U.S. patent application number 13/463241 was filed with the patent office on 2013-03-14 for pinch to adjust.
This patent application is currently assigned to Google Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is Nicholas JITKOFF, Roma Shah. Invention is credited to Nicholas JITKOFF, Roma Shah.
Application Number | 20130067400 13/463241 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46002212 |
Filed Date | 2013-03-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130067400 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
JITKOFF; Nicholas ; et
al. |
March 14, 2013 |
Pinch To Adjust
Abstract
Methods and systems for resizing a display area of a display
device are disclosed. An example method may include receiving an
on-screen pinch gesture associated with a first location and a
second location, the second location being different from the first
location on a multi-touch input device. The method may also include
for each of a plurality of predefined content areas: adjusting a
respective size of each predefined content area based on the
on-screen pinch gesture, determining a respective amount of the
content to display in the predefined content area based on the
respective adjusted size of the predefined content area, and
displaying the respective adjusted amount of content within the
respective predefined content area associated with the adjusted
size on the multi-touch input device.
Inventors: |
JITKOFF; Nicholas; (Palo
Alto, CA) ; Shah; Roma; (San Francisco, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
JITKOFF; Nicholas
Shah; Roma |
Palo Alto
San Francisco |
CA
CA |
US
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Google Inc.
Mountain View
CA
|
Family ID: |
46002212 |
Appl. No.: |
13/463241 |
Filed: |
May 3, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
13228157 |
Sep 8, 2011 |
8176435 |
|
|
13463241 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
715/800 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F 3/04847 20130101;
G06F 3/04883 20130101; G06F 3/0485 20130101; G06F 2203/04808
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
715/800 |
International
Class: |
G06F 3/048 20060101
G06F003/048 |
Claims
1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: displaying, on a
multi-touch input device, a plurality of content areas, wherein
each content area is displayed with a respective initial viewable
amount of text that is a subset of the respective first amount of
text; receiving an on-screen pinch gesture for expanding a size of
each of the content areas, the on-screen pinch gesture being
associated with a first location and a second location, the second
location being different from the first location on the multi-touch
input device; and for each of the plurality of content areas:
expanding a respective size of the respective content area based on
the on-screen pinch gesture; and displaying an increased viewable
amount of text in the respective expanded content area based on the
expanded size of the content area, wherein the increased viewable
amount of text is a larger subset of the respective first amount of
text than the initial viewable amount of text, and a character size
of the increased viewable amount of text is substantially equal to
a character size of the original viewable amount of text.
2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein displaying a
plurality of content areas comprises displaying a plurality of
content areas in a web browser, wherein each content area: is
displayed in a web browser window of the web browser, and is a card
associated with a respective first amount of text.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the
on-screen pinch gesture is one of a horizontal on-screen pinch
gesture or a vertical on-screen pinch gesture.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a content
area has a header.
5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein content in
the content areas includes one or more images.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein receiving an
on-screen pinch gesture associated with a first location and a
second location comprises: receiving a horizontal distance
increasing on-screen pinch gesture.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein expanding
the respective size of the respective content area based on the
on-screen pinch gesture further comprises: expanding the respective
size of the respective content area based on the horizontal
distance.
8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein expanding
the respective size of the respective content area based on the
on-screen pinch gesture comprises: expanding the size of each
respective content area; and reducing a number respective content
areas displayed based on the expanding of the size.
9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein expanding a
respective size of the respective content area comprises: expanding
a respective size of the respective content area without expanding
a size of the text in the content area.
10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein displaying
the plurality of content areas comprises: displaying a first
portion of the plurality of content areas, wherein a second portion
of the plurality of content areas is not displayed, and wherein the
method further comprises, based on the on-screen pinch gesture,
reducing a number of content areas in the displayed first portion
of the plurality of content areas.
11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein displaying
the plurality of content areas comprises: displaying the plurality
of content areas each having an email displayed.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein displaying the plurality of
content areas comprises: for each content area, displaying a first
preview of the respective first amount of text in the respective
content area, and wherein increasing the viewable amount of text
displayed in the respective expanded content area based on the
expanded size of the content area comprises: displaying a second
preview in the respective expanded content area based on the
expanded size of the content area, wherein the second preview
displays a larger subset of the respective first amount of text
than the first preview.
13. A system, comprising: an on-screen input device configured to:
display a plurality of content areas, wherein each content area is:
associated with a respective first amount of text, and displayed
with a respective initial viewable amount of text that is a subset
of the respective first amount of text; receive an on-screen pinch
gesture for expanding a size of each of the content areas, the
on-screen pinch gesture being associated with a first location and
a second location, the second location being different from the
first location on the on-screen input device; and a content area
adjustor, implemented with a computing device, configured to, for
each of the plurality of content areas: expand a respective size of
the respective content area based on the on-screen pinch gesture;
and displaying an increased viewable amount of text displayed in
the respective expanded content area based on the expanded size of
the respective content area, wherein the increased viewable amount
of text is a larger subset of the respective first amount of text
than the initial viewable amount of text, and a character size of
the increased viewable amount of text is substantially equal to a
character size of the original viewable amount of text.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein each content area is: displayed
it a web browser window of a web browser, and a card associated
with a respective first amount of text.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the on-screen pinch gesture is
one of a horizontal on-screen pinch gesture or a vertical on-screen
pinch gesture.
16. The system of claim 13, wherein a content area has a
header.
17. The system of claim 13, wherein content in the content areas
includes one or more images.
18. The system of claim 13, wherein the content area adjustor is
further configured to: receive a horizontal distance increasing
on-screen pinch gesture.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the content area adjustor is
further configured to: increase the respective size of each content
area based on the horizontal distance.
20. The system of claim 13, wherein the content area adjustor is
further configured to: expand the size of each respective browser
w'ndow; and reduce a number of the respective browser windows
displayed based on the expanding of the size.
21. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable
instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a computing
device, cause the computing device to: display, on a multi-touch
input device, a plurality of content areas, wherein each content
area is displayed with a respective initial viewable amount of text
that is a subset of the respective first amount of text; receive an
on-screen pinch gesture for expanding a size of each of the content
areas, the on-screen pinch gesture being associated with a first
location and a second location, the second location being different
from the first location on the multi-touch input device; and for
each of the plurality of content areas: expand a respective size of
the respective content area based on the on-screen pinch gesture;
and display an increased viewable amount of text in the respective
expanded content area based on the expanded size of the content
area, wherein the increased viewable amount of text is a larger
subset of the respective first amount of text than the initial
viewable amount of text, and a character size of the increased
viewable amount of text is substantially equal to a character size
of the original viewable amount of text.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims benefit as a continuation to pending
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/228,157, filed Sep. 8, 2011,
entitled "Pinch to Adjust," this application hereby incorporated
herein by reference as if fully set forth herein.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Technical Field
[0003] The field relates to operating systems, software
applications and user interface devices, and, more particularly, to
a system, method, apparatus or non-transitory computer program
product of receiving a pinch gesture input and autonomously
modifying a viewable content area of a multi-touch input display
device.
[0004] 2. Background
[0005] Touch screens are commonly used with computer displays,
smartphones, tablet computing devices, personal digital assistants
(PDAs) and other computational devices. The touch screen allows a
user to input commands, browse content, change and customize
display viewing options, and enable and disable a variety of
different computing device features. In general, a touch screen
display device provides a user interface display coupled to a
touch-sensitive surface overlay.
[0006] In one example of using a touch screen device, a user may
access a web page from the Internet and download text and/or images
to a smartphone device by using his or her fingers to navigate the
corresponding commands on the touch screen device. When accessing
the web page, the user may select a particular desktop icon, such
as a browser, and launch a particular application simply by
pressing his or her finger against the surface of the touch screen
display device.
[0007] More advanced touch features may include touching a
particular touch display device and holding it for a particular
amount of time to change from a first input state to another input
state. For example, a first instance of touching may be interpreted
by the operating system as a selection operation. A different
instance may provide touching the display device for a
predetermined amount of time, which may be interpreted as a
drag-and-drop operation used to move an icon across a desktop or
home screen. Still another advanced touch feature may include
browsing content by expanding and contracting viewable areas of
content displayed on a display device.
[0008] However, the above-noted touching operations and advanced
touching operations are unrefined and lack simplicity. Touch screen
interfaces must provide optimum user satisfaction, and the limited
viewing space on the newer pocket and travel-sized display devices
requires increasingly simple and prompt viewing options for the
users' satisfaction.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0009] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in
this specification is embodied in methods that include receiving an
on-screen pinch gesture associated with a first location and a
second location, the second location being different from the first
location on a multi-touch input device. The method may also include
for each of a plurality of predefined content areas: adjusting a
respective size of each predefined content area based on the
on-screen pinch gesture, determining a respective amount of the
content to display in the predefined content area based on the
respective adjusted size of the predefined content area, and
displaying the respective adjusted amount of content within the
respective predefined content area associated with the adjusted
size on the multi-touch input device.
[0010] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in
this specification is embodied in systems that include an on-screen
input device configured to: receive an on-screen pinch gesture
associated with a first location and a second location, the second
location being different from the first location on a multi-touch
input device; and a content area adjustor, implemented with a
computing device, configured to, for each of a plurality of
predefined content areas: adjust a respective size of each
predefined content area based on the on-screen pinch gesture;
determine a respective amount of the content to display in the
predefined content area based on the respective adjusted size of
the predefined content area; and display the respective adjusted
amount of content within the respective predefined content area
associated with the adjusted size on the multi-touch input
device.
[0011] Further embodiments, features, and advantages of the
invention, as well as the structure and operation of the various
embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with
reference to accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS/FIGURES
[0012] Embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying
drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers may indicate
identical or functionally similar elements. The drawing in which an
element first appears is generally indicated by the left-most digit
in the corresponding reference number.
[0013] FIG. 1A is an illustration of an example display view
transformation before and after performing a pinching operation,
according to an example embodiment.
[0014] FIG. 1B is an illustration of another example display view
transformation before and after performing a pinching operation,
according to an example embodiment.
[0015] FIG. 2 is an illustration of a content adjustor system,
according to an example embodiment.
[0016] FIG. 3 is an illustration of a flow diagram of an example
method of operation, according to an example embodiment.
[0017] FIG. 4A illustrates an example computing device with an
exploded view of the touch screen display grid, according to an
example embodiment.
[0018] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of the touch screen display
grid and content display areas, according to an example
embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Embodiments described herein refer to illustrations for
particular application. It should be understood that the invention
is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art with
access to the teachings provided herein will recognize additional
modifications, applications, and embodiments within the scope
thereof and additional fields in which the embodiments would be of
significant utility.
[0020] In the detailed description of embodiments that follows,
references to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "an example
embodiment", etc., indicate that the embodiment described may
include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but
every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular
feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are
not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a
particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in
connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within
the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature,
structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments
whether or not explicitly described.
[0021] Touch screen devices generally provide a touch-sensitive
screen that overlays a display monitor or screen. Conventional
touch screens often include a layer of capacitive material and may
be based on a two-dimensional coordinate grid (X-axis, Y-axis). The
areas that are touched create a voltage, which is detected as being
at a particular location on the coordinate grid. More advanced
touch screen systems may be able to process multiple simultaneous
touch signals at different locations on the coordinate grid.
Specific examples of touch screen materials may include mutual
capacitance, which utilizes two distinct layers of material for
sensing touch and driving a voltage or current. Another example is
self-capacitance, which uses one layer of individual electrodes
connected to capacitance-sensing circuitry. The examples of
underlying touch screen technology are for example purposes only
and will be omitted from further discussion.
[0022] The processor and associated operating system will interpret
the received touch input and execute a corresponding application
and/or provide a particular result. For example, when a user
touches a touch screen surface, the capacitive material sends
touch-location data to the processor. The processor uses software
stored in the memory to interpret the data as commands and
gestures. Input received from the touch screen is sent to the
processor as electrical impulses. The processor uses software to
analyze the data and determine the characteristics of each touch,
such as the size, shape and location of the touched area on the
display touch screen.
[0023] Interpretation software may be used to identify the type of
gesture. For example, a pinching gesture made with two or more
fingers may be used to enlarge or reduce the size of viewable
content of a display screen. Pinching may be used to adjust the
size (height or width) of content areas. A pinch may be a finger
movement that includes moving two fingers in a direction towards
one another. Alternatively, one finger may be used to simulate a
pinching motion, or more than two fingers may also be used. A
pinching motion or movement may be performed by placing, for
example, two fingers at two separate locations on the multi-touch
display device and dragging them towards each other without moving
them off the surface of the multi-touch display device.
[0024] FIG. 1A is an illustration of an example display view
transformation before and after performing a pinching operation,
according to an embodiment. The content area(s) of the multi-touch
display device may be organized into a plurality of rows
representing separate sections of a display area. Pinching may be
performed by using two fingers to increase or decrease the targeted
viewable section of the display. For example, a user may begin by
placing the thumb and index finger, or any other variation of
fingers, on the display. The placement may be any distance apart,
however, in order to perform an effective pinching operation, the
fingers should be some appreciable distance apart, such as 1
centimeter (cm) or more. In this example, the user may place one
finger at point "A" and another finger at point "B" on the display
area 10A. Although the position of points "A" and "B" are
illustrated as being off the display area 10A, generally, the user
would place their fingers on the display area directly.
[0025] Display area 10A provides a view of seven different rows of
content at a first time T1 prior to user manipulation. The rows may
be predefined sizes of content created by the application and
executed by the operating system to provide an aesthetic viewing
experience for the user. In this example, rows 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15 and 16 are seven rows each containing a certain amount of
viewable content. The content of rows 10-16 are filled with text,
which may be, for example, snippets or portions of a user's emails
currently stored in their inbox. The user may execute a mail
application on their computing device (smartphone, PDA, tablet,
personal computer, laptop, etc.), and, as a result, the list of
messages 10-16 may be displayed to occupy the display area of the
computing device.
[0026] Upon placing the user's fingers into positions "A" and "B"
and moving the fingers across the surface of the display in a
vertical direction (as indicated by the arrows), a readjustment
procedure may be performed to yield a new display view 10B. The
user has indicated to the display device that the area closest to
positions "A" and "B" is of interest to the user and should be
expanded. The expanded view provides a complete readjustment to the
predefined row size of viewable content. Display view 10B has all
of its content area occupied by larger rows providing more content
associated with the area pinched by the user. In other words, the
pinching operation performed near rows 12 and 13 has resulted in a
new display view 10B that centers the display area around the area
pinched and automatically resizes the nearest content areas to
create a respective adjusted content area based on the content
areas of interest. The content illustrated in FIG. 1A is all text,
but, the content may also be pictures, video, and any other related
content types.
[0027] The pinching operation effectively expanded the rows. For
instance, before the pinching operation, seven rows of content
10-16 divided the viewable area of display 10A evenly. After the
pinching near or adjacent to the rows of interest (rows 12 and 13),
the row expansion operation ensured that the expansion began with
rows 12 and 13 and allowed for additional rows 11 and 14,
respectively, in display area 10B. Reverse pinching to horizontally
increase the distance of the rows effectively extended the user's
view of the row. Rather than zooming in on the text to magnify the
content, the predefined content areas expanded by increasing the
content areas height to provide more content for a given content
field or snippet of content. Similar modifications may be made in
the horizontal direction to widen a column area (not shown).
Increasing the content areas may be performed by manipulating the
display via a variety of different touching operations. The area of
interest or the section of text, image or group of text or images
may become enlarged to provide a wider, taller and/or overall
larger view of the area of interest.
[0028] Performing a pinching or reverse pinching operation may
expand all of the rows or just one. Generally, all of the rows will
be modified as a result of the pinching operation. The row resizing
may be saved and applied as a new standard for viewing content. The
resize may instead be a one-time modification, a permanent,
semi-permanent or one-time modification. The modification may be
reset after the device is reset, powered-off or is left idle a
predetermined amount of time. The pinching may simultaneously
adjust the width and height regardless of the pinching direction
(horizontal or vertical). This would also apply to non-touch
display devices, such as, a touch pad peripheral control device
coupled to a non-touch display device. The content may be text,
images, video, multimedia plug-ins, such as, macromedia, flash, and
may be compatible with HTML5 tags, <video>, <audio>,
etc.
[0029] FIG. 1B is an illustration of another example display view
transformation before and after performing a pinching operation at
a later time T2, according to an embodiment. Website browser
windows, "thumbnails" or "cards" 101, 102, 103 and 104 are
illustrated as being stacked on top of each other in a viewable
configuration. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the content areas are
somewhat viewable, with the website address being visible at the
top, while the last accessed cards 101 and 102 are displaying the
most viewable content, indicated by the sample "Body" indicators
displayed. The visible content of the cards of interest may be
expanded via a pinching operation similar to that described above
with respect to FIG. 1A. The thumbnail-sized cards 101-104, with
the exception of card 101, are generally only a quarter exposed to
the user of the display.
[0030] The pinching operation is illustrated as being performed
near cards 101 and 102 by increasing the horizontal distance
between the original pinch positions "A" and "B." This pinching
operation may result in providing a larger viewable portion of the
cards nearest the pinch movement, as detected by the multi-touch
input device of the display device. The result of the pinching
operation is provided at a later time T2 after the pinching
operation. The new display view includes fewer cards 101 and 102,
however, as may be observed from FIG. 1B, the content of the cards
has been expanded to include more visible content. The size of the
cards may be expanded as well to offer a more comprehensive preview
of the user's indicated content area of interest. In some cases,
the pinching may adjust the headers of the cards.
[0031] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary system 110
configured to perform a pinching expansion operation, according to
an embodiment. System 110, or any combination of its components,
may be part of or may be implemented with a computing device.
Examples of computing devices include, but are not limited to, a
computer, workstation, distributed computing system, computer
cluster, embedded system, stand-alone electronic device, networked
device, mobile device (e.g. mobile phone, smart phone, navigation
device, tablet or mobile computing device), rack server, set-top
box, or other type of computer system having at least one processor
and memory. Such a computing device may include software, firmware,
hardware, or a combination thereof. Software may include one or
more applications and an operating system. Hardware can include,
but is not limited to, a processor, memory and user interface
display.
[0032] System 110 may include an input receiver 112, a size
generator component 114, and a contact generator 116. The system
110 is in communication with a display device 120, which may be
used to display any of the example display configurations discussed
in detail above. Examples of the embodiments for exemplary system
110 or subsystem components, such as input receiver 112, size
generator 114, and/or contact generator 116, and methods or any
parts or function(s) thereof may be implemented using hardware,
software modules, firmware, tangible computer readable or computer
usable storage media having instructions stored thereon, or a
combination thereof and may be implemented in one or more computer
systems or other processing systems.
[0033] In operation, the multi-touch input device or display device
120 may receive a user input pinching gesture. The user input may
be received and transferred from the display device 120 to the
content adjustor system 110, which uses a processor and operating
system to perform computations necessary to enlarge the viewable
content area of the display so more content is available based on
the selection performed by the user. The subsystem components, such
as, the input receiver 112, size generator 114, and/or contact
generator 116 may perform computational functions related to the
operation of the processor and operation system to produce the
enlarged content area output, as, for example, the embodiments
described above.
[0034] FIG. 3 is an illustration of a flow diagram of an example
method of operation, according to an example embodiment.
[0035] Referring to FIG. 3, the method may include receiving an
on-screen pinch gesture associated with a first location and a
second location, the second location being different from the first
location on a multi-touch input device, at operation 301. The
method may also include for each of a plurality of predefined
content areas, adjusting a respective size of each predefined
content area Lased on the on-screen pinch gesture, at operation
302. The method may further include determining a respective amount
of the content to display in the predefined content area based on
the respective adjusted size of the predefined content area, at
operation 303, and displaying the respective adjusted amount of
content within the respective predefined content area associated
with the adjusted size on the multi-touch input device, at
operation 304. According to one embodiment, operations 301-304 may
to performed by system 110 with the assistance of display device
120.
[0036] In one embodiment, the on-screen pinch gesture is one of a
horizontal on-screen pinch gesture or a vertical on-screen pinch
gesture. Each of the plurality of predefined content areas may be a
row or a header. The content may be text or images.
[0037] In one embodiment, receiving an on-screen pinch gesture
associated with a first location and a second location may include
receiving a horizontal distance increasing on-screen pinch gesture.
Adjusting a respective size of each predefined content area based
on the on-screen pinch gesture may include increasing the
respective size of each predefined content area based on the
horizontal distance.
[0038] In one embodiment, the plurality of predefined content areas
are a plurality of cards, each associated with a respective browser
window. Adjusting a respective size of each predefined content area
based on the on-screen pinch gesture, can include adjusting the
size of each respective browser window, and adjusting a number of
the respective browser windows based on the adjusting of the
size.
[0039] FIG. 4A illustrates an example computing device, according
to an example embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4A, the computing
device 401, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, etc., may
include a touch screen 402 that accepts user input via touching
operations performed by a user's fingers or other instrument. For
example purposes, a touch sensor grid 403 is illustrated in an
exploded view of the touch screen 402 with a touch sensor grid 403
overlaying the display area. The touch sensor grid contains many
touch sensitive areas or cells which may be used to locate the area
closest to the input of a user's touch.
[0040] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of the touch sensor grid 403
in greater detail. The grid is shown has having a two-dimensional
touch surface as denoted by the X and Y axes. The original size of
a row of content area 404A at a first time T1 is illustrated by the
dashed line. The size of the row of content area 404A occupies
approximately one full cell and two half cells, as indicated by the
surface area of the dashed line. After the user has expanded the
targeted viewing area of the display, by pinching to expand the
view, the size of the content area will shift to a larger content
area 404B at time T2, as indicated by the dotted line. The system
110 will interpret the user's pinching operation as an enlarging
operation that effectively increases the size of the row of
viewable content. The new larger content area 404B occupies more
cells than the original content area 404A.
[0041] Embodiments may be directed to computer products comprising
software stored on any computer usable medium. Such software, when
executed in one or more data processing device, causes a data
processing device(s) to operate as described herein.
[0042] Embodiments may be implemented in hardware, software,
firmware, or a combination thereof. Embodiments may be implemented
via a set of programs running in parallel on multiple machines.
[0043] The summary and abstract sections may set forth one or more
but not all exemplary embodiments of the present invention as
contemplated by the inventor(s), and thus, are not intended to
limit the present invention and the appended claims in any way.
[0044] Embodiments of the present invention have been described
above with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the
implementation of specified functions and relationships thereof.
The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been
arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description.
Alternate boundaries can be defined so long as the specified
functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed.
The breadth and scope of the present invention should not be
limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.
[0045] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will
so fully reveal the general nature of the invention that others
can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily
modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific
embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from
the general concept of the present invention. Therefore, such
adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning
and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the
teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that
the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of
description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or
phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by
the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance.
* * * * *