U.S. patent application number 13/567230 was filed with the patent office on 2012-12-20 for apparatus for installing fasteners and explosive loads for use therewith.
Invention is credited to Joe Lin, FERNANDO MASAS.
Application Number | 20120321413 13/567230 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47353805 |
Filed Date | 2012-12-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20120321413 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
MASAS; FERNANDO ; et
al. |
December 20, 2012 |
APPARATUS FOR INSTALLING FASTENERS AND EXPLOSIVE LOADS FOR USE
THEREWITH
Abstract
An improved tool for installing an explosively driven fastener
as well as an improved explosively driven fastener for use
therewith are disclosed. The fastener includes a nail having a head
with an explosive load attached thereto in a plastic cap that
includes a buffer. The tool has a plurality of concentric cylinders
and springs including a muzzle for receiving the fastener head and
explosive load. A spring actuated firing pin ignites the load
causing it to explode and drive the nail out of the tool. The
explosion also automatically resets the tool. The tool and the
fastener provide many advantages over existing explosively driven
fasteners and the tools used to install them.
Inventors: |
MASAS; FERNANDO; (Houston,
TX) ; Lin; Joe; (Missouri City, TX) |
Family ID: |
47353805 |
Appl. No.: |
13/567230 |
Filed: |
August 6, 2012 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12785674 |
May 24, 2010 |
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13567230 |
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12704706 |
Feb 12, 2010 |
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12785674 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
411/440 ;
89/1.14 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25C 1/163 20130101;
F16B 19/14 20130101; B25C 1/188 20130101; B25C 1/10 20130101; B25C
1/123 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
411/440 ;
89/1.14 |
International
Class: |
F16B 19/14 20060101
F16B019/14; F42B 99/00 20060101 F42B099/00 |
Claims
1. An explosive load for use in a fastening tool, comprising: an
ABS plastic container; and a nitrocellulose load contained in said
container, wherein the plastic has a tensile strength of 350-500
kg/cm.sup.2.
2. The explosive load according to claim 1, wherein: the plastic
has a flexural strength of 550-650 kg/cm.sup.2.
3. The explosive load according to claim 2, wherein: the plastic
has an IZOD Impact Strength of 25-35 kg-cm/cm.
4. The explosive load according to claim 1, wherein: the plastic
has an IZOD Impact Strength of 25-35 kg-cm/cm.
5. The explosive load according to claim 1, wherein: said
nitrocellulose load is 94% Nitrocellulose, 5% Methocel and color
agent, 1% Diphenylamine.
6. The explosive load according to claim 1, wherein: said container
has one or more radial protrusions.
7. The explosive load according to claim 1, further comprising: a
nail coupled to said container.
8. An explosive load for use in a fastening tool, comprising: an
ABS plastic container; and a nitrocellulose load contained in said
container, wherein the plastic has a flexural strength of 550-650
kg/cm.sup.2.
9. The explosive load according to claim 8, wherein: the plastic
has an IZOD Impact Strength of 25-35 kg-cm/cm.
10. The explosive load according to claim 8, wherein: said
nitrocellulose load is 94% Nitrocellulose, 5% Methocel and color
agent, 1% Diphenylamine.
11. The explosive load according to claim 8, wherein: said
container has one or more radial protrusions.
12. The explosive load according to claim 8, further comprising: a
nail coupled to said container.
13. An explosive load for use in a fastening tool, comprising: an
ABS plastic container; and a nitrocellulose load contained in said
container, wherein the plastic has an IZOD Impact Strength of 25-35
kg-cm/cm.
14. The explosive load according to claim 13, wherein: said
nitrocellulose load is 94% Nitrocellulose, 5% Methocel and color
agent, 1% Diphenylamine.
15. The explosive load according to claim 13, wherein: said
container has one or more radial protrusions.
16. The explosive load according to claim 13, further comprising: a
nail coupled to said container.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of application
Ser. No. 12/785,674 filed May 24, 2010, which is a
continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 12/704,706 filed Feb.
12, 2010, the contents of both being hereby incorporated by
reference herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates broadly to explosively driven
fasteners More particularly, this invention relates to an apparatus
for installing explosively driven fasteners and explosive loads for
use therewith.
[0004] 2. State of the Art
[0005] Various forms of explosively actuated fastener systems have
been developed to drive fasteners into hard structures such as
wood, concrete, masonry and steel. A considerable advantage of
using such fastener systems has been the reduced time required for
installing the fasteners into hard structures. However, a major
common disadvantage is that the fasteners cause high stresses when
penetrating into the receiving material in the region of the
fastening whereby greater spalling occurs. In addition, explosively
actuated fastener systems are relatively complex in construction
and costly to manufacture and, due to inadequate venting of their
combustion chamber, suffer from the disadvantages that they are
relatively noisy and tend to jam from a buildup of spent
powder.
[0006] Explosively actuated fastener systems have been previously
divided into two general groups: the low-velocity fastener system
(discharging fasteners at a velocity of less than about 300 ft/sec)
and the high-velocity fastener system (discharging fasteners at a
velocity of greater than about 500 ft/sec). In the low velocity
systems, a drive pin is positioned at the exit end of a cylindrical
barrel with a piston located inwardly and spaced from the drive pin
and an explosive charge located behind the piston. In the high
velocity systems, a drive pin is positioned behind the piston. Some
high-velocity fastener systems still have the disadvantages of high
noise level, dangerous free fastener velocity and high degree of
spall and ricochet when the drive pin strikes the work surface.
Some low-velocity fastener systems still have the disadvantage of
high noise level, power limitation, severe spall out in concrete
and high incidence of drive pin damage.
[0007] With the fastener systems being ballistic in nature and the
fasteners attaining free flight, the fastener systems have incurred
safety concerns analogous to those of firearms. Designs of power
loads have been adjusted to make systems safer, to reduce the
number of required parts, and thus decrease the cost of
production.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,123 discloses an explosive actuated tool
in which a spring-loaded barrel with a bore is forced toward a work
surface, thus forcing a fastener into the bore of the barrel. The
fastener acts as a firing pin for igniting a power charge disposed
at a head end of the fastener.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 3,514,025 discloses an electrically operated
explosively actuated tool using a caseless cartridge.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 3,665,583 describes a suspension clip
structure which includes a center portion and a projecting
retaining flange for facilitating the holding of the suspension
clip structure on a power actuated tool.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 3,797,721 describes an explosive actuated tool
for driving a fastening stud. The tool includes a barrel with a
bore. A muzzle is provided at one end of barrel and an explosion
chamber communicates with the bore. A closed gas expansion chamber
surrounds the barrel and communicates with the bore solely through
a plurality of passageways in the barrel adjacent to the
muzzle.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,254 describes a two-stage power driving
system for powder actuated tools comprising a barrel, a piston, a
first stage power load activation means and a power amplifier. The
power amplifier accommodates a stacked arrangement of a fastener
and a second stage power load.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 4,890,778 describes a hammer-activated
fastener tool for driving fastener projectiles comprising a
relatively movable barrel and housing components. The barrel
carries a power load chamber body and a relatively movable piston
member which in muzzleward movement drives the fastener object and
on breechward movement achieves ejection of the spent power load
cartridge. The housing carries a movable firing pin assembly.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,919 briefly describes a self-energizing
fastener which comprises a nail and a charge pellet attached to the
head of the nail. A generally cylindrical tool with an "igniting
projection" is also shown.
[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 5,016,802 describes an explosive actuated
extendable driving tool having a housing with a barrel at its front
end for receiving a fastening element, with a load chamber in an
inner end of the barrel. A manually actuated reciprocating shaft is
slidably received in a retainer that is mounted to the back end of
the housing. A muzzle with a self-aligning spall guard and splash
guard are mounted to the barrel, with a noise suppression element
being contained in a chamber formed between the spall guard and the
splash guard. Exits for the discharge of combustion gases and
carbon into the noise suppression element are defined by discharge
ports formed in the barrel and spall guard.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 5,135,150 describes a pole-type powder
actuated tool that includes a first pin having a flange at the top
end, a second pin having a flange at the top end in contact with
the flange of the first pin so that the second pin will move in
unison with the first pin, a front barrel for receiving a drive pin
and cartridge, a rear barrel for accommodating the second pin and
part of the first pin and engaged with the front barrel at one end
and with a connecting pipe at the other end, two springs enclosing
the first pin and second pin for forcing the two pins to the normal
position after fired.
[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 5,544,800, No. 5,497,929, and No. 5,423,469
describe a system for driving a fastener into a work surface. The
system includes a fastener having a penetration end, a shaft and a
receptacle head end for receiving a power charge and a tool having
a reciprocating firing pin. The tool includes a barrel with a bore
having a muzzle for receiving the fastener, a spring-biased firing
pin and an exhaust chamber connected to the bore for receiving
exhaust gases.
[0018] U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,284 describes an explosively actuated
fastener system. The explosively actuated fastener system includes
a front end; a back end; an open-ended muzzle being positioned
adjacent to the front end of the fastener system; an open-ended
outer tubular member having a front end and a back end; an
open-ended tubular cap being attached to the back end of the outer
tubular member and having a front end and a back end and an inward
circular protrusion at the back end; an open-ended barrel member
including an axial, central bore and extending from within, being
an integral continuation of, and thus connecting, the muzzle to the
outer tubular member; an open-ended inner tubular member having a
front end and a back end, with an outward circular protrusion and
an inward circular protrusion being positioned at the front end; a
reciprocating ejector comprising a retaining section positioned in
the inner tubular member, an outward circular protrusion and a
firing rod, that extends forwardly from the retaining section, that
comprises a front section, a middle section and a back section and
that is separated from the retaining section by the outward
circular protrusion; an ejector housing being used for
accommodating the reciprocating ejector and including a tube, an
outward circular protrusion and a firing pin that extends forwardly
from the tube, with the tube including a closed top, an open
bottom, a front section that is smaller in diameter than the axial,
central bore of the barrel member, a middle section and a back
section that is separated from the middle section by the outward
circular protrusion and that has a number of perforations; a
forward spring being positioned within the inner tubular member; a
balancing spring being positioned within the outer tubular member;
a handle being attached to and serving as a closure for the back
end of the inner tubular member; an open-ended sliding guide
including a tubular main body and a front part that at its front
edge has an inward circular protrusion and being positioned in
front of the outward circular protrusion of the inner tubular
member and within the outer tubular member; a reset spring being
fitted around the front part of the sliding guide and being
positioned between the outward circular protrusion of the ejector
housing and the main body of the sliding guide and a pin means
being fitted in the number of perforations in the back section of
the ejector housing.
[0019] According to the method of the '284 patent, the handle is
first pulled backwards to manually reset the fastener system. The
backward movement of the inner tubular member results in opening up
of the reset spring, causes the sliding guide to move backward and,
thus, causes the pin means to lock. Upon pulling the handle to
bring the fastener system to a set position, the handle is pushed
forward. The forward push on the handle results in compression of
the forward spring and build-up of a striking force that forces the
inner tubular member to move forward. The forward movement of the
inner tubular member causes the sliding guide to move forward and
results in compression of the reset spring. The pin means is
unlocked, allowing the forward spring to open up, and the firing
rod moves forward, pushed by the opening forward spring, in the
ejector housing and strikes front of the tube and the firing pin of
the ejector housing which initiates deflagration or detonation of a
solid propellant pill.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0020] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an
improved tool for installing an explosively driven fastener as well
as an improved explosively driven fastener for use therewith.
[0021] In accord with these objects, which will be discussed in
detail below, the tool according to the invention includes a
cylindrical main body having a proximal threaded end, an internal
trigger key, an external annular flange, and an internal spring
stop distal of the trigger key, the main body defining a
diametrical slot which extends a distance between its proximal and
distal ends. As used herein the term "proximal" means closest to
the tool operator and the term "distal" means distant from the tool
operator, i.e. closest to the fastener.
[0022] The proximal threaded end of the main body is coupled to a
cylindrical tool base having a distal threaded end (for coupling to
the main body), a proximal threaded end (for coupling to a pole),
an external annular flange, and an internal spring receiving
recess. The distal threaded end of the tool base is threadably
coupled to the proximal threaded end of the main body. A
cylindrical outer cover extends over a proximal portion of the main
body and a distal portion of the tool base, the cover being
embraced by the respective external annular flanges of the main
body and the tool base.
[0023] A firing pin holder having a proximal end and a distal end
with a stepped diameter defining a spring stop therebetween is
arranged coaxially within the main body. A main spring is mounted
coaxially on the proximal end of the firing pin holder and extends,
together with a portion of the proximal end of the firing pin
holder, into the spring receiving recess of the tool base. A firing
pin is coupled to the distal end of the firing pin holder. The
firing pin holder is provided with a diametrical main assembly pin
which passes through a diametrical hole in the firing pin holder
and engages the diametrical slot of the main body. The assembly pin
and slot engagement limit the longitudinal movement of the firing
pin holder and the main body relative to each other. The firing pin
holder and firing pin together are referred to as the firing pin
assembly.
[0024] A firing pin assembly guide is arranged coaxially between
the firing pin assembly and the main body. The firing pin assembly
guide has a relatively large diameter proximal end, a relatively
small diameter distal end, and an external annular flange
therebetween. The relatively large diameter proximal end receives
the distal end of the firing pin holder and is provided with a
diametrical slot which also received the main assembly pin. The
small diameter distal end receives the firing pin. In addition, the
firing pin assembly guide is provided with a keyway which is
arranged to receive the trigger key of the main body as well as a
radially biased trigger which extends from the firing pin holder.
The keyway is arranged to allow longitudinal movement of the
trigger key relative to the firing pin assembly guide and prevent
longitudinal movement of the trigger (and thus the firing pin
assembly) relative to the firing pin assembly guide when the
trigger is radially biased into the keyway. Longitudinal distal
movement of the main body causes the trigger key to ride over the
radially biased trigger and disengage it from the keyway thereby
allowing longitudinal movement of the firing pin assembly relative
to the firing pin assembly guide.
[0025] An inner sleeve has a reduced diameter proximal end defining
internal and external annular flanges and a threaded distal end.
The inner sleeve is coaxially mounted between the firing pin
assembly guide and the main body with the internal annular flange
of the inner sleeve cooperating with the external annular sleeve of
the firing pin assembly guide to limit distal movement of the inner
sleeve. A reset spring is mounted over the proximal end of the
inner sleeve and is captured between the external annular flange of
the inner sleeve and the internal spring stop of the main body.
[0026] A muzzle having proximal threads and distal threads is
coupled by its proximal threads to the threaded distal end of the
inner sleeve. The muzzle defines a throughbore which receives the
distal end of the firing pin assembly guide leaving a distal space
to receive the proximal end of an explosively driven fastener. The
muzzle has a plurality of exhaust bores extending outward from the
throughbore to the outer surface of the muzzle. A debris cup is
coaxially mounted over the muzzle and coupled to it via the
muzzle's distal threads. The debris cup catches exhaust debris that
exits the muzzle throughbore via the exhaust bores. According to
one aspect of the invention, a plurality of interchangeable muzzles
are provided. Each muzzle has a different number of exhaust bores.
The number of exhaust bores influences the force with which the
explosively driven fastener will impact the surface into which it
is fired.
[0027] An explosively driven fastener according to the invention
includes a nail having a pointed distal end and a proximal nail
head. The nail head is mounted inside a plastic cap containing a
buffer and a nitrocellulose load. Preferably, a spacer is arranged
between the buffer and the load creating an air space between the
buffer and the load. The nail is advantageously mounted in an angle
bracket which will be affixed to a surface by the nail after the
nail is driven. In addition, a rubber seal is preferably arranged
on the nail between the bracket and the plastic cap. The plastic
cap is preferably provided with outwardly extending flutes or
wings. Because of the provision of different muzzles, it is
possible to provide fasteners with a uniform standard load rather
than different loads for different surfaces.
[0028] In operation, an explosively driven fastener is inserted
into the distal end of the muzzle throughbore. More particularly,
the plastic cap is inserted into the throughbore until the bracket
abuts the distal end of the muzzle. The fastener bracket is aligned
with a surface to be penetrated by the nail and the tool base is
pushed distally towards the surface. Distal movement of the tool
base moves the main body, the main spring and the firing pin
assembly, all distally. Distal movement of the firing pin assembly
causes distal movement of the firing pin assembly guide since they
are locked together by the radially biased trigger. The distal end
of the firing pin assembly guide abuts the proximal end of the
fastener (the plastic cap containing the load) which prevents
further distal movement of the firing pin assembly guide. In
addition, distal movement of the main body causes compression of
the reset spring as it is biased against the inner sleeve which is
prevented from distal movement by the muzzle which abuts the
fastener bracket which abuts the surface to be penetrated. Further
distal movement of the tool base therefore compresses the main
spring against the firing pin holder and continues to move the main
body distally relative to the firing pin assembly and guide, also
further compressing the reset spring. Continued distal movement
causes the key of the main body to enter the keyway of the firing
pin assembly guide and ride over the radially biased trigger
depressing the trigger radially inward. Radial depression of the
trigger disengages the firing pin assembly from the firing pin
assembly guide allowing it to move freely longitudinally distally.
The compressed main spring then forces the firing pin assembly in
the distal direction with the firing pin traveling through the
distal end of the firing pin assembly guide (which is held against
distal movement by the fastener) until the firing pin exits the
firing pin assembly guide and impacts the proximal end of the
fastener striking the explosive load. The load explodes forcing the
nail out of the muzzle and into the surface to be penetrated.
[0029] When the tool is moved away from the fastener, the actions
of the springs automatically resets the tool. Sometimes the spent
load container remains lodged inside the tool. Movement of the
muzzle in the proximal direction brings the proximal end of the
spent load container into engagement with the distal end of the
firing pin assembly guide and causes the spent load container to be
ejected.
[0030] The apparatus according to the invention obviates the need
to purchase separate loads for the tool and there is no need to
place fasteners and loads into the tool separately. The tool is
easily assembled and disassembled for cleaning and is preferably
made entirely of stainless steel. Since the nail is directly
propelled by the explosive rather than by a driver propelled by
explosive, better nail penetration is achieved. In addition, there
is no need to replace drivers which wear after repeated impact
against nail heads. Further, the absence of a driver results in the
absence of vibration when the tool is in use. This results in
greater accuracy and less noise. The nail penetrates much faster
and thus results in a lower failure rate. The slim profile of the
tool allows it to fit into tight spaces such as between ductwork,
pipes, etc. The tool automatically triggers and is automatically
reset after use.
[0031] The construction of the tool renders it lighter. The tool in
combination with the provided fastener is quieter than powder
actuated tools. This is important when working in an occupied
building. The plastic cap on the nail contains the energy that
would otherwise escape and cause noise.
[0032] Additional objects and advantages of the invention will
become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to the
detailed description taken in conjunction with the provided
figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a tool according to the
invention;
[0034] FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of a fastener according to
the invention;
[0035] FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of a tool and fastener
according to the invention;
[0036] FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross section taken along line 4-4
in FIG. 1;
[0037] FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a tool according
to the invention;
[0038] FIG. 5a is a broken perspective view of a first muzzle
configuration;
[0039] FIG. 5b is a broken perspective view of a second muzzle
configuration;
[0040] FIG. 5c is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of
a firing pin assembly guide;
[0041] FIG. 5d is a sectional view taken along line 5d-5d in FIG.
5c;
[0042] FIG. 6 is a cut away view of the main body component of FIG.
5;
[0043] FIG. 7 is a section taken along line 7-7 in FIG. 6;
[0044] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a fastener according to the
invention;
[0045] FIG. 9 is a section taken along line 9-9 in FIG. 8;
[0046] FIG. 10 is an exploded partially broken perspective view of
the fastener;
[0047] FIG. 11 is a side elevation view of a fastener arranged next
to a concrete surface;
[0048] FIGS. 12-18 are views similar to FIG. 4 showing the tool and
fastener is stages of operation;
[0049] FIG. 19 is a longitudinal section and partial perspective
view illustrating the tool ejecting a spent load container;
[0050] FIG. 20 is an exploded view including a broken longitudinal
section of the end of a tool according to the invention, and side
elevation views of an explosive load according to the invention and
a prior art fastener;
[0051] FIGS. 21 and 22 are views similar to FIG. 20 with different
prior art fasteners; and
[0052] FIGS. 23-25 are views similar to FIGS. 20-22 but show the
tool, load and fastener assembled and ready to fire.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0053] Turning now to FIGS. 1-3, the invention includes an
apparatus 10 for installing an explosively driven fastener 12. The
fastener 12 (described in more detail below with reference to FIGS.
8-11) typically includes a nail 14, an explosive load 16, and an
angle bracket 18 which is coupled to a suspension wire 20.
[0054] Turning now to FIGS. 4-7, the tool 10 according to the
invention includes a cylindrical main body 22 having a proximal
threaded end 24, an internal trigger key 26, an external annular
flange 28, an internal spring stop 30 distal of the trigger key 26,
and a distal end 32. The main body 22 defines a diametrical slot 34
which extends a distance between the main body proximal end 24 and
distal end 32. As used herein the term "proximal" means closest to
the tool operator and the term "distal" means distant from the tool
operator, i.e. closest to the fastener.
[0055] The proximal threaded end 24 of the main body 22 is coupled
to a cylindrical tool base 36 having a distal threaded end 38 (for
coupling to the threaded end 24 of the main body 22), a proximal
threaded end 40 (for coupling to a pole, not shown), an external
annular flange 42, and an internal spring receiving recess 44. The
distal threaded end 38 of the tool base is threadably coupled to
the proximal threaded end 24 of the main body 22. A cylindrical
outer cover 46 extends over a proximal portion of the main body 22
and a distal portion of the tool base 36, the cover 46 being
embraced by the external annular flange 28 of the main body 22 and
the external annular flange 42 of the tool base 36. As used herein,
the main body 22 coupled to the tool base 36 are said to comprise
the "trigger body".
[0056] A firing pin holder 48 having a proximal end 50 and a distal
end 52 with a stepped diameter defining a spring stop 54
therebetween is arranged coaxially within the main body 22. A main
spring (firing spring) 56 is mounted coaxially on the proximal end
50 of the firing pin holder 48 and extends from the spring stop 54,
together with a portion of the proximal end 50 of the firing pin
holder 48, into the spring receiving recess 44 of the tool base 36.
A firing pin 58 is coupled to the distal end 52 of the firing pin
holder 48. According to the presently preferred embodiment, a steel
disk 57 and a frustroconical rubber buffer 59 are located behind
the main spring 56 as shown best in FIG. 4. These parts act as
shock absorbers.
[0057] The firing pin holder 48 is provided with a diametrical main
assembly pin 60 which passes through a diametrical hole 62 in the
firing pin holder 48 and engages the diametrical slot 34 of the
main body 22. The assembly pin 60 and slot 34 engagement limit the
longitudinal movement of the firing pin holder and the main body
relative to each other. The firing pin 58 is coupled to the firing
pin holder 48 by a pin 64 which engages a diametrical hole 66 in
the firing pin and a diametrical hole 68 in the firing pin holder.
More specifically, the firing pin 58 has a proximal head 70 which
defines the diametrical hole 66 and a pointed distal end 72. The
head 70 is received in a recess 74 at the distal end of the firing
pin holder 48. The coupled firing pin holder 48 and firing pin 58
together are referred to as the firing pin assembly.
[0058] A firing pin assembly guide 76 is arranged coaxially between
the firing pin assembly 48, 58 and the main body 22. The firing pin
assembly guide 76 has a relatively large diameter proximal end 78,
a relatively small diameter distal end 80, and an external annular
flange 82 therebetween. The relatively large diameter proximal end
78 receives the distal end 52 of the firing pin holder 48 and is
provided with a diametrical slot 84 which also receives the main
assembly pin 60. The small diameter distal end 80 receives the
firing pin 58. In addition, the firing pin assembly guide 76 is
provided with a keyway which is arranged to receive the trigger key
26 of the main body 22 as well as a radially biased trigger 88
which extends from the firing pin holder 48. The keyway 86 is
arranged to allow longitudinal movement of the trigger key 26
relative to the firing pin assembly guide 76 and prevent
longitudinal movement of the trigger (and thus the firing pin
assembly) relative to the firing pin assembly guide when the
trigger 88 is radially biased into the keyway 86. More
particularly, the keyway 86 has a circular stop 90 which intersects
the keyway 86 and receives the trigger 88 which is biased into the
stop by a spring 92. Longitudinal distal movement of the main body
22 relative to the firing pin assembly guide 76 causes the trigger
key 26 (which has a smooth distal edge) to ride over the radially
biased trigger 88 and disengage the trigger 88 from the keyway 86
thereby allowing longitudinal movement of the firing pin assembly
48, 58 relative to the firing pin assembly guide 76.
[0059] An inner sleeve 94 has a reduced diameter proximal end 96
defining an internal annular flange 98, an external annular flange
100 and a threaded distal end 102. The inner sleeve 94 is coaxially
mounted between the firing pin assembly guide 76 and the main body
22 with the internal annular flange 98 of the inner sleeve 94
cooperating with the external annular flange 82 of the firing pin
assembly guide 76 to limit distal movement of the inner sleeve 94
(see FIG. 12, e.g.). A reset spring 104 is mounted over the
proximal end 96 of the inner (reset) sleeve 94 and is captured
between the external annular flange 100 of the inner sleeve 94 and
the internal spring stop 30 of the main body 22. According to the
presently preferred embodiment, a TEFLON ring 77 is located on the
proximal side of the annular flange 82. The ring 77 reduces the
shock when the firing pin guide is propelled backward and the
flange 82 is moved toward the flange 98.
[0060] A muzzle 106 having proximal threads 108 and distal threads
110 is coupled by its proximal threads 108 to the threaded distal
end 102 of the inner sleeve 94. The muzzle 106 defines a
throughbore 107 which receives the distal end 80 of the firing pin
assembly guide 76 leaving a distal space to receive the proximal
end of an explosively driven fastener (described below with
reference to FIGS. 9-19). The muzzle 106 has a plurality of exhaust
bores 112 extending outward from the throughbore 107 to the outer
surface of the muzzle. The number, location and configuration of
the exhaust bores 112 maybe varied to affect the operation of the
explosive load. For example, FIGS. 5 and 5a illustrate a muzzle
having six exhaust bores 112 which are staggered longitudinally in
two groups of three bores arranged approximately one hundred twenty
degrees apart. The bores are not perfectly radial but are angled
proximally, i.e. in the direction taken by exhaust from the
explosive load. FIG. 5b illustrates an alternative muzzle 106'
having the same threads 108', 110' as the threads 108, 110 in the
muzzle 106. Thus, the muzzles 106 and 106' are interchangeable in
the tool 10. The exhaust bores 112' in the muzzle 106' are fewer in
number, thus allowing less exhaust from the exploding load. From
the foregoing, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the
fewer the exhaust bores, the greater the explosive force will be on
the fastener.
[0061] According to an alternate embodiment, shown in FIGS. 5c and
5d, a slightly different firing pin assembly guide 276 is provided.
The firing pin assembly guide 276 is similar to the firing pin
assembly guide 76 (FIG. 5) with similar numerals (increased by 200)
referring to similar features. There is a relatively large diameter
proximal end 278, a relatively small diameter distal end 280, and
an external annular flange 282 therebetween. The relatively large
diameter proximal end 278 receives the distal end 52 of the firing
pin holder 48 (FIG. 5) and is provided with a diametrical slot (not
shown) which also receives the main assembly pin 60. The small
diameter distal end 280 receives the firing pin 58. In addition,
the firing pin assembly guide 276 is provided with a keyway 286
which is arranged to receive the trigger key 26 of the main body 22
as well as the radially biased trigger 88 which extends from the
firing pin holder 48. The keyway 286 is arranged to allow
longitudinal movement of the trigger key 26 relative to the firing
pin assembly guide 276 and prevent longitudinal movement of the
trigger (and thus the firing pin assembly) relative to the firing
pin assembly guide when the trigger 88 is radially biased into the
keyway 286. More particularly, the keyway 286 has a circular stop
290 which intersects the keyway 286 and receives the trigger 88
which is biased into the stop by the spring 92. Longitudinal distal
movement of the main body 22 relative to the firing pin assembly
guide 276 causes the trigger key 26 (which has a smooth distal
edge) to ride over the radially biased trigger 88 and disengage the
trigger 88 from the keyway 286 thereby allowing longitudinal
movement of the firing pin assembly 48, 58 relative to the firing
pin assembly guide 276.
[0062] The firing pin assembly guide 276 is also provided with a
plurality of circumferential grooves 281, 283, 285, 287 extending
along at least part of the relatively small diameter distal end 280
of the firing pin assembly guide 276. The firing pin assembly guide
276 may be preferable to the firing pin assembly guide 76 where the
tool is made with relatively large dimensions. The grooves 281,
283, 285, 287 supplement the exhaust bores 112 of the muzzle 106
(FIGS. 5, 5a, and 5b) by allowing some exhaust to vent through the
main body of the tool. This makes the larger tools much
quieter.
[0063] A debris cup 114 is coaxially mounted over the muzzle 106
and coupled to it via the muzzle's distal threads 110. The debris
cup 114 catches exhaust debris that exits the muzzle throughbore
via the exhaust bores 112. A flange 118 on the muzzle separates the
distal end 102 of the inner sleeve 94 from the proximal end of the
cup 114. Distal inner threads 116 on the debris cup anchor it to
the distal outer threads 110 of the muzzle 106.
[0064] Referring now to FIGS. 8-11, an explosively driven fastener
12 according to the invention includes a nail 14 having a pointed
distal end 120 and a proximal nail head 122. The nail head 122 is
mounted inside a plastic cap 16 containing a buffer 124 and a
nitrocellulose load 126. Preferably, a spacer 128 is arranged
between the buffer 124 and the load 126 creating an air space 130
between the buffer and the load. The nail 14 is advantageously
mounted in an angle bracket 18 which will be affixed to the surface
of material 1 (which may be concrete, wood, masonry, steel, etc.)
by the nail 14 after the nail is driven. In addition, as shown in
FIG. 11, a rubber seal 132 is preferably arranged on the nail 14
between the bracket 18 and the plastic cap 16. The seal 132 and the
buffer 124 both act to silence the explosion of the load 126
without significantly diminishing the impact on the nail. The
plastic cap 16 also tends to guide the nail during penetration
allowing the nail to penetrate more deeply into hard surfaces. The
plastic cap is preferably provided with outwardly extending flutes
or wings 134. The wings help hold the fastener in the tool until
the fastener is fired.
[0065] Operation of the tool and fastener is illustrated in the
sequence of FIGS. 12-19. In operation, an explosively driven
fastener 12 is inserted into the distal end of the muzzle 106
throughbore 107. More particularly, the plastic cap is inserted
into the throughbore until the bracket 18 abuts the distal end of
the muzzle 106. The fastener bracket 18 is aligned with a surface
to be penetrated by the nail 14 (FIG. 12) and the tool base 36 is
pushed distally (FIG. 13) towards the surface (from right to left
as shown in the Figs.). This is typically accomplished by an
operator pushing a pole (not shown) which is attached to the
threads 40 of the tool base 36. Also, this movement is typically
upward into a ceiling structure. Distal movement of the tool base
36 moves the main body 22, the main spring 56 and the firing pin
assembly 48, 58 all distally. Distal movement of the firing pin
assembly causes distal movement of the firing pin assembly guide 76
(FIGS. 13 and 14) since they are locked together by the radially
biased trigger 88. The distal end 80 of the firing pin assembly
guide 76 abuts the proximal end of the fastener (the plastic cap 16
containing the load 126, FIG. 13 et seq.) which prevents further
distal movement of the firing pin assembly guide 76. In addition,
distal movement of the main body 22 causes compression of the reset
spring 104 (FIG. 14) as it is biased against the inner sleeve 94
which is prevented from distal movement by the muzzle 106 which
abuts the fastener bracket 18 which abuts the surface to be
penetrated. Further distal movement of the tool base 36 therefore
compresses the main spring 56 against the firing pin holder 48
(FIG. 14) and continues to move the main body 22 distally relative
to the firing pin assembly 48, 58 and guide 76, also further
compressing the reset spring 104. Continued distal movement causes
the internal trigger key 26 of the main body 22 to enter the keyway
86 of the firing pin assembly guide 76 and ride over the radially
biased trigger 88 depressing the trigger radially inward (FIG. 14).
Radial depression of the trigger 88 disengages the firing pin
assembly 48, 58 from the firing pin assembly guide 76 allowing it
to move freely longitudinally distally (FIG. 15). The compressed
main spring 56 then forces the firing pin assembly 48, 58 in the
distal direction with the firing pin 58 traveling through the
distal end 80 of the firing pin assembly guide 76 (which is held
stationary against distal movement by the fastener, plastic cap 16)
until the firing pin 58 exits the firing pin assembly guide 76 and
impacts the proximal end of the fastener striking the explosive
load 126 (FIG. 16). The load 126 explodes forcing the nail 14 out
of the muzzle 106 and into the surface to be penetrated.
[0066] When the tool is moved away from the fastener, the springs
56 and 104 move the parts back to their original positions (FIG.
17) with the trigger 88 engaging the circular stop 90. In some
cases, the plastic cap 18, or a portion of it will remain attached
to the nail head as shown in FIG. 17. In some cases, the plastic
cap or a portion of it will remain in the bore 107 of the muzzle
106 as shown in FIG. 18. These remnants of the fastener are easily
ejected from the tool by moving the muzzle 106 and inner sleeve 94
proximally toward the main body 22 against the action of reset
spring 104. This brings the end of the muzzle closer to the end of
the firing pin assembly guide as shown in FIG. 19, thereby ejecting
any remnants of the plastic cap.
[0067] The apparatus according to the invention obviates the need
to purchase separate loads for the tool and there is no need to
place fasteners and loads into the tool separately. The tool is
easily assembled and disassembled for cleaning and is preferably
made entirely of stainless steel. Since the nail is directly
propelled by the explosive rather than by a driver propelled by
explosive, better nail penetration is achieved. In addition, there
is no need to replace drivers which wear after repeated impact
against nail heads. Further, the absence of a driver results in the
absence of vibration when the tool is in use. This results in
greater accuracy and less noise. The nail penetrates much faster
and thus results in a lower failure rate. The slim profile of the
tool allows it to fit into tight spaces such as between ductwork,
pipes, etc. The tool automatically triggers and is automatically
reset after use. Interchangeable muzzles obviates the need for
different loads. The force of a standard load can be regulated by
the choice of muzzle.
[0068] The construction of the tool renders it lighter. The tool in
combination with the provided fastener is quieter than powder
actuated tools. This is important when working in an occupied
building. The plastic cap on the nail contains the energy that
would otherwise escape and cause noise.
[0069] The tool 10 according to the invention can be used with
prior art fasteners as shown in FIGS. 20-25. Prior art fasteners 1,
2, and 3 can be used in the tool 10 with an explosive load 212. The
load 212 is substantially the same as the load described above but
not connected to a nail. The load 212 is loaded into the apparatus
10 first and then the fastened is inserted on to of it.
[0070] According to the presently preferred embodiment, the
explosive load 212 (as well as the plastic cap 16) is made of an
ABS plastic container having the following properties:
TABLE-US-00001 Property Test Method Units Number Tensile Strength
ASTM D-638 kg/cm.sup.2 350-500 Flexural Strength ASTM D-790
kg/cm.sup.2 550-650 IZOD Impact Strength ASTM D-256 kg-cm/cm
25-35
This construction of the container helps optimize the impact of the
explosion while minimizing noise.
[0071] The contents of the plastic container (i.e. nitrocellulose
load 126) preferably has the following formulation: 94%
Nitrocellulose, 5% Methocel and color agent, 1% Diphenylamine.
[0072] There have been described and illustrated herein several
embodiments of an apparatus for installing explosively driven
fasteners and fasteners for use therewith. While particular
embodiments of the invention have been described, it is not
intended that the invention be limited thereto, as it is intended
that the invention be as broad in scope as the art will allow and
that the specification be read likewise. It will therefore be
appreciated by those skilled in the art that yet other
modifications could be made to the provided invention without
deviating from its spirit and scope as claimed.
* * * * *