequency, etc.) or technology, and
relay the received transmissions to a second relay module 102 in a
second modulation format or technology. The second relay module 102
may relay the received transmissions to the cellular phone 112 in a
format supported by that cellular phone 112. In this manner, any of
a number of commercially available cellular phones 112 may be
deploy in, or supported by, the explosion-resistant communication
system 100, without requiring any modifications to the transceivers
or other components of the cellular phone 112.
[0058] In various embodiments, the relay modules 102 may be
configured to select a frequency range for relaying communication
signals between various components, such as between a radio access
node 120 and a mobile device 108.
[0059] In an embodiment, the relay modules 102 may be configured to
select a relay frequency that reduces likelihood of the
electromagnetic radiation inducing currents in surrounding metals.
This configuration is particularly useful for emergency services
applications, where the relay modules 102 may be deployed in
confined areas and/or areas with limited radio frequency
transmission capabilities (e.g., underground in subways, sewers,
mines, tunnels or explosion craters).
[0060] In an embodiment, the relay modules 102 may be configured to
select a relay frequency based upon the transmission
characteristics of the communication signals.
[0061] In various embodiments, the relay frequency may be selected
with or without concern for interference with other frequencies,
such as frequencies allocated to other commercial communication
systems.
[0062] In an embodiment, the relay modules 102 may be configured to
select a relay frequency based on the conditions of local
communications systems. For example, in an embodiment, a relay
module 102 may be configured to detect the presence of other
communication systems and/or communication signals within the
vicinity of the incident scene, and select a relay frequency that
is not likely to interfere with the detected communication
systems/signals. Alternatively, or in addition to detecting the
presence of other communications systems, the relay modules 102 may
be configured to select a relay frequency so as to reduce the
likelihood of interference with other communications known to exist
in the vicinity of the incident scene. Such configurations may be
particularly useful when the explosion-proof video and relay
modules 102 are deployed in certain hazardous environment (e.g.,
mining, chemical and/or petroleum industrial facilities) and/or
used for non-emergency applications.
[0063] In an embodiment, the relay modules 102 may be configured to
select a relay frequency based on licensing agreements and/or
frequency-use requirements, such as a license agreement with the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that constrains or
restricts the use of the available frequency bands. This
configuration may be particularly useful in above-ground
applications, where communication signals relayed by the relay
modules 102 are more likely to interfere with communication signals
in a frequency range controlled by the FCC.
[0064] The relay modules 102 may be configured to select a relay
frequency based on any or all of the factors discussed above.
[0065] The relay modules 102 may operate in a point-to-point
communication and relay scheme. The relay modules 102 may also
operate in a mesh, loop, and/or a self-healing environment. In an
embodiment, relay modules 102 and/or mobile devices 108, 110, 112,
114, 116, and 140 may be configured to automatically establish a
mesh, loop, and/or a self-healing network in response to detecting
that direct point-to-point communications are not available. In an
embodiment, the relay modules 102 may be organized in a
self-healing ring, which may include each relay module 102 having a
bidirectional link to two or more of the other relay modules
102.
[0066] In an embodiment, the relay modules 102 may include a
cellular communications module. In an embodiment, the mobile
devices 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, and 140 and/or the relay modules
102 may include components (e.g., non-transitory computer readable
media, processors, etc.) that store and/or execute client software
configured to support specific vintages and/or versions of the
cellular communications modules included in the relay modules
102.
[0067] As mentioned above, the relay modules 102 may communicate
with radio communication devices 110, such as LMR two-way radios.
Thus, in an embodiment, the relay modules 102 may be configured to
support the frequencies and/or modulation formats associated with
various radio communication devices 110. For example, the relay
modules 102 may be configured to support half-duplex or simplex
communication formats in which the communications signals are
received and transmitted on the same frequency to support
communications with a LMR two-way radio.
[0068] In an embodiment, the special information may be accessed
from the relay modules 102 from remote servers(s) 140 and/or
databases 142.
[0069] FIG. 2 is an illustration of an embodiment explosion-proof
relay module 102 mounted on protective clothing (e.g., bunker or
turnout gear, etc.) suitable for use in explosive environments by
emergency services personnel. In various embodiments, the relay
module 102 may be integrated, woven into, and/or permanently
attached to the protective clothing and may be mounted in a variety
of locations/positions on the protective clothing. In example
illustrated in FIG. 2, the explosion-proof relay module 102 is
mounted near the end of a right jacket sleeve 202 of the protective
clothing, abutting a glove area 204.
[0070] The relay module 102 may include communications circuitry
(not illustrated) for sending and receiving voice, data, video, and
other similar information, an electronic display 206, and a
plurality of input buttons 208 that when actuated by a human user
will cause the relay module 102 to perform various operations. In
various embodiments, the relay module 102 may further include a
microphone 210, a speaker 212, a power switch 214, and/or a camera
214.
[0071] All of the electronics, wires, contacts, and metal elements
of the relay module 102 may be included in the sealed case/housing
210. The sealed case/housing 210 may be formed from non-conductive
materials, such as plastics, rubbers, thermoplastics (e.g.,
poly-methyl-methacrylate or Plexiglas), etc. The sealed
case/housing 210 may be formed to include a hermetic and/or
airtight seal that isolates the electronics, wires, contacts, and
metal elements of the relay module 102 from the exterior atmosphere
and oxygen in the air.
[0072] Any of a variety of known mechanisms, components, and
techniques may be used to create the airtight seal around the
non-conductive materials of the case/housing 210, including snap
fits, compression fits, sealing rings, threaded fasteners (e.g.,
nylon screws) to provide sealing pressure, etc. By sealing all
electronics and metal within a non-conductive case/housing 210, the
potential sources of sparks and/or ignition (e.g., electronics,
metal, etc.) may be isolated from the exterior atmosphere, reducing
the likelihood that they will cause an ignition in explosive
environments.
[0073] As mentioned above, the relay module 102 may include a
plurality of input buttons 208 that when actuated by a human user
will cause the relay module 102 to perform various operations. In
various embodiments, the input buttons 208 may be implemented as
hard keys, soft keys, touch keys, or via any other means suitable
for receiving user input. In an embodiment, the input buttons may
be configured so that they may be actuated by a human user wearing
thick or flame resistant gloves.
[0074] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may include a cursor
control (not illustrated) suitable for moving, adjusting and/or
panning images displayed on the electronic display 206. In an
embodiment, the cursor control may be built into the electronic
display 206.
[0075] The electronic display 206 may any display suitable for
presenting electronic images (text, content, video, etc.) for
visual reception by a user, such as a display suitable for
displaying static images, dynamic images, motor vehicle schematics,
standard operating procedures, architectural drawings, video feeds
from other body worn video devices, surveillance devices,
stationary cameras, etc. In an embodiment, the display 206 may be a
rigid display, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), organic
light emitting diode (OLED) display, etc. In an embodiment, the
display 206 may be a flexible display, such as a flexible organic
light emitting diode (FOLED), transparent OLED display, OLED
display, etc. In an embodiment, the display 206 may be an e-reader
display configured for use in direct or near-direct sunlight (e.g.,
by preventing washout, etc.) and/or for reduced battery
consumption.
[0076] In an embodiment, the display 206 may be an electronic paper
display (EPD) that includes display technologies designed to mimic
the appearance of ordinary ink on paper, such as display
technologies that reflect ambient light (i.e., as opposed to
emitting light). In an embodiment, the display 206 may be a
moldable display and/or molded to reduce its overall profile so
that users (e.g., first responders) may to enter enclosed areas
without the relay module 102 becoming an impediment. In an
embodiment, the display 206 may be a black and white display. In an
embodiment, the display 206 may be a color display. In an
embodiment, the display 206 may be a touch-screen display.
[0077] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 and/or electronic
display 206 may be configured to enable a user equipped with a
self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to have access to
enhanced communications capability. This embodiment may be
particularly useful in search and rescue and overhaul
activities.
[0078] As mentioned above, the relay module 102 may include a
microphone 210 and a speaker 212. The microphone 210 and speaker
212 may be included in the relay module 102 as separate units or as
combined unit. In an embodiment, the microphone 210 and speaker 212
may be sealed to prevent electric discharges. In an embodiment the
microphone 210 and speaker 212 may be coupled to the hermetic seal
of the relay device 102 and configured for improved audio and voice
pressure transfers from the speaker 212 and to the microphone
210.
[0079] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may include a camera
214 configured to capture images and/or video information, which
may be relayed to mobile devices 108, 110, 140, the local/small
cell site 104, and/or the radio access node 120 in real-time or
near real-time. The camera 214 may include a lens cover that seals
and isolates the camera 214 from the exterior atmosphere. In
various embodiments, the camera 214 may include any or all of a day
vision component, a night vision component, an infrared component,
a thermal imaging component, an active illumination component, an
image intensification component, a laser range gated imaging
component, and/or any other imaging technologies currently known or
which will be developed in the future.
[0080] In an embodiment, the surface elements (e.g., electronic
display 206, input buttons 208, etc.) of the relay module 102 may
be covered in a flexible membrane that protects them from the
elements (e.g., water, chemicals, heat, etc.). In various
embodiments, all or portions of the flexible membrane may be
transparent, so as to enable the images presented on the electronic
display 206 to be viewable by the user.
[0081] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may include a glass
or plastic window arranged so that images presented on the display
206 are viewable by the user. In an embodiment, the glass or
plastic window may be configured to temper the images displayed on
the electronic display 206. In an embodiment, the glass or plastic
window may be arranged so that the display 206 is impact resistant
and/or so that the display and internal electronics will not be
exposed to the atmosphere in the event the relay module 102 is
dropped, impacted, or otherwise damaged. In an embodiment, the
glass or plastic window may be heat resistant, suitable for use in
a wide range of temperatures, and/or configured to enable the user
to operate the in extreme environmental temperature conditions.
[0082] As mentioned above, the explosion-proof relay module 102 may
be mounted near the end of a jacket sleeve 202, abutting a glove
area 102. In various embodiments, the relay module 102 may be
mounted front facing, top facing, or pointed away from the user. In
various embodiments, the relay module 102 may be mounted on an
inside portion of the jacket sleeve 202 so that the display is
readily viewable to the user, on an outside portion of the jacket
sleeve 202 so that the camera may readily capture video and still
images, or any combination thereof. In any case, it should be
understood that the locations of the microphone 210, a speaker 212,
a power switch 214, and a camera 214 illustrated in FIG. 2 are
exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims to
a particular configuration unless specifically recited in the claim
language.
[0083] FIG. 3 illustrates example user interface elements 300 that
may be included in an embodiment relay module 102, such as via a
touch-screen display 206 and/or input buttons 208 of the relay
module 102. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the user
interface elements 300 include a pointing area 302 and a plurality
of switch/button areas 304 that, when actuated by a human user, may
cause a processor of the relay module 102 to perform various
operations (e.g., Operations 1-5, navigating the display, etc.). In
an embodiment, the pointing areas 302 and/or switch/button areas
304 may be configured to detect the presence and location of a
touch within the display areas of a touch-screen display 206.
[0084] In various embodiments, the user-interface elements 300 may
be user configurable and/or configured based on a specific use,
application, or environment in which the relay module 102 is
deployed. Thus, while FIG. 3 illustrates one possible
configuration/layout of the user-interface elements 300, it should
be understood any and all configurations are within the scope of
the present application.
[0085] FIG. 4 illustrates an example microphone 210 and a speaker
212 that may be included in an embodiment relay module 102. The
microphone 210 and speaker 212 may be coupled to the hermetic seal
402 of the relay device and configured for improved audio and voice
pressure transfers from the speaker 212 and to the microphone 210.
In an embodiment, the microphone 210 and speaker 212 may be coupled
to the hermetic seal 402 via pliable material 404 arranged to
enable sound waves to pass through and/or to otherwise facilitate
voice communications.
[0086] FIG. 5 illustrates various components that may be included
in an embodiment explosion-proof relay module 102. In the example
illustrated in FIG. 5, the relay module 102 includes a processor or
central processing unit (CPU) 501 coupled to internal memory 502
and antennas 504 for sending and receiving electromagnetic
radiation. The antennas 504 may be connected to a wireless data
link and/or one or more transceivers 506 coupled to the
processor/CPU 501. The transceivers 510 may include, or may be
coupled to, one or more built-in low power and/or cellular radio
systems, including a Bluetooth radio, a WiFi radio, an LTE radio
module, a peanut radio, a ZigBee transceiver (i.e., an IEEE
802.15.4 transceiver), and/or other low power and/or cellular radio
systems currently available or which may be developed in the
future.
[0087] The antennas 504 may be dual-polarized and/or employ any
mounting or design technique currently known or which may be
developed in the future. In various embodiments, the antennas 504
may be oriented to optimize communications between the relay module
102 and the local/small cell site 104, mobile devices, 108, 110,
140, radio access node 120 and/or commercial/private communication
systems.
[0088] In various embodiments, the relay module 102 may include one
or more sensors 516, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes,
magnetometers, pressure sensors, etc. In an embodiment, the sensors
516 may include sensors for determining the orientation and/or
geographic position of the relay module 102, such as sensors for
determining the radio signal delays (e.g., with respect to
cell-phone towers and/or cell sites), performing trilateration
and/or multilateration operations, identifying proximity to known
networks (e.g., Bluetooth.RTM. networks, WLAN networks, WiFi,
etc.), and/or for implementing other known location-based
technologies. In an embodiment, the sensors 516 may include one or
more sensors for monitoring physical conditions (e.g., direction,
motion/acceleration, orientation, pressure, etc.) on or around the
relay module 102. In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may
include multiple and/or redundant sensors (e.g., two gyroscopes,
two accelerometers, etc.) for improved reliability, more accurate
measurements, and/or refined positional fixing.
[0089] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may include a global
positioning system (GPS) receiver 514 configured to receive GPS
signals from GPS satellites to determine the geographic position of
the relay module 102.
[0090] The relay module 102 may also include a sound
encoding/decoding (CODEC) circuit 512 which digitizes sound
received from a microphone into data packets suitable for wireless
transmission and decodes received sound data packets to generate
analog signals that are provided to a speaker to generate sound.
Also, one or more of the processor 501, transceivers 506, and CODEC
512 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) circuit (not shown
separately).
[0091] FIG. 6 illustrates various logical and functional components
that may be included in an embodiment relay module 102. In the
example illustrated in FIG. 6, the relay module 102 includes a
communication module 614 and antennas 630 for sending and receiving
voice, data, video, and other similar information. The relay module
102 may also include Bluetooth/WiFi radio modules 602, a LTE module
604, a P25 radio module 606, radio-frequency identification (RFID)
module 608, and/or any other low power and/or cellular radio
systems currently available or which may be developed in the
future. The relay module 102 may further include a processor or
central processing unit (CPU) 610, location sensors 612, 616, a
keypad controller 618, a camera engine 620, a speaker module 622, a
microphone module 624, a charging module 626 connected to charging
circuitry, and other well known components (e.g., accelerometer,
etc.) commonly included in modern electronic devices (e.g.,
smartphones, mobile gaming consoles, etc.).
[0092] The antennas 630 may be dual-polarized and/or employ any
mounting or design technique currently known or which may be
developed in the future. In various embodiments, the antennas 630
may be oriented to optimize communications between the relay module
102 and the local/small cell site 104, mobile devices, 108, 110,
140, radio access node 120 and/or commercial/private communication
systems.
[0093] As discussed above, in an embodiment, the relay module 102
may include a global positioning system (GPS) receiver 514
configured to receive GPS signals from GPS satellites to determine
the geographic position of the relay module 102. However, one of
the challenges associated with using GPS and other geo-spatial
positioning technologies on the relay module 102 is that the relay
module's 102 ability to acquire satellite signals and navigation
data to calculate its geospatial location (called "performing a
fix") may be hindered when the relay module 102 is indoors, below
grade, and/or when the satellites are obstructed (e.g., by tall
buildings, etc.). For example, the presence of physical obstacles,
such as metal beams or walls, may cause multipath interference and
signal degradation of the wireless communication signals when the
relay module 102 is indoors. As another example, the relay module
102 may not have sufficient access to satellite communications
(e.g., to a global positioning system satellite) to effectively
ascertain its current location. In addition, the position accuracy
afforded by existing technologies is not sufficient for use in
emergency services due to the relatively high level of position
accuracy required by these services.
[0094] For these and other reasons, GPS technologies may not always
be available or suitable for use by the relay module 102.
Accordingly, in an embodiment, the location sensors 612, 616 may
include accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, pressure
sensors, and/or other sensors for determining the orientation
and/or geographic position of the relay module 102, such as sensors
for determining the radio signal delays (e.g., with respect to
cell-phone towers and/or cell sites), performing trilateration
and/or multilateration operations, identifying proximity to known
networks (e.g., Bluetooth.RTM. networks, WLAN networks, WiFi,
etc.), and/or for implementing other known location-based
technologies. In an embodiment, the location sensors 612, 616 may
include one or more sensors for monitoring physical conditions
(e.g., direction, motion/acceleration, orientation, pressure, etc.)
on or around the relay module 102. In an embodiment, the relay
module 102 may include multiple and/or redundant sensors (e.g., two
gyroscopes, two accelerometers, etc.) for improved reliability,
more accurate measurements, and/or refined positional fixing.
[0095] In various embodiments, the relay module 102 may be
configured to use the location information collected by the
location sensors 612, 616 for refined positional fixing and/or
positional tracking in locations where GPS signals are not
available or determined to be unreliable. The relay module 102 may
send location information collected by the location sensors 612,
616 to the local/small cell site 104, mobile devices, 108, 110,
140, and/or radio access node 120. The relay module 102 may also
compute its current location based on information collected by the
location sensors 612, 616, and send its computed location
information to the local/small cell site 104, mobile devices, 108,
110, 140, and/or radio access node 120.
[0096] In various embodiments, the relay module 102 may be
configured to generate or compute enhanced location information,
which may be achieved via one or more of the techniques disclosed
in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/491,915 titled Method and
System for Providing Enhanced Location Based Information for
Wireless Handsets filed on Aug. 14, 2012, the entire contents of
which is hereby incorporated by reference. In such embodiments, the
location sensors 616 may collect or generate location information
about the relay module 102 for refined positional fixing and/or
positional tracking in locations where GPS signals are not
available or reliable.
[0097] The processor/CPU 610 of the relay module 102 may be
configured to receive processor-executable software instructions,
which may included in communication signals transmitted by the
radio access node 120, the local/small cell site 104, the local
incident command using a local terminal 116, handheld computer 114,
and/or any other network component. The processor/CPU 610 may
implement the received instructions to change or update the
operations of the relay module 102. For example, the processor/CPU
610 may receive instructions from the handheld computer 114 and
execute/implement the received instructions to change the type of
information (e.g., video, voice, or telemetry) collected and/or
relayed by the relay module 102. In this manner, a local incident
commander may control what types of information are collected by
the relay modules 102 and/or what types of information are made
available to the networked components (e.g., handheld computer 114,
mobile devices, etc.).
[0098] The processor/CPU 610 may also be configured to send and
receive information to and from other electronic devices in close
proximity to the relay module 102. For example, the processor/CPU
610 may be configured to receive information from an oxygen sensor
worn by a first responder at the incident scene, and determine
whether additional conditions should be monitored and/or whether
additional information should be collected by the relay module 102
based on the information received from the oxygen sensor. The relay
module 102 may communicate the received oxygen sensor information
and information collected/generated in response to receiving the
oxygen sensor information to any networked component (e.g.,
handheld computer 114, mobile devices, etc.) and/or display the
information on an electronic display coupled to the relay module.
In this manner, the relay module 102 may be configured detect a
changing situation requiring the attention of a relevant actor
(e.g., a person wearing the relay module, emergency personnel, the
local incident commander, etc), and inform the relevant actor of
the changing situation.
[0099] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may be configured to
send, receive, and/or relay information to other relay modules 102
and/or selected devices via a radio frequency link, which may be
controlled by the radio-frequency identification module 608. In an
embodiment, the relay modules 102 may update or adjust their
operations based on the information received from other relay
modules 102 over the radio frequency link. For example, a first
relay module 102 may be configured to send biometric information
collected by the sensors 612, 616 to a second relay module 102 over
a radio frequency link. In this manner, relay modules 102 within
the same vicinity or explosive environment may remain informed of
the conditions (e.g., current air supply, heart rate, body
temperature, battery status, etc.) associated with the other relay
modules 102 and/or users of the other relay modules 102, and adjust
their operations accordingly.
[0100] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may communicate with
other relay modules and/or any RF, WiFi or Bluetooth enabled device
via the RFID 608 and/or WiFi/Bluetooth 602 modules. For example, in
an embodiment, the relay module 102 may receive information from
medical equipment and/or other devices capable of sharing telemetry
information via the RFID 608 and/or WiFi/Bluetooth 602 modules, and
update or adjust its operations based on the received
information.
[0101] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may include
components (e.g., non-transitory computer readable media,
processor, etc.) that store and/or execute client software. In an
embodiment, the client software may be tailored for the type of
environment in which the relay module 102 is deployed. In an
embodiment, the relay module 102 may automatically detect
environment in which is deployed, and automatically modify the
client software functionality and/or relay module 102 functionality
to match the detected environment.
[0102] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may include a camera
engine 620 configured to control one or more cameras of the relay
module 102, which may include a standard camera, a night vision
camera, an infrared camera, or any other camera currently available
or which may be developed in the future.
[0103] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may configured to
adjust the quality and/or resolution of the images and video
information collected by the camera of the relay module 102. In an
embodiment, the relay module 102 may configured to adjust the
quality and/or resolution of the video feeds transmitted from, or
received by, the relay module 102. In an embodiment, the relay
module 102 may be configured to adjust the quality and/or
resolution of the videos and/or video feeds based on the detected
environmental or network conditions, situation awareness, and/or
instructions received from the radio access node 120, the
local/small cell site 104, the local incident command using a local
terminal 116, a handheld computer 114, etc.
[0104] In order to reduce the potential sources of arching that
could cause an explosion, the relay module 102 may be powered by an
internal battery. The internal battery may include one or more
rechargeable or non-rechargeable batteries. Since rechargeable
batteries do not require frequent replacement, their inclusion in
the relay module 102 may eliminate or reduce the frequency in which
the housing is opened and/or the frequency in which the air-tight
seal is broken. In various embodiments, the relay module 102 may
include any type of rechargeable battery currently known or which
may be developed in the future, including nickel cadmium, nickel
hydride, nickel-metal hydride, or lithium-ion batteries.
[0105] To eliminate external metal contacts (which could serve as
an ignition source), the relay module 102 may include charging
circuitry, which may be configured to fit into, and receive power
from, a charging receptacle. In an embodiment, charging circuitry
may be configured to recharge the battery using an induction
charging system, which may be powered by the charging
receptacle.
[0106] FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example battery 700 suitable
for use in an embodiment relay module 102. Specifically, FIG. 7
illustrates that the battery 700 may have a low profile and/or be
configured to be worn by the user on or around a jacket sleeve 202
of protective clothing. In an embodiment, the battery 700 may be
flat and/or pliable to provide flexibility and/or for a lowered
profile.
[0107] FIG. 8 is an illustration of another battery 800 suitable
for use in an embodiment relay module 102. In the example
illustrated in FIG. 8, the battery 606 includes a plurality of
cells 810, any or all of which may be interconnected via a flexible
circuit 802. The flexible circuit 802 may be configured to provide
the necessary connectivity between the cells 810 and/or to achieve
correct voltage and power requirements. The battery 800 may further
include a positive lead 804 and a negative lead 806. In an
embodiment, the leads 804, 806 may be coupled to a charging circuit
of the relay module 102.
[0108] FIG. 9 is an illustration of a side portion of an embodiment
relay module 102. Specifically, FIG. 9 illustrates that the relay
module 102 may include a flexible battery 902 positioned beneath
the electronic components 904. The relay module 102 may also
include a flexible fastening means 906 positioned beneath the
battery 902 and configured to fasten the relay module 102 to the
user's protective clothing. In an embodiment, the flexible
fastening means 906 may include a fabric hook-and-loop fastener
(e.g., VELCRO.RTM., etc.), hook tape, loop tape, sliding-engaging
fastener, and/or any other similar fastening mechanisms currently
known or which may be developed in the future.
[0109] FIG. 10 is an illustration an embodiment relay module 102 in
which a battery charging adaptor 1002 is positioned between the
flexible battery 902 and the electronic components 904. In an
embodiment, the charging adaptor 1002 may be configured to fit into
a charging receptacle and/or a charging base.
[0110] FIG. 11 is an illustration of a jacket sleeve 202 having
fastening unit 1102 for fastening a relay module to protective
clothing (e.g., bunker or turnout gear, etc.) in accordance with an
embodiment. In various embodiments, the fastening unit 1102 may be
glued, sown, woven into, and/or permanently attached to the
protective clothing. The fastening unit 1102 may be positioned in a
variety of locations/positions on the protective clothing,
including the right sleeve, left sleeve, or both. In example
illustrated in FIG. 11, the fastening unit 1102 is positioned near
the end of a right jacket sleeve 202 of the protective clothing,
abutting a glove area 204.
[0111] In various embodiments, the fastening unit 1102 may include
a fabric hook-and-loop fastener (e.g., VELCRO.RTM., etc.), hook
tape, loop tape, sliding-engaging fastener, locking clips, mounting
clips, and/or any other similar fastening mechanisms suitable for
securing the relay module 102 to the protective clothing. In an
embodiment, the fastening unit 1102 may be configured to enable the
relay module 102 to be readily transferable to any person who
requires the need for an intrinsically safe communications
device.
[0112] In various embodiments, the relay module 102 may be
configured to be mounted on a removable sleeve 1202, examples of
which are illustrated in FIGS. 12-13. The removable sleeve 1202 may
be formed so that it may be worn on an arm of a human user and/or
slipped over a jacket sleeve. The removable sleeve 1202 may include
any or all of a fabric hook-and-loop fastener (e.g., VELCRO.RTM.,
etc.), hook tape, loop tape, sliding-engaging fastener, locking
clips, and/or any other similar fastening mechanisms suitable for
securing the relay module 102 to the removable sleeve 1202.
[0113] In various embodiments, the removable sleeve 1202 may
include elastic materials, such as elastomers, stretchable fabrics,
rubbers, etc, and/or be formed from any material suitable for
securing the removable sleeve 1202 to a jacket sleeve and/or an arm
of a human user. In an embodiment, the removable sleeve 1202 may be
formed to be large enough to accommodate jackets and hazmat suit
sleeves, and small enough to fit securely over the sleeves of plain
clothing or the bare arms of a human user. In various embodiments,
the removable sleeve 1202 may be one of multiple sizes (e.g.,
small, medium, large, long, short, etc.) and configurations, each
of which may have a specific internal diameter, elasticity, length,
weight, thickness, etc. In an embodiment, the removable sleeve 1202
may be resizable.
[0114] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12, the removable sleeve
1202 includes a fabric hook-and-loop fastener (e.g., VELCRO.RTM.,
etc.) portion 1204 that spans the outer circumference of the
removable sleeve 1202 so that the relay module 102 may be mounted
in any orientation and/or position on the removable sleeve
1202.
[0115] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13, the removable sleeve
1202 includes a mounting or locking clips 1302 configured to engage
corresponding locking clips attached to a relay module 102 to
secure the relay module 102 to the removable sleeve 1202. The
locking clips 1302 may include male locking clips, female locking
clips, and/or any other similar technology currently known or which
may be developed in the future.
[0116] In an embodiment, the removable sleeve 1202 may include both
a fabric hook-and-loop fastener (e.g., VELCRO.RTM., etc.) portion
1204 and locking clips 1302.
[0117] The removable sleeve 1202 may be particularly useful in
situations in which suitably configured protective clothing is not
available, such as in situations in which the relay module 102 must
be used in conjunction with plain or protective clothing that does
not include a fastening means for fastening a relay module to the
plain/protective clothing.
[0118] In various embodiments, the relay module 102 may be
configured to be mounted to a human arm or jacket sleeve via one or
more straps.
[0119] FIG. 14A is an illustration of an embodiment relay module
102 having straps 1402 suitable for securing the relay module to a
human arm, a jacket sleeve, an apparatus carried by user, etc. The
straps 1402 may be configured so that they may be wrapped around a
human arm, jacket sleeve and/or apparatus. In an embodiment, the
straps 1402 may include locking clips 1404, which may be any
combination of male locking clips, female locking clips, and/or any
other similar technology currently known or which may be developed
in the future. In an embodiment, the straps 1402 may be adjustable
to accommodate different arm/sleeve diameters.
[0120] FIG. 14B is another illustration of an embodiment relay
module 102 having straps 1402 suitable for securing the relay
module to a human arm, a jacket sleeve, an apparatus carried by
user, etc. In the example illustrated in FIG. 14B, the relay module
102 include four straps 1402, each of which includes a locking clip
1404, which may include male locking clips, female locking clips,
and/or any other similar technology currently known or which may be
developed in the future.
[0121] In various embodiments, the relay module 102 may be
configured to be mounted to a human arm or jacket sleeve via
locking clips 1404 attached to the relay module 102, eliminating
the need for the strap 1402.
[0122] FIG. 15 is an illustration of an example charging receptacle
1500 suitable for recharging the battery 700 of the relay module
102. The recharging power may be provided by an induction coil 1501
positioned within or adjacent to the charging receptacle 1500 and
coupled to a rectifier and charge control circuit 1502. Energy may
be transferred by induction from induction coil 1501 to charge
control circuit 1502, which may ensure that the housing for the
explosion-proof video and communication relay module 102 does not
expose wires, electronics, or metal contacts to the atmosphere.
[0123] The charging receptacle 1500 may be powered by an
alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) source 1504. In an
embodiment, the charging receptacle 1500 may be configured to use
both AC and DC power as the source 1504. In an embodiment, the
charging receptacle 1500 may include a DC to AC switching rectifier
configured to convert the DC voltage to AC voltage.
[0124] In order to ensure the explosion-proof communication relay
module 102 is safe to operate in an explosive environment, the
internal circuitry may include various safety features which may
not be required in other communication devices. These safety
features may include fault isolation circuit elements, such as
sealed fuses 1506, which may isolate the battery 700 from a fault
in the event of a short-circuit or similar fault. The relay module
102 any of a variety of other known fault tolerant circuit elements
1510 in addition to, or instead of, the sealed fuses 1506. The
fault tolerant circuit elements 1510 may be configured to ensure
that a short circuit cannot generate a temperature high enough to
ignite explosive vapors.
[0125] In addition to the fault tolerant circuit elements 1510 and
self acting isolation circuitry such as fuses 1506, the
processor/CPU 610 may be configured with software to monitor
voltage and current through a variety of circuit elements 1508 and
activate cut off switches or relays that can isolate overheating or
faulted circuitry.
[0126] The explosion-proof video and communication relay module 102
may also include internal temperature sensors, such as thermistors
1520 configured to monitor the temperature of the battery 700 and
other internal electronics. For example, most rechargeable
batteries generate heat during the charge or discharge cycle. By
using temperature indicating readings received from a thermistor
1520 coupled to the battery 700, the processor 610 may monitor
charging and discharging cycles, such as to terminate charging once
the battery reaches a fully charged or elevated temperature
condition.
[0127] Additionally, the processor 610 may monitor battery
temperature to assess the condition of the battery to protect
against the possibility of overheating or explosion as has been
known to occur in some battery types. The processor 610 may be
configured with software to present an alarm to users when the
battery temperature or performance indicates that the battery 700
poses a threat of overheating or fire. Similarly, the processor 610
may monitor internal temperatures using other thermistors 1520 to
determine whether any of the electronics are overheating or if the
module itself is in a overheat condition, such as in the presence
of external fire. The processor 610 may also be configured to take
preventative actions to limit damage to the module in the event of
overheating, including generating audible or visual alarms or
transmitting signals via one or more of the antennas 630.
[0128] FIG. 16 is an illustration of a charging base 1600 suitable
for use with the various embodiments. The charging base 1600 may
include a power input 1602, which may be both an AC and DC power
source, depending on an external plug 1604 used to facilitate one
or both AC and DC inputs. The charging base 1600 may include power
control circuitry 1606 configured to provide the required AC
voltage to the inductors for induction power transfer. The charging
base 1600 may also include a fusible link 1608 configured for use
in over voltage conditions and LED lights to indicate the charging
state.
[0129] FIG. 17 is an illustration of another charging base 1700
suitable for use with the various embodiments. The charging base
1700 may include a receiving portion 1702 having induction coils
and configured to engage and charge a battery 700 of the relay
module.
[0130] FIG. 18 illustrates that the relay module 102 may include an
audio circuit 1806 configured to control a microphone 1802 and
speaker 1804 from within the hermetically sealed relay module 102.
Input and output to and from the microphone 1802 and speaker 1804
may communicated via a near field communications radio, such as a
Bluetooth radio 602. The CPU 610 may control the audio circuit 1806
to control the audio information sent and/or received from the
microphone 1802 and speaker 1804.
[0131] In the example illustrated in FIG. 18, the microphone 1802
is attached to an audio strap 1803 that may be worn by personnel
entering into an explosive environment. In an embodiment, the audio
strap 1802 may be adjustable. In an embodiment, the microphone 1802
and/or speaker 1804 may include a mounting clip made of non
conductive material so that they may be worn by personnel in an
explosive environment.
[0132] In an embodiment, the relay module 102 may be tethered
(e.g., via wires, wireless link, etc.) to the microphone 1802
and/or speaker 1804. In an embodiment, the tethering of the relay
module 102 to the microphone 1802 and/or speaker 1804 may be
performed so that a tethering connection is achieved inside of the
protective clothing, such as via wires included in the protective
clothing. When tethered via a wireless link, the relay module may
utilize a variety of broadband and narrowband communication methods
for both near field and longer range communications.
[0133] FIG. 19 illustrates that the relay module 102 may include an
array of locking clips 1404 configured to secure the relay module
102 to the protective clothing 202, and release the relay module
102 for recharging.
[0134] In various embodiments, relay modules 102 may be configured
to operate as standalone devices or may be grouped with other
devices for collaborative communication in which one or more of the
relay modules may operate as an access point for other relay
modules or other wireless devices.
[0135] FIG. 20 illustrates an embodiment method 2000 for the
initializing and authenticating a plurality of relay modules,
grouping the relay modules with other explosion relay modules, and
confirming the groupings. When energized, each of relay modules
2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 may immediately scan the airwaves for
defined and preferred radio frequency (RF) carriers and systems.
For example, after relay module 2001 is powered on, it may scan the
airwaves for predefined and/or preferred radio frequency carriers
and/or systems with which the relay module 2001 may connect to the
network. If the relay module 2001 does not find an appropriate
network with which it may connect (or loses its connection) the
relay module 2001 may scan the airwaves for other radio access
systems (e.g., mobile network, radio access point associated with a
mobile device, etc.) to acquire (i.e., connect to) until a
connection to a network/Internet is established. These operations
may also be performed in the event of a dropped call or power
interruption.
[0136] The relay module 2001 may also begin acquiring GPS signals
while scanning the airwaves for radio frequency carriers and/or
systems. If the relay module 2001 cannot acquire GPS signals, a
network component (not illustrated) may help determine the relative
position of the relay module 2001 based on one or more of the
location determination solutions discussed herein (e.g., based on
the antenna used for the radio access point, the time delay, angle
of arrival, etc.).
[0137] The relay module 2001 may acquire (i.e., connect to) an
appropriate radio access system, radio frequency carrier and/or
system via the mobile device's system acquisition system and
establish a connection to a network via an eNodeB (eNB1 or eNB2) or
any other communication technologies discussed above.
[0138] After the relay module 2001 acquires the radio access
system, the network (i.e., a component in the network such as a
server) will know the approximate location of the relay module 2001
(e.g., via one or more of the location determination solutions
discussed above, such as proximity to base towers). In addition,
the relay module 2001 may compute its current location (e.g., via
GPS and/or the location determination solutions discussed above),
store the computations in a memory of the mobile device, and report
its current location to the network.
[0139] In addition to knowing the approximate location of the relay
module 2001, the network may also be informed of the locations of
other relay modules 2002, 2003, 2004 and the proximity of the other
relay modules 2002, 2003, 2004 to the recently acquired relay
module 2001.
[0140] After initialization and authentication, the relay modules
may be instructed to be grouped by the network. Relay modules 2001
and 2002 may initiate sharing of information for position location,
either due to the network driven grouping request or when the relay
module has lost contact with the network and attempts to find a
suitable relay module to help in its position location and possible
connection to the network via a relay or to another network.
[0141] Relay module 2001 may send a request for position
information to relay module 2002. The information may be sent after
the authentication process between relay modules, and may include a
time stamp. The time stamp may be sub seconds in size (e.g.,
milliseconds). The relay module 2002 may respond with a message
that also has a time stamp, and timing information pertaining to
when the relay module 2002 received the time stamp from relay
module 2001. Three messages may be transferred quickly to establish
time synchronization. The time differences may then be compared,
along with possible pulses or pings, to establish an estimated
distance vector between the relay modules. Knowing the distance
vector and the x, y, and z coordinates of both 2001 and 2002, a
point-to-point fix may be established.
[0142] The relay module 2001 may then initiate communication with
relay modules 2003, 2004 and repeat the operations discussed above
with respect to relay module 2002 for each of relay module 2003,
2004. After obtaining two or more distance vectors along with
positional information, the relay module 2001 may compare the new
coordinates to its previously computed current location, and adjust
the location computations accordingly.
[0143] The positional information distance vectors may be sent to
the network for positional processing with other network positional
information. Based on the position calculated for the relay module,
the network (i.e., a component in the network, such as a network
server or E-SMLC) may instruct the relay module to adjust its
positional information.
[0144] Additionally the relay module 2001 may also make a
positional correction if the network either does not respond in
time, which may result in a message update time out. Alternatively,
when the network cannot make the necessary correction, and the
positional information may used by another component and/or other
relay modules to perform the necessary corrections.
[0145] If the error is greater than x % for a lower positional
confidence level then no update is required. As the mobile receives
other sensor data and more than a pre-described distance in any
direction or a combined distance vector than the positional update
process begins again. If the x % of positional confidence level is
less than desired, additional positional updates may be made with
the grouped relay modules (e.g., iteratively) to improve the
confidence level of the positional information. Additionally if the
positional information from one of the relay modules that is being
attempted to obtain a distance vector appears to be in error, then
that relay modules data may be selected to not be used for this
iterative step of performing positional updates with other grouped
relay modules. However it will continue to be queried as part of
the process since its position location could be corrected in one
of the steps it is taking to improve its position location as
well.
[0146] Additionally in the event that one or more relay modules
lose communication with the core network it will still be possible
to maintain position accuracy through one of the other grouped
relay modules. It will also be possible to continue to maintain a
communication link by establishing a network relay connection with
another of the relay modules in the same group which still has
communication with the network itself.
[0147] In various embodiments, the relay modules 2001, 2002, 2003
and 2004 may be grouped based on their proximity to each other
and/or a grouping plan, which may be stored in the memory of the
relay modules, in a network component, or a remote mobile device.
In addition, the network may, based on policy and rules
pre-established or defined by the incident commander, instruct all
the relay modules 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 to form a local
network. This may be achieved by a network component or a remote
mobile device assigning a first relay module 2001 as a master relay
module so that the assigned master relay module 2001 operates as a
router to manage all communications between the wireless network
and the other relay modules 2002, 2003, 2004 in the group.
[0148] FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment method 2100 for performing
group relay operations for relaying telemetry information to a
plurality of relay modules. In blocks 2102 and 2104, the relay
modules 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 may perform initialization,
authentication, and grouping operations, as discussed above with
reference to FIG. 20. In block 2106, the location server may send
group relay instructions to any or all of the relay modules 2001,
2002, 2003, and 2004. In the example illustrated in FIG. 21, the
group relay instructions designate the relay module 2001 as the
master relay module, which establishes a data connection to the
network via an eNodeB (eNB).
[0149] In block 2108, relay module 2001 establishes a near field
local area network (NR LAN) with the grouped relay modules 2002,
2003, 2002, and takes on a master role in the established NR LAN.
Each of the grouped relay modules 2002, 2003, 2002 may send
telemetry information (including voice, data and video) to the
master relay module 2001, which relays the telemetry information to
appropriate component over the network via the eNodeB (eNB).
[0150] In an embodiment, the relayed telemetry information may
include positional information, bio-sensor information, user
bio-information, environmental information, user condition
information, and/or any other information that may be available to
the relay modules 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004.
[0151] FIG. 22 illustrates an embodiment relay module method 2200
for reestablishing lost communications links and performing group
relay operations to relay telemetry information. In blocks 2102 and
2104, the relay modules 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 may perform
initialization, authentication, and grouping operations, as
discussed above with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21. In block 2202,
relay module 2002 may determine that it has lost its connection to
the eNodeB (eNB) and can no longer can access the communications
network. As part of block 2202, the relay module 2002 may begin
scanning the airwaves for another radios access system to
acquire.
[0152] In block 2204, a location server (e.g., E-SMLC) may
determine that it can no longer communicate directly with relay
module 2002, and send the last known position of the relay module
2002 to the other relay modules 2001, 2003, 2004 along with group
relay instructions that designate the relay module 2001 as the
master relay module. In block 2206, relay module 2001 establishes a
near field local area network (NR LAN) with the grouped relay
modules 2002, 2003, 2002, and takes on a master role in the
established NR LAN.
[0153] The relay module 2002 may send location and telemetry
information (including voice, data and video) to the master relay
module 2001. The master relay module 2001 may relay the received
location and/or telemetry information to the location server (e.g.,
E-SMLC), which may use the received information to reestablish a
communication link with the relay module 2002. The master relay
module 2001 may also relay the telemetry information to appropriate
component over the network via the eNodeB (eNB) until, for example,
the lost communication link is reestablished.
[0154] FIG. 23 illustrates various components commonly included in
a mobile transceiver device 2300 and suitable for use as a relay
module or a mobile device in various embodiments. A typical mobile
transceiver device 2300 include a processor 2301 coupled to
internal memory 2302, a display 2304, and to a speaker 2306. In
addition, the mobile transceiver device 2300 may include an antenna
2308 for sending and receiving electromagnetic radiation that may
be connected to a wireless data link and/or cellular telephone
transceiver 2310 coupled to the processor 2301. Mobile transceiver
devices 2300 also typically include menu selection buttons or
rocker switches 2310 for receiving user inputs.
[0155] A typical mobile transceiver device 2300 also includes a
sound encoding/decoding (CODEC) circuit 2312 which digitizes sound
received from a microphone into data packets suitable for wireless
transmission and decodes received sound data packets to generate
analog signals that are provided to the speaker 2306 to generate
sound. Also, one or more of the processor 2301, transceivers 2310,
and CODEC 2312 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) circuit
(not shown separately). The mobile transceiver device 2300 may
further include a peanut or a ZigBee transceiver (i.e., an IEEE
802.15.4 transceiver) 2314 for low-power short-range communications
between wireless devices, or other similar communication circuitry
(e.g., circuitry implementing the Bluetooth.RTM. or WiFi protocols,
etc.).
[0156] Various embodiments may be implemented on any of a variety
of commercially available server devices, such as the server 2400
illustrated in FIG. 24. Such a server 2400 typically includes one
or more processors 2401, 2402 coupled to volatile memory 2403 and a
large capacity nonvolatile memory, such as a disk drive 2404. The
server 2400 may also include a floppy disc drive, compact disc (CD)
or DVD disc drive 2406 coupled to the processor 2401. The server
2400 may also include network access ports coupled to the processor
2401 for establishing data connections with a network 2405, such as
a local area network coupled to other communication system
computers and servers.
[0157] The processors 2301, 2401 and 2402 may be any programmable
microprocessor, microcomputer or multiple processor chip or chips
that can be configured by software instructions (applications) to
perform a variety of functions, including the functions of the
various embodiments described below. In some mobile devices,
multi-core processors 2402 may be provided, such as one processor
core dedicated to wireless communication functions and one
processor core dedicated to running other applications. Typically,
software applications may be stored in the internal memory before
they are accessed and loaded into the processor 2301, 2401 and
2402. The processors 2301, 2401 and 2402 may include internal
memory sufficient to store the application software
instructions.
[0158] The various embodiments may be implemented in, or make use
of, a variety of commercial cellular networks, including LTE, CDMA,
and/or GSM cellular networks. Various embodiments may make use of
different implementations of these basic cellular technologies,
including WCMDA, TD-CDMA, and TD-SCDMA. In addition, various
embodiments may make use of any of a wide variety of wireless
cellular data network protocols (e.g., WiFi, WiMAX, Bluetooth,
etc.), near field communication technologies (e.g., peanut,
ultrawideband, whitespace communication, etc.), and/or radio
communication technologies (e.g., land mobile radio or "LMR" and/or
Project 25 or "P25" wireless access technologies).
[0159] Mobile devices may be configured to communicate with a radio
access node, which may include any or all of wireless base station,
radio access point, components for establishing communication links
to various networks, including LTE, CDMA2000/EVDO, WCDMA/HSPA,
IS-136, GSM, WiMax, WiFi, AMPS, DECT, TD-SCDMA, TD-CDMA, a switch,
Land Mobile Radio (LMR) interoperability equipment, a Fixed Service
Satellite (FSS) (e.g., for remote interconnection to the Internet
and PSTN), and other similar components.
[0160] The various embodiments may be described with reference to
specific frequencies, including the 700 MHz LTE band, the 450 MHz,
700 MHz, 850 MHz bands, the 1710-1755 MHz and 2110-2155 MHz AWS
bands (as well as future AWS bands), and the 1.8-1202 GHz PCS band,
etc. In addition, various embodiments may be described with
reference to specific LTE frequencies. However, the various
embodiments may make use of any or all technologies, frequencies,
and mobile cellular bands currently in use or which may be employed
in the future. By way of example, various embodiments may be
implemented with cellular wireless networks that operate at
different frequencies, such as WiFi and WiMAX. Thus, it should be
understood that references to particular frequencies or
technologies are for illustrative purposes only, and not intended
to limit the scope of the invention or the claims to particular
frequencies, bands or cellular communication protocols unless
specifically recited in the claims.
[0161] References to cellular telephones in the descriptions of the
various embodiments are not intended to exclude other communication
devices and two-way radios.
[0162] Flashlights are prevalent devices and are used extensively
to aid in situation awareness.
[0163] Mobile devices may include a subscriber identification
module (SIM) hardware, memory, or card that stores one or more
encoded values that identify the mobile device's home network. In
various embodiments, the mobile device SIM may be a virtual SIM, a
removable user identity module (R-UIM), a Mini SIM, a MicroSIM, a
universal subscriber identity module (USIM) or any other similar
identity module.
[0164] Generally, when a mobile device's home network is not
available, the mobile device may traverse a preferred roaming list
(PRL) to identify a visitor network through which the mobile device
may connect to the global telecommunication network. In the various
embodiments, a mobile device may include a system acquisition
function configured to use information contained in the SIM or PRL
to determine the order in which listed frequencies or channels will
be tried when the mobile device is to acquire (i.e., connect to) a
wireless network system (also referred to as a network or
communication network). A mobile device may attempt to acquire
network access (i.e., locate a channel or frequency with which it
can access a wireless network) at initial power-on or when a
current channel or frequency is lost for a variety of possible
reasons.
[0165] The widespread use of cellular telephone communications
makes such mobile devices ideal for many ad hoc communication
situations. Cellular telephones, flashlights and video cameras are
not designed, however, to operate in explosive environments, so
lack fault tolerance circuitry, and have exposed metal contacts
which could serve as spark initiators. Therefore, anyone entering
potentially explosive environments must forgo his or her
conventional cellular telephones and flashlights and other
electronics like video capture and relay devices.
[0166] The various embodiments overcome the limitations of personal
lighting, real time video transfer, and cellular telephone and
other mobile wireless communication systems to enable their use in
explosive environments, including the ability to relay cellular
communications deep into building and underground facilities where
cellular signals cannot normally reach. A portable explosion-proof
video and communication system is provided and features a
hermetically-sealed casing that encompasses all circuit and metal
contacts, fault-tolerant electrical circuitry, an induction
charging module for recharging internal batteries without the need
for any exposed metal contacts, and a power management algorithm
that maintains output power at the lowest level that can provide
adequate communications. In order to complete the video and
communication system, an explosion-proof video and mobile
communication device, such as a cellular telephone, and a personal
illumination device is provided, which is hermetically sealed and
includes fault-tolerant circuitry and an induction charging module
for recharging internal batteries without the need for any exposed
metal contacts. As a further embodiment, a nonmetallic sealed
container is provided for, encompassing conventional mobile
communication devices, such as cellular telephone handsets, real
time video relay, and personal illumination device so that they can
be taken into an explosive environment.
[0167] The various embodiments provide explosion-proof video
communication system modules and explosion-proof mobile devices,
such as cellular telephones, real time video relay modules, and
personal illumination modules that are configured for safe
operation in an explosive environment and extend the reach of a
communication network, such as a cellular telephone network.
[0168] The explosion-proof video and communications relay module
102 may receive information from the sensor module 122 or through
the communications network, either from the cloud 130 or from the
local computer/server 13. Emergency medical services 132 can also
use an explosion-proof communications relay module 11 and see the
information from any one of the video and communication relay
modules. In addition, the communication device 11 can link with a
hospital 129 from the ambulance 126 or from the incident
itself.
[0169] In order to meet the communication requirements to enhance
situation awareness with intrinsic safe equipment it may be
necessary to change some of the communication equipment form factor
for improved functionality.
[0170] A number of hazardous work environments exist where
conventional communication systems are either impractical or cost
prohibitive or both.
[0171] Emergency services personnel using conventional
communications equipment face the risk of causing explosions when
they must enter collapsed buildings, underground passage ways and
subways, or vehicle or aircraft accident scenes where explosive
vapors may be generated or accumulate. In such situations emergency
services personnel need effective and efficient communication means
to coordinate with others, call in medical assistance, or seek
advice from commanders and technicians positioned outside the
danger area. Conventional communications systems may not be
feasible, however, due to their potential to initiate an explosion
if used in explosive environments.
[0172] The capabilities of cellular communications and in
particular smart phones make it possible to extend broadband to the
edge of the network both for public and private wireless systems.
With Broadband to the end of the network it is now possible to have
mission-critical information that can be accessed and displayed
through cellular communications technology thereby improving
situation awareness and responsiveness.
[0173] Additionally it is now possible to have video and other data
telemetry information besides voice communications sent to other
cellular devices. It is also possible to have the video and other
telemetry information sent to the incident command so that one can
be aware of what the personnel in the explosive environment are
actually seeing.
[0174] The explosion-proof video and communication relay module may
also be capable of operating as an intrinsically safe flashlight so
as to minimize the amount of equipment personnel entering the
environment need to have donned.
[0175] To minimize the risk of explosion in such dangerous
situations, it is critical that all equipment used by workers who
must venture into such environments be designed to remove all
possible ignition sources. Electrical equipment, even low voltage
equipment, is of particular concern due to the possibility of a
spark generated by a shorted circuit that may ignite a highly
explosive environment. In addition, communication equipment has the
potential of inducing voltages in exposed metal components which
can also cause a spark under certain circumstances.
[0176] Ideally, a communication system for use in explosive
environments will be able to provide data and voice communications
that are scalable so that the extent and range of communication
coverage can grow and shrink as the situation requires. In
addition, it is desirable to have video and communication equipment
which is mobile so that the equipment can be easily donned during a
rescue operation and quickly doffed if needed. It is also desirable
to have video and communication equipment used by personnel in
explosive environment is durable and cost efficient to operate.
[0177] In most situations personnel entering a hazardous area need
to don protective equipment in order to enter those environments.
Specifically Fire Service, Hazmat and other personnel when donning
protective equipment lose some mobility, functionality and
visibility for situation awareness due to the protective equipment
that is donned.
[0178] Preferably, a communication system would provide users with
the necessary mobility to move about while providing enhanced
situation communication and situation awareness in hazardous
environments.
[0179] The use of both day and night video cameras and of infrared
cameras is becoming more commonplace. Their ability to lend to
situation awareness has led to many improvements in their use,
especially in security, law enforcement, surveillance and
inspections.
[0180] The foregoing method descriptions and the process flow
diagrams are provided merely as illustrative examples and are not
intended to require or imply that the steps of the various
embodiments must be performed in the order presented. As one of
skill in the art would appreciate, one may perform the steps in the
foregoing embodiments in any order.
[0181] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various
illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps
described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein that
may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or
combinations of both. To illustrate clearly this interchangeability
of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks,
modules, circuits, and steps have been described generally above in
terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is
implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular
application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in
varying ways for each particular application, but such
implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a
departure from the scope of the present invention.
[0182] The foregoing description of the various embodiments is
provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the
present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will
be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic
principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments
without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus,
the present invention is not intended to be limited to the
embodiments shown herein, and instead the claims should be accorded
the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features
disclosed herein.
[0183] In the foregoing descriptions of the various embodiments the
communication systems are described as including explosion-proof
cellular telephones 15 which may be any explosion-proof mobile
device. One of skill in the art, however, will appreciate that the
explosion-proof communication relay modules 10 may be used with
non-explosion-proof mobile devices when not used in an explosive
environment. Thus, while the explosion-proof communication relay
modules 10 enable safe and effective communications in explosive
environments, they will work equally effectively in non-explosive
environments with any mobile devices (explosion-proof or not) that
operate at compatible communication frequencies.
[0184] The foregoing method descriptions and process flow diagrams
are provided merely as illustrative examples and are not intended
to require or imply that the blocks of the various embodiments must
be performed in the order presented. As will be appreciated by one
of skill in the art, the order of blocks in the foregoing
embodiments may be performed in any order. Words such as
"thereafter," "then," "next," and etc. are not intended to limit
the order of the blocks; these words are simply used to guide the
reader through the description of the methods. Furthermore, any
reference to claim elements in the singular, for example, using the
articles "a," "an," or "the" should not be construed as limiting
the element to the singular form.
[0185] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits,
and algorithm blocks described in connection with the embodiments
disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware,
computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate
this interchangeability of hardware and software, various
illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and blocks have
been described above generally in terms of their functionality.
Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software
depends upon the particular application and design constraints
imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the
described functionality in varying ways for each particular
application, but such implementation decisions should not be
interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present
invention.
[0186] The hardware used to implement the various illustrative
logics, logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in
connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented
or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal
processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC),
a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic
device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware
components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the
functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a
microprocessor, but, in the alternative, the processor may be any
conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state
machine A processor may also be implemented as a combination of
computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a
microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more
microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such
configuration. Alternatively, some blocks or methods may be
performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
[0187] In one or more exemplary aspects, the functions described
may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any
combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may
be stored as one or more instructions or code on a non-transitory
computer-readable medium or non-transitory processor-readable
medium. The steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be
embodied in a processor-executable software module which may reside
on a non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage
medium. Non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable
storage media may be any storage media that may be accessed by a
computer or a processor. By way of example but not limitation, such
non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable media may
include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory, CD-ROM or other optical
disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage
devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired
program code in the form of instructions or data structures and
that may be accessed by a computer. Disk and disc, as used herein,
include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital
versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and blu-ray disc where disks
usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data
optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included
within the scope of non-transitory computer-readable and
processor-readable media. In addition, the operations of a method
or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes
and/or instructions on a non-transitory processor-readable medium
and/or computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a
computer program product.
[0188] The preceding description of the disclosed embodiments is
provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the
present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will
be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic
principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments
without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus,
the present invention is not intended to be limited to the
embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope
consistent with the following claims and the principles and novel
features disclosed herein.
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