U.S. patent application number 13/676288 was filed with the patent office on 2013-03-28 for 4-1bb binding molecules.
This patent application is currently assigned to PFIZER INC. The applicant listed for this patent is Pfizer Inc. Invention is credited to Bianca AHRENS, Sangita M. BAXI, Timothy Scott FISHER, Richard Michael JEROME, Kathrin LADETZKI-BAEHS, Theodore OLIPHANT, Leslie Lynne SHARP, Michael TESAR, Libbey Anne YATES, Moritz ZULLEY.
Application Number | 20130078240 13/676288 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44759732 |
Filed Date | 2013-03-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130078240 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
AHRENS; Bianca ; et
al. |
March 28, 2013 |
4-1BB BINDING MOLECULES
Abstract
The present disclosure provides isolated binding molecules that
bind to human 4-1BB, nucleic acid molecules encoding an amino acid
sequence of the binding molecules, vectors comprising the nucleic
acid molecules, host cells containing the vectors, methods of
making the binding molecules, pharmaceutical compositions
containing the binding molecules, and methods of using the binding
molecules or compositions.
Inventors: |
AHRENS; Bianca; (Munchen,
DE) ; BAXI; Sangita M.; (San Diego, CA) ;
FISHER; Timothy Scott; (San Diego, CA) ; JEROME;
Richard Michael; (East Hampstead, NH) ;
LADETZKI-BAEHS; Kathrin; (Planegg, DE) ; OLIPHANT;
Theodore; (Galesburg, MI) ; SHARP; Leslie Lynne;
(San Diego, CA) ; TESAR; Michael; (Augsberg,
DE) ; YATES; Libbey Anne; (Dardenne Prairie, MO)
; ZULLEY; Moritz; (Munchen, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Pfizer Inc; |
New York |
NY |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
PFIZER INC
New York
NY
|
Family ID: |
44759732 |
Appl. No.: |
13/676288 |
Filed: |
November 14, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13228532 |
Sep 9, 2011 |
8337850 |
|
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13676288 |
|
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61381210 |
Sep 9, 2010 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/133.1 ;
424/139.1; 530/387.9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07K 2317/56 20130101;
C07K 2317/52 20130101; A61K 2039/505 20130101; C07K 2317/75
20130101; C07K 2317/55 20130101; C12N 15/62 20130101; C07K 2317/74
20130101; C12N 5/06 20130101; A61K 2039/507 20130101; C07K 16/2887
20130101; C07K 16/30 20130101; C07K 2317/21 20130101; A61P 35/00
20180101; C07K 16/2878 20130101; C07K 2317/34 20130101; A61K 45/06
20130101; C07K 2317/567 20130101; A61K 39/39558 20130101; C07K
2317/92 20130101; C07K 2317/33 20130101; A61K 38/02 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/133.1 ;
530/387.9; 424/139.1 |
International
Class: |
C07K 16/28 20060101
C07K016/28; A61K 45/06 20060101 A61K045/06; A61K 39/395 20060101
A61K039/395 |
Claims
1. An isolated antibody or a antigen-binding portion thereof
wherein said antibody or antigen-binding portion binds human 4-1BB
extracellular domain at an epitope comprising amino acid residues
115-156 of SEQ ID NO: 68.
2. The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof according to
claim 1 wherein said antibody or antigen-binding portion binds
human 4-1BB with a K.sub.D of 10 nM or less for the human 4-1BB
extracellular domain as measured with the BIACore assay.
3. The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof according to
claim 2 comprising a V.sub.H chain amino acid sequence as set forth
in SEQ ID NO: 43 and a V.sub.L chain amino acid sequence as set
forth in SEQ ID NO: 45.
4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody or
antigen-binding portion thereof according to claim 1 and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
5. A method for treating abnormal cell growth in a subject in need
thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective
amount of an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof according
to claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
6. A method of reducing tumor cell metastasis in a subject,
comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of an
antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof according to claim 1,
and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
7. A method of treating a disorder in a mammal, which comprises
administering to the mammal in need of treatment a therapeutically
effective amount of an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof
according to claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein said disorder is
cancer.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said cancer is selected from the
group consisting of colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
prostate cancer, or melanoma.
10. A combination therapy comprising an antibody or antigen-binding
portion thereof according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier in combination with an immunotherapeutic
agent.
11. The combination therapy of claim 10 wherein said
immunotherapeutic agent is rituximab.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from copending U.S.
Provisional Application No. 61/381,210 filed on Sep. 9, 2010, and
non-provisional application Ser. No. 13/228,532 filed on Sep. 9,
2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by
reference.
REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] This application is being filed electronically via EFS-Web
and includes an electronically submitted sequence listing in .txt
format. The .txt file contains a sequence listing entitled
"PC33845AUSSequenceListing_ST25.txt" created on Sep. 9, 2011 and
having a size of 77 KB. The sequence listing contained in the .txt
file is part of the specification and is herein incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present disclosure relates to antibodies, and
particularly antibodies that bind to human 4-1BB.
BACKGROUND
[0004] 4-1BB (also referred to as CD137, TNFRSF9, etc) is a
transmembrane protein of the Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor
superfamily (TNFRS). Current understanding of 4-1BB indicates that
expression is generally activation dependent and is present in a
broad subset of immune cells including activated NK and NKT cells,
regulatory T cells, dendritic cells (DC), stimulated mast cells,
differentiating myeloid cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and
eosinophils (Wang, 2009, Immunological Reviews 229: 192-215). 4-1BB
expression has also been demonstrated on tumor vasculature (Broll,
2001, Amer. J Clin. Pathol. 115(4):543-549; Seaman, 2007, Cancer
Cell 11: 539-554) and at sites of inflamed or atherosclerotic
endothelium (Drenkard, 2007 FASEB J. 21: 456-463; Olofsson, 2008,
Circulation 117: 1292-1301). The ligand that stimulates 4-1BB,
i.e., 4-1BB Ligand (4-1BBL), is expressed on activated
antigen-presenting cells (APCs), myeloid progenitor cells, and
hematopoietic stem cells.
[0005] Human 4-1BB is a 255 amino acid protein (Accession No.
NM.sub.--001561; NP.sub.--001552). The complete human 4-1BB amino
acid sequence is provided in SEQ ID NO:68. The protein comprises a
signal sequence (amino acid residues 1-17), followed by an
extracellular domain (169 amino acids), a transmembrane region (27
amino acids), and an intracellular domain (42 amino acids) (Cheuk
ATC et al. 2004 Cancer Gene Therapy 11: 215-226). The receptor is
expressed on the cell surface in monomer and dimer forms and likely
trimerizes with 4-1BB ligand to signal.
[0006] Numerous studies of murine and human T cells indicate that
4-1BB promotes enhanced cellular proliferation, survival, and
cytokine production (Croft, 2009, Nat Rev Immunol 9:271-285).
Studies have indicated that some 4-1BB agonist mAbs increase
costimulatory molecule expression and markedly enhance cytolytic T
lymphocyte responses, resulting in anti-tumor efficacy in various
models. 4-1BB agonist mAbs have demonstrated efficacy in
prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Further, 4-1BB monotherapy
and combination therapy tumor models have established durable
anti-tumor protective T cell memory responses (Lynch, 2008, Immunol
Rev. 22: 277-286). 4-1BB agonists also have been shown to inhibit
autoimmune reactions in a variety of art-recognized autoimmunity
models (Vinay, 2006, J Mol Med 84:726-736). This dual activity of
4-1BB offers the potential to provide anti-tumor activity while
dampening autoimmune side effects that can be associated with
immunotherapy approaches that break immune tolerance.
[0007] There is a long-felt unmet need for antibodies that bind
human 4-1BB, increase a 4-1BB-mediated response, and thereby
provide a potential therapeutic for treatment of various diseases
and conditions, including cancer.
SUMMARY
[0008] It is an object of the disclosure to provide an isolated
binding molecule that binds to human 4-1BB, such as an antibody or
a binding fragment thereof, or derivative thereof. It is another
object of the disclosure to provide a composition comprising a
binding molecule that binds to 4-1BB. It is also an object of the
present disclosure to provide methods for treating a disease and/or
condition associated with or mediated by 4-1BB signaling by using
one or more binding molecules of the disclosure. These and other
objects of the disclosure are more fully described herein.
[0009] In some aspects, the disclosure provides isolated antibodies
that bind to human 4-1BB.
[0010] In one particular aspect, the isolated antibody binds human
4-1BB at an epitope comprising amino acid residues 115-156 of SEQ
ID NO: 68. In some particular embodiments, the antibody comprises
the H-CDR1 amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29, H-CDR2 amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30, and H-CDR3 amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO: 31. In other particular embodiments, the antibody comprises the
L-CDR1 amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, L-CDR2 amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, and L-CDR3 amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO: 36.
[0011] In another particular aspect, the isolated antibody binds
human 4-1BB with a K.sub.D of 600 nM or less, 100 nM or less, 50 nM
or less, 10 nM or less, 5 nM or less, or 1 nM or less, for the
human 4-1BB extracellular domain as measured with the BIACore assay
described in this disclosure.
[0012] In another particular aspect, the isolated antibody
comprises: (a) an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:15,
or SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID
NO:16, or SEQ ID NO:30; and (c) an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:3, SEQ ID NO: 17, or SEQ ID NO:31.
[0013] In another particular aspect, the isolated antibody
comprises: (a) an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:
20, or SEQ ID NO:34; (b) an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ
ID NO:21, or SEQ ID NO:35; and (c) an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:8, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:36, or SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0014] In a further aspect, the isolated antibody comprises: (a) an
H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:15, or SEQ ID NO:29;
(b) an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:16, or SEQ ID
NO:30; and (c) an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:
17, or SEQ ID NO:31; and further comprises: (d) an L-CDR1 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO: 20, or SEQ ID NO:34; (e) an L-CDR2
as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:21, or SEQ ID NO:35; and (f)
an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:36,
or SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0015] In some further particular aspects, the isolated antibody,
is selected from the group consisting of:
[0016] (a) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising: an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, an H-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:2, and an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:3;
[0017] (b) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:15, an H-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:16, and an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:17,
and
[0018] (c) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:29, an H-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:30, and an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:31.
[0019] In some further aspects, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, that specifically
binds human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody or antigen-binding portion
is selected from the group consisting of:
[0020] (a) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, an L-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:7, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:8.
[0021] (b) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, an L-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:21, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:22.
[0022] (c) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:34, an L-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:35, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:36;
and
[0023] (d) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:34, an L-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:35, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:55.
[0024] In some further particular aspects, the isolated antibody is
selected from the group consisting of:
[0025] (a) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising: an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, an H-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:2, an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3; an
L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ
ID NO:7, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:8;
[0026] (b) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:15, an H-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:16, an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:17; an
L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ
ID NO:21, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:22.
[0027] (c) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:29, an H-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:30, an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:31; an
L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:34, an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ
ID NO:35, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:36; and
[0028] (d) an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:29, an H-CDR2 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:30, an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:31; an
L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:34, an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ
ID NO:35, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:55.
[0029] In a further particular aspect, the isolated antibody
comprises a V.sub.H chain amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ
ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:32, and SEQ ID NO:43.
[0030] In a further particular aspect, the isolated antibody
comprises a V.sub.L chain amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ
ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:51,
SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:60, or SEQ ID NO:64.
[0031] In a further particular aspect, the isolated antibody
comprises a V.sub.H domain amino acid sequence as set forth in any
one of SEQ ID NOs:4, 18, 32, and :43, and further comprises a
V.sub.L domain amino acid sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ
ID NOs:9, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO:
51, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 60, and SEQ ID NO: 64.
[0032] In a further particular aspect, the isolated antibody is
selected from the group consisting of:
[0033] (a) an antibody comprising a V.sub.H chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4 and a V.sub.L chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:9;
[0034] (b) an antibody comprising a V.sub.H chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:18 and a V.sub.L chain amino
acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:23;
[0035] (c) an antibody comprising a V.sub.H chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:32 and a V.sub.L chain amino
acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:37 or SEQ ID NO 56; and
[0036] (d) an antibody comprising a V.sub.H chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:43 and a V.sub.L chain amino
acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID
NO: 60, or SEQ ID NO: 64.
[0037] In a still further particular aspect, the isolated antibody
provided by the present disclosure comprises a V.sub.H chain that
is encoded by (i) a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:11,
SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:47, or (ii) a nucleic acid
sequences that hybridizes under high stringency conditions to the
complementary strand of SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:39,
or SEQ ID NO:47.
[0038] In a still further particular aspect, the isolated antibody
comprises a V.sub.L chain that is encoded by (i) a nucleic acid
sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ
ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:62, or SEQ ID
NO:66, or (ii) a nucleic acid sequences that hybridizes under high
stringency conditions to the complementary strand of SEQ ID NO:12,
SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID
NO:58, SEQ ID NO:62, or SEQ ID NO:66.
[0039] In a further particular aspect, there is provided an
isolated antibody that competes, and/or cross-competes for binding
to human 4-1BB with an illustrative antibody selected from
MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2, MOR 7483,
MOR-7483.1, or MOR-7483.2.
[0040] In a further particular aspect, there is provided an
isolated antibody that binds to the same epitope on human 4-1BB as
any of the antibodies disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the
disclosure provides an isolated antibody that binds to the same
epitope on human 4-1BB as an illustrative antibody selected from
MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2, MOR 7483,
MOR-7483.1, or MOR-7483.2.
[0041] In a further particular aspect, the present disclosure
provides an isolated antibody that binds human 4-1BB, comprising a
heavy chain variable region that is the product of, or derived
from, a human V.sub.H 3-23 gene, V.sub.H 1-69 gene, or V.sub.H 5.
In another particular aspect the present disclosure provides an
isolated antibody that binds human 4-1BB, comprising a light chain
variable region that is the product of, or derived from, a human
V.sub.L .lamda.3 or .lamda.1-13 gene.
[0042] In some embodiments, the isolated antibodies described
herein have one or more of the following properties or
characteristics:
[0043] a) specifically bind to human 4-1BB;
[0044] b) bind to human and cynomolgus 4-1BB;
[0045] c) bind to human 4-1BB or cynomolgus 4-1BB but not rat, or
mouse 4-1BB;
[0046] d) are an IgG, such as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4; and
[0047] e) are human antibodies, or humanized antibodies.
[0048] In some other aspects, the present disclosure provides an
antigen-binding portion of any of the antibody provided by the
present disclosure. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding
portion is Fab or scFv fragment.
[0049] In some further aspects, the present disclosure provides a
derivative of any of the antibodies provided by the present
disclosure.
[0050] In some other aspects, the disclosure provides an isolated
nucleic acid that encodes a V.sub.H chain of an antibody or
antigen-binding portion thereof that bind human 4-1BB, which is
selected from the group consisting of:
[0051] (i) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a V.sub.H chain
amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ
ID NO:32, or SEQ ID NO:43;
[0052] (ii) a nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:11,
SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:39, or SEQ ID NO:47; or
[0053] (iii) a nucleic acid sequence that hybridizes under high
stringency conditions to the complementary strand of a nucleic acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:39,
or SEQ ID NO:47.
[0054] In some other aspects, the disclosure provides an isolated
nucleic acid that encodes a V.sub.L chain of an antibody or
antigen-binding portion thereof that binds human 4-1BB, which is
selected from the group consisting of:
[0055] (i) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a V.sub.L chain
amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ
ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:60,
or SEQ ID NO:64;
[0056] (ii) a nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:12,
SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID
NO:58, SEQ ID NO: 62, or SEQ ID NO:66; or
[0057] (ii) a nucleic acid sequences that hybridizes under high
stringency conditions to the complementary strand of a nucleic acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:40,
SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO: 62, or SEQ ID
NO:66.
[0058] In some further aspects, the disclosure provides a vector
comprising any of the nucleic acids described herein. In a still
further aspect, the disclosure provides a host cell comprising any
of the vectors described herein. Such host cells can be bacterial
or mammalian.
[0059] In some further aspects, the disclosure provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the antibodies, an
antigen-binding portions thereof, or a derivative thereof, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0060] The disclosure further provides methods for treating
abnormal cell growth in a subject in need thereof, comprising
administering to the subject an effective amount of a binding
molecule of the disclosure or pharmaceutical composition described
herein. The disclosure further provides methods of reducing tumor
cell metastasis in a subject, comprising administering to said
subject an effective amount of a binding molecule, or
pharmaceutical compositions described herein.
[0061] In a further aspect, the disclosure provides a use of any of
the binding molecules, or a pharmaceutical composition described
herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of
abnormal cell growth in a subject in need thereof. In a further
aspect, the disclosure provides a binding molecule, or a
pharmaceutical composition, as described herein, for use in the
treatment of abnormal cell growth in a subject in need thereof. In
a yet further aspect, the disclosure provides a binding molecule,
or a pharmaceutical composition, as described herein, for use in
the treatment of tumor cell metastasis in a subject in need
thereof. In a still further aspect, the disclosure provides a use
of any of the binding molecules, or a pharmaceutical composition
described herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for the
treatment of tumor cell metastasis in a subject in need
thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0062] FIG. 1 is four column graphs showing the mean fluorescence
intensity of unstimulated (black) and PHA stimulated (light grey)
primary PBMC from human (upper left), cynomolgus (upper right), dog
(lower left), and rat (lower right) incubated with the indicated
4-1BB antibody or control antibody conjugated to Alexafluor 647.
The panel demonstrates binding to human and cynomolgus PBMC
stimulated with PHA.
[0063] FIG. 2 is two line graphs showing luciferase reporter
activity in 4-1BB expressing 293T cells that have been stimulated
with several concentrations of 4-1BB specific mAb or isotype
control mAb. The left panel demonstrates reporter activity in cells
that express cynomolgus 4-1BB. The right panel demonstrates
activity in cells that express human 4-1BB. The data is expressed
as fold stimulation above isotype control.
[0064] FIG. 3 (3A and 3B) are line graphs showing the concentration
of human IL-2 present in cell culture media following 72 hours of
stimulation of human T cells with anti-CD3 and several
concentrations of 4-1BB antibodies. Each panel (A and B) represents
an individual donor.
[0065] FIG. 4 is a scattergram showing the expansion of human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells in mice that have been treated
with 4-1BB mAb or isotype control mAb. Data is expressed as the
percentage of cells expressing human CD45 in the peripheral blood
of individual NSG mice on study days 24-28 that had been injected
with six million human peripheral blood mononuclear cells on day 0
and injected with 1 mg/kg 4-1BB mAb or isotype control mAb on day
9. Statistical significance was determined using a two tailed
Mann-Whitney test * p<0.05, ** p<0.005. No HBPT refers to
animals that were not injected with human cells.
[0066] FIG. 5 is two column graphs showing the change in
proliferating CD8 central memory T cells at several time points
following administration of 4-1BB mAb in cynomolgus monkeys. Data
is shown as columns representing individual animals designated as
(dose level-animal number) and is represented as intra-animal
change in the number of Ki-67+ cells relative to pre study number
{[(#Ki-67+ cells on indicated study day--#Ki-67+ cells at pre
dose)/#Ki-67+ cells at pre dose]*100}. CD8 central memory cells
were identified as CD3+, CD8+, CD28+ and CD95+.
[0067] FIG. 6 are line graphs showing the growth of tumors injected
subcutaneously with tumor cells (PC3, left panel; LOVO, right
panel) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells on study day 0.
Mice were injected with 10 mg/kg of the indicated 4-1BB mAbs on day
0.
[0068] FIG. 7 Left panel is a scattergram showing the percentage of
PBMC that are positive for both the T cell surface marker CD8+ and
have incorporated the BrdU nucleoside analog following treatment of
4-1BB knock in mice with 4-1BB mAb or vehicle control. The right
panel is a line graph showing the growth of murine melanoma tumors
injected subcutaneously into 4-1BB knock in mice and treated with
the indicated concentration of 4-1BB mAb.
[0069] FIG. 8 shows alignments of Amino Acid Sequences of the heavy
Chain Variable Regions and Light Chain Variable Regions (with CDRs
underlined) with Relevant Germline Sequences.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A. Definitions
[0070] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical
terms used in connection with the present disclosure shall have the
meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in
the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular
terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the
singular. Generally, nomenclatures used in connection with, and
techniques of, cell and tissue culture, molecular biology,
immunology, microbiology, genetics and protein and nucleic acid
chemistry and hybridization described herein are those well known
and commonly used in the art.
[0071] As used herein, each of the following terms has the meaning
associated with it in this section.
[0072] The term "4-1BB antibody" refers to an antibody, as defined
herein, capable of binding to human 4-1BB receptor.
[0073] The terms "4-1BB" and "4-1BB receptor" are used
interchangeably in the present application, and include the human
4-1BB receptor, as well as variants, isoforms, and species homologs
thereof. Accordingly, a binding molecule, as defined and disclosed
herein, may also bind 4-1BB from species other than human. In other
cases, a binding molecule may be completely specific for the human
4-1BB and may not exhibit species or other types of
cross-reactivity.
[0074] The articles "a" and "an" refer to one or to more than one
(i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.
By way of example, "an element" means one element or more than one
element.
[0075] The term "agonist" refers to a binding molecule, as defined
herein, which upon binding to 4-1BB, (1) stimulates or activates
4-1BB, (2) enhances, increases, promotes, induces, or prolongs an
activity, function, or presence of 4-1BB, or (3) enhances,
increases, promotes, or induces the expression of 4-1BB.
[0076] The term "amino acid" refers to naturally occurring and
synthetic amino acids, as well as amino acid analogs and amino acid
mimetics that function similarly to the naturally occurring amino
acids. Naturally occurring amino acids are those encoded by the
genetic code, as well as those amino acids that are later modified,
e.g., hydroxyproline, gamma-carboxyglutamate, and O-phosphoserine.
The term "amino acid analogs" refers to compounds that have the
same basic chemical structure as a naturally occurring amino acid
but the C-terminal carboxy group, the N-terminal amino group, or
side chain functional group has been chemically modified to another
functional group. The term "amino acid mimetics" refers to chemical
compounds that have a structure that is different from the general
chemical structure of an amino acid, but that functions similarly
to a naturally occurring amino acid.
[0077] The term "antibody" is an art-recognized term and refers to
an antigen-binding protein (i.e, immunoglobulin) having a basic
four-polypeptide chain structure consisting of two identical heavy
(H) chains and two identical light (L) chains. Each L chain is
linked to an H chain by one covalent disulfide bond, while the two
H chains are linked to each other by one or more disulfide bonds
depending on the H chain isotype. Each heavy chain has, at the
N-terminus, a variable region (abbreviated herein as V.sub.H)
followed by a constant region. The heavy chain constant region is
comprised of three domains, C.sub.H1, C.sub.H2 and C.sub.H3. Each
light chain has, at the N-terminus, a variable region (abbreviated
herein as V.sub.I) followed by a constant region at its other end.
The light chain constant region is comprised of one domain,
C.sub.L. The V.sub.L is aligned with the V.sub.H and the C.sub.L is
aligned with the first constant domain of the heavy chain
(CH.sub.1). The pairing of a V.sub.H and V.sub.L together forms a
single antigen-binding site. An IgM antibody consists of 5 of the
basic heterotetramer units along with an additional polypeptide
called J chain, and therefore contains 10 antigen binding sites,
while secreted IgA antibodies can polymerize to form polyvalent
assemblages comprising 2-5 of the basic 4-chain units along with J
chain.
[0078] The V.sub.H and V.sub.L regions can be further subdivided
into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity
determining regions (CDR), interspersed with regions that are more
conserved, termed framework regions (FR). The CDR regions can be
determined using the Kabat or Chothia numbering systems, both of
which are well known to those of skill in the art. See, e.g. Kabat,
E. A., et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological
Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242; Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol.
Biol. 196:901-917 (1987). Each V.sub.H and V.sub.L is composed of
three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to
carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3,
CDR3, FR4. Throughout the present disclosure, the three CDRs of the
heavy chain are referred to as H-CDR1, H-CDR2, and H-CDR3.
Similarly, the three CDRs of the light chain are referred to as
L-CDR1, L-CDR2, and L-CDR3. The variable regions of the heavy and
light chains contain a binding domain that interacts with an
antigen. The constant regions of the antibodies may mediate the
binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including
various cells of the immune system (e.g., effector cells) and the
first component (Clq) of the classical complement system. Within
light and heavy chains, the variable and constant regions are
joined by a "J" region of about 12 or more amino acids, with the
heavy chain also including a "D" region of about 10 or more amino
acids. See generally, Fundamental Immunology Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed.,
2.sup.nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. (1989)).
[0079] The L chain from any vertebrate species can be assigned to
one of two clearly distinct types, called kappa and lambda, based
on the amino acid sequences of their constant domains. Depending on
the amino acid sequence of the constant domain of their heavy
chains (CH), antibodies can be assigned to different classes or
isotypes. There are five classes of antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG,
and IgM, having heavy chains designated .alpha. (alpha), .delta.
(delta), .epsilon. (epsilon), .gamma. (gamma), and .mu. (mu),
respectively. The IgG class of antibody can be further classified
into four subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 by the gamma heavy
chains, Y1-Y4, respectively.
[0080] The term "antibody derivative" or "derivative" of an
antibody refers to a molecule that is capable of binding to the
same antigen (e.g., 4-1BB) that the antibody binds to and comprises
an amino acid sequence of the antibody linked to an additional
molecular entity. The amino acid sequence of the antibody that is
contained in the antibody derivative may be a full-length heavy
chain, a full-length light chain, any portion or portions of a
full-length heavy chain, any portion or portions of the full-length
light chain of the antibody, any other fragment(s) of an antibody,
or the complete antibody. The additional molecular entity may be a
chemical or biological molecule. Examples of additional molecular
entities include chemical groups, amino acids, peptides, proteins
(such as enzymes, antibodies), and chemical compounds. The
additional molecular entity may have any utility, such as for use
as a detection agent, label, marker, pharmaceutical or therapeutic
agent. The amino acid sequence of an antibody may be attached or
linked to the additional molecular entity by chemical coupling,
genetic fusion, noncovalent association, or otherwise. The term
"antibody derivative" also encompasses chimeric antibodies,
humanized antibodies, and molecules that are derived from
modifications of the amino acid sequences of a 4-1BB antibody, such
as conservation amino acid substitutions, additions, and
insertions.
[0081] The term "antigen-binding fragment" or "antigen binding
portion" of an antibody refers to one or more portions of an
antibody that retain the ability to bind to the antigen that the
antibody bonds to (e.g., 4-1BB). Examples of "antigen-binding
fragment" of an antibody include (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent
fragment consisting of the V.sub.L, V.sub.H, C.sub.L and C.sub.H1
domains; (ii) a F(ab').sub.2 fragment, a bivalent fragment
comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the
hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the V.sub.H and
C.sub.H1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the V.sub.L and
V.sub.H domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment
(Ward et al., Nature 341:544-546 (1989)), which consists of a
V.sub.H domain; and (vi) an isolated complementarity determining
region (CDR).
[0082] The term "binding molecule" encompasses (1) antibody, (2)
antigen-binding fragment of an antibody, and (3) derivative of an
antibody, each as defined herein.
[0083] The term "binding 4-1BB," "binds 4-1BB," "binding to 4-1BB,"
or "binds to 4-1BB" refers to the binding of a binding molecule, as
defined herein, to the human 4-1BB in an in vitro assay, such as a
BIAcore assay as described in Example 6, with an affinity (K.sub.D)
of 500 nM or less.
[0084] The term "chimeric antibody" refers to an antibody that
comprises amino acid sequences derived from different animal
species, such as those having a variable region derived from a
human antibody and a murine immunoglobulin constant region.
[0085] The term "compete for binding" refers to the interaction of
two antibodies in their binding to a binding target. A first
antibody competes for binding with a second antibody if binding of
the first antibody with its cognate epitope is detectably decreased
in the presence of the second antibody compared to the binding of
the first antibody in the absence of the second antibody. The
alternative, where the binding of the second antibody to its
epitope is also detectably decreased in the presence of the first
antibody, can, but need not, be the case. That is, a first antibody
can inhibit the binding of a second antibody to its epitope without
that second antibody inhibiting the binding of the first antibody
to its respective epitope. However, where each antibody detectably
inhibits the binding of the other antibody with its cognate
epitope, whether to the same, greater, or lesser extent, the
antibodies are said to "cross-compete" with each other for binding
of their respective epitope(s).
[0086] The term "epitope" refers to a part of an antigen to which
an antibody (or antigen-binding fragment thereof) binds. Epitopes
can be formed both from contiguous amino acids or noncontiguous
amino acids juxtaposed by tertiary folding of a protein. Epitopes
formed from contiguous amino acids are typically retained on
exposure to denaturing solvents whereas epitopes formed by tertiary
folding are typically lost on treatment with denaturing solvents.
An epitope can include various numbers of amino acids in a unique
spatial conformation. Methods of determining spatial conformation
of epitopes include, for example, x-ray crystallography and
2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. See, e.g., Epitope
Mapping Protocols in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 66, G. E.
Morris, Ed. (1996). Once a desired epitope on an antigen is
determined, antibodies to that epitope can be generated, e.g.,
using the techniques described herein. The generation and
characterization of antibodies may also elucidate information about
desirable epitopes. From this information, it is then possible to
competitively screen antibodies for binding to the same epitope. An
approach to achieve this is to conduct cross-competition studies to
find antibodies that competitively bind with one another, i.e., the
antibodies compete for binding to the antigen. A high throughput
process for "binning" antibodies based upon their cross-competition
is described in PCT Publication No. WO 03/48731.
[0087] The term "germline" refers to the nucleotide sequences of
the antibody genes and gene segments as they are passed from
parents to offspring via the germ cells. The germline sequence is
distinguished from the nucleotide sequences encoding antibodies in
mature B cells which have been altered by recombination and
hypermutation events during the course of B cell maturation.
[0088] The term "glycosylation sites" refers to amino acid residues
which are recognized by a eukaryotic cell as locations for the
attachment of sugar residues. The amino acids where carbohydrate,
such as oligosaccharide, is attached are typically asparagine
(N-linkage), serine (O-linkage), and threonine (O-linkage)
residues. The specific site of attachment is typically signaled by
a sequence of amino acids, referred to herein as a "glycosylation
site sequence". The glycosylation site sequence for N-linked
glycosylation is: -Asn-X-Ser- or -Asn-X-Thr-, where X may be any of
the conventional amino acids, other than proline. The terms
"N-linked" and "O-linked" refer to the chemical group that serves
as the attachment site between the sugar molecule and the amino
acid residue. N-linked sugars are attached through an amino group;
O-linked sugars are attached through a hydroxyl group. The term
"glycan occupancy" refers to the existence of a carbohydrate moiety
linked to a glycosylation site (i.e., the glycan site is occupied).
Where there are at least two potential glycosylation sites on a
polypeptide, either none (0-glycan site occupancy), one (1-glycan
site occupancy) or both (2-glycan site occupancy) sites can be
occupied by a carbohydrate moiety.
[0089] The term "host cell" refers to a cellular system which can
be engineered to generate proteins, protein fragments, or peptides
of interest. Host cells include, without limitation, cultured
cells, e.g., mammalian cultured cells derived from rodents (rats,
mice, guinea pigs, or hamsters) such as CHO, BHK, NSO, SP2/0,
YB2/0; or human tissues or hybridoma cells, yeast cells, and insect
cells, and cells comprised within a transgenic animal or cultured
tissue. The term encompasses not only the particular subject cell
but also the progeny of such a cell. Because certain modifications
may occur in succeeding generations due to either mutation or
environmental influences, such progeny may not be identical to the
parent cell, but are still included within the scope of the term
"host cell."
[0090] The term "human antibody" refers to an antibody in which the
entire amino acid sequences of the light chains and heavy chains
are from the human immunoglobulin genes. A human antibody may
contain murine carbohydrate chains if produced in a mouse, in a
mouse cell or in a hybridoma derived from a mouse cell. Human
antibodies may be prepared in a variety of ways known in the
art.
[0091] The term "humanized antibody" refers to a chimeric antibody
that contains amino acid residues derived from human antibody
sequences. A humanized antibody may contain some or all of the CDRs
from a non-human animal antibody while the framework and constant
regions of the antibody contain amino acid residues derived from
human antibody sequences.
[0092] The term "illustrative antibody" refers to any one of the
antibodies described in the disclosure and designated as MOR-6032,
MOR-7361, MOR-7480, MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2, MOR-7483, MOR-7483.1,
and MOR-7483.2. These antibodies may be in any class (e.g., IgA,
IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM). Thus, each antibody identified above
encompasses antibodies in all five classes that have the same amino
acid sequences for the V.sub.L and V.sub.H regions. Further, the
antibodies in the IgG class may be in any subclass (e.g., IgG1
IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4). Thus, each antibody identified above in the
IgG subclass encompasses antibodies in all four subclasses that
have the same amino acid sequences for the V.sub.L and V.sub.H
regions. The amino acid sequences of the heavy chain constant
regions of human antibodies in the five classes, as well as in the
four IgG subclasses, are known in the art. As examples, the amino
acid sequences of the human IgG1 and IgG2 constant regions are
provided in SEQ ID NOs: 69 and 71, respectively. The amino acid
sequence of the full length heavy chain for the IgG2 subclass of
each of the illustrative antibodies is provided in the
disclosure.
[0093] The term "isolated antibody" or "isolated binding molecule"
refers to an antibody or a binding molecule, as defined herein,
that: (1) is not associated with naturally associated components
that accompany it in its native state; (2) is free of other
proteins from the same species; (3) is expressed by a cell from a
different species; or (4) does not occur in nature. Examples of
isolated antibodies include a 4-1BB antibody that has been affinity
purified using 4-1BB, a 4-1BB antibody that has been generated by
hybridomas or other cell line in vitro, and a 4-1BB antibody
derived from a transgenic animal.
[0094] The term "isolated nucleic acid" refers to a nucleic acid
molecule of genomic, cDNA, or synthetic origin, or a combination
thereof, which is separated from other nucleic acid molecules
present in the natural source of the nucleic acid. For example,
with regard to genomic DNA, the term "isolated" includes nucleic
acid molecules which are separated from the chromosome with which
the genomic DNA is naturally associated. Preferably, an "isolated"
nucleic acid is free of sequences which naturally flank the nucleic
acid (i.e., sequences located at the 5' and 3' ends of the nucleic
acid of interest.
[0095] The term "k.sub.a" refers to the association rate constant
of a particular antibody-antigen interaction, whereas the term
"k.sub.d" refers to the dissociation rate constant of a particular
antibody-antigen interaction.
[0096] The term "K.sub.D" refers to the equilibrium dissociation
constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction. It is
obtained from the ratio of k.sub.d to k.sub.a (i.e.,
k.sub.d/k.sub.a) and is expressed as a molar concentration (M).
K.sub.D is used as a measure for the affinity of an antibody's
binding to its binding partner. The smaller the K.sub.D, the more
tightly bound the antibody is, or the higher the affinity between
antibody and the antigen. For example, an antibody with a nanomolar
(nM) dissociation constant binds more tightly to a particular
antigen than an antibody with a micromolar (.mu.M) dissociation
constant. K.sub.D values for antibodies can be determined using
methods well established in the art. One method for determining the
K.sub.D of an antibody is by using surface plasmon resonance,
typically using a biosensor system such as a Biacore.RTM. system.
An assay procedure using the BIACORE.TM. system (BIAcore assay) is
described in the Examples section of this disclosure.
[0097] The term "mammal" refers to any animal species of the
Mammalia class. Examples of mammals include: humans; laboratory
animals such as rats, mice, simians and guinea pigs; domestic
animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, cattle, sheep, goats, horses,
and pigs; and captive wild animals such as lions, tigers,
elephants, and the like.
[0098] The term "monoclonal antibody" refers to an antibody
obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies,
i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are
identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that
may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly
specific, being directed against a single antigenic site.
Furthermore, in contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations which
include different antibodies directed against different
determinants (epitopes), each monoclonal antibody is directed
against a single determinant on the antigen. In addition to their
specificity, the monoclonal antibodies are advantageous in that
they may be synthesized uncontaminated by other antibodies. The
modifier "monoclonal" is not to be construed as requiring
production of the antibody by any particular method. For example,
the monoclonal antibodies may be prepared by the hybridoma
methodology or may be made using recombinant DNA methods in
bacterial, eukaryotic animal or plant cells (see, e.g., U.S. Pat.
No. 4,816,567). Monoclonal antibodies may also be isolated from
phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson
et al., Nature, 352:624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol.,
222:581-597 (1991), for example.
[0099] The term "prevent" or "preventing," with reference to a
certain disease condition in a mammal, refers to preventing or
delaying the onset of the disease, or preventing the manifestation
of clinical or subclinical symptoms thereof.
[0100] The term "recombinant antibody" refers to an antibody that
is prepared, expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means,
such as antibodies isolated from an animal that is transgenic for
another species' immunoglobulin genes, antibodies expressed using a
recombinant expression vector transfected into a host cell,
antibodies isolated from a recombinant, combinatorial antibody
library, or antibodies prepared, expressed, created or isolated by
any other means that involves splicing of immunoglobulin gene
sequences to other DNA sequences.
[0101] As used herein, "sequence identity" between two polypeptide
sequences indicates the percentage of amino acids that are
identical between the sequences. The amino acid sequence identity
of polypeptides can be determined conventionally using known
computer programs such as Bestfit, FASTA, or BLAST (see, e.g.
Pearson, Methods Enzymol. 183:63-98 (1990); Pearson, Methods Mol.
Biol. 132:185-219 (2000); Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol.
215:403-410 (1990); Altschul et al., Nucelic Acids Res.
25:3389-3402 (1997)). When using Bestfit or any other sequence
alignment program to determine whether a particular sequence is,
for instance, 95% identical to a reference amino acid sequence, the
parameters are set such that the percentage of identity is
calculated over the full length of the reference amino acid
sequence and that gaps in homology of up to 5% of the total number
of amino acid residues in the reference sequence are allowed. This
aforementioned method in determining the percentage of identity
between polypeptides is applicable to all proteins, fragments, or
variants thereof disclosed herein.
[0102] The term "specifically binds" or "specifically binds to," in
reference to the interaction of a binding molecule, as defined
herein, (e.g., an antibody) with its binding partner (e.g., an
antigen), refers to the ability of the binding molecule to
discriminate between an antigen of interest from an animal species
and the antigen orthologue from a different animal species under a
given set of conditions. A 4-1BB binding molecule is said to
specifically bind to human 4-1BB if it binds to human 4-1BB at an
EC50 that is below 50 percent of the EC50 at which it binds 4-1BB
of rat or mouse as determined in an in vitro assay. Binding
specificity of an antibody can be determined using methods known in
the art. Examples of such methods include FACS using PHA stimulated
primary cells, Western blots, ELISA-, RIA-, ECL-, IRMA-tests and
peptide scans.
[0103] The term "selectively binds" or "selectively binds to," in
reference to the interaction of a binding molecule, as defined
herein, (e.g., an antibody) with its binding partner (e.g., an
antigen), refers to the ability of the binding molecule to
discriminate between an antigen of interest from an animal species
(such as human 4-1BB) and a different antigen from the same animal
species (such as human CD40) under a given set of conditions. A
4-1BB binding molecule is said to selectively bind to human 4-1BB
if it binds to human 4-1BB at an EC50 that is below 10 percent of
the EC50 at which it binds to human CD40 or human CD134 as
determined in an in vitro assay.
[0104] The term "treat", "treating", or "treatment", with reference
to a certain disease condition in a mammal, refers causing a
desirable or beneficial effect in the mammal having the disease
condition. The desirable or beneficial effect may include reduced
frequency or severity of one or more symptoms of the disease (i.e.,
tumor growth and/or metastasis, or other effect mediated by the
numbers and/or activity of immune cells, and the like), or arrest
or inhibition of further development of the disease, condition, or
disorder. In the context of treating cancer in a mammal, the
desirable or beneficial effect may include inhibition of further
growth or spread of cancer cells, death of cancer cells, inhibition
of reoccurrence of cancer, reduction of pain associated with the
cancer, or improved survival of the mammal. The effect can be
either subjective or objective. For example, if the mammal is
human, the human may note improved vigor or vitality or decreased
pain as subjective symptoms of improvement or response to therapy.
Alternatively, the clinician may notice a decrease in tumor size or
tumor burden based on physical exam, laboratory parameters, tumor
markers or radiographic findings. Some laboratory signs that the
clinician may observe for response to treatment include
normalization of tests, such as white blood cell count, red blood
cell count, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and
various enzyme levels. Additionally, the clinician may observe a
decrease in a detectable tumor marker. Alternatively, other tests
can be used to evaluate objective improvement, such as sonograms,
nuclear magnetic resonance testing and positron emissions
testing.
[0105] The term "vector" refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable
of transporting a foreign nucleic acid molecule. The foreign
nucleic acid molecule is linked to the vector nucleic acid molecule
by a recombinant technique, such as ligation or recombination. This
allows the foreign nucleic acid molecule to be multiplied,
selected, further manipulated or expressed in a host cell or
organism. A vector can be a plasmid, phage, transposon, cosmid,
chromosome, virus, or virion. One type of vectors can be integrated
into the genome of a host cell upon introduction into the host
cell, and thereby are replicated along with the host genome (e.g.,
non-episomal mammalian vectors). Another type of vectors are
capable of autonomous replication in a host cell into which it is
introduced (e.g., bacterial vectors having a bacterial origin of
replication and episomal mammalian vectors). Another specific type
of vectors capable of directing the expression of expressible
foreign nucleic acids to which they are operatively linked are
commonly referred to "expression vectors." Expression vectors
generally have control sequences that drive expression of the
expressible foreign nucleic acids. Simpler vectors, known as
"transcription vectors," are only capable of being transcribed but
not translated: they can be replicated in a target cell but not
expressed. The term "vector" encompasses all types of vectors
regardless of their function. Vectors capable of directing the
expression of expressible nucleic acids to which they are
operatively linked are commonly referred to "expression
vectors."
[0106] The methods and techniques of the present disclosure are
generally performed according to methods well known in the art and
as described in various general and more specific references that
are cited and discussed throughout the present specification unless
otherwise indicated. Such references include, e.g., Sambrook and
Russell, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Approach, Cold Spring
Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001), Ausubel et al.,
Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, NY
(2002), and Harlow and Lane Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1990).
Enzymatic reactions and purification techniques are performed
according to manufacturer's specifications, as commonly
accomplished in the art or as described herein. The nomenclatures
used in connection with, and the laboratory procedures and
techniques of, analytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry,
and medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry described herein are
those well known and commonly used in the art. Standard techniques
are used for chemical syntheses, chemical analyses, pharmaceutical
preparation, formulation, and delivery, and treatment of
patients.
[0107] As used herein, the twenty conventional amino acids and
their abbreviations follow conventional usage. See Immunology--A
Synthesis (2nd Edition, E. S. Golub and D. R. Gren, Eds., Sinauer
Associates, Sunderland, Mass. (1991)).
B. Binding Molecules that Bind to Human 4-1BB
[0108] The present disclosure provides isolated binding molecules
that bind to human 4-1BB, including 4-1BB antibodies,
antigen-binding fragments of the 4-1BB antibodies, and derivatives
of the 4-1BB antibodies.
[0109] B-1. 4-1BB Antibodies
[0110] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB at an epitope within amino acid
residues 115-156 of SEQ ID No: 68. In some embodiments, the
isolated antibody comprises the H-CDR1 amino acid sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 29, H-CDR2 amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30, and H-CDR3
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31. In some other embodiments,
the isolated antibody comprises the L-CDR1 amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO: 34, L-CDR2 amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, and
L-CDR3 amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36. In some other
embodiments, the antibodies described herein above have one or more
biological properties described herein below.
[0111] In other aspects, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody
comprises: (a) an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:15,
or SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID
NO:16, or SEQ ID NO:30; and (c) an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:3, SEQ ID NO: 17, or SEQ ID NO:31.
[0112] In another aspect, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody
comprises: (a) an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:
20, or SEQ ID NO:34; (b) an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ
ID NO:21, or SEQ ID NO:35; and (c) an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:8, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:36, or SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0113] In a further aspect, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody
comprises: (a) an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:15,
or SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID
NO:16, or SEQ ID NO:30; and (c) an H-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:3, SEQ ID NO: 17, or SEQ ID NO:31; and further comprises: (d) an
L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO: 20, or SEQ ID NO:34;
(e) an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:21, or SEQ ID
NO:35; and (f) an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:22,
SEQ ID NO:36, or SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0114] In some further aspects, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody is
selected from the group consisting of:
[0115] (a) an antibody comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:1, an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, and an H-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:3;
[0116] (b) an antibody comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:15, an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:16, and an H-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:17; and
[0117] (c) an antibody comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:29, an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:30, and an H-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:31.
[0118] In some further aspects, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody is
selected from the group consisting of:
[0119] (a) an antibody comprising an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:6, an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, and an L-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:8;
[0120] (b) an antibody comprising an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:20, an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:21, and an L-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:22;
[0121] (c) an antibody comprising an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:34, an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:35, and an L-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:36; and
[0122] (d) an antibody comprising an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:34, an L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:35, and an L-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:55.
[0123] In some further aspects, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to the human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody is
selected from the group consisting of:
[0124] (a) an antibody comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:1, an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, an H-CDR3 as set forth
in SEQ ID NO:3; an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, an L-CDR2 as
set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:8;
[0125] (b) an antibody comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:15, an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:16, an H-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:17; an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, an
L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:21, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in
SEQ ID NO:22;
[0126] (c) an antibody comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:29, an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:30, an H-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:31; an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:34, an
L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:35, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in
SEQ ID NO:36; and
[0127] (d) an antibody comprising an H-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:29, an H-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:30, an H-CDR3 as set
forth in SEQ ID NO:31; an L-CDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:34, an
L-CDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:35, and an L-CDR3 as set forth in
SEQ ID NO:55.
[0128] In a further aspect, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody comprises
a V.sub.H chain amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4,
SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:32, or SEQ ID NO:43.
[0129] In a further aspect, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody comprises
a V.sub.L chain amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:9,
SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID
NO:56, SEQ ID NO:60, or SEQ ID NO:64.
[0130] In a further aspect, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody comprises
(1) a V.sub.H chain amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:4, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:32, or SEQ ID NO:43, and (2) a
V.sub.L chain amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ
ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:56,
SEQ ID NO:60, or SEQ ID NO:64.
[0131] In a further aspect, the disclosure provides an isolated
antibody that binds to human 4-1BB, wherein said antibody is
selected from the group consisting of:
[0132] (a) an antibody comprising a V.sub.H chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4 and a V.sub.L chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:9;
[0133] (b) an antibody comprising a V.sub.H chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:18 and a V.sub.L chain amino
acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:23;
[0134] (c) an antibody comprising a V.sub.H chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:32 and a V.sub.L chain amino
acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:37 or SEQ ID NO 56; and
[0135] (d) an antibody comprising a V.sub.H chain amino acid
sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:43 and a V.sub.L chain amino
acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID
NO: 60, or SEQ ID NO: 64.
[0136] In some embodiments, the antibodies described herein above,
including antibodies described with reference to epitope binding
and antibodies described with reference to specific amino acid
sequences of CDRs or variable regions, have at least one of the
following functional properties: (a) bind to human 4-1BB with a
K.sub.D of 500 nM or less; (b) have agonist activity on human
4-1BB; (c) do not bind to human CD40 receptor at concentration up
to 1000 nM; (d) do not bind to human CD134 receptor at
concentrations up to 1000 nM; (e) do not bind to rat, or mouse
4-1BB at concentrations up to 100 nM; (h) are capable of inhibiting
tumor cell growth; and (i) have therapeutic effect on a cancer. In
some further embodiments, the antibodies specifically bind to human
4-1BB with a K.sub.D of 500 nM or less, 100 nM or less, 50 nM or
less, 10 nM or less, 5 nM or less, or 1 nM or less, for the human
4-1BB extracellular domain as measured with the BIACore assay
described in this disclosure. In still further embodiments, the
antibody is a human antibody or humanized antibody that
specifically binds to human 4-1BB with a K.sub.D of 500 nM or less,
100 nM or less, 50 nM or less, 10 nM or less, 5 nM or less, or 1 nM
or less, for the human 4-1BB extracellular domain as measured with
the BIACore assay described in this disclosure. In some further
embodiments, the antibody is a human antibody that specifically and
selectively binds to human 4-1BB.
[0137] In other embodiments, the antibodies described herein above
comprise a heavy chain variable region from a particular germline
heavy chain immunoglobulin gene and/or a light chain variable
region from a particular germline light chain immunoglobulin gene,
such as an antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region that
is the product of, or derived from, a human V.sub.H 1-69 gene,
V.sub.H 3-23 gene, or V.sub.H 5 gene. Exemplary antibodies include
MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2, MOR-7483.1, and MOR-7483.2, each of which
contains amino acids that derived from human germline V.sub.H5
gene.
[0138] In still other embodiments, the antibodies described herein
above comprise a light chain variable region that is derived from a
human V.sub.L .lamda.3 gene. In yet other embodiment the antibodies
described herein above comprise a heavy chain variable region that
is the product of, or derived from, a human V.sub.H 1-69 gene,
V.sub.H 3-23 gene, or V.sub.H 5 gene, and further comprise a light
chain variable region that is the product of, or derived from, a
human V.sub.L .lamda.3 gene, wherein the antibody or portion
thereof specifically binds to human 4-1BB. Exemplary antibodies
include MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2, MOR-7483.1, and MOR-7483.2, each of
which contains amino acids that derived from human germline
V.sub.H5 gene and V.sub.L .lamda.3 gene, respectively.
[0139] As used herein, a human antibody comprises heavy or light
chain variable regions that is "derived from" a particular germline
sequence if the variable regions of the antibody are obtained from
a system that uses human germline immunoglobulin genes. Such
systems include immunizing a transgenic mouse carrying human
immunoglobulin genes with the antigen of interest or screening a
human immunoglobulin gene library displayed on phage with the
antigen of interest. A human antibody that is "derived from" a
human germline immunoglobulin sequence can be identified as such by
comparing the amino acid sequence of the human antibody to the
amino acid sequences of human germline immunoglobulins and
selecting the human germline immunoglobulin sequence that is
closest in sequence (i.e., greatest % identity) to the sequence of
the human antibody. A human antibody that is "derived from" a
particular human germline immunoglobulin sequence may contain amino
acid differences as compared to the germline sequence, due to, for
example, naturally-occurring somatic mutations or intentional
introduction of site-directed mutation. However, a selected human
antibody typically is at least 90% identical in amino acid sequence
to an amino acid sequence encoded by a human germline
immunoglobulin gene and contains amino acid residues that identify
the human antibody as being human when compared to the germline
immunoglobulin amino acid sequences of other species (e.g., murine
germline sequences). In certain cases, a human antibody may be at
least 95%, or even at least 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical in
amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequence encoded by the
germline immunoglobulin gene. In certain cases, the human antibody
is identical in amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequence
encoded by the germline Ig gene. Typically, a human antibody
derived from a particular human germline sequence will display no
more than 10 amino acid differences from the amino acid sequence
encoded by the human germline immunoglobulin gene. In certain
cases, the human antibody may display no more than 5, or even no
more than 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid differences from the amino acid
sequence encoded by the germline immunoglobulin gene. Alignments of
the amino acid sequences of variable regions of the illustrative
antibodies and the relevant germlines are provided in FIG. 6.
[0140] In another aspect, the disclosure provides isolated
antibodies that compete or cross-compete for binding to human 4-1BB
with any of the illustrative antibodies of the disclosure, such as
MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2, MOR-7483,
MOR-7483.1, or MOR-7483.2. In a particular embodiment, the
disclosure provides isolated antibodies that compete or
cross-compete for binding to the same epitope on the human 4-1BB
with any of the illustrative antibodies of the disclosure. The
ability of an antibody to compete cross-compete for binding with
another antibody can be determined using standard binding assays
known in the art, such as BIAcore analysis, ELISA assays, or flow
cytometry. For example, one can allow an illustrative antibody of
the disclosure to bind to human 4-1BB under saturating conditions
and then measure the ability of the test antibody to bind to the
4-1BB. If the test antibody is able to bind to the 4-1BB at the
same time as the illustrative antibody, then the test antibody
binds to a different epitope as the illustrative antibody. However,
if the test antibody is not able to bind to the 4-1BB at the same
time, then the test antibody binds to the same epitope, an
overlapping epitope, or an epitope that is in close proximity to
the epitope bound by the illustrative antibody. This experiment can
be performed using various methods, such as ELISA, RIA, FACS or
surface plasmon resonance.
[0141] The 4-1BB antibodies described herein can be in any class,
such as IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, or IgD. It is preferred that the 4-1BB
antibodies are in the IgG class, such as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4
subclass, more preferably IgG2 subclass. A 4-1BB antibody can be
converted from one class or subclass to another class or subclass
using methods known in the art. An exemplary method for producing
an antibody in a desired class or subclass comprises the steps of
isolating a nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain of an 4-1BB
antibody and a nucleic acid encoding a light chain of a 4-1BB
antibody, isolating the sequence encoding the V.sub.H region,
ligating the V.sub.H sequence to a sequence encoding a heavy chain
constant region of the desired class or subclass, expressing the
light chain gene and the heavy chain construct in a cell, and
collecting the 4-1BB antibody.
[0142] Further, the antibodies provided by the present disclosure
can be monoclonal or polyclonal, but preferably monoclonal.
[0143] Examples of specific isolated antibodies provided by the
present disclosure include the following illustrative antibodies:
MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2,
MOR-7483, MOR-7483, MOR-7483.1, and MOR-7483.2. The nucleotide and
amino acid sequences of the heavy chain variable region, full
length heavy chain for the IgG2 subclass, light chain variable
region, and full length light chain of these antibodies are
provided in this disclosure; an index of the SEQ ID NOs for these
sequences is provided in Table 1. The amino acid sequences of the
CDRs of these illustrative antibodies are shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Index of SEQ ID NOs Full length Amino
Variable Region Acid Nucleotide Amino Acid Nucleotide SEQ ID SEQ ID
SEQ ID SEQ ID Antibody Chain NO NO NO NO MOR-6032 Heavy 5 13 4 11
Light 10 14 9 12 MOR-7361 Heavy 19 27 18 25 Light 24 28 23 26
MOR-7480 Heavy 33 41 32 39 Light 38 42 37 40 MOR-7480.1 Heavy 44 49
43 47 Light 46 50 45 48 MOR-7480.2 Heavy 44 49 43 47 Light 52 54 51
53 MOR-7483 Heavy 33 41 32 39 Light 57 59 56 58 MOR-7483.1 Heavy 44
49 43 47 Light 61 63 60 62 MOR-7483.2 Heavy 44 49 43 47 Light 65 67
64 66
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Amino Acid Sequence of CDRs Antibody CDR
Sequence SEQ ID NO MOR-6032 H-CDR1 NSYAIS 1 H-CDR2
GIIPGFGTANYAQKFQG 2 H-CDR3 RKNEEDGGFDH 3 L-CDR1 SGDNLGDYYAS 6
L-CDR2 DDSNRPS 7 L-CDR3 QTWDGTLHFV 8 MOR-7361 H-CDR1 SDYYMH 15
H-CDR2 VISGSGSNTYYADSVKG 16 H-CDR3 RLYAQFEGDF 17 L-CDR1 SGDNIGSKYVS
20 L-CDR2 SDSERPS 21 L-CDR3 QSWDGSISRV 22 MOR-7480; H-CDR1 STYWIS
29 MOR-7480.1; H-CDR2 KIYPGDSYTNYSPSFQG 30 MOR-7480.2 H-CDR3
RGYGIFDY 31 L-CDR1 SGDNIGDQYAH 34 L-CDR2 QDKNRPS 35 L-CDR3
ATYTGFGSLAV 36 MOR-7483; H-CDR1 STYWIS 29 MOR-7483.1; H-CDR2
KIYPGDSYTNYSPSFQG 30 MOR-7483.2 H-CDR3 RGYGIFDY 31 L-CDR1
SGDNIGDQYAH 34 L-CDR2 QDKNRPS 35 L-CDR3 STYTFVGFTTV 55
[0144] Antibodies of the present disclosure can be produced by
techniques known in the art, including conventional monoclonal
antibody methodology e.g., the standard somatic cell hybridization
technique (See e.g., Kohler and Milstein, Nature 256:495 (1975),
viral or oncogenic transformation of B lymphocytes, or recombinant
antibody technologies as described in detail herein below.
[0145] Hybridoma production is a very well-established procedure.
The common animal system for preparing hybridomas is the murine
system. Immunization protocols and techniques for isolation of
immunized splenocytes for fusion are known in the art. Fusion
partners (e.g., murine myeloma cells) and fusion procedures are
also known. One well-known method that may be used for making human
4-1BB antibodies provided by the present disclosure involves the
use of a XenoMouse.TM. animal system. XenoMouse.TM. mice are
engineered mouse strains that comprise large fragments of human
immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain loci and are deficient
in mouse antibody production. See, e.g., Green et al., Nature
Genetics 7:13-21 (1994) and WO2003/040170. The animal is immunized
with a 4-1BB antigen. The 4-1BB antigen is isolated and/or purified
4-1BB, preferably 4-1BB. It may be a fragment of 4-1BB, such as the
extracellular domain of 4-1BB, particularly a 4-1BB extracellular
domain fragment comprising amino acid resides 115-156 of SEQ ID NO:
68. Immunization of animals can be carried out by any method known
in the art. See, e.g., Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory
Manual, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1990. Methods for
immunizing non-human animals such as mice, rats, sheep, goats,
pigs, cattle and horses are well known in the art. See, e.g.,
Harlow and Lane, supra, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,619. The 4-1BB
antigen may be administered with an adjuvant to stimulate the
immune response. Exemplary adjuvants include complete or incomplete
Freund's adjuvant, RIBI (muramyl dipeptides) or ISCOM
(immunostimulating complexes). After immunization of an animal with
a 4-1BB antigen, antibody-producing immortalized cell lines are
prepared from cells isolated from the immunized animal. After
immunization, the animal is sacrificed and lymph node and/or
splenic B cells are immortalized. Methods of immortalizing cells
include, but are not limited to, transferring them with oncogenes,
inflecting them with the oncogenic virus cultivating them under
conditions that select for immortalized cells, subjecting them to
carcinogenic or mutating compounds, fusing them with an
immortalized cell, e.g., a myeloma cell, and inactivating a tumor
suppressor gene. See, e.g., Harlow and Lane, supra. If fusion with
myeloma cells is used, the myeloma cells preferably do not secrete
immunoglobulin polypeptides (a non-secretory cell line).
Immortalized cells are screened using 4-1BB, a portion thereof, or
a cell expressing 4-1BB. 4-1BB antibody-producing cells, e.g.,
hybridomas, are selected, cloned and further screened for desirable
characteristics, including robust growth, high antibody production
and desirable antibody characteristics, as discussed further below.
Hybridomas can be expanded in vivo in syngeneic animals, in animals
that lack an immune system, e.g., nude mice, or in cell culture in
vitro. Methods of selecting, cloning and expanding hybridomas are
well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
[0146] Antibodies of the disclosure can also be prepared using
phage display methods.
[0147] Such phage display methods for isolating human antibodies
are established in the art, such as the HuCAL.RTM. Libraries as
described further in Example 1. See also, for example: Achim
Knappik, et al: Fully Synthetic Human Combinatorial Antibody
Libraries (HuCAL) Based on Modular Consensus Frameworks and CDRs
Randomized with Trinucleotides. J. Mol. Biol. (2000) 296,
57-86.
[0148] B-2. Antigen-Binding Fragments
[0149] In some other aspects, the present disclosure provides
antigen-binding fragments of any of the 4-1BB antibodies provided
by the present disclosure.
[0150] The antigen-binding fragment may comprise any sequences of
the antibody. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding fragment
comprises the amino acid sequence of: (1) a light chain of a 4-1BB
antibody; (2) a heavy chain of a 4-1BB antibody; (3) a variable
region from the light chain of a 4-1BB antibody; (4) a variable
region from the heavy chain of a 4-1BB antibody; (5) one or more
CDRs (two, three, four, five, or six CDRs) of a 4-1BB antibody; or
(6) three CDRs from the light chain and three CDRs from the heavy
chain of a 4-1BB antibody.
[0151] In some particular embodiments, the disclosure provides an
antigen-binding fragment of an antibody selected from: MOR-6032,
MOR-7361, MOR-7480, MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2, MOR-7483, MOR-7483.1,
or MOR-7483.2.
[0152] In some other particular embodiments, the antigen-binding
fragments of an 4-1BB antibody include: (i) a Fab fragment, which
is a monovalent fragment consisting of the V.sub.L, V.sub.H,
C.sub.L and C.sub.H1 domains; (ii) a F(ab').sub.2 fragment, which
is a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a
disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment
consisting of the V.sub.H and C.sub.H1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment
consisting of the V.sub.L and V.sub.H domains of a single arm of an
antibody; (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature
341:544-546), which consists of a V.sub.H domain; (vi) an isolated
CDR, and (vii) single chain antibody (scFv), which is a polypeptide
comprising a V.sub.L region of an antibody linked to a V.sub.H
region of an antibody. Bird et al., (1988) Science 242:423-426 and
Huston et al., (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883.
[0153] In some particular embodiments, the antigen-binding fragment
is a Fab fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab-6032,
Fab-7361, Fab-7480, and Fab-7483.
[0154] B-3. Antibody Derivatives
[0155] In some further aspects, the present disclosure provides
derivatives of any of the 4-1BB antibodies provided by the present
disclosure.
[0156] In one aspect, the antibody derivative is derived from
modifications of the amino acid sequences of an illustrative
antibody ("parent antibody") of the disclosure while conserving the
overall molecular structure of the parent antibody amino acid
sequence. Amino acid sequences of any regions of the parent
antibody chains may be modified, such as framework regions, CDR
regions, or constant regions. Types of modifications include
substitutions, insertions, deletions, or combinations thereof, of
one or more amino acids of the parent antibody. In some
embodiments, the antibody derivative comprises an V.sub.H region
that is at least 65%, at least 75%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at
least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least
99% identical to an amino acid sequence as set forth in any of SEQ
ID NOs: 4, 18, 32, or 43. In some other embodiments, the antibody
derivative comprises an V.sub.L region that is at least 65%, at
least 75%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%,
at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to an amino
acid sequence as set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 23, 37, 45, 51,
56, 60, or 64. In some particular embodiments, the derivative
comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15
conservative or non-conservative substitutions, and/or 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 additions and/or deletions
to an amino acid sequence as set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 18,
32, 43, 9, 23, 37, 45, 51, 56, 60, or 64.
[0157] Amino acid substitutions encompass both conservative
substitutions and non-conservative substitutions. The term
"conservative amino acid substitution" means a replacement of one
amino acid with another amino acid where the two amino acids have
similarity in certain physico-chemical properties such as polarity,
charge, solubility, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and/or the
amphipathic nature of the residues involved. For example,
substitutions typically may be made within each of the following
groups: (a) nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids, such as alanine,
leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan,
and methionine; (b) polar neutral amino acids, such as glycine,
serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, and glutamine;
(c) positively charged (basic) amino acids, such as arginine,
lysine, and histidine; and (d) negatively charged (acidic) amino
acids, such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
[0158] The modifications may be made in any positions of the amino
acid sequences of the antibody, including the CDRs, framework
regions, or constant regions. In one embodiment, the present
disclosure provides an antibody derivative that contains the
V.sub.H and V.sub.L CDR sequences of an illustrative antibody of
this disclosure, yet contains framework sequences different from
those of the illustrative antibody. Such framework sequences can be
obtained from public DNA databases or published references that
include germline antibody gene sequences. For example, germline DNA
sequences for human heavy and light chain variable region genes can
be found in the Genbank database or in the "VBase" human germline
sequence database (Kabat, E. A., et al., Sequences of Proteins of
Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242 (1991); Tomlinson,
I. M., et al., J. Mol. Biol. 227:776-798 (1992); and Cox, J. P. L.
et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 24:827-836 (1994)). Framework sequences
that may be used in constructing an antibody derivative include
those that are structurally similar to the framework sequences used
by illustrative antibodies of the disclosure, e.g., similar to the
V.sub.H 3-23 framework sequences and/or the V.sub.L .lamda.3 or
.lamda.1-13 framework sequences used by illustrative antibodies of
the disclosure. For example, the H-CDR1, H-CDR2, and H-CDR3
sequences, and the L-CDR1, L-CDR2, and L-CDR3 sequences of an
illustrative antibody can be grafted onto framework regions that
have the identical sequence as that found in the germline
immunoglobulin gene from which the framework sequence derive, or
the CDR sequences can be grafted onto framework regions that
contain one or more mutations as compared to the germline
sequences.
[0159] In a particular embodiment, the antibody derivative is a
chimeric antibody which comprises an amino acid sequence of an
illustrative antibody of the disclosure. In one example, one or
more CDRs from one or more illustrative human antibodies are
combined with CDRs from an antibody from a non-human animal, such
as mouse or rat. In another example, all of the CDRs of the
chimeric antibody are derived from one or more illustrative
antibodies. In some particular embodiments, the chimeric antibody
comprises one, two, or three CDRs from the heavy chain variable
region or from the light chain variable region of an illustrative
antibody. Chimeric antibodies can be generated using conventional
methods known in the art.
[0160] Another type of modification is to mutate amino acid
residues within the CDR1, CDR2 and/or CDR3 regions of the V.sub.H
and/or V.sub.L chain. Site-directed mutagenesis or PCR-mediated
mutagenesis can be performed to introduce the mutation(s) and the
effect on antibody binding, or other functional property of
interest, can be evaluated in in vitro or in vivo assays known in
the art. Typically, conservative substitutions are introduced. The
mutations may be amino acid additions and/or deletions. Moreover,
typically no more than one, two, three, four or five residues
within a CDR region are altered. In some embodiments, the antibody
derivative comprises 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acid substitutions in the
H-CDRs and/or in the light chain CDRs. In another embodiment, the
amino acid substitution is to change one or more cysteines in an
antibody to another residue, such as, without limitation, alanine
or serine. The cysteine may be a canonical or non-canonical
cysteine. In one embodiment, the antibody derivative has 1, 2, 3,
or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions in the H-CDR regions
relative to the amino acid sequences of an illustrative
antibody.
[0161] Modifications may also be made to the framework residues
within the V.sub.H and/or V.sub.L regions. Typically, such
framework variants are made to decrease the immunogenicity of the
antibody. One approach is to "backmutate" one or more framework
residues to the corresponding germline sequence. An antibody that
has undergone somatic mutation may contain framework residues that
differ from the germline sequence from which the antibody is
derived. Such residues can be identified by comparing the antibody
framework sequences to the germline sequences from which the
antibody is derived. To return the framework region sequences to
their germline configuration, the somatic mutations can be
"backmutated" to the germline sequence by, for example,
site-directed mutagenesis or PCR-mediated mutagenesis. Several of
the illustrative antibodies of the present disclosure underwent
such "back-mutations" to certain germline sequences, as described
further in Example 6.
[0162] In addition, modifications may also be made within the Fc
region of an illustrative antibody, typically to alter one or more
functional properties of the antibody, such as serum half-life,
complement fixation, Fc receptor binding, and/or antigen-dependent
cellular cytotoxicity. In one example, the hinge region of CH1 is
modified such that the number of cysteine residues in the hinge
region is altered, e.g., increased or decreased. This approach is
described further in U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,425. The number of
cysteine residues in the hinge region of CH1 is altered to, for
example, facilitate assembly of the light and heavy chains or to
increase or decrease the stability of the antibody. In another
case, the Fc hinge region of an antibody is mutated to decrease the
biological half life of the antibody.
[0163] Furthermore, an antibody of the disclosure may be modified
to alter its potential glycosylation site or pattern. Both
illustrative antibodies MOR-7480 and MOR-7483, and any germlined
variants thereof, and antibodies that comprise the amino acid
sequences of the heavy chain variable region of MOR-7480 and
MOR-7483, comprise a potential N-linked glycosylation site (NYS) at
asparagine 59 in the heavy chain variable domain. IgG versions of
these antibodies further comprise a second N-linked glycosylation
site in the heavy chain Fc domain. More specifically, for the IgG2
version of these antibodies, the Fc N-linked glycosylation site
(NST) occurs at asparagine 292 in the heavy chain CH2 domain. Thus,
each heavy chain can comprise 0-, 1-(at either Fab or Fc) or
2-glycan occupancy such that an antibody comprising two heavy and
two light chains can comprise any combination ranging from 0-glycan
occupancy (i.e., no glycosylation at any of four potential
glycosylation sites) to 4-glycan occupancy (i.e., glycosylated at
both Fab and Fc sites in each chain). In another aspect, the
present disclosure provide an derivative of an 4-1BB antibody of
the disclosure that contains at least one mutation in an variable
region of a light chain or heavy chain that changes the pattern of
glycosylation in the variable region. Such an antibody derivative
may have an increased affinity and/or a modified specificity for
binding an antigen. The mutations may add a novel glycosylation
site in the V region, change the location of one or more V region
glycosylation site(s), or remove a pre-existing V region
glycosylation site. In one embodiment, the present disclosure
provides a derivative of an 4-1BB antibody having a potential
N-linked glycosylation site at asparagine 59 in the heavy chain
variable region, wherein the potential N-linked glycosylation site
in one heavy chain variable region is removed. In another
embodiment, the present disclosure provides a derivative of a 4-1BB
antibody having a potential N-linked glycosylation site at
asparagine 59 in the heavy chain variable region, wherein the
potential N-linked glycosylation site in both heavy chain variable
regions is removed. Method of altering the glycosylation pattern of
an antibody is known in the art, such as those described in U.S.
Pat. No. 6,933,368, the disclosure of which incorporated herein by
reference.
[0164] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an
antibody derivative that comprises a 4-1BB antibody, or
antigen-binding fragment thereof, as described herein, linked to an
additional molecular entity. Examples of additional molecular
entities include pharmaceutical agents, peptides or proteins,
detection agent or labels, and antibodies.
[0165] In some embodiments, the antibody derivative comprises an
antibody of the disclosure linked to a pharmaceutical agent.
Examples of pharmaceutical agents include cytotoxic agents or other
cancer therapeutic agents, and radioactive isotopes. Specific
examples of cytotoxic agents include taxol, cytochalasin B,
gramicidin D, ethidium bromide, emetine, mitomycin, etoposide,
tenoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicin, doxorubicin,
daunorubicin, dihydroxy anthracin dione, mitoxantrone, mithramycin,
actinomycin D, 1-dehydrotestosterone, glucocorticoids, procaine,
tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, and puromycin and analogs or
homologs thereof. Therapeutic agents also include, for example,
antimetabolites (e.g., methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine,
6-thioguanine, cytarabine, 5-fluorouracil decarbazine), alkylating
agents (e.g., mechlorethamine, thioepa chlorambucil, melphalan,
carmustine (BSNU) and lomustine (CCNU), cyclothosphamide, busulfan,
dibromomannitol, streptozotocin, mitomycin C, and
cis-dichlorodiamine platinum (II) (DDP) cisplatin), anthracyclines
(e.g., daunorubicin (formerly daunomycin) and doxorubicin),
antibiotics (e.g., dactinomycin (formerly actinomycin), bleomycin,
mithramycin, and anthramycin (AMC)), and anti-mitotic agents (e.g.,
vincristine and vinblastine). Examples of radioactive isotopes that
can be conjugated to antibodies for use diagnostically or
therapeutically include, but are not limited to, iodine.sup.131,
indium.sup.111, yttrium.sup.90 and lutetium.sup.177. Methods for
linking an antibody to a pharmaceutical agent are known in the art,
such as using various linker technologies. Examples of linker types
include hydrazones, thioethers, esters, disulfides and
peptide-containing linkers. For further discussion of linkers and
methods for linking therapeutic agents to antibodies, see also
Saito et al., Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 55:199-215 (2003); Trail, et
al., Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 52:328-337 (2003); Payne, Cancer
Cell 3:207-212 (2003); Allen, Nat. Rev. Cancer 2:750-763 (2002);
Pastan, I. and Kreitman, Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs 3:1089-1091
(2002); Senter, P. D. and Springer, C. J. (2001) Adv. Drug Deliv.
Rev. 53:247-264.
[0166] In a particular embodiment, the antibody derivative is a
4-1BB antibody multimer, which is a multimeric form of a 4-1BB
antibody, such as antibody dimers, trimers, or higher-order
multimers of monomeric antibodies. Individual monomers within an
antibody multimer may be identical or different. In addition,
individual antibodies within a multimer may have the same or
different binding specificities. Multimerization of antibodies may
be accomplished through natural aggregation of antibodies. For
example, some percentage of purified antibody preparations (e.g.,
purified IgG1 molecules) spontaneously form protein aggregates
containing antibody homodimers, and other higher-order antibody
multimers. Alternatively, antibody homodimers may be formed through
chemical linkage techniques known in the art, such as through using
crosslinking agents. Suitable crosslinkers include those that are
heterobifunctional, having two distinctly reactive groups separated
by an appropriate spacer (such as
m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, succinimidyl
4-(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, and N-succinimidyl
S-acethylthio-acetate) or homobifunctional (such as disuccinimidyl
suberate). Such linkers are commercially available from, for
example, Pierce Chemical Company, Rockford, Ill. Antibodies can
also be made to multimerize through recombinant DNA techniques
known in the art.
[0167] Examples of other antibody derivatives provided by the
present disclosure include single chain antibodies, diabodies,
domain antibodies, nanobodies, and unibodies. A "single-chain
antibody" (scFv) consists of a single polypeptide chain comprising
a V.sub.L domain linked to a V.sub.H domain wherein V.sub.L domain
and V.sub.H domain are paired to form a monovalent molecule. Single
chain antibody can be prepared according to method known in the art
(see, for example, Bird et al., (1988) Science 242:423-426 and
Huston et al., (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883). A
"diabody" consists of two chains, each chain comprising a heavy
chain variable region connected to a light chain variable region on
the same polypeptide chain connected by a short peptide linker,
wherein the two regions on the same chain do not pair with each
other but with complementary domains on the other chain to form a
bispecific molecule. Methods of preparing diabodies are known in
the art (See, e.g., Holliger P. et al., (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 90:6444-6448, and Poljak R. J. et al., (1994) Structure
2:1121-1123). Domain antibodies (dAbs) are small functional binding
units of antibodies, corresponding to the variable regions of
either the heavy or light chains of antibodies. Domain antibodies
are well expressed in bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cell systems.
Further details of domain antibodies and methods of production
thereof are known in the art (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos.
6,291,158; 6,582,915; 6,593,081; 6,172,197; 6,696,245; European
Patents 0368684 & 0616640; WO05/035572, WO04/101790,
WO04/081026, WO04/058821, WO04/003019 and WO03/002609). Nanobodies
are derived from the heavy chains of an antibody. A nanobody
typically comprises a single variable domain and two constant
domains (CH2 and CH3) and retains antigen-binding capacity of the
original antibody. Nanobodies can be prepared by methods known in
the art (See e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,765,087, U.S. Pat. No.
6,838,254, WO 06/079372). Unibodies consist of one light chain and
one heavy chain of a IgG4 antibody. Unibodies may be made by the
removal of the hinge region of IgG4 antibodies. Further details of
unibodies and methods of preparing them may be found in
WO2007/059782.
C. Nucleic Acids, Vectors, Host Cells, and Recombinant Methods of
Producing 4-1BB Antibodies
[0168] Another aspect of the disclosure provides an isolated
nucleic acid molecule that comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding
an amino acid sequence of a binding molecule provided by the
present disclosure. The amino acid sequence encoded by the
nucleotide sequence may be any portion of an antibody, such as a
CDR, a sequence comprising one, two, or three CDRs, a variable
region of a heavy chain, variable region of a light chain, or may
be a full-length heavy chain or full length light chain. A nucleic
acid of the disclosure can be, for example, DNA or RNA, and may or
may not contain intronic sequences. Typically, the nucleic acid is
a cDNA molecule.
[0169] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides an isolated
nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleotide
sequence encoding an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of: (1) amino acid sequence of a H-CDR3 or L-CRD3 of an
illustrative antibody; (2) a variable region of a heavy chain or
variable region of a light chain of an illustrative antibody; or
(3) a full length heavy chain or full length light chain of an
illustrative antibody.
[0170] In other embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises or
consists of a nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid
sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs:1-10, 15-24, 29-38,
43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 52, 55-57, 60, 61, 64, and 65.
[0171] In still other embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule
comprises or consists of nucleotide sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 11-14, 25-28, 39-42, 47-50, 53, 54,
58, 59, 62, 63, 66, and 67.
[0172] Nucleic acids of the disclosure can be obtained using any
suitable molecular biology techniques. For antibodies expressed by
hybridomas, cDNAs encoding the light and heavy chains of the
antibody made by the hybridoma can be obtained by PCR amplification
or cDNA cloning techniques. For antibodies obtained from an
immunoglobulin gene library (e.g., using phage display techniques),
the nucleic acid encoding the antibody can be recovered from the
library.
[0173] The isolated DNA encoding the V.sub.H region can be
converted to a full-length heavy chain gene by operatively linking
the V.sub.H-encoding DNA to another DNA molecule encoding heavy
chain constant regions (CH1, CH2 and CH3). The sequences of human
heavy chain constant region genes are known in the art (see e.g.,
Kabat et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological
Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242) and DNA fragments
encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR
amplification. The heavy chain constant region can be an IgG1,
IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgE, IgM or IgD constant region, but most
preferably is an IgG1 or IgG4 constant region. The IgG1 constant
region sequence can be any of the various alleles or allotypes
known to occur among different individuals, such as Gm(1), Gm(2),
Gm(3), and Gm(17). These allotypes represent naturally occurring
amino acid substitution in the IgG1 constant regions. For a Fab
fragment heavy chain gene, the V.sub.H-encoding DNA can be
operatively linked to another DNA molecule encoding only the heavy
chain CH1 constant region.
[0174] The isolated DNA encoding the V.sub.L region can be
converted to a full-length light chain gene (as well as a Fab light
chain gene) by operatively linking the V.sub.L-encoding DNA to
another DNA molecule encoding the light chain constant region, CL.
The sequences of human light chain constant region genes are known
in the art (see e.g., Kabat et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of
Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242) and DNA fragments
encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR
amplification. The light chain constant region can be a kappa or
lambda constant region.
[0175] To create a scFv gene, the V.sub.H- and V.sub.L-encoding DNA
fragments are operatively linked to another fragment encoding a
flexible linker, e.g., encoding the amino acid sequence
(Gly.sub.4-Ser).sub.3, such that the V.sub.H and V.sub.L sequences
can be expressed as a contiguous single-chain protein, with the
V.sub.L and V.sub.H regions joined by the flexible linker (see
e.g., Bird et al., Science 242:423-426 (1988); Huston et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883 (1988); and McCafferty et al.,
Nature 348:552-554 (1990)).
[0176] The present disclosure further provides a vector that
comprises a nucleic acid molecule provided by the present
disclosure. The nucleic acid molecule may encode a portion of a
light chain or heavy chain (such as a CDR or a variable region), a
full-length light or heavy chain, polypeptide that comprises a
portion or full-length of a heavy or light chain, or an amino acid
sequence of an antibody derivative or antigen-binding fragment. In
some embodiments, the vector is an expression vector useful for the
expression of a binding molecule, such as an antibody or an antigen
binding fragment thereof.
[0177] To express a binding molecule of the disclosure, DNAs
encoding partial or full-length light and heavy chains are inserted
into expression vectors such that the DNA molecules are operatively
linked to transcriptional and translational control sequences. In
this context, the term "operatively linked" means that an antibody
gene is ligated into a vector such that transcriptional and
translational control sequences within the vector serve their
intended function of regulating the transcription and translation
of the DNA molecule. The expression vector and expression control
sequences are chosen to be compatible with the expression host cell
used. The antibody light chain gene and the antibody heavy chain
gene can be inserted into separate vector or, more typically, both
genes are inserted into the same expression vector. The antibody
genes are inserted into the expression vector by any suitable
methods (e.g., ligation of complementary restriction sites on the
antibody gene fragment and vector, or blunt end ligation if no
restriction sites are present). The light and heavy chain variable
regions of the antibodies described herein can be used to create
full-length antibody genes of any antibody isotype and subclass by
inserting them into expression vectors already encoding heavy chain
constant and light chain constant regions of the desired isotype
and subclass such that the V.sub.H segment is operatively linked to
the C.sub.H segment(s) within the vector and the V.sub.K segment is
operatively linked to the C.sub.L segment within the vector.
Additionally or alternatively, the recombinant expression vector
can encode a signal peptide that facilitates secretion of the
antibody chain from a host cell. The antibody chain gene can be
cloned into the vector such that the signal peptide is linked
in-frame to the amino terminus of the antibody chain gene. The
signal peptide can be an immunoglobulin signal peptide or a
heterologous signal peptide (i.e., a signal peptide from a
non-immunoglobulin protein).
[0178] In addition to the antibody chain genes, the expression
vectors of the disclosure typically carry regulatory sequences that
control the expression of the antibody chain genes in a host cell.
The term "regulatory sequence" is intended to include promoters,
enhancers and other expression control elements (e.g.,
polyadenylation signals) that control the transcription or
translation of the antibody chain genes. Such regulatory sequences
are described, for example, in Goeddel (Gene Expression Technology.
Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
(1990)). It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
the design of the expression vector, including the selection of
regulatory sequences, may depend on such factors as the choice of
the host cell to be transformed, the level of expression of protein
desired, etc. Examples of regulatory sequences for mammalian host
cell expression include viral elements that direct high levels of
protein expression in mammalian cells, such as promoters and/or
enhancers derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Simian Virus 40
(SV40), adenovirus, (e.g., the adenovirus major late promoter
(AdMLP) and polyoma. Alternatively, nonviral regulatory sequences
may be used, such as the ubiquitin promoter or .beta.-globin
promoter. Still further, regulatory elements composed of sequences
from different sources, such as the SR promoter system, which
contains sequences from the SV40 early promoter and the long
terminal repeat of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (Takebe, Y.
et al. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:466-472).
[0179] In addition to the antibody chain genes and regulatory
sequences, the expression vectors may carry additional sequences,
such as sequences that regulate replication of the vector in host
cells (e.g., origins of replication) and selectable marker genes.
The selectable marker gene facilitates selection of host cells into
which the vector has been introduced (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,399,216, 4,634,665 and 5,179,017, all by Axel et al.). For
example, typically the selectable marker gene confers resistance to
drugs, such as G418, hygromycin or methotrexate, on a host cell
into which the vector has been introduced. Selectable marker genes
include the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene (for use in
dhfr-host cells with methotrexate selection/amplification) and the
neo gene (for G418 selection).
[0180] For expression of the light and heavy chains, the expression
vector(s) encoding the heavy and light chains is transfected into a
host cell by any suitable techniques. The various forms of the term
"transfection" are intended to encompass a wide variety of
techniques commonly used for the introduction of exogenous DNA into
a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell, e.g., electroporation,
calcium-phosphate precipitation, DEAE-dextran transfection and the
like. Although it is possible to express the antibodies of the
disclosure in either prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells,
expression of antibodies in eukaryotic cells, and typically
mammalian host cells, is most typical.
[0181] The present disclosure further provides a host cell
containing a nucleic acid molecule provided by the present
disclosure. The host cell can be virtually any cell for which
expression vectors are available. It may be, for example, a higher
eukaryotic host cell, such as a mammalian cell, a lower eukaryotic
host cell, such as a yeast cell, and may be a prokaryotic cell,
such as a bacterial cell. Introduction of the recombinant nucleic
acid construct into the host cell can be effected by calcium
phosphate transfection, DEAE, dextran mediated transfection,
electroporation or phage infection.
[0182] Suitable prokaryotic hosts for transformation include E.
coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and various species
within the genera Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and
Staphylococcus.
[0183] Mammalian host cells for expressing a binding molecule of
the disclosure include, for example, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)
cells (including dhfr-CHO cells, described in Urlaub and Chasin,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:4216-4220 (1980), used with a DHFR
selectable marker, e.g., as described in Kaufman and Sharp, J. Mol.
Biol. 159:601-621 (1982), NS0 myeloma cells, COS cells and Sp2
cells. In particular, for use with NS0 myeloma or CHO cells,
another expression system is the GS (glutamine synthetase) gene
expression system disclosed in WO 87/04462, WO 89/01036 and EP
338,841. When expression vectors encoding antibody genes are
introduced into mammalian host cells, the antibodies are produced
by culturing the host cells for a period of time sufficient to
allow for expression of the antibody in the host cells or secretion
of the antibody into the culture medium in which the host cells are
grown. Antibodies can be recovered from the culture medium using
any suitable protein purification methods.
D. Compositions
[0184] In other aspects, the present disclosure provides a
composition containing a binding molecule provided by the
disclosure. In one aspect, the composition is a pharmaceutical
composition comprising a binding molecule and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier. The compositions can be prepared by
conventional methods known in the art.
[0185] In some embodiments, present disclosure provides a
composition comprising an antibody, or an antigen-binding portion
thereof, provided by the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier, wherein said antibody comprises a variable
domain comprising the CDR amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID
NO:30, and wherein said composition comprises not more than about
11%, 10%, 8%, 5%, 3%, or 2% of said antibody, or antigen-binding
portion, that is glycosylated at the asparagine of said amino acid
sequence compared with the total amount of antibody, or
antigen-binding portion thereof, present in said composition. In
another embodiment, the composition comprises at least about 2% of
said antibody, or antigen-binding portion, that is glycosylated at
the asparagine of said amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30 compared
with the total amount of antibody, or antigen-binding portion
thereof, present in said composition.
[0186] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" refers to any
inactive substance that is suitable for use in a formulation for
the delivery of a binding molecule. A carrier may be an
antiadherent, binder, coating, disintegrant, filler or diluent,
preservative (such as antioxidant, antibacterial, or antifungal
agent), sweetener, absorption delaying agent, wetting agent,
emulsifying agent, buffer, and the like. Examples of suitable
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include water, ethanol,
polyols (such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol,
and the like) dextrose, vegetable oils (such as olive oil), saline,
buffer, buffered saline, and isotonic agents such as sugars,
polyalcohols, sorbitol, and sodium chloride.
[0187] The compositions may be in any suitable forms, such as
liquid, semi-solid, and solid dosage forms. Examples of liquid
dosage forms include solution (e.g., injectable and infusible
solutions), microemulsion, liposome, dispersion, or suspension.
Examples of solid dosage forms include tablet, pill, capsule,
microcapsule, and powder. A particular form of the composition
suitable for delivering a binding molecule is a sterile liquid,
such as a solution, suspension, or dispersion, for injection or
infusion. Sterile solutions can be prepared by incorporating the
antibody in the required amount in an appropriate carrier, followed
by sterilization microfiltration. Generally, dispersions are
prepared by incorporating the antibody into a sterile vehicle that
contains a basic dispersion medium and other carriers. In the case
of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile liquid, methods
of preparation include vacuum drying and freeze-drying
(lyophilization) to yield a powder of the active ingredient plus
any additional desired ingredient from a previously
sterile-filtered solution thereof. The various dosage forms of the
compositions can be prepared by conventional techniques known in
the art.
[0188] The relative amount of a binding molecule included in the
composition will vary depending upon a number of factors, such as
the specific binding molecule and carriers used, dosage form, and
desired release and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The amount of
a binding molecule in a single dosage form will generally be that
amount which produces a therapeutic effect, but may also be a
lesser amount. Generally, this amount will range from about 0.01
percent to about 99 percent, from about 0.1 percent to about 70
percent, or from about 1 percent to about 30 percent relative to
the total weight of the dosage form.
[0189] In addition to the binding molecule, one or more additional
therapeutic agents may be included in the composition. Examples of
additional therapeutic agents are described herein below. The
suitable amount of the additional therapeutic agent to be included
in the composition can be readily selected by a person skilled in
the art, and will vary depending on a number of factors, such as
the particular agent and carriers used, dosage form, and desired
release and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The amount of the
additional therapeutic agent included in a single dosage form will
generally be that amount of the agent which produces a therapeutic
effect, but may be a lesser amount as well.
E. Use of the Binding Molecules and Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0190] Binding molecules and pharmaceutical compositions provided
by the present disclosure are useful for therapeutic, diagnostic,
or other purposes, such as enhancing an immune response, treating
cancer, enhancing efficacy of other cancer therapy, enhancing
vaccine efficacy, or treating autoimmune diseases. Thus, in other
aspects, the present disclosure provides methods of using the
binding molecules or pharmaceutical compositions. In one aspect,
the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disorder in
a mammal, which comprises administering to the mammal in need of
treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a binding molecule
provided by the disclosure. The binding molecule may be a 4-1BB
agonist or antagonist. In some embodiments, the binding molecule is
a 4-1BB agonist. In some embodiments, the mammal is a human.
[0191] In some embodiments, the disorder is a cancer. A variety of
cancers where 4-1BB is implicated, whether malignant or benign and
whether primary or secondary, may be treated or prevented with a
method provided by the disclosure. Examples of such cancers include
lung cancers such as bronchogenic carcinoma (e.g., squamous cell
carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and
adenocarcinoma), alveolar cell carcinoma, bronchial adenoma,
chondromatous hamartoma (noncancerous), and sarcoma (cancerous);
heart cancer such as myxoma, fibromas, and rhabdomyomas; bone
cancers such as osteochondromas, condromas, chondroblastomas,
chondromyxoid fibromas, osteoid osteomas, giant cell tumors,
chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcomas,
malignant fibrous histiocytomas, Ewing's tumor (Ewing's sarcoma),
and reticulum cell sarcoma; brain cancer such as gliomas (e.g.,
glioblastoma multiforme), anaplastic astrocytomas, astrocytomas,
oligodendrogliomas, medulloblastomas, chordoma, Schwannomas,
ependymomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenoma, pinealoma, osteomas,
hemangioblastomas, craniopharyngiomas, chordomas, germinomas,
teratomas, dermoid cysts, and angiomas; cancers in digestive system
such as leiomyoma, epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma,
leiomyosarcoma, stomach adenocarcinomas, intestinal lipomas,
intestinal neurofibromas, intestinal fibromas, polyps in large
intestine, and colorectal cancers; liver cancers such as
hepatocellular adenomas, hemangioma, hepatocellular carcinoma,
fibrolamellar carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and
angiosarcoma; kidney cancers such as kidney adenocarcinoma, renal
cell carcinoma, hypernephroma, and transitional cell carcinoma of
the renal pelvis; bladder cancers; hematological cancers such as
acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia, acute myeloid
(myelocytic, myelogenous, myeloblastic, myelomonocytic) leukemia,
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (e.g., Sezary syndrome and hairy cell
leukemia), chronic myelocytic (myeloid, myelogenous, granulocytic)
leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, B cell
lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, and myeloproliferative disorders
(including myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera,
myelofibrosis, thrombocythemia, and chronic myelocytic leukemia);
skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma,
melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and Paget's disease; head and neck
cancers; eye-related cancers such as retinoblastoma and
intraoccular melanocarcinoma; male reproductive system cancers such
as benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and testicular
cancers (e.g., seminoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, and
choriocarcinoma); breast cancer; female reproductive system cancers
such as uterine cancer (endometrial carcinoma), cervical cancer
(cervical carcinoma), cancer of the ovaries (ovarian carcinoma),
vulvar carcinoma, vaginal carcinoma, fallopian tube cancer, and
hydatidiform mole; thyroid cancer (including papillary, follicular,
anaplastic, or medullary cancer); pheochromocytomas (adrenal
gland); noncancerous growths of the parathyroid glands; pancreatic
cancers; and hematological cancers such as leukemias, myelomas,
non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and Hodgkin's lymphomas.
[0192] In some other embodiments, the disorder is an autoimmune
disease. Examples of autoimmune diseases that may be treated with
the binding molecules include autoimmune encephalomyelitis, lupus
erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. The binding molecule may
also be used to treat inflammation (such as allergic asthma) and
chronic graft-versus-host disease,
[0193] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method
of enhancing an immune response in a mammal, which comprises
administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a
binding molecule provided by the disclosure. In some embodiments,
the binding molecule is a 4-1BB antibody or antigen-binding
fragment thereof and the mammal is a human. In a further
embodiment, the binding molecule is 4-1BB agonist antibody or an
antigen-binding fragment thereof. The term "enhancing immune
response" or its grammatical variations, means stimulating,
evoking, increasing, improving, or augmenting any response of a
mammal's immune system. The immune response may be a cellular
response (i.e. cell-mediated, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte
mediated) or a humoral response (i.e. antibody mediated response),
and may be a primary or secondary immune response. Examples of
enhancement of immune response include increased CD4+ helper T cell
activity and generation of cytolytic T cells. The enhancement of
immune response can be assessed using a number of in vitro or in
vivo measurements known to those skilled in the art, including, but
not limited to, cytotoxic T lymphocyte assays, release of cytokines
(for example IL-2 production), regression of tumors, survival of
tumor bearing animals, antibody production, immune cell
proliferation, expression of cell surface markers, and
cytotoxicity. Typically, methods of the disclosure enhance the
immune response by a mammal when compared to the immune response by
an untreated mammal or a mammal not treated using the claimed
methods. In one embodiment, the binding molecule is used to enhance
the immune response of a human to a microbal pathogen (such as a
virus). In another embodiment, the binding molecule is used to
enhance the immune response of a human to a vaccine. The binding
molecule may be a 4-1BB agonist or antagonist. In some embodiments,
the binding molecule is a 4-1BB agonist. In one embodiment, the
method enhances a cellular immune response, particularly a
cytotoxic T cell response. In another embodiment, the cellular
immune response is a T helper cell response. In still another
embodiment, the immune response is a cytokine production,
particularly IL-2 production. The binding molecule may be used to
enhance the immune response of a human to a microbial pathogen
(such as a virus) or to a vaccine. The binding molecule may be a
4-1BB agonist or antagonist. In some embodiments, the binding
molecule is a 4-1BB agonist.
[0194] In practicing the therapeutic methods, the binding molecules
may be administered alone as monotherapy, or administered in
combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents or
therapies. Thus, in another aspect, the present disclosure provides
a combination therapy, which comprises a binding molecule in
combination with one or more additional therapies or therapeutic
agents for separate, sequential or simultaneous administration. The
term "additional therapy" refers to a therapy which does not employ
a binding molecule provided by the disclosure as a therapeutic
agent. The term "additional therapeutic agent" refers to any
therapeutic agent other than a binding molecule provided by the
disclosure. In one particular aspect, the present disclosure
provides a combination therapy for treating cancer in a mammal,
which comprises administering to the mammal a therapeutically
effective amount of a binding molecule provided by the disclosure
in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents. In a
further embodiment, the mammal is a human.
[0195] A wide variety of cancer therapeutic agents may be used in
combination with a binding molecule provided by the present
disclosure. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the
presence and development of other cancer therapies which can be
used in combination with the methods and binding molecules of the
present disclosure, and will not be restricted to those forms of
therapy set forth herein. Examples of categories of additional
therapeutic agents that may be used in the combination therapy for
treating cancer include (1) chemotherapeutic agents, (2)
immunotherapeutic agents, and (3) hormone therapeutic agents.
[0196] The term "chemotherapeutic agent" refers to a chemical or
biological substance that can cause death of cancer cells, or
interfere with growth, division, repair, and/or function of cancer
cells. Examples of chemotherapeutic agents include those that are
disclosed in WO 2006/129163, and US 20060153808, the disclosures of
which are incorporated herein by reference. Examples of particular
chemotherapeutic agents include: (1) alkylating agents, such as
chlorambucil (LEUKERAN), mcyclophosphamide (CYTOXAN), ifosfamide
(IFEX), mechlorethamine hydrochloride (MUSTARGEN), thiotepa
(THIOPLEX), streptozotocin (ZANOSAR), carmustine (BICNU, GLIADEL
WAFER), lomustine (CEENU), and dacarbazine (DTIC-DOME); (2)
alkaloids or plant vinca alkaloids, including cytotoxic
antibiotics, such as doxorubicin (ADRIAMYCIN), epirubicin (ELLENCE,
PHARMORUBICIN), daunorubicin (CERUBIDINE, DAUNOXOME), nemorubicin,
idarubicin (IDAMYCIN PFS, ZAVEDOS), mitoxantrone (DHAD,
NOVANTRONE). dactinomycin (actinomycin D, COSMEGEN), plicamycin
(MITHRACIN), mitomycin (MUTAMYCIN), and bleomycin (BLENOXANE),
vinorelbine tartrate (NAVELBINE)), vinblastine (VELBAN),
vincristine (ONCOVIN), and vindesine (ELDISINE); (3)
antimetabolites, such as capecitabine (XELODA), cytarabine
(CYTOSAR-U), fludarabine (FLUDARA), gemcitabine (GEMZAR),
hydroxyurea (HYDRA), methotrexate (FOLEX, MEXATE, TREXALL),
nelarabine (ARRANON), trimetrexate (NEUTREXIN), and pemetrexed
(ALIMTA); (4) Pyrimidine antagonists, such as 5-fluorouracil
(5-FU); capecitabine (XELODA), raltitrexed (TOMUDEX),
tegafur-uracil (UFTORAL), and gemcitabine (GEMZAR); (5) taxanes,
such as docetaxel (TAXOTERE), paclitaxel (TAXOL); (6) platinum
drugs, such as cisplatin (PLATINOL) and carboplatin (PARAPLATIN),
and oxaliplatin (ELOXATIN); (7) topoisomerase inhibitors, such as
irinotecan (CAMPTOSAR), topotecan (HYCAMTIN), etoposide (ETOPOPHOS,
VEPESSID, TOPOSAR), and teniposide (VUMON); (8) epipodophyllotoxins
(podophyllotoxin derivatives), such as etoposide (ETOPOPHOS,
VEPESSID, TOPOSAR); (9) folic acid derivatives, such as leucovorin
(WELLCOVORIN); (10) nitrosoureas, such as carmustine (BiCNU),
lomustine (CeeNU); (11) inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase,
including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin receptor, insulin-like
growth factor receptor (IGFR), hepatocyte growth factor receptor
(HGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), such
as gefitinib (IRESSA), erlotinib (TARCEVA), bortezomib (VELCADE),
imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC), genefitinib, lapatinib, sorafenib,
thalidomide, sunitinib (SUTENT), axitinib, rituximab (RITUXAN,
MABTHERA), trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN), cetuximab (ERBITUX),
bevacizumab (AVASTIN), and ranibizumab (LUCENTIS), lym-1 (ONCOLYM),
antibodies to insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) that
are disclosed in WO2002/053596); (12) angiogenesis inhibitors, such
as bevacizumab (AVASTIN), suramin (GERMANIN), angiostatin, SU5416,
thalidomide, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (such as
batimastat and marimastat), and those that are disclosed in
WO2002055106; and (13) proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib
(VELCADE).
[0197] The term "immunotherapeutic agents" refers to a chemical or
biological substance that can enhance an immune response of a
mammal. Examples of immunotherapeutic agents include: bacillus
Calmette-Guerin (BCG); cytokines such as interferons; vaccines such
as MyVax personalized immunotherapy, Onyvax-P, Oncophage, GRNVAC1,
FavId, Provenge, GVAX, Lovaxin C, BiovaxiD, GMXX, and NeuVax; and
antibodies such as alemtuzumab (CAMPATH), bevacizumab (AVASTIN),
cetuximab (ERBITUX), gemtuzunab ozogamicin (MYLOTARG), ibritumomab
tiuxetan (ZEVALIN), panitumumab (VECTIBIX), rituximab (RITUXAN,
MABTHERA), trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN), tositumomab (BEXXAR),
ipilimumab (YERVOY) tremelimumab, CAT-3888, agonist antibodies to
OX40 receptor (such as those disclosed in WO2009/079335), agonist
antibodies to CD40 receptor (such as those disclosed in
WO2003/040170, and TLR-9 agonists (such as those disclosed in
WO2003/015711, WO2004/016805, and WO2009/022215).
[0198] The term "hormone therapeutic agent" refers to a chemical or
biological substance that inhibits or eliminates the production of
a hormone, or inhibits or counteracts the effect of a hormone on
the growth and/or survival of cancerous cells. Examples of such
agents suitable for the methods herein include those that are
disclosed in US20070117809. Examples of particular hormone
therapeutic agents include tamoxifen (NOLVADEX), toremifene
(Fareston), fulvestrant (FASLODEX), anastrozole (ARIMIDEX),
exemestane (AROMASIN), letrozole (FEMARA), megestrol acetate
(MEGACE), goserelin (ZOLADEX), and leuprolide (LUPRON). The binding
molecules of this disclosure may also be used in combination with
non-drug hormone therapies such as (1) surgical methods that remove
all or part of the organs or glands which participate in the
production of the hormone, such as the ovaries, the testicles, the
adrenal gland, and the pituitary gland, and (2) radiation
treatment, in which the organs or glands of the patient are
subjected to radiation in an amount sufficient to inhibit or
eliminate the production of the targeted hormone.
[0199] The combination therapy for treating cancer also encompasses
the combination of a binding molecule with surgery to remove a
tumor. The binding molecule may be administered to the mammal
before, during, or after the surgery.
[0200] The combination therapy for treating cancer also encompasses
combination of a binding molecule with radiation therapy, such as
ionizing (electromagnetic) radiotherapy (e.g., X-rays or gamma
rays) and particle beam radiation therapy (e.g., high linear energy
radiation). The source of radiation can be external or internal to
the mammal. The binding molecule may be administered to the mammal
before, during, or after the radiation therapy.
[0201] The binding molecules and compositions provided by the
present disclosure can be administered via any suitable enteral
route or parenteral route of administration. The term "enteral
route" of administration refers to the administration via any part
of the gastrointestinal tract. Examples of enteral routes include
oral, mucosal, buccal, and rectal route, or intragastric route.
"Parenteral route" of administration refers to a route of
administration other than enteral route. Examples of parenteral
routes of administration include intravenous, intramuscular,
intradermal, intraperitoneal, intratumor, intravesical,
intraarterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital,
intracardiac, transtracheal, intraarticular, subcapsular,
subarachnoid, intraspinal, epidural and intrasternal, subcutaneous,
or topical administration. The antibodies and compositions of the
disclosure can be administered using any suitable method, such as
by oral ingestion, nasogastric tube, gastrostomy tube, injection,
infusion, implantable infusion pump, and osmotic pump. The suitable
route and method of administration may vary depending on a number
of factors such as the specific antibody being used, the rate of
absorption desired, specific formulation or dosage form used, type
or severity of the disorder being treated, the specific site of
action, and conditions of the patient, and can be readily selected
by a person skilled in the art
[0202] The term "therapeutically effective amount" of a binding
molecule refers to an amount that is effective for an intended
therapeutic purpose. For example, in the context of enhancing an
immune response, a "therapeutically effective amount" is any amount
that is effective in stimulating, evoking, increasing, improving,
or augmenting any response of a mammal's immune system. In the
context of treating a disease, a "therapeutically effective amount"
is any amount that is sufficient to cause any desirable or
beneficial effect in the mammal being treated. Specifically, in the
treatment of cancer, examples of desirable or beneficial effects
include inhibition of further growth or spread of cancer cells,
death of cancer cells, inhibition of reoccurrence of cancer,
reduction of pain associated with the cancer, or improved survival
of the mammal. The therapeutically effective amount of a 4-1BB
antibody usually ranges from about 0.001 to about 500 mg/kg, and
more usually about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg, of the body weight of
the mammal. For example, the amount can be about 0.3 mg/kg, 1
mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, or 100 mg/kg of body
weight of the mammal. In some embodiments, the therapeutically
effective amount of a 4-1BB antibody is in the range of about
0.01-30 mg/kg of body weight of the mammal. In some other
embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount of a 4-1BB
antibody is in the range of about 0.05-15 mg/kg of body weight of
the mammal. The precise dosage level to be administered can be
readily determined by a person skilled in the art and will depend
on a number of factors, such as the type, and severity of the
disorder to be treated, the particular binding molecule employed,
the route of administration, the time of administration, the
duration of the treatment, the particular additional therapy
employed, the age, sex, weight, condition, general health and prior
medical history of the patient being treated, and like factors well
known in the medical arts.
[0203] A binding molecule or composition is usually administered on
multiple occasions. Intervals between single doses can be, for
example, weekly, monthly, every three months or yearly. An
exemplary treatment regimen entails administration once per week,
once every two weeks, once every three weeks, once every four
weeks, once a month, once every three months or once every three to
six months. Typical dosage regimens for a 4-1BB antibody include 1
mg/kg body weight or 3 mg/kg body weight via intravenous
administration, using one of the following dosing schedules: (i)
every four weeks for six dosages, then every three months; (ii)
every three weeks; (iii) 3 mg/kg body weight once followed by 1
mg/kg body weight every three weeks.
[0204] The present disclosure is further illustrated by the
following examples which should not be construed as further
limiting. The contents of all figures and all references, patents
and published patent applications cited throughout this disclosure
are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their
entirety.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Generation of Fab Fragments that Bind to 4-1BB
[0205] Certain antibodies provided by the present invention were
originally generated from Fabs that bind to human 4-1BB. The Fabs
were selected from a phage display library, the MorphoSys HuCAL
GOLD.RTM. phagemid library, following alternating panning on 4-1BB
FC and cells expressing human 4-1BB. These Fabs include those that
are designated as "Fab-6032," "Fab-7361," "Fab-7480," and
"Fab-7483." 4-1BB antibodies MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, and
MOR-7483 disclosed in this application were generated from
"Fab-6032," "Fab-7361," "Fab-7480," and "Fab-7483, respectively.
The amino acid sequence of the light chain variable region and
heavy chain variable region of a given Fab are identical to the
amino acid sequence of the light chain variable region and heavy
chain variable region, respectively, of an illustrative antibody
the designation of which shares the same numerical number with the
designation of the Fab. For example, Fab-7480 and antibody MOR-7480
have identical amino acid sequences for their light chain variable
region and heavy chain variable region, respectively.
[0206] The phagemid library is based on the HuCAL.RTM. concept
(Knappik et al., 2000, J. Mol. Biol. 296(1):57-86) and employs the
CysDisplay.TM. technology for displaying the Fab on the phage
surface (Lohning, WO 01/05950). HuCAL GOLD.RTM. provides the option
of performing selections with six single sub-libraries each
comprising one VH (VH1, VH2, VH3, VH4, VH5, VH6) master gene
combined with all seven VL master genes or performing selections
using combined phage pools. Phage for the 1st round of pannings
were prepared by Hyperphage (M13KO07.DELTA.pIII, obtained from
Progen, Heidelberg, Germany). HuCAL GOLD.RTM. is described in
detail in Christine Rothe, et. al, J. Mol. Biol. (2008) 376,
1182-1200.
[0207] Solid phase panning was performed using recombinant human
4-1BB-Fc (R&D Systems, Cat. No. 838-4B; Minneapolis,
Minn.).
Example 2
Characterizations of FABS
[0208] The characterizations of the four Fabs described in example
1 were determined in the assays described below using the
monovalent Fab-format comprising a Fab having a Flag/His-Tag.
[0209] 2A. Affinity Determined with Solution Equilibrium Titration
(SET) Method
[0210] The affinity (as expressed as K.sub.D) of the four Fabs was
determined using the SET method using an instrumentation from Meso
Scale Discovery ("MSD"). Monomer fractions of antibody protein were
used (at least 90% monomer content, analyzed by analytical SEC;
Superdex75 (Amersham Pharmacia) for Fab, or Tosoh G3000SWXL (Tosoh
Bioscience) for IgG, respectively).
[0211] Affinity determination in solution was basically performed
as described in the literature (Friguet et al. 1985). In order to
improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the SET method, it was
transferred from classical ELISA to ECL based technology (Haenel et
al. 2005).
[0212] 1 mg/ml goat-anti-human (Fab).sub.2 fragment specific
antibodies (Dianova) were labeled with MSD Sulfo-TAG.TM. NHS-Ester
(Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Md., USA) according to
manufacturer's instructions.
[0213] The experiments were carried out in polypropylene microtiter
plates and PBS pH 7.4 with 0.5% BSA and 0.02% Tween 20 as assay
buffer. Unlabeled human 4-1BB was diluted in a 2.sup.n series,
starting with a concentration at least 10 times higher than the
expected K.sub.D. Wells without antigen were used to determine
B.sub.max values; wells with assay buffer were used to determine
background. After addition of, e.g., 30 pM Fab (final concentration
in 60 .mu.L final volume), the mixture was incubated overnight at
room temperature. The Fab concentration applied was similar to or
below the expected K.sub.D.
[0214] Standard MSD plates were coated with 0.05 .mu.g/ml human
4-1BB in PBS (30 .mu.L/well), incubated overnight, and blocked with
3% BSA in PBS for 1 hour. After washing the plate with assay
buffer, the equilibrated samples were transferred to those plates
(30 .mu.L per well) and incubated for 20 minutes. After washing, 30
.mu.L/well of the MSD Sulfo-tag labeled detection antibody (goat
anti-human (Fab).sub.2) in a final dilution of 1:1500 was added to
the MSD plate and incubated for 30 min on an Eppendorf shaker (700
rpm).
[0215] After washing the plate and adding 30 .mu.L/well MSD Read
Buffer T with surfactant, electrochemiluminescence signals were
detected using a Sector Imager 6000 (Meso Scale Discovery,
Gaithersburg, Md., USA).
[0216] The data were evaluated with XLfit (IDBS) software applying
customized fitting models. For K.sub.D determination of Fab
molecules the following fit model was used (Haenel et al., 2005)
and modified according to Abraham et al. (1996, J. Molec. Recog.
9(5-6):456-461):
y = B max - ( B max 2 [ Fab ] t ( [ Fab ] t + x + K D - ( [ Fab ] t
+ x + K D ) 2 - 4 x [ Fab ] t ) ) ##EQU00001##
[0217] [Fab].sub.t: Applied total Fab concentration
[0218] x: Applied total soluble antigen concentration (binding
sites)
[0219] B.sub.max: Maximal signal of Fab without antigen
[0220] K.sub.D: Affinity
[0221] Results are presented in Table 3.
[0222] 2B. Biacore K.sub.D Determination on Directly Coated
Antigen
[0223] For K.sub.D determination, monomeric Fab fractions (at least
90% monomer content, analyzed by analytical SEC; Superdex75,
Amersham Pharmacia) were used as analyte. Binding to immobilized
antigen was analyzed using a BIAcore3000 instrument (Biacore,
Sweden).
[0224] The kinetic rate constants k.sub.on and k.sub.off were
determined with serial dilutions of the respective Fab binding to
covalently immobilized antigen CD137/HUMAN 4-1BB using the Biacore
3000 instrument (Biacore, Uppsala, Sweden). For covalent antigen
immobilization standard EDC-NHS amine coupling chemistry was used.
Kinetic measurements were done in HBS-EP (10 mM HEPES; pH 7.4; 150
mM NaCl; 3 mM EDTA; Tween20 0.005%) at a flow rate of 20
.mu.l/minute using Fab concentrations ranging from about 16 to 500
nM. The injection time for each concentration was 1 minute,
followed by at least 3 minutes dissociation phase. For
regeneration, one or more 5 .mu.l injections of Glycine/HCl pH2
were used.
[0225] For K.sub.D estimation of whole IgG molecules, IgGs were
injected as samples on a F1 sensor chip with a low density of
covalently immobilized human 4-1BB (approx. 130 RU) using a 2.sup.n
serial dilution with concentrations ranging from 16 to 500 nM.
Sensorgrams were evaluated using a bivalent fit model a
qualitatively compared to rank the corresponding K.sub.D
values.
[0226] All sensorgrams were fitted using BIA evaluation software
3.1 (Biacore). Results are presented in Table 3.
[0227] 2C. Binding of Fabs in ELISA Assay The binding of the four
Fabs were determined using standard ELISA techniques on directly
coated human 4-1BB/Fc. Results are presented in Table 3.
[0228] 2D. Binding of Fabs in FACS Assay
[0229] The binding of the four Fabs was determined using standard
FACS assay techniques on HEK293 cells stably transfected and
expressing human 4-1BB as well as 300.19 (murine B-cell line)
negative control cells. The results are presented in Table 3.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Binding Properties of Fabs BIAcore Affinity
SET Affinity ELISA Assay FACS Assay Fab K.sub.D [nM] K.sub.D [pM]
EC50 [nM] EC50 [nM] Fab-6032 66 Not 1.0 270 measured Fab-7361 118
Not 0.6 105 measured Fab-7480 0.5 46 0.7 0.9 Fab-7483 0.7 43 0.6
8.9
Example 3
Characterization of IgGs
[0230] Several Fabs obtained from the panning as described herein,
including Fab-6032, Fab-7361, Fab-7480, and Fab-7483, were selected
for conversion into full length antibodies in IgG1 and IgG4 formats
for further characterizations as described in this example. The
four illustrative antibodies identified in this example, ie.,
MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, and MOR-7483, were converted from
Fab-6032, Fab-7361, Fab-7480, and Fab-7483, respectively. The
antibodies in IgG format were expressed and purified, and then
characterized in ELISA, FACS, and luciferase reporter gene
assays.
[0231] 3A. Conversion to IqG
[0232] In order to express full length IgG, variable domain
fragments of heavy (VH) and light chains (VL) were subcloned from
Fab expression vectors into appropriate pMorph.RTM._hIgG vectors
for human IgG1 and human IgG4.
[0233] 3B. Transient Expression and Purification of Human IqG
[0234] Transient expression of full length human IgG was performed
in HKB11 cells, which were transfected with IgG heavy and light
chain expression vectors at a 1:1 ratio. Cell culture supernatant
was harvested after transfection and upscaled to 3-fold
transfection volume, respectively. Supernatant was cleared by
centrifugation and filtration, and then subjected to standard
protein A affinity chromatography (MabSelect SURE, GE Healthcare).
Proteins were eluted and neutralized. Further downstream processing
involved buffer exchange and sterile filtration. Protein
concentrations were determined by UV-spectrophotometry. Purity of
IgG was analyzed under denaturing, reducing and denaturing,
non-reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE or by using Agilent
BioAnalyzer. HP-SEC was performed to analyze IgG preparations in
native state.
[0235] 3C. Characterization of IgGs in ELISA Assay
[0236] IgGs were used for ELISA binding characterization on human
4-1BB/Fc and mouse 4-1BB/Fc in a direct coated setup. Table 4 below
sets out the ELISA binding results for antibodies MOR-6032,
MOR-7361, MOR-7480, and MOR-7483, all in IgG1 format.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Binding of IgG1s in ELISA Assay Human
4-1BB/Fc Antibody EC.sub.50 [nM] Mouse 4-1BB/Fc MOR-6032 0.2 -
MOR-7361 0.3 - MOR-7480 0.7 (+) MOR-7483 0.9 -
[0237] 3D. Binding Selectivity of Antibodies (FACS Assay)
[0238] The selectivity of antibodies for 4-1BB was assessed against
extracellular domain protein of 4-1BB and other members of the TNFR
superfamily. These receptors included CD40 (TNFRSF5) and OX-40
(CD134, TNFRSF4). IgGs were used for FACS binding characterization
on negative control HEK293 cells, as well as HEK293T-h4-1BB cells
stably transfected and expressing human 4-1BB, and 300.19 stably
transfected cells expressing OX-40, and 300.19 cells stably
transfected and expressing CD40. The FACS binding results for
antibodies MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, and MOR-7483, all in IgG1
format, are presented in Table 5. No significant binding to OX-40
or CD40 was observed at concentrations up to 1000 nM, demonstrating
that the antibodies are at least 100-fold more selective for 4-1BB
versus other related family members tested.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Binding Selectivity of Antibodies (IgG1) in
FACS Assay HEK293T 4-1BB parental 300.19 300.19 300.19 Antibody
EC.sub.50 [nM] HEK293 OX-40 CD40 parental MOR-6032 0.6 - - - -
MOR-7361 0.8 - - - - MOR-7480 0.6 - - - - MOR-7483 0.5 (+) - -
-
[0239] 3E. Characterization of IqGs in Luciferase Reporter Gene
Assay
[0240] IgGs were also characterized for binding in a luciferase
reporter gene assay using HEK293T-h4-1BB cells in a plate bound
assay, a soluble binding assay, and cross-linked binding assay.
Table 6 sets out the results of the luciferase reporter gene assay
for antibodies MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, and MOR-7483, all in
IgG1 format.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Characterization of IgG1 in Luciferase
Reporter Gene Assay Luciferase reporter gene assay of IgGs Antibody
plate-bound soluble cross-linked MOR-6032 +++ - +++ MOR-7361 + -
+++ MOR-7480 + - +++ MOR-7483 + - +++
Example 4
Structural Characterization of Antibodies MOR-6032, MOR-7361,
MOR-7480, and MOR-7483
[0241] The procedures described above in Examples 1-3 were used to
produce several fully human anti-4-1BB IgG2 antibodies, including
antibodies designated as "MOR-6032", "MOR-7361", "MOR-7480", and
"MOR-7483." The cDNA sequences encoding the heavy and light chain
variable regions of the MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, and MOR-7483
monoclonal antibodies were obtained using standard PCR techniques
and were sequenced using standard DNA sequencing techniques.
[0242] The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the heavy chain
variable region, full length heavy chain of the IgG2 subclass,
light chain variable region, and full length light chain of
antibodies MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480, MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2,
MOR-7483, MOR-7483.1, and MOR-7483.2 are provided in this
disclosure; an index of the SEQ ID NOs for these sequences is
provided in Table 1.
[0243] Comparison of the MOR-6032 heavy chain immunoglobulin
sequence to the known human germline immunoglobulin heavy chain
sequences demonstrated that the MOR-6032 heavy chain utilizes a
V.sub.H segment from human germline V.sub.H 1-69, a D segment from
the human germline 4-23, and a JH segment from human germline JH
4a.
[0244] Further analysis of the MOR-6032 V.sub.H sequence using the
Kabat system of CDR region determination led to the delineation of
the H-CDR1, H-CDR2 and H-CDR3 regions as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2
and 3, respectively.
[0245] Comparison of the MOR-7361 heavy chain immunoglobulin
sequence to the known human germline immunoglobulin heavy chain
sequences demonstrated that the 7361 heavy chain utilizes a V.sub.H
segment from human germline V.sub.H 3-23, a D segment from the
human germline 2-8, and a JH segment from human germline JH 4a.
[0246] Further analysis of the MOR-7361 V.sub.H sequence using the
Kabat system of CDR region determination led to the delineation of
the heavy chain H-CDR1, H-CDR2 and H-CDR3 regions as shown in SEQ
ID NOs: 15, 16 and 17, respectively.
[0247] Comparison of the MOR-7480 and MOR-7483 heavy chain
immunoglobulin sequences to the known human germline immunoglobulin
heavy chain sequences demonstrated that the 7480 and 7483 heavy
chains utilize a V.sub.H segment from human germline V.sub.H 5, a D
segment from the human germline 5-18, and a JH segment from human
germline JH 4a.
[0248] Further analysis of the 7480 and 7483 V.sub.H sequences
using the Kabat system of CDR region determination led to the
delineation of the H-CDR1, H-CDR2 and H-CDR3 regions as shown in
SEQ ID NOs: 29, 30 and 31, respectively.
[0249] Comparison of the MOR-6032, MOR-7361, MOR-7480 and MOR-7483
light chain immunoglobulin sequences to the known human germline
immunoglobulin light chain sequences demonstrated that the 6032,
7361, 7480 and 7483 light chains all utilize a V.sub.L segment from
human germline A3-r and a JL segment from human germline JL 3b.
[0250] Further analysis of the MOR-6032 V.sub.L sequence using the
Kabat system of CDR region determination led to the delineation of
the light chain CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 regions as shown in SEQ ID NOs:
6, 7, and 8, respectively.
[0251] Further analysis of the MOR-7361 V.sub.L sequence using the
Kabat system of CDR region determination led to the delineation of
the L-CDR1, L-CDR2 and L-CDR3 regions as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 20,
21, and 22, respectively.
[0252] Further analysis of the MOR-7480 V.sub.L sequence using the
Kabat system of CDR region determination led to the delineation of
the L-CDR1, L-CDR2 and L-CDR3 regions as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 34,
35, and 36, respectively.
[0253] Further analysis of the MOR-7483 V.sub.L sequence using the
Kabat system of CDR region determination led to the delineation of
the L-CDR1, L-CDR2 and L-CDR3 regions as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 34,
35, and 55, respectively.
Example 5
Germlined Versions of Antibodies MOR-7480 and MOR-7483
[0254] In order to minimize immunogenicity of the MOR-7480 and
MOR-7483 antibodies, several amino acid residues were mutated back
to germline sequence, as follows. A germlined version of MOR-7480,
designated MOR-7480.1, was prepared by returning two amino acids in
the FR1 region of the heavy variable chain to germline sequence.
More specifically, Q at amino acid residue number 1 was returned to
the germline E, and K at amino acid residue number 19 was returned
to R. The two amino acid residues that were changed in the heavy
chain variable region can be seen by comparing the amino acid
sequence of MOR-7480 (SEQ ID NO:32) with MOR-7480.1 (SEQ ID NO:43).
In the light chain variable region of MOR-7480, five amino acids in
the FR1 region (D1S, I2Y, A13S,R19S, S21T), two amino acids in the
FR2 region (A42S, V45L), and one in the FR3 region (E80M) were
reverted to germline sequence. The eight amino acids that were
changed in the light chain variable region can be seen by comparing
the amino acid sequence of MOR-7480 (SEQ ID NO:37) with that of
MOR-7480.1 (SEQ ID NO:45).
[0255] Moreover, a third version of MOR-7480 was prepared by
starting with the light chain variable region sequence of
MOR-7480.1 (SEQ ID NO:45) and reverting L45 back to V to produce
MOR-7480.2 (SEQ ID NO:51).
[0256] A "germlined" version of MOR-7483, designated MOR-7483.1,
was prepared by backmutating two amino acids in the FR1 region of
the heavy variable chain to germline sequence. The germlined
versions can be prepared by starting with the germline version of
the antibody chain and then changing the desired amino acids in the
CDRs, or any combination of mutations starting from any version. To
produce MOR-7483.1, Q at amino acid residue number 1 was returned
to the germline E, and K at amino acid residue number 19 was
returned to R. The two amino acid residues that were changed in the
heavy chain variable region can be seen by comparing the sequence
of MOR-7483 (SEQ ID NO:32) with MOR-7483.1 (SEQ ID NO:43). In the
light chain variable region of MOR-7483, five amino acids in the
FR1 region (D1S, I2Y, A135, R195, S21T), two amino acids in the FR2
region (A42S, V45L), and one in the FR3 region (E80M) were reverted
to germline sequence. The eight amino acids that were changed in
the light chain variable region can be seen by comparing the amino
acid sequence of MOR-7483 (SEQ ID NO:56) with that of MOR-7483.1
(SEQ ID NO:60).
[0257] Moreover, a third version of MOR-7483 was prepared by back
mutating L45 of the light chain variable region sequence of
MOR-7483.1 (SEQ ID NO:60) to the germline V45 to produce MOR-7483.2
(SEQ ID NO:64).
Example 6
In Vitro Properties of Antibodies, Including Germlined Versions
[0258] Binding Affinities of Antibodies (BIAcore Assay)
[0259] Binding kinetics of certain antibodies binding human 4-1BB
were measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology using a
Biacore 3000 instrument (GE Healthcare). Recombinant human 4-1BB/Fc
Chimera protein comprising amino acids 24-186 of SEQ ID NO: 68 was
purchased from R&D Systems Inc. (#838-4B). The lyophilized
protein was dissolved in a buffer containing 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM
HEPES pH 8.0, 6 mM MgCl.sub.2, 0.005% polysorbate 20, and 0.5 mM
sodium azide to a final concentration of 80 nM based on the
predicted molecular weight (44.8 kDa) provided by the R&D
Systems. The Fc portion of the molecule was cleaved by treatment
with Bovine Factor Xa (Pierce, #32521) in 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM HEPES
pH 8.0, 6 mM MgCl.sub.2, 0.005% polysorbate 20, 0.5 mM sodium
azide, using a 20 hour incubation at 22.degree. C. with a 3% Factor
Xa (3 .mu.g Factor Xa per 100 .mu.g 4-1BB chimera). The 4-1BB
portion of the molecule comprises amino acid residues 24 though 186
of the human 4-1BB protein. Binding experiments were carried out at
25.degree. C. in a running buffer comprising 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM
HEPES pH 8.0, 6 mM MgCl.sub.2, 0.005% polysorbate 20, and 0.5 mM
sodium azide. Antibodies were immobilized by standard amine
coupling to a CM5 sensorchip (GE Healthcare) using a 0.1 mg/mL
solution of the antibody in 10 mM sodium acetate at pH 5.0. The
4-1BB was injected at a range of concentrations from 80 nM to 0.16
nM, at a 50 .mu.L/minute flow rate, for 3.6 minutes followed by a
26 minute dissociation period using the Kinject feature of the
Biacore 3000 instrument. The bound complex was regenerated by a 1
minute pulse of 10 mM phosphoric acid in water. Data analysis was
performed using the Scrubber2 software (BioLogic Software).
Sensograms were fit to a simple 1:1 Langmuir binding model. The
antibodies were shown to reversibly bind to recombinant human
4-1BB. The results (average values) are presented in Table 7.
[0260] Binding to the Extracellular Domain of 4-1BB (ELISA
Assay)
[0261] Human 4-1BB IgG1Fc chimera (R&D Systems, Minneapolis,
Minn.) was resuspended with Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline
(DPBS) containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) to 0.2 mg/ml and
diluted with DPBS to a final concentration of 0.03 ug/ml.
Nunc-Immuno Maxisorp 96 well plates were coated with 0.1 ml per
well of the recombinant 4-1BB chimera leaving empty wells for
nonspecific binding controls and incubated at 4.degree. C.
overnight. The 4-1BB solution was removed and the plates were
washed three times with 0.2 ml wash buffer (0.05% Tween-20 in
DPBS). 0.2 ml blocking buffer (5% BSA, 0.05% Tween-20 in DPBS) was
added to all wells and incubated at 4.degree. C. for 1 hour with
mixing. The blocking buffer was removed and plates washed three
times with 0.2 ml wash buffer. Serial dilutions of the 4-1BB test
antibodies were prepared in DPBS and 0.1 ml diluted Ab was added
per well. Plates were incubated 1.5 hour at room temperature.
Antibody solution was removed and the plates washed three times
with 0.2 ml wash buffer per well. Horseradish peroxidase labeled
goat anti-human IgG, F(ab')2 specific F(ab')2 antibody (Jackson
Immunoresearch #109-036-097, West Grove, Pa.) was diluted 1:5000
with DPBS and added 0.1 ml per well. The plates were incubated 1
hour at room temperature and washed with 0.2 ml per well wash
buffer. 0.1 ml SureBlue TMB microwell peroxidase substrate
(Kirkegaard & Perry Labs, Gaithersburg, Md.) was added and
incubated for 20 minutes at room temperature. The reaction was
stopped by adding an equal volume of 2M H.sub.2SO.sub.4 and
absorbance was read at 450 nm on a Molecular Devices Spectra Max
340 (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.). The results are
presented in Table 8.
[0262] Ligand Competition Binding (ELISA Assay)
[0263] Antibodies were tested for their ability to block the
binding of the human 4-1BB_IgG1Fc chimera to plate bound
recombinant 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL). Recombinant human 4-1BB ligand
(Biosource/Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) was resuspended to 0.2
mg/mL in DPBS+0.1% bovine serum albumin and then diluted to 1
.mu.g/mL in DPBS. Nunc-Immuno MaxiSorp surface 96 well plates were
coated with 0.1 mL/well of the 4-1BBL solution overnight at
4.degree. C. The following day the 4-1BBL solution was removed and
0.2 mL Blocking buffer (1% bovine serum albumin, 0.05% Tween-20 in
DPBS) added and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours. During
the blocking step the antibody stocks were diluted in a range from
8 ng/mL to 6 .mu.g/mL in DPBS. Recombinant human 4-1BB_IgG1Fc
(R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.) was resuspended to 0.2 mg/mL
in DPBS+0.1% bovine serum albumin and then diluted to 0.02 .mu.g/mL
in DPBS. The blocked 4-1 BBL coated plates were washed three times
with 0.2 mL wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20 in DPBS). 60 .mu.L antibody
dilutions were added along with 60 .mu.L 4-1BB_IgG1 Fc chimera and
incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. Plates were washed as
described previously. Horseradish peroxidase anti-6.times.
Histidine tag antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis Minn.
#MAB050H) was diluted 1:1000 in DPBS, 50 .mu.L of the resulting
solution added to the wells of the washed plates, and incubated at
room temperature for 1 hour. Plates were washed as previously
described, 50 .mu.L TMB substrate solution was added to each well
and incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes. The reaction was
stopped with 50 .mu.L 0.2N H.sub.2SO.sub.4 and absorbance at 450 nm
read using a Molecular Devices plate reader. The results are
presented in Table 8.
Species Cross-Reactivity of Antibodies
[0264] The species-cross reactivity of the exemplary antibodies was
measured using phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated primary
peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of human, cynomolgus
monkey (cyno), dog, and rat. Cells were isolated according to the
procedure described below. Cells (.about.5.0.times.10.sup.5
cells/tube) were washed once in cold wash buffer (PBS, 2% FBS and
0.02% sodium azide) and 100 .mu.l/tube of Alexa Fluor 647
conjugated control or 4-1BB reactive antibodies at 15.5 .mu.g/mL
(100 nM) was added to each sample along with labeled species
specific T cell marker antibodies. The T cell marker antibodies
utilized are as follows, FITC anti-human CD3e (BD Pharmingen,
#555332), FITC anti-rat CD3e (BD Pharmingen, #559975), FITC
anti-rabbit CD4+ FITC anti-rabbit CD8 (AbD Serotec, #MCA799F and
#MCA1576F), FITC anti-dog CD3e (AbD Serotec, #MCA1774F), and PerCP
anti-human/cyno CD3e (BD Pharmingen, #552851). The cells were
incubated in the dark with fluorochrome antibodies on ice for 30
minutes, washed three times and resuspended in 0.3 ml wash buffer
for analysis. Antibody staining was measured and analyzed using a
Becton Dickinson FACS Calibur and FlowJo 8.8.2 software.
[0265] Isolation of Human T Lymphocytes.
[0266] Human whole blood was collected into syringes containing 1
mL 0.5M EDTA and then transferred to Sigma Accuspin tubes (Sigma,
St. Louis, Mo.) for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMC) as described by the manufacturer. The PBMCs were
washed twice with DPBS containing 5 mM EDTA and T lymphocytes were
isolated using a T cell purification column as described by the
manufacturer (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.). Briefly, PBMCs
were resuspended in 2 mL of column buffer and loaded into a
pre-washed T cell isolation column. PBMCs were incubated for 10
minutes at room temperature and T cells were eluted with column
buffer, washed one time and resuspended TCM at 2.times.10.sup.6
cells/mL consisting of RPMI 1640 (Sigma, St Louis, Mo.)
supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.)
and L-glutamine (2 mM), Hepes (10 mM), penicillin (100 U/ml),
streptomycin (50 ug/ml) (Gibco, Grand Island, N.Y.).
[0267] Isolation of Cynomolgus PBMCs.
[0268] Cynomolgus whole blood (Bioreclamation; Hicksville, N.Y.)
was collected in sodium citrate CPT vacutainer tubes (BD; Franklin
Lakes, N.J.) and then spun at 1500.times.g for 20 minutes at room
temperature. Tubes were shipped overnight at 4.degree. C. The PBMC
fraction was collected from the CPT tubes and washed 2.times. with
PBS containing 5 mM EDTA. Following the wash step, PBMCs were
counted and readjusted to 2.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL in tissue
culture medium (TCM). TCM consisted of RPMI 1640 (Sigma, St Louis,
Mo.) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma, St Louis,
Mo.) and L-glutamine (2 mM), HEPES (10 mM), penicillin (100 U/mL),
streptomycin (50 .mu.g/mL) purchased from Gibco (Grand Island,
N.Y.). Cells were stimulated with 10 .mu.g/mL PHA 2-3 days to
induce expression of 4-1BB.
[0269] Isolation of Canine PBMCs.
[0270] Canine whole blood was drawn into heparinized vacutainer
tubes (BD; Franklin Lakes, N.J.) and diluted 1:2 with PBS
containing 5 mM EDTA. After mixing, 4 mL of the diluted blood was
carefully layered over 3 mL Lympholyte-Mammal (Cedarlane
Laboratories, Westbury, N.Y.) and centrifuged 800.times.g for 20
minutes at 25.degree. C. The PBMC interface was collected, washed
twice with PBS and resuspended to 2.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL in TCM
containing PHA at 10 .mu.g/mL (Remel, Lenexa, Kans.). The cells
were cultured for 48-72 hours prior to testing for antibody binding
by flow cytometry.
[0271] Isolation of Rat PBMCs.
[0272] Rat whole blood was drawn into heparinized vacutainer tubes
(BD; Franklin Lakes, N.J.) and diluted 1:3 with PBS containing 5 mM
EDTA. After mixing, 6 mL of the diluted blood was carefully layered
over 4.5 ml Lympholyte-Mammal (Cedarlane Laboratories, Westbury,
N.Y.) and centrifuged 800.times.g for 20 minutes at 25.degree. C.
The PBMC interface was collected, washed twice with PBS and
resuspended to 2.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL in TCM containing PHA at
10 .mu.g/mL (Remel, Lenexa, Kans.). The cells were cultured for
48-72 hours prior to testing for antibody binding by flow
cytometry.
[0273] The binding results are provided in FIG. 1. The antibodies
were found to bind to the human and cyno 4-1BB with high affinity,
while binding to dog and rat 4-1BB was not observed at
concentrations of 100 nM, the highest concentration tested.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Binding Affinities of IgG Antibodies
(Biacore) Antibody k.sub.a (M.sup.-1 s.sup.-1) k.sub.d (s.sup.-1)
K.sub.D (nM) t.sub.1/2 MOR7480 3.6 .times. 10.sup.5 1.5 .times.
10.sup.-4 0.42 82 min (IgG1) MOR7480 4.5 .times. 10.sup.5 2.3
.times. 10.sup.-4 0.57 50 min (IgG2) MOR-7480.1 1.2 .+-. 0.3
.times. 10.sup.6 9.8 .+-. 8.4 .+-. 1.4 1.2 min (IgG1) 0.15 .times.
10.sup.-3 MOR-7480.1 1.4 .+-. 0.06 .times. 1.2 .+-. 0.1 .times.
10.sup.-2 8.7 .+-. 1.0 1.0 min (IgG2) 10.sup.6 MOR-7480.2 9.3
.times. 10.sup.5 4.1 .times. 10.sup.-4 0.4 28 min (IgG1) MOR-7483
6.0 .times. 10.sup.5 4.4 .times. 10.sup.-4 0.73 26 min (IgG1)
MOR-7483 3.0 .times. 10.sup.5 3.8 .times. 10.sup.-4 1.3 1.3 min
(IgG2) MOR-7483.1 8.0 .times. 10.sup.5 0.022 28 32 min (IgG1)
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 ELISA Binding and Ligand Competition Values
Binding ELISA Ligand Competition ELISA EC50 .+-. STD % max IC50
.+-. STD Antibody Isotype (nM) inhibition (nM) MOR-6032 IgG1 0.071
.+-. 0.029 100 .+-. 2 0.153 .+-. 0.067 MOR-6032 IgG4 0.226 .+-.
0.161 100 .+-. 2 0.112 .+-. 0.023 MOR-7361 IgG1 0.091 .+-. 0.010
100 .+-. 2 0.172 .+-. 0.006 MOR-7480 IgG1 0.076 .+-. 0.008 96 .+-.
2 0.122 .+-. 0.019 MOR-7480 IgG2 0.122 .+-. 0.009 98 .+-. 2 0.125
.+-. 0.003 MOR-7483 IgG1 0.073 .+-. 0.024 98 .+-. 2 0.109 .+-.
0.028 MOR-7483 IgG2 0.165 .+-. 0.035 97 .+-. 2 0.138 .+-. 0.015
[0274] Epitope Mapping
[0275] In order to determine the epitope binding region of the
4-1BB agonist antibodies, a series of mutations (Table 9) were made
to the human 4-1BB extracellular domain to the published dog 4-1BB
sequence (Ref. Seq. XM.sub.--845243).
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Mutant of Human 4-1BB Extracellular Domain
Mutant of human 4-1BB extracellular domain Amino Acid Changes
Hu41BB N&E N30K, A56T, G57S, R60K, T61A Hu41BB N30K, D38G,
N39K, R41K, S46I, A56T, G57S, R60K, N&E.1 T61A Hu41BB N30K,
A56T, G57S, R60K, T61A, K69E, R75K, E77V N&E.2 Hu41BB L24I,
P27S, N42S, T89I, P90S, S100T N&E.3 Hu41BB L24I, P27S, N30K,
D38G, N39K, R41K, N42S, S46I, N&E.4 A56T, G57S, R60K, T61A,
K69E, R75K, E77V, T89I, P90S, S100T Hu41BB K115Q, C121R, R134Q,
R154S, V156A N&E.5 Hu41BB S161A, P162S, D164G, L165F, A169T
N&E.6
[0276] All human-to-dog mutations were prepared by Gene Dynamics
LLC, (Portland, Oreg.) in the retroviral expression vector
pMSCVpuro (Clontech Laboratories Mountain View, Calif.).
Additionally the full canine cDNA sequence was prepared via gene
synthesis corresponding to Ref. Seq. XM.sub.--845243.
[0277] Viral preparations were established by transient
transfection of roughly 40-50% confluent 293T cells in T-75 flasks.
Following culture, the viral supernatant was then sterile filtered,
and subjected to concentration. The concentrated virus was
collected and stored at -80.degree. C.
[0278] Logarithmically growing 300-19 cells were transduced with
retrovirus using 1:250 dilution concentrated virus plus 8 ug/ml
polybrene in complete DMEM. Following a 24-hour incubation, 2 ug/ml
puromycin was added to the cultures and maintained during the
course of the study.
[0279] Positive expression of the 4-1BB receptors by the puromycin
selected pools was confirmed by staining with 1 ug/ml polyclonal
goat anti-human 4-1BB antibody (R&D Systems Inc.) plus 1:200
dilution PE labeled donkey anti-goat IgG (H+L) F(ab').sub.2
(Jackson Immunoresearch Inc.). In order to determine recognition of
the mutant 4-1BB receptors by the test antibodies the puromycin
selected pools were stained with 100 nM dilution of the unlabeled
primary antibody on ice for 30 min, followed by two washes with
FACS buffer, and 1:200 dilution species specific PE labeled donkey
anti-IgG (H+L) F(ab').sub.2. Cells were analyzed by FACS using a BD
FACS Calibur and FlowJo 8.8.6 software.
[0280] Relative staining of each cell pool is summarized in Table
10.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Relative Staining of Each Cell Pool Dog Ab
h41BB N&E N&E.1 N&E.2 N&E.3 N&E.4 N&E.5
N&E.6 41BB Goat pAb + + + + + + + + + BBK-2 + + - + + - + + -
JG1.6A + + - + + - + + - 4B4-1 + + - + + - + + - 6032_G1 + + + - +
- + + - 7361_G1 + + + - +/- - + + - 7480_G1 + + + + + + + + +
7480.1_G1 + + + + + + - + - 7480.1_G2 + + + + + + +/- + - 7480.2_G1
+ + + + + + + + + 7483_G1 + + + + + + +/- + +/- 7483_G2 + + + + + +
- + -
[0281] Differentiation of binding between antibodies having similar
sequences (MOR-7480, MOR-7480.1, MOR-7480.2, MOR-7483, and
MOR-7483.1) was discovered within the mutations of clone N&E.5,
suggesting that the determinants for antibody recognition lie
within the mutated region.
[0282] In order to determine the relative affinity of these
antibodies for human 4-1BB extracellular domain and the mutant of
human 4-1BB extracellular domain, mutant N&E.5, a dose response
FACS curve was determined for each antibody. Alexa Fluor 647
labeled MOR 7480, MOR 7480.1, and MOR 7480.2 were diluted in FACS
buffer from 1 uM in an 8 point 1:5 dilution series and used to
stain parental 300-19, hu4-1BB, hu4-1BB N&E.5, and dog 4-1BB
cell pools. The cells were analyzed by FACS using a BD FACS Calibur
and FlowJo 8.8.6 software. The geometric mean fluorescence of each
receptor expressing pool was normalized to staining of parental
cells and expressed as fold staining and an EC50 for dose response
was determined. The EC50 summary is shown in Table 11. Greater than
5 fold decrease in binding for both MOR.sub.--7480.2 and
MOR.sub.--7480 for the human 4-1BB mutant N&E.5 was noted.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Binding EC.sub.50 (nM) of Antibodies 4-1BB
Mutant Antibody (IgG1) Human 4-1BB N&E.5 MOR_7480.1 7.916 n/a
MOR_7480.2 0.510 2.730 MOR_7480 1.68 12.29
[0283] Agonist Activity of Antibodies (Luciferase Activity
Assay)
[0284] 293T cells expressing human 4-1BB along with a stably
integrated NFkB luciferase reporter were prepared. Cells were
harvested, washed and resuspended into phenol red free complete
medium (DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum, HEPES buffer,
nonessential amino acids and L-glutamine) at density of
0.6.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL. 50 .mu.l of cells were plated into
each assay well of a white 96 well plate (PerkinElmer, Waltham,
Mass.). Test antibodies were added to each well in the presence
2.5:1 ratio of a cross linking antibody Fab' goat anti-human IgG Fc
(Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, Pa.). The plate was incubated
5 hours at 37.degree. C. 75 .mu.l of Bright-Glo Luciferase reagent
(Promega, Madison Wis.) was added and the amount of luciferase
activity was measured using a Packard TopCount NXT scintillation
counter.
[0285] 293T cells expressing cynomologous monkey 4-1BB were
prepared by viral transduction and selection of a stable pool with
2 .mu.g/ml puromycin. Cyno 4-1BB expressing 293T cells were plated
in a T-75 flask to roughly 60-70% confluency then transfected with
10 .mu.g pLuc.sub.--6xNFkB plus 0.1 .mu.g pRL-CMV as a transfection
control. Transfections were performed using Fugene 6 transfection
reagent (Roche Indianapolis, Ind.) at a 6 .mu.l Fugene to 1 .mu.g
plasmid DNA ratio according to manufacturer instructions. Cells
were harvested the following day washed and resuspended into phenol
red free complete medium (DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum,
nonessential amino acids and L-glutamine) at density of
0.6.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL. 50 .mu.l of cells were plated into
each assay well of a white 96 well plate (PerkinElmer, Waltham,
Mass.). Test antibodies were added to each well in the presence
2.5:1 ratio of a cross linking Fab' goat anti-human IgG Fc antibody
(Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, Pa.). The plate was incubated
hours at 37.degree. C. 75 .mu.l of luciferase assay reagent was
added and the amount of firefly luciferase activity was measured
using a Packard TopCount NXT scintillation counter. Additionally,
75 .mu.l of Stop & Glo reagent was added to assess the renilla
luciferase activity. The amount of renilla luciferase activity was
measured using a Pakcard TopCount NXT scintillation counter.
Results are presented in FIG. 2.
[0286] Aqonist Activity of Antibodies (Primary T Cell IL-2 Release
Assay)
[0287] Nunc Maxisorp 96 well plates were UV sterilized prior to
plate coating. Test antibodies were diluted in PBS to 60 .mu.g/ml.
0.2 ml of the diluted Ab was divided to 2 wells of a polypropylene
96 well plate and serially diluted 1:3. 50 .mu.l of the diluted Ab
were added to the sterile Maxisorp 96 well assay plate and
immediately 50 .mu.l of 20 .mu.g/ml anti-human CD3c clone UCHT1 was
added (Biolegend San Diego, Calif.). All plates were then incubated
overnight at 4.degree. C. The following day, Ab coated plates were
washed 1.times. with PBS and 0.15 ml RPMI complete media was added
to the wells of the Nunc Maxisorp plates. Human T cells were
isolated as described previously elsewhere herein and 50 .mu.l
purified T cells at 2.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml (100,000 cells/well)
were added to each well. Cells were incubated at 37.degree. C., 5%
CO.sub.2 for 3 days. Supernatant from each well was collected and
either assayed immediately or stored at -20.degree. C. prior to
assay. Supernatants were diluted with complete media prior to IL-2
ELISA assay (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.). Results are
presented in FIG. 3.
Example 7
Human Leukocyte Expansion Induced by 4-1BB Antibodies In Vivo
[0288] The lack of detectable cross-reactivity of the 4-1BB
antibodies with the murine 4-1BB and the requirement for the
presence of human immune cells required the development of models
for the in vivo functional assessment of the 4-1BB antibodies. Mice
with the NOD genetic background carrying the severe combined
immunodeficient (SCID) mutation and deficiency in the IL-2 receptor
common gamma chain (commonly termed NSG) are able to support the
engraftment of large number of human peripheral blood leukocytes
(huPBL) and maintain engraftment for at least 30 days (King, 2008,
Clin. Immunol. 126:303-314). This mouse model, also known as
huPBL-NSG model, was used to assess the functional effect of in
vivo systemic administration of the antibodies on human immune
cells. Specifically, 6 million freshly isolated human PBMCs were
adoptively transferred via intraveinous injection into
NOD.Cg-Prkdc.sup.scid II2rg.sup.tmlWjl/SzJ (NSG) host mice. Nine
days post PBMC injections, the animals were administered a single 1
mg/kg dose of MOR7480, MOR7480.1 or IgG2 isotype control antibody
via intraperitoneal injection. At day 24 to 28 post PBMC
engraftment, PBMC were stained with antibodies to human and murine
CD45 assessed via flow cytometry. Forward and side scatter profiles
were used to determine a lymphocyte gate. As shown in FIG. 4,
MOR7480 and MOR7480.1 were able to enhance expansion of human
leukocytes as evidenced by increased proportion of human CD45+
cells in the peripheral blood of engrafted mice. For each group,
n.gtoreq.6 mice.
[0289] In addition, MOR7480.1 treatment of cynomolgus monkeys
increased proliferation among cytotoxic central memory T cells (CD8
T.sub.CM) in PBMC samples. Cynomolgus monkeys (2 animals per dose
level) were given a single intravenous injection of MOR7480.1 at
the indicated dose. PBMC were harvested 7 days prior to the
antibody dose (pre dose) and on the indicated study days relative
to administration of MOR7480.1 (on Study Day 1). PBMC were stained
with antibodies for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD28, CD95, and Ki-67 and
analyzed via flow cytometry. Data was collected on a Canto II
(Beckton Dickinson) and analyzed using DIVA software (Becton
Dickinson). CD8 central memory cells were identified as CD3+, CD8+,
CD28+ and CD95+. Data is shown for individual animals designated as
(dose level-animal number) and is represented as intra-animal
change in the number of Ki-67+ cells relative to pre study number
{[(#Ki-67+ cells on indicated study day-#Ki-67+ cells at pre
dose)/#Ki-67+ cells at pre dose]*100}. As shown in FIG. 5, A 1.5
fold or greater increase in proliferating central memory T cells
during the first 7-13 days of study was noted in at least one
animal of all groups treated with 0.3 mg/kg or greater.
Example 8
Anti-Tumor Activity of 4-1BB Antibodies (In Vivo Model)
[0290] PC3 Human Prostate Cancer Model.
[0291] The lack of rodent cross reactivity of the 4-1BB antibodies
prevented the use of standard murine syngeneic or human xenograft
tumor models for the assessment of anti-human tumor efficacy of the
antibodies. Accordingly, a novel huPBL-SCID-Bg xenogenic tumor
mouse model was generated using a SCID-Bg mouse (CB.17/Icr.Cg
Pkrdc.sup.scidLyst.sup.bg/CrI), which harbors the beige (Bg)
mutation lack murine T and B lymphocytes and functional NK cells.
The anti-human tumor efficacy of the 4-1BB antibodies was assessed
using this model as described below.
[0292] The PC3 human prostate or LOVO human colon cell line was
obtained from American Type Culture Collection and was cultured in
RPMI-1640 (Invitrogen) enriched with the following Invitrogen
supplements: L-Glutamine, Sodium pyruvate, non-essential amino
acids, penicillin/streptomycin, Hepes, and 10% heat inactivated
fetal bovine serum (FBS; Cat. No. F2442, Sigma Aldrich). Cells were
grown to confluency in T-225 Falcon flasks. Subsequently, cells
were trypsinized (Trypsin 0.25%-EDTA; Cat. No. 2500-056,
Invitrogen) and growth was scaled up in Hyperflasks (Cat. No. 3319
Corning Life Sciences) for three days. Trypsin was used to harvest
the cell line which was washed 3 times in ice cold PRMI
supplemented with 10% FBS. No greater than 300 ml of peripheral
blood was collected from healthy volunteers. Peripheral blood
lymphocytes (PBMCs) were isolated from heparinized blood using
Accuspin tubes in accordance with the manufactures' protocol (Cat.
No. A0561-100.times.15 ml, Aldrich). Counted cell suspensions were
combined such that each mouse received an injection of
1.5.times.10.sup.6 PBMCs and 3.times.10.sup.6 tumor cells in a
single bolus injection of 0.2 mL in PBS. The combined cell
suspension was washed twice with cold PBS, placed on ice and
immediately injected into prepared mice.
[0293] For each mouse, a 0.2 mL volume of the combined cell
suspension was injected subcutaneously into the right flank of the
animal and given a single dose (0.2 mL) of the 4-1BB antibody or
control antibody by subcutaneous injection into the left flank.
Tumor measurements were made via Pressier caliper twice per week
for the duration of the experiments and body weights were also
recorded. Tumor volume was calculated using the following
calculation: length.times.width.sup.2.times.0.44=volume (mm.sup.3)
Mice were removed from the study in the event that the tumor volume
reached 2000 mm.sup.3 or an animal lost 20% of body weight before
termination of the experiment. On day 23 mice from all groups were
euthanized in accordance with procedures outlined by the IACUC
(FIG. 6). Percent tumor growth inhibition was measured on the final
day of the study and is calculated as 100-{1-(Treated.sub.final
day/COntrol.sub.final day)}. Similar results were observed when
tumors were measured on day 6 post injection, and the animals were
randomized according to tumor volume, and given a single 4-1BB mAb
dose on day 7 post implantation. For most studies, each group
contained 8 mice.
Example 9
In Vivo Assessment of Activity of 4-1BB Antibodies in Human 4-1BB
Knock in Mice
Generation of Human 4-1BB Knock-in Mice
[0294] To better address the immune modulating activities of
anti-human 4-1BB monoclonal antibodies that do not cross react with
murine 4-1BB, a mouse model in which the mouse 4-1BB gene was
replaced by the human 4-1BB gene was generated. Bacterial
artificial chromosome (BAC) clones carrying the human or murine
4-1BB genomic fragment were ordered from Invitrogen (Carlsbad,
Calif.) and used to construct the 4-1BB targeting vector based on
the Red/ET recombination technology (Zhang, 1998, Nat Genet.
20:123-128). First, a retrieval vector was assembled on the pBR322
backbone such that, when opened by Xba1 digestion, the two
murine/human chimeric homology arms (400 bps each) will retrieve
from the human 4-1BB BAC clone the 19,994 bps of human 4-1BB
genomic sequence beginning with the translation start codon ATG
located in exon 2 and ending with the stop codon TGA in exon 8.
Second, a neomycin expression cassette under the control of the
PGK/EM7 promoters was assembled and flanked by 100 base pairs (bps)
of sequences homologous to intron 2 sequences of the human 4-1BB
gene. This neomycin expression cassette was then targeted into the
retrieved human 4-1BB genomic fragment obtained in step 1. Lastly,
the retrieved human 4-1BB genomic fragment carrying the neomycin
expression cassette was targeted into a murine BAC clone to replace
the murine 4-1BB gene with the modified human 4-1BB genomic
fragment from ATG start codon to TGA stop codon.
[0295] This BAC targeting vector was electroporated into a mouse
embryonic stem cell line on the C57BL/6NTAC background (PRX-BL6N
#1, Primogenix, Laurie, Mo.) following a standard protocol and
clones surviving G418 (also known as geneticin) selection were
screened by two Taqman assays against intron 2 and exon 8 of the
murine 4-1BB gene to identify clones that had been modified at the
murine 4-1BB locus by a homologous recombination mechanism Of the
116 ES clones screened, 7 clones were found to have lost one allele
of the murine 4-1BB locus (targeting efficiency 6%). Karyotype
analysis and in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed by Coriell
Institute for Medical Research (Camden, N.J.). For clone LH15, 19
out of 20 cells were 40 XY, and for LH80, 20 out of 20 cells 40XY.
In both clones, FISH using a murine BAC clone carrying the 4-1BB
gene as a probe showed one signal of 4-1BB hybridization on each of
the chromosome 4 pair in the region of band E2. No signal was seen
at any other locations.
[0296] Both clones LH15 and LH80 were injected into blastocysts of
the BALB/c strain and embryos implanted into the CD1 pseudopregnant
female mice to carry to term. Male chimeras were mated to the
Ella-cre mice on C57BL/6 background to remove the neomycin
resistance cassette and mice homozygous for the human 4-1BB gene
were used in study.
4-1BB Aqonist mAb Mediated Lymphocyte Proliferation.
[0297] The ability of 4-1BB agonist mAbs to induce lymphocyte
proliferation was assessed in 4-1BB Knock-in mice. 4-1BB Knock-in
mice were dosed via intraperitoneal injection with 30 mg/kg of
MOR7480.1 on study Day 0 (for weekly dosing animals received 4-1BB
mAb injections on Day 0 and Day7). 24 hours prior to sample
collection, animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg BrdU.
At the indicated day post dose, peripheral blood samples were
collected via intracardiac puncture. PBMC were stained with
antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, and BrdU and assessed via flow
cytometry. Results are presented in FIG. 7 panel A.
4-1BB Agonist mAb Mediated Anti-Tumor Efficacy
[0298] Anti-tumor efficacy of MOR7480.1 was assessed in 4-1BB knock
in mice using B16-OVA/luc, a melanoma line that has been engineered
to express the ovalbumin (OVA) model antigen and luciferase (luc).
One million tumor cells were implanted on the flank of 4-1BB knock
in mice. Animals were randomized based on tumor size on when tumors
reached approximately 50-100 mm.sup.3 (generally 7-10 days post
tumor inoculation) and given a single injection of the indicated
dose of 4-1BB mAb. Tumor size was assessed using caliper
measurement two to three times per week until study termination.
Results are presented in FIG. 7 panel B.
Sequence CWU 1
1
7416PRTHomo sapien 1Asn Ser Tyr Ala Ile Ser 1 5 217PRTHomo sapien
2Gly Ile Ile Pro Gly Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1
5 10 15 Gly 311PRTHomo sapien 3Arg Lys Asn Glu Glu Asp Gly Gly Phe
Asp His 1 5 10 4119PRTHomo sapien 4Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly
Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys
Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Phe Asn Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Ile Ser Trp
Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly
Ile Ile Pro Gly Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60
Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65
70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Lys Asn Glu Glu Asp Gly Gly Phe Asp His
Trp Gly Gln Gly 100 105 110 Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115
5445PRTHomo sapien 5Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys
Lys Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly
Gly Thr Phe Asn Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala
Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly Ile Ile Pro Gly
Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val
Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu
Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95
Ala Arg Lys Asn Glu Glu Asp Gly Gly Phe Asp His Trp Gly Gln Gly 100
105 110 Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe 115 120 125 Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr
Ala Ala Leu 130 135 140 Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro
Val Thr Val Ser Trp 145 150 155 160 Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly
Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu 165 170 175 Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr
Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser 180 185 190 Ser Asn Phe Gly
Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro 195 200 205 Ser Asn
Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val Glu Arg Lys Cys Cys Val Glu 210 215 220
Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Val Ala Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu 225
230 235 240 Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr
Pro Glu 245 250 255 Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp
Pro Glu Val Gln 260 265 270 Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val
His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys 275 280 285 Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser
Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu 290 295 300 Thr Val Val His Gln Asp
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys 305 310 315 320 Val Ser Asn
Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys 325 330 335 Thr
Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser 340 345
350 Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys
355 360 365 Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn
Gly Gln 370 375 380 Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Met Leu
Asp Ser Asp Gly 385 390 395 400 Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr
Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln 405 410 415 Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys
Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn 420 425 430 His Tyr Thr Gln Lys
Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys 435 440 445 611PRTHomo sapien 6Ser
Gly Asp Asn Leu Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Ala Ser 1 5 10 77PRTHomo sapien
7Asp Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5 810PRTHomo sapien 8Gln Thr Trp Asp
Gly Thr Leu His Phe Val 1 5 10 9107PRTHomo sapien 9Asp Ile Glu Leu
Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala
Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30
Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35
40 45 Asp Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly
Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr
Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Thr Trp Asp
Gly Thr Leu His Phe 85 90 95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr
Val Leu 100 105 10213PRTHomo sapien 10Asp Ile Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro
Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser
Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Leu Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Ala 20 25 30 Ser Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Asp
Asp Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55
60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu
65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Thr Trp Asp Gly Thr Leu
His Phe 85 90 95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly
Gln Pro Lys Ala 100 105 110 Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser
Ser Glu Glu Leu Gln Ala 115 120 125 Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu
Ile Ser Asp Phe Tyr Pro Gly Ala 130 135 140 Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys
Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly Val 145 150 155 160 Glu Thr Thr
Thr Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr Ala Ala Ser 165 170 175 Ser
Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His Arg Ser Tyr 180 185
190 Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val Ala
195 200 205 Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 210 11357DNAHomo sapien
11caggtgcaat tggttcagtc tggcgcggaa gtgaaaaaac cgggcagcag cgtgaaagtg
60agctgcaaag cctccggagg cacttttaat tcttatgcta tttcttgggt gcgccaagcc
120cctgggcagg gtctcgagtg gatgggcggt atcattccgg gttttggcac
tgcgaattac 180gcgcagaagt ttcagggccg ggtgaccatt accgcggatg
aaagcaccag caccgcgtat 240atggaactga gcagcctgcg tagcgaagat
acggccgtgt attattgcgc gcgtaagaat 300gaggaggatg gtggttttga
tcattggggc caaggcaccc tggtgacggt tagctca 35712321DNAHomo sapien
12gatatcgaac tgacccagcc gccttcagtg agcgttgcac caggtcagac cgcgcgtatc
60tcgtgtagcg gcgataatct tggtgattat tatgcttctt ggtaccagca gaaacccggg
120caggcgccag ttcttgtgat ttatgatgat tctaatcgtc cctcaggcat
cccggaacgc 180tttagcggat ccaacagcgg caacaccgcg accctgacca
ttagcggcac tcaggcggaa 240gacgaagcgg attattattg ccagacttgg
gatggtactc ttcattttgt gtttggcggc 300ggcacgaagt taaccgttct t
321131335DNAHomo sapien 13caggtgcaat tggttcagtc tggcgcggaa
gtgaaaaaac cgggcagcag cgtgaaagtg 60agctgcaaag cctccggagg cacttttaat
tcttatgcta tttcttgggt gcgccaagcc 120cctgggcagg gtctcgagtg
gatgggcggt atcattccgg gttttggcac tgcgaattac 180gcgcagaagt
ttcagggccg ggtgaccatt accgcggatg aaagcaccag caccgcgtat
240atggaactga gcagcctgcg tagcgaagat acggccgtgt attattgcgc
gcgtaagaat 300gaggaggatg gtggttttga tcattggggc caaggcaccc
tggtgacggt tagctcagcc 360tccaccaagg gcccatcggt cttccccctg
gcgccctgct ccaggagcac ctccgagagc 420acagcggccc tgggctgcct
ggtcaaggac tacttccccg aaccggtgac ggtgtcgtgg 480aactcaggcg
ctctgaccag cggcgtgcac accttcccgg ctgtcctaca gtcctcagga
540ctctactccc tcagcagcgt agtgaccgtg ccctccagca acttcggcac
ccagacctac 600acctgcaacg tagatcacaa gcccagcaac accaaggtgg
acaagacagt tgagcgcaaa 660tgttgtgtcg agtgcccacc gtgcccagca
ccacctgtgg caggaccgtc agtcttcctc 720ttccccccaa aacccaagga
caccctcatg atctcccgga cccctgaggt cacgtgcgtg 780gtggtggacg
tgagccacga agaccccgag gtccagttca actggtacgt ggacggcgtg
840gaggtgcata atgccaagac aaagccacgg gaggagcagt tcaacagcac
gttccgtgtg 900gtcagcgtcc tcaccgtcgt gcaccaggac tggctgaacg
gcaaggagta caagtgcaag 960gtctccaaca aaggcctccc agcccccatc
gagaaaacca tctccaaaac caaagggcag 1020ccccgagaac cacaggtgta
caccctgccc ccatcccggg aggagatgac caagaaccag 1080gtcagcctga
cctgcctggt caaaggcttc taccccagcg acatcgccgt ggagtgggag
1140agcaatgggc agccggagaa caactacaag accacacctc ccatgctgga
ctccgacggc 1200tccttcttcc tctacagcaa gctcaccgtg gacaagagca
ggtggcagca ggggaacgtc 1260ttctcatgct ccgtgatgca tgaggctctg
cacaaccact acacacagaa gagcctctcc 1320ctgtctccgg gtaaa
133514639DNAHomo sapien 14gatatcgaac tgacccagcc gccttcagtg
agcgttgcac caggtcagac cgcgcgtatc 60tcgtgtagcg gcgataatct tggtgattat
tatgcttctt ggtaccagca gaaacccggg 120caggcgccag ttcttgtgat
ttatgatgat tctaatcgtc cctcaggcat cccggaacgc 180tttagcggat
ccaacagcgg caacaccgcg accctgacca ttagcggcac tcaggcggaa
240gacgaagcgg attattattg ccagacttgg gatggtactc ttcattttgt
gtttggcggc 300ggcacgaagt taaccgttct tggtcagccc aaggctgccc
cctcggtcac tctgttccca 360ccctcctctg aggagcttca agccaacaag
gccacactgg tgtgtctcat aagtgacttc 420tacccgggag ccgtgacagt
ggcctggaag gcagatagca gccccgtcaa ggcgggagtg 480gagaccacca
caccctccaa acaaagcaac aacaagtacg cggccagcag ctacctgagc
540ctgacgcctg agcagtggaa gtcccacaga agctacagct gccaggtcac
gcatgaaggg 600agcaccgtgg agaagacagt ggcccctaca gaatgttca
639156PRTHomo sapien 15Ser Asp Tyr Tyr Met His 1 5 1617PRTHomo
sapien 16Val Ile Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser
Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly 1710PRTHomo sapien 17Arg Leu Tyr Ala Gln Phe
Glu Gly Asp Phe 1 5 10 18118PRTHomo sapien 18Gln Val Gln Leu Val
Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg
Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Tyr
Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40
45 Ser Val Ile Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val
50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr
Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Leu Tyr Ala Gln Phe Glu Gly Asp
Phe Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110 Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115
19444PRTHomo sapien 19Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu
Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Tyr Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Val Ile Ser Gly
Ser Gly Ser Asn Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Arg Leu Tyr Ala Gln Phe Glu Gly Asp Phe Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
100 105 110 Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe Pro 115 120 125 Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr
Ala Ala Leu Gly 130 135 140 Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro
Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn 145 150 155 160 Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly
Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln 165 170 175 Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr
Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser 180 185 190 Asn Phe Gly
Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser 195 200 205 Asn
Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val Glu Arg Lys Cys Cys Val Glu Cys 210 215
220 Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Val Ala Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe
225 230 235 240 Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr
Pro Glu Val 245 250 255 Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp
Pro Glu Val Gln Phe 260 265 270 Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val
His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro 275 280 285 Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser
Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr 290 295 300 Val Val His Gln Asp
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val 305 310 315 320 Ser Asn
Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr 325 330 335
Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg 340
345 350 Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys
Gly 355 360 365 Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn
Gly Gln Pro 370 375 380 Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Met Leu
Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser 385 390 395 400 Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr
Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln 405 410 415 Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys
Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His 420 425 430 Tyr Thr Gln Lys
Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys 435 440 2011PRTHomo sapien 20Ser
Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Ser Lys Tyr Val Ser 1 5 10 217PRTHomo sapien
21Ser Asp Ser Glu Arg Pro Ser 1 5 2210PRTHomo sapien 22Gln Ser Trp
Asp Gly Ser Ile Ser Arg Val 1 5 10 23107PRTHomo sapien 23Asp Ile
Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15
Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Ser Lys Tyr Val 20
25 30 Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile
Tyr 35 40 45 Ser Asp Ser Glu Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe
Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser
Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser
Trp Asp Gly Ser Ile Ser Arg 85 90 95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys
Leu Thr Val Leu 100 105 24213PRTHomo sapien 24Asp Ile Glu Leu Thr
Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Arg
Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Ser Lys Tyr Val 20 25 30 Ser
Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40
45 Ser Asp Ser Glu Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln
Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser Trp Asp Gly
Ser Ile Ser Arg 85 90 95 Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val
Leu Gly Gln Pro Lys Ala 100 105 110 Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro
Pro Ser Ser Glu Glu Leu Gln Ala 115 120 125 Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val
Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe Tyr Pro Gly Ala 130 135
140 Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly Val
145 150 155 160 Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr
Ala Ala Ser 165 170 175 Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys
Ser His Arg Ser Tyr 180 185 190 Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser
Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val Ala 195 200 205 Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 210
25354DNAHomo sapien 25caggtgcaat tggtggaaag cggcggcggc ctggtgcaac
cgggcggcag cctgcgtctg 60agctgcgcgg cctccggatt taccttttct gattattata
tgcattgggt gcgccaagcc 120cctgggaagg gtctcgagtg ggtgagcgtt
atctctggtt ctggtagcaa tacctattat 180gcggatagcg tgaaaggccg
ttttaccatt tcacgtgata attcgaaaaa caccctgtat 240ctgcaaatga
acagcctgcg tgcggaagat acggccgtgt attattgcgc gcgtctttat
300gctcagtttg agggtgattt ttggggccaa ggcaccctgg tgacggttag ctca
35426327DNAHomo sapien 26gatatcgaac tgacccagcc gccttcagtg
agcgttgcac caggtcagac cgcgcgtatc 60tcgtgtagcg gcgataatat tggttctaag
tatgtttctt ggtaccagca gaaacccggg 120caggcgccag ttcttgtgat
ttattctgat tctgagcgtc cctcaggcat cccggaacgc 180tttagcggat
ccaacagcgg caacaccgcg accctgacca ttagcggcac tcaggcggaa
240gacgaagcgg attattattg ccagtcttgg gatggttcta tttctcgtgt
gtttggcggc 300ggcacgaagt taaccgtcct aggtcag 327271332DNAHomo sapien
27caggtgcaat tggtggaaag cggcggcggc ctggtgcaac cgggcggcag cctgcgtctg
60agctgcgcgg cctccggatt taccttttct gattattata tgcattgggt gcgccaagcc
120cctgggaagg gtctcgagtg ggtgagcgtt atctctggtt ctggtagcaa
tacctattat 180gcggatagcg tgaaaggccg ttttaccatt tcacgtgata
attcgaaaaa caccctgtat 240ctgcaaatga acagcctgcg tgcggaagat
acggccgtgt attattgcgc gcgtctttat 300gctcagtttg agggtgattt
ttggggccaa ggcaccctgg tgacggttag ctcagcctcc 360accaagggcc
catcggtctt ccccctggcg ccctgctcca ggagcacctc cgagagcaca
420gcggccctgg gctgcctggt caaggactac ttccccgaac cggtgacggt
gtcgtggaac 480tcaggcgctc tgaccagcgg cgtgcacacc ttcccggctg
tcctacagtc ctcaggactc 540tactccctca gcagcgtagt gaccgtgccc
tccagcaact tcggcaccca gacctacacc 600tgcaacgtag atcacaagcc
cagcaacacc aaggtggaca agacagttga gcgcaaatgt 660tgtgtcgagt
gcccaccgtg cccagcacca cctgtggcag gaccgtcagt cttcctcttc
720cccccaaaac ccaaggacac cctcatgatc tcccggaccc ctgaggtcac
gtgcgtggtg 780gtggacgtga gccacgaaga ccccgaggtc cagttcaact
ggtacgtgga cggcgtggag 840gtgcataatg ccaagacaaa gccacgggag
gagcagttca acagcacgtt ccgtgtggtc 900agcgtcctca ccgtcgtgca
ccaggactgg ctgaacggca aggagtacaa gtgcaaggtc 960tccaacaaag
gcctcccagc ccccatcgag aaaaccatct ccaaaaccaa agggcagccc
1020cgagaaccac aggtgtacac cctgccccca tcccgggagg agatgaccaa
gaaccaggtc 1080agcctgacct gcctggtcaa aggcttctac cccagcgaca
tcgccgtgga gtgggagagc 1140aatgggcagc cggagaacaa ctacaagacc
acacctccca tgctggactc cgacggctcc 1200ttcttcctct acagcaagct
caccgtggac aagagcaggt ggcagcaggg gaacgtcttc 1260tcatgctccg
tgatgcatga ggctctgcac aaccactaca cacagaagag cctctccctg
1320tctccgggta aa 133228327DNAHomo sapien 28gatatcgaac tgacccagcc
gccttcagtg agcgttgcac caggtcagac cgcgcgtatc 60tcgtgtagcg gcgataatat
tggttctaag tatgtttctt ggtaccagca gaaacccggg 120caggcgccag
ttcttgtgat ttattctgat tctgagcgtc cctcaggcat cccggaacgc
180tttagcggat ccaacagcgg caacaccgcg accctgacca ttagcggcac
tcaggcggaa 240gacgaagcgg attattattg ccagtcttgg gatggttcta
tttctcgtgt gtttggcggc 300ggcacgaagt taaccgtcct aggtcag
327296PRTHomo sapien 29Ser Thr Tyr Trp Ile Ser 1 5 3017PRTHomo
sapien 30Lys Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asp Ser Tyr Thr Asn Tyr Ser Pro Ser
Phe Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly 318PRTHomo sapien 31Arg Gly Tyr Gly Ile Phe
Asp Tyr 1 5 32116PRTHomo sapien 32Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly
Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Glu 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Lys Ile Ser Cys
Lys Gly Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Ser Thr Tyr 20 25 30 Trp Ile Ser Trp
Val Arg Gln Met Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Lys
Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asp Ser Tyr Thr Asn Tyr Ser Pro Ser Phe 50 55 60
Gln Gly Gln Val Thr Ile Ser Ala Asp Lys Ser Ile Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65
70 75 80 Leu Gln Trp Ser Ser Leu Lys Ala Ser Asp Thr Ala Met Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Gly Tyr Gly Ile Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln
Gly Thr Leu Val 100 105 110 Thr Val Ser Ser 115 33442PRTHomo sapien
33Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Glu 1
5 10 15 Ser Leu Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Gly Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Ser Thr
Tyr 20 25 30 Trp Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Met Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu
Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Lys Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asp Ser Tyr Thr Asn
Tyr Ser Pro Ser Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Gln Val Thr Ile Ser Ala Asp
Lys Ser Ile Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Trp Ser Ser Leu Lys
Ala Ser Asp Thr Ala Met Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Gly Tyr Gly
Ile Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val 100 105 110 Thr Val Ser
Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala 115 120 125 Pro
Cys Ser Arg Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu 130 135
140 Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly
145 150 155 160 Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu
Gln Ser Ser 165 170 175 Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val
Pro Ser Ser Asn Phe 180 185 190 Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val
Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr 195 200 205 Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val Glu
Arg Lys Cys Cys Val Glu Cys Pro Pro 210 215 220 Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro
Val Ala Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro 225 230 235 240 Lys Pro
Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys 245 250 255
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp 260
265 270 Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg
Glu 275 280 285 Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu
Thr Val Val 290 295 300 His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys
Cys Lys Val Ser Asn 305 310 315 320 Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu
Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly 325 330 335 Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln
Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu 340 345 350 Met Thr Lys Asn
Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr 355 360 365 Pro Ser
Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn 370 375 380
Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Met Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe 385
390 395 400 Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn 405 410 415 Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His
Asn His Tyr Thr 420 425 430 Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
435 440 3411PRTHomo sapien 34Ser Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr
Ala His 1 5 10 357PRTHomo sapien 35Gln Asp Lys Asn Arg Pro Ser 1 5
3611PRTHomo sapien 36Ala Thr Tyr Thr Gly Phe Gly Ser Leu Ala Val 1
5 10 37108PRTHomo sapien 37Asp Ile Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val
Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly
Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Lys Asn
Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser
Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80
Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Thr Tyr Thr Gly Phe Gly Ser Leu 85
90 95 Ala Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu 100 105
38214PRTHomo sapien 38Asp Ile Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser
Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly Asp
Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Lys Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Thr Tyr Thr Gly Phe Gly Ser Leu 85 90
95 Ala Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Gln Pro Lys
100 105 110 Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu Glu
Leu Gln 115 120 125 Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp
Phe Tyr Pro Gly 130 135 140 Ala Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser
Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly 145 150 155 160 Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser
Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr Ala Ala 165 170 175 Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser
Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His Arg Ser 180 185 190 Tyr Ser Cys
Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val 195 200 205 Ala
Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 210 39348DNAHomo sapien 39caggtgcaat tggttcagag
cggcgcggaa gtgaaaaaac cgggcgaaag cctgaaaatt 60agctgcaaag gttccggata
ttccttttct acttattgga tttcttgggt gcgccagatg 120cctgggaagg
gtctcgagtg gatgggcaag atctatccgg gtgatagcta taccaattat
180tctccgagct ttcagggcca ggtgactatt agcgcggata aaagcattag
caccgcgtat 240cttcaatgga gcagcctgaa agcgagcgat acggccatgt
attattgtgc gcgtggttat 300ggtatttttg attattgggg ccaaggcacc
ctggtcaccg tctcctca 34840324DNAHomo sapien 40gatatcgaac tgacccagcc
gccttcagtg agcgttgcac caggtcagac cgcgcgtatc 60tcgtgtagcg gcgataatat
tggtgatcag tatgctcatt ggtaccagca gaaacccggg 120caggcgccag
ttgttgtgat ttatcaggat aagaatcgtc cctcaggcat cccggaacgc
180tttagcggat ccaacagcgg caacaccgcg accctgacca ttagcggcac
tcaggcggaa 240gacgaagcgg attattattg cgctacttat actggttttg
gttctcttgc tgtgtttggc 300ggcggcacga agttaaccgt ccta
324411326DNAHomo sapien 41caggtgcaat tggttcagag cggcgcggaa
gtgaaaaaac cgggcgaaag cctgaaaatt 60agctgcaaag gttccggata ttccttttct
acttattgga tttcttgggt gcgccagatg 120cctgggaagg gtctcgagtg
gatgggcaag atctatccgg gtgatagcta taccaattat 180tctccgagct
ttcagggcca ggtgactatt agcgcggata aaagcattag caccgcgtat
240cttcaatgga gcagcctgaa agcgagcgat acggccatgt attattgtgc
gcgtggttat 300ggtatttttg attattgggg ccaaggcacc ctggtcaccg
tctcctcagc ctccaccaag 360ggcccatcgg tcttccccct ggcgccctgc
tccaggagca cctccgagag cacagcggcc 420ctgggctgcc tggtcaagga
ctacttcccc gaaccggtga cggtgtcgtg gaactcaggc 480gctctgacca
gcggcgtgca caccttcccg gctgtcctac agtcctcagg actctactcc
540ctcagcagcg tagtgaccgt gccctccagc aacttcggca cccagaccta
cacctgcaac 600gtagatcaca agcccagcaa caccaaggtg gacaagacag
ttgagcgcaa atgttgtgtc 660gagtgcccac cgtgcccagc accacctgtg
gcaggaccgt cagtcttcct cttcccccca 720aaacccaagg acaccctcat
gatctcccgg acccctgagg tcacgtgcgt ggtggtggac 780gtgagccacg
aagaccccga ggtccagttc aactggtacg tggacggcgt ggaggtgcat
840aatgccaaga caaagccacg ggaggagcag ttcaacagca cgttccgtgt
ggtcagcgtc 900ctcaccgtcg tgcaccagga ctggctgaac ggcaaggagt
acaagtgcaa ggtctccaac 960aaaggcctcc cagcccccat cgagaaaacc
atctccaaaa ccaaagggca gccccgagaa 1020ccacaggtgt acaccctgcc
cccatcccgg gaggagatga ccaagaacca ggtcagcctg 1080acctgcctgg
tcaaaggctt ctaccccagc gacatcgccg tggagtggga gagcaatggg
1140cagccggaga acaactacaa gaccacacct cccatgctgg actccgacgg
ctccttcttc 1200ctctacagca agctcaccgt ggacaagagc aggtggcagc
aggggaacgt cttctcatgc 1260tccgtgatgc atgaggctct gcacaaccac
tacacacaga agagcctctc cctgtctccg 1320ggtaaa 132642324DNAHomo sapien
42gatatcgaac tgacccagcc gccttcagtg agcgttgcac caggtcagac cgcgcgtatc
60tcgtgtagcg gcgataatat tggtgatcag tatgctcatt ggtaccagca gaaacccggg
120caggcgccag ttgttgtgat ttatcaggat aagaatcgtc cctcaggcat
cccggaacgc 180tttagcggat ccaacagcgg caacaccgcg accctgacca
ttagcggcac tcaggcggaa 240gacgaagcgg attattattg cgctacttat
actggttttg gttctcttgc tgtgtttggc 300ggcggcacga agttaaccgt ccta
32443116PRTHomo sapien 43Glu Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu
Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Glu 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Ile Ser Cys Lys Gly
Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Ser Thr Tyr 20 25 30 Trp Ile Ser Trp Val Arg
Gln Met Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Lys Ile Tyr
Pro Gly Asp Ser Tyr Thr Asn Tyr Ser Pro Ser Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly
Gln Val Thr Ile Ser Ala Asp Lys Ser Ile Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Trp Ser Ser Leu Lys Ala Ser Asp Thr Ala Met Tyr Tyr Cys 85
90 95 Ala Arg Gly Tyr Gly Ile Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu
Val 100 105 110 Thr Val Ser Ser 115 44442PRTHomo sapien 44Glu Val
Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Glu 1 5 10 15
Ser Leu Arg Ile Ser Cys Lys Gly Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Ser Thr Tyr 20
25 30 Trp Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Met Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp
Met 35 40 45 Gly Lys Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asp Ser Tyr Thr Asn Tyr Ser
Pro Ser Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Gln Val Thr Ile Ser Ala Asp Lys Ser
Ile Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Trp Ser Ser Leu Lys Ala Ser
Asp Thr Ala Met Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Gly Tyr Gly Ile Phe
Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val 100 105 110 Thr Val Ser Ser Ala
Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala 115 120 125 Pro Cys Ser
Arg Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu 130 135 140 Val
Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly 145 150
155 160 Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser
Ser 165 170 175 Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser
Ser Asn Phe 180 185 190 Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His
Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr 195 200 205 Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val Glu Arg Lys
Cys Cys Val Glu Cys Pro Pro 210 215 220 Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Val Ala
Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro 225 230 235 240 Lys Pro Lys Asp
Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys 245 250 255 Val Val
Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp 260 265 270
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu 275
280 285 Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val
Val 290 295 300 His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys
Val Ser Asn 305 310 315 320 Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr
Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly 325 330 335 Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr
Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu 340 345 350 Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val
Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr 355 360
365 Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn
370 375 380 Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Met Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser
Phe Phe 385 390 395 400 Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg
Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn 405 410 415 Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu
Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr 420 425 430 Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser
Pro Gly Lys 435 440 45108PRTHomo sapien 45Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr Gln
Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile
Thr Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp
Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45
Gln Asp Lys Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50
55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala
Met 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Thr Tyr Thr Gly Phe
Gly Ser Leu 85 90 95 Ala Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val
Leu 100 105 46214PRTHomo sapien 46Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro
Ser Val Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr Cys
Ser Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln
Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp
Lys Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60
Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Met 65
70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Thr Tyr Thr Gly Phe Gly
Ser Leu 85 90 95 Ala Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu
Gly Gln Pro Lys 100 105 110 Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro
Ser Ser Glu Glu Leu Gln 115 120 125 Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys
Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe Tyr Pro Gly 130 135 140 Ala Val Thr Val Ala Trp
Lys Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly 145 150 155 160 Val Glu Thr
Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr Ala Ala 165 170 175 Ser
Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His Arg Ser 180 185
190 Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val
195 200 205 Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 210 47348DNAHomo sapien
47gaggtgcaat tggttcagag cggcgcggaa gtgaaaaaac cgggcgaaag cctgaggatt
60agctgcaaag gttccggata ttccttttct acttattgga tttcttgggt gcgccagatg
120cctgggaagg gtctcgagtg gatgggcaag atctatccgg gtgatagcta
taccaattat 180tctccgagct ttcagggcca ggtgactatt agcgcggata
aaagcattag caccgcgtat 240cttcaatgga gcagcctgaa agcgagcgat
acggccatgt attattgtgc gcgtggttat 300ggtatttttg attattgggg
ccaaggcacc ctggtcaccg tctcctca 34848324DNAHomo sapien 48agctacgagc
tgacccagcc ccccagcgtg tccgtgagcc ctggccagac cgccagcatc 60acctgcagcg
gcgacaacat cggcgaccag tacgcccact ggtatcagca gaagcccggc
120cagagccccg tgctggtgat ctaccaggac aagaaccggc ccagcggcat
ccccgagcgg 180ttcagcggca gcaacagcgg caacaccgcc accctgacca
tcagcggcac ccaggccatg 240gacgaggccg actactactg cgccacctac
accggcttcg gcagcctggc cgtgttcggc 300ggagggacca agctgaccgt ccta
324491326DNAHomo sapien 49gaggtgcaat tggttcagag cggcgcggaa
gtgaaaaaac cgggcgaaag cctgaggatt 60agctgcaaag gttccggata ttccttttct
acttattgga tttcttgggt gcgccagatg 120cctgggaagg gtctcgagtg
gatgggcaag atctatccgg gtgatagcta taccaattat 180tctccgagct
ttcagggcca ggtgactatt agcgcggata aaagcattag caccgcgtat
240cttcaatgga gcagcctgaa agcgagcgat acggccatgt attattgtgc
gcgtggttat 300ggtatttttg attattgggg ccaaggcacc ctggtcaccg
tctcctcagc ctccaccaag 360ggcccatcgg tcttccccct ggcgccctgc
tccaggagca cctccgagag cacagcggcc 420ctgggctgcc tggtcaagga
ctacttcccc gaaccggtga cggtgtcgtg gaactcaggc 480gctctgacca
gcggcgtgca caccttcccg gctgtcctac agtcctcagg actctactcc
540ctcagcagcg tagtgaccgt gccctccagc aacttcggca cccagaccta
cacctgcaac 600gtagatcaca agcccagcaa caccaaggtg gacaagacag
ttgagcgcaa atgttgtgtc 660gagtgcccac cgtgcccagc accacctgtg
gcaggaccgt cagtcttcct cttcccccca 720aaacccaagg acaccctcat
gatctcccgg acccctgagg tcacgtgcgt ggtggtggac 780gtgagccacg
aagaccccga ggtccagttc aactggtacg tggacggcgt ggaggtgcat
840aatgccaaga caaagccacg ggaggagcag ttcaacagca cgttccgtgt
ggtcagcgtc 900ctcaccgtcg tgcaccagga ctggctgaac ggcaaggagt
acaagtgcaa ggtctccaac 960aaaggcctcc cagcccccat cgagaaaacc
atctccaaaa ccaaagggca gccccgagaa 1020ccacaggtgt acaccctgcc
cccatcccgg gaggagatga ccaagaacca ggtcagcctg 1080acctgcctgg
tcaaaggctt ctaccccagc gacatcgccg tggagtggga gagcaatggg
1140cagccggaga acaactacaa gaccacacct cccatgctgg actccgacgg
ctccttcttc 1200ctctacagca agctcaccgt ggacaagagc aggtggcagc
aggggaacgt cttctcatgc 1260tccgtgatgc atgaggctct gcacaaccac
tacacacaga agagcctctc cctgtctccg 1320ggtaaa 132650642DNAHomo sapien
50agctacgagc tgacccagcc ccccagcgtg tccgtgagcc ctggccagac cgccagcatc
60acctgcagcg gcgacaacat cggcgaccag tacgcccact ggtatcagca gaagcccggc
120cagagccccg tgctggtgat ctaccaggac aagaaccggc ccagcggcat
ccccgagcgg 180ttcagcggca gcaacagcgg caacaccgcc accctgacca
tcagcggcac ccaggccatg 240gacgaggccg actactactg cgccacctac
accggcttcg gcagcctggc cgtgttcggc 300ggagggacca agctgaccgt
cctaggtcag cccaaggctg ccccctcggt cactctgttc 360ccaccctcct
ctgaggagct tcaagccaac aaggccacac tggtgtgtct cataagtgac
420ttctacccgg gagccgtgac agtggcctgg aaggcagata gcagccccgt
caaggcggga 480gtggagacca ccacaccctc caaacaaagc aacaacaagt
acgcggccag cagctacctg 540agcctgacgc ctgagcagtg gaagtcccac
agaagctaca gctgccaggt cacgcatgaa 600gggagcaccg tggagaagac
agtggcccct acagaatgtt ca 64251108PRTHomo sapien 51Ser Tyr Glu Leu
Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala
Ser Ile Thr Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30
His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Val Val Ile Tyr 35
40 45 Gln Asp Lys Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly
Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr
Gln Ala Met 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Thr Tyr Thr
Gly Phe Gly Ser Leu 85 90 95 Ala Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu
Thr Val Leu 100 105 52214PRTHomo sapien 52Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr Gln
Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile
Thr Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp
Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Val Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45
Gln Asp Lys Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50
55 60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala
Met 65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Thr Tyr Thr Gly Phe
Gly Ser Leu 85 90 95 Ala Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val
Leu Gly Gln Pro Lys 100 105 110 Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro
Pro Ser Ser Glu Glu Leu Gln 115 120 125 Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val
Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe Tyr Pro Gly 130 135 140 Ala Val Thr Val Ala
Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly 145 150 155 160 Val Glu
Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr Ala Ala 165 170 175
Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His Arg Ser 180
185 190 Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Lys Thr
Val 195 200 205 Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 210 53324DNAHomo sapien
53agctacgagc tgacccagcc ccccagcgtg tccgtgagcc ctggccagac cgccagcatc
60acctgcagcg gcgacaacat cggcgaccag tacgcccact ggtatcagca gaagcccggc
120cagagccccg tggtggtgat ctaccaggac aagaaccggc ccagcggcat
ccccgagcgg 180ttcagcggca gcaacagcgg caacaccgcc accctgacca
tcagcggcac ccaggccatg 240gacgaggccg actactactg cgccacctac
accggcttcg gcagcctggc cgtgttcggc 300ggagggacca agctgaccgt ccta
32454642DNAHomo sapien 54agctacgagc tgacccagcc ccccagcgtg
tccgtgagcc ctggccagac cgccagcatc 60acctgcagcg gcgacaacat cggcgaccag
tacgcccact ggtatcagca gaagcccggc 120cagagccccg tggtggtgat
ctaccaggac aagaaccggc ccagcggcat ccccgagcgg 180ttcagcggca
gcaacagcgg caacaccgcc accctgacca tcagcggcac ccaggccatg
240gacgaggccg actactactg cgccacctac accggcttcg gcagcctggc
cgtgttcggc 300ggagggacca agctgaccgt cctaggtcag cccaaggctg
ccccctcggt cactctgttc 360ccaccctcct ctgaggagct tcaagccaac
aaggccacac tggtgtgtct cataagtgac 420ttctacccgg gagccgtgac
agtggcctgg aaggcagata gcagccccgt caaggcggga 480gtggagacca
ccacaccctc caaacaaagc aacaacaagt acgcggccag cagctacctg
540agcctgacgc ctgagcagtg gaagtcccac agaagctaca gctgccaggt
cacgcatgaa 600gggagcaccg tggagaagac agtggcccct acagaatgtt ca
6425511PRTHomo sapien 55Ser Thr Tyr Thr Phe Val Gly Phe Thr Thr Val
1 5 10 56108PRTHomo sapien 56Asp Ile Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser
Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser
Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Lys
Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn
Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70
75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Thr Tyr Thr Phe Val Gly Phe
Thr 85 90 95 Thr Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu 100
105 57214PRTHomo sapien 57Asp Ile Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val
Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Arg Ile Ser Cys Ser Gly
Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Val Val Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Lys Asn
Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser
Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu 65 70 75 80
Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Thr Tyr Thr Phe Val Gly Phe Thr 85
90 95 Thr Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Gln Pro
Lys 100 105 110 Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu
Glu Leu Gln 115 120 125 Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser
Asp Phe Tyr Pro Gly 130 135 140 Ala Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp
Ser Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly 145 150 155 160 Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro
Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr Ala Ala 165 170 175 Ser Ser Tyr Leu
Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His Arg Ser 180 185 190 Tyr Ser
Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val 195 200 205
Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 210 58324DNAHomo sapien 58gatatcgaac
tgacccagcc gccttcagtg agcgttgcac caggtcagac cgcgcgtatc 60tcgtgtagcg
gcgataatat tggtgatcag tatgctcatt ggtaccagca gaaacccggg
120caggcgccag ttgttgtgat ttatcaggat aagaatcgtc cctcaggcat
cccggaacgc 180tttagcggat ccaacagcgg caacaccgcg accctgacca
ttagcggcac tcaggcggaa 240gacgaagcgg attattattg ctctacttat
acttttgttg gttttactac tgtgtttggc 300ggcggcacga agttaaccgt ccta
32459642DNAHomo sapien 59gatatcgaac tgacccagcc gccttcagtg
agcgttgcac caggtcagac cgcgcgtatc 60tcgtgtagcg gcgataatat tggtgatcag
tatgctcatt ggtaccagca gaaacccggg 120caggcgccag ttgttgtgat
ttatcaggat aagaatcgtc cctcaggcat cccggaacgc 180tttagcggat
ccaacagcgg caacaccgcg accctgacca ttagcggcac tcaggcggaa
240gacgaagcgg attattattg ctctacttat acttttgttg gttttactac
tgtgtttggc 300ggcggcacga agttaaccgt cctaggtcag cccaaggctg
ccccctcggt cactctgttc 360ccaccctcct ctgaggagct tcaagccaac
aaggccacac tggtgtgtct cataagtgac 420ttctacccgg gagccgtgac
agtggcctgg aaggcagata gcagccccgt caaggcggga 480gtggagacca
ccacaccctc caaacaaagc aacaacaagt acgcggccag cagctacctg
540agcctgacgc ctgagcagtg gaagtcccac agaagctaca gctgccaggt
cacgcatgaa 600gggagcaccg tggagaagac agtggcccct acagaatgtt ca
64260108PRTHomo sapien 60Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val
Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr Cys Ser Gly
Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Lys Asn
Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser
Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Met 65 70 75 80
Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Thr Tyr Thr Phe Val Gly Phe Thr 85
90 95 Thr Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu 100 105
61214PRTHomo sapien 61Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser
Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr Cys Ser Gly Asp
Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Leu Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Lys Asn Arg
Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn Ser Gly
Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Met 65 70 75 80 Asp
Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Thr Tyr Thr Phe Val Gly Phe Thr 85 90
95 Thr Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Gln Pro Lys
100 105 110 Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu Glu
Leu Gln 115 120 125 Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp
Phe Tyr Pro Gly 130 135 140 Ala Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser
Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly 145 150 155 160 Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser
Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr Ala Ala 165 170 175 Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser
Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His Arg Ser 180 185 190 Tyr Ser Cys
Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val 195 200 205 Ala
Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 210 62324DNAHomo sapien 62agctacgagc tgacccagcc
ccccagcgtg tccgtgagcc ctggccagac cgccagcatc 60acctgcagcg gcgacaacat
cggcgaccag tacgcccact ggtatcagca gaagcccggc 120cagagccccg
tgctggtgat ctaccaggac aagaaccggc ccagcggcat ccccgagcgg
180ttcagcggca gcaacagcgg caacaccgcc accctgacca tcagcggcac
ccaggccatg 240gacgaggccg actactactg ctctacttat acttttgttg
gttttactac tgtgttcggc 300ggagggacca agctgaccgt ccta 32463642DNAHomo
sapien 63agctacgagc tgacccagcc ccccagcgtg tccgtgagcc ctggccagac
cgccagcatc 60acctgcagcg gcgacaacat cggcgaccag tacgcccact ggtatcagca
gaagcccggc 120cagagccccg tgctggtgat ctaccaggac aagaaccggc
ccagcggcat ccccgagcgg 180ttcagcggca gcaacagcgg caacaccgcc
accctgacca tcagcggcac ccaggccatg 240gacgaggccg actactactg
ctctacttat acttttgttg gttttactac tgtgttcggc 300ggagggacca
agctgaccgt cctaggtcag cccaaggctg ccccctcggt cactctgttc
360ccaccctcct ctgaggagct tcaagccaac aaggccacac tggtgtgtct
cataagtgac 420ttctacccgg gagccgtgac agtggcctgg aaggcagata
gcagccccgt caaggcggga 480gtggagacca ccacaccctc caaacaaagc
aacaacaagt acgcggccag
cagctacctg 540agcctgacgc ctgagcagtg gaagtcccac agaagctaca
gctgccaggt cacgcatgaa 600gggagcaccg tggagaagac agtggcccct
acagaatgtt ca 64264108PRTHomo sapien 64Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro
Pro Ser Val Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr
Cys Ser Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Val Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln
Asp Lys Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55
60 Asn Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Met
65 70 75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Thr Tyr Thr Phe Val Gly
Phe Thr 85 90 95 Thr Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu
100 105 65214PRTHomo sapien 65Ser Tyr Glu Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser
Val Ser Val Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Ile Thr Cys Ser
Gly Asp Asn Ile Gly Asp Gln Tyr Ala 20 25 30 His Trp Tyr Gln Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Val Val Val Ile Tyr 35 40 45 Gln Asp Lys
Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly Ile Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60 Asn
Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Gly Thr Gln Ala Met 65 70
75 80 Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Thr Tyr Thr Phe Val Gly Phe
Thr 85 90 95 Thr Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Gly
Gln Pro Lys 100 105 110 Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser
Ser Glu Glu Leu Gln 115 120 125 Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu
Ile Ser Asp Phe Tyr Pro Gly 130 135 140 Ala Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys
Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val Lys Ala Gly 145 150 155 160 Val Glu Thr Thr
Thr Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr Ala Ala 165 170 175 Ser Ser
Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His Arg Ser 180 185 190
Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu Lys Thr Val 195
200 205 Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 210 66324DNAHomo sapien
66agctacgagc tgacccagcc ccccagcgtg tccgtgagcc ctggccagac cgccagcatc
60acctgcagcg gcgacaacat cggcgaccag tacgcccact ggtatcagca gaagcccggc
120cagagccccg tggtggtgat ctaccaggac aagaaccggc ccagcggcat
ccccgagcgg 180ttcagcggca gcaacagcgg caacaccgcc accctgacca
tcagcggcac ccaggccatg 240gacgaggccg actactactg ctctacttat
acttttgttg gttttactac tgtgttcggc 300ggagggacca agctgaccgt ccta
32467642DNAHomo sapien 67agctacgagc tgacccagcc ccccagcgtg
tccgtgagcc ctggccagac cgccagcatc 60acctgcagcg gcgacaacat cggcgaccag
tacgcccact ggtatcagca gaagcccggc 120cagagccccg tggtggtgat
ctaccaggac aagaaccggc ccagcggcat ccccgagcgg 180ttcagcggca
gcaacagcgg caacaccgcc accctgacca tcagcggcac ccaggccatg
240gacgaggccg actactactg ctctacttat acttttgttg gttttactac
tgtgttcggc 300ggagggacca agctgaccgt cctaggtcag cccaaggctg
ccccctcggt cactctgttc 360ccaccctcct ctgaggagct tcaagccaac
aaggccacac tggtgtgtct cataagtgac 420ttctacccgg gagccgtgac
agtggcctgg aaggcagata gcagccccgt caaggcggga 480gtggagacca
ccacaccctc caaacaaagc aacaacaagt acgcggccag cagctacctg
540agcctgacgc ctgagcagtg gaagtcccac agaagctaca gctgccaggt
cacgcatgaa 600gggagcaccg tggagaagac agtggcccct acagaatgtt ca
64268255PRTHomo sapien 68Met Gly Asn Ser Cys Tyr Asn Ile Val Ala
Thr Leu Leu Leu Val Leu 1 5 10 15 Asn Phe Glu Arg Thr Arg Ser Leu
Gln Asp Pro Cys Ser Asn Cys Pro 20 25 30 Ala Gly Thr Phe Cys Asp
Asn Asn Arg Asn Gln Ile Cys Ser Pro Cys 35 40 45 Pro Pro Asn Ser
Phe Ser Ser Ala Gly Gly Gln Arg Thr Cys Asp Ile 50 55 60 Cys Arg
Gln Cys Lys Gly Val Phe Arg Thr Arg Lys Glu Cys Ser Ser 65 70 75 80
Thr Ser Asn Ala Glu Cys Asp Cys Thr Pro Gly Phe His Cys Leu Gly 85
90 95 Ala Gly Cys Ser Met Cys Glu Gln Asp Cys Lys Gln Gly Gln Glu
Leu 100 105 110 Thr Lys Lys Gly Cys Lys Asp Cys Cys Phe Gly Thr Phe
Asn Asp Gln 115 120 125 Lys Arg Gly Ile Cys Arg Pro Trp Thr Asn Cys
Ser Leu Asp Gly Lys 130 135 140 Ser Val Leu Val Asn Gly Thr Lys Glu
Arg Asp Val Val Cys Gly Pro 145 150 155 160 Ser Pro Ala Asp Leu Ser
Pro Gly Ala Ser Ser Val Thr Pro Pro Ala 165 170 175 Pro Ala Arg Glu
Pro Gly His Ser Pro Gln Ile Ile Ser Phe Phe Leu 180 185 190 Ala Leu
Thr Ser Thr Ala Leu Leu Phe Leu Leu Phe Phe Leu Thr Leu 195 200 205
Arg Phe Ser Val Val Lys Arg Gly Arg Lys Lys Leu Leu Tyr Ile Phe 210
215 220 Lys Gln Pro Phe Met Arg Pro Val Gln Thr Thr Gln Glu Glu Asp
Gly 225 230 235 240 Cys Ser Cys Arg Phe Pro Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Gly
Cys Glu Leu 245 250 255 69330PRTHomo sapien 69Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly
Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys 1 5 10 15 Ser Thr Ser
Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Phe
Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser 35 40
45 Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60 Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr
Gln Thr 65 70 75 80 Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr
Lys Val Asp Lys 85 90 95 Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr
His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys 100 105 110 Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly
Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro 115 120 125 Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu
Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys 130 135 140 Val Val Val Asp
Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp 145 150 155 160 Tyr
Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu 165 170
175 Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
180 185 190 His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val
Ser Asn 195 200 205 Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser
Lys Ala Lys Gly 210 215 220 Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu
Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu 225 230 235 240 Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser
Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr 245 250 255 Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala
Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn 260 265 270 Asn Tyr Lys
Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe 275 280 285 Leu
Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn 290 295
300 Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
305 310 315 320 Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys 325 330
70990DNAHomo sapien 70gcctccacca agggcccatc ggtcttcccc ctggcaccct
cctccaagag cacctctggg 60ggcacagcgg ccctgggctg cctggtcaag gactacttcc
ccgaaccggt gacggtgtcg 120tggaactcag gcgccctgac cagcggcgtg
cacaccttcc cggctgtcct acagtcctca 180ggactctact ccctcagcag
cgtagtgacc gtgccctcca gcagcttggg cacccagacc 240tacatctgca
acgtgaatca caagcccagc aacaccaagg tggacaagaa agttgagccc
300aaatcttgtg acaaaactca cacatgccca ccgtgcccag cacctgaact
cctgggggga 360ccgtcagtct tcctcttccc cccaaaaccc aaggacaccc
tcatgatctc ccggacccct 420gaggtcacat gcgtggtggt ggacgtgagc
cacgaagacc ctgaggtcaa gttcaactgg 480tacgtggacg gcgtggaggt
gcataatgcc aagacaaagc cgcgggagga gcagtacaac 540agcacgtacc
gtgtggtcag cgtcctcacc gtcctgcacc aggactggct gaatggcaag
600gagtacaagt gcaaggtctc caacaaagcc ctcccagccc ccatcgagaa
aaccatctcc 660aaagccaaag ggcagccccg agaaccacag gtgtacaccc
tgcccccatc ccgggaggag 720atgaccaaga accaggtcag cctgacctgc
ctggtcaaag gcttctatcc cagcgacatc 780gccgtggagt gggagagcaa
tgggcagccg gagaacaact acaagaccac gcctcccgtg 840ctggactccg
acggctcctt cttcctctat agcaagctca ccgtggacaa gagcaggtgg
900cagcagggga acgtcttctc atgctccgtg atgcatgagg ctctgcacaa
ccactacacg 960cagaagagcc tctccctgtc tccgggtaaa 99071326PRTHomo
sapien 71Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys
Ser Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu
Val Lys Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn
Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser 35 40 45 Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val
Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser 50 55 60 Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr
Val Pro Ser Ser Asn Phe Gly Thr Gln Thr 65 70 75 80 Tyr Thr Cys Asn
Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys 85 90 95 Thr Val
Glu Arg Lys Cys Cys Val Glu Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro 100 105 110
Pro Val Ala Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp 115
120 125 Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val
Asp 130 135 140 Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr
Val Asp Gly 145 150 155 160 Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro
Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn 165 170 175 Ser Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val
Leu Thr Val Val His Gln Asp Trp 180 185 190 Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr
Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro 195 200 205 Ala Pro Ile Glu
Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu 210 215 220 Pro Gln
Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn 225 230 235
240 Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile
245 250 255 Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr
Lys Thr 260 265 270 Thr Pro Pro Met Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
Leu Tyr Ser Lys 275 280 285 Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys 290 295 300 Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His
Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu 305 310 315 320 Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly
Lys 325 72978DNAHomo sapien 72gcctccacca agggcccatc ggtcttcccc
ctggcgccct gctccaggag cacctccgag 60agcacagcgg ccctgggctg cctggtcaag
gactacttcc ccgaaccggt gacggtgtcg 120tggaactcag gcgctctgac
cagcggcgtg cacaccttcc cggctgtcct acagtcctca 180ggactctact
ccctcagcag cgtagtgacc gtgccctcca gcaacttcgg cacccagacc
240tacacctgca acgtagatca caagcccagc aacaccaagg tggacaagac
agttgagcgc 300aaatgttgtg tcgagtgccc accgtgccca gcaccacctg
tggcaggacc gtcagtcttc 360ctcttccccc caaaacccaa ggacaccctc
atgatctccc ggacccctga ggtcacgtgc 420gtggtggtgg acgtgagcca
cgaagacccc gaggtccagt tcaactggta cgtggacggc 480gtggaggtgc
ataatgccaa gacaaagcca cgggaggagc agttcaacag cacgttccgt
540gtggtcagcg tcctcaccgt cgtgcaccag gactggctga acggcaagga
gtacaagtgc 600aaggtctcca acaaaggcct cccagccccc atcgagaaaa
ccatctccaa aaccaaaggg 660cagccccgag aaccacaggt gtacaccctg
cccccatccc gggaggagat gaccaagaac 720caggtcagcc tgacctgcct
ggtcaaaggc ttctacccca gcgacatcgc cgtggagtgg 780gagagcaatg
ggcagccgga gaacaactac aagaccacac ctcccatgct ggactccgac
840ggctccttct tcctctacag caagctcacc gtggacaaga gcaggtggca
gcaggggaac 900gtcttctcat gctccgtgat gcatgaggct ctgcacaacc
actacacaca gaagagcctc 960tccctgtctc cgggtaaa 97873106PRTHomo sapien
73Gly Gln Pro Lys Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser 1
5 10 15 Glu Glu Leu Gln Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser
Asp 20 25 30 Phe Tyr Pro Gly Ala Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp
Ser Ser Pro 35 40 45 Val Lys Ala Gly Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser
Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn 50 55 60 Lys Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser
Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys 65 70 75 80 Ser His Arg Ser Tyr Ser Cys
Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val 85 90 95 Glu Lys Thr Val Ala
Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 100 105 74318DNAHomo sapien 74ggtcagccca
aggctgcccc ctcggtcact ctgttcccac cctcctctga ggagcttcaa 60gccaacaagg
ccacactggt gtgtctcata agtgacttct acccgggagc cgtgacagtg
120gcctggaagg cagatagcag ccccgtcaag gcgggagtgg agaccaccac
accctccaaa 180caaagcaaca acaagtacgc ggccagcagc tacctgagcc
tgacgcctga gcagtggaag 240tcccacagaa gctacagctg ccaggtcacg
catgaaggga gcaccgtgga gaagacagtg 300gcccctacag aatgttca 318
* * * * *