U.S. patent application number 13/660266 was filed with the patent office on 2013-02-28 for system for converting tidal wave energy into electric energy.
The applicant listed for this patent is Juan Andujar. Invention is credited to Juan Andujar.
Application Number | 20130049369 13/660266 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42230236 |
Filed Date | 2013-02-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130049369 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Andujar; Juan |
February 28, 2013 |
System for Converting Tidal Wave Energy Into Electric Energy
Abstract
A system for converting marine surface wave energy into electric
energy includes a barrier disposed generally vertically and having
at least a portion thereof disposed above a surface of a body of
water. The portion has a substantially planar surface disposed
generally transverse to direction of marine surface waves. Bottom
edge of the barrier is pivotally connected to one of a floor bed, a
rigid formation and a rigid structure. At least one linear electric
generator is coupled to storage of electric energy and is operable
by a pivotal movement of the barrier. One type of electric
generator is disposed external to the barrier while another type is
mounted within a barrier chamber.
Inventors: |
Andujar; Juan; (San Juan,
PR) |
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Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Andujar; Juan |
San Juan |
PR |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
42230236 |
Appl. No.: |
13/660266 |
Filed: |
October 25, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12634879 |
Dec 10, 2009 |
8319366 |
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13660266 |
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61121251 |
Dec 10, 2008 |
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61121247 |
Dec 10, 2008 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
290/53 ; 310/16;
310/28; 310/83 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F03B 13/182 20130101;
F05B 2260/4031 20130101; Y02E 10/38 20130101; Y02E 10/30 20130101;
F05B 2260/406 20130101; F05B 2220/706 20130101; H02K 7/1876
20130101; F05B 2220/707 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
290/53 ; 310/28;
310/16; 310/83 |
International
Class: |
H02K 35/02 20060101
H02K035/02; F03B 13/18 20060101 F03B013/18; H02K 7/06 20060101
H02K007/06; H02K 9/10 20060101 H02K009/10 |
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. (canceled)
5. (canceled)
6. (canceled)
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
13. (canceled)
14. (canceled)
15. (canceled)
16. An electric generator comprising: (a) a housing having a hollow
tubular cross section in a plane transverse to a length thereof,
said housing having a helical thread formed on each end portion of
an inner peripheral surface; (b) a first end member closing one end
of said housing and having a helical thread formed on an outer
surface thereof and operatively engaging a helical thread formed on
one end of said housing; (c) a second end member closing an axially
opposed end of said housing and having a helical thread formed on
an outer surface thereof and operatively engaging a helical thread
formed on an opposed end of said housing; (d) a center aperture
formed through a thickness of said first end member; (e) an annular
coil stack mounted within a hollow interior of said housing mediate
said first and second end members; (f) a shaft centrally disposed
within said housing, said shaft having a threaded end portion
thereof extending outwardly from outer surface of said first end
member through said center aperture; (g) a seal seated on said
shaft in abutting engagement with said outer surface of said first
end member and covering said aperture thereof; (h) nut fastener
operatively engaging said threaded end portion of said shaft and
biasing said seal against said outer surface of said first end
member; (i) a pair of bearings, each of said pair of bearings
bearing secured inwardly of a respective end member; (j) a pair of
collars, each of said pair of collars secured to said outer surface
of said shaft in operative alignment with a respective bearing; (k)
a first annular gap formed between an inner peripheral surface of
said each bearing and an outer peripheral surface of a respective
collar; (l) a plurality of annular permanent magnets secured in
series on an outer surface of said shaft; (m) a second annular gap
formed between an inner peripheral surface of said coil stack and
an outer peripheral surface of said magnets; and (n) a bearing
mounted within a center cavity formed in said second end member and
operatively receiving a lower end of said shaft.
17. The electric generator, according to claim 16, wherein said
each bearing is two bearings axially spaced therebetween, wherein
one of said two bearings is mounted within a center bore formed
within a respective end member and wherein a second one of said two
bearings is mounted within a bearing housing disposed in spaced
relationship with said respective end member.
18. The electric generator, according to claim 16, wherein said
electric generator includes cooling means for removing heat
generated by said electric generator during generation of electric
energy.
19. The electric generator, according to claim 18, wherein said
cooling means includes: (a) a first passage formed through a
thickness of said first member in fluid communication with supply
of compressed air; (b) a second passage provided between an outer
peripheral surface of said coil stack and an inner peripheral
surface of said housing in fluid communication with said first
passage; (c) a third passage formed through a thickness of said
second member in fluid communication with said second passage; and
(d) a flap mounted on an outer surface of said second end member,
said flap normally biased for closing said third passage and
opening said third passage upon supply of said air pressure through
said first passage.
20. The electric generator, according to claim 19, wherein said
cooling means further includes each of an air reservoir, an air
compressor operatively connected to said air reservoir, a hydraulic
pump motor operatively connected to said air reservoir and a
manifold connecting said pump with said first passage.
21. The electric generator, according to claim 16, wherein said
electric generator includes at least one gear sprocket secured on
said end portion of said shaft extending outwardly from said outer
surface of said first end member.
22. The electric generator, according to claim 16, wherein said
electric generator includes each of a flange detachably attached to
said second member in spaced relationship with said outer surface
thereof, a forth passage formed through a thickness of said flange
and a flange flap mounted on an outer surface of said flange, said
flange flap normally biased for closing said forth passage and
opening said forth passage upon supply of said air pressure through
said first passage.
23. (canceled)
24. (canceled)
25. (canceled)
26. The electric generator of claim 16, further comprising a body
having an elongated chamber configured to receive said electric
generator therewithin.
27. The electric generator of claim 26, wherein said body includes
a barrier disposed generally vertically and having at least a
portion thereof disposed above a surface of a body of water, said
portion having a substantially planar surface disposed generally
transverse to direction of marine surface waves;
28. The electric generator of claim 16, further comprising a
connection to storage of electric energy.
29. The electric generator of claim 21, further comprising means
for rotating said at least one gear sprocket.
30. The electric generator of claim 29, wherein said means for
rotating said at least one gear sprocket includes a toothed gear
rack.
31. The electric generator of claim 21, wherein said at least one
gear sprocket is a pair of sprockets secured in series with each
other on said end portion.
32. The electric generator of claim 16, further comprising: (a) a
flange disposed in a spaced apart relationship with a bottom end of
said housing and having an axial aperture; (b) an elongated member
configured to connect said flange to said bottom end of said
housing, said elongated member disposed axially with said shaft and
having a portion thereof passed through said axial aperture of said
flange so that a bottom end of said elongated member is spaced from
one surface of said flange; and (c) a retaining member configured
to retain said flange on said elongated member.
33. The electric generator of claim 16, further comprising one or
more air passages formed through a thickness of said flange and one
or more valves positioned and operable to selectively open and
close a respective air passage formed through said thickness of
said flange.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is related to and claims priority from
Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/121,247 filed on Dec.
10, 2008 and from Provisional Patent application Ser. No.
61/121,251 filed on Dec. 10, 2008.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates, in general, to wave energy
conversion systems and, more particularly, this invention relates
to a system for converting tidal wave energy into electric energy
and, yet more particularly, the instant invention is related to a
system for converting tidal wave energy into electric energy that
employs a rigid barrier submerged in a body of water and pivotally
mounted to a floor bed and electric generators operable by
barrier's pivotal movement caused by tidal waves.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] As is generally well known, carbon emissions from burning
fossil fuels and reliance on foreign fuel sources are becoming
increasing concerns for humanity. Many present devices and systems
employed to produce electricity emit fumes and chemicals which pose
hazards to the ozone layer of the earth. Furthermore, rising energy
costs have affected not only businesses, but homeowners as well.
Thus, there has been a proliferation of alternative approaches to
generate electric energy.
[0004] One of such approaches is based on extracting energy from
tidal waves and converting it into electric energy. Generally,
prior art wave energy conversion systems employ a buoyant member
floating upon a water surface and coupled to a proximal end of a
linear electric generator positioned in a generally vertical plane
and having its distal end coupled to the floor bed. U.S. Pat. Nos.
7,298,054 and 7,199,481 both issued to Hirsch, U.S. Pat. No.
7,242,106 issued to Kelly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,791,205 issued to
Woodbridge, U.S. Pat. No. 6,020,653 issued to Woodbridge et al.,
and U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2005/0271470 to Rytand disclose various
types of such systems employing buoyant member.
[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 6,184,590 issued to Lopez discloses a
wave-actuated electricity generating device that includes a base
and a gate having bottom edge thereof pivotally coupled to the
base. The gate pivots in first and second directions with the
movement of the waves. A pushrod has proximal and distal ends and a
longitudinal axis extending therebetween. The proximal end of the
pushrod is pivotally coupled to the gate. The distal end of the
pushrod is adapted for coupling to an electric power generator of a
flywheel type.
[0006] However, while these prior art systems fulfill their
respective requirements, there is a need for further improvements
in converting tidal wave energy into electric energy.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The invention provides a system for converting marine
surface wave energy into electric energy. The system includes a
barrier disposed generally vertically and having at least a portion
thereof disposed above a surface of the body of water. The portion
has a substantially planar surface disposed substantially
transverse to direction of marine surface waves. There is a
predetermined plurality of spaced apart pylons at least partially
disposed in a vertical direction within the floor bed and aligned
in a first linear pattern substantially transverse to direction of
marine surface waves. There is also a predetermined plurality of
elongated members. Each of the predetermined plurality of elongated
members has each of a hollow interior and one end thereof disposed
on and secured to the bottom edge of the barrier. A hinge assembly
pivotally connects an opposed end of the each of the predetermined
plurality of elongated members to an exposed end of a respective
one of the predetermined plurality of first pylons. A predetermined
plurality of elongated chambers disposed within the barrier. Each
of the predetermined plurality of elongated chambers having a
longitudinal axis thereof aligned in a vertical direction. There is
a predetermined plurality of first electric generators. Each of the
predetermined plurality of first electric generators is mounted
within a respective elongated chamber and is coupled to storage of
electric energy. Each of the predetermined plurality of first
electric generators has a stator mounted for a rotational movement.
There is also means for imparting the rotational movement of the
stator. A predetermined plurality of first air passages formed
through a top end of a respective one of the predetermined
plurality of first electric generators. A predetermined plurality
of second air passages formed through a bottom end of the
respective one of the predetermined plurality of first electric
generators. There is a source of pressurized air supply having at
least an air pump and an air manifold connecting an output of the
air pump with each of the predetermined plurality of first air
passages. At least one column is provided and has a bottom end
thereof imbedded in the floor bed and has an opposed second end
thereof positioned above the surface of the body of water. A base
member is secured in a substantially horizontal plane to the at
least one column. A predetermined plurality of second electric
generators supported above the surface of the body of water in the
substantially horizontal plane on at least one of the at least one
column and the base member. Each of the predetermined plurality of
second electric generators disposed and coupled to the storage of
electric energy. There is means for pivotally connecting a distal
end of a movable portion of each of the predetermined plurality of
second electric generators to an inner surface of the barrier. At
least one stop is mounted on a selected one of the predetermined
plurality of columns. At least one powered attenuator is provided
and has a stationary member thereof supported above the surface of
the body of water in the substantially horizontal plane on the at
least one of the at least one column and the base member and having
a movable member thereof reciprocally movable in the substantially
horizontal plane in a linear direction generally transverse to the
inner surface of the barrier. There is means for pivotally
connecting a distal end of the movable member of the at least one
attenuator to the inner surface of the barrier. There is also a
control means for controlling movement of the movable member of the
at least one attenuator.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0008] It is, therefore, one of the primary objects of the present
invention to provide a system for converting tidal wave energy into
electric energy.
[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
system for converting tidal wave energy into electric energy that
employs a rigid barrier submerged in a body of water and pivotally
mounted to a floor bed and a predetermined plurality of electric
generators operable by barrier's pivotal movement caused by tidal
waves.
[0010] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a
system for converting tidal wave energy into electric energy that
employs a rigid barrier submerged in a body of water and pivotally
mounted to a floor bed, a predetermined plurality of electric
generators operable by barrier's pivotal movement caused by tidal
waves and hydraulic attenuators capable of each of cushioning
barrier's pivotal movement in one direction and enacting barrier's
movement in an opposed direction.
[0011] A further object of the present invention is to provide a
system for converting tidal wave energy into electric energy that
employs a rigid barrier submerged in a body of water and pivotally
mounted to a floor bed and stops for limiting barrier's pivotal
movement in one direction.
[0012] Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide
a system for converting tidal wave energy into electric energy that
employs a rigid barrier submerged in a body of water and a
predetermined plurality of electric generators, each mounted within
a chamber provided within the barrier and operable by barrier's
pivotal movement caused by tidal waves.
[0013] An additional object of the present invention is to provide
a linear electric generator capable of generating electric
energy.
[0014] In addition to the several objects and advantages of the
present invention which have been described with some degree of
specificity above, various other objects and advantages of the
invention will become more readily apparent to those persons who
are skilled in the relevant art, particularly, when such
description is taken in conjunction with the attached drawing
Figures and with the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates a rear isometric view of a system of the
present invention for converting tidal wave energy into electric
energy;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates a side isometric view of the system of
FIG. 1;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates a cut-away view of a linear electric
generator employed within the system of FIG. 1, shown in an
extended position, and which is constructed in accordance with one
embodiment of the invention;
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a side cut-away view of the linear
electric generator of FIG. 3 shown in retracted position;
[0019] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 1;
[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of a control arrangement
for the system of FIG. 1;
[0021] FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of the system of FIG. 1,
particularly illustrating barrier 30 in its normal position for
receiving impact energy from tidal waves;
[0022] FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of the system of FIG. 1,
particularly illustrating motion of the barrier 30 from its normal
position upon receiving impact energy from tidal waves;
[0023] FIG. 9 illustrates a cut-away view of a linear electric
generator employed within the system of FIG. 1, and which is
constructed in accordance with another embodiment of the
invention;
[0024] FIG. 10 illustrates an enlarged cut-away view of an upper
portion of the linear electric generator of FIG. 9;
[0025] FIG. 11 illustrates an enlarged cut-away view of a lower
portion of the linear electric generator of FIG. 9;
[0026] FIG. 12 illustrates an elevation view of the gear and rack
arrangement for rotating linear electric generator of FIG. 9;
[0027] FIG. 13 illustrates one environmental view of employing
linear electric generator of FIG. 9;
[0028] FIG. 14 illustrates another environmental view of employing
linear electric generator of FIG. 9;
[0029] FIG. 15 illustrates yet another environmental view of
employing linear electric generator of FIG. 9;
[0030] FIG. 16 illustrates a rear isometric view of a barrier
employed within the system of for converting tidal wave energy into
electric energy;
[0031] FIG. 17 illustrates a front isometric view of the barrier of
FIG. 16; and
[0032] FIG. 18 illustrates an environmental view of employing an
array of systems of FIG. 1.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0033] Prior to proceeding to the more detailed description of the
present invention, it should be noted that, for the sake of clarity
and understanding, identical components which have identical
functions have been identified with identical reference numerals
throughout the several views illustrated in the drawing
figures.
[0034] Now in reference to FIGS. 1-18, therein is provided a
system, generally designated as 20, for converting energy of tidal
waves 5 into electric energy. Such tidal waves 5, as is generally
known, are present on a surface 4 of a large body of water 2. The
surface 4 is generally meant to be defined as a mean low
waterline.
[0035] A first essential element of the system 20 is a barrier 30
which is disposed generally vertically and has each of a lower
portion 32 thereof submerged in a body of water 2 and an upper
portion 34 thereof disposed above the surface 4 of the body of
water 2. However, it is contemplated that the entire barrier 30 may
be positioned above the surface 4 of the body of water 2. The
barrier 30 defines a substantially planar outer surface 36 facing
outwardly and disposed substantially transverse to direction of
tidal waves 5 and an opposed inner surface 38 facing the shoreline
6.
[0036] Preferably, the upper portion 34 has a height between five
(5) feet and ten (10) feet. The overall size of each barrier 30
depends on the water depth from the surface 4 to the floor bed 8,
tidal wave conditions, ocean type shoreline and/or beach geological
conditions and marine ecological conditions.
[0037] It has been found that the barrier 30 manufactured from a
massively strong and durable pre-stressed pre-cast concrete is
sufficient for use in most applications. However, the instant
invention contemplates that other materials, for example such as
fiberglass, any engineered polymers including carbon composites,
polyethylene, polypropylene, and acetyl polymers, and/or marine
grade aluminum can be employed, in a novel manner, for
manufacturing the barrier 30 of the present invention. In the
applications with a lower tidal wave inertia generation, a
tremendous mass of concrete may reduce the conversion efficiency of
the kinetic energy of the tidal wave 5 into electric energy
generation, thus fiberglass, engineered polymers and/or marine
grade aluminum offers improved performance in such applications
with a lower tidal wave inertia generation as well as offers weight
reduced construction in all applications.
[0038] Barrier 30, when manufactured from fiberglass, engineered
polymers and/or marine grade aluminum, may be adapted with internal
vertical and horizontal reinforcement ribs creating an endoskeleton
(not shown) of exceptional strength with multidimensional
flexibility so as to withstand constant series of changing forces
both in terms of angular longitudinal impacts as the prevailing
wind angle changes and the wave heights and angle of vertical
forces changes with varying wind velocities and fetch conditions.
Since the tidal waves 5 strike at less than ideal ninety (90)
degree angles, the barrier 30 is designed to withstand sudden rogue
waves 5, generally defined as maximum through to crest wave heights
greater than two times of the nominal wave height.
[0039] Shipping and installation of the barrier 30 manufactured
from fiberglass, engineered polymers and/or marine grade aluminum
should greatly reduce weight and shipping requirements and simplify
assembly and installation effort. A fiberglass panel concept can be
reduced to a series of pieces that can be shipped and handled
without massive lifting cranes. The panel sections can then be
joined via internal stainless bolts on shore, at the site of
deployment. The external joints (not shown) between the panels can
then be "finished" with a top coat of fiberglass cloth and resin
included as a complete "kit" with each panel. This arrangement may
also provide for substantially reduced maintenance cost in case of
damages as well as substantially reduced personnel labor and
insurance costs.
[0040] The use of fiberglass, engineered polymers and/or marine
grade aluminum may allow ease of periodic access to the internal
joining rib panels and internal mechanisms for service and/or
replacement as opposed to their being permanently imbedded in a
heavy concrete panel.
[0041] Since fiberglass, engineered polymers and/or aluminum
materials are commonly used in the boat construction, damages to
the barrier 30 due to drifting logs, boat impacts or storm damage
can be easily repaired.
[0042] For the reasons to be explained later, the use of
fiberglass, engineered polymers and/or marine grade aluminum may
allow ease of assembly by way of molded interior cylinder into
which the internal components can be slid into place and then a
water proof, threaded cap be used to seal in the components.
[0043] However, the aforementioned benefits of the above described
fiberglass, engineered polymers and/or marine grade aluminum must
be viewed carefully due to potentially higher material costs as
compared with the barrier 30 manufactured from concrete.
[0044] Now in a particular reference to FIGS. 1, and 7-8, there is
also means for pivotally connecting a bottom edge 40 (or generally
a bottom end) of the barrier 30 to at least one of the floor bed 8,
rigid natural formation, for example such as a cliff or rock
formation (not shown), and a rigid structure, for example such as
an oil extracting platform rig (not shown). The present invention
is illustrated and described in combination with a near shore
installed system 20 having a floor bed mounted barrier 30, although
it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that the
present invention may be applied to above-referenced rigid
structures and formations and as such should not be interpreted as
a limiting factor of the system 20 of the present invention.
[0045] Such means for pivotally connecting the bottom edge 40
includes at least one and, preferably, at least a pair of spaced
apart first pylons 44 at least partially disposed within the floor
bed 8 and aligned in a first linear pattern. Each first pylon 44
may be manufactured from a recycled composite steel plastic and
range in size from about a four (4) inch diameter pipe to a twelve
(12) inch diameter pipe or "H" beam depending on the type of ocean
inertia to be attenuated. Each first pylon 44 is associated with an
elongated member 50 having one end 52 thereof disposed on and
secured to the bottom edge 40 of the barrier 30. The elongated
member 50 may have a hollow interior 54. A hinge assembly 57
pivotally connects an opposed end 56 of the each elongated member
50 to an upper end 46 of a respective one of the at least pair of
first pylons 44. The hinge assembly 57 is preferably of a clevis
type system including a U-shaped bracket 58 and pin 59 and further
employing sealed marine grade bearings (not shown).
[0046] The system 20 also includes at least one and, preferably, a
predetermined plurality of linear type electric generators. In
accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the linear
electric generators, generally designated as 60, are mounted in a
substantially horizontal plane in operable connection, by way of
main electrical conduit 11, to a storage of electric energy, such
as a collecting station 10, and are operable by the pivotal
movement of the barrier 30 in the rearward direction toward the
shoreline 6 with such pivotal movement caused by energy of the
tidal wave 5.
[0047] Now in a particular reference to FIGS. 3-4, each linear
electric generator 60 includes a hollow cylindrical housing 62
which is stationary disposed. The housing 62 has a closed front end
64 and a closed rear end 66. The housing 62 is preferably
manufactured from a corrosion proof heat transferring material,
such as stainless steel or composite polymer. An aperture 68 is
formed through the front end 64. An elongated stator 69 is mounted
within the hollow housing 62, mediate ends 64, 66 thereof. The
stator 69 is defined by at least on stack of high capacity copper
wire coil windings 69a disposed in a concentric cylindrical
fashion. The number of coil windings depends on the predetermined
output of the electric generator 60. When more than one coil stack
69 is provided, such coil stacks may be radially nested within each
other.
[0048] There is also a reciprocating rotor assembly, generally
designated as 72, that includes an elongated shaft 74, manufactured
from electrically non-conductive material, and a predetermined
plurality of annular permanent magnets 76 that are vulcanized to
the outer surface of the elongated shaft 74 mediate ends 80, 82
thereof for movement therewith. The magnets 76 are separated from
each other with spacers 77. The outer diameter of annular magnets
76 and spacers 77 and the inner diameter of the coil windings 69a
are sized so as to form an air gap 78 which is at least about
0.0984 inches (2.5 mm) and no larger than about 0.1969 inches (5.0
mm). In combination, a bearing 84 and a sliding (centering) block
85 are secured to the elongated shaft 74 at each end 80, 82 thereof
for movement therewith.
[0049] Each magnet 76 is preferably manufactured from a
metallurgical corrosion proof blend of magnetic materials selected
from the group comprising of platinum, beryllium, neodymium, gold,
antimony, iron, samarium, scandium, magnesium, zirconium, boron,
nickel, silver and various homogeneous mixtures thereof. The
spacers 77 are preferably manufactured from ferromagnetic and
corrosion proof materials selected from a group consisting of iron
platinum, nickel, cobalt, niobium, gold, copper and various
combinations thereof.
[0050] At least one first stationary watertight seal 86, preferably
manufactured from a combination of graphite and Teflon.RTM.
material is mounted on each end 80, 82 adjacent to the bearing 84.
A second stationary watertight seal 88, also manufactured from a
combination of graphite and Teflon.RTM. material, is mounted at
each end of the stator stack. Each end 80, 82 of the elongated
shaft 74 is also adapted with an elastomeric annular bumper 90 to
at least substantially minimize shock loads during operation of the
linear electric generator 60.
[0051] A drive rod 92 of a self lubricating type is provided and
has a proximal end 94 thereof rigidly secured to one end of the
elongated shaft 74, referenced with numeral 80 in FIGS. 3-4. The
drive rod 92 extends outwardly and axially through the aperture 68.
An annular flange or disk 98 is secured to drive rod 92 adjacent to
a distal end 96 thereof for movement therewith. A bellows member
100 is also provided and has one end 102 thereof secured in a water
tight manner to the closed front end 64 of the housing 62 and has
an opposed second end 104 thereof secured in a water tight manner
to the annular flange 98. A coiled attenuating compression spring
104 is caged within the bellows member 100 between the closed front
end 64 of the housing 62 and the annular flange 98. A third
stationary watertight seal 106, also manufactured from a
combination of graphite and Teflon.RTM., is preferably mounted at
the closed front end 64 of the housing 62. It must be noted that
other materials of the first, second and third water seals 86, 88
and 106 respectively, suitable for eliminating entry of the water
into the interior space of the housing 72 can be used in the
present invention.
[0052] An optional constant force stainless steel spring powered
cable spool assembly 110 is mounted within the housing 62 adjacent
to the bottom end 66 thereof and has a free end of the cable 112
connected to the end 82 of the elongated shaft 74. The cable spool
assembly 110 works in tandem with the attenuating spring 104 to aid
in the reciprocating movement of the rotor assembly 72 within the
housing 62.
[0053] A connection, such as an integrally sealed terminal
enclosure 114, is provided for communicating electric energy
generated by linear reciprocating movement of the rotor assembly 72
within the stator stack of coil windings 69a external to the
housing 62. Thus, the coil windings 69a are internally connected to
the terminal enclosure 114.
[0054] It is also within the scope of the instant invention to coat
the outer surface of the housing 62 with a corrosion proof high
molecular polyethylene isolator 116.
[0055] In operation, the energy from the tidal wave 5 impacting the
outer surface 36 of the barrier 30 causes such barrier 30 to pivot
at hinge assemblies 57 toward the shore 6 thus enacting linear
motion of the elongated shaft 74 in a direction toward the rear end
66 of the housing 62, while overcoming the resistance of the
attenuating compression spring 104 being in compression. When the
tidal wave 5 subsides and/or recoils from the outer surface 36 of
the barrier 30, attenuating compression spring 104 extends forcing
the outward linear movement of the elongated shaft 74 and return of
the barrier 30 to its normal position. Repetitive impact of the
successive tidal wave with the barrier 30 causes reciprocal linear
motion of the stator assembly 72 thus generating electric energy
during motion thereof.
[0056] The design of the linear electric generators 60 is defined
by a set of fundamental electromagnetic parameters including the
magnet thickness, which determines the air flux resistance density;
the electric loading, defined as the resistance winding current per
meter of the stator length along the direction of motion; the flux
density determined by the pole pitch and the total air-gap,
including the magnet polarization resistance. The flux due to the
winding current reduces the total and in turn causes the induced
voltage to fall. The effect as observed by electrical measurement
is the same as a series inductive reactance. This is called the
magnetizing polarization resistance reactance and it has a profound
influence on the performance of the linear electric generator 60.
The electric loading with the flux density affects the shear stress
developed at the air-gap and so in turn determines the active
surface area required and the overall dimensions and costs of the
linear electric generator 60.
[0057] The traveled resistance of the rotor assembly 72 relative to
the stator assembly 69 is determined by the linear stroke length
resistance to coil height resistance and is selected for maximum
mass displacement which is determined based on the length height
and inertia of the barrier 30.
[0058] Tables 1-3 provide design specifications and operational
parameters of the near shore installed array system 20 generating
about four hundred (400) KW of electric energy at each barrier 30
which is the mean power over the full cycle of the waves 5. The
reference design was calculated specifically for a shipping port in
the Dominican Republic requiring heavy concrete walls the system 20
employing a concrete barrier 30 having a length of about forty (40)
feet, height of about twenty (20) feet wide and thickness of about
twenty (20'') inches (12 m.times.6 m.times.609.6 mm) and eight (8)
linear electric generators 60, each having a stroke of about two
(2) to three (3) meters (m).
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Design specifications for electric
generators 60 Tran-stator total length m 4 Stator-active-length
(circumference of rotary mc) 2 Active width (length of rotary mc, m
for 0.41 double-sided) Air-gap each side mm 2.5 Active surface area
Sq.m 3.3 Magnet thickness mm 10 Pole arc/pitch 0.4 Pole pitch mm 50
End turn length mm 100 Length of a mean turn mm 1021.5 Slot pitch
mm 16.65 Tooth width mm 8.5 Slot width mm 8.15 Slot depth mm 24
Back iron depth mm 21.55 Slot fill % 50% Wire diameter mm 1.2 Turns
per coil 60 Coil per stator 90 Parallel coils per phase per stator
8 Series of coils per phase per 5 stator (stators in series)
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Operational parameters for electric
generators 60 Magnet reminisce T 1.0 Iron loss factor at 50 Hz,
W/Kg 6 1.5 Flux density T 0.90 Electric loading pk ka/m 45 Mean
shear stress KN/sq. m 22.4 Maximum armature reaction B T 0.11
Winding current density rmA/sq. mm 2.8 Maximum frequency Hz 6.27
Winding temp deg C. 40 Normal force KN 1.108 B tooth T 1.8 B back T
0.8
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Steady state performance parameters for
linear electric generators 60. Pu mega reactance 0.069 Slot leakage
reactance pu 0.033 Total synchronous reactance % 20.4 Coil rms emf
V 78.5 Coil resistance Ohm 1.13 Coil reactance Ohm 3.02 Coil
inductance Henry 0.0765 Phase emf stator Vrms 785 Phase resistance
Ohm 1.415 Phase inductance Henry 0.0955 Load resistance per phase
Ohm 18.45 Line-line output voltage Vrms 1359.5 Line current Arms
21.25 Peak-output power W 100,000 Peak I{circumflex over ( )}2R
loss W 9703.5 Mean output power W 50,000 Mean I{circumflex over (
)}2R loss W 5,047 Mean iron loss W 1,478 Mean eddy current loss W 1
Winding temperature (10 deg am-bent) 33.6 Mean efficiency %
88.8
[0059] Now, in a particular reference to FIG. 5, each linear
electric generator 60 may be connected by a separate cable 118 to a
central collecting station 10, particularly when alternative
current (AC) power is generated as frequency and voltage from each
linear electric generator 60 will differ sufficiently. When direct
current (DC) power is generated, output from each linear electric
generator 60 may be easily combined into a common cable for cost
containment reasons. Thus, at least one and preferably a plurality
of rectifiers 119 are provided inside the collecting and converting
station 144 to convert the generator AC output to voltage of a DC
type. The system 20 shown in FIG. 5 uses a plurality of rectifiers
119 local to each wave power device to convert the generator output
to DC at a voltage common to all the devices. A string of devices
feeding a common cable is an economical solution. A complete array
may have several such strings feeding a single collecting
station.
[0060] It will be appreciated that extra care is taken to provide a
reliable seal to prevent water ingress to the winding space by
employing materials of suitable quality and high performance for
marine applications. Furthermore, as these seals are stationary,
their integrity should be maintained over a period of many
years.
[0061] In further reference to FIGS. 1-2 and 7-8, the system 20
includes means, generally designated as 120, for securing the at
least one linear electric generator 60 in a position to generate
electric energy due to reciprocal pivotal movement of the barrier
30. Such means 120 includes at least one elongated column 122, that
may be a hollow tube, having a lower end 124 thereof at least
partially disposed within the floor bed 8. A base member 126 is
secured in a substantially horizontal plane on the at least one
elongated column 122 mediate ends thereof. The at least one linear
electric generator 60 is then supported by such base member 126 and
is secured thereto, for example with marine grade stainless steel
quick release clamps 127. For maintenance purposes, a platform 128
and boat ramp 129 may be also attached to the elongated column 122
below the base member 126. Advantageously, a navigation light 129
may be attached to upper end of the elongated column 122.
[0062] The system 20 further provides means, generally designated
as 130, for attenuating reciprocal pivotal movement of the barrier
30. Such means 130 includes at least one and, preferably, a pair of
attenuators 132 disposed in the substantially horizontal plane
above the surface 4 of the body of water 2. Each attenuator 132 may
be a conventional resilient member, for example such as a coiled
spring, but preferably such attenuator 132 is provided as a
hydraulic cylinder 132 having a housing 134 attached to the base
member 126 and having a piston 137 and a piston rod 136 mounted for
linear motion within the housing 134. A distal end 138 of the
piston rod 136 is at least engageable in abutting relationship with
the inner surface 38 of the barrier 30. Such distal end 138 is
preferably attached to the inner surface 38 and is allowed to pivot
by way of a pivot 139 in order to accommodate pivotal movement of
the barrier 30. The same pivot 139 is preferably employed for
connecting the distal end of the drive rod 92 of the linear
electric generator 60 to the inner surface 38 of the barrier
30.
[0063] Each attenuating hydraulic cylinder 132 is connected to a
source of hydraulic fluid pressure, such as a reservoir 140 which
may be also mounted on or within the elongated column 122.
[0064] Preferably, a pair of attenuators 132 is provided, each
disposed at or adjacent to one end of the barrier 30.
[0065] Tables 4-5 provide design specifications for attenuating
hydraulic cylinder 132 selected based on conservative values for
the hydraulic oil pressure of about two hundred (200) Bars and for
maximum stresses in the housing walls of about hundred (100)
mn/m.sup.2.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Operating parameters for hydraulic cylinder
132. Device mean power KW 50 capability Stroke Length m (4) Period
Sec 2 to 10 Maximum velocity m/s 1.311 Peak power KW 104 Trust
required KN 105.1
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Design specifications for hydraulic cylinder
132. Maximum velocity m/s 0.06 Stroke m 0.16 Maximum force KN 1000
Maximum pressure bar 100 Annulus area m{circumflex over ( )}2 0.05
Cylinder diameter m 0.2185 Cylinder wall stress MN/m{circumflex
over ( )}2 90 Cylinder wall thickness mm 21.85 Rod diameter M 0.126
Fluid flow L/sec. 5.0 Fluid flow L/min. 300 Working volume Litre
8.4 Velocity in pipe m/s 2.5 Pipe diameter mm 25.25 Pipe wall
stress MN/m{circumflex over ( )}2 90 Pipe wall thickness mm 5.01
Accumulator fluid volume Litre 79.5 Accumulator total volume
m{circumflex over ( )}3 0.24 HP accumulator wall stress
MN/m{circumflex over ( )}2 90 HP accumulator wall thickness mm 17
LP accumulator max. pressure bar 2.5 LP accumulator wall thickness
mm 7 Accumulator diameter m 0.34 Cylinder body mass Kg 195.5 Piston
rod mass Kg 125.5 Pipe mass Kg 11 HP accumulator mass Kg 96 Mass of
vegetable oil Kg 101
[0066] Now in a particular reference to FIG. 6, a controller 142,
preferably of a microprocessor type, an air compressor, a motor 145
and at least a hydraulic pump motor 146 are provided for
controlling flow of the fluid pressure to and from the hydraulic
cylinder 132, thus controlling linear movement of the piston rod
136 and, subsequently, controlling pivotal movement of the barrier
30. These components are preferably housed within a robust marine
grade stainless steel, high molecular polyethylene coated, climate
control equipment enclosure 148 so as to provide both for secure
and environmentally protected installation.
[0067] An Uninterrupted Power Service (UPS) backup may be provided
by a redundant combination of the reservoir 140A and the hydraulic
pump motor 146A to keep hydraulic cylinder 132 fully charged and
operational throughout the year. The redundant pump motor 146A may
be powered from the electric collecting and converting station 144
which would store and use a small amount of the converted electric
energy.
[0068] Each system 20 may include optional pressurization means
formed by the pair of attenuators 132 for increasing the pressure
of the hydraulic fluid as a result of the relative movement between
the attenuators 132 with hydraulic pressure from an inlet to an
outlet of each attenuator 132. Herein, the attenuators 132 are
connected by a hydraulic conduit piping 132A arrangement
communicating in series between the outlet 132B of each attenuator
132 and the inlet 132A of the associated succeeding unit for
conducting fluid through the pair of attenuators 132. A series of
check valves 132C are used for conducting the fluid in a single
direction therethrough thus providing for incremental increase of
the fluid flow and fluid pressure within each valve unit 132C in
succession as the hydraulic fluid passes from the inlet of an
initial unit at an initial pressure to the outlet of an initial
unit at an initial pressure to the outlet of the final unit at a
final pressure and stored in the high pressure backup reservoir
132D to prevent intermittence of electric power from the electric
generators 60.
[0069] A predetermined software algorithm is implemented within the
controller 142 to accommodate for the ocean wave conditions
adjusting to a full spectrum of wave height, wave energies, uplift,
wavelengths, wave directions, and momentum of inertia capability,
drag coefficient-fractional change in drag coefficient wave
friction, velocity and acceleration due to gravity and wind. To
intelligently help match and control the motion of the attenuating
hydraulic cylinders 132 to self adjust to the aforementioned sea
conditions or can be remotely overridden by land based operator to
adjust to sea conditions, enabling each barrier 30 to move
reciprocally with a cycle of between about two (2) seconds and
about five (5) seconds when waves 5 are small to medium height,
thus augmenting generation of electric energy at electric
generators 60 in a low tide condition and move reciprocally with a
cycle of between about six (6) seconds and about ten (10) seconds
when larger waves 5 are present, thus controlling the inertia force
of the larger ocean wave 5. In the present invention, such
predetermined software algorithm provides for temporarily
preventing flow of the hydraulic fluid until a predetermined
pressure is created through dynamic pressure caused by barriers 30
in order to accommodate conditions of the wave 5.
[0070] Affording the attenuating hydraulic cylinders 132 the
ability to stop the swaying motion of the barrier 30, and
permanently stay fixed to withstand a storm or hurricane, or
permitting, by way of a wave rider buoy 149, best shown in FIG. 8,
providing information to software algorithm, simple adjustments of
the attenuating hydraulic cylinders 132 to generate reciprocal
linear motion, the system 20 is enabled to generate electric energy
under substantially all wave conditions. Such wave rider buoy 149
provides the means for measuring the parameters of the tidal wave 5
ahead of the barrier 30 and communicating the measured parameters
in a signal form to the controller 142.
[0071] The aforementioned tsunami wave rider buoy 149 may be of a
type the same used by (NOAA) manufactured by Science Applications
International Corp (SAIC). The novel feature of this invention is
the ability to match characteristics of the buoy 149 to known power
requirements of the system 20. The rider buoy 149 shall be anchored
by piling at about two (2) kilometers away from the system 20 and
communicate either by a wired connection and preferably wirelessly
with inform the microprocessor controller software system 142 as to
any change in ocean wave conditions thus assisting in matching the
sea conditions with operation of the attenuating hydraulic
cylinders 132.
[0072] The barrier 30 acts as a point absorber of wave inertia. If
such barrier 30 has a natural frequency in resonance with the
incoming wave 5 then it has an effective width across the
wave-front equal to the wavelength/2.pi. i.e. typically three (3)
to five (5) meters (m) and would thus interact with waves 5
delivering power in the order of between about two hundred (200)
and about four hundred (400) kilowatt (KW). The fifty (50) to one
hundred (100) KW rated output is therefore consistent with the
anticipated input power to the device.
[0073] Now in a particular reference to FIGS. 9-11, the system 20,
constructed in accordance with another embodiment of the invention,
includes a predetermined plurality of electric generators,
generally designated as 150. Each electric generator 150 includes
an elongated hollow housing 152 having a round tubular
cross-section in a plane transverse to its length. The top end of
the housing 152 is closed by a first end member 160. The bottom end
of the housing 152 is closed by a second end member 161. To attach
each end member 160, 161 to respective end of the housing 152 there
may be provided complimentary threads 162 or any other suitable
means employed for closing open ends of the hollow tubular member.
The threads 162 are sealed on the exterior of the electric
generators 150 in a water tight manner, for example with a
conventional gel material employed in marine application for
sealing purposes. A rotor 154 is mounted within the hollow housing
152. Rotor 154 essentially comprises at least one stack of coil
winding 154a, each having a doughnut like cross-section in a plane
transverse to the length of the rotor 154. A stator 170 is also
provided and is disposed within the inner chamber 158 formed by the
peripheral inner surface 156 of the rotor 154 so that a magnetic
flux air gap 155 is provided between the inner surface 156 of the
rotor 154 and the outer peripheral surface of the stator 170. The
stator 170 includes a shaft 172 and a predetermined plurality of
annular magnets 174 mounted on the shaft 172 for rotation
therewith. A pair of adjacent magnets 174 may be separated by a
spacer 175. The shaft 172 is supported for rotation within the
housing 152. Although, conventional marine type bearing arrangement
can be employed in a robust watertight manner, the instant
invention takes advantage of magnetic bearing arrangement, thus
providing a substantially smooth effortless and friction free
alternating circular motion of the stator 170 within the housing
152. More particularly, the shaft 172 includes a pair of annular
collars 176, each secured to the peripheral surface of the shaft
172 for rotation therewith and a pair of bearings 176a and 176b
mounted in tandem and forming a magnetic flux air gap 176c between
opposed respective ends thereof. There is another magnetic air flux
gap 176d that is formed between the inner peripheral surface of
each bearing 176a, 176b and the outer peripheral surface of the
collar 176. One bearing, shown as 176a is securely mounted, by way
of an epoxy, within a cavity 166 provided within each end member
160, 161, while the other bearing 176b is securely mounted, for
example by way of epoxy, within a bearing housing 173 stationary
disposed within the housing 152 in spaced relationship with a
respective end 160, 161 thereof.
[0074] The resulting effect of such bearings 176a, 176b and collar
176 is that the rotor 170 is rotated in a full 360-degree rotation
manner and runs in a substantially stable and consistent manner.
Thus, the stator shaft 172 rotates without creating friction. The
cavity 166 housing the upper bearing 176a maintains substantially
original shape through the life of the system 20 void any irregular
or oval shapes associated with conventional motors. Furthermore,
since the shaft 172 rotates without friction, less energy and/or
momentum is required to start the rotation.
[0075] Full 360-degree rotation of the stator 170 ensures
substantially evenly distributed force of attraction and aids in
maintaining balance of the stator 170 during operation thus
avoiding shuddering or instability generally associated with
conventional rotors.
[0076] Furthermore, since resistance to friction is essentially
eliminated, the electric generator 150 is characterized by a
increased output.
[0077] Finally, since bearings 176a, 176b are friction-free as well
as lubrication-free, they are advantageous to withstand temperature
fluctuations associated with the body of water 2.
[0078] Such bearing arrangement is of a type as manufactured by any
one of Mecos Traxler AG of Winterhur Switzerland magnetic bearing,
SUNON of China and Magne-Motion, Inc of Devens, Mass. United
States.
[0079] The bottom end of the shaft 172 is adapted with a bearing
170e securely mounted within the cavity 166f provided in the second
end member 161. The bearing 176e is designed to withstand a number
of full speed de-levitations.
[0080] To enhance reliability, the electric generator 150 has an
uninterruptible power supply (UPS), which will provide the power
necessary to support the shaft 172 during coast down condition.
Furthermore, the upper end of the shaft 172 has an external thread
178 in order to fix the position, in the vertical longitudinal
direction, of the stator assembly 170 with a first threaded nut
fasteners 180. A sealing washer 182 is positioned between the
threaded nut 180 and the first (upper) end member 160 for sealing
purposes. There is also a second threaded nut fastener 184, having
an internal watertight seal manufactured from a Nylon.RTM.
material, that operatively engages the thread 178 and abuts the
first threaded nut fasteners 180. Sealing washer 186, preferably
manufactured from Teflon.RTM. material is also positioned between
the threaded nut fasteners 180, 184.
[0081] The exposed top surface of the first end member 160 is
adapted with a plurality of recesses 163 for ease of assembly and
disassembly.
[0082] Now in further reference to FIGS. 8-111 and in a particular
reference to FIGS. 12-15, each electric generator 150 is uniquely
positioned within an elongated chamber 190 provided within the
barrier 30 and disposed in a vertical direction when the barrier 30
is installed. The top end of the shaft 172 extends outwardly from
the respective top edge surface of the barrier 30. Due to the above
described mounting, it has been found necessary to remove heat
generated by the electric generator 150 during operation.
Accordingly, the present invention provides cooling means,
generally designated as 200, that includes at least one passage 202
formed through the thickness of each of the upper end member 160
and the lower end member 161. The passages 202 are connected
therebetween by at least one passage 203a which preferably has an
annular shape entirely encasing the outer peripheral surface of the
rotor 154 and at least one passage 203b in the bearing housing 173.
The outer end of the passage 202 formed in the second (lower) end
member 161 is generally closed with the valve 204, that has a pair
of flaps 206 and 209. The inner flap 206 is biased in closed
position by a spring 208. The outer flap 209 is biased in closed
position by the air or water pressure. Both flaps 206 and 209 open
due to air pressure introduced into the interior confines of the
housing 152 through the passage 202 formed in the upper end member
160 and connected to supply of cooled air pressure. Such
pressurized air supply is provided by a generally small two stage
dry air with cool tube air compressor 145, a pump motor 147, air
reservoir 140, and air cooler 140C, all preferably housed inside
the climate control water tight enclosure 148 mounted on the base
member 126. An air conduit 140D, air conduit check valve 140E and
air distribution manifold 140F, located atop of barrier wall 30 and
connected to air inlets 203 are provided for distributing the
cooled air to the electric generators 150.
[0083] An optional low pressure air chamber 300 below the bottom
end member 161 may be also provided for maintenance purposes. Such
chamber 300 is formed by a flange 302 being spaced outwardly from
the lower end member 161 and connected thereto with a rod 304, for
example by way of a conventional threaded arrangement. A retainer
flange 305 may be affixed on the surface of the rod 304 mediate
ends thereof. A knob 306 is provided for holding the flange 302 on
one end of the rod 304. A seal 308, such as an O-ring, is provided
to seal the chamber 300. A plurality of air passages 202a are
formed through the thickness of the flange 302 and are selectively
opened or closed by valves 204. Second pressurized air chamber 310
may be also provided.
[0084] In order for the electric generator 150 to generate electric
energy, there is means for enacting a rotational movement of the
shaft 172. In accordance with a presently preferred embodiment of
the invention, such rotational movement enacting means includes two
(2) tooth sprockets (or gears) 220 and 220a, each mounted on the
upper end of the shaft 172 for load rotation therewith in one
direction and freewheeling in the opposed direction. While the
sprocket 220 travels in one direction turning the generator shaft
172 to generate electric power with a full cycle load, sprocket
220a is free wheeling in the same direction with no load and while
the barrier 30 pivots back to its original upright position, and
now traveling in the opposite direction, pushed by the hydraulic
cylinders 132 as sprocket 220a is now traveling in this opposite
direction turning the generator shaft 172 to generate electric
power with a full load, while sprocket 220 is now free wheeling in
the same direction with no load. For example, the sprocket 220 or
220a may be of the type employed on conventional bicycles. The
sprockets 220 and 220a are connected to a tandem toothed gear rack
222 and 222a that has a curvilinear shape having a radius
substantially identical to the radius of the teeth of the pivoting
sprocket 220 and 220A relative to its pivot axis at the pivot
assembly 57. The toothed rack 222 and 222a are mounted on the drive
arm housing 224 which is preferably secured to the base member
126.
[0085] The electric generator 150 is also electrically coupled to
the collecting and converting station 144.
[0086] As the barrier 30 pivots back and forth in a reciprocal
motion due to the energy from the tidal wave 5 and operation of the
attenuators 132, the sprocket 220 travel reciprocally along the
directional arm guide gear rack 222 causing the shaft 172 to turn
and thus enabling the electric generator 150 to generate electric
energy in both directions. The sprocket 220 then free wheels on the
gear rack 222 when the barrier 30 pivots back to its original
position, as the sprocket 220a traveling along the toothed rack
222a causes rotation of the shaft 172.
[0087] The sprockets 220, 220a are held on the upper end portion of
the shaft 172 with nut fastener 221a and a washer 221b.
[0088] Although the pair of sprockets 220 and 220a has been
illustrated and described, use of a single sprocket 220 in
combination with a single rack 222 is also contemplated as best
shown in FIGS. 1-2. In further reference to FIGS. 1-2, at least one
and a pair of arms 224 may be employed for directly driving
electric generator 150 through the sprocket 220. The rotational
motion to other electric generators may be transferred by sprockets
226 and tooth belt 228.
[0089] The present invention also contemplates termination of the
inward pivoting of the barrier 30 by the bumper assemblies 240
having a mounting member 242 attached at one end to the elongated
column 122. The other end of the mounting member 132 is provided
with a pivot 134 having a bumper 136 attached thereto.
[0090] Now in further reference to FIG. 5, the system 20 may
contain, as a redundancy for safety and reliability for both
electric generators 60 and 150, a voltage collecting and
conditioning circuit 270, consisting of a transformer 272, a full
wave rectifier bridge 119, a super-capacitor electric power storage
back device 276, and an harmonic/voltage conditioning circuit 278
providing an harmonically safe well balanced useful output voltage
and current to an external electrical load, for grid integration,
all housed inside of the climate control equipment enclosure
148.
[0091] Since the tidal wave 5 that strikes the outer surface 36 of
the barrier 30 recoils generally upwardly before moving away from
the barrier 30, the instant invention also contemplates that a
baffle 280, best shown in FIGS. 16-17, may be attached to the outer
surface 36 of the barrier 30 at top edge thereof in order to
capture energy still contained by the recoiled wave 5 thus
increasing the performance of the system 20. The baffle 280
contains a continuous surface 282 shaped and disposed as to receive
the recoiled wave 5 in a generally transverse manner, as best shown
in FIG. 16. Such baffle 280 may be manufactured from any material
and preferably manufactured either from concrete or carbon fiber.
Attachment of the baffle 280 to the barrier 30 depends on their
respective materials. For example, a baffle 280 manufactured from
concrete may be integrally casted as part of the barrier 30 also
manufactured from concrete material. Braces or flanges 284 may be
used for fastening baffle 280 to the barrier 30 manufactured from
dissimilar materials.
[0092] In accordance with the most presently preferred embodiment
of the invention, the system 20 includes both linear electric
generators 60 and electric generators 150.
[0093] As best shown in FIG. 18, the system 20 may include an array
of barriers 30, linear electric generators 60 and linear electric
generators 150 providing generated electric energy to a single
collecting station 10.
[0094] Although the present invention has been shown in terms of
generating electric energy, the invention described herein is also
advantageous for preventing erosion of beachfront communities and
coastal shoreline municipalities, refinery's, electric power
generating stations and shipping ports, by attenuating strong
periodic undulations in an expanse body of water can both stop
and/or prevent erosion thus provide for generating energy from the
motion of waves. In the process, it uses no chemicals or fuel and
emits no fumes.
[0095] Thus, the present invention has been described in such full,
clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in
the art to which it pertains to make and use the same. It will be
understood that variations, modifications, equivalents and
substitutions for components of the specifically described
embodiments of the invention may be made by those skilled in the
art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as
set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *