U.S. patent application number 13/640641 was filed with the patent office on 2013-01-31 for direct traverse device.
The applicant listed for this patent is Mehmet Agrikli. Invention is credited to Mehmet Agrikli.
Application Number | 20130026279 13/640641 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43277531 |
Filed Date | 2013-01-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130026279 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Agrikli; Mehmet |
January 31, 2013 |
DIRECT TRAVERSE DEVICE
Abstract
A traverse device (1), suitable for particularly winding yarns,
comprising a longitudinally extending stator having a ferromagnetic
core material (4) provided with coil members (2, 3); a moving
element (6) having permanent magnets (8) forced by the coil members
and moved along the longitudinal direction of the stator. The
traverse device of the invention is comprises a moving element
co-axially provided outside the coil members which surround the
ferromagnetic core material; each coil member comprising a number
of winding units (10) in a manner that the current to flow in
clockwise direction while in the next winding of the same phase to
flow in counterclockwise; and winding units of each coil member
being spaced apart from one another allowing the winding units of
the other coil member can be placed within respective spaces.
Inventors: |
Agrikli; Mehmet; (Istanbul,
TR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Agrikli; Mehmet |
Istanbul |
|
TR |
|
|
Family ID: |
43277531 |
Appl. No.: |
13/640641 |
Filed: |
April 12, 2010 |
PCT Filed: |
April 12, 2010 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/TR10/00079 |
371 Date: |
October 11, 2012 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
242/476.7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02K 41/0356 20130101;
H02K 7/09 20130101; H02K 41/031 20130101; B65H 2555/13 20130101;
B65H 54/2833 20130101; H02K 3/26 20130101; H02K 3/47 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
242/476.7 |
International
Class: |
B65H 54/28 20060101
B65H054/28 |
Claims
1. A traverse device which may be suitably used on yarn winding
machines, or other machines in which traverse mechanisms are
useful, comprising a longitudinally extending stator having a
ferromagnetic core material (4) provided with coil members (2,3); a
moving element (6) having permanent magnets (8) forced by the coil
members (2,3) and moved along the longitudinal direction of the
stator, characterized in that the moving element (6) is co-axially
and outwardly or radially outwardly mounted on the coil members
(2,3) which surround the ferromagnetic core material (4); each coil
member (2,3) comprising a number of winding units (10) in a manner
that the current to flow in clockwise direction while in the next
winding of the same phase to flow in counterclockwise; and winding
units (10) of each coil member (2,3) being spaced apart from one
another allowing the winding units of the other coil member can be
placed within respective spaces.
2. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that the core
material (4), the coil members (2,3) and the moving element (6) are
of cylindrical form or a polygonal form, in particular
rectangular/square parallelepiped form.
3. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that the
moving element (6) having a hollow cylindrical or polygonal
sectional form essentially comprises a sliding bearing element (7),
carrying a number of permanent magnets (8) which are positioned one
next to another, and a bushing (9) covering the magnets (8).
4. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that a first
coil member is energized in phase A (11) and a second coil member
is energized in phase B (12) such a manner that the current flows
alternating with 90 degrees of phase shift.
5. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that when the
moving element (6) is in cylindrical form, each magnet (8), having
ring or arc segment-shape, is oppositely poled in radial direction,
and radial polarity of each magnet (8) is reversed with respect to
the next one; and when the moving element (6) is in a polygonal
form, each magnet (8) is oppositely poled from inwards to outwards,
and the polarity is reversed with respect to the next one along the
axis.
6. A traverse device which may be suitably used on yarn winding
machines, or other machines in which traverse mechanisms are
useful, comprising two longitudinally extending stators having a
ferromagnetic core material (4) provided with coil members (23); a
moving element (6) having permanent magnets (8) forced by the
[deg.] coil members (2,3) and moved along the longitudinal
direction of the stator, characterized in that the moving element
(6) is provided between the two stators having the coil members
(2,3) which surround the ferromagnetic core material (4); each coil
member (2,3) comprising a number of winding units (10) in a manner
that the current to flow in clockwise direction while in the next
winding of the same phase to flow in counterclockwise; and winding
units (10) of each coil member (2,3) being spaced apart from one
another allowing the winding units of the other coil member can be
placed within respective spaces.
7. A traverse device which may be suitably used on yarn winding
machines, or other machines in which traverse mechanisms are
useful, comprising two longitudinally extending stators having a
ferromagnetic core material (4) provided with coil members (2,3); a
moving element (6) having permanent magnets (8) forced by the coil
members (2,3) and moved along the longitudinal direction of the
stator, characterized in that the moving element (6) is provided
between the two stators having the coil members (2,3) provided on
the ferromagnetic core material (4) in a manner that windings of
coil members (2,3) face essentially to the moving element (6); each
coil member (2,3) comprising a number of winding units (10) in a
manner that the current to flow in clockwise direction while in the
next winding of the same phase to flow in counterclockwise; and
winding units (0) of each coil member being spaced apart from one
another allowing the winding units of the other coil member, can be
placed within respective spaces; and the core materials (4) being
optionally mounted or connected to each other by a ferromagnetic
base (16), which together define a C-like shape.
8. A traverse device as in claim 6, characterized in that the core
material (4), the coil members (2,3) are of a polygonal form, in
particular rectangular/square parallelepiped form.
9. A traverse device as in claim 6, characterized in that a first
coil member of the first stator is energized for phase A (11) and a
second coil member of the first stator is energized for phase B
(12), and a first coil member of the second stator is energized for
phase A (11) and a second coil member of the second stator is
energized for phase B (12) such a manner that the current flows
alternating with 90 degrees of phase shift.
10. A traverse device as in claim 6, characterized in that each
magnet (8) of the moving element (6) is oppositely poled from
inwards to outwards, and the polarity is reversed with respect to
the next one along the axis, in that the number of magnets (8) can
be one with single or multiple polarities on each side, or more
with single or multiple polarities on each side.
11. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that magnets
(39) are provided on the moving element (6) and oppositely poled
magnets (38) are provided on the traverse device (1) at the
required reversing points of the moving element (6).
12. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that magnets
(44) are provided on the ferromagnetic core (4) provided on the
traverse device (1) at the required reversing points of the moving
element (6).
13. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that spring
members (37) are provided on the traverse device (1), at the
required reversing points of the moving element (6).
14. A traverse device as in claim 13, characterized in that the
spring members (37) are selected from the group consisting of
mechanical springs; suitably shaped rubber materials; pneumatic
pistons; magnets (38,39); or a combination thereof.
15. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that the coil
members (2,3), when wound, comprise a form having multiple stripes
of a thin foil conductors (41) positioned between electrically
insulating backing film layers (42).
16. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that a
controlled energy supplying arrangement is provided for supplying
electrical current to a predetermined coil at a time, comprising
high side unidirectional electronic switching elements (MH1, MH2,
MH3, MH4, MH5 . . . ) being driven by a high side driving circuit
(19), are placed between the series connections of individual
winding members (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 . . . ) and the power line
connected to the positive terminal of adjustable unipolar current
controller (18); and low side unidirectional electronic switching
elements (ML1, ML2, ML3, ML4, ML5, . . . ) being driven by a low
side driving circuit (20), are placed between the series
connections of individual winding members (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 . . .
) and the power line connected to the negative terminal of
adjustable unipolar current controller (18); while the adjustable
unipolar current controller (18); high side driving circuit (19)
low side driving circuit (20), are controlled by controller
(17).
17. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that a
controlled energy supplying arrangement is provided for supplying
electrical current to a predetermined coil at a time, comprising
bidirectional electronic switching elements (TS1, TS2, TS3, TS4,
TS5, . . . ) being driven by circuits (23,24) are placed between
the series connections of individual winding members (W1, W2, W3,
W4, W5 . . . ) and the power lines connected to the terminals
adjustable bipolar current controller (22) alternately as one of
them is connected to first line, the second one is connected to
second line and the next one is connected to first line again; and
the bidirectional electronic switching elements (TS1, TS2, TS3,
TS4, TS5, . . . ) being driven by circuits (23, 24) while the
adjustable bipolar current controller (22) and bidirectional
electronic switching elements driving circuits (23,24) are
controlled by controller (17).
18. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that a
controlled energy supplying arrangement is provided for supplying
electrical current to a predetermined coil at a time, comprising
bidirectional electronic switching elements (TD1, TD2, TD3, TD4,
TD5, . . . ) being driven by circuits (23,24) are placed between
the series connections of individual winding members (W1, W2, W3,
W4, W5 . . . ) and the power lines connected to the terminals
adjustable bipolar current controller (22) alternately as two of
them are connected to first line, the adjacent two of them are
connected to second line and the two of them are connected to first
line again; and the bidirectional electronic switching elements
(TD1, TD2, TD3, T04, TD5 . . . ) being driven by circuits (23, 24)
while the adjustable bipolar current controller (22) and
bidirectional electronic switching elements driving circuits
(23,24) are controlled by controller (17).
19. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that a
position feedback unit is provided, comprising an electronic board
(26) having hall effect sensors (25) located inside the coil
members (2,3) along the axis; the hall effect sensors (25) sensing
the position of the moving member (6) having the magnets (8)
produce signals for a controller.
20. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that a
position feedback unit is provided, comprising an electronic board
(26) having hall effect sensors (25) located inside the wall member
(5) and outside the coil members (2,3) along the axis; the hail
effect sensors (25) sensing the position of the moving member (6)
having the magnets (8) or having additional position sensing
magnets (28) attached to moving element (6) produce signals for a
controller.
21. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that a
position feedback unit is provided, comprising an electronic board
(26) having hall effect sensors (25) located outside the wall
member (5) along the axis; the hall effect sensors (25) sensing the
position of the moving member (6) having the magnets (8) or having
additional position sensing magnets (28) attached to moving element
(6) produce signals for a controller.
22. A traverse device as in claim 1, characterized in that a
position feedback unit is provided, comprising an electronic board
(26) having light emitting diodes (31) and another electronic board
(30) having light sensing elements (32) located outside the wall
member (5) as face by face along the axis; and a light interrupter
(33) having sequential slits attached to moving element (6)
providing alternating interruption of light as the function of an
encoder to sense the position of the moving member (6) to produce
signals for the controller.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] Present invention relates to a traverse device that may be
used on yarn winding machines, as a linear motor and other machines
in which traverse mechanisms are useful.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0002] While necessary yarn carrying force of a traverse mechanism
of a yarn winder should be very low, speed of winding must be very
high, uniform and controlled for production considerations, and
traverse mechanisms should have quickest return in a short distance
for the quality of yarn packages.
[0003] The reciprocating motion in high speeds, with a quick
return, in short distances complicates the process, requiring
excellent control of the speed of such traverse motion.
[0004] There are several design aspects that may be considered to
be improved of the characteristics of a traverse device to provide
a better and faster traverse motion that may be used in mechanisms
for winding of yarn on a support element.
[0005] Not having turning members and not requiring driving several
related members, such linear motors for direct traversing systems
also provide significant advantage in terms of force/weight ratio
and for long term operation.
[0006] Directly and electrically driven traverse devices that may
be used for winding yarn onto a support element can be diversified
with different aspects.
[0007] The first diversification is the type of the moving element
or cursor which can be a coil or magnet fixed to on it which the
yarn carrying assembly is mounted.
[0008] The moving coil type of linear motor requires that coils be
moved, whereas the stator is consisting permanent magnets. The
cables for powering the coils have to be moving in this design,
which is not suitable for long term operation due to the fatigue of
the cables that occur by frequent reciprocating motion. Thus, it is
obviously more advantageous to use the moving magnet type traverse
device for winding yarn onto a support element. Traverse devices
with moving magnets not having moving coils and cables are
obviously more reliable and advantageous for long term
operation.
[0009] The second diversification is about the magnetic forces on
the moving element of the traverse device.
[0010] Coil and/or magnet and/or core interactions in a traverse
device create forces to run the device. In general, these forces
have parallel and orthogonal components. While the parallel
component is the useful force to move the moving element, the
orthogonal component provides attracting force between stator and
the moving element. The presence of orthogonal forces requires
robust bearing system such as rollers and bearings to overcome the
serious attracting forces. These mechanical components obviously
increase the weight of the moving element, thus it will consume
more energy during traversing and limit the acceleration
performance of the system. Thus, it is obviously more advantageous
to use the traverse device with balanced orthogonal forces for
winding yarn onto a support element.
[0011] The third diversification is the shape of the traverse
device.
[0012] There are known moving magnet traverse devices with
cylindrical shape having rod shaped moving element, like piston. In
this device, coils are fixed, whereas the rod consisting of
permanent magnets is moved. Tubular motors comprise permanent
magnets in cylindrical form to be moved reciprocally. Therefore,
yarn guides are placed at ends of the cylindrical tube of permanent
magnets.
[0013] Tubular traverse devices of these kind are however
disadvantageous in their use for yarn winding, since the presence
of the cylinder actuator and its lateral bulk would prevent the
winding heads being placed side by side, as is often the case on
textile machines. In addition, even if the moving masses are
reduced, they still remain high since the tube magnet or its
connected arm must have at least the length of the winding travel
plus a sufficient length that remains within the body of the
cylinder actuator in order to take the magnetic forces. Thus, it is
obviously more advantageous to use the traverse device without a
rod shaped moving element.
[0014] The fourth diversification is the structure of the cores of
the traverse device.
[0015] Traverse devices can be constructed as slotted or slotless
core types. The slotted types have extensions of the magnetic cores
at periodical distances along the length of linear motor. In these
types of devices the coils are wound in such a position to
magnetize the slots which are interacting with the magnets.
Manufacturing of slotted magnetic cores and the windings in these
kinds of traverse devices are more complex than slotless type.
[0016] Slotless design reduces the total size of the motor
considerably, allowing manufacturing more compact motors, reducing
complexity of the other parts, providing less complicated
manufacturing, having better heat transfer performance through the
placement of coils and allowing higher speeds. Slotless design also
eliminates the undesired cogging forces and decreases iron
losses.
[0017] Thus, it is obviously more advantageous to use the traverse
device with slotless structure.
[0018] The fifth diversification is the driving method of the
traverse device.
[0019] Since traverse devices used in a yarn winding system need a
moving magnet, the stator must consist of coils and magnetic core.
Considering the mass of the moving element, which should be as low
as possible for energy saving, only the necessary coils should be
energized on necessary places during the motion of the moving
element. Allocating the energy to different coils will need many
electronic components to be employed. Reduction of the number of
phases to drive the coils simplifies the allocation process. Thus,
it is obviously more advantageous to use the traverse device with
two phases.
[0020] The sixth diversification is the ratio of the number of
moving magnets continuously having force interactions with the
coils.
[0021] Since in a traverse device magnetic interactions of coil,
magnet and core create forces to run the device, in some designs
only the particular moving magnets or magnet poles may be under
force interactions while the others not at a particular time. To
achieve the necessary force to obtain the required speed and
acceleration, it is needed to increase the number of magnets or
magnet poles, which results increase in size and weight of the
moving element. Thus, it is obviously more advantageous the
traverse device which all the magnets in moving elements are always
in force interaction.
[0022] JP 8217332 discloses a device with a magnet which is related
to a yarn guide to act, a guide member to guide the magnet to be
capable of reciprocation, and magnetic force generating means to
generate strong magnetic force of the same pole as a magnetic pole
of the magnet on the facing side when the magnet reaches a position
as each end part of a traverse section of the yarn guide. It may
also be provided with electromagnets to reciprocate the magnet for
integrally controlling reciprocation of the magnet by the
reciprocation magnets and turning by the magnetic force generating
means.
[0023] JP 7137934 discloses an arrangement having a stator yoke
fixed thereto with a permanent magnet and a center yoke inserted
therein with a core (reciprocating runner) which is therefore
axially movable and which incorporates a flange attached to a yarn
guide receiver, are fixed to a side yoke in parallel with each
other. In this arrangement, sensors are provided at positions
inside of turn-back ends of the reciprocating stroke of the core so
as to detect passing of the core. With this arrangement, when a
predetermined time elapses, the core is stopped so as to reverse
the running direction of the core. With this arrangement in which
the core is surely turned back at the turn-back positions, a yarn
can be traversed at a high speed. That is, the time to be set on
the timer can be suitably selected.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0024] One object of the present invention is to provide a traverse
device that may be used on winding machines, as a linear motor, and
other machines in which traverse mechanisms are useful, which is
more efficient and faster and reliable.
[0025] The object aimed is achieved by a traverse device, suitable
for particularly winding yarns, comprising a longitudinally
extending stator having a ferromagnetic core material provided with
coil members; a moving element having permanent magnets forced by
the coil members and moved along the longitudinal direction of the
stator. The traverse device of the invention is characterized in
that a moving element co-axially provided outside the coil members
which surround the ferromagnetic core material; each coil member
comprising a number of winding units in a manner that the current
to flow in clockwise direction while in the next winding of the
same phase to flow in counterclockwise; and winding units of each
coil member being spaced apart from one another allowing the
winding units of the other coil member can be placed within
respective spaces.
[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
ferromagnetic core material, coil members and moving element can be
of cylindrical, rectangular/square or any polygonal profiled
form.
[0027] Another embodiment of the traverse device of the invention,
comprises a moving element provided between two stators having the
coil members which surround the ferromagnetic core material; each
coil member comprising a number of winding units in a manner that
the current to flow in clockwise direction while in the next
winding of the same phase to flow in counterclockwise; and winding
units of each coil member being spaced apart from one another
allowing the winding units of the other coil member can be placed
within respective spaces.
[0028] Another embodiment of the traverse device of the invention,
comprises a moving element provided between two stators having the
coil members which are provided outwardly at least on one side of
ferromagnetic core material; each coil member comprising a number
of winding units in a manner that the current to flow in clockwise
direction while in the next winding of the same phase to flow in
counterclockwise; and winding units of each coil member being
spaced apart from one another allowing the winding units of the
other coil member can be placed within respective spaces.
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0029] The present invention is to be evaluated together with
annexed Figures briefly described hereunder to make clear the
subject embodiment and the advantages thereof.
[0030] FIG. 1 generally shows a representative drawing of the
traverse device having a yarn guide to be used for winding yarn
onto a support member, like a bobbin which is turned by a drive
mechanism
[0031] FIG. 2 is a perspective drawing of a cylindrical type
traverse device showing the consisting elements in sectional
views.
[0032] FIG. 3 is a sectional drawing of cylindrical type traverse
device from 3 different sections, showing the locations of the coil
members, placement of magnets, direction of their polarities and
the path of magnetic flux lines generated from the permanent
magnets.
[0033] FIG. 4 shows the winding construction of coil members for
phase A and phase B separately for cylindrical type traverse
device.
[0034] FIG. 5 shows the assembly of the coil members of phase A and
phase B for cylindrical type traverse device.
[0035] FIG. 6 is the perspective drawing of rectangular type
traverse device showing the consisting elements in sectional
views.
[0036] FIG. 7 is the sectional drawing of rectangular type traverse
device from 3 different sections, showing the locations of the coil
members, placement of magnets, direction of their polarities and
the path of magnetic flux lines generated from the permanent
magnets.
[0037] FIG. 8 shows the winding construction of coil members for
phase A and phase B separately for rectangular type traverse
device.
[0038] FIG. 9 shows the assembly of the coil members of phase A and
phase B for rectangular type traverse device.
[0039] FIG. 10 is the perspective drawing of double-stator and coil
surrounding core type traverse device showing the consisting
elements in sectional view.
[0040] FIG. 11a and FIG. 11b are the sectional drawings of
double-stator and coil surrounding core type traverse device from 3
different sections, showing the locations of the coil members,
placement of magnets, direction of their polarities and the path of
magnetic flux lines generated from the permanent magnets.
[0041] FIG. 12 shows the winding construction of coil members for
phase A and phase B of left stator separately for double-stator and
coil surrounding core type traverse device.
[0042] FIG. 13 shows the winding construction of coil members for
phase A and phase B of right stator separately for double-stator
and coil surrounding core type traverse device.
[0043] FIG. 14 shows the assembly of the coil members of phase A
and phase B for double-stator and coil surrounding core type
traverse device.
[0044] FIG. 15 is the perspective drawing of double-stator and
essentially magnet facing coil type traverse device showing the
consisting elements in sectional view.
[0045] FIG. 16a and FIG. 16b are the sectional drawings of
double-stator and essentially magnet facing coil type traverse
device from 3 different sections, showing the locations of the coil
members, placement of magnets, direction of their polarities and
the path of magnetic flux lines generated from the permanent
magnets.
[0046] FIG. 17a and FIG. 17b show the winding construction of coil
members for phase A and phase B of left stator separately and
assembled for double-stator and essentially magnet facing coil type
traverse device.
[0047] FIG. 18a and FIG. 18b show the winding construction of coil
members for phase A and phase B of right stator separately and
assembled for double-stator and essentially magnet facing coil type
traverse device.
[0048] FIG. 19 is showing the assembly of the coil members of phase
A and phase B for double-stator and essentially magnet facing coil
type traverse device.
[0049] FIG. 20 is the perspective drawing of double-stator and
essentially magnet facing coil type traverse device with the
extended core showing the consrsting elements in sectional
view.
[0050] FIG. 21a and FIG. 21b are the sectional drawings of
double-stator and essentially magnet facing coil type traverse
device with extended core from 3 different sections, showing the
locations of the coil members, placement of magnets, direction of
their polarities and the path of magnetic flux lines generated from
the permanent magnets.
[0051] FIG. 22 shows the schematic graph of sequence of applying
current to Phase A and Phase B of cylindrical and rectangular type
traverse device.
[0052] FIG. 23 shows the schematic flux lines and magnetic poles
generated from the coil members at a particular current flow
condition in coil members from FIG. 22 for cylindrical and
rectangular type traverse device.
[0053] FIG. 24 shows the table of the changing polarities of coils
which generate moving magnetic field along axis of coil members at
sequential sections from FIG. 22 and from FIG. 23 for cylindrical
and rectangular type traverse device.
[0054] FIG. 25 shows the schematic graph of sequence of applying
current to Phase A and Phase B of double-stator and coil
surrounding core type traverse device.
[0055] FIG. 26 shows the schematic flux lines and magnetic poles
generated from the coil members at a particular current flow
condition in coil members from FIG. 25for double-stator and coil
surrounding core type traverse device.
[0056] FIG. 27 shows the table of the changing polarities of coils
which generate moving magnetic field along axis of coil members at
sequential sections from FIG. 25 and from FIG. 26 for double-stator
and coil surrounding core type traverse device.
[0057] FIG. 28 shows the schematic graph of sequence of applying
current to Phase A and Phase B of double-stator and essentially
magnet facing coil type traverse device.
[0058] FIG. 29 shows the schematic flux lines and magnetic poles
generated from the coil members at a particular current flow
condition in coil members from FIG. 28 for double-stator and
essentially magnet facing coil type traverse device.
[0059] FIG. 30 shows the table of the changing polarities of coils
which generate moving magnetic field along axis of coil members at
sequential sections from FIG. 28 and from FIG. 29 for double-stator
and essentially magnet facing coil type traverse device.
[0060] FIG. 31 shows the schematics of electronic circuit for
splitting the active windings in a coil member to energize as 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, . . . windings at a time by means of unidirectional
electronic switching elements such as Mosfets, IGBTs or transistors
for a traverse device
[0061] FIG. 32 shows the schematics of electronic circuit for
splitting the active windings in a coil member to energize as 1, 2,
3, 5, 6, 7, . . . windings at a time by means of bidirectional
electronic switching elements such as Triacs or solid state relays
for a traverse device.
[0062] FIG. 33 shows the schematics of electronic circuit for
splitting the active windings in a coil member to energize as 2 or
6 windings at a time by means of bidirectional electronic switching
elements such as Triacs for a traverse device.
[0063] FIG. 34 shows the method of position sensing by means of
Hall Effect sensor arrays placed inside of the coil members along
their axis for cylindrical and rectangular type traverse
device.
[0064] FIG. 35 shows the method of position sensing by means of
Hall Effect sensor arrays placed inside of the thin wall member
along their axis for double stator type traverse device.
[0065] FIG. 36 shows the method of position sensing by means of
Hall Effect sensor arrays placed outside thin wall members along
their axis for cylindrical and rectangular type traverse
device.
[0066] FIG. 37 shows the method of position sensing by means of
Hall Effect sensor arrays placed outside thin wall members along
their axis for double stator type traverse device.
[0067] FIG. 38 shows the method of position sensing by means of
optical sensor arrays placed outside thin wall members along their
axis for cylindrical and rectangular type traverse device.
[0068] FIG. 39 shows the method of position sensing by means of
optical sensor arrays placed outside thin wall members along their
axis for double stator type traverse device
[0069] FIG. 40 shows the traverse device with two spring members
and magnets for spring effects on the return points.
[0070] FIG. 41 shows the front drawing of a traverse device with
two spring members and magnets for spring effects on the return
points.
[0071] FIG. 42 a perspective drawing of a cylindrical type traverse
device showing the spring effect magnets placed on the
ferromagnetic core.
[0072] FIG. 43 a perspective drawing of a double stator type
traverse device showing the spring effect magnets placed on the
ferromagnetic core.
[0073] FIG. 44 shows the alternative way of construction of coils
with conductor foil and insulation film.
DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0074] As seen in FIG. 2, traverse device (1) comprises coil
members (2,3) placed onto a cylindrical ferromagnetic core material
(4). A thin wall member (5), preferably made of a non-magnetic
material, covers the coil members (2,3) and so core material (4).
There is provided a hollow cylindrical moving element (6) onto the
wall member (5) the longitudinal axis of which coincides with that
of the core material (4). The moving element (6) essentially
comprises a bearing element (7) holding a number of permanent
magnets (8) and a bushing (9) preferably made of a ferromagnetic
material covering the magnets (8). Each ring or arc segment shaped
magnet (8) is oppositely poled in radial direction, and radial
polarity of each magnet (8) is reversed with respect to the next
one along the axis, i.e. if the first magnet is poled N-S radially,
the next magnet in axial direction is poled S-N radially. A ring or
arc segment multi-poled single magnet can also be used
alternatively. The magnets (8) Preferably encircle the coil members
(2,3) entirely.
[0075] Coil members (2,3) encircle the ferromagnetic core material
(4) entirely. A yarn guide (14) is provided to the moving element
(6) to guide yarns to be wound onto a support member.
[0076] As seen in FIG. 3, the magnetic flux lines (15) of permanent
magnets (8) path is encapsulated along magnets (8), coil members
(2,3), ferromagnetic core material (4) and bushing (9), which will
interact with the magnetic flux lines (13) of energized coil
members (2,3). Because of the magnets (8) are provided to encircle
the coil members (2,3) or placed symmetrically in radial direction,
and the coil members (2,3) are provided to encircle the core
material (4), the sum of orthogonal forces applied on the moving
element (6), in respect of the axis of the core material (4), will
be zero and a magnetically-balanced structure is obtained. As seen
in FIG. 4, each coil member (2,3) comprises a number of winding
units (10) preferably each being serially connected to one another
in a manner that while the current flows in clockwise direction in
one winding, it flows in counterclockwise direction in the
following winding. Each winding unit (10) of each coil member (2,3)
is spaced apart from one another, so that the winding units of the
other coil member can be placed within respective spaces of the
coil member, as seen in FIG. 5. It should be appreciated that
instead of connecting the winding units (10) serially to have
opposite current flows, i.e. clockwise and counterclockwise, in two
consecutive winding units (10) can be achieved by providing
electrical current to each winding unit independently.
[0077] The force required to move the permanent magnets (8) is
achieved by moving the magnetic field, which is created by shifting
phase of current flow over the coil members 113 (2,3) for a two
phase drive configuration: Namely, the first coil member (2) is
energized in phase A (11) and the second coil member (3) is
energized in phase B (12) such a manner that the current flows
alternating with 90 degrees of phase shift. Currents on each coil
member (2,3) are shown in FIG. 22. The effect of a sample current
situation is shown in FIG. 23 with the schematic magnetic flux
lines (13) on the cross sectional view of the first coil member for
phase A (11) and the second coil member for phase B (12). It should
be noted that for every different current application to the coil
members (11,12) results occurrence of the polarities of magnetic
field at different but periodical locations along the axis. In FIG.
24 the moving magnetic field is shown as a table with referencing
the currents in the said coil members (2, 3) along the sample of
the length of the device by referencing the width of the said coil
members (2,3).
[0078] This arrangement is also magnetically balanced, as the sum
of orthogonal forces applied on the moving element (6), in respect
of the axis of the core material (4), will be zero.
[0079] While the number of magnets (8) of the moving element (6)
can be selected independently, the inventor has surprisingly found
that the most effective outcomes are achieved when the magnets (8)
with three opposing polarities along the axis. This applies to
other embodiments to be detailed below.
[0080] As seen in FIG. 6, core material (4), coil members (2,3) and
moving element (6) can be of rectangular/square parallelepiped
form, other than cylindrical form. It is to be appreciated that
these members/elements (2,3,4,6) can be of any polygonal geometric
form other than the above specified forms. While the working
principle of the alternative traverse device (1) shown in FIGS. 6-9
is exactly same with that of the above, an advantageous effect of
having a prismatic cross-section of these members/elements
(2,3,4,6) compared to that of a cylindrical is that moving element
(6) is prevented from rotating about its own axis while making
reciprocating motion.
[0081] Each rectangular prism shaped magnet (8) is oppositely poled
from inwards to outwards, and the polarity is reversed with respect
to the next one along the axis, i.e. if the first magnet is poled
N-S from inwards to outwards, the next magnet in axial direction is
poled S-N from inwards to outwards. A flat multi-poled single
magnet can also be used alternatively. The magnets (8) are
preferably placed all of the sides of the coil members (2,3).
[0082] As seen in FIGS. 8-9, each coil member (2,3) has a form
complying with that of the core material (4), and similarly
comprises a number of winding units (10) preferably each being
serially connected to one another.
[0083] Another embodiment of the traverse device (1) is shown in
FIGS. 10-14. This embodiment is similar to that shown in FIG. 6 in
that the coil members (2,3) encircle the core material (4)
entirely. Difference is that two stators each having a core
material (4) with coil members (2,3) are provided to be placed
side-by-side longitudinally. A gap is provided between the stators
allowing the moving element (6) having magnets (8) to move freely.
The winding units (10) of the coil members (2,3) in both of the
stators are connected in parallel or in series configuration in a
manner that when certain winding units (10) of the first stator are
energized, opposite (corresponding) winding units (10) of the
second stator are energized simultaneously. In this embodiment, the
bearing element (7) carrying the magnets (8) may have an "I-like"
profile so that the upper and lower portions thereof can be
supported by the upper and lower surfaces of the wall members (5)
of each stators. Coil members (2,3) preferably encircle the core
materials (4) entirely.
[0084] As seen in FIG. 11b, the magnetic flux lines (15) of
permanent magnets (8) path is encapsulated along magnets (8), coil
members (2,3) on both sides and ferromagnetic core material on both
sides (4) which will interact with the magnetic flux lines (13) of
energized coil members (2,3) for a two phase drive configuration.
Because of the identical configuration of the core materials (4)
and coil members (2,3), the sum of orthogonal forces applied on the
moving element (6) will be zero and a magnetically-balanced
structure is obtained.
[0085] As seen in FIGS. 12-14, each coil member (2,3) has a form
complying with that of the core material (4), i.e. a polygonal
form, and similarly comprises a number of winding units (10)
preferably each being serially connected to one another. Currents
on each coil member (2, 3) are shown in FIG. 25. The effect of a
sample current situation is shown in FIG. 26 with the schematic
magnetic flux lines (13) on the cross sectional view of the first
coil member(2) of the first stator is energized for phase A (11)
and the second coil member(3) of the first stator is energized for
phase B (12), and the first coil member(2) of the second stator is
energized for phase A (11) and the second coil member(3) of the
second stator is energized for phase B (12). In FIG. 27 the moving
magnetic field is shown as a table with referencing the currents in
the said coil members (2, 3) along the sample of the length of the
device by referencing the width of the said coil members (2,3).
[0086] Another embodiment of the traverse device is shown in FIGS.
15-19. This embodiment is similar to that shown in FIGS. 10-14.
Difference is that coil members (2,3) are provided essentially on
the surface of the respective core materials (4) that face to the
moving element (6). One advantageous aspect of placing the winding
units (10) of the coil members (2,3) to essentially face to the
magnets (8) is that the magnetic field created is effectively used
to actuate the magnets (8), and not dissipated, which would be
otherwise spread to the space where the magnet (8) is not
existent.
[0087] In FIGS. 17a to 19, coil members (2,3) to be essentially
faced to the magnets (8), when mounted to respective core materials
(4) are shown. As seen in FIGS. 17a-19, each coil member (2,3) has
a form complying with that of the core material (4), i.e. a
polygonal form, and similarly comprises a number of winding units
(10) preferably each being serially connected to one another.
Currents on each coil member (2, 3) are shown in FIG. 28. The
effect of a sample current situation is shown in FIG. 29 with the
schematic magnetic flux lines (13) on the cross sectional view of
the first coil member(2) of the first stator is energized for phase
A (11) and the second coil member(3) of the first stator is
energized for phase B (12), and the first coil member(2) of the
second stator is energized for phase A (11) and the second coil
member(3) of the second stator is energized for phase B (12). In
FIG. 30 the moving magnetic field is shown as a table with
referencing the currents in the said coil members (2, 3) along the
sample of the length of the device by referencing the width of the
said coil members (2,3).
[0088] As seen in FIG. 16b, the magnetic flux lines (15) of
permanent magnets (8) path is encapsulated along magnets (8), coil
members (2,3) on both sides and ferromagnetic core material on both
sides (4) which will interact with the magnetic flux lines (13) of
energized coil members (2,3). Because of the identical
configuration of the core materials (4) and coil members (2,3), the
sum of orthogonal forces applied on the moving element (6) will be
zero and magnetically balanced structure is obtained.
[0089] Another embodiment of the traverse device is shown in FIGS.
20-21b. This embodiment is similar to that shown in FIGS. 15-19.
Difference is that the ferromagnetic core materials (4) of both
stator are extended to each other or mounted on a ferromagnetic
base (16), or connected to each other thereby, which define
together a C-like shape. With this combination, the magnetic flux
(13) produced by coil members (2,3) and magnets (8) will be able to
flow from one stator to other stator, which increases the flux, and
which in turn increases the force on the moving element (6).
[0090] The effect of this configuration on flux flow can be seen
from FIG. 21a.
[0091] All embodiments above define magnetically balanced
structures in that orthogonal components of forces occurred between
the magnets (8) and the coil members (2,3) while the magnets (8)
are moved, and allowing parallel components of these forces to
remain, which are useful to move the magnets (8) longitudinally.
Further, the embodiments above, all comprise slotless type coil
members (2,3) with two phase drive configuration, which provides
achievement of considerably higher forces to move the magnets (8)
without saturating ferromagnetic core (4) magnetically. The number
of magnets (8) used in the moving element (6) of all the
embodiments above can be of any number, such as single magnet with
single or multiple polarities on each side, or multiple magnets
with single or multiple polarities on each side.
[0092] As the moving element (6) of the traverse device should move
along the axis and the coil members (2,3) which are essentially
placed as covering the whole path of motion, only the currents
flowing in some portion of winding units (10) contribute the linear
motion of the moving element (6). This means that useful winding
units (10), in this respect, are those, which are just interacting
with the moving element (6) at a particular position. Energizing
the rest of the winding units (10), which do not contribute to the
motion of the moving element (6) would obviously result energy
waste.
[0093] For this reason, it is necessary to energize a particular
winding unit at a time, corresponding to the location of moving
element (6) along the motion path, continuously during the
motion.
[0094] As seen from FIG. 22, FIG. 25, FIG. 28, it is needed to
apply different level of currents flowing to any direction of coil
members (2,3) at any time to have a continuous motion.
[0095] This invention proposes three separate arrangements to
control the supplying of energy for winding units (10) and
supplying the current to desired direction at desired level to
perform the continuous motion of magnets (8).
[0096] The first embodiment uses unidirectional electronic
switching elements such as mosfets, IGBTs or transistors.
[0097] As shown in FIG. 31, the winding units (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5,
. . . ) of any coil member (2) or (3) are serially connected as in
FIG. 4, FIG. 8, FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 17a, FIG. 18a.
[0098] A controller (17) controls the necessary current level of
any phase by means of an adjustable unipolar current controller
(18) which may be preferably a PWM controller.
[0099] The high side transistors (MH1, MH2, MH3, MH4, MH5, . . . ),
being preferably of Mosfet-type, are placed between the series
connections of individual winding members (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, . .
. ) and the power line connected to the positive terminal of
adjustable unipolar current controller (18). The actuation of these
transistors (MH1, MH2, MH3, MH4, MH5, . . . ) are performed by the
high side transistor driving circuit (19), which is commanded by
the same controller (17). Similarly the low side transistors (ML1,
ML2, ML3, ML4, ML5, . . . ), being preferably of Mosfet-type, are
placed between the series connections of individual winding members
(W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 . . . ) and the power line connected to the
negative terminal of adjustable unipolar current controller (18).
The actuation of these transistors (ML1, ML2, ML3, ML4, ML5, . . .
) are performed by the low side transistor driving circuit (20),
which is commanded by the same controller (17).
[0100] This embodiment gives the freedom to activate any number of
neighboring winding units (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 . . . ) at a time by
activating the required high side transistor (ML1, ML2, ML3, ML4,
ML5, . . . ) and activating the required low side transistor (ML1,
ML2, ML3, ML4, ML5, . . . ) at a time
[0101] For example, if winding members, say (W5) and (W6), are
needed to be energized in such a way that the current is flowing
through from winding member (W5) to winding member (W6), the high
side transistor (MH5) and the low side transistor (ML7) are
activated. Similarly, if the winding members (W5) and (W6) is
needed to be energized in such a way that the current is flowing
through from winding member (W6) to winding member (W5), i.e. the
opposite direction of the above current flow, the high side
transistor (MH7) and the low side transistor (ML5) are
activated.
[0102] Bidirectional electronic switching elements such as Triacs,
solid state relays are used for the second embodiment.
[0103] As shown in FIG. 32, The winding units (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5,
. . . ) of any coil member (2) or (3) are serially connected as in
FIG. 4, FIG. 8, FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 17a, FIG. 18a.
[0104] In this embodiment, the controller (17) controls the
necessary current level and current direction of any phase by means
of an adjustable bipolar current controller (22) which can be
preferably an H-Bridge PWM controller.
[0105] The bidirectional electronic switching elements (TS1, TS2,
TS3, TS4, TS5, . . . ), being preferably of Triac-type, are placed
between the series connections of individual winding members (W1,
W2, W3, W4, W5 . . . ) and the power lines connected to the
terminals adjustable bipolar current controller (22) alternately as
one of them is connected to first line, the second one is connected
to second line and the next one is connected to first line again.
The actuation of these Triacs (TS1, TS2, TS3, TS4, TS5, . . . ) are
performed by Triac driving circuits (23, 24) which are commanded by
the same controller (17).
[0106] This embodiment gives the freedom to activate any number of
neighboring winding units (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, . . . ) at a time by
activating the required Triacs (TS1, TS3, TS5 . . . ) connected to
first power line of adjustable bipolar current controller (22) and
activating the required Triacs (TS1, TS3, TS5 . . . ) connected to
second power line at a time.
[0107] This configuration allows energizing the winding members
(W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, . . . ) as serial connection, if the required
number of energized winding unit is odd, such as 1,3,5 etc. This
configuration allows energizing the winding members (W1, W2, W3,
W4, W5, . . . ) as parallel, if the required number of energized
winding unit is 2.
[0108] For example, if only 3 winding members, say (W5), (W6) and
(W7), are needed to be energized, the Triac (TS5) connected to the
first line and Triac (TS8) connected to the second line are
activated. As can be understood from the FIG. 32, three of the
winding members (W5), (W6) and (W7) are connected in series to the
lines connected to the terminals of adjustable bipolar current
controller (22) which is supplying the controlled level and
direction of the current to the coils.
[0109] If, for example, only 2 winding members, say (W5) and (W6),
are needed to be energized, the Triacs (TS5) and (TS7) connected to
the first line and Triac (TS6) connected to the second line are
activated. As can be understood from the FIG. 32, both of the
winding members (W5), and (W6) are connected in parallel to the
lines connected to the terminals of adjustable bipolar current
controller (22) which is supplying the controlled level and
direction of the current to the said coils. In this case the coil
members should be wound such way that allowing the current flows in
opposite direction in two adjacent winding units complying the
required flux generation.
[0110] The third embodiment also uses bidirectional electronic
switching elements such as Triacs, solid state relays.
[0111] As shown in FIG. 33, the winding units (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 .
. . ) of any coil member (2) or (3) are serially connected as in
FIG. 4, FIG. 8, FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 17a, FIG. 18a.
[0112] The controller (17) controls the necessary current level and
current direction of any phase by means of the adjustable bipolar
current controller (22) which can be preferably an H-Bridge PWM,
controller.
[0113] The bidirectional electronic switching elements (TD1, TD2,
TD3, TD4, TD5, . . . ), being preferably of Triac-types, are placed
between the series connections of individual winding members (W1,
W2, W3, W4, W5 . . . ) and the power lines connected to the
terminals adjustable bipolar current controller (22) alternately as
two adjacent ones are connected to first line, the two adjacent
ones are connected to the second line and the next two adjacent
ones are connected to first line again. Actuations of these Triacs
(TD1, TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5 . . . ) are performed by the Triac driving
circuits (23, 24) which are commanded by the same controller
(17).
[0114] This embodiment gives the possibility to activate the two of
the neighboring winding units (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 . . . ) at a time
by activating the required Triacs (TD1, TD2, TD5 . . . ) connected
to the first power line of the adjustable bipolar current
controller (22) and activating the required Triacs (TD3, TD4, TD7 .
. . ) connected to the second power line at a time.
[0115] This configuration allows energizing the winding members
(W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 . . . ) as series connection if the required
number of energized winding unit is 2.
[0116] For example, if two winding members, say (W5), and (W6), are
needed to be energized, Triac (TD5) connected to the first line and
Triac (TD7) connected to the second line are activated. As can be
understood from the FIG. 33, two of the winding members (W5), and
(W6) are connected in series to the lines connected to the
terminals of adjustable bipolar current controller (22) which is
supplying the controlled level and direction of the current to the
coils.
[0117] Adjustable unipolar and bipolar current controllers (18 and
22) provide the control of the traverse length, and the speed and
the position of the moving element (6), which enhances the
versatility of the instant traverse device.
[0118] A traverse device essentially needs precise position and
speed control. Also the commutation of the coil members (2,3)
essentially needs the position feedback. For this reason four
different position feedback units are proposed with this
invention.
[0119] In the first embodiment, as in FIG. 34 an electronic board
(26) having hall effect sensors (25) are located inside the coil
members (2,3) along the axis, as an array. The magnets (8) provided
in the moving member (6) will provide the necessary magnetic flux
to the hall effect sensors (25) to sense the exact position of the
said moving member (6) and produce signals for the controller. The
effect of the flux produced by coil members (2,3) will be
compensated by appropriate circuitry and/or software of the
controller.
[0120] In the second embodiment, as in FIG. 35 the electronic board
(26) consisting hall effect sensors (25) are located inside of the
wall member (5) but outside the coil members (2,3) along the axis,
as an array. The magnets (8) provided in the moving member (6) or
additional position sensing magnets (28) attached to moving element
(6) will provide the necessary magnetic flux to the hall effect
sensors (25) to sense the exact position of the said moving member
(6) and produce signals for the controller. The effect of the flux
produced by coil members (2,3) will be compensated by appropriate
circuitry and/or software of the controller.
[0121] In the third embodiment, as in FIG. 36 and FIG. 37 the
electronic board (26) consisting hall effect sensors (25) are
located outside the wall member (5) along the axis, as an array.
Additional position sensing magnets (28) attached to moving element
(6) will provide the necessary magnetic flux to the hall effect
sensors (25) to sense the exact position of the said moving member
and produce signals for the controller. The effect of the flux
produced by coil members (2,3) will be compensated by appropriate
circuitry and/or software of the controller.
[0122] In the fourth embodiment, as in FIG. 38 and FIG. 39, the
electronic board (29), having light emitting diodes (31) and
another electronic board (30) having light sensing elements (32),
are located outside the wall member (5) as face by face along the
axis, as an array. A light interrupter (33) which has sequential
slits attached to moving element (6) will provide the alternating
interruption of light as the function of an encoder to sense the
exact position of the moving member and produce signals for the
controller. Also, the light sensing elements (32) may be provided
as reflective type which also consists of light emitting diodes can
be used. In this case the electronic board (29) consisting light
emitting leds (31) will not be needed.
[0123] Reciprocating motion of a traverse device requires that a
moving element continuously accelerate and decelerate along the
device. Namely, accelerating from an end towards the middle point
of the device, and decelerating from the middle point towards the
other end of the device. Such continuous deceleration and
acceleration motions of the moving element, in relatively short
distances, requires considerable electric current to be applied to
the coil members (2,3), which inevitably increases the power
consumption. An arrangement which can store the kinetic energy of
the moving element (6) during deceleration and give back the stored
energy during acceleration would obviously increase the performance
of the traverse device (1) and reduces the power consumption.
[0124] Such a kinetic energy storage arrangement may be mechanical
springs (37) that can be provided at both ends of the traverse
device (1), or in more generic terms, the springs (37) are provided
at the required reversing points of the moving element (6). The
springs (37) are supported by stationary elements (36) at their
ends. In use, the moving element (6) will hit to the spring (37) at
the required position of turning point, providing the spring member
(37) to absorb the kinetic energy of the moving element (6) as a
potential energy. As soon as the moving element (6) stops its
motion due to the spring's (37) reaction, the spring (37) will give
its stored energy to the moving element (6) in the opposite
direction. Therefore, the moving element (6) will move back without
major loss of its kinetic energy. Position of the springs (37) may
be displaced on the traverse device (1) or the length of the
springs (37) may be increased or decreased manually or
automatically by a proper drive mechanism in compliance with the
length of the stroke of the moving element (6).
[0125] Numerous of alternative spring means can be equally adapted
replacing the mechanical spring (37) or in combination with the
spring (37). For example magnets (38), (39) can be provided to both
ends of the moving element (6) and to the stationary elements (36)
of the traverse device (1) with opposite polarity. The oppositely
poled magnets (38,39) would then function as a "spring member" once
these magnets approach to each other. Alternatively, a combination
of a spring and magnets can be arranged for creating spring effect.
Such a combination is seen in FIGS. 40 and 41. Magnets (38) are
provided to ends of springs (37) facing to the moving element (6)
having oppositely poled magnets (39) at both ends.
[0126] Another arrangement providing a spring effect may include
suitably shaped members of some rubber-like material, or a
pneumatic piston type member which accumulates potential energy as
the moving element (6) pressures the piston and gives this energy
back to the moving element (6) in opposite direction.
[0127] The spring effect may be provided by any combination of the
above spring members or means.
[0128] Another arrangement providing a spring effect may comprise
oppositely poled magnets (44) provided on the ferromagnetic core,
at the required reversing points of the moving element (6), as seen
in FIG. 42 and FIG. 43. The oppositely poled magnets (44) are
preferably arranged at ends of the core members (2,3), and have
substantially similar height with those of coils members (2,3).
[0129] The coil members (2,3) require the winding of a conductor in
a manner that the current flow as a loop to produce magnetic flux
in the core material (4). The coil members (2,3) of a traverse
device (1) are representatively shown in FIGS. 2, 6, and 10 as
having wires wound around the core material (4).
[0130] As in FIG. 44, the coil members (2,3) may be of a form
having multiple stripes of conductors placed between a thin foil
(41) and an electrically insulating backing film layer (42). This
foil (41) and backing film combination (42) is then wound on the
ferromagnetic core material (4) to form a coil structure.
[0131] The foil (41) and film (42) combination (40) may be produced
by a number of ways, similar to producing conventional PCBs such as
chemical etching of conductor foil (41) which is already laminated
on the electrically insulating backing film layers (42). Both ends
of the coil members (2,3) are connected to each other as required
to provide the necessary current flow and energizing them through
terminals (43).
* * * * *