U.S. patent application number 13/613526 was filed with the patent office on 2013-01-10 for hair-binding peptides.
This patent application is currently assigned to E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY. Invention is credited to Stephen R. Fahnestock, Eberhard Schneider, Gregor Schurmann, Peter Wagner.
Application Number | 20130011356 13/613526 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42266439 |
Filed Date | 2013-01-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20130011356 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Fahnestock; Stephen R. ; et
al. |
January 10, 2013 |
HAIR-BINDING PEPTIDES
Abstract
Hair-binding peptides were isolated for their use in a variety
of personal care formulations and applications. The isolation of
hair-binding peptides was accomplished by enrichment using
mRNA-display selection technology. Hair care compositions
comprising peptide-based reagents prepared comprising the
hair-binding peptides are also provided.
Inventors: |
Fahnestock; Stephen R.;
(Wilmington, DE) ; Schneider; Eberhard; (Denkte,
DE) ; Schurmann; Gregor; (Hannover, DE) ;
Wagner; Peter; (Braunschweig, DE) |
Assignee: |
E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND
COMPANY
Wilmington
DE
|
Family ID: |
42266439 |
Appl. No.: |
13/613526 |
Filed: |
September 13, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12629069 |
Dec 2, 2009 |
8287845 |
|
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13613526 |
|
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61138642 |
Dec 18, 2008 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/70.6 ;
424/70.14; 530/324 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61Q 5/12 20130101; C07K
14/001 20130101; A61K 8/64 20130101; A61Q 5/00 20130101; C07K 7/08
20130101; A61Q 5/065 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/70.6 ;
530/324; 424/70.14 |
International
Class: |
C07K 14/435 20060101
C07K014/435; A61Q 5/06 20060101 A61Q005/06; A61Q 5/12 20060101
A61Q005/12; A61K 8/64 20060101 A61K008/64 |
Claims
1-15. (canceled)
16. A hair-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of
SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52.
17. A peptide-based hair care reagent having the general structure:
(HBP).sub.n-BA or [(HBP).sub.m-S].sub.n-BA wherein: a) HBP is a
hair-binding peptide; b) BA is a benefit agent; c) S is a molecular
spacer; d) m ranges from 1 to about 50; and e) n ranges from 1 to
about 1,000. wherein the hair-binding peptide has a sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52.
18. The peptide-based reagent of claim 17 wherein the benefit agent
is selected from the group consisting of colorants, conditioning
agents, and antimicrobial agents.
19. The peptide-based reagent of claim 18 wherein the colorant is a
dye, a lake, or a pigment.
20. The peptide-based hair care reagent of claim 18 wherein the
conditioning agent is selected from the group consisting of
cationic polymers, cationic surfactants; fatty alcohols, fatty
amines, nonionic polymers, silicones, siloxanes, polymer emulsions,
and nanoparticles.
21. The peptide-based reagent of claim 17 wherein the hair-binding
peptide is generated by mRNA display.
22. A peptide-based reagent having the general structure: a) a
diblock peptide-based reagent having the general structure:
[(HBP).sub.m-(BABP).sub.n].sub.x; or b) a triblock peptide-based
reagent having the general structure:
[[(HBP).sub.m-S.sub.q].sub.x-[(BABP).sub.n-S.sub.r].sub.z].sub.z;
wherein: i) HBP is a hair-binding peptide selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
and 52. ii) BABP is a benefit agent-binding peptide having affinity
for a hair benefit agent; iii) S is a molecular spacer; iv) m, n, x
and z independently range from 1 to about 10; v) y is from 1 to 5;
and vi) q an r are each independently 0 or 1, provided that both r
and q may not be 0.
23. The peptide-based reagent of claim 22 wherein the benefit
agent-binding peptide is selected from the group consisting of
pigment-binding peptides, polymer-binding peptides, clay-binding
peptides, calcium carbonate-binding peptides, and silica-binding
peptides
24. The peptide-based reagent of claim 22 wherein the hair-binding
peptide is generated by mRNA display.
25. The peptide-based reagent of claim 22 wherein benefit agent is
a particulate benefit agent.
26. The peptide-based reagent of claim 25 wherein the benefit agent
is selected from the group consisting of pigments, conditioners,
and sunscreen agents.
27. A hair-care composition comprising the hair-binding peptide of
claim 16.
28. A hair-care composition comprising the peptide-based reagent of
claim 17 or claim 22.
29. A method for applying a benefit agent, colorant, or conditioner
to hair comprising: a) providing the hair-care composition of claim
28; and b) contacting hair with the hair care composition of (a)
whereby the peptide-based reagent couples the benefit agent to
hair.
30. A method for form a protective layer on hair is provided
comprising: a) providing the hair-care composition of claim 28; and
b) contact hair with the hair-care composition of (a) whereby the
peptide-based reagent adheres to hair.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 61/138,642 filed Dec. 18, 2008, incorporated
herein by reference.
FIELD
[0002] The invention relates to the field of personal care
products. More specifically, the invention relates to hair-binding
peptides and peptide-based hair reagents comprising hair-binding
peptides.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Proteinaceous materials having strong affinity for a body
surface have been used for targeted delivery of one or more
personal care benefit agents. However, many of these materials used
for targeted delivery are comprised or derived from immunoglobulins
or immunoglobulin fragments (antibodies, antibody fragments, Fab,
single-chain variable fragments (scFv), and Camilidae VHH) having
affinity for the target surface. For example, Horikoshi et al. in
JP 08104614 and Igarashi et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,386 describe
hair coloring agents that consist of an anti-keratin antibody
covalently attached to a dye or pigment. The antibody binds to the
hair, thereby enhancing the binding of the hair coloring agent to
the hair. Similarly, Kizawa et al. in JP 09003100 describe an
antibody that recognizes the surface layer of hair and its use to
treat hair. A hair coloring agent consisting of that anti-hair
antibody coupled to colored latex particles is also described. The
use of antibodies to enhance the binding of dyes to the hair is
effective in increasing the durability of the hair coloring, but
the antibodies are difficult and expensive to produce. Terada et
al. in JP 2002363026 describe the use of conjugates consisting of
single-chain antibodies, preferably anti-keratin, coupled to dyes,
ligands, and cosmetic agents for skin and hair care compositions.
Although single-chain antibodies may be prepared using genetic
engineering techniques, these molecules are expensive to prepare
and may not be suitable for use in commercial personal care
products due to their conserved structure and large size.
[0004] Non-immunoglobulin-derived scaffold proteins have also been
developed for targeted delivery of benefit agents to a target
surface, such as delivery of cosmetic agents to keratin-containing
materials (See Binz, H. et al. (2005) Nature Biotechnology 23,
1257-1268 for a review of various proteins used in
scaffold-assisted binding). Findlay in WO 00/048558 describes the
use of calycin-like scaffold proteins, such as
.beta.-lactoglobulin, which contain a binding domain for a cosmetic
agent and another binding domain that binds to at least a part of
the surface of a hair fiber or skin surface, for conditioners,
dyes, and perfumes. Houtzager et al. in WO 03/050283 and US
2006/0140889 also describe affinity proteins having a defined core
scaffold structure for controlled application of cosmetic
substances. As with immunoglobulin-like proteins, these large
scaffold protein are somewhat limited by the requirement to
maintain the underlying core structure for effective binding and
are expensive to produce.
[0005] Target surface-binding peptides having strong affinity for a
target surface have been identified and isolated from peptide
libraries using any number of biopanning techniques including, but
not limited to bacterial display (Kemp, D. J.; Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 78(7): 4520-4524 (1981); yeast display (Chien et al., Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 88(21): 9578-82 (1991)), combinatorial solid
phase peptide synthesis (U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,754; U.S. Pat. No.
5,480,971; U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,275 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,603),
phage display (U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,409; U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,484;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,698; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,500), ribosome
display (U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,768; U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,754; and U.S.
Pat. No. 7,074,557), and mRNA display technology (PROFUSION.TM.;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,558; U.S. Pat. No. 6,518,018; U.S. Pat. No.
6,281,344; U.S. Pat. No. 6,214,553; U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,804; U.S.
Pat. No. 6,207,446; U.S. Pat. No. 6,846,655; U.S. Pat. No.
6,312,927; U.S. Pat. No. 6,602,685; U.S. Pat. No. 6,416,950; U.S.
Pat. No. 6,429,300; U.S. Pat. No. 7,078,197; and U.S. Pat. No.
6,436,665). Techniques to generate random peptide libraries are
described in Dani, M., J. of Receptor & Signal Transduction
Res., 21(4):447-468 (2001). Phage display libraries are available
commercially from companies such as New England BioLabs (Beverly,
Mass.).
[0006] Single chain peptide-based reagents lacking a scaffold
support or immunoglobulin fold have been developed that can be used
to couple benefit agents to a target surface. Examples of target
surfaces include, but not are limited to body surfaces such as
hair, skin, nail, and teeth (U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,220,405; 7,309,482;
and 7,285,264; U.S. Patent Application Publication NOs.
2005/0226839; 2007/0196305; 2006/0199206; 2007/0065387;
2008/0107614; 2007/0110686; and 2006/0073111; and published PCT
applications WO2008/054746; WO2004/048399, and WO2008/073368) as
well as other surfaces such as pigments and miscellaneous print
media (U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0054752), and
various polymers such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (U.S. Patent
Application Publication No. 2007/0265431), polypropylene (U.S.
Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0264720), nylon (U.S.
Patent Application Publication Nos. 2007/0141629 and 2003/0185870),
polytetrafluoroethylene (U.S. patent application Ser. No.
11/607,734), polyethylene (U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
2007/0141628), and polystyrene (U.S. Patent Application Publication
No. 2007/0261775). However, some single chain peptide-based
reagents may lack the durability required for certain commercial
applications, especially when coupling a particulate benefit agent
to a body surface in a highly stringent matrix.
[0007] The problem to be solved is to provide additional
hair-binding peptides having strong affinity for hair as well as
peptide reagents comprising such hair-binding peptides for delivery
of a benefit agent to the hair surface.
SUMMARY
[0008] The invention provides sequences of peptides that bind with
high affinity to hair. In one embodiment, a hair-binding peptide is
provided having an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of: of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
50, 51, and 52.
[0009] In another embodiment, a peptide-based reagent is also
provided, said peptide-based reagent comprising the general
formula:
(HBP).sub.n-BA
or
[(HBP).sub.m-S].sub.n-BA
[0010] wherein; [0011] a) HBP is at least one of the present
hair-binding peptide; [0012] b) BA is a benefit agent; [0013] c) S
is a spacer; [0014] d) m ranges from 1 to about 50; and [0015] e) n
ranges from 1 to about 1,000. wherein the hair-binding peptide has
a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52.
[0016] The benefit agent may be a particulate benefit agent. As
such, a peptide-based reagent is provided comprising the general
structure:
[(HBP).sub.m-(BABP).sub.n].sub.x
or
[[(HBP).sub.m-S.sub.q].sub.x-[(BABP).sub.n-S.sub.r].sub.z].sub.y,
[0017] a) HBP is at least one of the present hair-binding peptides;
[0018] b) BABP is a benefit agent-binding peptide; [0019] c) S is a
molecular spacer; and [0020] wherein m, n, x and z independently
range from 1 to about 10, y is from 1 to about 5, and where q and r
are each independently 0 or 1, provided that both r and q may not
be 0.
[0021] In a further embodiment, a hair care composition comprising
an effective amount of at least one of the present hair-binding
peptides or peptide-based reagents is also provided.
[0022] In another embodiment, a method of delivery a benefit agent
to a hair surface is provided comprising:
[0023] a) providing a hair care composition comprising at least one
of the present peptide-based reagents and at least one benefit
agent;
[0024] b) contacting hair with the hair care composition of (a)
whereby the peptide-based reagent couples the benefit agent to
hair.
[0025] The peptide-based reagents may be used to form a protective
layer on a hair surface. In one embodiment, a method to form
protective layer on the surface of hair is provided comprising:
[0026] a) providing a hair-care composition comprising at least one
of the present hair-binding peptides;
[0027] b) contacting hair with an effective amount of (a) whereby
the peptide-based reagent adheres to hair.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCES
[0028] The following sequences conform with 37 C.F.R. 1.821-1.825
("Requirements for Patent Applications Containing Nucleotide
Sequences and/or Amino Acid Sequence Disclosures--the Sequence
Rules") and consistent with World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) Standard ST.25 (1998) and the sequence listing
requirements of the EPO and PCT (Rules 5.2 and 49.5(a-bis), and
Section 208 and Annex C of the Administrative Instructions). The
symbols and format used for nucleotide and amino acid sequence data
comply with the rules set forth in 37 C.F.R. .sctn.1.822.
[0029] SEQ ID NO: 1 is the amino acid sequence of a constant
N-terminal flaking region comprising a hexa-histidine tag and a
flexible linker.
[0030] SEQ ID NO: 2 is the amino acid sequence of
[0031] SEQ ID NO: 3 is the amino acid sequence of a C-terminal
constant region comprising a flexible linker region and a
C-terminal sequence optimized for efficient coupling to an
MHA-oligonucleotide linker.
[0032] SEQ ID NOs: 4-5 are PCR primers.
[0033] SEQ ID NOs: 6-52 are hair-binding peptides biopanned against
white hair.
[0034] SEQ ID NO: 53 is the amino acid sequence of the Caspase-3
cleavage sequence.
[0035] SEQ ID NOs: 54-112 are the amino acid sequence of
polymer-binding peptides.
[0036] SEQ ID NOs: 113-116 are the amino acid sequence of various
cellulose acetate-binding peptides.
[0037] SEQ ID NOs: 117-171 are the amino acid sequences of various
pigment-binding peptides.
[0038] SEQ ID NOs: 172-186 are the amino acid sequence of
clay-binding peptides.
[0039] SEQ ID NOs: 187-212 are the amino acid sequences of calcium
carbonate-binding peptides.
[0040] SEQ ID NOs: 213-235 are the amino acid sequences of
silica-binding peptides.
[0041] SEQ ID NOs: 236-264 are the amino acid sequences of
antimicrobial peptides.
[0042] SEQ ID NOs: 265-266 are the amino acid sequences of several
peptide linkers.
[0043] SEQ ID NOs: 267-268 are the amino acid sequences of several
peptide bridges.
[0044] SEQ ID NO: 269 is the amino acid sequence of peptide
CHX-W3.
[0045] SEQ ID NO: 270 is the amino acid sequence of peptide
CHX-W4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0046] Novel white hair-binding peptides having strong affinity for
white hair have been identified using mRNA-display comprising an
amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NOs: 6-52. Also provided are hair-binding domains formed by linking
together of at least two of the present hair-binding peptides In
one embodiment, a first hair-binding peptide and a second
hair-binding peptide are separated by at least one linker, wherein
the first and the second hair-binding peptide may be the same or
different. In another embodiment, the spacer/linker is a peptide
linker. In a further embodiment the peptide linker is a rigid
peptide linker.
[0047] The present hair-binding peptides can be used to prepare
peptide-based reagents having affinity for a hair surface. The
peptide reagents may comprise a plurality of the present
hair-binding peptides coupled together to form a hair-binding hand.
The present peptide reagents may also comprise at least one portion
capable of being coupled to a benefit agent. In one embodiment, a
portion of the peptide reagent comprises a benefit agent-binding
domain.
[0048] The following definitions are used herein and should be
referred to for interpretation of the claims and the specification.
Unless otherwise noted, all U.S. patents and U.S. patent
applications referenced herein are incorporated by reference in
their entirety.
[0049] As used herein, the articles "a", "an", and "the" preceding
an element or component of the invention are intended to be
nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances (i.e.,
occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore "a", "an" and
"the" should be read to include one or at least one, and the
singular word form of the element or component also includes the
plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.
[0050] As used herein, the term "comprising" means the presence of
the stated features, integers, steps, or components as referred to
in the claims, but that it does not preclude the presence or
addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components
or groups thereof. The term "comprising" is intended to include
embodiments encompassed by the terms "consisting essentially of"
and "consisting of". Similarly, the term "consisting essentially
of" is intended to include embodiments encompassed by the term
"consisting of".
[0051] As used herein, the term "about" modifying the quantity of
an ingredient or reactant of the invention or employed refers to
variation in the numerical quantity that can occur, for example,
through typical measuring and liquid handling procedures used for
making concentrates or use solutions in the real world; through
inadvertent error in these procedures; through differences in the
manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients employed to make
the compositions or carry out the methods; and the like. The term
"about" also encompasses amounts that differ due to different
equilibrium conditions for a composition resulting from a
particular initial mixture. Whether or not modified by the term
"about", the claims include equivalents to the quantities.
[0052] Where present, all ranges are inclusive and combinable. For
example, when a range of "1 to 5" is recited, the recited range
should be construed as including ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1-2",
"1-2 & 4-5", "1-3 & 5", and the like.
[0053] As used herein, the term "invention" or "present invention"
as used herein is a non-limiting term and is not intended to refer
to any single embodiment of the particular invention but
encompasses all possible embodiments as described in the
specification and the claims.
[0054] As used herein, the terms "polypeptide" and "peptide" will
be used interchangeably to refer to a polymer of two or more amino
acids joined together by a peptide bond. In one aspect, this term
also includes post expression modifications of the polypeptide, for
example, glycosylations, acetylations, phosphorylations and the
like. Included within the definition are, for example, peptides
containing one or more analogues of an amino acid or labeled amino
acids and peptidomimetics. In one embodiment, the peptides are
comprised of L-amino acids.
[0055] As used herein, the term "hair" as used herein refers to
human hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes. The term "hair surface" will
mean the surface of human hair capable of binding to one of the
present hair-binding peptides. As used herein, the term
"hair-binding peptide" (HBP) refers to at least one of the present
peptide sequences that bind with high affinity to hair, such as
white hair.
[0056] As used herein, the term "benefit agent' is a general term
applying to a compound or substance that may be coupled with a
hair-binding peptide for application to a hair. Benefit agents
typically include conditioners, colorants, fragrances, bleaching
agents, and the like along with other substances commonly used in
the personal care industry. The benefit agent may be a particulate
benefit agent, such as a pigment.
[0057] As used herein, the terms "coupling" and "coupled" refer to
any chemical association and may include both covalent and
non-covalent interactions. In one embodiment, the coupling is
non-covalent. In another embodiment, the coupling is covalent.
[0058] As used herein, the term "stringency" as it is applied to
the selection of the hair-binding peptides of the present
invention, refers to the concentration of the eluting agent
(usually detergent) used to elute peptides from the hair surface.
Higher concentrations of the eluting agent provide more stringent
conditions.
[0059] As used herein, the terms "hair hand" and "hair-binding
domain" will refer to a single chain peptide comprising of at least
two hair-binding peptides linked together by an optional molecular
spacer, wherein the inclusion of a molecular spacer is preferred.
In one embodiment, the molecular spacer is a peptide linker.
[0060] As used herein, the term "peptide-based reagent" or "peptide
reagent" refers to a single chain peptide comprising at least one
of the present hair-binding peptides. In one embodiment, the
peptide-based reagent comprises two or more of the present
hair-binding peptides separated by a molecular spacer. In a further
embodiment, the peptide-based reagent comprises at least two of the
present hair-binding peptides separated by a peptide linker. The
peptide-based reagent may also have at least one region that can be
coupled to the benefit agent. As such, the peptide-based reagent is
used as an interfacial material to couple a hair benefit agent to
the surface on human hair. The benefit agent-binding region may be
comprised of at least benefit agent-binding peptide. In one
embodiment, a benefit agent-binding domain is included by linking
together 2 or more benefit-agent binding peptides, preferably with
one or more peptide linkers.
[0061] As used herein, the term "benefit agent-binding hand" or
"benefit agent-binding domain" will refer to a single chain peptide
domain comprising two or more benefit agent-binding peptides
(BABPs) coupled together by at least one peptide linker.
[0062] As used herein, a "polymer" is a natural or synthetic
compound of usually high molecular weight consisting of repeated
linked units.
[0063] As used herein, the term "pigment" means an insoluble
colorant. A wide variety of organic and inorganic pigments alone or
in combination may be used in the present invention. As used
herein, the term "pigment lake" or "lake" refers to a pigment
manufactured by precipitating a dye with an inert binder, usually a
metallic salt.
[0064] As used herein, "PBP" means pigment-binding peptide.
Pigment-binding peptides have been reported in the art (U.S. Patent
Application Publ. No. 2005-0054752, U.S. Pat. No. 7,285,264) and
are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 117-171. SEQ ID NOs: 142-171 bind to
iron oxide-based pigments.
[0065] As used herein, "PMBP" means polymer-binding peptide. As
used herein, the term "polymer-binding peptide" refers to peptide
sequences that bind with high affinity to a specified polymer (U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 11/516,362). Examples include peptides
that bind to poly (methylmethacrylate) (SEQ ID NOs: 54-80),
polypropylene (SEQ ID NOs: 81-87), polytetrafluoroethylene (SEQ ID
NOs: 88-96), polyethylene (97-103), nylon (SEQ ID NOs: 104-108),
and polystyrene (SEQ ID NOs: 110-112).
[0066] As used herein, the term "cellulose acetate-binding peptide"
is a peptide that binds with high affinity to cellulose acetate.
Examples of cellulose acetate-binding peptides are provided as SEQ
ID NOs: 113-116.
[0067] As used herein, "SiBP" mean silica-binding peptide. Examples
of silica-binding peptides are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 213-235.
[0068] As used herein, "clay-binding peptide" refers to a peptide
that binds with high affinity to clay (U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 11/696,380). Examples of clay-binding peptides are provided as
SEQ ID NOs: 172-186.
[0069] As used herein, "calcium carbonate-binding peptide" refers
to a peptide that binds with high affinity to calcium carbonate
(U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/828,539). Examples of calcium
carbonate-binding peptides are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 187-212.
[0070] As used herein, an "antimicrobial peptide" is a peptide
having the ability to kill microbial cell populations (U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/516,362). Examples of antimicrobial
peptides are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 236-264.
[0071] As used herein, the term "operably-linked" refers to the
association of nucleic acid sequences on a single nucleic acid
fragment so that the function of one is affected by the other. For
example, a promoter is operably linked with a coding sequence when
it is capable of affecting the expression of that coding sequence
(i.e., that the coding sequence is under the transcriptional
control of the promoter). In a further embodiment, the definition
of "operably linked" may also be extended to describe the products
of chimeric genes.
[0072] As used herein, the "benefit agent" or "hair benefit agent"
refers to a molecule that imparts a desired functionality or
benefit when applied or coupled to a hair surface. The present
single chain peptide-based reagents may be used to couple a benefit
agent to hair. In one embodiment, the peptide reagent is used to
couple a benefit agent to a hair surface by forming a complex
between the peptide-based reagent, the benefit agent, and the hair
surface. In one embodiment, the peptide-based reagent is applied to
the hair surface prior to the application of the benefit agent
(i.e., a sequential application). In another embodiment, the
peptide reagent and the benefit agent is applied to the hair
surface concomitantly. The benefit agent may be a peptide or the
peptide reagent (such as conditioning peptides or antimicrobial
peptides) or may be one or more molecules bound to (covalently or
non-covalently) or associated with a peptide reagent having
affinity for a hair surface. The benefit agent may be a particulate
benefit agent. In one embodiment, the term "particulate benefit
agent' is a general term relating to a particulate substance, which
when applied to a hair surface provides a cosmetic or prophylactic
effect. Particulate benefit agents typically include pigments,
particulate conditioners, inorganic sunscreens and the like, along
with other particulate substances commonly used in the hair care
industry.
[0073] The particulate benefit agent may comprise an applied
coating, such as a polymeric coating or a silica coating. Examples
of benefits agents may include, but are not limited to conditioners
for personal care products, pigments, dyes, fragrances, ultraviolet
light blocking agents (i.e., active agents in sunscreen
protectants), and antimicrobial agents (e.g., antimicrobial
peptides), to name a few. In a preferred aspect, the benefit agent
is cosmetically acceptable pigment or coated pigment.
[0074] As used herein, the term "MB.sub.50" refers to the
concentration of the binding peptide that gives a signal that is
50% of the maximum signal obtained in an ELISA-based binding assay
(see Example 9 of U.S. Published Patent Application No.
2005-0226839; hereby incorporated by reference). The MB.sub.50
provides an indication of the strength of the binding interaction
or affinity of the components of the complex. The lower the value
of MB.sub.50, the stronger the interaction of the peptide with its
corresponding substrate.
[0075] As used herein, the terms "binding affinity" or "affinity"
refer to the strength of the interaction of a binding peptide (such
as target surface-binding peptides, target surface-binding domains,
and peptide reagents) with its respective substrate. The binding
affinity may be reported in terms of the MB.sub.50 value as
determined in an ELISA-based binding assay or as a K.sub.D
(equilibrium dissociation constant) value, which may be deduced
using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
[0076] As used herein, the term "strong affinity" refers to a
binding affinity, as measured as an MB.sub.50 value of K.sub.D
value, of 10.sup.-4 M or less, preferably less than 10.sup.-5 M,
more preferably less than 10.sup.-6 M, more preferably less than
10.sup.-7 M, even more preferably less than 10.sup.-8 M, and most
preferably less than 10.sup.-9 M.
[0077] As used herein, "S" means molecular spacer. The spacer may
be a peptide or non-peptide-based spacer. In one embodiment, the
spacer is a "peptide spacer". Depending upon elements with the
peptide-based reagent being linked together the peptide spacer may
also be referred to as a peptide "linker" (i.e. when linking
together 2 or more target surface-binding peptides or "fingers" to
form a binding "hand") or a peptide "bridge" (i.e. a peptide spacer
used to link/bridge a hair-binding hand to a peptide domain capable
of binding to the surface of a particulate benefit agent).
[0078] As used herein, the terms "peptide linker" will refer to a
peptide used to link together two or more target surface-binding
peptides ("fingers"). In one embodiment, the peptide linker is 1 to
60 amino acids in length, preferably 3 to 50 amino acids in length.
Examples of peptide linkers are provided as SEQ ID NOs:
265-266.
[0079] As used herein, the term "peptide finger" will be used to
refer to an individual target surface-binding peptide, typically
identified by biopanning against a target surface.
[0080] As used herein, the term "peptide hand" will be used to
refer to a target surface-binding domain or region comprising 2 or
more "fingers" coupled together using an optional peptide linker,
wherein the inclusion of a peptide linker is preferred. As used
herein, the term "bridge", "peptide bridge", and "bridging element"
will refer to a linear peptide used to join a hair-binding domain
("hair-binding hand") to a peptide domain capable of binding to the
surface of particulate benefit agent (i.e., covalent or
non-covalent coupling). The peptide bridge may range in size from 1
to 60 amino acids in length, preferably 6 to 30 amino acids in
length. Examples of peptide bridges are provided as SEQ ID NOs:
267-268.
[0081] As used herein, the term "amino acid" refers to the basic
structural unit of a protein or polypeptide. The following
abbreviations are used herein to identify specific amino acids:
TABLE-US-00001 Three-Letter One-Letter Amino Acid Abbreviation
Abbreviation Alanine Ala A Arginine Arg R Asparagine Asn N Aspartic
acid Asp D Cysteine Cys C Glutamine Gln Q Glutamic acid Glu E
Glycine Gly G Histidine His H Isoleucine Ile I Leucine Leu L Lysine
Lys K Methionine Met M Phenylalanine Phe F Proline Pro P Serine Ser
S Threonine Thr T Tryptophan Trp W Tyrosine Tyr Y Valine Val V
Miscellaneous (or as defined herein) Xaa X
[0082] As used herein, the term "PCR" or "polymerase chain
reaction" refers to a technique used for the amplification of
specific DNA segments (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,195 and 4,800,159).
[0083] As used herein, the term "peptide-based" refers to an
interfacial material comprised of a compound pertaining to or
having the nature or the composition of the peptide class.
Interfacial refers to the quality of the peptide-based material
described herein as connecting one material to another.
[0084] "Gene" refers to a nucleic acid fragment that expresses a
specific protein, including regulatory sequences preceding (5'
non-coding sequences) and following (3' non-coding sequences) the
coding sequence. "Native gene" refers to a gene as found in nature
with its own regulatory sequences. "Chimeric gene" refers to any
gene that is not a native gene, comprising regulatory and coding
sequences that are not found together in nature. Accordingly, a
chimeric gene may comprise regulatory sequences and coding
sequences that are derived from different sources, or regulatory
sequences and coding sequences derived from the same source, but
arranged in a manner different than that found in nature. A
"foreign" gene refers to a gene not normally found in the host
organism, but that is introduced into the host organism by gene
transfer. Foreign genes can comprise native genes inserted into a
non-native organism, or chimeric genes.
[0085] "Synthetic genes" can be assembled from oligonucleotide
building blocks that are chemically synthesized using procedures
known to those skilled in the art. These building blocks are
ligated and annealed to form gene segments which are then
enzymatically assembled to construct the entire gene. "Chemically
synthesized", as related to a sequence of DNA, means that the
component nucleotides were assembled in vitro. Manual chemical
synthesis of DNA may be accomplished using well-established
procedures, or automated chemical synthesis can be performed using
one of a number of commercially available machines. Accordingly,
the genes can be tailored for optimal gene expression based on
optimization of nucleotide sequence to reflect the codon bias of
the host cell. The skilled artisan appreciates the likelihood of
successful gene expression if codon usage is biased towards those
codons favored by the host. Determination of preferred codons can
be based on a survey of genes derived from the host cell where
sequence information is available.
[0086] "Coding sequence" refers to a DNA sequence that encodes for
a specific amino acid sequence. "Suitable regulatory sequences"
refer to nucleotide sequences located upstream (5' non-coding
sequences), within, or downstream (3' non-coding sequences) of a
coding sequence, and which influence the transcription, RNA
processing or stability, or translation of the associated coding
sequence. Regulatory sequences may include promoters, translation
leader sequences, introns, polyadenylation recognition sequences,
RNA processing site, effector binding site and stem-loop
structure.
[0087] "Promoter" refers to a DNA sequence capable of controlling
the expression of a coding sequence or functional RNA. In general,
a coding sequence is located 3' to a promoter sequence. Promoters
may be derived in their entirety from a native gene, or be composed
of different elements derived from different promoters found in
nature, or even comprise synthetic DNA segments. It is understood
by those skilled in the art that different promoters may direct the
expression of a gene in different tissues or cell types, or at
different stages of development, or in response to different
environmental or physiological conditions. Promoters which cause a
gene to be expressed in most cell types at most times are commonly
referred to as "constitutive promoters". It is further recognized
that since in most cases the exact boundaries of regulatory
sequences have not been completely defined, DNA fragments of
different lengths may have identical promoter activity.
[0088] As used herein, the term "expression", as used herein,
refers to the process by which a gene's coded information is
converted into the structures present and operating in the cell.
Expressed genes include those that are transcribed into mRNA and
then translated into protein and those that are transcribed into
RNA but not translated into protein (such as transfer and ribosomal
RNAs). Expression may also refer to translation of mRNA into a
polypeptide.
[0089] As used herein, the term "transformation" refers to the
transfer of a nucleic acid fragment into the genome of a host
organism, resulting in genetically stable inheritance. Host
organisms containing the transformed nucleic acid fragments are
referred to as "transgenic" or "recombinant" or "transformed"
organisms.
[0090] As used herein, the term "host cell" refers to cell which
has been transformed or transfected, or is capable of
transformation or transfection by an exogenous polynucleotide
sequence.
[0091] As used herein, the terms "plasmid", "vector" and "cassette"
refer to an extra chromosomal element often carrying genes which
are not part of the central metabolism of the cell, and usually in
the form of circular double-stranded DNA molecules. Such elements
may be autonomously replicating sequences, genome integrating
sequences, phage or nucleotide sequences, linear or circular, of a
single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA, derived from any source, in
which a number of nucleotide sequences have been joined or
recombined into a unique construction which is capable of
introducing a promoter fragment and DNA sequence for a selected
gene product along with appropriate 3' untranslated sequence into a
cell. "Transformation cassette" refers to a specific vector
containing a foreign gene and having elements in addition to the
foreign gene that facilitate transformation of a particular host
cell. "Expression cassette" refers to a specific vector containing
a foreign gene and having elements in addition to the foreign gene
that allow for enhanced expression of that gene in a foreign
host.
[0092] As used herein, the term "mRNA display" is an in vitro
selection technique used to obtain peptides affinity that have an
affinity for a target ligand/material from libraries of diverse
sequences of peptides and proteins (U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,558). The
process relies on mRNA-protein fusion molecules, which consist of
peptide or protein sequences covalently linked via their C-termini
to the 3' end of their own mRNA (these molecules are commercially
referred to as PROFUSION.TM. molecules; Adnexus Therapeutics,
Weltham, Mass.). The library of PROFUSION.TM. molecules is
preferably subjected to reverse transcription (i.e., transcribed
into a library of DNA/RNA-protein fusion molecules) prior affinity
selection. The library of fusion molecules is subjected to
repetitive rounds of in vitro selection in the presence of target
(typically a solid or a material immobilized on a solid support). A
series of washing steps are used to select the fusion molecules
exhibiting an affinity for the target material. The stringency of
the washing is adjusted to select the fusion molecules those with
the highest affinity (the affinity of the fusion molecule for the
target material is attributed to the specific peptide sequence
displayed). Selected fusion molecules are then subsequently
subjected to PCR amplification. The end result is a pool of
nucleotide sequences encoding peptides which have an affinity for
the target ligand. The process is typically repeated for several
cycles and may also include mutagenesis (such as error-prone PCR)
to evolve and identify proteins having improved affinity for the
target ligand.
[0093] Standard recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques
used herein are well known in the art and are described by
Sambrook, J. and Russell, D., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual, Third Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold
Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001); and by Silhavy, T. J., Bennan, M. L.
and Enquist, L. W., Experiments with Gene Fusions, Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory Cold Press Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1984); and by
Ausubel, F. M. et. al., Short Protocols in Molecular Biology,
5.sup.th Ed. Current Protocols and John Wiley and Sons, Inc., N.Y.,
2002.
Binding Affinity
[0094] The present hair-binding peptides exhibit a strong affinity
for hair based on their ability to bind to hair after many rounds
of selection under stringent conditions. The affinity of the
peptide for the hair can be expressed in terms of the dissociation
constant K.sub.D value or an ELISA-based MB.sub.50 value. K.sub.D
(expressed as molar concentration) corresponds to the concentration
of peptide at which the binding site on the target is half
occupied, i.e., when the concentration of target with peptide bound
(bound target material) equals the concentration of target with no
peptide bound. The smaller the dissociation constant, the more
tightly bound the peptide is; for example, a peptide with a
nanomolar (nM) dissociation constant binds more tightly than a
peptide with a micromolar (.mu.M) dissociation constant. In one
embodiment, the present hair-binding peptides have a K.sub.D value
of 10.sup.-4 M or less, preferably 10.sup.-5 M or less, more
preferably 10.sup.-6 M or less, even more preferably 10.sup.-7 M or
less, yet even more preferably 10.sup.-8 M or less, and most
preferably 10.sup.-9 M or less.
[0095] Alternatively, one of skill in the art can also use an
ELISA-based assay to calculate a relative affinity of the peptide
for the target material (reported as an MB.sub.50 value; see
present Example 3 and co-owned U.S. Patent Application Publication
2005/022683, herein incorporated by reference). As used herein, the
term "MB.sub.50" refers to the concentration of the binding peptide
that gives a signal that is 50% of the maximum signal obtained in
an ELISA-based binding assay. The MB.sub.50 value provides an
indication of the strength of the binding interaction or affinity
of the components of the complex. A lower MB.sub.50 value is
indicative of a stronger interaction between the peptide with its
corresponding substrate. In one embodiment, the MB.sub.50 value
(reported in terms of molar concentration) for the hair-binding
peptide is 10.sup.-4 M or less, preferably 10.sup.-6 M or less,
more preferably 10.sup.-6 M or less, more preferably 10.sup.-7 M or
less, and most preferably 10.sup.-8 M or less.
mRNA-Display
[0096] The present hair-binding peptides were biopanned against
white human hair using mRNA display, an in vitro method commonly
used for identifying peptides having an affinity for a target
material (U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,558). Briefly, a random library of
DNA molecules is generated wherein they encode a peptide of a
desired length. The length of the peptide within the display
library is may be to be up to 200 amino acids in length and is
typically designed to range from about 7 to about 100 amino acids
in length. In one embodiment, the library of peptides is designed
to be about 7 to about 60 amino acids in length, preferably about 7
to about 30 amino acids in length, more preferably about 15 to
about 30 amino acids in length, and most preferably about 27 amino
acids in length (i.e., a "27-mer" library). Typically, the nucleic
acid molecule encoding the peptide includes (in addition to the
coding region) appropriate 5' and 3' regulatory regions necessary
for efficient in vitro transcription and translation. The design of
the nucleic acid constructs used for preparing the mRNA-display
library is well known to one of skill in the (see WO2005/051985).
The nucleic acid molecules can be designed to optionally encode
flexible linkers, cleavage sequences, fusion promoting sequences,
and identification/purification tags to facility purification
and/or processing in subsequence steps.
[0097] The library of random nucleic acid fragments is transcribed
in vitro to produce an mRNA library. The mRNA is isolated and
subsequently fused to a linker molecule (i.e., a
puromycin-oligonucleotide linker or a puromycin
derivative-oligonucleotide linker is used) using techniques
well-known in the art (U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,558; U.S. Pat. No.
6,228,994; and Kurz et al., NAR, 28(18):e83 i-v (2000)). In a
preferred embodiment, the puromycin-oligonucleotide linker
comprises psoralen for rapid and facile preparation of the
mRNA-protein fusions (Kurtz et al., supra). The mRNA-puromycin
fusion molecules are then translated in vitro whereby the nascent
polypeptide is fused (via the puromycin-oligonucleotide linker) to
the mRNA (PROFUSION.TM. molecules; Adnexus Therapeutics, Weltham,
Mass.). In this way, the phenotype (peptide) is linked to the
corresponding genotype (RNA).
[0098] The mRNA-peptide fusion molecules are typically reverse
transcribed into a DNA/mRNA-protein fusion molecules prior to
affinity selection. The library (often comprising up to 10.sup.13
different sequences) is contacted with target ligand/material
(typically an immobilized target and/or a solid surface). The
selection process is carried out in an aqueous medium wherein
parameters such as time, temperature, pH, buffer, salt
concentration, and detergent concentration may be varied according
the stringency of the selection strategy employed. Typically, the
temperature of the incubation period ranges from 0.degree. C. to
about 40.degree. C. and the incubation time ranges from about 1 to
about 24 hours. The selection process is carried out in an aqueous
medium wherein additional parameters such as pH, buffer, salt
concentration, and detergent concentration may be varied according
the stringency of the selection strategy employed.
[0099] Several washing steps are typically used to remove the
non-binding/low affinity fusion molecules. The stringency of the
washing conditions is adjusted to select those fusion molecules
having the highest affinity for the target material (such as hair).
The high affinity fusion molecules are isolated and then
PCR-amplified in order to obtain the nucleic acid sequences
encoding the hair-binding peptides. The mRNA-display selection
cycle is typically repeated for 3 to 10 cycles in order to
select/enrich those fusion molecules comprising peptide sequences
exhibiting the highest affinity for the target material.
[0100] Error-prone PCR may optionally be incorporated into
mRNA-display selection process whereby mutants derived from a
previously selected high affinity sequence are used. The process is
typically repeated for several cycles in order to obtain the
peptides having improved affinity for the target material.
[0101] Optionally, any hair-binding peptide sequence identified
using mRNA-display is verified using the free peptide. Typically,
the nucleic acid molecule encoding the hair-binding peptide is
cloned and recombinantly expressed in an appropriate microbial host
cell, such as E. coli. The free peptide is then isolated and
assayed against the targeted material to validate the binding
affinity of the peptide sequence.
Hair-Binding Peptides
[0102] Hair-binding peptides are short, single chain peptides that
bind with high affinity to the surface of mammalian hair,
preferably human hair. The present peptides were biopanned using
mRNA-display against human white hair. The hair-binding peptides
can be used as a benefit agent or may be used to prepare
peptide-based reagents for the delivery of a benefit agent to hair.
As such, peptides having strong affinity for hair can be used to
prepare peptide-based reagents capable coupling a benefit agent to
the surface hair. In one embodiment, the benefit agent is a
particulate benefit agent, such as a pigment.
[0103] The present hair-binding peptides are selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
50, 51, and 52.
Single Chain Peptide-Based Reagents for Coupling a Benefit Agent to
Hair
[0104] The present hair-binding peptide may be used in hair care
composition to couple a benefit agent to hair. The hair-binding
peptide may also be used to form a protective layer on hair, and
thus, may be considered as the benefit agent as well.
[0105] The hair-binding peptides can be coupled directly to the
benefit agent or may be coupled to the benefit agent using a
molecular spacer. As such, a peptide-based reagent is provided
comprising the general structure:
(HBP).sub.n-BA
or
[(HBP).sub.m-S].sub.n-BA
[0106] wherein: [0107] a) HBP is a hair-binding peptide; [0108] b)
BA is a benefit agent; [0109] c) S is a molecular spacer; [0110] d)
m ranges from 1 to about 50; and [0111] e) n ranges from 1 to about
1,000.
[0112] wherein the hair-binding peptide has a sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52.
[0113] It may also be desirable to have multiple hair-binding
peptides coupled to the benefit agent (such as a coloring agent, a
condition agent, a sunscreen agent or an antimicrobial agent) to
enhance the interaction between the peptide-based reagent and the
hair. Either multiple copies of the same hair-binding peptide or a
combination of different hair-binding peptides may be used. In the
case of large pigment particles, a large number of hair-binding
peptides, i.e., up to about 1,000, may be coupled to the pigment. A
smaller number of hair-binding peptides can be coupled to the
smaller dye molecules, i.e., up to about 50. Therefore, in one
embodiment of the present invention, the peptide-based hair
colorants are diblock compositions comprise the structure
above.
[0114] In another embodiment, the peptide-based hair colorants
contain a spacer (S) separating the binding peptide from the hair
coloring agent, as described above. Multiple copies of the
hair-binding peptide may be coupled to a single spacer molecule. In
this embodiment, the peptide-based hair colorants are triblock
compositions consisting of at least one of the present hair-binding
peptides, a spacer, and a coloring agent, having the general
structure [(HBP).sub.m-S].sub.n-BA, where n ranges from 1 to about
1,000, preferably n is 1 to about 500, and m ranges from 1 to about
50, preferably m is 1 to about 10, and S is a spacer.
[0115] It should be understood that as used herein, HBP is a
generic designation for the present hair-binding peptides. Where n
or m as used above, is greater than 1, it is well within the scope
of the invention to provide for the situation where a series of
hair binding peptides of different sequences may form a part of the
composition. Additionally, it should be understood that these
structures do not necessarily represent a covalent bond between the
peptide, the coloring agent, and the optional spacer. As described
above, the coupling interaction between the hair-binding peptide,
the coloring agent, and the optional spacer may be either covalent
or non-covalent.
Single Chain Peptide-Based Reagents Comprising at Least One
Particulate Benefit Agent-Binding Peptide
[0116] The hair-binding peptide may be coupled to a particulate
benefit agent using a benefit agent binding peptides. In one
embodiment, the benefit agent-binding peptide is a pigment-binding
peptide, a polymer-binding peptide, a clay-binding peptide, a
calcium carbonate-binding peptide, or a silica-binding peptide.
[0117] In one embodiment, the single chain peptide-based reagent
comprises a first one portion having affinity for hair (i.e., it
comprises at least one of the present hair-binding peptides) and a
second portion having affinity for the surface of a particulate
benefit agent (i.e., comprises at least one benefit agent-binding
peptide). In one embodiment, the first portion comprises a
plurality of hair-binding peptides with optional peptide linkers
separating the various "finger" to form a hair-binding domain
("hand"). In another embodiment, the benefit agent-binding portion
comprises a plurality of benefit agent-binding peptides optionally
separated by one or more peptide spacers for form a benefit
agent-binding "hand". As such, a peptide-based reagent is also
provided having the following structure:
[0118] a) a diblock peptide-based reagent having the general
structure:
[(HBP).sub.m-(BABP).sub.n].sub.x; or
[0119] b) a triblock peptide-based reagent having the general
structure:
[[(HBP).sub.m-S.sub.q].sub.x-[(BABP).sub.n-S.sub.r].sub.z].sub.y;
[0120] wherein: [0121] i) HBP is a hair-binding peptide selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52. [0122] ii) BABP is a benefit
agent-binding peptide having affinity for a hair benefit agent;
[0123] iii) S is a molecular spacer; [0124] iv) m, n, x and z
independently range from 1 to about 10; [0125] v) y is from 1 to 5;
and [0126] vi) q an r are each independently 0 or 1, provided that
both r and q may not be 0.
[0127] The molecular spacer is preferably a peptide spacer.
Peptide-spacers used to link together two or more target
surface-binding peptides will be referred to herein as "peptide
linkers". Peptide spacers that bridge together a hair binding hand
to a benefit agent-binding hair will be referred to herein as
"peptide bridges".
[0128] The particulate benefit agent may comprise at least one
applied coating. As such, the benefit agent-binding peptide may be
selected to have strong affinity for the applied coating, such as a
polymer, silica or any other cosmetically acceptable coating
material. For optimal coupling of a particulate benefit agent to
hair, the hair-binding hand should have stronger affinity for hair
than the surface on the particulate benefit agent.
Hair Care Benefit Agents
Conditioning Agents
[0129] Hair conditioning agents (HCA) as herein defined are agents
that improve the appearance, texture, and sheen of hair as well as
increasing hair body or suppleness. Hair conditioning agents are
well known in the art, see for example Green et al. (WO 01/07009)
and are available commercially from various sources. Suitable
examples of hair conditioning agents include, but are not limited
to, cationic polymers, such as cationized guar gum, diallyl
quaternary ammonium salt/acrylamide copolymers, quaternized
polyvinylpyrrolidone and derivatives thereof, and various
polyquaternium-compounds; cationic surfactants, such as
stearalkonium chloride, centrimonium chloride, and Sapamin
hydrochloride; fatty alcohols, such as behenyl alcohol; fatty
amines, such as stearyl amine; waxes; esters; nonionic polymers,
such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene
glycol; silicones; siloxanes, such as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;
polymer emulsions, such as amodimethicone; and nanoparticles, such
as silica nanoparticles and polymer nanoparticles. The preferred
hair conditioning agents of the present invention contain amine or
hydroxyl functional groups to facilitate coupling to the
hair-binding peptides, as described below. Examples of preferred
conditioning agents are octylamine (CAS No. 111-86-4), stearyl
amine (CAS No. 124-30-1), behenyl alcohol (CAS No. 661-19-8, Cognis
Corp., Cincinnati, Ohio), vinyl group terminated siloxanes, vinyl
group terminated silicone (CAS No. 68083-19-2), vinyl group
terminated methyl vinyl siloxanes, vinyl group terminated methyl
vinyl silicone (CAS No. 68951-99-5), hydroxyl terminated siloxanes,
hydroxyl terminated silicone (CAS No. 80801-30-5), amino-modified
silicone derivatives, [(aminoethyl)amino]propyl hydroxyl dimethyl
siloxanes, [(aminoethyl)amino]propyl hydroxyl dimethyl silicones,
and alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) (CAS No.
24938-91-8).
[0130] The peptide-based hair conditioners may be prepared by
coupling a specific hair-binding peptide to a hair conditioning
agent, either directly or via an optional spacer. The coupling
interaction may be a covalent bond or a non-covalent interaction,
such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic
interaction, or Van der Waals interaction. In the case of a
non-covalent interaction, the peptide-based hair conditioner may be
prepared by mixing the peptide with the conditioning agent and the
optional spacer (if used) and allowing sufficient time for the
interaction to occur. The unbound materials may be separated from
the resulting peptide-based hair conditioner adduct using methods
known in the art, for example, gel permeation chromatography.
[0131] The peptide-based hair conditioners may also be prepared by
covalently attaching a specific hair-binding peptide to a hair
conditioning agent, either directly or through a spacer. Any known
peptide or protein conjugation chemistry may be used to form the
peptide-based hair conditioners of the present invention.
Conjugation chemistries are well-known in the art (see for example,
G. T. Hermanson, supra). Suitable coupling agents include, but are
not limited to, carbodiimide coupling agents, diacid chlorides,
diisocyanates and other difunctional coupling reagents that are
reactive toward terminal amine and/or carboxylic acid terminal
groups on the peptides and to amine, carboxylic acid, or alcohol
groups on the hair conditioning agent. The preferred coupling
agents are carbodiimide coupling agents, such as
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and
N,N'-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide (DCC), which may be used to activate
carboxylic acid groups for coupling to alcohol, and amine
groups.
[0132] Additionally, it may be necessary to protect reactive amine
or carboxylic acid groups on the peptide to produce the desired
structure for the peptide-based hair conditioner. The use of
protecting groups for amino acids such as t-butyloxycarbonyl
(t-Boc), are well known in the art (see for example Stewart et al.,
supra; Bodanszky, supra; and Pennington et al., supra). In some
cases it may be necessary to introduce reactive groups, such as
carboxylic acid, alcohol, amine, or aldehyde groups, on the hair
conditioning agent for coupling to the hair-binding peptide. These
modifications may be done using routine chemistry such as
oxidation, reduction and the like, which is well known in the
art.
[0133] It may also be desirable to couple the hair-binding peptide
to the hair conditioning agent via a spacer. The spacer serves to
separate the conditioning agent from the peptide to ensure that the
agent does not interfere with the binding of the peptide to the
hair. The spacer may be any of a variety of molecules, such as
alkyl chains, phenyl compounds, ethylene glycol, amides, esters and
the like. Preferred spacers are hydrophilic and have a chain length
from 1 to about 100 atoms, more preferably, from 2 to about 30
atoms. Examples of preferred spacers include, but are not limited
to ethanol amine, ethylene glycol, polyethylene with a chain length
of 6 carbon atoms, polyethylene glycol with 3 to 6 repeating units,
phenoxyethanol, propanolamide, butylene glycol,
butyleneglycolamide, propyl phenyl chains, and ethyl, propyl,
hexyl, steryl, cetyl, and palmitoyl alkyl chains. The spacer may be
covalently attached to the peptide and the hair conditioning agent
using any of the coupling chemistries described above. In order to
facilitate incorporation of the spacer, a bifunctional
cross-linking agent that contains a spacer and reactive groups at
both ends for coupling to the peptide and the conditioning agent
may be used. Suitable bifunctional cross-linking agents are well
known in the art and include, but are not limited to diamines, such
a as 1,6-diaminohexane; dialdehydes, such as glutaraldehyde; bis
N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, such as ethylene glycol-bis(succinic
acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester), disuccinimidyl glutarate,
disuccinimidyl suberate, and ethylene
glycol-bis(succinimidylsuccinate); diisocyanates, such as
hexamethylenediisocyanate; bis oxiranes, such as 1,4 butanediyl
diglycidyl ether; dicarboxylic acids, such as succinyldisalicylate;
and the like. Heterobifunctional cross-linking agents, which
contain a different reactive group at each end, may also be used.
Examples of heterobifunctional cross-linking agents include, but
are not limited to compounds having the following structure:
##STR00001##
where: R.sub.1 is H or a substituent group such as --SO.sub.3Na,
--NO.sub.2, or --Br; and R.sub.2 is a spacer such as --CH.sub.2CH2
(ethyl), --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 (propyl), or
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3C.sub.6H.sub.5 (propyl phenyl). An example of
such a heterobifunctional cross-linking agent is
3-maleimidopropionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The N
hydroxysuccinimide ester group of these reagents reacts with amine
or alcohol groups on the conditioner, while the maleimide group
reacts with thiol groups present on the peptide. A thiol group may
be incorporated into the peptide by adding a cysteine group to at
least one end of the binding peptide sequence (i.e., the C-terminus
or N-terminus). Several spacer amino acid residues, such as
glycine, may be incorporated between the binding peptide sequence
and the terminal cysteine to separate the reacting thiol group from
the binding sequence.
[0134] The spacer may be a peptide composed of any amino acid and
mixtures thereof. The preferred peptide spacers are composed of the
amino acids glycine, alanine, and serine, and mixtures thereof. In
addition, the peptide spacer may contain a specific enzyme cleavage
site, such as the protease Caspase 3 site, given by SEQ ID NO: 53,
which allows for the enzymatic removal of the conditioning agent
from the hair. The peptide spacer may be from 1 to about 60 amino
acids, preferably from 3 to about 50 amino acids. These peptide
spacers may be linked to the hair-binding peptide by any method
known in the art. For example, the entire binding peptide-peptide
spacer diblock may be prepared using the standard peptide synthesis
methods described supra. In addition, the hair-binding peptide and
peptide spacer blocks may be combined using carbodiimide coupling
agents (G. T. Hermanson, supra), diacid chlorides, diisocyanates
and other difunctional coupling reagents that are reactive to
terminal amine and/or carboxylic acid terminal groups on the
peptides. Alternatively, the entire hair binding peptide-peptide
spacer diblock may be prepared using the recombinant DNA and
molecular cloning techniques described herein. The spacer may also
be a combination of a peptide spacer and an organic spacer
molecule, which may be prepared using the methods described
above.
[0135] It may also be desirable to have multiple hair-binding
peptides coupled to the hair conditioning agent to enhance the
interaction between the peptide-based hair conditioner and the
hair. Either multiple copies of the same hair-binding peptide or a
combination of different hair-binding peptides may be used. In the
case of large conditioning particles (such as particle emulsions),
a large number of hair-binding peptides, such as up to about 1,000,
may be coupled to the conditioning agent. A smaller number of
hair-binding peptides can be coupled to the smaller conditioner
molecules, such as up to about 50. Therefore, in one embodiment,
the peptide-based reagents consisting of a hair-binding peptide
(HBP) and a benefit agent (BA), wherein the benefit agent is a
hair-conditioning agent (HCA), having the general structure
(HBP).sub.n-BA, where n ranges from 1 to about 1,000, preferably
from 1 to about 50; wherein the hair-binding peptide is selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52. In another embodiment, the
peptide-based hair conditioners contain a spacer (S) separating the
hair-binding peptide from the hair conditioning agent, as described
above. Multiple copies of the hair-binding peptide may be coupled
to a single spacer molecule. In this embodiment, the peptide-based
hair conditioners are triblock compositions consisting of a
hair-binding peptide, a spacer, and a benefit agent (BA) that is a
hair conditioning agent (HCA), having the general structure
[(HBP).sub.m-S].sub.n-BA, where n ranges from 1 to about 1,000,
preferably n is 1 to about 50, and m ranges from 1 to about 50,
preferably m is 1 to about 10.
[0136] It should be understood that as used herein, HBP is a
generic designation referring to any one of the present
hair-binding peptides described herein. Where n or m as used above,
is greater than 1, it is well within the scope of the invention to
provide for the situation where a series of hair-binding peptides
of different sequences may form a part of the composition.
Additionally, it should be understood that these structures do not
necessarily represent a covalent bond between the peptide, the hair
conditioning agent, and the optional spacer. As described above,
the coupling interaction between the peptide, the hair conditioning
agent, and the optional spacer may be either covalent or
non-covalent.
[0137] The peptide-based hair conditioners of the present invention
may be used in compositions for hair care. It should also be
recognized that the hair-binding peptides themselves can serve as
conditioning agents for the treatment of hair. Hair care
compositions are herein defined as compositions for the treatment
of hair, including but not limited to shampoos, conditioners,
lotions, aerosols, gels, mousses, and hair dyes comprising an
effective amount of a peptide-based hair conditioner or a mixture
of different peptide-based hair conditioners in a cosmetically
acceptable medium. An effective amount of a peptide-based hair
conditioner or hair-binding peptide for use in a hair care
composition is herein defined as a proportion of from about 0.01%
to about 10%, preferably about 0.01% to about 5% by weight relative
to the total weight of the composition. Components of a
cosmetically acceptable medium for hair care compositions are
described by Philippe et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,747, and by
Omura et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,851 and Cannell et al. in U.S.
Pat. No. 6,013,250. For example, these hair care compositions can
be aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic solutions, the alcohol
preferably being ethanol or isopropanol, in a proportion of from
about 1 to about 75% by weight relative to the total weight, for
the aqueous-alcoholic solutions. Additionally, the hair care
compositions may contain one or more conventional cosmetic or
dermatological additives or adjuvants including but not limited to,
antioxidants, preserving agents, fillers, surfactants, UVA and/or
UVB sunscreens, fragrances, thickeners, wetting agents and anionic,
nonionic or amphoteric polymers, and dyes or pigments.
Peptide-Based Hair Colorants
[0138] The peptide-based hair colorants may be formed by coupling
at least one of the present hair-binding peptides (HBP) with a
benefit agent that acts as a coloring agent (C). The hair-binding
peptide part of the peptide-based hair colorant binds strongly to
the hair, thus keeping the coloring agent attached to the hair for
a long lasting hair coloring effect. The hair-binding peptides are
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52. Additionally, any known
hair-binding peptide may be used in combination with one or more of
the present hair-binding peptides including, but not limited to
those described by Janssen et al. in U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2003/0152976; Janssen et al. in WO 04048399; U.S.
Pat. No. 7,220,405; and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos.
11/074,473; 11/359,163; and 11/251,715.
[0139] Coloring agents as herein defined are any dye, pigment,
lake, and the like that may be used to change the color of hair. In
the peptide-based hair colorants of the present invention, any
known coloring agent may be used. Hair coloring agents are well
known in the art (see for example Green et al. supra, CFTA
International Color Handbook, 2nd ed., Micelle Press, England
(1992) and Cosmetic Handbook, US Food and Drug Administration,
FDA/IAS Booklet (1992)), and are available commercially from
various sources (for example Bayer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Ciba-Geigy,
Tarrytown, N.Y.; ICI, Bridgewater, N.J.; Sandoz, Vienna, Austria;
BASF, Mount Olive, N.J.; and Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany). Suitable
hair coloring agents include, but are not limited to dyes, such as
4-hydroxypropylamino-3-nitrophenol, 4-amino-3-nitrophenol,
2-amino-6-chloro-4-nitrophenol, 2-nitro-paraphenylenediamine,
N,N-hydroxyethyl-2-nitro-phenylenediamine, 4-nitro-indole, Henna,
HC Blue 1, HC Blue 2, HC Yellow 4, HC Red 3, HC Red 5, Disperse
Violet 4, Disperse Black 9, HC Blue 7, HC Blue 12, HC Yellow 2, HC
Yellow 6, HC Yellow 8, HC Yellow 12, HC Brown 2, D&C Yellow 1,
D&C Yellow 3, D&C Blue 1, Disperse Blue 3, Disperse violet
1, eosin derivatives such as D&C Red No. 21 and halogenated
fluorescein derivatives such as D&C Red No. 27, D&C Red
Orange No. 5 in combination with D&C Red No. 21 and D&C
Orange No. 10; and pigments, such as D&C Red No. 36 and D&C
Orange No. 17, the calcium lakes of D&C Red Nos. 7, 11, 31 and
34, the barium lake of D&C Red No. 12, the strontium lake of
D&C Red No. 13, the aluminum lakes of FD&C Yellow No. 5, of
FD&C Yellow No. 6, of D&C Red No. 27, of D&C Red No.
21, and of FD&C Blue No. 1, iron oxides, manganese violet,
chromium oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide nanoparticles,
zinc oxide, barium oxide, ultramarine blue, bismuth citrate, and
carbon black particles. The preferred hair coloring agents of the
present invention are D&C Yellow 1 and 3, HC Yellow 6 and 8,
D&C Blue 1, HC Blue 1, HC Brown 2, HC Red 5,
2-nitro-paraphenylenediamine,
N,N-hydroxyethyl-2-nitro-phenylenediamine, 4-nitro-indole, and
carbon black. In one embodiment, the coloring agent is a pigment
particle, a coated pigment particle, and mixtures thereof.
[0140] Metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles may also be used as
hair coloring agents due to their strong emission of light (U.S.
Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0010864 to Vic et al.). The
metallic nanoparticles include, but are not limited to, particles
of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, osmium,
iron, copper, cobalt, and alloys composed of these metals. An
"alloy" is herein defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more
metals. The "semiconductor nanoparticles" include, but are not
limited to, particles of cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, silver
sulfide, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide,
lead sulfide, gallium arsenide, silicon, tin oxide, iron oxide, and
indium phosphide. The nanoparticles are stabilized and made
water-soluble by the use of a suitable organic coating or
monolayer. As used herein, monolayer-protected nanoparticles are
one type of stabilized nanoparticle. Methods for the preparation of
stabilized, water-soluble metal and semiconductor nanoparticles are
known in the art, and are described by Huang et al. in U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 10/622,889. The color of the nanoparticles
depends on the size of the particles. Therefore, by controlling the
size of the nanoparticles, different colors may be obtained. For
example, ZnS-coated CdSe nanoparticles cover the entire visible
spectrum over a particle size range of 2 to 6 nm. Specifically,
CdSe nanoparticles with a core size of 2.3, 4.2, 4.8 and 5.5 nm
emit light at the wavelength centered on 485, 565, 590, and 625 nm,
respectively. Water-soluble nanoparticles of different sizes may be
obtained from a broad size distribution of nanoparticles using the
size fractionation method described by Huang, supra. That method
comprises the regulated addition of a water-miscible organic
solvent to a solution of nanoparticles in the presence of an
electrolyte. Increasing additions of the water-miscible organic
solvent result in the precipitation of nanoparticles of decreasing
size. The metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles may also serve
as volumizing agents, as described above.
[0141] Of particular utility are titanium dioxide nanoparticles
that not only serve as a colorant but additionally may serve to
block harmful UV radiation. Suitable titanium dioxide nanoparticles
are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,451,390; 5,672,330; and
5,762,914. Titanium dioxide P25 is an example of a suitable
commercial product available from Degussa. Other commercial
suppliers of titanium dioxide nanoparticles include Kemira,
Sachtleben, and Tayca.
[0142] The titanium dioxide nanoparticles typically have an average
particle size diameter of less than 100 nanometers (nm) as
determined by dynamic light scattering which measures the particle
size distribution of particles in liquid suspension. The particles
are typically agglomerates which may range from about 3 nm to about
6000 nm. Any process known in the art can be used to prepare such
particles. The process may involve vapor phase oxidation of
titanium halides or solution precipitation from soluble titanium
complexes, provided that titanium dioxide nanoparticles are
produced.
[0143] A preferred process to prepare titanium dioxide
nanoparticles is by injecting oxygen and titanium halide,
preferably titanium tetrachloride, into a high-temperature reaction
zone, typically ranging from 400 to 2000 degrees centigrade. Under
the high temperature conditions present in the reaction zone,
nanoparticles of titanium dioxide are formed having high surface
area and a narrow size distribution. The energy source in the
reactor may be any heating source such as a plasma torch.
[0144] Additionally, the coloring agent may be a colored, polymeric
microsphere. Exemplary polymeric microspheres include, but are not
limited to, microspheres of polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate,
polyvinyltoluene, styrene/butadiene copolymer, and latex. For use
in the invention, the microspheres have a diameter of about 10
nanometers to about 2 microns. The microspheres may be colored by
coupling any suitable dye, such as those described above, to the
microspheres. The dyes may be coupled to the surface of the
microsphere or adsorbed within the porous structure of a porous
microsphere. Suitable microspheres, including undyed and dyed
microspheres that are functionalized to enable covalent attachment,
are available from companies such as Bang Laboratories (Fishers,
Ind.).
[0145] The peptide-based hair colorants may be prepared by coupling
at least one of the present hair-binding peptides to a coloring
agent, either directly or via a spacer. Any of the coupling methods
described above may be used. It may be necessary to introduce
reactive groups, such as carboxylic acid, alcohol, amine, or
aldehyde groups, on the coloring agent for coupling to the
hair-binding peptide covalently. These modifications may be done
using routine chemistry, which is well known in the art. For
example, the surface of carbon black particles may be oxidized
using nitric acid, a peroxide such as hydrogen peroxide, or an
inorganic initiator such as ammonium persulfate, to generate
functional groups. Preferably, the carbon black surface is oxidized
using ammonium persulfate as described by Carrasco-Marin et al. (J.
Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 93:2211-2215 (1997)). Amino functional
groups may be introduced to the surface of carbon black using an
organic initiator such as
2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamide)-dihydrochloride. The inorganic
pigments and the nanoparticles may be derivatized to introduce
carboxylic acid or amino functional groups in a similar manner.
Pigment-Binding Peptides
[0146] In one embodiment, the particulate benefit agent may be a
pigment, a coated-pigment, or a mixture thereof. Peptide-based
reagents may be prepared linking one or more of the present
hair-binding peptides and one or more pigments. These bifunctional
reagents may be used to delivery a pigment or coated pigment to the
surface of hair (See U.S. Pat. No. 7,285,264). In one embodiment,
the peptide-based reagent comprises at least one hair-binding
domain and at least one pigment-binding domains, wherein the
domains linked together by an optional spacer.
[0147] Particulate benefit agents, including pigments, may be
coated with one or more polymers known in the art. Polymer-binding
peptides and/or polymer-binding domains may be linked to one or
more of the present hair-binding peptides to form two-handed
peptide reagents suitable for coupling a polymer coated benefit
agent to the surface of hair (see U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2007-0065387). Examples of peptides having affinity
for various polymers have also been reported.
[0148] The pigment may also be coated with silica, a material that
is often used as a coating on pigment particles. As such,
silica-binding peptides may be used to in the peptide-based reagent
to couple hair to a silica-coated particle.
[0149] A non-limiting list of benefit agent-binding peptides,
including peptides that bind to particulates and particulate
coating materials is provided including peptides that bind to
materials such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (SEQ ID NOs. 54-80;
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007-0265431),
polypropylene (SEQ ID NOs: 81-87; U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2007-0264720), polyethylene (SEQ ID NOs. 97-103;
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007-0141628), poly
tetrafluoroethylene (SEQ ID NOs. 88-96; U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 11/607,734), nylon (SEQ ID NOs 104-109; U.S. Patent
Application Publication No. 2007-0141629), polystyrene (SEQ ID NOs.
110-112; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007-0261775),
cellulose acetate (SEQ ID NOs. 113-116; U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/016,708), carbon black (SEQ ID NOs. 117-120;
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005-0054752),
CROMOPHTAL.RTM. yellow (SEQ ID NOs. 121-129; U.S. Patent
Application Publication No. 2005-0054752; available from BASF
Corp., Florham Park, N.J.), SUNFAST.RTM. magenta (SEQ ID NOs.
130-132; US 2005-0054752; Sun Chemical Co., Parsippany, N.J.),
SUNFAST.RTM. blue (SEQ ID NOs. 133-141; U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2005-0054752), silica (SEQ ID NOs. 213-235;
co-filed, copending, and co-owned U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/138,631), iron oxide (SEQ ID NOs. 142-171;
co-filed, copending, and co-owned US Provisional Patent Application
No. 61/138,623), clay (SEQ ID NOs. 172-186; U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2007-0249805), and calcium carbonate (SEQ ID NOs.
187-212; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/828,539).
Hair Care Compositions
[0150] The benefit agent may include any compound or material that
provides benefit to hair and typically includes, but is not limited
to colorants, conditioners, sunscreen agents, antimicrobial agents,
and the like. "Hair care compositions" are herein defined as
compositions for the treatment of hair including, but not limited
to, shampoos, conditioners, rinses, lotions, aerosols, gels, and
mousses.
[0151] An "effective amount" of the peptide-based reagent and
benefit agent (combined wt %) for use in hair care compositions is
a concentration of about 0.001% to about 20%, preferably about
0.01% to about 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the
composition. This proportion may vary as a function of the type of
hair care composition.
[0152] The concentration of the peptide-based hair reagent in
relation to the concentration of the benefit agent (such as a
pigment) may need to be optimized for best results. Additionally, a
mixture of different peptide-based hair reagents (such as
peptide-based hair colorants) having an affinity for different
pigments may be used in the composition. The peptide-based reagents
in the mixture need to be chosen so that there is no interaction
between the peptides that mitigates the beneficial effect. Suitable
mixtures of peptide-based hair reagents may be determined by one
skilled in the art using routine experimentation. If a mixture of
peptide-based hair coloring reagents is used in the composition,
the total concentration of the reagents is about 0.001% to about
20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
[0153] The composition may further comprise a cosmetically
acceptable medium for hair care compositions, examples of which are
described by Philippe et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,747, and by
Omura et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,851 and Cannell et al. in U.S.
Pat. No. 6,013,250. For example, these hair care compositions can
be aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic solutions, the alcohol
preferably being ethanol or isopropanol, in a proportion of from
about 1 to about 75% by weight relative to the total weight for the
aqueous-alcoholic solutions. Additionally, the hair care
compositions may contain one or more conventional cosmetic or
dermatological additives or adjuvants including, but not limited
to, antioxidants, preserving agents, fillers, surfactants, UVA
and/or UVB sunscreens, fragrances, thickeners, wetting agents and
anionic, nonionic or amphoteric polymers, and dyes.
Production of Hair-Binding Peptides
[0154] Peptides may be prepared using standard peptide synthesis
methods, which are well known in the art (see for example Stewart
et al., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, Pierce Chemical Co.,
Rockford, Ill., 1984; Bodanszky, Principles of Peptide Synthesis,
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984; and Pennington et al., Peptide
Synthesis Protocols, Humana Press, Totowa, N.J., 1994).
Additionally, many companies offer custom peptide synthesis
services.
[0155] Alternatively, peptides may be prepared using recombinant
DNA and molecular cloning techniques. Genes encoding the peptides
may be produced in heterologous host cells, particularly in the
cells of microbial hosts.
[0156] Preferred heterologous host cells for expression of the
hair-binding peptides of the present invention are microbial hosts
that can be found broadly within the fungal or bacterial families
and which grow over a wide range of temperature, pH values, and
solvent tolerances. Because transcription, translation, and the
protein biosynthetic apparatus are the same irrespective of the
cellular feedstock, functional genes are expressed irrespective of
carbon feedstock used to generate cellular biomass. Examples of
host strains include, but are not limited to, fungal or yeast
species such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Saccharomyces, Pichia,
Candida, Yarrowia, Hansenula, or bacterial species such as
Salmonella, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces,
Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Methylomonas, Methylobacter, Alcaligenes,
Synechocystis, Anabaena, Thiobacillus, Methanobacterium, and
Klebsiella.
[0157] A variety of expression systems can be used to produce the
peptides of the present invention. Such vectors include, but are
not limited to, chromosomal, episomal and virus-derived vectors,
such as vectors derived from bacterial plasmids, from
bacteriophage, from transposons, from insertion elements, from
yeast episomes, from viruses such as baculoviruses, retroviruses
and vectors derived from combinations thereof such as those derived
from plasmid and bacteriophage genetic elements, such as cosmids
and phagemids. The expression system constructs may contain
regulatory regions that regulate as well as engender expression. In
general, any system or vector suitable to maintain, propagate or
express polynucleotide or polypeptide in a host cell may be used
for expression in this regard. Microbial expression systems and
expression vectors contain regulatory sequences that direct high
level expression of foreign proteins relative to the growth of the
host cell. Regulatory sequences are well known to those skilled in
the art and examples include, but are not limited to, those which
cause the expression of a gene to be turned on or off in response
to a chemical or physical stimulus, including the presence of
regulatory elements in the vector, for example, enhancer sequences.
Any of these could be used to construct chimeric genes for
production of the any of the hair-binding peptides of the present
invention. These chimeric genes could then be introduced into
appropriate microorganisms via transformation to provide high level
expression of the hair-binding peptides.
[0158] Vectors or cassettes useful for the transformation of
suitable host cells are well known in the art. Typically the vector
or cassette contains sequences directing transcription and
translation of the relevant gene, one or more selectable markers,
and sequences allowing autonomous replication or chromosomal
integration. Suitable vectors comprise a region 5' of the gene,
which harbors transcriptional initiation controls and a region 3'
of the DNA fragment which controls transcriptional termination. It
is most preferred when both control regions are derived from genes
homologous to the transformed host cell, although it is to be
understood that such control regions need not be derived from the
genes native to the specific species chosen as a production host.
Selectable marker genes provide a phenotypic trait for selection of
the transformed host cells such as tetracycline or ampicillin
resistance in E. coli.
[0159] Initiation control regions or promoters which are useful to
drive expression of the chimeric gene in the desired host cell are
numerous and familiar to those skilled in the art. Virtually any
promoter capable of driving the gene is suitable for producing the
binding peptides of the present invention including, but not
limited to: CYC1, HIS3, GAL1, GAL10, ADH1, PGK, PHO5, GAPDH, ADC1,
TRP1, URA3, LEU2, ENO, TPI (useful for expression in
Saccharomyces); AOX1 (useful for expression in Pichia); and lac,
araB, tet, trp, P.sub.L, P.sub.R, T7, tac, and trc (useful for
expression in Escherichia coli) as well as the amy, apr, npr
promoters and various phage promoters useful for expression in
Bacillus.
[0160] Termination control regions may also be derived from various
genes native to the preferred hosts. Optionally, a termination site
may be unnecessary, however, it is most preferred if included.
[0161] The vector containing the appropriate DNA sequence is
typically employed to transform an appropriate host to permit the
host to express the peptide of the present invention. Cell-free
translation systems can also be employed to produce such peptides
using RNAs derived from the DNA constructs of the present
invention. Optionally it may be desired to produce the instant gene
product as a secretion product of the transformed host. Secretion
of desired proteins into the growth media has the advantages of
simplified and less costly purification procedures. It is well
known in the art that secretion signal sequences are often useful
in facilitating the active transport of expressible proteins across
cell membranes. The creation of a transformed host capable of
secretion may be accomplished by the incorporation of a DNA
sequence that codes for a secretion signal which is functional in
the production host. Methods for choosing appropriate signal
sequences are well known in the art (see for example EP 546049 and
WO 9324631). The secretion signal DNA or facilitator may be located
between the expression-controlling DNA and the instant gene or gene
fragment, and in the same reading frame with the latter.
Methods for Treating Hair
[0162] Methods are provided for treating hair with a benefit agent
such as peptide-based conditioners, colorants, sunscreen agents,
and antimicrobial agents of the present invention. In another
embodiment, a method is provided for forming a protective film of
peptide-based conditioner on hair by applying one of the
compositions described above comprising an effective amount of a
peptide-based hair conditioner to the hair and allowing the
formation of the protective film. The compositions may be applied
to hair by various means, including, but not limited to spraying,
brushing, and applying by hand. The peptide-based conditioner
composition is left in contact with hair for a period of time
sufficient to form the protective film, preferably for at least
about 0.1 min to 60 min.
[0163] In one embodiment, a method to form a protect layer on hair
is provided comprising:
[0164] a) providing a hair-care composition comprising at least one
peptide-based reagent comprising at least one of the present
hair-binding peptides; and
[0165] b) contacting hair with the hair-care composition of (a)
whereby the peptide-based reagent adheres to hair.
[0166] A method is also provided for coloring hair by applying a
hair care composition comprising an effective amount of a
peptide-based reagent and the benefit agent to the hair by means
described above. The hair care composition is allowed to contact
the hair for a period of time sufficient to cause the desired
effect (such as coloration, conditioning, forming a protective
layer, etc.) to the hair, preferably between about 5 seconds to
about 50 minutes, and more preferably from about 5 seconds to about
60 seconds, and then the hair care composition may be rinsed from
the hair.
EXAMPLES
[0167] The present invention is further defined in the following
Examples. It should be understood that these Examples, while
indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way
of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples,
one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics
of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope
thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the
invention to adapt it to various uses and conditions.
[0168] The meaning of abbreviations used is as follows: "min" means
minute(s), "sec" means second(s), "h" means hour(s), ".mu.L" means
microliter(s), "mL" means milliliter(s), "L" means liter(s), "nm"
means nanometer(s), "mm" means millimeter(s), "cm" means
centimeter(s), ".mu.m" means micrometer(s), "mM" means millimolar,
"M" means molar, "mmol" means millimole(s), ".mu.mole" means
micromole(s), "g" means gram(s), ".mu.g" means microgram(s), "mg"
means milligram(s), "g" means the gravitation constant, "rpm" means
revolution(s) per minute, "pfu" means plaque forming unit(s), "BSA"
means bovine serum albumin, "ELISA" means enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay, "IPTG" means isopropyl
.beta.-D-thiogalactopyranoside, "A" means absorbance, "A.sub.450"
means the absorbance measured at a wavelength of 450 nm, "TBS"
means Tris-buffered saline, "TBST" means Tris-buffered saline
containing TWEEN.RTM. 20, "TMB" means
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, "DEPC" means diethylpyrocarbonate,
and "HRP" means horse radish peroxidase.
General Methods
[0169] Standard recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques
used herein are well known in the art and are described by
Sambrook, J. and Russell, D., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual, Third Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold
Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2001); and by Silhavy, T. J., Bennan, M. L.
and Enquist, L. W., Experiments with Gene Fusions, Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory Cold Press Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1984); and by
Ausubel, F. M. et. al., Short Protocols in Molecular Biology,
5.sup.th Ed. Current Protocols and John Wiley and Sons, Inc., N.Y.,
2002.
[0170] Materials and methods suitable for the maintenance and
growth of bacterial cultures are also well known in the art.
Techniques suitable for use in the following Examples may be found
in Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology, Philipp Gerhardt, R.
G. E. Murray, Ralph N. Costilow, Eugene W. Nester, Willis A. Wood,
Noel R. Krieg and G. Briggs Phillips, eds., American Society for
Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1994, or by Thomas D. Brock in
Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology, Second
Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Mass., 1989. All
reagents, restriction enzymes and materials used for the growth and
maintenance of bacterial cells were obtained from BD Diagnostic
Systems (Sparks, Md.), Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.), Life
Technologies (Rockville, Md.), QIAGEN (Valencia, Calif.),
Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Louis, Mo.) or Pierce Chemical
Co. (A division of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Rockford, Ill.)
unless otherwise specified. unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Selection of Hair Binding Peptides Using mRNA-Display
Biopanning
[0171] The purpose of this Example was to demonstrate enrichment
and isolation of hair-binding peptides using an mRNA display
biopanning method.
mRNA-Display Peptide Libraries:
[0172] Methods to make libraries of DNA molecules suitable as
starting materials for mRNA-display are well-known in the art (see
WO2005/051985). The following procedure was used to identify 27-mer
peptides that have a specific affinity for hair as target
material.
[0173] Briefly, a library of random nucleic acid molecules (dsDNA)
each molecule encoding a peptide of desired length was generated. A
linear peptide library containing 81 nucleotide positions or 27
randomized amino acid positions was used ("p27 library"). The p27
library was designed to include appropriate 5' and 3' regions for
efficient in vitro transcription, translation, purification, and
coupling to the MHA-oligonucleotide linker (MHA is
3'-[.alpha.-amino-p-methoxy-hydrocinnamido]-3'-deoxy-adenosine) in
the individual molecules.
[0174] The DNA encoding the linear peptide library was designed to
include a T7 promoter and a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) translation
initiation sequence operably linked to the coding sequence (CDS)
(Liu et al., Methods in Enzymology, 318:268-293 (2000)). The CDS
was designed to encode: (1) a constant N-terminal flaking region
comprising a hexa-histidine tag followed by a flexible linker
(underlined) sequence (MHHHHHHSGSSSGSGSG; SEQ ID NO: 1), (2) the
randomized 27-mer linear peptide, and (3) a constant C-terminal
flanking region (TSGGSSGSSLGVASAI; SEQ ID NO: 2) comprising another
flexible linker region (bold) and a C-terminal sequence optimized
for efficient coupling to the MHA-oligonucleotide linker
(double-underlined).
In Vitro Transcription
[0175] Double stranded DNA as result of the PCR reactions were
transcribed into RNA using the RiboMax Express in vitro
transcription kit (Promega Madison, Wis.). After incubation for at
least 45 min at 37.degree. C., DNase I was added and the incubation
continued at 37.degree. C. for additional 30 minutes to degrade all
template DNA. The reaction mixture was purified by
phenol/chloroform extraction. Then free nucleotides were removed by
gel filtration using G25 microspin columns (Pharmacia; Milwaukee,
Wis.). Concentration of purified RNA was determined by photometry
at 260 nm.
Library Preparation
[0176] Approximately 10 pmol of highly purified RNA was produced by
in vitro transcription from the p27 DNA library and purified after
DNase I digestion (by phenol/chloroform extraction and gel
filtration, methods described below). The 3'-end of the p27 library
RNA was modified by attachment of a MHA-linker molecule (as
described ahead) and translated in vitro by means of a rabbit
reticulocyte lysate. Covalent fusion products between peptide and
coding RNA were purified on magnetic oligo(dT) beads, reverse
transcribed, and again purified on a Ni-NTA purification matrix to
remove uncoupled RNA and free peptides. About 8 pmol of
peptide-RNA-cDNA-fusions were used as input for the first contact
with target material during selection round 1.
Chemical Coupling of RNA and MHA-oligonucleotide Linker
[0177] Purified RNA was annealed (by heat denaturation for 1 minute
at 85.degree. C. and cooling down to 25.degree. C. for 10 minutes)
with a 1.5-fold excess of MHA-oligonucleotide linker-PEG.sub.2A18
(5'-psoralen-UAG CGG AUG C A.sub.18 (PEG-9).sub.2 CC-MHA
[nucleotides shown in italics represent 2'-O-methyl-derivatives]
(SEQ ID NO: 3). The covalent coupling was induced by radiation with
UV-light (365 nm) for 15 min at room temperature. Aliquots of this
reaction mixture before and after irradiation with UV were analyzed
on a 6%-TBE-Urea-polyacrylamidgel to control the coupling
efficiency (usually at least 60%).
In Vitro Translation and .sup.35S-Labelling of Peptide-RNA
Fusions
[0178] Ligated RNA was translated using a rabbit reticulocyte
lysate from Promega in presence of 15 .mu.Ci .sup.35S-methionine
(1000 Ci/mmole). After a 30 min incubation at 30.degree. C., KCl
and MgCl.sub.2 were added to a final concentration of 530 mM and
150 mM respectively in order to promote formation of
mRNA-peptide-fusions.
Oligo(dT) Purification
[0179] For the purification of peptide-RNA-fusions from translation
mixtures molecules were hybridized to magnetic oligo(dT) beads
(Miltenyi Biotec; Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) in annealing buffer
(100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 10 mM EDTA, 1 M NaCl and 0.25% Triton
X-100) for 5 min at 4.degree. C. Beads were separated from the
mixture using MiniMACS-filtration columns (Miltenyi Biotec),
repetitively washed with 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 1 M NaCl, 0.25%
Triton X-100 and finally eluted with water. A sample of this
reaction was analyzed on 4-20% Tris/glycine-SDS-PAGE; radioactive
bands were visualized using a PhosphoroImager.
Reverse Transcription (RT)
[0180] The RNAs of Oligo(dT)-purified peptide-RNA-fusions were
reverse transcribed using SuperScript II Reverse Transcriptase
(Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) according to the manufacturers
recommendations. RT reactions contained about 1.5-fold excess of
3'-ReversePrimer. A sample of this reaction was analyzed on 4-20%
Tris/glycine-SDS-PAGE; radioactive bands were visualized using a
PhosphorImager.
His-tag Purification Purification by Ni.sup.2+-MAC (Metal Affinity
Chromatography)
[0181] Reverse transcribed mRNA-peptide-fusion molecules were mixed
with Ni-NTA-agarose (QIAGEN; Valencia, Calif.) in HBS buffer (20 mM
HEPES pH 7.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.25% Triton X-100, 100 .mu.g/mL sheared
salmon sperm DNA, 1 mg/mL BSA) and incubated for 60 min at room
temperature under gentle shaking. Ni-NTA was then filtrated and
washed with HNT buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.025%
Triton X-100) containing 5 mM imidazole. Finally
peptide-RNA-cDNA-fusions were eluted with 150 mM imidazole in HNT
buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.025% Triton X-100). A
sample of this reaction was analyzed on 4-20%
Tris/glycine-SDS-PAGE; radioactive bands were visualized using a
PhosphorImager. BSA (final concentration 1 mg/mL) and shared salmon
sperm DNA (final concentration 100 .mu.g/mL) were added to the
eluates before contacting with target materials during selection
step.
Selection by Binding to Target Materials and Washing
[0182] A. Incubation of Peptide-RNA-cDNA-Fusion Library with Target
Material: Two different incubation buffers were used:
[0183] 1. HNTriton Incubation Buffer
Purified peptide-RNA-cDNA-fusions (PROFUSION.TM. molecules; Adnexus
Therapeutics, Waltham, Mass.) after Ni-NTA purification were
incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature in 1 mL (final volume)
of 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mg/mL BSA, 100 .mu.g/mL
shared Salmon sperm DNA, 0.025% TritonX-100 in presence of
DEPC-treated, blocked target material. Input activity of purified
peptide-RNA-cDNA-fusions was determined by scintillation
measurement.
[0184] 2. HNTween Incubation Buffer
For additional stringency, purified peptide-RNA-cDNA-fusions were
incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature in 1 mL (final volume)
in HNTween buffer (20 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5%
TWEEN.RTM.-20) with 1 mg/mL BSA, 100 .mu.g/mL shared Salmon sperm
DNA, DEPC-treated, blocked target material. Input activity of
purified peptide-RNA-cDNA-fusions was determined by scintillation
measurement.
B. Washing:
[0185] Non-binding variants were washed away by one of the
following washing procedures listed below: [0186] Washing procedure
A: used for washing the hair during selection round 1: [0187]
5.times.5 sec. each with HNTriton buffer (20 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 150
mM NaCl, 0.025% Triton-X100) [0188] 1.times.5 sec 150 mM NaCl (for
buffer removal before elution with KOH) [0189] Washing procedure B:
used for washing of hairs during selection round 2-11, and
13-control for white hair: [0190] 1.times.5 sec. each with HNTween
buffer (20 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% Tween-20) [0191]
2.times.5 min. with 10% shampoo in HNTriton buffer [0192] 2.times.5
sec with HNTween buffer [0193] 1.times.5 sec 150 mM NaCl (for
buffer removal before elution with KOH) [0194] Washing procedure C
: used for washing of hair during selection rounds 11b, 12b, and
13b for white hair. [0195] 2.times.5 sec. each with HNTween buffer
(20 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% Tween-20) [0196] 1.times.5
min. with 10% shampoo in HNTriton buffer [0197] 1.times.5 sec with
HNTween buffer including tube change [0198] 4.times.30 min with 10%
shampoo in HNTriton buffer [0199] 3.times.5 sec with HNTween
buffer; 1 tube change during the third wash [0200] 1.times.5 sec
150 mM NaCl (for buffer removal before elution with KOH)
[0201] The shampoo used in the above washing procedures was a
commercially available hair shampoo having the following
composition:
TABLE-US-00002 Water 51% Ammonium lauryl sulfate 20% Sodium lauryl
ether sulfate 15% Cocamidopropyl betaine 7% Cocamide MEA 2.5%
Miscellaneous minor components** ~4.5% **(e.g. various pH
adjusters, preservatives, vitamins, chelating agents, dispersants,
lubricants, fragrances, and dyes)
Comment on Incubation and Washing Conditions:
[0202] Normally during mRNA display selections a low detergent
concentration is chosen to have low stringent conditions during up
to 6 rounds of selection by keeping the detergent concentration at
0.025% Triton-X100. However, a higher stringency for the target
material was applied from the beginning during incubation and
washing (see washing procedures). The applied high concentrations
of TWEEN.RTM.-20 and shampoo are close to the so called "critical
micelle concentration" (CMC) allowing the formation of small
micelles which might contain more than one peptide-RNA-cDNA-fusion.
Since CMC driven aggregation of peptide-RNA-cDNA-fusions are
critical for successful selections, higher concentrations of the
detergents described above were not used.
cDNA Elution:
[0203] cDNAs of binding variants were eluted by incubation of
target material in 50 .mu.L of 100 mM KOH at 60.degree. C. for 30
minutes. After centrifugation, supernatant was removed from target
material and transferred into a fresh tube. KOH eluates were
subsequently neutralized by addition of 1 .mu.L of 1 M Tris/HCl, pH
7.0 and 3.8 .mu.L of 1 M HCl (per 50 .mu.L 100 mM KOH).
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
[0204] After elution in KOH and neutralization, the recovered cDNAs
were amplified by quantitative PCR with increasing numbers of
amplification cycles (12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 27 cycles). Products
were subsequently analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis over 2%
agarose gels. Optimized conditions (minimal cycle number to get
good enrichment of DNA of correct length) were then applied for a
preparative PCR reaction and controlled again by agarose gel
electrophoresis.
[0205] Analytical and preparative PCR reactions were performed in
presence of 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8 at 25.degree. C.), 50 mM KCl,
0.08% Nonidet P40, 2 mM MgCl.sub.2, 2.5 mM dNTPs, 1 .mu.M of each
forward and reverse primer (5'-TAATACGACTCATAGGGACAATTACTATTTACAA
TTACAATG-3'; SEQ ID NO: 4) and
(5'-AATTAAATAGCGGATGCTACACCAAGACTAGAACCGCTG-3'; SEQ ID NO: 5), 1/5
volume of neutralized cDNA eluate and 0.05 U/.mu.L Taq polymerase
(Promega). Temperature program of PCR reaction is given below:
Initial denaturation: 90 sec at 94.degree. C.; cycling: 15 sec at
94.degree. C. (denaturation), 20 sec at 60.degree. C. (annealing),
30 sec at 72.degree. C. (extension); post treatment: 3 min at
72.degree. C. (post-treatment); hold at 4.degree. C.
Enrichment of cDNA-RNA-Peptide Fusion Molecules Binding to White
Hair
[0206] Initial selection was conducted using stringent washing
conditions. Thirteen rounds of selection were conducted and the
relative binding of radioactively labeled cDNA-RNA-peptide fusion
molecules to the white hair target material was measured. The
amount of target used per round was 4 hairs stuck together with
glue in a brush-like structure.
[0207] Rounds 1 of selection used washing procedure A. Rounds 2-9
and 13-control used washing procedure B. Rounds 10, 12, and 13 used
washing procedure C. Round 11 used washing procedure D. The
relative amount of enrichment (reported as percent enrichment of
binding molecules relative to their respective input signals
[activity of cDNA-RNA-peptide fusions before contacting with the
target material]) is provided in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1 % Enrichment of cDNA- RNA-peptide fusion
Selection Incubation Washing molecules having an Round Buffer
Procedure affinity for white hair 1 1 A 0.0 2 1 B 0.070 3 1 B 0.140
4 1 B 0.459 5 1 B 3.536 6 1 B 0.513 .sup. 7.sup.a 1 B 2.928.sup.a 8
2 B 0.890 9 2 B 0.310 10 2 B 1.617 11 2 B 0.821 11b 2 C 0.187 12b 2
C 0.222 .sup. 13b.sup.a 2 C 0.108.sup.a 13-control 2 B 0.824
.sup.a= enriched binder sequences of respective round analyzed
Sequencing of 27-mer White Hair-Binding Peptides
[0208] The cDNA molecules from the enriched pool of white
hair-binding fusion molecules were isolated and PCR amplified as
described above. The sequences of the DNA molecules encoding the
white hair-binding peptides were determined and are provided in
Tables 2 (Round 7), and Table 3 (Round 13).
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2 Enriched White Hair-binding Peptides After
Round 7. SEQ Sample ID No. Amino Acid Sequence NO: 1
RPGRRIRPVLKATEWLLVSISKLLWGM 6 2 LCRNRRGLYRSLLSSAKRGVSSFLWWT 7 3, 28
VKKAKAQRVRGISLWNFVCHVSRGLWT 8 5 LGMLMRRMIKMGKLLSALGLWYRPRVS 9 6,
29, 30 RRMRIRWLSLLSWLVSGLNRRTHLGRP 10 7, 24
KCGQVSRLGWNRNAWWKFKVLSSVWGW 11 8 GRRSLHLRTGIMSVRPFRYLCTLQRMW 12 9
RNAHGRRSRNHMWWGLARLALIGFLTV 13 10 GRTRQECRRTTWWNRVFVTVKRFTSGG 14 11
RILRGVRRVLGPPMLWPVRFWNWMVKA 15 12 VWSWLKRAMYTKFLLGVSRYVFRT 16 13
VARWRRILSRAWNASRLMAWVMWHKSH 17 14 VIWRRPGCLKSFGRPWFVVFRKVGLHF 18 15
GRSHVFRVLKSVMWLFKKLAVLSGRAA 19 16 RPRWKGWSWIKLGLQVMHGLPRLLGNR 20 17
GSRKRLRSNLVTYLRIGHSLLSVIRRA 21 18 VVASRRKQRMAASKIYDWYRCVYDWFT 22 19
GRKRNASLWSRVHVLRWFPLLTWALLQ 23 20 RKVRWAKSLRLVSIFWRLWKSNFTTYE 24 21
RSMVHRFRLGVRRLAWGLAIRGLRIMM 25 22 FHKRRATLRSSLISKVMGLVLNKLMGS 26 23
NSNKHRMIPMRRWTWLAITTLRAFRWA 27 25 AVWKKTRIWRRIPMYRFVGYLVRMFTS 28 26
VLTRLGRVARKAWDKWWCRFKVSAASH 29 27 RNWVRAMSKVWPSWRLMWWLGTLGSNP
30
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 3 Enriched White Hair-binding Peptides After
Round 13. SEQ ID Sample No. Amino Acid Sequence NO: 1, 7
SIKKLVMRMLVGLLVRHRVKHALLNHW 31 2, 14, 24,
VLRRVHRLLTLVSVARKATRSVYQWLF 32 31, 33, 35 3
RLALKTRRSVQTARLMLNLWHVLGNWS 33 4, 5 RRSMSLRMLTRGIKWSAMAYLASRWIL 34
6, 12 SLRRRWTTFGKILRRWTLPTAMLLVMM 35 9, 17, 25,
RLALKTRRSVQTVRLMLNLWHVLGNWS 36 30, 40 10
RTRRSSRTATIYKLQLLMHSWKLLHLL 37 11 RIVRGKKRLNLKRDLVRLLWQATWWRF 38 13
LRRLVRRLRLLEFMWTGLSSVSKNIFG 39 15, 18 FGHLRRTSTKWYKALLRNSLLWGIWRI
40 16 LGRKILRRIAKTVWTRLSERFMSNIWL 41 19 FRFRVPKLRLGQLWWLTWPLLKWTQNA
42 20 RRWRMLLHDMLLGMTIKVFRKVKFRYL 43 22 RQTSWVHRALRWVRIGTAISEGILRGM
44 23 ARLRKKAMIRVLGKTAMWWLGTWMGHA 45 26 RMTFSKRVLASLVIKPLISSTWAWILN
46 27 ALRRVHRLLTLVSVARKATRSVYQWLF 47 28 QQGAGLLKQLVARKFLSWGLNTLIT
48 32 LRQVHRAVRRGRLIHKVVTWGWHWFVT 49 34 ERLRAARFQRKIMFVLARLWLGPIWHR
50 36 RRVIRHLWKRLILSGSNVMLAWLLKGS 51 38 VGKRIHLARVFWRTWHMGSVFMRFLKA
52
Example 2
Determination of Hair-Binding Affinity
[0209] The purpose of this Example was to determine the affinity of
hair-binding peptides for hair surfaces, measured as MB.sub.50
values, using an ELISA assay. Several hair-binding peptides from
Example 1 were used to confirm that the selection process used in
Example 1 produced hair-binding peptides having strong affinity for
hair.
[0210] The peptides were synthesized using standard solid phage
synthesis method and were biotinylated by adding a biotinylated
lysine residue at the C-terminus of the amino acid binding sequence
for detection purposes. The peptides tested were CXH-W3 (Sample ID
Nos. 4 and 5 from Table 3; SEQ ID NO: 34) and CXH-W4 (Sample ID
NOs: 6 and 12 from Table 3; SEQ ID NO: 35).
[0211] The MB.sub.50 measurements of the biotinylated peptides
binding to hair were done using the natural white hair bundles
(piedmont white human hairs were obtained from International Hair
Importers and Products (Bellerose, N.Y.). The hair samples were
assembled in bundles consisting of 100 hairs about 1 cm long which
were bundled together using narrow tape at one end. The hair
bundles were incubated in SUPERBLOCK.RTM. blocking buffer (Pierce
Chemical) for 1 hour at room temperature (.about.22.degree. C.),
followed by 3 washes with TBST (TBS in 0.05% TWEEN.RTM. 20).
Peptide binding buffer consisting of various concentrations of
biotinylated peptide in TBST and 1 mg/mL BSA was added to the hair
bundles and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature, followed by 6
TBST washes. Then, the streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
conjugate (Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill.) was added to each
well (1.0 .mu.g per well), and incubated for 1 h at room
temperature, followed by 6 times of washes with TBST. All hair
bundles were transferred to new tubes and then the color
development (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was the
substrate) and the absorbance measurements were performed following
the manufacturer's protocol. The results were plotted as A.sub.450
versus the concentration of peptide using GraphPad Prism 4.0
(GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, Calif.). The MB.sub.50 values
were calculated from Scatchard plots and are shown Table 4.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 4 Summary of MB.sub.50 Values for Selected
Hair-Binding Peptides Peptide Peptide Sequence ID (SEQ ID NO:)
MB.sub.50 (M) CXH-W3 RRSMSLRMLTRGIKWSAMAYLASRWIL- 7.2 .times.
10.sup.-8 K(biotin)-NH.sub.2 (SEQ ID NO: 269) CXH-W4
SLRRRWTTFGKILRRWTLPTAMLLVMM- 2.1 .times. 10.sup.-8
K(biotin)-NH.sub.2 (SEQ ID NO: 270)
Sequence CWU 1
1
270117PRTartificial sequenceN terminal constant region 1Met His His
His His His His Ser Gly Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly
216PRTartificial sequenceC terminal constant region 2Thr Ser Gly
Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Ser Leu Gly Val Ala Ser Ala Ile 1 5 10 15
328RNAartificial sequenceSynthetic oligonucleotide linker
3uagcggaugc aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa 28442DNAartificial sequenceprimer
4taatacgact catagggaca attactattt acaattacaa tg 42539DNAartificial
sequenceprimer 5aattaaatag cggatgctac accaagacta gaaccgctg
39627PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 6Arg Pro Gly Arg
Arg Ile Arg Pro Val Leu Lys Ala Thr Glu Trp Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Val
Ser Ile Ser Lys Leu Leu Trp Gly Met 20 25 727PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 7Leu Cys Arg Asn Arg Arg Gly Leu Tyr
Arg Ser Leu Leu Ser Ser Ala 1 5 10 15 Lys Arg Gly Val Ser Ser Phe
Leu Trp Trp Thr 20 25 827PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide
8Val Lys Lys Ala Lys Ala Gln Arg Val Arg Gly Ile Ser Leu Trp Asn 1
5 10 15 Phe Val Cys His Val Ser Arg Gly Leu Trp Thr 20 25
927PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 9Leu Gly Met Leu Met
Arg Arg Met Ile Lys Met Gly Lys Leu Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala Leu Gly
Leu Trp Tyr Arg Pro Arg Val Ser 20 25 1027PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 10Arg Arg Met Arg Ile Arg Trp Leu Ser
Leu Leu Ser Trp Leu Val Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Asn Arg Arg Thr His
Leu Gly Arg Pro 20 25 1127PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 11Lys Cys Gly Gln Val Ser Arg Leu Gly Trp Asn Arg Asn Ala
Trp Trp 1 5 10 15 Lys Phe Lys Val Leu Ser Ser Val Trp Gly Trp 20 25
1227PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 12Gly Arg Arg Ser
Leu His Leu Arg Thr Gly Ile Met Ser Val Arg Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Arg
Tyr Leu Cys Thr Leu Gln Arg Met Trp 20 25 1327PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 13Arg Asn Ala His Gly Arg Arg Ser Arg
Asn His Met Trp Trp Gly Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Arg Leu Ala Leu Ile Gly
Phe Leu Thr Val 20 25 1427PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 14Gly Arg Thr Arg Gln Glu Cys Arg Arg Thr Thr Trp Trp Asn
Arg Val 1 5 10 15 Phe Val Thr Val Lys Arg Phe Thr Ser Gly Gly 20 25
1527PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 15Arg Ile Leu Arg
Gly Val Arg Arg Val Leu Gly Pro Pro Met Leu Trp 1 5 10 15 Pro Val
Arg Phe Trp Asn Trp Met Val Lys Ala 20 25 1624PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 16Val Trp Ser Trp Leu Lys Arg Ala Met
Tyr Thr Lys Phe Leu Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Val Ser Arg Tyr Val Phe Arg
Thr 20 1727PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 17Val Ala Arg
Trp Arg Arg Ile Leu Ser Arg Ala Trp Asn Ala Ser Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu
Met Ala Trp Val Met Trp His Lys Ser His 20 25 1827PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 18Val Ile Trp Arg Arg Pro Gly Cys Leu
Lys Ser Phe Gly Arg Pro Trp 1 5 10 15 Phe Val Val Phe Arg Lys Val
Gly Leu His Phe 20 25 1927PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 19Gly Arg Ser His Val Phe Arg Val Leu Lys Ser Val Met Trp
Leu Phe 1 5 10 15 Lys Lys Leu Ala Val Leu Ser Gly Arg Ala Ala 20 25
2027PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 20Arg Pro Arg Trp
Lys Gly Trp Ser Trp Ile Lys Leu Gly Leu Gln Val 1 5 10 15 Met His
Gly Leu Pro Arg Leu Leu Gly Asn Arg 20 25 2127PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 21Gly Ser Arg Lys Arg Leu Arg Ser Asn
Leu Val Thr Tyr Leu Arg Ile 1 5 10 15 Gly His Ser Leu Leu Ser Val
Ile Arg Arg Ala 20 25 2227PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 22Val Val Ala Ser Arg Arg Lys Gln Arg Met Ala Ala Ser Lys
Ile Tyr 1 5 10 15 Asp Trp Tyr Arg Cys Val Tyr Asp Trp Phe Thr 20 25
2327PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 23Gly Arg Lys Arg
Asn Ala Ser Leu Trp Ser Arg Val His Val Leu Arg 1 5 10 15 Trp Phe
Pro Leu Leu Thr Trp Ala Leu Leu Gln 20 25 2427PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 24Arg Lys Val Arg Trp Ala Lys Ser Leu
Arg Leu Val Ser Ile Phe Trp 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Trp Lys Ser Asn Phe
Thr Thr Tyr Glu 20 25 2527PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 25Arg Ser Met Val His Arg Phe Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Arg Leu
Ala Trp 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Ala Ile Arg Gly Leu Arg Ile Met Met 20 25
2627PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 26Phe His Lys Arg
Arg Ala Thr Leu Arg Ser Ser Leu Ile Ser Lys Val 1 5 10 15 Met Gly
Leu Val Leu Asn Lys Leu Met Gly Ser 20 25 2727PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 27Asn Ser Asn Lys His Arg Met Ile Pro
Met Arg Arg Trp Thr Trp Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ile Thr Thr Leu Arg Ala
Phe Arg Trp Ala 20 25 2827PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 28Ala Val Trp Lys Lys Thr Arg Ile Trp Arg Arg Ile Pro Met
Tyr Arg 1 5 10 15 Phe Val Gly Tyr Leu Val Arg Met Phe Thr Ser 20 25
2927PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 29Val Leu Thr Arg
Leu Gly Arg Val Ala Arg Lys Ala Trp Asp Lys Trp 1 5 10 15 Trp Cys
Arg Phe Lys Val Ser Ala Ala Ser His 20 25 3027PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 30Arg Asn Trp Val Arg Ala Met Ser Lys
Val Trp Pro Ser Trp Arg Leu 1 5 10 15 Met Trp Trp Leu Gly Thr Leu
Gly Ser Asn Pro 20 25 3127PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 31Ser Ile Lys Lys Leu Val Met Arg Met Leu Val Gly Leu Leu
Val Arg 1 5 10 15 His Arg Val Lys His Ala Leu Leu Asn His Trp 20 25
3227PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 32Val Leu Arg Arg
Val His Arg Leu Leu Thr Leu Val Ser Val Ala Arg 1 5 10 15 Lys Ala
Thr Arg Ser Val Tyr Gln Trp Leu Phe 20 25 3327PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 33Arg Leu Ala Leu Lys Thr Arg Arg Ser
Val Gln Thr Ala Arg Leu Met 1 5 10 15 Leu Asn Leu Trp His Val Leu
Gly Asn Trp Ser 20 25 3427PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 34Arg Arg Ser Met Ser Leu Arg Met Leu Thr Arg Gly Ile Lys
Trp Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala Met Ala Tyr Leu Ala Ser Arg Trp Ile Leu 20 25
3527PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 35Ser Leu Arg Arg
Arg Trp Thr Thr Phe Gly Lys Ile Leu Arg Arg Trp 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu
Pro Thr Ala Met Leu Leu Val Met Met 20 25 3627PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 36Arg Leu Ala Leu Lys Thr Arg Arg Ser
Val Gln Thr Val Arg Leu Met 1 5 10 15 Leu Asn Leu Trp His Val Leu
Gly Asn Trp Ser 20 25 3727PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 37Arg Thr Arg Arg Ser Ser Arg Thr Ala Thr Ile Tyr Lys Leu
Gln Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Met His Ser Trp Lys Leu Leu His Leu Leu 20 25
3827PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 38Arg Ile Val Arg
Gly Lys Lys Arg Leu Asn Leu Lys Arg Asp Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu
Leu Trp Gln Ala Thr Trp Trp Arg Phe 20 25 3927PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 39Leu Arg Arg Leu Val Arg Arg Leu Arg
Leu Leu Glu Phe Met Trp Thr 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Ser Ser Val Ser Lys
Asn Ile Phe Gly 20 25 4027PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 40Phe Gly His Leu Arg Arg Thr Ser Thr Lys Trp Tyr Lys Ala
Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Arg Asn Ser Leu Leu Trp Gly Ile Trp Arg Ile 20 25
4127PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 41Leu Gly Arg Lys
Ile Leu Arg Arg Ile Ala Lys Thr Val Trp Thr Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Ser
Glu Arg Phe Met Ser Asn Ile Trp Leu 20 25 4227PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 42Phe Arg Phe Arg Val Pro Lys Leu Arg
Leu Gly Gln Leu Trp Trp Leu 1 5 10 15 Thr Trp Pro Leu Leu Lys Trp
Thr Gln Asn Ala 20 25 4327PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 43Arg Arg Trp Arg Met Leu Leu His Asp Met Leu Leu Gly Met
Thr Ile 1 5 10 15 Lys Val Phe Arg Lys Val Lys Phe Arg Tyr Leu 20 25
4427PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 44Arg Gln Thr Ser
Trp Val His Arg Ala Leu Arg Trp Val Arg Ile Gly 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala
Ile Ser Glu Gly Ile Leu Arg Gly Met 20 25 4527PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 45Ala Arg Leu Arg Lys Lys Ala Met Ile
Arg Val Leu Gly Lys Thr Ala 1 5 10 15 Met Trp Trp Leu Gly Thr Trp
Met Gly His Ala 20 25 4627PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 46Arg Met Thr Phe Ser Lys Arg Val Leu Ala Ser Leu Val Ile
Lys Pro 1 5 10 15 Leu Ile Ser Ser Thr Trp Ala Trp Ile Leu Asn 20 25
4727PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 47Ala Leu Arg Arg
Val His Arg Leu Leu Thr Leu Val Ser Val Ala Arg 1 5 10 15 Lys Ala
Thr Arg Ser Val Tyr Gln Trp Leu Phe 20 25 4825PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 48Gln Gln Gly Ala Gly Leu Leu Lys Gln
Leu Val Ala Arg Lys Phe Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Trp Gly Leu Asn Thr Leu
Ile Thr 20 25 4927PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 49Leu
Arg Gln Val His Arg Ala Val Arg Arg Gly Arg Leu Ile His Lys 1 5 10
15 Val Val Thr Trp Gly Trp His Trp Phe Val Thr 20 25
5027PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 50Glu Arg Leu Arg
Ala Ala Arg Phe Gln Arg Lys Ile Met Phe Val Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Arg
Leu Trp Leu Gly Pro Ile Trp His Arg 20 25 5127PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 51Arg Arg Val Ile Arg His Leu Trp Lys
Arg Leu Ile Leu Ser Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Asn Val Met Leu Ala Trp Leu
Leu Lys Gly Ser 20 25 5227PRTartificial sequencehair-binding
peptide 52Val Gly Lys Arg Ile His Leu Ala Arg Val Phe Trp Arg Thr
Trp His 1 5 10 15 Met Gly Ser Val Phe Met Arg Phe Leu Lys Ala 20 25
538PRTArtificial SequenceCaspase 3 cleavage site 53Leu Glu Ser Gly
Asp Glu Val Asp 1 5 5412PRTArtificial
sequencePolymethylmethacrylate binding peptides 54Ile Pro Trp Trp
Asn Ile Arg Ala Pro Leu Asn Ala 1 5 10 5512PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 55Thr Ala Val Met
Asn Val Val Asn Asn Gln Leu Ser 1 5 10 5612PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 56Val Pro Trp Trp
Ala Pro Ser Lys Leu Ser Met Gln 1 5 10 5712PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 57Met Val Met Ala
Pro His Thr Pro Arg Ala Arg Ser 1 5 10 5812PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 58Thr Tyr Pro Asn
Trp Ala His Leu Leu Ser His Tyr 1 5 10 597PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 59Thr Pro Trp Trp
Arg Ile Thr 1 5 607PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 60Asp Leu Thr Leu
Pro Phe His 1 5 617PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 61Gly Thr Ser Ile
Pro Ala Met 1 5 627PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 62His His Lys His
Val Val Ala 1 5 637PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 63His His His Lys
His Phe Met 1 5 647PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 64His His His Arg
His Gln Gly 1 5 657PRTArtificial
SequencePolymethylmethacrylate-binding peptide 65His His Trp His
Ala Pro Arg 1 5 6612PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant,
PMMA-binding peptide 66Ala Pro Trp His Leu Ser Ser Gln Tyr Ser Gly
Thr 1 5 10 6714PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding
peptide 67Gly Tyr Cys Leu Arg Val Asp Glu Pro Thr Val Cys Ser Gly 1
5 10 6815PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding
peptide 68His Ile His Pro Ser Asp Asn Phe Pro His Lys Asn Arg Thr
His 1 5 10 15 6920PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant
PMMA-binding peptide 69His Thr His His Asp Thr His Lys Pro Trp Pro
Thr Asp Asp His Arg 1 5 10 15 Asn Ser Ser Val 20 7020PRTArtificial
SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding peptide 70Pro Glu Asp Arg
Pro Ser Arg Thr Asn Ala Leu His His Asn Ala His 1 5 10 15 His His
Asn Ala 20 7115PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding
peptide 71Thr Pro His Asn His Ala Thr Thr Asn His His Ala Gly Lys
Lys 1 5 10 15 7215PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant
PMMA-binding peptide 72Glu Met Val Lys Asp Ser Asn Gln Arg Asn Thr
Arg Ile Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 7312PRTArtificial
SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding peptide 73His Tyr Ser Arg
Tyr Asn Pro Gly Pro His Pro Leu 1 5 10 7412PRTArtificial
SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding peptide 74Ile Asp Thr Phe
Tyr Met Ser Thr Met Ser His Ser 1 5 10 7520PRTArtificial
SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding peptide 75Pro Met Lys Glu
Ala Thr His Pro Val Pro Pro His Lys His Ser Glu 1 5 10 15 Thr Pro
Thr Ala 20 7612PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding
peptide 76Tyr Gln Thr Ser Ser Pro Ala Lys Gln Ser Val Gly 1 5 10
7715PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding peptide
77His Leu Pro Ser Tyr Gln Ile Thr Gln Thr His Ala Gln Tyr Arg 1 5
10 15 7820PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding
peptide 78Thr Thr Pro Lys Thr Thr Tyr His Gln Ser Arg Ala Pro Val
Thr Ala 1 5 10 15 Met Ser Glu Val 20 7915PRTArtificial
SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding peptide 79Asp Arg Ile His
His Lys Ser His His Val Thr Thr Asn His Phe 1 5 10 15
8012PRTArtificial SequenceShampoo-resistant PMMA-binding peptide
80Trp Ala Pro Glu Lys Asp Tyr Met Gln Leu Met Lys 1 5 10
8112PRTArtificial sequencePolypropylene-binding peptides 81Thr Ser
Asp Ile Lys Ser Arg Ser Pro His His Arg 1 5
10 8212PRTArtificial SequencePolypropylenebinding peptide 82His Thr
Gln Asn Met Arg Met Tyr Glu Pro Trp Phe 1 5 10 837PRTArtificial
SequencePolypropylene-binding peptide 83Leu Pro Pro Gly Ser Leu Ala
1 5 8412PRTArtificial SequencePolypropylene-binding peptide 84Met
Pro Ala Val Met Ser Ser Ala Gln Val Pro Arg 1 5 10
8512PRTArtificial SequencePolypropylene-binding peptide 85Asn Gln
Ser Phe Leu Pro Leu Asp Phe Pro Phe Arg 1 5 10 8612PRTArtificial
SequencePolypropylene-binding peptide 86Ser Ile Leu Ser Thr Met Ser
Pro His Gly Ala Thr 1 5 10 8712PRTArtificial
SequencePolypropylenebinding peptide 87Ser Met Lys Tyr Ser His Ser
Thr Ala Pro Ala Leu 1 5 10 8812PRTArtificial
sequencePolytetrafluoroethylene-binding peptides 88Glu Ser Ser Tyr
Ser Trp Ser Pro Ala Arg Leu Ser 1 5 10 8912PRTArtificial
SequencePolytetrafluoroethylene-binding peptide 89Gly Pro Leu Lys
Leu Leu His Ala Trp Trp Gln Pro 1 5 10 907PRTArtificial
SequencePolytetrafluoroethylene-binding peptide 90Asn Ala Leu Thr
Arg Pro Val 1 5 917PRTArtificial
SequencePolytetrafluoroethylene-binding peptide 91Ser Ala Pro Ser
Ser Lys Asn 1 5 9212PRTArtificial
SequencePolytetrafluoroethylene-binding peptide 92Ser Val Ser Val
Gly Met Lys Pro Ser Pro Arg Pro 1 5 10 9312PRTArtificial
SequencePolytetrafluoroethylene-binding peptide 93Ser Tyr Tyr Ser
Leu Pro Pro Ile Phe His Ile Pro 1 5 10 9412PRTArtificial
SequencePolytetrafluoroethylene-binding peptide 94Thr Phe Thr Pro
Tyr Ser Ile Thr His Ala Leu Leu 1 5 10 9512PRTArtificial
SequencePolytetrafluoroethylene-binding peptide 95Thr Met Gly Phe
Thr Ala Pro Arg Phe Pro His Tyr 1 5 10 9612PRTArtificial
SequencePolytetrafluoroethylene-binding peptide 96Thr Asn Pro Phe
Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Ser Pro Ala 1 5 10 9712PRTArtificial
sequencePolyethylene-binding peptides 97His Asn Lys Ser Ser Pro Leu
Thr Ala Ala Leu Pro 1 5 10 9812PRTArtificial
SequencePolyethylene-binding peptide 98Leu Pro Pro Trp Lys His Lys
Thr Ser Gly Val Ala 1 5 10 9912PRTArtificial
SequencePolyethylene-binding peptide 99Leu Pro Trp Trp Leu Arg Asp
Ser Tyr Leu Leu Pro 1 5 10 10012PRTArtificial
SequencePolyethylene-binding peptide 100Val Pro Trp Trp Lys His Pro
Pro Leu Pro Val Pro 1 5 10 10112PRTArtificial
SequencePolyethylene-binding peptide 101His His Lys Gln Trp His Asn
His Pro His His Ala 1 5 10 10212PRTArtificial
SequencePolyethylene-binding peptide 102His Ile Phe Ser Ser Trp His
Gln Met Trp His Arg 1 5 10 10312PRTArtificial
SequencePolyethylene-binding peptide 103Trp Pro Ala Trp Lys Thr His
Pro Ile Leu Arg Met 1 5 10 1047PRTArtificial sequenceNylon-binding
peptides 104Lys Thr Pro Pro Thr Arg Pro 1 5 1057PRTArtificial
SequenceNylon-binding peptide 105Val Ile Asn Pro Asn Leu Asp 1 5
1067PRTArtificial SequenceNylon-binding peptide 106Lys Val Trp Ile
Val Ser Thr 1 5 1077PRTArtificial SequenceNylon-binding peptide
107Ala Glu Pro Val Ala Met Leu 1 5 1087PRTArtificial
SequenceNylon-binding peptide 108Ala Glu Leu Val Ala Met Leu 1 5
1097PRTArtificial SequenceNylon-binding peptide 109His Ser Leu Arg
Leu Asp Trp 1 5 11013PRTArtificial sequencePolystyrene-binding
peptide 110Thr Ser Thr Ala Ser Pro Thr Met Gln Ser Lys Ile Arg 1 5
10 11112PRTArtificial SequencePolystyrene-binding peptide 111Lys
Arg Asn His Trp Gln Arg Met His Leu Ser Ala 1 5 10
11212PRTArtificial SequencePolystyrene-binding peptide 112Ser His
Ala Thr Pro Pro Gln Gly Leu Gly Pro Gln 1 5 10 11320PRTartificial
sequencecellulose acetate-binding peptide 113Ala Thr Thr Pro Pro
Ser Gly Lys Ala Ala Ala His Ser Ala Ala Arg 1 5 10 15 Gln Lys Gly
Asn 20 11415PRTartificial sequencecellulose acetate-binding peptide
114Asp Thr Ile His Pro Asn Lys Met Lys Ser Pro Ser Ser Pro Leu 1 5
10 15 11520PRTartificial sequencecellulose aceteate-binding peptide
115Asn Gly Asn Asn His Thr Asp Ile Pro Asn Arg Ser Ser Tyr Thr Gly
1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Phe Ala 20 11615PRTARTIFICIAL SEQUENCEcellulose
acetate-binding peptide 116Ser Asp Glu Thr Gly Pro Gln Ile Pro His
Arg Arg Pro Thr Trp 1 5 10 15 1177PRTArtificial
SequencePigment-binding peptide 117Met Pro Pro Pro Leu Met Gln 1 5
1187PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding peptide 118Phe His Glu
Asn Trp Pro Ser 1 5 11912PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding
peptide 119Arg Thr Ala Pro Thr Thr Pro Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu 1 5 10
12012PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding peptide 120Trp His Leu
Ser Trp Ser Pro Val Pro Leu Pro Thr 1 5 10 1217PRTArtificial
SequencePigment-binding peptide 121Pro His Ala Arg Leu Val Gly 1 5
1227PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding peptide 122Asn Ile Pro
Tyr His His Pro 1 5 1237PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding
peptide 123Thr Thr Met Pro Ala Ile Pro 1 5 1247PRTArtificial
SequencePigment-binding peptide 124His Asn Leu Pro Pro Arg Ser 1 5
12512PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding peptide 125Ala His Lys
Thr Gln Met Gly Val Arg Gln Pro Ala 1 5 10 12612PRTArtificial
SequencePigment-binding peptide 126Ala Asp Asn Val Gln Met Gly Val
Ser His Thr Pro 1 5 10 12712PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding
peptide 127Ala His Asn Ala Gln Met Gly Val Ser His Pro Pro 1 5 10
12812PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding peptide 128Ala Asp Tyr
Val Gly Met Gly Val Ser His Arg Pro 1 5 10 12912PRTArtificial
SequencePigment-binding peptide 129Ser Val Ser Val Gly Met Lys Pro
Ser Pro Arg Pro 1 5 10 1307PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding
peptide 130Tyr Pro Asn Thr Ala Leu Val 1 5 1317PRTArtificial
SequencePigment-binding peptide 131Val Ala Thr Arg Ile Val Ser 1 5
13212PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding peptide 132His Ser Leu
Lys Asn Ser Met Leu Thr Val Met Ala 1 5 10 1337PRTArtificial
SequencePigment-binding peptide 133Asn Tyr Pro Thr Gln Ala Pro 1 5
1347PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding peptide 134Lys Cys Cys
Tyr Ser Val Gly 1 5 13512PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding
peptide 135Arg His Asp Leu Asn Thr Trp Leu Pro Pro Val Lys 1 5 10
13612PRTPigment-binding peptide 136Glu Ile Ser Leu Pro Ala Lys Leu
Pro Ser Ala Ser 1 5 10 13712PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding
peptide 137Ser Asp Tyr Val Gly Met Arg Pro Ser Pro Arg His 1 5 10
13812PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding peptide 138Ser Asp Tyr
Val Gly Met Arg Leu Ser Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 13912PRTArtificial
SequencePigment-binding peptide 139Ser Val Ser Val Gly Ile Gln Pro
Ser Pro Arg Pro 1 5 10 14012PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding
peptide 140Tyr Val Ser Val Gly Ile Lys Pro Ser Pro Arg Pro 1 5 10
14112PRTArtificial SequencePigment-binding peptide 141Tyr Val Cys
Glu Gly Ile His Pro Cys Pro Arg Pro 1 5 10 14212PRTartificial
sequencesynthetic pigment binding peptide 142Trp Ala Pro Glu Lys
Asp His Met Gln Leu Met Lys 1 5 10 14312PRTartificial sequenceIron
oxide-binding peptide 143Trp Ala Pro Glu Lys Asp Tyr Met Gln Leu
Met Lys 1 5 10 14420PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding
peptide 144Cys Pro Leu Asp Thr Pro Thr His Lys Thr Lys His Glu Tyr
Lys Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg Cys Arg His 20 14518PRTartificial
sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide 145Asp His Asp His Pro Arg Leu
His Lys Arg Gln Glu Lys Ser Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu His
14620PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide 146Asp Ser
His His Asn His His Lys Gln Asp Ser Arg Pro Gln His Arg 1 5 10 15
Lys Thr Pro Asn 20 14715PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding
peptide 147Glu Gly Gly Asn Ala Pro His His Lys Pro His His Arg Lys
His 1 5 10 15 14818PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide
148His Asp Ser His Arg Pro Leu Thr Gln His Gly His Arg His Ser His
1 5 10 15 Val Pro 14918PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding
peptide 149His Asp Ser Asn His Cys Ser His Ser Thr Arg Arg Pro Asn
Cys Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Thr 15015PRTartificial sequenceIron
oxide-binding peptide 150Ala Thr Arg Val Asp Asn Thr Pro Ala Ser
Asn Pro Pro Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 15115PRTartificial sequenceIron
oxide-binding peptide 151Asp Gly Ile Lys Pro Phe His Leu Met Thr
Pro Thr Leu Ala Asn 1 5 10 15 15218PRTartificial sequenceIron
oxide-binding peptide 152Asp Ile Thr Pro Pro Gly Ser Thr His His
Arg Lys Pro His Arg His 1 5 10 15 Gln His 15315PRTartificial
sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide 153Asp Asn Leu Trp Pro Gln Pro
Leu Asn Val Glu Asp Asp Arg Tyr 1 5 10 15 15418PRTartificial
sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide 154Glu Asn Glu Lys His Arg His
Asn Thr His Glu Ala Leu His Ser His 1 5 10 15 Phe Lys
15520PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide 155Gly Ala
Ile Trp Pro Ala Ser Ser Ala Leu Met Thr Glu His Asn Pro 1 5 10 15
Thr Asp Asn His 20 15615PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding
peptide 156Gly Asp Thr Asn Gln Asp Thr Val Met Trp Tyr Tyr Thr Val
Asn 1 5 10 15 15715PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide
157His Asn Gly Pro Tyr Gly Met Leu Ser Thr Gly Lys Ile His Phe 1 5
10 15 15815PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide 158Leu
Asp Gly Gly Tyr Arg Asp Thr Pro Asp Asn Tyr Leu Lys Gly 1 5 10 15
15915PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide 159Leu His
Thr Lys Thr Glu Asn Ser His Thr Asn Met Lys Thr Thr 1 5 10 15
16020PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide 160Asn Ala
Gln Tyr Asp Pro Pro Thr Leu Asn Lys Gly Ala Val Arg Lys 1 5 10 15
Ala Ala Ser Thr 20 16115PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding
peptide 161Asn Gly Asn Asn His Thr Asp Ile Pro Asn Arg Ser Ser Tyr
Thr 1 5 10 15 16218PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide
162Gln Ser Thr Asn His His His Pro His Ala Lys His Pro Arg Val Asn
1 5 10 15 Thr His 16315PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding
peptide 163Ser Asn Asn Asp Tyr Val Gly Thr Tyr Pro Ala Thr Ala Ile
Gln 1 5 10 15 16415PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide
164Ser Thr Gln His Asn Leu His Asp Arg Asn Ile Tyr Phe Val Ser 1 5
10 15 16520PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide 165Thr
Ala Asn Asn Lys Thr Pro Ala Gly Ala Pro Asn Ala Ala Val Gly 1 5 10
15 Leu Ala Gln Arg 20 16615PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding
peptide 166Thr Glu Pro Thr Arg Ile Ser Asn Tyr Arg Ser Ile Pro Asn
Asp 1 5 10 15 16718PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide
167Thr His Asn Pro Arg Glu His Ala Arg His His His His Asn Glu Tyr
1 5 10 15 Lys His 16815PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding
peptide 168Thr His Pro Pro Cys Trp Tyr Glu Thr Asn Cys Ile Val Gln
Glu 1 5 10 15 16920PRTartificial sequenceIron oxide-binding peptide
169Thr Thr Asn Pro His Lys Pro Ala Ser His His His Asp His Arg Pro
1 5 10 15 Ala Leu Arg His 20 17015PRTartificial sequenceIron
oxide-binding peptide 170Trp Leu Val Ala Asp Asn Ala Thr Asp Gly
His Ser His Gln Lys 1 5 10 15 17115PRTartificial sequenceIron
oxide-binding peptide 171Tyr Thr Asp Ser Met Ser Asp Gln Thr Pro
Glu Phe Ala Lys Tyr 1 5 10 15 17227PRTartificial
sequenceClay-binding peptide 172Gly His Gly Ser Pro Ser Asn Ser His
His Gly Ser Lys Lys Cys Asp 1 5 10 15 Met Gly Asn Ser Arg Ala Lys
Cys Lys Arg Leu 20 25 17327PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding
peptide 173Ser Asp Arg His Asn Leu Arg Asn Ser Trp Ser Ile Ser Arg
His Cys 1 5 10 15 Arg Arg Lys Gln Gly Arg Cys Leu Pro Ala His 20 25
17427PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding peptide 174Lys Lys Ser Asn
Lys Gly His His Pro Ser Ser Lys Gly Lys Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Pro Trp
Ser Glu Trp Asp Lys Lys Asn Gly Pro 20 25 17527PRTartificial
sequenceClay-binding peptide 175Lys Lys Ser Asn Lys Gly Pro His Pro
Ser Ser Lys Gly Lys Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Pro Trp Ser Glu Trp Asp Lys
Lys Asn Gly Pro 20 25 17622PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding
peptide 176Val Gly Arg His His Ser Lys Ala Lys Gln Lys Arg Pro His
Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Lys Gly Gln Asn Lys Asn 20 17722PRTartificial
sequenceClay-binding peptide 177Val Gly Arg His His Pro Lys Ala Lys
Gln Lys Arg Pro His Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Lys Gly Gln Asn Lys Asn 20
17817PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding peptide 178Gly Arg Arg Pro
Arg Ala Arg Gly Arg Ser Arg Arg Gly Ser Thr Lys 1 5 10 15 Thr
17919PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding peptide 179Leu Gly Val Ile
Arg Asn His Val Val Arg Gly Arg Arg His His Gln 1 5 10 15 His Val
Arg 18027PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding peptide 180Gln Pro Gly
Arg Pro Thr Glu Val His Pro Glu Leu Val Arg Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala
Tyr Leu Val Asn Pro Ser Glu Asp Ile Arg 20 25 18127PRTartificial
sequenceClay-binding peptide 181His Arg Ser Glu Lys Pro Lys Asn Val
Lys Tyr Lys Arg Gly Tyr Trp 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Gly Asn Gln Lys Lys
His Gly Pro Gly 20 25 18227PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding
peptide 182Gly Ser His Lys Arg Arg Gly Ser Tyr Ala Leu Leu Arg Thr
Arg Gly 1 5 10 15 Val Gly Arg Gln Ala Glu Leu Glu His Leu Leu 20 25
18327PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding peptide 183Val Gly Glu Lys
Pro Arg Arg Lys Ser Lys Gly Ala Lys Ala Lys Lys 1 5 10 15 Ala Arg
Thr Lys Glu Glu Lys Leu Pro Lys Asn 20 25 18427PRTartificial
sequenceClay-binding peptide 184Asn Lys Gly His Lys Gln Ser Gly Ser
Pro Arg His Ser Asn Lys Lys 1 5 10 15 Glu Lys Lys Thr Gln Gln Lys
Arg Gly Gln Pro 20 25 18527PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding
peptide 185His Trp Gly Ser Gln His Lys Thr Gly Leu Arg Asn His Lys
Arg Ser 1 5 10 15 Arg Arg Asp Ser Leu Gly Lys Arg Gly Thr
Asp 20 25 18627PRTartificial sequenceClay-binding peptide 186Lys
Gly Trp Gly Ser Ser Ser Gly Pro Pro Gly Leu Thr Gly Lys Ala 1 5 10
15 Leu Gly Lys Gly Arg Leu Lys Pro Lys Lys Lys 20 25
18727PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 187Arg
Asn Asn Lys Gly Ser Lys Lys Val Asp Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Thr 1 5 10
15 Val His Asn Thr Lys Ser Arg Ala Lys Tyr Ser 20 25
18827PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 188Arg
Asn Asn Lys Gly Ser Lys Lys Val Asp Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Thr 1 5 10
15 Val His Asn Thr Lys Ser Arg Ala Lys His Ser 20 25
18927PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 189Arg
Asp Asn Lys Gly Ser Lys Lys Val Asp Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Thr 1 5 10
15 Val His Asn Thr Lys Ser Arg Ala Lys Tyr Ser 20 25
19027PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 190Arg
Asn Asn Lys Gly Ser Lys Lys Val Asp Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Thr 1 5 10
15 Val His Ser Thr Lys Ser Arg Ala Lys Tyr Ser 20 25
19127PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 191Arg
Asn Asn Lys Gly Ser Arg Lys Val Asp Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Thr 1 5 10
15 Val His Asn Thr Lys Ser Arg Ala Lys Tyr Ser 20 25
19227PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 192Arg
Asn Asn Lys Gly Ser Lys Lys Ala Asp Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Thr 1 5 10
15 Val His Ser Thr Lys Ser Arg Ala Lys Tyr Ser 20 25
19327PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 193Arg
Asn Asn Lys Gly Ser Lys Lys Val Asp Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Ala 1 5 10
15 Val His Asn Lys Lys Ser Arg Ala Lys Tyr Ser 20 25
19427PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 194Arg
Asn Asn Lys Gly Ser Lys Lys Val Asp Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Thr 1 5 10
15 Val His Asn Thr Arg Ser Arg Ala Lys Tyr Ser 20 25
19527PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 195Arg
Asn Asn Lys Gly Ser Lys Lys Val Asp Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Thr 1 5 10
15 Val His Asn Thr Lys Ser Arg Ala Lys Phe Ser 20 25
19627PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 196Gln
Arg Arg Lys Leu Arg His Pro Lys Glu Lys Trp Phe Gly Trp Ser 1 5 10
15 Glu Lys Lys Val Ile Lys Lys Trp Ser Arg Lys 20 25
19727PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 197Gln
Arg Arg Lys Phe Arg His Pro Lys Glu Lys Trp Phe Gly Trp Ser 1 5 10
15 Glu Lys Lys Val Ile Lys Xaa Asn Gly Arg Pro 20 25
19827PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 198His
Lys Arg Leu Val Gln Asn Lys Pro His Arg Thr Arg Lys Ile Glu 1 5 10
15 Gly Trp Ile Lys His Met Val Lys Arg Gln His 20 25
19927PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 199Thr
Arg Gly His Ile Met Arg Pro Cys Trp Ile Gly Ala Met Lys Gln 1 5 10
15 Gly Val Lys Lys Lys Arg Thr Pro Gly Trp Arg 20 25
20027PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 200Trp
Lys Val Lys Arg Arg Met Val Thr Arg Thr Tyr Glu Phe Met Gly 1 5 10
15 Lys Lys Pro Cys Met Met Leu Thr Lys Arg Leu 20 25
20126PRTartificial sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 201Lys
Lys Ser Asn Lys Gly His His Ser Lys Ala Lys Gln Lys Arg Pro 1 5 10
15 His Gly Gly Lys Ala Gln Asn Lys Asn Thr 20 25 20227PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 202Arg Ala His Lys Glu
Arg Phe Val Val Arg Gln Ile Gly Arg Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Tyr Lys
Thr Trp Gln Cys Val Arg Val Ala 20 25 20327PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 203Ser Gln Lys Pro Lys
Gly His Lys Val Lys Val Val Val Lys Leu Cys 1 5 10 15 Lys Arg Pro
Tyr Trp Arg Met Leu Asn Thr Ala 20 25 20427PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 204Asn His Gly Cys Pro
Val Asn Trp Lys Val Xaa Asn Pro Pro Arg Gly 1 5 10 15 Trp Gln Arg
Leu Asn His Cys Lys Trp Trp Asn 20 25 20527PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 205Arg Asn Ser Arg His
Lys Glu Trp Arg Arg Tyr Lys Arg Thr His Val 1 5 10 15 His Ser His
Glu Phe Tyr His Val Glu Cys Trp 20 25 20627PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 206His Arg Ser Glu Lys
Pro Lys Asn Val Asn Tyr Lys Arg Gly Tyr Trp 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Gly
Asn Gln Lys Lys His Gly Pro Gly 20 25 20727PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 207His Glu Arg Thr Arg
Arg Gly Lys Pro Asp Arg Gln Lys Thr Thr His 1 5 10 15 Glu Lys Arg
Arg Gln Gly Leu Trp Ile Phe Met 20 25 20827PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 208Pro Trp Gly Thr Asn
Lys Arg Gln Lys His Lys Val His Glu Ala Lys 1 5 10 15 Ala Leu Lys
Lys Ser Leu Trp Tyr Ser Asn Ser 20 25 20927PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 209Arg Arg Gly Val Val
Leu Cys His Thr His Arg Asn Lys Arg Ile Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Ala Tyr
Ser Val Thr Lys Lys Ala Trp Ala 20 25 21027PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 210Glu Arg Ile Arg Trp
Arg Arg Leu Ser Ala Glu Ile Arg Ala His Lys 1 5 10 15 Trp Ser Val
Leu Lys Phe Arg Leu Ser Cys Met 20 25 21127PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 211Lys Thr Lys Glu Lys
Lys Lys Glu Val Lys Leu His Lys Lys Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Val
Leu Leu Ala Asp Leu Trp Arg Leu 20 25 21227PRTartificial
sequenceCalcium carbonate binding peptide 212Leu Gly Lys Lys His
Lys Gln His Ser Lys Val Gly His Gly Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Thr Arg
Phe Leu Arg Arg Ser Lys Leu Phe 20 25 21320PRTartificial
sequenceSilica-binding peptide 213Ala Glu Ala Lys Arg His Pro Val
Val Pro Leu His Glu Gln His Gly 1 5 10 15 His His Glu Leu 20
21418PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide 214Ala Pro Gln
Thr Trp Asn Arg Pro His Pro Gly His Pro Asn Val His 1 5 10 15 Thr
Arg 21520PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide 215Ala Thr
Thr Pro Pro Ser Gly Lys Ala Ala Ala His Ser Ala Ala Arg 1 5 10 15
Gln Lys Gly Asn 20 21620PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding
peptide 216Asp Gly Arg Pro Asp Asn Pro Lys His Gln Gln Ser Tyr Asn
Arg Gln 1 5 10 15 Leu Pro Arg Gln 20 21720PRTartificial
sequenceSilica-binding peptide 217Asp His Asn Asn Arg Gln His Ala
Val Glu Val Arg Glu Asn Lys Thr 1 5 10 15 His Thr Ala Arg 20
21820PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide 218Gly Pro Glu
Pro Arg Ala Leu Asn Pro Lys Arg His Met Asp Pro Ala 1 5 10 15 Thr
Gln Ile Arg 20 21915PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide
219His Asp His His Gln Thr His Asn Val Leu His Gly Met Lys Lys 1 5
10 15 22018PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide 220His His
Asp Arg Ala Glu Pro Arg Gly Met Ala Ala Thr Leu Ala Gln 1 5 10 15
Thr Ile 22120PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide 221His
His Asn His Met Thr Gly Ala Asp Asn Pro Ile Phe His Asn Asn 1 5 10
15 Thr Ala His Arg 20 22218PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding
peptide 222His Asn His Ala Gln Met Leu Arg Pro Glu Pro Thr Gly Ile
Ser His 1 5 10 15 Lys Asn 22320PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding
peptide 223His Thr Asn Asp Asn Gly Gln Ser Thr Pro Arg Arg Asp Pro
Pro Ala 1 5 10 15 Phe Gln Arg Lys 20 22418PRTartificial
sequenceSilica-binding peptide 224His Thr Asn His His Tyr Asp Gln
Lys Met His Gly Pro Leu Pro Thr 1 5 10 15 Pro Tyr
22520PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide 225Leu Asn Ser
Met Ser Asp Lys His His Gly His Gln Asn Thr Ala Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg
Asn Gln His 20 22620PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide
226Met His Lys Pro Asn Asn Pro Asp Thr His Arg Ser Thr Pro Ser Pro
1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Lys Ser 20 22718PRTartificial
sequenceSilica-binding peptide 227Asn Phe Pro Val Tyr Asp Thr Thr
His His Gly Gly His Arg Ser Lys 1 5 10 15 Leu His
22820PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide 228Asn Val His
Pro Gln Ser Glu Asn Thr Asn Thr Thr Arg Pro His Lys 1 5 10 15 Ser
Thr Gln Arg 20 22918PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide
229Gln His Gly Met His Ser Pro Asn Leu Gly Ala Arg Met Asn Ala Thr
1 5 10 15 Pro His 23020PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide
230Arg Pro Asn Asp Thr His His Pro Gly Lys Cys Asp Thr His Ala Val
1 5 10 15 Cys His Gln Thr 20 23120PRTartificial
sequenceSilica-binding peptide 231Ser His Leu Met His Val Lys Ala
Pro Thr Asp Gln Ala Ser Thr Arg 1 5 10 15 Asn Arg Phe Asp 20
23220PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide 232Ser Ser Ser
Thr Pro Pro Asn Ser Pro Lys His Ser Lys Tyr Asn Val 1 5 10 15 Trp
Thr Ser Pro 20 23317PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide
233Val His Gln Thr Thr Pro Gln His Lys Asp Ala Val Asn Leu Pro Arg
1 5 10 15 Lys 23420PRTartificial sequenceSilica-binding peptide
234Trp His Ser Ser Glu Gly Gln Tyr Lys Lys Pro Asn Asn His Arg Gln
1 5 10 15 Tyr His Thr Gly 20 23515PRTartificial
sequenceSilica-binding peptide 235Tyr Lys His Glu Arg His Tyr Ser
Gln Pro Leu Lys Val Arg His 1 5 10 15 23617PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 236Pro Lys Gly Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys
Gly Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys 1 5 10 15 Leu 23716PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 237Lys Gly Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Gly
Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 23816PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 238Lys Gly Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu
Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 23914PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 239Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys
Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu 1 5 10 24012PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
construct 240Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu 1 5 10
24117PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic construct 241Val Ala Lys Lys
Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala Lys Lys Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu
24213PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic construct 242Phe Ala Lys Leu
Leu Ala Lys Ala Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu 1 5 10 24316PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 243Lys Gly Leu Lys Lys Gly Leu Lys Leu
Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 24416PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 244Lys Gly Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu
Gly Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 24516PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 245Lys Gly Leu Lys Lys Leu Gly Lys Leu
Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 24616PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 246Lys Gly Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu
Leu Lys Lys Gly Leu Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 24716PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 247Lys Gly Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Lys Leu
Leu Lys Lys Leu Gly Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 24819PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 248Phe Ala Leu Ala Leu Lys Ala Leu Lys
Lys Leu Lys Lys Ala Leu Lys 1 5 10 15 Lys Ala Leu
24917PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic construct 249Phe Ala Lys Lys
Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala Lys Lys Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu
25013PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic construct 250Phe Ala Lys Leu
Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala Lys Lys Leu Leu 1 5 10 25115PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 251Phe Ala Lys Lys Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala
Leu Lys Leu Ala Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 25210PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 252Phe Ala Lys Lys Leu Ala Lys Lys Leu
Leu 1 5 10 25313PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic construct 253Phe
Ala Lys Leu Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala Lys Lys Val Leu 1 5 10
25413PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic construct 254Lys Tyr Lys Lys
Ala Leu Lys Lys Leu Ala Lys Leu Leu 1 5 10 25512PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 255Phe Ala Leu Leu Lys Ala Leu Leu Lys
Lys Ala Leu 1 5 10 25614PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic construct
256Lys Arg Leu Phe Lys Lys Leu Lys Phe Ser Leu Arg Lys Tyr 1 5 10
25714PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic construct 257Lys Arg Leu Phe
Lys Lys Leu Leu Phe Ser Leu Arg Lys Tyr 1 5 10 25814PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic construct 258Leu Leu Leu Phe Leu Leu Lys Lys Arg
Lys Lys Arg Lys Tyr 1 5 10 25936PRTH. cecropia 259Lys Trp Lys Leu
Phe Lys Lys Ile Glu Lys Val Gly Gln Asn Ile Arg 1 5 10 15 Asp Gly
Ile Ile Lys Ala Gly Pro Ala Val Ala Trp Gly Gln Ala Thr 20 25 30
Gln Ile Ala Lys 35 26023PRTXenopus 260Gly Ile Gly Lys Phe Leu His
Ser Ala Lys Lys Phe Gly Lys Ala Phe 1 5 10 15 Val Gly Glu Ile Met
Asn Ser 20 26122PRTXenopus 261Gly Ile Gly Lys Phe Leu Lys Lys Ala
Lys Lys Phe Gly Lys Ala Phe 1 5 10 15 Val Lys Ile Leu Lys Lys 20
26212PRTBos taurus 262Arg Leu Cys Arg Ile Val Val Ile Arg Val Cys
Arg 1 5 10 26313PRTBos sp. 263Ile Leu Pro Trp Lys Trp Pro Trp Trp
Pro Trp Arg Arg 1 5 10 26424PRTHomo sapiens 264Asp Ser His Ala Lys
Arg His His Gly Tyr Lys Arg Lys Phe His Glu 1 5 10 15 Lys His His
Ser His Arg Gly Tyr 20 26533PRTartificial sequencesynthetic linker
265Glu Pro Glu Pro Glu Pro Glu Pro Ile Pro Glu Pro Pro Lys Glu Ala
1 5 10 15 Pro Val Val Ile Glu Lys Pro Lys Pro Lys Pro Lys Pro Lys
Pro Lys 20 25 30 Pro 26621PRTartificial sequencesynthetic peptide
linker 266Gly Lys Gly Lys Gly Lys Gly Lys Gly Lys Gly Lys Gly Lys
Gly Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly Lys Gly Lys Gly 20 2678PRTartificial
sequencesynthetic peptide bridge 267Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Pro
1 5
26816PRTartificial sequencesynthetic peptide bridge 268Gly Ser Gly
Gly Gly Gly Ser Pro Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Pro 1 5 10 15
26928PRTartificial sequencehair-binding peptide 269Arg Arg Ser Met
Ser Leu Arg Met Leu Thr Arg Gly Ile Lys Trp Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala Met
Ala Tyr Leu Ala Ser Arg Trp Ile Leu Lys 20 25 27028PRTartificial
sequencehair-binding peptide 270Ser Leu Arg Arg Arg Trp Thr Thr Phe
Gly Lys Ile Leu Arg Arg Trp 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Pro Thr Ala Met Leu
Leu Val Met Met Lys 20 25
* * * * *